@phdthesis{zimmerman2014cultural,
  abstract = {Nations sharing similar historical, linguistic, and social backgrounds tend to cluster around the same cultural values systems. However, changing socioenvironmental conditions drive cultural values systems to change over time. This study compared changing cultural values in Poland in the postcommunist era with values in the Czech Republic and Slovenia, using factorial ANOVA of published data from the European Values Survey and World Values Survey. The hypotheses were: (a) cultural values in Poland have moved from traditionalist values toward secularism; (b) Poland's rate of cultural values movement was more moderate than either the Czech Republic or Slovenia; and (c) the higher degree of religiousness in Poland mirrored the slower rate of movement toward secularism. The study participants were 20,038 adults from the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovenia. Findings showed 10 of 19 cultural values in Poland showed moderate movement toward secularism, confirming that traditional cultural values in Poland had decreased. However, the findings also showed cultural migration in Poland preserved strong traditional family and religious values despite the influence of far reaching social, economic, and political changes. This study revealed two important points: (a) as cultural values within groups of nations change, cultural values in similar clusters of nations tend to move in the same direction, and (b) deeply held traditional values tend to preserve the differentiation between nations, even as process of cultural values change continues.},
  address = {Phoenix, Arizona},
  author = {Zimmerman, Paul},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  number = {UMI Number 3617584},
  pages = 295,
  publisher = {ProQuest LLC},
  title = {Cultural Tradition and Cultural Change in Postcommunist Poland: A Secondary Data Analysis},
  url = {http://media.proquest.com/media/pq/classic/doc/3311941291/fmt/ai/rep/NPDF?_s=AEx8kONAUoQCRsKobXyA5UcTnEc%3D},
  year = 2014
}

@article{ristovska2013alternative,
  abstract = {The tax noncompliance reduces government's revenues and hence negatively affects citizens' life through an inadequate provision of public services. In order to tackle tax evasion, governments usually rely on enforcement matters applying higher penalties and/or increasing the frequency of audits. On the other hand, in the last couple of years there is a growing literature and evidence suggesting that enforcement efforts alone cannot achieve significant increase on tax compliance. This literature links the willingness of citizens to pay taxes with the social values and norms, i.e. to the tax morale (Torgler 2005; Frey and Torgler 2007; Alm and Torgler 2006; Alm et al., 2011). If correct, the optimal government policies to tackle the tax evasion might defer considerably from the common ones.The aim of this study is therefore to investigate factors that shape the tax morale of Macedonian citizens, and to provide a comparative assessment with the EU countries. Our empirical investigation is based on the work of Torgler, through estimating an ordered probit model in which the dependent variable is the tax morale, and is regressed on a number of independent variables, age, gender, marital status, education, national pride, trust in institutions, happiness, life satisfaction, etc. Data for our study are from the fourth wave (2008) of the European Values Survey. Our main finding is that contrary to other studies for the European countries, the non-demographic factors are more important factors influencing tax morale in Macedonia than the demographic ones. The main contribution of this study is that it is the first attempt in our knowledge to investigate the factors driving the tax morale in Macedonia.},
  author = {Ristovska, Maja and Mojsoska-Blazevski, Nikica and Nikolov, Miso},
  journal = {Serbian Journal of Management},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {169-183},
  title = {An alternative view to the tax evasion: the effect of tax morale on paying taxes in Macedonia and EU countries},
  url = {http://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/sjm/article/view/3776},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2013
}

@article{ferguson2022great,
  abstract = {World polity theorists suggest that, over the last half century, policies on homosexuality have been liberalized throughout the world; other scholars argue that gay rights continue to face strong, possibly growing opposition. This article takes a different perspective. I argue that the global social space has grown increasingly articulated around homosexuality. Drawing on data from 174 countries between 1970 and 2015, I analyze the novel adoption of rationalized state policies regarding same-sex sexuality, evidenced by the rise of both supportive and repressive laws. Some of these approaches target homosexuality as a practice, while others target cultural questions that are relevant to gay people?s lives. How countries position themselves along these dimensions depends on specific national characteristics, including economic capital, geopolitical clout and connections, and racial and colonial legacies.},
  author = {Ferguson, Jason L.},
  doi = {10.1086/723107},
  issn = {00029602},
  journal = {American Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 3,
  pages = {680-727},
  title = {The Great Refusal: The West, the Rest, and the New Regulations on Homosexuality, 1970–2015},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1086/723107},
  volume = 128,
  year = 2022
}

@article{apahideanu2012tendine,
  abstract = {Thematically tributary to one of the most enduring debates within modern sociology, i.e. the secularization debate, the underlying study aims at identifying the main quantitative religiosity trends in Europe over the last three decades by constructing and implementing an aggregated religiosity index as a mathematical instrument meant to operationalize and concretely measure the often too confusing term ?religiosity?. Temporally overlapping the ?globalization era? and spatially one of the areas where this phenomenon manifests itself most intensely, the study measures religiosity only numerically, that isjudging by the evolution in time of the proportion of people identifiable by one or more characteristics as ?religious?, abstaining from any inquiry into the possible or likely qualitative changes of religiosity in time. Conceptualized as three-dimensional (i.e. structured in beliefs, practice and affiliation), religiosity is measured on the basis of the answers provided by respondents throughout Europe within the European Values Survey and International Social Survey Programme waves, the results of the research suggesting a clear political-geographical delineation between the former ?Western Europe? one the one hand, where religiosity has steadily decreased, and the former Communist bloc area, plus Greece and Turkey on the other hand, where especially the 1990s have witnessed an undisputable resurgence in religious beliefs and manifestations.},
  author = {Apahideanu, Ionuţ},
  issn = {2068-6315},
  journal = {Societal and Political Psychology Review},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {59-80},
  title = {Tendinţe ale religiozităţii în Europa ultimelor trei decenii: o abordare cantitativ?},
  url = {http://www.academia.edu/download/31073863/sppir_v3-i1.pdf#page=59},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2012
}

@book{rus2005vrednote,
  address = {Ljubljana},
  author = {Rus, Veljko and Toš, Niko},
  isbn = {9612352003},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 461,
  publisher = {Dokumenti SJM},
  title = {Vrednote Slovencev in Evropejcev},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2005
}

@article{susanszky2023acceptance,
  abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, some governments took measures to restrict political liberties, claiming that these restrictions were necessary to contain the spread of the virus. In this study, we scrutinize differences in citizens’ willingness to accept three types of political restrictions: restricting the media, banning protests, and introducing extensive state surveillance. We focus on two European countries: Austria and Hungary. While we find that perceived health threats, political values, ideological orientation, and political trust are important predictors of accepting political restrictions, we also find that citizens differ in their willingness to support the three types of restrictions depending on whether the given measure affects them directly. We also find differences between Austria and Hungary concerning the way political trust and political values affect the acceptance of restrictions, which may be rooted in the larger polarization of Hungarian society. Furthermore, we observe that perceived health threats, political values, ideological orientation, and political trust are important predictors of accepting political restrictions.},
  author = {Susanszky, Pal and Kittel, Bernhard and Kopper, Akos},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152231187196},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  pages = {1-20},
  title = {Acceptance of political restrictions and societal polarization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study of Austria and Hungary},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231187196},
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{barker1992european,
  address = {London},
  annotation = {Summary Report},
  author = {Barker, D G. and Halman, Loek and Vloet, Astrid},
  isbn = {18742050403},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  pages = 80,
  title = {The European Values Study 1981-1990},
  type = {Report},
  year = 1992
}

@incollection{ester1992crossculturele,
  address = {Haarlem},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Vinken, Henk},
  booktitle = {Jaarboek 90-91 van de Nederlandse Vereniging van Marktonderzoekers: Recente Ontwikkelingen in het Marktonderzoek},
  editor = {Bronner, A E. and Ester, Peter and Leeflang, P S.H. and Olivier, A J. and Raaij, W F. and Wieringa, B.},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {83-123},
  publisher = {De Vrieseborch},
  title = {Een Cross-culturele Vergelijking van 'Young Urban Professionals' (X - A Cross-cultural Comparison of 'Young Urban Professionals')},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1992
}

@article{juknevicius1998secularization,
  author = {Juknevicius, Stanislovas},
  journal = {Spectrum: studies in the history of culture},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {125-143},
  title = {Secularization and the Renaissance of Religiosity in Lithuanian Contemporary Culture},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1998
}

@article{listhaug1990macrovalues,
  abstract = {Data from the EVSSG (acronym not identified) World Values Study are analyzed in relation to the propositions that the macrovalues of the Nordic countries are dominated by leftism, egalitarianism, weak religiosity, & a high level of life satisfaction. The findings do not support the dominance of leftism, but provide strong evidence of the latter two theses. It is suggested that the lack of support for leftism per se might be the result of the achievements of egalitarian policies, which have satisfied the populations of these countries. The findings on religiosity (eg, less than 5% of the population attend church regularly) are related to the general trend of secularism.--------------------------------------------------------------------The macrovalues of the Nordic countries are generally seen as dominated by leftism (especially a strong egalitarianism), high level of life salisfactions, and weak religiosity. Using data from the EVSSG World Values Study we present some empirical evidence relating to these propositions. We find no support for the claim that leftism is dominant, while support for the other two theses is fairly strong We speculate that the failing support for leftism is partly caused by the achievements of egalitarian policies, which weaken demand for more of the same, and partly impeded by the problems that the implementation of the leftist agenda created in these societies.},
  author = {Listhaug, Ola},
  issn = {16993},
  journal = {Acta Sociologica},
  keywords = {1990 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {219-234},
  title = {Macrovalues: The Nordic Countries Compared},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://asj.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/33/3/219},
  volume = 33,
  year = 1990
}

@article{gerxhani2012alone,
  abstract = {This article explores to what extent and how individuals' welfare state attitudes relate to their subjective assessment of the available social support. Using various sociological and sociopsychological theories the authors first provide a theoretical analysis of the micro-macro links between perceived social support (micro), social trust in support availability (macro) and public attitudes towards welfare states (micro). An empirical test based on a large cross-country dataset of 31,122 respondents in 25 European countries shows that the more welfare is provided by the state, the less of it is desired in countries where individuals have the general belief that they can rely on each other for support. Importantly, only when considered jointly, do welfare state provision and social trust in support availability become essential in explaining welfare state attitudes.},
  author = {Gërxhani, Klarita and Koster, Ferry},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 6,
  pages = {768-787},
  study = {CCEB 2002 ; Eurobarometer 1998 ; Eurobarometer 1999 ; Eurobarometer 2000},
  title = {"I am not alone" : understanding public support for the welfare state},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2012
}

@article{andersen2013spiritual,
  abstract = {Based on data from the Danish part of the European Values Study 1981-2008, this article explores the validity of the claim for a spiritual revolution as proposed by Paul Heelas and Linda Woodhead. The article suggests an operationalisation of spirituality. The results of the analyses are that religious values -Christian faith as well as spirituality- tend to be stable over an individual's life course. This suggests that, if there is a spiritual revolution, it must be the product of cohort replacement. If a spiritual revolution is taking place, Christian faith would be expected to decline in younger cohorts while spirituality would increase, but an analysis of cohort support for Christian faith and spirituality from 1981 to 2008 shows that both were constant across cohorts. Thus Danish data contain no indication that a spiritual revolution is taking place or will take place. Finally, we show that, contrary to theoretical expectations, spirituality and Christian faith are strongly correlated. A closer analysis reveals an indirect and more complicated support for parts of the theory since the two variables are explained by different factors and it shows that Christian faith, but not spirituality, is correlated with morality.},
  author = {Andersen, P J. and Gundelach, Peter and Lüchau, Peter},
  doi = {10.1080/13537903.2013.831646},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {385-400},
  title = {A Spiritual Revolution in Denmark?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2013.831646},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2013
}

@article{kerkhofs1992waardenevolutie,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Ethische Perspectieven},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {3-7},
  title = {Waarden-Evolutie van Jongeren in Een Postmoderne Cultuur (x- The Evolution of the Youth's Values in a Postmodern Culture)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.ethische-perspectieven.be/viewpic.php?LAN=N&TABLE=EP&ID=771},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1992
}

@incollection{rosta2000vallasossag,
  address = {Budapest},
  annotation = {Publisher: Faludi Ferenc Akademia, Budapest},
  author = {Rosta, Gergely},
  booktitle = {A hitrol},
  editor = {Banlaky, Eva and Karczub, Gyula and Karczub, Gyula},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {95-106},
  publisher = {Faludi Ferenc Akademia},
  title = {A vallasossag dimenzioi es tipusai},
  year = 2000
}

@inproceedings{sorato2025evaluating,
  abstract = {Cross-national survey projects such as the European Social Survey measure attitudes in European countries by applying standardized questionnaires to population samples. In this context, low-quality translations can affect data collected through questionnaires, hampering data comparability and increasing measurement errors across countries. For these reasons, cross-national survey projects employ rigorous methods in their translation process and refrain from using Machine Translation (MT). However, new advances in language models and their wide-ranging successful application across several Natural Language Processing tasks, including MT, have shown promising results. In the present study, we explore using GPT-4o mini for the questionnaire translation domain. We analyze GPT-4o mini translations for the English-German language pair by comparing them with reference translations produced by humans in an experimental setting. To assess the quality of automatic translations, we apply quantitative MT evaluation metrics and complement our results with qualitative analysis. Our findings show that the GPT model achieved overall good quality, although it failed to produce adequate translations for survey-specific terminology.},
  address = {Hannover},
  author = {Sorato, Danielly and Zavala-Rojas, Diana},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Natural Language Processing (KONVENS 2025): Long and Short Papers},
  editor = {Wartena, Christian and Heid, Ulrich},
  eventdate = {09.09.-12.09.2025},
  eventtitle = {KONVENS 2025},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_meth english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  pages = {177-191},
  publisher = {HsH Applied Academics },
  title = {Evaluating the Feasibility of Using ChatGPT for Cross-cultural Survey Translation},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/2025.konvens-1.16/},
  venue = {Hannover},
  year = 2025
}

@misc{gonthier2013toward,
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Toward a Liberal Mood? A Multilevel Analysis of Public Support for State in the European Union Between 1990 and 2008},
  year = 2013
}

@article{beugelsdijk2005differences,
  abstract = {Based on the extant literature, a newly developed index measuring social capital at the regional level in Europe is presented. It is shown that there are large regional differences on this social capital index. It was tested if higher scores on this social capital index correlate with higher levels of economic development and regional economic growth in 54 Western European regions. Though further research is required, these preliminary results suggest a positive relationship exists between social capital and regional economic development. The paper concludes with suggestions for future empirical research.},
  author = {Beugelsdijk, S. and Schaik, T van},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1053-1064},
  title = {Differences in social capital between 54 Western European regions},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2005
}

@article{lambert2004classe,
  abstract = {Since the articles by Pierre Bréchon, Sinisa Zrinscak et Chantal Saint-Blancat are so rich, I am simply going to add two things: (1) first, to discuss how and why differences of age or generation have come to have a dominant effect on religion from the end of the 1960s in Western and, a little later apparently, in Eastern Europe, and (2) to clarify present-day religious changes among young people.},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {249-254},
  title = {De La Classe Sociale à La Génération Comme Facteur Principal De Différenciation Des Attitudes Religieuses},
  url = {http://scp.sagepub.com/content/51/2/249.short},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2004
}

@article{dekker2005involvement,
  author = {Dekker, P. and Broek, A. vdn},
  issn = {17448689},
  journal = {Journal of Civil Society},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {45-59},
  title = {Involvement in voluntary associations in North America and Western Europe: Trends and correlates 1981-2000},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2005
}

@article{vermunt2007latent,
  abstract = {The authors illustrate how to perform maximum-likelihood estimation in latent class (LC) analysis when there are sampling weights. The methods are natural extensions of the approaches proposed by Clogg and Eliason (1987) and Magidson (1987) for dealing with sampling weights in the log-linear analysis of frequency tables. For the log-linear form of the LC model, the approach corresponds to a special case of Haberman's (1979) log-linear LC model with cell weights. This approach can also be applied to the probability formulation of the LC model with cell weights, which can accommodate many indicators. The authors propose an efficient estimation-maximization algorithm for estimating the parameters for this formulation. A small simulation study shows that the probability estimates obtained by this approach compare favorably to other weighting approaches. Several empirical examples are provided to illustrate various possible weighting methods in LC analysis.},
  author = {Vermunt, J K. and Magidson, J.},
  journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {87-111},
  title = {Latent class analysis with sampling weights - A maximum-likelihood approach},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{heunks1995political,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Heunks, Felix and Hikspoors, Frans},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {51-82},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Political Culture 1960-1990},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {/brokenurl#text available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=4IwmxueNR0QC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=Political+Culture+1960-1990&source=bl&ots=TFnFZAiphe&sig=qm1f_f8-nWTmrKzJLpz_ES-zLLc&hl=en&ei=rDgmSu-AG8KY-gbDxY3RDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6},
  year = 1995
}

@book{halman1991waarden,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9036195640},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 374,
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Waarden in de Westerse Wereld: Een Internationale Exploratie van de Waarden in de Westerse Samenleving (x- Values in the Western World. An International Exploration of the Values in Western Society)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1991
}

@book{abramsonpaulr1995value,
  abstract = {In this definitive work, Paul R. Abramson and Ronald Inglehart show that the gradual shift from Materialist values (such as the desire for freedom, self-expression, and the quality of life) is in all likelihood a global phenomenon. Value Change in Global Perspective analyzes the 1990-91 World Values Survey, conducted in 40 societies representing over 70 percent of the world's population. These surveys cover an unprecedentedly broad range of the economic and political spectrum, with data from low income countries (such as China, India, Mexico, and Nigeria), newly industrialized countries (such as South Korea), and former state-socialist countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. These data add significant new meaning to our understanding of attitude shifts throughout the world.Value Change in Global Perspective analyses over 30 years' worth of national surveys in European countries and presents the most comprehensive and nuanced discussion of this shift available. By paying special attention to the way generational replacement transforms values among mass publics, the authors are able to present a comprehensive analysis of the processes through which values change.Value Change in Global Perspective has been written to meet the needs of scholars and students alike. The use op percentage, percentage differences, and algebraic standardization procedures will make the results easy to understand and useful in courses in comparative politics and in public opinion.},
  address = {Ann Arbor},
  author = {{Abramson, Paul R.} and {Inglehart, Ronald}},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1838 ; ZA0626 ; ZA0628},
  isbn = {472065912},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 192,
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  study = {Eurobarometer},
  study-id = {EVS/WVS1981-1983 ; European Communities Study 1970 ; European Communities Study 1973},
  title = {Value Change in Global Perspective},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1995
}

@book{abela2000values,
  address = {Malta},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  isbn = {9990989044},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 328,
  publisher = {Commission for the Advancement of Women, Ministry for Social Policy},
  title = {Values of Women and Men in the Maltese Islands: A Comparative European Perspective},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://staff.um.edu.mt/aabe2/VWM.htm},
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{georgas2004families,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Georgas, James and Mylonas, Kostas and Gari, Aikaterini and Panagiotopoulou, Penny},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 7,
  pages = {167-204},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Families and Values in Europe},
  year = 2004
}

@article{arts1998roomschen,
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  issn = {380334},
  journal = {Sociologische Gids},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {192-197},
  title = {Waar zijn de 'roomschen' gebleven?},
  volume = {XLV},
  year = 1998
}

@article{gundelach2014impact,
  abstract = {This article studies secularization at the individual level in a «most similar approach» study of 13 Western European countries. Secularization is measured in two ways: as a decrease in Christian beliefs and as a decrease in the correlation between Christian beliefs and morality. In particular, the article scrutinizes the impact of two factors that are traditionally considered important for secularization: cohort and country. Based on data from the European Values Study, the article shows that the impact of cohort is primarily related to the individuals economic deprivation during his/her formative years. A sub-country regional analysis compares the impact of the country and denomination as social institutions and finds «within country» differences important in secularization and, in many cases, the impact of denomination as a social institution is identical in regions in different countries.},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  journal = {Nordic Journal of Religion and Society},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {131-150},
  title = {The impact of economic deprivation and regional differences on individual secularization in western Europe},
  url = {http://tapir.pdc.no/pdf/NJRS/2014/2014-02-3.pdf},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{jagodzinski1995religious,
  address = {Krakow},
  author = {Jagodzinski, Wolfgang},
  booktitle = {The Future of Religion East and West},
  editor = {Borowik, Irena and Jablosnki, Przemyslaw},
  isbn = {8385527281, 9788385527282},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {7-27},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  title = {Religious Pluralism in Western Europe},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{persson2023world,
  abstract = {Are the preferences of women and men unequally represented in public policies? This simple yet fundamental question has remained largely unexplored in the fast-growing fields of women’s representation and inequality in the opinion-policy link. Our study analyzes gender biases in policy representation using an original dataset covering 43 countries and four decades, with citizens’ preferences regarding more than 4,000 country-year policies linked to information about actual policy change. Our analysis reveals clear and robust evidence that women’s policy preferences are underrepresented compared to those of men. While this skew is fairly modest in terms of congruence, women’s representation is driven mostly by the high correlation of preferences with men. When there is disagreement, policy is more likely to align with men’s preferences. Our analyses further suggest that women’s substantive underrepresentation is mitigated in contexts with high levels of female descriptive representation and labor market participation. In sum, our study shows that gender inequality extends to the important realm of policy representation, but there is also meaningful variation in unequal representation across contexts.},
  author = {Persson, Mikael and Schakel, Wouter and Sundell, Anders},
  doi = {10.1017/S1537592723002049},
  issn = {15375927},
  journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {Eurobarometer ; EVS ; ISSP},
  number = 1,
  pages = {11-27},
  title = {A Man’s World? The Policy Representation of Women and Men in a Comparative Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592723002049},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kerkhofs1984westers,
  annotation = {november 1984},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Streven},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  title = {Westers Geloof in Reïncarnatie (x- Western Belief in Reincarnation)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{stoetzel1986europens,
  author = {Stoetzel, Jean},
  booktitle = {Démographie et Sociologie},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {109-119},
  title = {Les Européens: comment ils évaluent leur état de santé'},
  type = {Conference Proceedings},
  year = 1986
}

@incollection{titarenko2004gender,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Titarenko, Larissa},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 7,
  pages = {363-385},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Gender Attitudes Towards Religion in Six Post-Soviet States},
  year = 2004
}

@article{jagodzinski1995pluralizm,
  address = {Krákow},
  author = {Jagodzinski, Wolfgang},
  journal = {Instytut Religionznawsta, Kwartalnik Religionznwczy},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {5-26},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  title = {Pluralizm religijny w Europie Zachidniej},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 9,
  year = 1995
}

@book{carballodecilley1987pensamos,
  address = {Buenos Aires},
  author = {Carballo de Cilley, Marita},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Sadei},
  title = {Qué pensamos los argentinos? Los valores de los argentinos de nuestro tiempo},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1987
}

@article{baloban2000odreeni,
  abstract = {In analysing the phenomena of religiosity and ecclesiasticism, it is necessary to consider several theological and sociological distinctions. First, a difference must be made between external and internal Church membership and ecclesiasticism; second, between institutionalised religiosity (ecclesiasticism) and general or churchless religiosity. The boundaries between these forms are becoming increasingly diffuse, giving rise to phenomena such as Christianity à la carte, religious eclecticism and syncretism. Third, ecclesiasticism should be understood as a complex and dynamic relationship between the individual and the Church, shaped by social surroundings as well as institutional norms, and therefore subject to change while simultaneously influencing social reality. Fourth, ecclesiasticism is a multidimensional reality encompassing confessional membership, trust in the Church, religious truth, experiential and ritual dimensions, the dimension of being a Christian in society, and the moral-ethical dimension. Since the EVS-1999 focuses primarily on social values rather than exclusively Christian ones, an important crystallising component co-constitutive of ecclesiasticism is not fully captured. On the basis of confessional membership, Croatia belongs among predominantly Catholic countries such as Poland, Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal: 84.5% of respondents in EVS-1999 identified as Catholic, while 13.6% were unchurched or undeclared, findings corroborated by other national studies. A majority of the population (59.7%) expressed high confidence in the Church, though nearly 30% reported limited confidence and 7.4% none at all; this decline should be viewed within a broader context of decreasing trust in social institutions generally. Belief in God remains widespread, with 89.1% of the general population and 95% of Catholics affirming such belief, though acceptance of specific doctrines varies: among Catholics, 64.6% believe in life after death, 53.1% in Hell, 59% in Heaven, 71.8% in sin and 35.6% in telepathy. Participation in mass and adherence to religious truths are reciprocally related, as lower ritual participation corresponds with weaker doctrinal acceptance; nevertheless, 50% of non-churchgoers still believe in God, and significant minorities of regular churchgoers question belief in a personal God, while belief in reincarnation—especially among non-practising Catholics—suggests emerging syncretistic tendencies. Regarding the experiential dimension, prayer remains widespread, with 95% of self-declared religious individuals praying daily, though frequency correlates strongly with church attendance. Ritual participation overall reveals differentiation: 31% of the population are regular churchgoers, 18.8% periodical, 37.4% occasional and 11.9% non-churchgoers; gender differences exist but do not indicate pronounced feminisation, and higher education in the general population correlates with lower attendance. Generational patterns show especially high participation at age 12 and a notable decline among cohorts socialised under strong atheistic influences during communism. Concerning rites of passage, large majorities, including some atheists, desire religious ceremonies for birth, marriage and death, reflecting patterns similar to broader European trends. In the societal dimension, majorities do not consider personal religiosity essential for political office and reject clerical influence on voting behaviour, though over 42% favour more firmly religious individuals in public office, indicating an unresolved tension in the public expression of Christian identity. Overall, Croatia reflects broader European developments, including secularisation, modernisation and individualisation, processes that began during the communist period and have since accelerated. The coexistence of orthodox belief, selective doctrinal acceptance and openness to alternative spiritual elements indicates long-standing tendencies toward individualized religiosity and Christianity à la carte. Religious elements from diverse sources are spreading across society, accompanied by indications of neo-pagan, animistic and naturalist forms of spirituality, as well as an unarticulated spirituality that may or may not be linked to institutional religion. Ecclesiasticism is therefore no longer the sole framework shaping existential and spiritual identity in contemporary Croatian society.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip and Črpić, Gordan},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {257-290},
  title = {Određeni aspekti crkvenosti ( Aspects of Ecclesiasticism )},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49400},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@article{oconnell2023there,
  abstract = {For historical reasons, the vast majority of primary schools in the Republic of Ireland are under the patronage of the Catholic church. Patronage involves a number of responsibilities, including the provision of a Patron’s Programme. Traditionally in the form of Religious Education (RE), such programmes should satisfy the curricular requirement for religious/ethical education and act as an expression of school ethos. In order to meet this responsibility, the Irish Episcopal conference in 2015 published its first curriculum in Religious Education, which forms the basis for the Grow in Love programme for pupils from Junior Infants to Sixth Class in all Catholic primary schools. However, effective teaching and learning of RE is dependent on the ‘buy in’ of those teaching it. The religious beliefs, understandings, and practices of those teaching RE are influential in this regard. Drawing from the data of a large-scale, multi-phase study, this paper describes the religious identity and beliefs of first-year students entering an Initial Teacher Education programme in Ireland—in this case, the Bachelor of Education (BEd) degree—to qualify as primary-level teachers. It situates the data in the wider context of religious identity and beliefs in Ireland and goes on to explore how the religious profiles of these students fit with the required understanding, knowledge and ability to teach Religious Education in Catholic schools. Findings indicate that the majority of these students identify as Catholic and believe in God. For most, God is important in their lives. However, there is a complexity to these beliefs, with a significant number who do not know what to think. This paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the teaching of Religious Education and for the patrons of Catholic schools.},
  author = {O’Connell, Daniel and Harmon, Maurice and Meehan, Amalee},
  doi = {10.3390/rel14121467},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1-20},
  title = {Will There Be Teachers? An Analysis of the Congruence of Religious Beliefs of Initial Teacher Education Students and the Patron’s (Religious Education) Programme for Catholic Schools},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14121467},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@article{buehler2023would,
  abstract = {Under what conditions would citizens trust an ally’s nuclear umbrella? This study examines this question, using an original, nationally representative survey of 2,000 respondents from Morocco, a country with security partnerships with two nuclear-armed powers—the United States and France. Neither state has offered Morocco a security guarantee, nuclear or otherwise. Nonetheless, we find that a sizable minority of Moroccans—39 and 47 percent, respectively—trust that the United States or France would protect their country with a nuclear umbrella if it were threatened. This popular trust in future, hypothetical US and French nuclear umbrellas is unexpected, as anti-Westernism (especially anti-Americanism) pervades the Middle East and North Africa. Moreover, although traditional literature predicts that nationalists should distrust allies’ nuclear umbrellas, we find—counterintuitively—that they were actually more likely to trust them. This study suggests that existing literature may have overstated the link between nationalism and demands for nuclear sovereignty.},
  author = {Buehler, Matt and Banerjee, Arjun},
  doi = {10.1080/10736700.2023.2205299},
  issn = {10736700},
  journal = {The Nonproliferation Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = {4-6},
  pages = {267-287},
  title = {Who would trust a nuclear umbrella? Results from an original survey on public confidence in future nuclear guarantees in Morocco},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2023.2205299},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{galland2014frontires,
  author = {Galland, Olivier and Lemel, Yannick},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {241-261},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Les frontières de valeurs en Europe},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{beugelsdijk2003opening,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and Noorderhaven, Niels},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {95-117},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Opening the Black-box of Regional Culture. Entrepreneurial Attitude and Economic Growth in 54 European Regions},
  year = 2003
}

@article{dekker1998civil,
  abstract = {Involvement in voluntary associations is analyzed from the perspective of questions raised in the debate about civil society. After demarcating the concept of civil society in relation to the community, the market, and the state, expectations are formulated about the negative effects of modernization and individualization on volunteering and the positive effects of volunteering on social capital and public discourse. World Values 1990 data are used for inter and intranational analyses. Neither rankings of thirteen Western nations nor in-depth analyses of the U.S., the Netherlands, and Italy support worried reflections about the effects of modernization. The Idea that involvement in voluntary associations is conducive to social cohesion and political democracy finds empirical support. Both mere membership of an association and actual volunteering within such an association appear to be important in this respect.},
  author = {Dekker, P. and Broek, A van den},
  journal = {Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {11-38},
  title = {Civil Society in Comparative Perspective: Involvement in Voluntary Associations in North America and Western Europe},
  volume = 9,
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{vala1994emergencia,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Vala, Jorge},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227, 9788481120226},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {La emergencia de los valores post-materialistas en Portugal (x- The Emergence of Post-Materialist Values in Portugal)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{delooz1985preparing,
  author = {Delooz, P.},
  journal = {Lumen Vitae},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {393-403},
  title = {Preparing for Marriage: A Sociological Approach},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 40,
  year = 1985
}

@article{susanszky2023acceptance,
  abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, some governments took measures to restrict political liberties, claiming that these restrictions were necessary to contain the spread of the virus. In this study, we scrutinize differences in citizens’ willingness to accept three types of political restrictions: restricting the media, banning protests, and introducing extensive state surveillance. We focus on two European countries: Austria and Hungary. While we find that perceived health threats, political values, ideological orientation, and political trust are important predictors of accepting political restrictions, we also find that citizens differ in their willingness to support the three types of restrictions depending on whether the given measure affects them directly. We also find differences between Austria and Hungary concerning the way political trust and political values affect the acceptance of restrictions, which may be rooted in the larger polarization of Hungarian society. Furthermore, we observe that perceived health threats, political values, ideological orientation, and political trust are important predictors of accepting political restrictions.},
  author = {Susánszky, Pál and Kittel, Bernhard and Kopper, Ákos},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152231187196},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 3,
  pages = {335-354},
  title = {Acceptance of Political Restrictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Comparative Study of Austria and Hungary, the Manifestation of Political Polarization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231187196},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{bovenberg2003unity,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Bovenberg, Lans},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {403-419},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Unity Produces Diversity: The Economics of Europe's Social Capital},
  year = 2003
}

@article{yoo2023associations,
  abstract = {This study examined attitudes toward factors underpinning a successful marriage and their associations with marital satisfaction among married men and women in midlife. The sample comprised 201 married men and women aged between 40 and 59 living in Seoul, South Korea, and the data were collected by a self-report survey in 2019. Attitudes toward factors underpinning a successful marriage were measured using 12 items from the European Values Study Master Questionnaire 2008 and marital satisfaction was measured using three items from the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed in order to identify the factors deemed important for a successful marriage, as well as a t-test to explore gendered domains. Additionally, regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between attitudes toward factors underpinning a successful marriage and marital satisfaction. The results revealed two factors that were deemed important for a successful marriage: 'marital exchange based on conditions' and 'qualitative interaction based on sharing.' Women were more likely to believe that both factors were important for a successful marriage than men. The regression analysis revealed that 'qualitative interaction based on sharing' had a positive association with marital satisfaction, while 'marital exchange based on conditions' had a negative association with marital satisfaction, and also that these associations did not differ by gender. The findings imply that a successful marriage can be achieved when married partners make efforts to maintain their relationships through positive interactions and share intimacy in midlife.},
  author = {Yoo, Gyesook and Joo, Susanna and Park, Hayoung},
  doi = {10.6115/her.2023.015},
  issn = {29825725},
  journal = {Human Ecology Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  number = 2,
  pages = {219-231},
  title = {Associations between Attitudes toward Factors Underpinning a Successful Marriage and Marital Satisfaction among Married Men and Women in Midlife},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6115/her.2023.015},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2023
}

@book{halman2005atlas,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Luijkx, Ruud and Zundert, Marga van},
  isbn = {9004144609},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 140,
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {Atlas of European Values},
  year = 2005
}

@book{inglehart2003human,
  abstract = {This book presents findings based on a unique source of insight into the role of human values--the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey, covering 78 societies containing over 80 per cent of the world's population. The findings reveal large and coherent cross-national differences in what people want out of life. Four waves of surveys, from 1981 to 1999-2001, reveal the impact of changing values on societal phenomena. Evidence from eleven Islamic societies demonstrates that a distinctive Islamic culture exists-but the democratic ideal is endorsed overwhelmingly. Other analyses examine Gender Equality and Democracy; Corruption and Democracy; Social Capital in Vietnam; the Clash of Civilization; Political Satisfaction in Global Perspective; Trust in International Governance; and Israeli and South African values.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 286,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropoloy},
  title = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 2003
}

@article{abela1999values,
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {The Sunday Times},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  month = {November},
  title = {Values 2000: 4. Quality of Life, Social Problems, European Union},
  type = {Newspaper Article},
  year = 1999
}

@article{chauvel1993valeurs,
  author = {Chauvel, L.},
  journal = {Observation et diagnostic economique},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {Les Valeurs en Europe (x- Values in Europe)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 43,
  year = 1993
}

@article{rabusic2000hodnota,
  address = {Praha},
  author = {Rabušic, Ladislav},
  issn = {118265},
  journal = {Demografie},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {286-290},
  publisher = {Pedo},
  title = {Hodnota dítěte (Value of Children)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://is.muni.cz/publikace/publikace_simple.pl?fakulta=1423;id=344152},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2000
}

@article{mandes2013reject,
  abstract = {Given measures of religious belief and participation, young adults in Poland are becoming increasingly disengaged from the Catholic Church. Broad theories of secularisation are less useful for making sense of this trend than an analysis of the role of Catholicism in Polish society in the twentieth century, which demonstrates the ways in which forms of belief are contingent upon wider social and political transformations. This article argues that, since 1989, attempts by the Catholic Church in Poland to influence public life through conservative social and political interventions have alienated young people who are looking for religious resources with which to make sense of their lives in a rapidly changing social milieu. Alongside disengagement from conservative, propositional forms of Catholic truth and rejection of direct authority, young people still possess "religious capital" and look upon religious ideas to orientate their personal lives. However, disaffection from the propositional truths offered by the Church and disengagement from rituals and practices of "folk Catholicism" at the level of the family and local parish have not led to widespread expressions of atheism among young people. Instead, there is a sacralisation of everyday life and there are attempts to use "religious capital" to help young people make choices for life. The reconfigured "religious capital" is often expressed through diffuse Catholic symbols and sentiment as well as the periodic use of major religious festivals as a means of finding access to some form of collective religious experience. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of these changes for the future religious landscape of Polish society.},
  author = {Mandes, Sławomir and Rogaczewska, Maria},
  doi = {10.1080/13537903.2013.783338},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {259-276},
  title = {"I don't reject the Catholic Church - the Catholic Church rejects me": How Twenty- and Thirty-somethings in Poland Re-evaluate their Religion},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13537903.2013.783338#.U6bdpfl_vuI},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2013
}

@article{dotter2025sharing,
  abstract = {Background: Increased use of health data has the potential to improve both health care and health policies. Several recent policy initiatives at the European and German legislative levels aim to increase the primary and secondary use of health data. However, little is known about general population views on health data access for research. Most studies are based on subsets defined by specific illnesses. Methods: We commissioned a national computer-assisted dual-frame telephone survey (landline and mobile). Logit estimation models were used to identify predictors of willingness to provide access to health data to different organizations (universities in Germany, universities worldwide, German government organizations, pharmaceutical companies). Results: A high willingness to share health data for research purposes is observed, depending on the specific data recipient. The willingness is highest for research at universities in Germany and German governmental organizations, and lowest regarding research by pharmaceutical companies. The main drivers for sharing health data are the level of trust in public institutions, the respondents’ assessment of the seriousness and likelihood of data misuse, and the level of digital literacy. Age, gender, and level of education have small effects and do not determine the willingness to share health data for all organizations. Conclusion: We present evidence from a random sample of the German population. The results indicate widespread support among the population for providing access to health data for research purposes. Similar to findings in other countries, the willingness depends strongly on the recipient of the data. This paper evaluates the impact of various determinants – identified in previous qualitative and quantitative research – on the willingness of the German population to share health data. While previous studies have found that patients are generally more willing to share health data, we found that the presence of a medical precondition does not translate into respondents’ unequivocal support for health data sharing. We identify privacy concerns, general trust, and digital literacy as key factors influencing the willingness to share health data. Therefore, policymakers and stakeholders need to ensure and communicate the necessary privacy protection measures to increase the willingness of the German population to share health data.},
  author = {Dotter, Caroline and Haug, Sonja and Schnell, Rainer and Raptis, Georgios and Weber, Karsten},
  doi = {10.1186/s12913-025-12706-9},
  journal = {BMC Health Services Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.11753 ; 10.4232/1.14023},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4614 v1.1.1 ; ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  m-study-id = {ALLBUS2012 ; Joint EVS /WVS. 2017–2022},
  number = 699,
  pages = {1-9},
  title = {Sharing health data for research purposes: results of a population survey in Germany},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12706-9},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2025
}

@article{oorschot2009welfare,
  abstract = {In this paper we theoretically and empirically explore the question whether the unequal distribution of different aspects of social capital (networks, trust, norms) over a number of social dimensions (gender, age, income, employment status, and educational level) is smaller in countries with more developed welfare systems. Ourdata cover 13 Western industrialised countries and two periods in time (1981, 1999). The paper adds to the existing literature in several ways: by focusing explicitly on the empirical study of social capital inequality, by relating this subject to (quantitativeand qualitative) welfare state characteristics, and by studying it from a cross-national and longitudinal perspective. We find that in the sample of countries analysed there is no clear relationship between social capital inequality and welfare state characteristics. However, whether generally welfare states do not reduce socialcapital inequalities remains an issue for future research.},
  author = {Oorschot, W van and Finsveen, E.},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {189-210},
  title = {The Welfare State and Social Capital Inequality: An Empirical Exploration Using Longitudinal European/World Values Study Data from 13 Western Welfare States},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2009
}

@incollection{baloban2000brine,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  booktitle = {Izazovi civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj},
  editor = {Baloban, Stjepan},
  isbn = {953671003x},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {135-160},
  publisher = {Centar za promicanje SNC; Kršćanska sadašnjost},
  title = {Brine li se Crkva za suvremenu obitelj (Does Church Provide Family Support)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{inglehart1999trust,
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Democracy and Trust},
  editor = {Warren, M E.},
  isbn = {9780521640831, 0521640830},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {88-120},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study = {Eurobarometer ; Wertestudie (EVS, WVS)},
  title = {Trust, Well-Being and Democracy},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521640830},
  year = 1999
}

@article{abela1999values,
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {The Sunday Times},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  month = {November},
  title = {Values 2000: 2. Work, Poverty and Social Solidarity},
  type = {Newspaper Article},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{gundelach1994returno,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter and Riis, Ole},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {619-638},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {El returno al familismo?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{kerkhofs1992point,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Concilium 1992},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {97-107},
  title = {A quel point l'Europe est-elle religieuse?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 240,
  year = 1992
}

@misc{bartolini2014economy,
  author = {Bartolini, Stefano and Sarracino, Francesco},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {It's not the economy, stupid! How social capital and GDP relate to happiness over time},
  year = 2014
}

@article{torgler2012justifiability,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the relationship between voluntary participation in environmental organisations and the justifiability of littering behaviour. Previous empirical work regarding determinants of littering and littering behaviour remains scarce, particularly in socio-economic analysis. We address these deficiencies, demonstrating a strong empirical link between environmental participation and reduced public littering in the European Values Survey (EVS) data for 30 Western and Eastern European countries. The results suggest that membership in environmental organisations is related to a stronger commitment to anti-littering behaviour, thereby supporting improved environmental quality.},
  author = {Torgler, Benno and Garcia-Valinas, M A and Macintyre, Alison},
  journal = {Environmental Values},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {209-231},
  title = {Justifiability of Littering: An Empirical Investigation},
  url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/whp/ev/2012/00000021/00000002/art00008},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2012
}

@article{slenders2014tolerance,
  abstract = {This study aims to explain variation in the level of tolerance towards homosexuality between European countries. Results of multi-level regression analyses on 40 countries from the 2008 wave of the European Values Study show that countries economic affluence and laws on same-sex unions are positively associated with individuals tolerance towards homosexuality. An additional exercise suggests that the association between laws and attitudes may be the result of two-way causality; legislation seems to both shape and reflect levels of tolerance towards homosexuality. The study finds no independent association between tolerance and the level of religiosity in a country and refutes the hypothesis that high numbers of diagnosed HIV cases resulting from sex between men are negatively related to tolerance towards homosexuality in Europe.},
  author = {Slenders, Suzanne and Sieben, Inge and Vebakel, Ellen},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {348-367},
  title = {Tolerance towards homosexuality in Europe: Population composition, economic affluence, religiosity, same-sex union legislation and HIV rates as explanations for country differences},
  url = {http://iss.sagepub.com/content/29/4/348.short},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2014
}

@article{jo2011between,
  abstract = {Summary In spite of the recent increasing attention on culture within welfare studies, empirical evidence of the impact of culture on social policy still appears to be rare. This article argues that culture has been conceptualized either too abstractly in studies of the cultural foundations of welfare or too concretely in the welfare attitudes approach to examine the causal impact of culture on social policy empirically. Instead, it is suggested that an in-between level conception of culture, as the stable cultural context for policy-making, is more fruitful for the cultural analysis of welfare both theoretically and empirically. In an attempt to support this with an empirical analysis across about 20 welfare states, using data from all three waves of the European Values Study and other sources, it is found that the stable cultural context (culture) matters substantially in the popular perception of the cause of poverty (public opinion) and in budgetary allocation to welfare support for unemployment (welfare policy decision).},
  author = {Jo, Nam},
  journal = {Journal of European Social Policy},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {5-19},
  title = {Between the cultural foundations of welfare and welfare attitudes: The possibility of an in-between level conception of culture for the cultural analysis of welfare},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2011
}

@inproceedings{voas2013religious,
  author = {Voas, David and Storm, Ingrid},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the EUREL Conference 'Religion and territory'},
  editor = {Zwilling, Anne-Laure},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  title = {Religious and secular morality across Europe},
  url = {http://www.eurel.info/IMG/pdf/voas-storm.pdf},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{orizo1997orientaciones,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Orizo, A Francisco},
  booktitle = {Tendencias de futuro en la sociedad española},
  editor = {Tezanos Tortajada, J Felix and Montero, J Manu},
  isbn = {8486497345},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {389-442},
  publisher = {Edit. Sistema},
  title = {Orientaciones en los Sistemas de Valores de los Españoles},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{merklpeterh1988comparing,
  address = {Boulder},
  author = {{Merkl, Peter H.}},
  booktitle = {Comparing Pluralist Democracies: Strains on Legitimacy},
  editor = {Dogan, Mattei},
  isbn = {813304512},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {19-64},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  study = {Eurobarometer},
  title = {Comparing Legitimacy and Values Among Advanced Democratic Countries},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1988
}

@incollection{medrano1996western,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Medrano, J Diez},
  booktitle = {Political Value Change in Western Democracies},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {103-122},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Does Western Europe Stop at the Pyrenees?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@article{liu2024croatian,
  abstract = {Research posits that immigrants view the police in the host countries more positively, especially when their experiences with the homeland police are unpleasant. However, empirical research often focuses on immigrants of color in White-dominant countries with drastically different cultures from their own. Using survey data of the first-generation Croatian immigrants in Germany (N = 274) and Ireland (N = 219), our research looks at how Croatian immigrants in two geopolitically adjacent countries perceive the police in both their homeland and current countries of residence. We find that police integrity factors have the greatest impact on immigrants’ trust in the police; namely, perceived corruption with the police consistently erodes Croatian immigrants’ trust in the police across contexts. The nature of immigrants’ previous contact with the police also helps determine their trust in the police in their host countries. Finally, transnational migration factors only have a conditional effect on the outcome.},
  author = {Liu, Yang Vincent and Ivković, Sanja Kutnjak and Vinogradac, Valentina Pavlović},
  doi = {10.1093/police/paae105},
  issn = {1752-4520},
  journal = {Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  pages = {1-13},
  title = {Croatian immigrants’ trust in the police in Croatia and abroad: The roles of police integrity and transnational migration factors},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paae105},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2024
}

@article{witte2003arbeidsorientaties,
  author = {Witte, H. de and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Gelissen, J.P.T.M.},
  issn = {1692216},
  journal = {Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {172-186},
  title = {Arbeidsorientaties in Europa aan het einde van de twintigste eeuw. Een multi level-analyse met individuele en contextkenmerken},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2003
}

@article{pitlik2013interrelation,
  abstract = {This paper addresses empirically determinants of individual support for the Welfare State. We examine the interrelation of informal institutions with the perceived quality of a country's institutional framework. As a proxy for informal institutions, we concentrate on three core beliefs (trust in other people, perceived control over one's own life, and religiousness) which reflect different aspects of the way people feel about internal and external constraints in managing their own lives. To analyze preferences we follow a comprehensive concept of the Welfare State, measuring attitudes toward its two basic roles, (income) redistribution and government intervention. For this purpose the paper uses survey data from the World Values Survey/European Values Study as well as different indicators for governance quality. Our results indicate that people who interpret their life course as being not at their own disposition report a substantially more positive attitude toward income qualization and government interventions. A higher quality of public administration and low confidence in major private companies amplify preferences for redistribution and intervention of people under such an external locus of control. Social trust is generally associated with higher support for redistribution and government intervention only if perceived quality of administration is high and confidence in companies is low. People who assert themselves as religious are less favorable toward income equalization. While variation in administration quality does not appear to have an impact on the relationship between religiousness and income equalization preferences, religious people are substantially less supportive of redistribution and government intervention especially if confidence in major companies is high.},
  author = {Pitlik, Hans and Kouba, Ludek},
  journal = {WWWforEurope},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 38,
  pages = 73,
  title = {The interrelation of informal institutions and governance quality in shaping Welfare State attitudes},
  url = {http://www.foreurope.eu/fileadmin/documents/pdf/Workingpapers/WWWforEurope_WPS_no038_MS22.pdf},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{esmer2003there,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Esmer, Yilmaz},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {35-68},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Is There an Islamic Civilization?},
  year = 2003
}

@article{konig2023forms,
  abstract = {In the past decades, numerous publications have been addressing questions of national and European Identity on the micro level. Only few shed light on the contents that constitute these identities in the minds of Europeans. As different meanings of national and European identity are connected to different consequences such as hostile attitudes toward immigrants or Euroskepticism, reviewing attempts to measure these contents in existing cross-national surveys seems to be promising. This research note summarizes relevant literature on whether and which different forms of national and European identity have been found empirically, which specific contents constitute them, and which determinants and consequences of them are relevant. By comparing articles relying on cross-national survey data since 1995, it will be shown that the field of forms of national and European identity involves different operationalizations and numerous methodological concerns. This leads to considerations for further research in the field.},
  author = {König, Philipp},
  doi = {10.1017/nps.2023.66},
  issn = {00905992},
  journal = {Nationalities Papers},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA2880 ; ZA3910 ; ZA5950},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013},
  pages = {1-28},
  title = {Forms of National and European Identity: A Research Note Reviewing Literature of Cross-National Studies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2023.66},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{kankaras2010testing,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Kankaraš, M. and Moors, G. and Vermunt, J.},
  booktitle = {Cross-Cultural Analysis: Methods and Applications},
  editor = {Davidov, E. and Schmidt, P. and Billiet, J.},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {359-384},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Testing for Measurement Invariance with Latent Class Analysis},
  year = 2010
}

@article{ester1993yuppies,
  abstract = {According to the media and to marketing entrepreneurs, as well as to various political observers, yuppies (young urban professionals) are believed to be vanguards in cultural and political change of the 1980s. The pseudo-scholarly perception suggests that yuppies display a unique combination of social-ethical liberalism and social-economic conservatism and, in addition, are distinguishable by a low level of political engagement and a strong emphasis on lifestyle distinctiveness. A cross-cultural analysis of survey data from seven countries indicates that although yuppies tend to hold liberal social and ethical views,there is no evidence for their conservatism on economic matters, abstinence from political engagement or emphasis on lifestyle distinctiveness. Furthermore, the analysis provides no evidence that yuppies form part of a broader category of young left-wing professionals constituting the "new class" of the 1990s. In a final analysis the idea of a syndrome of distinctive yuppie attitudes is rejected for the seven countries.},
  author = {Ester, P. and Vinken, H.},
  journal = {Political Psychology},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {667-696},
  title = {Yuppies in cross-national perspective: Is there evidence of a yuppie value syndrome?},
  volume = 14,
  year = 1993
}

@article{sa2013influence,
  abstract = {Tax morale has been recognized as the key to understand the levels of compliance achieved in most countries. We applied a structural equation model (SEM) to gain a better understanding about the factors shaping tax morale of Portuguese taxpayers. Our purpose was to analyse through SEM the direct effects of political democratic system, political participation, religiosity, individual satisfaction, trust in others and institutional trust on tax morale. SEM of tax morale allowed us to analyse the impact of demographic variables and risk aversion as determinants of tax morale through the use of multi-group analysis of structural invariance of SME developed. A sample of 1,553 Portuguese individuals representative of Portuguese population obtained from European Values Study (EVS, 2010)was used. The results confirmed that Portuguese taxpayers ? tax morale is influenced by taxpayers trust on institutions like government, parliament and the judicial system, by political articipation and by the belief that democracy is a good political system for governing the country. Tax morale is also influenced by individual ?s satisfaction, by religiosity and by societal behaviour (trust in others).},
  author = {Sá, Cristina and Martins, António and Gomes, Carlos},
  issn = {2147-6284},
  journal = {European Journal of Research on Education},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {82-93},
  title = {The influence of demographic factors and risk aversion on tax morale: A multi-group analysis},
  url = {http://iassr.org/rs/020209.pdf},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2013
}

@article{brechon1994politique,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Panoramiques},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {137-141},
  title = {Haro sur la politique? Se métier des comparisons nostalgique},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 4,
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{pettersson1994individualizacin,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de Cambio en los Valores sociales y politicos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {483-498},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Individualización, secularizacón y cambio de valor moral en la Escandinavia contemporánea (Individualization, Secularisation and Moral Value Change in Contemporary Scandinavia)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@book{vogt1988politiske,
  address = {Oslo},
  author = {Vogt, Gunnar},
  isbn = {8257036102, 9788257036102},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Universitetet i Oslo},
  title = {Politiske verdier og partisystemer: En komparativ undersøkelse av Danmark og Norge},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1988
}

@article{cule2013corporate,
  abstract = {The results from a cross-country empirical analysis show that corporate governance and ethics are linked to national scores of subjective well-being. This impact is over and above the effect that corporate governance has on national income, suggesting that people value corporate governance for additional reasons besides its economic impact.},
  author = {Çule, Monika and Fulton, M E.},
  doi = {10.1080/13504851.2012.705424},
  journal = {Applied Economics Letters},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {364-367},
  title = {Corporate governance and subjective well-being},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13504851.2012.705424#.VDBa7BZ1VOJ},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{bozonnet2014lcocentrisme,
  author = {Bozonnet, Jean-Paul},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {89-104},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {L'écocentrisme en Europe: une mise en récit de la nature, post-industrielle et post-religieuse},
  year = 2014
}

@article{halman1998nieuwe,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  issn = {9211896},
  journal = {Gids voor Personeelsmanagement},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 5,
  pages = {39-43},
  title = {De nieuwe werknemer: fictie of feit?},
  volume = 77,
  year = 1998
}

@article{kaase1999interpersonal,
  abstract = {Trust is a core concept in the continuing political science discourse on social capital and its meaning for democracy. In this article, the relationship between interpersonal trust, trust in political institutions and non-institutionalised legal political participation is analysed based on data from the Eurobarometer surveys and the European/World Values Studies. The statistical relationship between interpersonal trust and political trust in nine European countries is found to be small, though generally positive. Thus, interpersonal trust cannot be regarded as an important antecedent or consequence of political trust. A different picture emerges regarding the relationship between political trust and legal non-institutionalised participation: the lower political trust the higher the probability of engaging in direct action. Finally, a positive relationship between interpersonal trust and direct action is found, thereby pointing to trust as a precondition or consequence of non-institutionalised political involvement. In sum, it appears that it is worthwhile to further pursue the study of social capital in the context of democratic politics.},
  author = {Kaase, M.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3779 ; ZA4438},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {English},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-21},
  study = {EVS1990 ; Eurobarometer},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Interpersonal trust, political trust and non-institutionalised political participation in Western Europe},
  volume = 22,
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{jasinskakania2000poland,
  address = {Aldershot},
  author = {Jasinska-Kania, Aleksandra},
  booktitle = {European Nations and Nationalism, Theoretical and Historical Perspectives},
  editor = {Hagendoorn, Louk and Csepeli, Gyorgy and Dekker, Henk and Farnen, Russell},
  isbn = {0754611361, 9780754611363},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {281-306},
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  title = {Poland: The 'Christ' of Nations},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2000
}

@techreport{humpert2013satisfaction,
  abstract = {Recent studies on life satisfaction or well-being focus on transition countries. These countries are the Central Eastern European and Baltic states (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The half of the CEE countries are meanwhile members of the European Union (EU). Using the year 2008 of the European Values Study 2010 (EVS), I use simple OLS regressions for life satisfaction, as well as satisfaction with government and the job. Individual characteristics are in line with global well-being results. I find no evidence that Eastern European EU member countries behave different then other transition countries. But there are a some differences between the countries concerning governmental quality and job satisfaction.},
  address = {München},
  author = {Humpert, Stephan},
  institution = {Universität München},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english techreport},
  number = 45449,
  pages = 16,
  series = {MPRA Paper},
  title = {A note on satisfaction with life, government and job: The case of Eastern Europe},
  url = {http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45449/},
  year = 2013
}

@book{dekker2003value,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Dekker, P. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  isbn = {306477378},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 226,
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Press/ Plenum Publishers},
  title = {The value of volunteering. Cross-cultural perspectives},
  year = 2003
}

@techreport{hoskins2012participatory,
  address = {Brussels},
  author = {Hoskins, Bryony and Kerr, David and Abs, H J. and Janmaat, J Germen and Morrison, Jo and Ridley, Rebecca and Sizmur, Juliet},
  institution = {European Commission},
  isbn = {9780854329380},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  number = 2,
  pages = 103,
  series = {Europe for Citizens Programme},
  title = {Participatory citizenship in the European Union Institute of Education},
  url = {http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/351211/1/__soton.ac.uk_ude_PersonalFiles_Users_aw2w07_mydocuments_Hoskins_Report%202%20analytic.pdf},
  year = 2012
}

@book{davie2002europe,
  abstract = {Europeans are prone to think that what happens in Europe today will happen elsewhere in the world tomorrow. Hence their conviction that as the world modernizes, it will necessarily secularize. But quite simply this hasn't happened. Grace Davie considers, for example, the situation in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa and the United States where, despite modernization, there is scant evidence for secularization She shows that European religion is not a model for export; it is something distinct, peculiar to the European corner of the world and needs to be understood in these terms.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Davie, Grace},
  isbn = {232524254},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 180,
  publisher = {Darton, Longman and Todd Ltd},
  title = {Europe: The Exceptional Case. Parameters of Faith in the Modern World},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2002
}

@article{moniz2023secularization,
  abstract = {This paper explores the timeliness and relevance of secularization theories in Europe. It seeks to understand how the classical theories of secularization&mdash;rationalization, societalization, functional differentiation, and existential security&mdash;and their theoretical innovations&mdash;namely, cultural diversity&mdash;help describe religious phenomena in a specific set of European countries&mdash;Austria, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain. In this context, cultural diversity shows the strongest negative correlation with religiosity. These findings arise from the correlation between the different theories of secularization, the independent variables, and an index of religiosity, the dependent variable. Cultural diversity, as a good predictor to explain secularization in Europe, shows how contact with different religious and non-religious worldviews enhances a mutual fragilization that can lead individuals from uncertainty to the rejection of religious beliefs.},
  author = {Moniz, Jorge B.},
  doi = {10.3390/rel14030423},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-11},
  title = {Secularization in Europe: Causes, Consequences, and Cultural Diversity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14030423},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@book{heise2023gewissensinterpretationen,
  abstract = {Für die Sozialwissenschaften erscheint das Gewissen als hilfreiches Erklärungskonzept, weil es das Zusammenspiel von Emotionen, moralischen Standards und Prozessen der Selbstreflexion betont. Allerdings illustriert diese große Bandbreite an Phänomenen ebenso die Schwierigkeiten darin, das Gewissen auf theoretisch überzeugende Weise als ein empirisches Konzept abzugrenzen. Unter Rückgriff auf begriffsgeschichtliche Eckpunkte und kognitionstheoretische Ansätze postuliert der Autor, dass individuelle Gewissensinterpretationen zusammenhängende, proximale Konstituenten moralischer Bindungen darstellen und sie in diesem Sinne indikativ sind für die individuelle Verankerung von Moral. Die vorgeschlagene Operationalisierung autonomer und heteronomer Formen moralischer Bindungen, die induktiv auf der Grundlage typenbildender statistischer Verfahren entwickelt wird, bildet einen Kompromiss, der einerseits versucht, eine simplifizierende Dichotomie zwischen autonomen und heteronomen Formen moralischer Bindungen zu vermeiden, dabei aber gleichzeitig die Komplexität reduziert, in der sich Gewissenserfahrungen im Alltag bemerkbar machen. Das Verfahren der latenten Profilanalyse erlaubt entsprechende Zusammenhangsanalysen zwischen verschiedenen Gewissenstypen und sozialpsychologischen Konzepten im Rahmen eines integrierten, statistischen Modells.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Heise, Marcus},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-41001-8},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth book german},
  language = {german},
  m-study = {EVS ; ISSP ; ALLBUS},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  title = {Gewissensinterpretationen im Alltag: Möglichkeiten für eine Operationalisierung autonomer und heteronomer Formen moralischer Bindungen},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41001-8},
  year = 2023
}

@article{cohen2006european,
  abstract = {In many European countries, the last decade has been marked by an increasing debate about the acceptability and regulation of euthanasia and other end-of-life decisions in medical practice. Growing public sensibility to a [`]right to die' for terminally ill patients has been one of the main constituents of these debates. Within this context, we sought to describe and compare acceptance of euthanasia among the general public in 33 European countries. We used the European Values Study data of 1999-2000 with a total of 41 125 respondents (63% response rate) in 33 European countries. The main outcome measure concerned the acceptance of euthanasia (defined as [`]terminating the life of the incurably sick', rated on a scale from 1 to 10). Results showed that the acceptance of euthanasia tended to be high in some countries (e.g. the Netherlands, Denmark, France, Sweden), while a markedly low acceptance was found in others (e.g. Romania, Malta and Turkey). A multivariate ordinal regression showed that weaker religious belief was the most important factor associated with a higher acceptance; however, there were also socio-demographic differences: younger cohorts, people from non-manual social classes, and people with a higher educational level tended to have a higher acceptance of euthanasia. While religious belief, socio-demographic factors, and also moral values (i.e. the belief in the right to self-determination) could largely explain the differences between countries, our findings suggest that perceptions regarding euthanasia are probably also influenced by national traditions and history (e.g. Germany). Thus, we demonstrated clear cross-national differences with regard to the acceptance of euthanasia, which can serve as an important basis for further debate and research in the specific countries.},
  author = {Cohen, J. and Marcoux, I. and Bilsen, J. and Deboosere, P. and Wal, G van der and Deliens, L.},
  journal = {Social Science & Medicine},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {743-756},
  title = {European public acceptance of euthanasia: Socio-demographic and cultural factors associated with the acceptance of euthanasia in 33 European countries},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2006
}

@article{inglehart2000modernization,
  abstract = {Modernization theorists from Karl Marx to Daniel Bell have argued that economic development brings pervasive cultural changes. But others, from Max Weber to Samuel Huntington, have claimed that cultural values are an enduring and autonomous influence on society. We test the thesis that economic development is linked with systematic changes in basic values. Using data from the three waves of the World Values Surveys, which include 65 societies and 75 percent of the world's population, we find evidence of both massive cultural change and the persistence of distinctive cultural traditions. Economic development is associated with shifts away from absolute norms and values toward values that are increasingly rational, tolerant, trusting, and participatory. Cultural change, however is path dependent. The broad cultural heritage of a society-Protestant, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Confucian, or Communist-leaves an imprint on values that endures despite modernization. Moreover the differences between the values held by members of different religions within given societies are much smaller than are cross-national differences. Once established, such cross-cultural differences become part of a national culture transmitted by educational institutions and mass media. We conclude with some proposed revisions of modernization theory.},
  author = {Inglehart, R. and Baker, W E.},
  journal = {American Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {19-51},
  title = {Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{orizo1996dinamica,
  address = {Bilbao},
  author = {Orizo, A Francisco},
  booktitle = {Vita Cotidiana y Nuevas Generaciones},
  editor = {Ruiz Olabuénaga, Ignacio},
  isbn = {8474854318},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {65-88},
  publisher = {Facultad de CCPP y Sociología. lll Jornados de Sociología.},
  title = {Dinamica intergeneracional en el cambio de los valores y estilos de vida},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@article{pettersson1991religion,
  abstract = {Criminological and sociological theory have long assumed a negative relationship between religion and criminality, especially in secularized contexts and when the religious norms differ from the norms of secular society. The 1981 European Values Systems Study data for Sweden, which covered secularization and moral values among the churched and unchurched, suggest a negative structural relationship between the religious factor, on the one hand, and the rates for violent crimes and crimes related to the abuse of alcohol, on the other hand. However, no structural relationships were expected for property crimes, moral offenses, or drug-related crimes. Multiple regression analyses of ecological criminal statistics, church statistics, and census data for 118 Swedish police districts showed a differentiated structural religion-crime relationship, well compatible with the assumed pattern.},
  author = {Pettersson, T.},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {279-291},
  title = {Religion And Criminality - Structural Relationships Between Church Involvement And Crime Rates In Contemporary Sweden},
  volume = 30,
  year = 1991
}

@article{ekici2014determines,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes the effects of different dimensions of religiosity and trust on religious and racial prejudice in Europe. The sample is based on 37 European countries that are current or potential members of the European Union (EU). Using multi-level logistic regression modeling and the latest wave from the European Values Study data, we test the effects of both individual and country-level variables. Our results suggest that religious particularism is correlated with more religious and racial prejudice. Doctrinal belief and individual spirituality are both correlated with less religious prejudice only. Nonreligious individuals have the highest religious prejudice compared to members of religious denominations. Individual and country-level generalized trust, as well as trust in the EU, are all negatively correlated with religious and racial prejudice.},
  author = {Ekici, Tufan and Yucel, Deniz},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {105-133},
  title = {What Determines Religious and Racial Prejudice in Europe? The Effects of Religiosity and Trust},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-014-0674-y},
  volume = 122,
  year = 2014
}

@article{dogan1994decline,
  abstract = {The argument that 1 sustain here can be formulated in a few words. The western European countries, having achieved their national integration a long time ago, find themselves today in a postnationalistic phase, aspiring to supranational cooperation as a consequence of their profound processes of economic, social, cultural, and political interpenetration. In each western European country the nationalistic attitude toward other western European countries is in a phase of erosion, in the sense that the trait no longer appears as a basic characteristic of the civic culture. Nationalism is still the most significant basic political value in the contemporary world, but not in western Europe.},
  annotation = {April 1994},
  author = {Dogan, Mattei},
  journal = {Comparative Politics},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {281-305},
  title = {The Decline of Nationalism Within Western Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 26,
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{voicu2004family,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Voicu, Madalina},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 7,
  pages = {231-254},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Work and Family Life in Europe: Value Patterns and Policy Making},
  year = 2004
}

@article{gesthuizen2011preferences,
  abstract = {In this article we answered the research question to what extentvariation in extrinsic and intrinsic job preference orientations can beattributed to and explained by differences between individuals and betweencountries. We argued that socialization in school, economic deprivation, andjob quality influence job preferences, and formulated testable hypotheses onthe individual and country level. After first testing for cross-nationalequivalence of the latent constructs and assuring that factor solutions weresatisfactory, we employed multiple response multilevel models on a subset of22 countries in the European Values Study 1999/2000. The findings indicatethat higher educational attainment, a high income, working in managerialand higher professional jobs, and having autonomy in one's job stimulateintrinsic job preference orientations, while particularly educationalattainment and autonomy temper extrinsic work values. Workers in semi- andunskilled manual jobs have the highest extrinsic job preferences. On top ofindividual characteristics, living in a nation that invests much in humancapital or has a high quality labour market is associated with lower levels ofextrinsic job preferences. Moreover, countries with socio-economic featuresthat reduce the risk of economic deprivation have a more intrinsicallymotivated workforce.},
  author = {Gesthuizen, Maurice and Verbakel, Ellen},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 5,
  pages = {663-686},
  title = {Job preferences in Europe: Tests for scale invariance and examining cross-national variation using EVS},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2011
}

@inproceedings{vanschaik2002social,
  address = {London},
  author = {van Schaik, Ton},
  booktitle = {OECD-ONS International Conference on Social Capital Measurement London, September 25-27, 2002},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = 23,
  title = {Social Capital in the European Values Study Surveys},
  url = {http://www.afsp.msh-paris.fr/publi/banques/evssocialcapital2002.pdf},
  year = 2002
}

@book{elzo1994jvenes,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Elzo, Javier and Orizo, F Andrés and González-Blasco, P. and Del Valle, A I.},
  isbn = {843484432X},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {fundación Santa María},
  title = {Jóvenes Españoles 1994},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1994
}

@article{hayry2003european,
  abstract = {Are there distinctly European values in bioethics, and if there are, what are they? Some Continental philosophers have argued that the principles of dignity, precaution, and solidarity reflect the European ethos better than the liberal concepts of autonomy, harm, and justice. These principles, so the argument goes, elevate prudence over hedonism, communality over individualism, and moral sense over pragmatism. Contrary to what their proponents often believe, however, dignity, precaution, and solidarity can be interpreted in many ways, and it is not clear which reading would, or should, be favored by popular opinion. It is therefore dangerous to think that any one understanding of "European", or any other, values could be legitimately imposed on those who have different ideas about morality in health care and related fields. Bioethical principles should be employed to promote discussion, not to suppress it.},
  author = {Häyry, M.},
  journal = {Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {199-214},
  title = {European values in bioethics: Why, what, and how to be used?},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2003
}

@article{mannion2024exploring,
  abstract = {This study explored the relationships between psychological wellbeing, religiosity and religious coping amongst adolescent students attending post-primary schools in Ireland. The current paper reports on the quantitative data and findings arising from a mixed-methods study. Participants were post-primary school students (N=110) aged between 15 and 19 years, who completed online questionnaires measuring their psychological wellbeing, religiosity and religious coping. Correlation, comparative and regression analyses using SPSS were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that religiosity was not significantly correlated with psychological wellbeing; however, religious beliefs were a predictor of enhanced psychological wellbeing amongst theist participants. Positive religious coping methods were associated with enhanced purpose in life. Conversely, use of negative religious coping mechanisms was linked to lower levels of overall psychological wellbeing. The findings demonstrate that adolescents’ religion has the potential to impact their mental wellbeing positively or negatively, depending on the type of religious coping methods used.},
  author = {Mannion, Lydia and Harmon, Maurice and O’Brien, Trevor},
  doi = {10.1080/03323315.2024.2353317},
  issn = {03323315},
  journal = {Irish Educational Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  pages = {1-24},
  title = {Exploring the relationships between psychological wellbeing, religiosity and religious coping among post-primary school students in Ireland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2024.2353317},
  year = 2024
}

@article{quaranta2013impact,
  abstract = {There are many explanations for variation in political protest. However, they have not focused sufficiently on institutions and the influence the latter exert on protest. This article, by using multilevel analysis and cross-national survey data, suggests that political protest depends on the level of institutional decentralization. In fact, decentralization increases the number of state actors, implies a multiplication of access points to the political system, and provides greater chances of influencing the decision-making process. Furthermore, it is shown that the effect of mobilizing agencies, such as political parties and trade unions, also depends on the level of decentralization.},
  author = {Quaranta, Mario},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {502-518},
  title = {The impact of institutional decentralization on protest in Western Europe},
  url = {http://ips.sagepub.com/content/34/5/502.short},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{noelleneumann1985meinungsfhrung,
  address = {Mainz},
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth},
  booktitle = {Werte, Leitbilder, Tugenden, Zur Erneuerung politischer Kultur},
  editor = {Weigelt, Klaus},
  isbn = {3775810897},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {171-192},
  publisher = {v. Hase und Koehler},
  title = {Meinungsführung in der pluralistischen Gesellschaft},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@book{capraro1993sociologia,
  address = {Brescia},
  author = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  publisher = {Morcelliana},
  title = {Sociologia e religione: teoria e ricerca empirica},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1993
}

@article{rimac2000determinante,
  abstract = {The analysis of trust in different institutions of the political system has shown that all the answers given by the respondents are generated on the grounds of the same mechanism of the evaluation of institutions, which offers the basis for a conclusion on the factor of general trust in the political system, and for several minor factors, which add to smaller distinctions among particular groups of institutions. The analysis of the changes in the trust in the political system, measured in whole through a summarised evaluation of all the institutions in the period from 1997 to 1999 shows that the decrease of the trust in the institutions of the system has occurred. The main reason is possible to detect in the parochial cultural pattern that dominates within the voter's approach to political trust. Therefore, the decrease of the trust in the institutions is caused by the decrease of the trust in the party in power (HDZ), where the evaluation of its performances cannot be detached from the evaluation of the institutions of the political system.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Rimac, Ivan},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {471-484},
  title = {Neke determinante povjerenja u institucije političkog sustava u Hrvatskoj (Some Determinants of Trust in the Institutions of the Political System in Croatia)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49420},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{pettersson2007religion,
  abstract = {Most versions of secularization theory expect advanced modernity to weaken religion. In contrast, this chapter argues that two different dimensions of contemporary society affect religion in opposite ways. Rising levels of human security and well-being are assumed to drive towards religious decline, while growing cultural diversity is assumed to push towards religious growth. These two hypotheses are simultaneously investigated, using world wide data for 50 000 respondents from 37 countries with a predominantly Christian heritage. As dependent variables, two dimensions of religious involvement which relate to two core aspects of secularization theory are analyzed: church-oriented religious involvement and preferences for a religious impact on politics. The findings from three different analytical strategies demonstrate that each of the two religious orientations is positively related to the cultural diversity, and also that each of them is negatively related to human security and well-being. Furthermore, the results also indicate that the religious changes which took place between 1981 and 1999/2000 are negatively related to human well-being and security, and positively to cultural diversity. Thus, a set of comprehensive analyses of one and the same set of world wide data indicate that human security and cultural diversity affect religious involvement in opposite ways. It seems too simplistic, therefore, to view modernization as a universal cause of religious decline.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Measuring and Mapping Cultures: 25 Years of Comparative Value Surveys},
  editor = {Esmer, Yilmaz and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  isbn = {9004158200},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {127-153},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Religion in Contemporary Society: Eroded by Human Well-being, Supported by Cultural Diversity},
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{heunks1995politiek,
  address = {Den Haag},
  author = {Heunks, F J.},
  booktitle = {Internationaal Vergelijkend Onderzoek},
  editor = {Korsten, A. and others},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {359-378},
  publisher = {VUGA},
  title = {Politiek Activisme in Actie, doeleinden, doelwitten en intiatiefnemers van directe actie in drie westerse democratieën (x- Political Activism in Action, Goals, Targets and People who take Initiative in Direct Action in Tree Democratic Countries)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@book{malfliet2001russia,
  abstract = {After the collapse of the Soviet Union ten years ago, the Russian Federation was confronted with the task to develop new relations with states and organizations on the international scene. The relations with the European Union have increasingly become a key priority in Russia's foreign policy. The European Union in its turn attaches more and more importance to the new Russia and the constant processes of political reform and economic development in this vast country. This book approaches the issue of Euro-Russian relations from a multidisciplinary point of view. It analyses from a political, historical, cultural and economical angle to which extent the relations between the Russian Federation and the European Union have developed so far.Apart from a factual overview, the authors also look deeper into the key issues as well as the flaws of this evolving relationship. In separate chapters, Russian or European approaches are given to Russian Security Policy and the relation with NATO, the European Union's Russian Policy, values perception in Russia and Europe, Russia's relationship with the outsider states and Europe's dual enlargement, the economic relations between Russia and the European Union, and the 'Strategic Partnership' that Russia and the European Union are developing.},
  address = {Leuven},
  author = {Malfliet, Katlijn and Verpoest, Lien},
  isbn = {905867195X},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 180,
  publisher = {Leuven University Press},
  title = {Russia and Europe in a Changing International Environment},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2001
}

@article{sieben2013permissiveness,
  abstract = {In this study, we assess whether divorce experiences in three social contexts shape individual's permissiveness toward divorce. Using European Values Study data from 44 countries, we find that "net of personal divorce experience" parental divorce before the age of 18 (socialization context); parental divorce after the age of 18, divorce of child, and divorce of relatives (context in adult life); and country's divorce rate (national context) are related to more permissiveness toward divorce. Value climates in these three contexts clearly mediate the relationships between experiences and attitudes, but parental divorce before the age of 18, divorce of child, and divorce of relatives still are independently and positively related to permissiveness toward divorce. These findings suggest that divorce experiences affect pro-divorce attitudes on top of prevailing value climates in social contexts that are relatively close to the individual. Finally, robustness tests show that personal divorce is not only an important determinant of pro-divorce attitudes, the role played by divorce experiences in the three contexts also depends on being divorced or not. Moreover, singles are more strongly affected by their surrounding contexts than people with a stable relationship.},
  author = {Sieben, Inge and Verbakel, Ellen},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1175-1188},
  title = {Permissiveness Toward Divorce: The Influence of Divorce Experiences in Three Social Contexts},
  url = {http://esr.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/6/1175.short},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2013
}

@book{elzo1999jvenes,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Elzo, Javier and Orizo, F Andrés and González-Anleo, J. and Gonzaléz Blasco, P. and Laespada, M T. and Salazar, L.},
  isbn = {843468318},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  publisher = {Fundación Santa María},
  title = {Jóvenes Españoles 99},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{arts2003welfare,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Oorschot, W.J.H. van},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity. Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Hagenaars, J.A.P.},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {275-310},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {The welfare state: Villain or hero of the piece?},
  year = 2003
}

@article{schlueter2013immigrant,
  abstract = {Although immigrant integration policies have long been hypothesized to be associated with majority members' anti-immigrant sentiments, systematic empirical research exploring this relationship is largely absent. To address this gap in the literature, the present research takes a cross-national perspective. Drawing from theory and research on group conflict and intergroup norms, we conduct two studies to examine whether preexisting integration policies that are more permissive promote or impede majority group members' subsequent negative attitudes regarding immigrants. For several Western and Eastern European countries, we link country-level information on immigrant integration policies from 2006 with individual-level survey data from the Eurobarometer 71.3 collected in 2009 (Study 1) and from the fourth wave of the European Value Study collected between 2008 and 2009 (Study 2). For both studies, the results from multilevel regression models demonstrate that immigrant integration policies that are more permissive are associated with decreased perceptions of group threat from immigrants. These findings suggest that immigrant integration policies are of key importance in improving majority members' attitudes regarding immigrants, which is widely considered desirable in modern immigrant-receiving societies.},
  author = {Schlueter, Elmar and Meuleman, Bart and Davidov, Eldad},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.12.001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4973},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {670-682},
  study = {Eurobarometer 2009 ; EVS2008},
  study-id = {EB71.3},
  title = {Immigrant Integration policies and perceived Group Threat: A Multilevel Study of 27 Western and Eastern European Countries},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X12002517#},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{halman1997international,
  address = {Lund},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {Gene technology and the public. An interdisciplinary perspective},
  editor = {Lundin, S. and Ideland, M.},
  isbn = {9189116003},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {129-144},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  title = {International comparisons of values},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{dieznicolas2003contradictory,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Díez-Nicolás, Juan},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {235-263},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Two Contradictory Hypotheses on Globalization: Societal Convergence or Civilization Differentiation and Clash},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{egger2023surveys,
  abstract = {Surveys are widely used in contemporary society to know, govern, and serve populations, from censuses and public opinion polls to clinical trials and consumer experience studies. They are, however, far less common when it comes to unpacking global governance and the critical role individuals play in determining IO action at different levels. With handbooks on survey research abound, this contribution draws from ongoing research on aid workers to situate the interest and intricacies of doing survey-based research on IO professionals.},
  address = {Ann Arbor},
  author = {Egger, Clara and Beerli, Monique J.},
  booktitle = {International Organizations and Research Methods: An Introduction},
  doi = {10.3998/mpub.11685289},
  editor = {Badache, Fanny and Kimber, Leah R. and Maertens, Lucile},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth english incollection},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  pages = {69-77},
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  title = {Surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11685289},
  year = 2023
}

@article{brechon1996valeurs,
  abstract = {Ce texte, basé sur les données de l'enquête de 1990 sur les valeurs des Européens, s'intéresse aux liens entre valeurs politiques et attitudes religieuses. Les valeurs politiques retenues concernent la politisation et la participation politique, les valeurs postmatérialistes, l'attitude à l'égard des étrangers, l'identité de gauche ou de droite. Pour chacune de ces dimensions, y-a-t-il un effet d'une affiliation au catholicisme ou au protestantisme et du degré d'intégration à l'un de ces deux systèmes religieux ? Plusieurs conclusions sont formulées. A l'intérieur du même pays, catholiques et protestants partagent largement les mêmes valeurs et il est de plus en plus difficile d'identifier une éthique transnationale propre à chacune de ces confessions. Par contre les personnes qui refusent toute religion ou au contraire celles qui sont fortement intégrées au christianisme adoptent des modèles de valeurs politiques et éthiques assez spécifiques. Les systèmes de valeurs des Européens dépendent aussi fortement de la culture nationale},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  issn = {3355985},
  journal = {Archives de sciences sociales des religions},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {99-128},
  title = {Les valeurs politiques en Europe: effet du contexte politique national et des attitudes religieuses (x- Political Values in Europe: Effect of the National Political Context and Religious Attitudes)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 93,
  year = 1996
}

@article{dogan1995dclin,
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Revue Internationale des Sciences Sociales},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 146,
  pages = {601-616},
  title = {Le Déclin du Vote de Classe et du Vote Religieux en Europe Occidentale},
  volume = 4,
  year = 1995
}

@article{fargher2008cultural,
  abstract = {Purpose  This paper aims to contribute to the growing body of empirical evaluations of subjective wellbeing by assessing the impact of basic cultural values and beliefs on job satisfaction across 20countries in Eastern and Western Europe.Design/methodology/approach  Basic cultural values and beliefs are defined by reference to traditional vs secular values and survival vs self-expression values, respectively. Data derived from the European Values Study 1999/2000 are utilised, which provide detailed information not only on job satisfaction and socio-demographic characteristics, but also on individuals subjective views onreligion, family values, work, child-parent ties, political engagement, tolerance and interpersonal trust.Ordered probit regressions are performed to determine the significance of these characteristics, valuesand beliefs on job satisfaction.Findings  The study highlights the strong influence of a societys broad cultural heritage on individuals wellbeing at work. This raises questions about the impetus for numerous motivationalinterventions by managers and consultants. Traditional cultural values exhibit a strong influence on workers job satisfaction in Western Europe. Interpersonal trust serves as a particularly strongpredictor of job satisfaction for both Eastern and Western Europe, and for both male and female workers. The main difference between Eastern and Western Europe is driven primarily by the importance of family and religion.Originality/value  In previous studies, job satisfaction has been strongly associated with measures of organisational culture. In contrast, the broad cultural heritage of a society as measured by its basic value and belief system has not figured prominently in this literature. This paper adds value by contributing to this fledgling field of empirical research.Keywords - Job satisfaction, National cultures, Heritage, Eastern Europe, Western Europe.},
  author = {Fargher, Scott and Kesting, Stefan and Lange, Thomas and Pacheco, Gail},
  journal = {International Journal of Manpower},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {630-650},
  title = {Cultural heritage and job satisfaction in Eastern andWestern Europe},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{christensen2002arbejdsrelaterede,
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Christensen, P Venturelli},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Arbejdsrelaterede værdier og holdninger},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@book{hoelscher2006wirtschaftskulturen,
  abstract = {Die Wirtschaft ist der am stärksten integrierte Bereich der Europäischen Union. Die Wirtschaftssoziologie hat in den letzten Jahren immer deutlicher zeigen können, dass Werte und Kultur die Entwicklung der Ökonomie beeinflussen. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, welche Wirtschaftskulturen in den Mitgliedsländern und den Beitrittskandidaten der EU vorherrschen. Die Studie kann anhand von repräsentativen Umfragedaten zeigen, dass sich in Europa drei große Wirtschaftskulturen finden lassen, die sich vor allem im Hinblick auf eine Öffnungs- und Leistungsdimension unterscheiden. Die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede werden analysiert und zu erklären versucht. Mögliche Auswirkungen für den europäischen Integrationsprozess werden diskutiert.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Hoelscher, Michael},
  isbn = {3531147919, 9783531147918},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 285,
  publisher = {VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften},
  title = {Wirtschaftskulturen in der erweiterten EU. Die Einstellungen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger im europäischen Vergleich. (English title: Economic Cultures in the Enlarged EU. A Comparison of European Attitudes.)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{voicu2013attitudes,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Voicu, Malina and Constantin, Andreea},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {311-327},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Attitudes towards gender roles in Europe : modernization and social institutions},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@book{ashford1992europe,
  abstract = {This book is the fruit of a study carried out in 1990 under the auspices of the European Values Systems Study Group. The findings are derived from the responses of over 15,500 people to a questionnaire, which is rather curiously described as having been distributed across ten member countries of the EC. In fact, it was distributed across nine member countries (the 12 minus Denmark, Greece and Luxembourg), with two separate surveys having been conducted in one country, the UK, one in Northern Ireland and the other in Great Britain.},
  address = {Aldershot},
  author = {Ashford, Sheena and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {1855212382, 9781855212381},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 168,
  publisher = {Dartmouth Publishing Group},
  title = {What Europe Thinks: A Study of Western European Values},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1992
}

@article{gerhards2010nondiscrimination,
  abstract = {The article first describes how the principle of non-discrimination of homosexuals is anchored in EU legislation and influences concrete policies of the European Union. Against this background, the second section analyses citizens' attitudes towards homosexuality and whether there are differences among the 27 EU member states and Turkey. The descriptive findings show that there are substantial differences at the national and individual level in the degree to which citizens think of homosexuality as acceptable. A sense that homosexuality is justifiable is particularly low in recently acceded countries and is almost non-existent in Turkey. Modernization theorists have argued that economic development influences the value orientation of the citizens. Other scholars have claimed that values are strongly influenced by the religious heritage of a country. Using multilevel analysis, the study tests to what extent modernization factors and/or religious factors influence citizens' attitudes towards non-discrimination of homosexuality. According to the results of the causal analysis, modernization theory and cultural heritage theory contribute to explaining attitudes towards homosexuality. All the hypotheses derived from the two theories are supported by the statistical analysis.},
  author = {Gerhards, Jürgen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.3811},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {5-28},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Non-Discrimination towards Homosexuality: The European Union's Policy and Citizens' Attitudes towards Homosexuality in 27 European Countries},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2010
}

@article{lambert2002religion,
  abstract = {The results relating to religion of the European Values Survey in 1981 and 1990 highlighted the special case of Europe, where religious belief has been declining steadily. New surveys were carried out in 1999, supplemented by studies by the ISSP (International Social Survey Programme) in 1998, which make it possible to analyse and assess the pattern of religious belief in Europe. Yves Lambert shares some results here. He starts by presenting a map of religious views in 11 European countries - Catholic, Protestant and mixed, with a description of the status of each group. Depending on the context and the period, modernity has led to decline, change and revival of belief. In the following section, he outlines the different types of believers and non-believers: Christians who go to church regularly, occasionally or not at all, agnostics and convinced atheists. The relationship with Christianity is varied, highly individual and "pick and mix"; religion tends to be perceived in terms of relativism and probability. Yves Lambert then analyses the relationship between religious views and moral values. It seems that the average regular church-goer considers faithfulness, order and authority to be more important, whereas the average convinced atheist is more permissive and politically aware but less nationalistic; yet, the differences tend to decrease.In the final section, Lambert identifies three main trends based on an analysis of 25 variables: a continuing move away from religion; a revival of Christian commitment with an increase in almost all types of religious observance; the growth of "alternative" beliefs among agnostics, in the form of individualized, unfocussed ideas not related to Christianity. The author concludes that, since the 1990s, religion - no longer in competition with its fiercest rivals, Marxism and rationalism - can now acquire a new credibility. In the context of today's general disenchantment, in which everything is reassessed, religion may develop in ever more varied and unpredictable ways. What is novel is that the situation is completely open.},
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {129-159},
  title = {Religion: l'Europe à un tournant},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@article{gundelach1994communities,
  abstract = {Substance abuse problems can be classified either in terms of the size of consumption among the general population & high risk groups or in terms of the treatment of substance abusers. In the early 1990s, public debate in Scandinavia about the structure & functioning of the welfare state pointed to two new (or perhaps reinvented) ways of solving substance abuse problems: social movements & community initiatives. Past experience would suggest that social movements help reduce the size of consumption among certain risk groups & that community initiatives help solve the social problems related to alcohol & drug abuse. It is argued, however, that neither of these traditional approaches can solve the current substance abuse problems because they both stem from a antiquated understanding of society.},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  issn = {7896069},
  journal = {Nordisk Alkohol Tidskrift},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {5-12.},
  title = {Communities, Grass-roots Movements and Substance Abuse Problems: New Strategies},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 11,
  year = 1994
}

@book{deusto2003movimientos,
  author = {Deusto, Forum},
  editor = {Deusto, Forum},
  isbn = {8474858852, 9788474858853},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 280,
  publisher = {Universidad de Deusto},
  title = {Movimientos de personas e ideas y multiculturalidad},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 2003
}

@book{gubert2004valori,
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Gubert, Renzo},
  editor = {Gubert, Renzo},
  isbn = {8846464109},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 704,
  publisher = {Franco Angeli},
  title = {Valori e appartenenze sociali: per una valutazione delle nuove territorialità},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 2004
}

@article{lambert2004dclin,
  abstract = {Depuis quelques années, on observe un regain d'intérêt inattendu pour les pratiques et les croyances religieuses. Une tendance qui n'est pas propre à la France mais qui y revêt des traits spécifiques.},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA3811},
  issn = {1252-3429},
  journal = {Hors-série Sciences Humaines},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 46,
  pages = {38-41},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1999},
  title = {La fin du déclin religieux?},
  url = {http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16199248},
  year = 2004
}

@article{herpin2002postmatrialisme,
  abstract = {Over the past 25 years there has been an increase in single-parent & step families in Europe. Based on the European Values Survey conducted in 11 western European countries in 1981, 1990, & 1999, the author examines the impact on family values during this period. He offers a list of factors considered by Europeans to be critical to a stable partnership. Furthermore, he examines the values emphasized in raising children & links the rise of individualism to the greater economic independence of young people. He compares values & the social structure of public opinion, concluding that countries are "differently similar." Conjugal values have not changed in the past 20 years & differ little from country to country, particularly where the Catholic Church is dominant, & that values to be transmitted to children are not as stable or as geographically uniform. The regrouping of countries is strongly linked to their national labor market & the place occupied therein by the young.},
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Herpin, Nicolas},
  issn = {0337307x},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {41-61},
  title = {Postmatérialisme et structure des opinions sur la famille (Postmaterialism and Family Values)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@article{wuermeling2008keineswegs,
  abstract = {Die Ergebnisse meiner Studie zur Akzeptanz von EU-Grundprinzipienin der Türkei und in der EU sowie die gelieferten Erklärungsmodelle für Einstellungsunterschiedezweifelt Kai Arzheimer in diesem Heft an. Dass die Befunde, dieauf Sekundäranalysen der Europäischen Wertestudie beruhen, keinesfalls als "Märchen" abzutun sind, wie Arzheimer durch seine Fragestellung im Titel andeuten will, werdeich in meiner Antwort auf seinen Kommentar belegen. Vielmehr sind sie Hinweis darauf,dass es noch bedeutende Einstellungsdifferenzen zwischen der Türkei und der EUim Hinblick auf die Unterstützung von EU-Grundprinzipien wie Religionsfreiheit undGleichberechtigung gibt, während gleichzeitig die türkische Öffentlichkeit die Demokratieund das Prinzip der Rechtsstaatlichkeit unterstützt. In einem Mehrebenenmodell,das sowohl den kulturellen Kontext als auch den Modernisierungsgrad einbezieht, wurdendie Gründe für eine eventuelle Sonderstellung der Türkei überprüft.},
  author = {Wuermeling, Frederike},
  journal = {Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {136-148},
  title = {Keineswegs ein Märchen aus Tausend und einer Nacht - Replik auf Kai Arzheimers Kommentar zu meinem Aufsatz "Passt die Türkei zur EU und die EU zu Europa? Eine Mehrebenenanalyse auf der Basis der Europäischen Wertestudie"},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2008
}

@article{comsa2010compare,
  abstract = {How to Compare Means of Latent Variables across Countries and Waves: Testing for Invariance Measurement. An Application Using Eastern European Societies. Comparative social survey research is exponentially growing, more and more data being available at longitudinal and cross-national levels. When unobservable concepts are involved, the analysis of this kind of data poses the issue of measurement invariance (Are the concepts equivalent across countries and longitudinally?). The aim of this paper is to draw a clear picture of measurement invariance (MI) test via multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) using AMOS 16 software. According to the literature this is a necessary step before latent mean comparison. First, I discuss the concept of measurement invariance, and then we present the most important features and issues related to the MGCFA. The main part of the paper is dedicated to presenting a step by step procedure to test for MI using AMOS VB.NET. In order to facilitate understanding, all steps are logically described; also, data and syntaxes are provided. To illustrate the procedure, I analyze the "sexual permissiveness", as it measured in two large-scale surveys (EVS and WVS). I focus on the case of those 19 former communist countries included in these surveys, for which the available measurement covers at least three points in time, during the 1990-2009 period. To measure the "sexual permissiveness", four items are used: how justifiable are homosexuality, prostitution, abortion, and divorce. Scalar invariance of "sexual permissiveness" scale is proved for most countries, so means and relationships involving this value can be meaningfully interpreted. Finally, we discuss some alternatives for presenting the means of latent variables.Sociológia 2010, Vol. 42 (No. 6: 639-669)},
  author = {Comsa, Mircea},
  journal = {Sociológia},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {639-669},
  title = {How to Compare Means of Latent Variables across Countries and Waves: Testing for Invariance Measurement. An Application Using Eastern European Societies},
  url = {http://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/05130941Comsa%20AF%20OK%20corrected%20by%20Comsa.pdf},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2010
}

@incollection{heunks1989valeurs,
  address = {Louvain la Neuve},
  author = {Heunks, F J.},
  booktitle = {Evangelie et culture Européenne a la fin du 20e siecle},
  editor = {Weiler, A. and v.d. Bruggen, C. and Morien, L.},
  keywords = {1989 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {35-42},
  publisher = {Academia},
  title = {Les Valeurs sur lesquelles nous vivons en Europe},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1989
}

@article{elzo1993rasgos,
  author = {Elzo, Javier},
  journal = {XX siglos},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {46-59},
  title = {Rasgos dominantes de la regiosidad de los jóvenes españoles},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 13,
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{demoor1995religion,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {31-50},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Religion and Moral Values: The Case of Euthanasia},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{perezvalls2024digital,
  abstract = {Due to the degree of exposure to activities carried out through digital channels, digital transformation is no longer an avoidable option for companies. However, being exposed to an eminently digital environment does not automatically make companies able to embrace the benefits of digitalisation. Therefore, it is vital to explore the mechanisms that enable companies to transform their digital transformation efforts and activities into results. That is, what are the capabilities that enable firms, depending on their degree of digitalisation (being either digital users or digital providers), to achieve effective value generation and value appropriation? The analysis of a sample of 204 companies belonging to four European countries was performed on a causal competence model using PLS-SEM to answer the research questions. Results show that digital enterprises are “greener” only if the business model includes sustainability and that only for digital users is the degree of being a digital company positively related to managerial and sustainable capabilities. Similarly, we found an indirect, positive effect between being digital and having managerial and sustainable capabilities through the mediation of digital capabilities, especially for digital providers, exposing the complementarity of these capabilities.},
  author = {Pérez-Valls, Miguel and Kalinowski, T. Bartosz and Glodek, Pawel and Payán-Sánchez, Belén and Solomon, Adrian},
  doi = {10.24818/EA/2024/S18/1270},
  journal = {Amfiteatru Economic},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 18,
  pages = {1270-1291},
  title = {Digital Capabilities as Mediators: Fostering Managerial and Sustainable Capabilities among Digital Users and Providers},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2024/S18/1270},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2024
}

@book{noelleneumann1987zweifel,
  address = {Stuttgart},
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, E.},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt},
  title = {Zweifel am Verstand},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1987
}

@article{basturk2013paradoxes,
  abstract = {Recently, there has been a tendency to evaluate the transformation in work values in terms of Inglehart's value change thesis. This tendency argues that extrinsic values, such as wage and job security, have lost their importance in work orientations whereas intrinsic values, such as self-realization or autonomy, have been embraced. However, the discussions that have taken place in work sociology during the last 25 years are mainly based on a growing lack of security in employment and work conditions rather than on the shift from extrinsic to intrinsic values. This study will compare Inglehart's value change viewpoint with other viewpoints on the structural conditions present in job insecurity. This comparison will be based on Sennett and Doogan's analysis and will argue that Inglehart's value change thesis is actually a discourse that helps to form the stereotype required for flexible production, thus enabling the internalization of market discipline.},
  author = {Bastürk, Senol},
  journal = {Turkish Journal of Business Ethics},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {37-53},
  title = {Paradoxes of Value Change: Critique of Post-materialistic Work Orientations},
  url = {http://isahlakidergisi.com/en/article/paradoxes-of-value-change-critique-of-post-materialistic-work-orientations/},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{brechon2007religiosit,
  abstract = {Ce livre aborde la manière dont les institutions religieuses deviennent des agences de marketing et les traditions des biens de consommation. Les contenus des messages et leurs modes de diffusion évoluent. Un régime de performance tend à primer sur le régime de vérité qui, jusque là, régulait les contenus et les formes dexpression des traditions religieuses, les différences, les confrontations ou les synergies entre acteurs religieux.En même temps, les représentations religieuses se construisent en dehors des régulateurs institutionnels autorisés des pratiques et des croyances. Ainsi, les médias se chargent de diffuser des images souvent stéréotypées de certaines religions qui deviennent à la mode. La pluralisation des acteurs religieux en Europe aussi bien que la diversification de loffre de biens symboliques de salut demandent un approfondissement de lapproche sociologique des recompositions en cours en analysant au plus près les processus de régulation du croire dans une logique de marché. Pour ce faire, ce livre interroge lutilisation du modèle du marché pour explorer dans quelle mesure les contenus de croyance se trouvent affectés et de quelle manière seffectue la régulation du religieux dans la société pluraliste.},
  address = {Bern},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Pluralisation religieuse et logique de marché},
  editor = {Bastian, Jean-Pierre},
  isbn = {978-3-03911-213-5},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {101-107},
  publisher = {Peter Lang},
  title = {Religiosité et transformation des croyances, selon les enquêtes européennes sur les valeurs},
  url = {http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten&seitentyp=produkt&pk=13763&concordeid=11213},
  year = 2007
}

@article{borovecki2021constitutes,
  abstract = {Understanding the attitudes of a particular society on a “good death” is important when it comes to end-of-life decision-making and palliative care. In the Republic of Croatia no systematic research has been done on the attitudes of the general population about the concept of a “good death”. This cross sectional survey was conducted on a three-stage random sample, stratified by regions, counties and locations within those counties (N = 1203) during November and December, 2019. ANOVA, to determine differences, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. The most important characteristics of a good death outlined by the respondents were: the absence of pain, the presence and unencumberedness of family and loved ones, the importance of a sense of fulfilment and meaning in life in this regard, reconciliation with God, the presence of awareness and sobriety, and the possibility of treatment.},
  author = {Borovečki, Ana and Nikodem, Krunoslav and Ćurković, Marko and Braš, Marijana and Palić-Kramarić, Ružica and Špoljar, Diana and Matulić, Tonči and Grosek, Štefan and Tonković, Dinko},
  doi = {10.1177/00302228211010597},
  issn = {00302228},
  journal = {OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1415-1431},
  title = {What Constitutes a “Good Death”? - A Representative Cross-Sectional Survey Among the General Public in Croatia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211010597},
  volume = 86,
  year = 2021
}

@article{halman2006contemporary,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Muller, H.},
  issn = {207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {117-143},
  title = {Contemporary work values in Africa and Europe: Comparing orientations to work in Africa and European societies},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{mohler2006great,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Mohler, Peter and Rammstedt, Beatrice and Wohn, Kathrin},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {251-272},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {The Great Value Divide - Testing Hofstede's Convergence Assumption},
  year = 2006
}

@article{draulans2005mapping,
  abstract = {We explore the less prominent and often neglected issues of religious and moral pluralism in contemporary European society. Using the survey data from the most recent European Values Study (EVS), the patterns of religious and moral pluralism are investigated. Analyses of the previous EVS data demonstrated that Europe is not homogeneous. European countries differ not only in levels of economic development, but also in cultural heritages, languages, religious and ideological traditions, and educational and political systems. Variety in the degrees to which European societies are religiously and morally pluralistic was expected. Several hypotheses were developed to explain this variety. Our analyses do not support most of the generally accepted hypotheses.},
  author = {Draulans, Veerle and Halman, Loek},
  issn = {10.1080/13537900500067729},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {179-193},
  title = {Mapping Contemporary Europe's Moral and Religious Landscape: an Analysis based on the Most Recent European Values Study},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a713995538~db=all~order=page},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2005
}

@article{cervenka2025wealth,
  abstract = {This study explores the impact of corrective information on perceptions of wealth inequality and related political attitudes in the Czech Republic. A custom-designed survey experiment revealed the significant underestimation of wealth inequality, as reflected in a perceived Gini coefficient of 39.6, compared to an actual value of 67.5. Despite this stark misperception, the provision of accurate information did not significantly shift preferences concerning redistribution, anti-system sentiments, or political engagement. These findings diverge from previous research on income inequality, suggesting that wealth disparities are processed differently, most likely via heuristic rather than systematic cognition. Future research should aim to refine the respective information delivery methods and further investigate cognitive responses to data on inequality.},
  author = {Červenka, Filip and Maialeh, Robin},
  doi = {10.1111/boer.70003},
  issn = {03073378},
  journal = {Bulletin of Economic Research},
  keywords = {2026 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 1,
  pages = {163-173},
  title = {Wealth Inequality in the Czech Republic: An Experimental Study on Bridging the Gap Between Perception and Reality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.70003},
  volume = 78,
  year = 2026
}

@article{hagenaars1989searching,
  abstract = {Typologies play an important role in sociological theory and research. Basic to the use of (ideal) types is the notion that a subject's overt behavior can be conceived of as governed by his/her belonging or closeness to a particular underlying pure type. Many statistical techniques are in use to detect or construct these fundamental types, especially factor analysis. Much less attention has been paid to the possibilities that latent class analysis has to offer. Through an elaborate example, it is shown that the basic ideas of latent class analysis correspond eminently well with the use social scientists make of (ideal) types. Several important extensions of the basic latent class model along with significant new developments are discussed.},
  author = {Hagenaars, J. and Halman, Loek},
  issn = {2667215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {1989 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {81-96},
  title = {Searching for Idealtypes: The Potentialities of Latent Class Analysis},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 5,
  year = 1989
}

@article{abramson1992generational,
  abstract = {Surveys sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities are employed to study value change in West Germany, Britain, the Netherlands, France, Belgium and Italy between 1970-71 and 1990 and in Denmark and Ireland between 1973 and 1990. During these years generational replacement had a major impact on value trends in all eight societies. In Germany, Britain, the Netherlands and Denmark generational replacement contributed to the growth of Postmaterialism, and in France, Italy and Ireland replacement was the major force creating the trend towards Postmaterialism. Even in Belgium, where there was only a slight move towards Postmaterialism, replacement may have prevented a movement towards Materialism. For the European public as a whole, replacement contributed to the growth of Postmaterialism. However, the impact of replacement is likely to be smaller in the coming two decades because relatively low birth rates during the late 1970s and the 1980s will contribute to lower rates of generational replacement.},
  author = {Abramson, P R. and Inglehart, Ronald},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {183-228},
  title = {Generational Replacement and Value Change in Eight West European Societies},
  volume = 22,
  year = 1992
}

@book{myers1992pursuit,
  abstract = {Review:Pursuit of Happiness summarizes major studies about happiness and what makes people happy as of 1993. It is well researched and provides an extensive bibliography.Myers begins by asking the question: "Who is happy and why?" and then answers by sharing what (the then) current studies on happiness show. Myers also shares empirical data that supports what the ancient philosophers, Plato, Seneca, and Aristotle wrote about happiness.1.  What Is Well-being? 2.  Wealth and Well-being3.  A Satisfied Mind 4.  The Demography of Happiness5.  Reprogramming the Mind6.  The Traits of Happy People7.  "Flow" in Work and Play8.  The Friendship Factor9.  Love and Marriage10. Faith, Hope, and Joy},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Myers, D G.},
  isbn = {380715228},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 336,
  publisher = {William Morrow & Company},
  title = {The Pursuit of Happiness: Who is Happy and Why?},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://www.davidmyers.org/Brix?pageID=20},
  year = 1992
}

@article{brechon1995levolution,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  issn = {2843871999},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {3-203},
  title = {L'Evolution des valeurs des Européens (x- The Evolution of the Values of European People)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 200,
  year = 1995
}

@article{abela1993postsecularisation,
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {Melita Theologica},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {39-58},
  title = {Post-Secularisation: The Social Significance of Religious Values in Four Catholic European Countries},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {XLIV},
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{nastuta2012individual,
  abstract = {If we take into account the increasing number of immigrants of non-Christian religious background (Hindu, Muslims etc) who become more relevant as minority groups, contemporary Europe represents a religious melting-pot. The evident secularization trends within Western Europe, the interaction with these new social groups and their increasing social relevance creates different patterns of religious behavior in Western and Eastern Europe or in countries with Protestant, Catholic or Orthodox dominant religious tradition, if we compare them. Based on data from European Value Study (1981 - 2010) we'll try to observe if and how the religiosity of people from different European countries is influenced by individual (gender, age, education) or social level factors (religious affiliation, country's Human development index etc).},
  author = {Nastuta, Sebastian},
  booktitle = {Yearbook of Petre Andrei University Iasi},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 9,
  pages = {97-117},
  series = {Social Work, Sociology, Psychology},
  title = {Individual and Social Factors Predicting Religiosity Differences between European Countries},
  url = {http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedetails.aspx?issueid=64dac46e-932e-4ba0-8e71-69c1c6e048b1&articleId=b913eba9-eb3f-4804-9241-28e7dfa33c63},
  year = 2012
}

@article{arts2005social,
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Oorschot, W.J.H. van},
  issn = {9589287},
  journal = {Journal of European Social Policy},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {5-26},
  title = {The social capital of European welfare states: the crowding out hypothesis revisited},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{gonthier2014systme,
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric and Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {205-220},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Système de valeurs et classes sociales en Europe: le statut socioéconomique n'explique pas tout},
  year = 2014
}

@article{tchernia2002riffault,
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {79-80},
  title = {Hélène Riffault et les études d'opinion},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{demoor1985overeenkomsten,
  address = {s-Gravenhage},
  author = {de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Differentiële sociologie in discussie},
  editor = {Hofstee, E W. and Jolles, H M. and Gadourek, I. and Rossum, W V. and Galjart, B F. and Ruiter, R. and de Moor, Ruud and Schöffer, I.},
  isbn = {9060953967},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {106-127},
  publisher = {VUGA},
  title = {Overeenkomsten en Verschillen in Waardepatronen van Westeuropeanen: Algemene of Differentiële Sociologie? (x- Similarities and Differences in Value Patterns of West European People: General or Differential Sociology?)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{marsh1990crosscultural,
  abstract = {This paper compares the unemployment problem in Britain and in Spain. The risk of unemployment is greater in Spain and the social security system to support the unemployed less comprehensive than in the UK. The unemployed in both countries suffer lower psychological wellbeing than the employed in the same country, but there are surprising differences when comparisons are made between the British and Spanish unemployed. Attempts to fit the results into a general explanatory framework of relative deprivation theory fail. Differences between the two countries in the prevalence of a work ethic seem to be the most likely explanation.},
  author = {Marsh, C. and Alvaro, J L.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4438 ; 10.4232/1.1542 ; 10.4232/1.1543 ; 10.4232/1.1544},
  doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a036564},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA1542 ; ZA1543 ; ZA1544},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {1990 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {237-256},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EB24 ; EB25 ; EB26},
  title = {A cross-cultural perspective on the social and psychological distress caused by unemployment: a comparison of Spain and the United Kingdom},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a036564},
  volume = 6,
  year = 1990
}

@article{ayoub2013cooperative,
  abstract = {This article builds on previous research on Europeanization and political opportunity structures (POS) for mobilization, to explore the processes of transnational LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) mobilization in the European Union (EU). In the case of LGBT activism, European integration affects contentious politics by altering POS - both vertically and horizontally - for mobilization and changing the tactics of LGBT activism. Using the cases of Germany and Poland to trace cross-border connections between norm entrepreneur and target state, the findings suggest that LGBT activism relies on transnational resources - primarily, social spaces and organizational capacity - that are scarce in many member states but readily available in others. These horizontal opportunities among member states, alongside top-down vertical ones provided by Brussels, serve as mobilizing structures that bring together distinct groups of international actors. Europeanization also alters the tactics that transnational actors use when engaging with authorities in the target state. Employing socialization mechanisms that highlight appropriate behavior, actors tactically frame their demands in a European discourse by associating the issue of LGBT acceptance with democratic responsibilities as members of the EU community.},
  author = {Ayoub, P M.},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {279-310},
  title = {Cooperative transnationalism in contemporary Europe: Europeanization and political opportunities for LGBT mobilization in the European Union},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8949199&fileId=S1755773912000161},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2013
}

@article{dogan1997erosion,
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Studies in Comparative International Development},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {3-29},
  title = {Erosion of Confidence in Advanced Democracies},
  year = 1997
}

@book{inglehart1998human,
  abstract = {For over twenty-five years Ronald Inglehart and his colleagues have been collecting survey data on the beliefs and opinions of people all over the world on a variety of topics. This work led Inglehart to expound his noted theory about the development of post-materialist values in developed countries and explore its effect on politics. This book, based on the most comprehensive of these surveys, the World Values Survey conducted in over forty countries from 1990-93, publishes for the first time all of the findings of this survey. The questions cover issues such as politics, economics, religion, family life, and gender roles, and reflect differences in response by age, gender, economic standing, and education. This book provides a wealth of data that will appeal to social scientists, journalists, people in international business, and policy makers interested in understanding social, political, or cultural attitudes in different countries. Ronald Inglehart is Professor of Political Science, University of Michigan, and coauthor of Value Change in Global Perspective, as well as many other books and articles. Miguel Basanez is Professor of Political Science, Institutio Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico, and director of MORI de Mexico. Alejandro Moreno is Professor of Political Science, Institutio Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico.},
  address = {Ann Arbor},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Basañez, Miguel and Moreno, Alejandro},
  isbn = {0472108336, 9780472108336},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 534,
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  title = {Human Values and Belief: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=14858},
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{breen2002different,
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Breen, M J.},
  booktitle = {Measuring Ireland: Discerning Values and Beliefs},
  editor = {Casssidy, Eoin},
  isbn = {1853906476},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Veritas Publications},
  title = {Different from their Elders & Betters: Age Cohort Differences in the Irish Data of the EVS},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@article{albraizat2002muslims,
  abstract = {This paper intends to demonstrate three objectives: (1) Fukuyama's theory of the triumph of liberal democracy is cross culturally plausible at the attitudinal level; (2) Fukuyama's claim that Islam is resistant to modernity (characterized by liberal democracy and capitalism) does not hold up to empirical testing. That is, using Islam as an explanatory variable of democracy/authoritarianism is largely uncorroborated; and (3) Explore alternative explanations for the absence of democracy in most of Middle Eastern countries. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of Human Development and Political Opportunity Structure for the explanation of democracy/authoritarianism. The main conclusion of the paper is that Islam is largely irrelevant as an explanatory variable for authoritarianism/democracy.},
  author = {Al-Braizat, F.},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {3-5},
  pages = {269-300},
  title = {Muslims And Democracy: An Empirical Critique Of Fukuyama's Culturalist Approach},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2002
}

@article{gundelach1994decline,
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  journal = {Young},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {36-53},
  title = {The Decline in Protest Activity Among the Young},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 3,
  year = 1994
}

@article{ayoub2014evaluating,
  abstract = {This article utilizes original survey and interview data to explore why norms governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights mobilize an active resistance in some cases and not in others. Based on a comparison of Poland and Slovenia, this article shows that differing perceptions of threat define the way international norms are received in distinct domestic realms. Threat perception is heightened in cases where religion is historically embedded in the essence of the popular nation. In Poland, the Catholic Church created a role for itself as a symbol of the nation. There, the domestic opposition succeeded in framing a narrative that linked LGBT rights to external forces threatening national values. By contrast, the Catholic Church in Slovenia could neither maintain nor (re-)establish similarly strong ties to the popular nation, stifling the opposition's ability to mobilize a robust popular resistance. Whether resistance is effectual, however, is a related but separate question. The data suggest that resistance produced in high-threat contexts can be self-defeating in that it enhances the salience of the norm in the domestic setting.},
  author = {Ayoub, P M.},
  journal = {Journal of Human Rights},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {337-362},
  title = {Evaluating the Cross-national Comparability of Survey Measures of Political Interest Using Anchoring Vignettes},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14754835.2014.919213#.VGdwdMlwpOI},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{abela1994values,
  address = {Malta},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  booktitle = {Social Change, Values and Social Policy. Maltese Society: A Sociological Inquiry},
  editor = {Sultana, R G. and Baldacchino, G.},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {253-270},
  publisher = {Mireva Publications},
  title = {Values for Malta's future},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{simons1999cultural,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Simons, J.},
  booktitle = {Dynamics of Values in Fertility Change},
  editor = {Leete, R.},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {78-99},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {The cultural significance of western fertility trends in the 1980s},
  year = 1999
}

@article{coutinho2013portuguese,
  abstract = {This article, based on EVS data, discusses the evolution of Portuguese youth religiosity between 1990 and 2008. The theories of secularisation and individualisation guide this study. The author explores variables of Catholic beliefs and practices, attitudes towards life and sexuality, and non-Catholic beliefs to assess religious transformation. There was a decline of religious practice (Mass assistance) and of Catholic norms observance; while there was an increase of Catholic and non-Catholic beliefs. Portugal is in-between Malta and Czech Republic, the two extreme types of Catholic belonging, although with differences according to variables. Family socialisation and leisure (sexuality, information and communication technologies, and consumption) are key factors for explaining these changes. Individualisation is an essential process of this late modernity and supports the explanations obtained.},
  author = {Coutinho, José P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Euroregional Journal of Socio-Economic Analysis},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {21-32},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Portuguese Youth Religiosity in the Last Two Decades},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2013
}

@article{ivan2014children,
  abstract = {Parenting support is a new policy field, directed toward teaching parents how to assume their role. Its foundations are embedded in a child-centered social investment approach, which is becoming dominant in Western European welfare states. This article aims at exploring the extent to which ideas underlying these policies are coherent with individual attitudes toward children, parents, their relationship and their change over time. We analyze how these attitudes changed in five selected countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Sweden), using data from all four waves of the European Values Study (1981, 1990, 1999, 2008). We also test what kind of values are behind these attitudes, employing logistic regression as method. Our main finding is that there has been a value shift in public sentiments regarding the primacy of children, which is no longer to be viewed as a traditional type of attitude.},
  author = {Ivan, Georgiana and Da Roit, Barbara and Knijn, Trudie},
  issn = {1552-5481},
  journal = {Journal of Family Issues},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1982-2001},
  title = {Children First? Changing Attitudes Toward the Primacy of Children in Five European Countries},
  url = {http://jfi.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/01/12/0192513X13519255.abstract},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2014
}

@article{kaasa2014regional,
  abstract = {The purpose of this study is to investigate the patterns of regional cultural differences within European countries. This study extends our previous work (Kaasa et al. 2013) that used data from the European Social Survey (ESS), by using more recent data and combining the ESS and the European Values Study (EVS) as data sources. We aim to study how much attention should be paid to within-country differences and how they differ across countries. The indicators of cultural dimensions were created using confirmatory factor analysis based on the initial indicators selected relying on Hofstedes cultural dimensions. The extent and character of within-country cultural differences were examined. Our results reveal a wide diversity of regional cultural variability among the observed countries. We identified countries where within-country cultural variability is larger (Spain, Portugal, France) and smaller (Finland, Sweden, Norway) than cross-national variability. Also, in many countries a more detailed regional division (more and smaller regions) brought out larger differences, although this cannot be taken as a rule. Patterns along regions differ across cultural dimensions, making grouping regions difficult. Studying regional cultural differences within countries is important. The extent of the optimal depth of regional division applied depends on the particular country, its regional cultural variability, and the needs and aims of the researcher.},
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli and Vadi, Maaja and Varblane, Urmas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1861-8901},
  journal = {Management International Review},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {825-852},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Regional Cultural Differences Within European Countries: Evidence from Multi-Country Surveys},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11575-014-0223-6},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2014
}

@article{zavalarojas2024using,
  abstract = {A highly controlled experimental setting using a sample of questions from the European Social Survey (ESS) and European Values Study (EVS) was used to test the effects of integrating machine translation and post-editing into the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation (TRAPD) approach in survey translation. Four experiments were conducted in total, two concerning the language pair English-German and two in the language pair English-Russian. The overall results of this study are positive for integrating machine translation and post-editing into the TRAPD process, when translating survey questionnaires. The experiments show evidence that in German and Russian languages and for a sample of ESS and EVS survey questions, the effect of integrating machine translation and post-editing on the quality of the review outputs—with quality understood as texts output with the fewest errors possible—can hardly be distinguished from the quality that derives from the setting with human translations only.},
  author = {Zavala-Rojas, Diana and Behr, Dorothée and Dorer, Brita and Sorato, Danielly and Keck, Veronika},
  doi = {10.1093/poq/nfad060},
  issn = {1537-5331},
  journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {123-148},
  title = {Using Machine Translation and Post-Editing in the TRAPD Approach: Effects on the Quality of Translated Survey Texts},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfad060},
  volume = 88,
  year = 2024
}

@article{healykieran2000embedded,
  abstract = {Blood donation is often cited as a perfect example of altruism. But blood must be collected as well as donated, and the organizational basis of the blood supply has been largely neglected. This article is a comparative study of blood collection regimes in Europe. Regimes are found to affect donation rates and donor profiles. When the Red Cross collects blood, donation is tied to religious activity and other volunteering, unlike state and blood bank systems. This study argues that collection regimes produce their donor populations by providing differing opportunities for donations. The analysis contributes to an institutional perspective on altruism and highlights the need to attend to the socially embedded nature of altruistic as well as self-interested action.},
  author = {{Healy, Kieran}},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2490},
  issn = {00029602},
  journal = {The American Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {English},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1633-1657},
  study-id = {EB41.0},
  title = {Embedded Altruism: Blood Collection Regimes and the European Union's Donor Population},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3003807},
  volume = 105,
  year = 2000
}

@article{lottes2011investigation,
  abstract = {The major purpose of this study was to identify thesexuality-related attitudinal patterns and variables related tothose patterns for 32 European countries. Data came from the1999 to 2000 wave of the European Values Survey whichincluded questions about attitudes toward adultery, abortion,casual sex, divorce, and homosexuality. Cluster analysisproduced six patterns with the largest cluster containing 13mostly Western European countries and the smallest clustercontaining only the country Malta. Additional patternsincluded two clusters of former Soviet Bloc countries, acluster with Ireland and Northern Ireland, and one with mostlyNordic countries. Applying Reiss's conceptualization ofsexual ideologies and Inglehart and Welzel's modernizationtheory related to value change, variables hypothesized to berelated to sexual attitudes included level of economicdevelopment, religiosity, dominant religious background,and degree of gender empowerment and traditional genderrole attitudes. Findings are discussed with respect to hypothesissupport and implications for future research},
  author = {Lottes, Ilsa and Alkula, Tapani},
  journal = {Sexuality Research and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {77-92},
  title = {An Investigation of Sexuality-Related Attitudinal Patternsand Characteristics Related to Those Patternsfor 32 European Countries},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2011
}

@article{harmon2006affluenza,
  abstract = {A secondary analysis of the European and World Values Surveys finds heavy television viewers are less likely than light television viewers to select an anti-acquisition national goal. Heavy viewers were also more likely than light viewers to report they are unhappy and dissatisfied both with their financial state and life overall. A nation-by-nation analysis of affluenza' (consumerist/materialist/acquisition values purportedly spread by heavy exposure to television) found few links to television viewing, but nations with heavier television viewing also were less happy. Television viewing, age, income and religiosity had little predictive value for pro-acquisition sentiments. The author concludes cultivation theory is too simple and inexact to explain any affluenza' effect. The author finds tantalizing clues of such an effect, and suggests techniques for future research.},
  author = {Harmon, M D.},
  journal = {International Communication Gazette},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {119-130},
  title = {Affluenza: A World Values Test},
  volume = 68,
  year = 2006
}

@article{schnell2012spirituality,
  abstract = {Summary This study contributes to the exploration of self-rated spirituality by anchoring self-ratings of spirituality and religiosity in an integrative model of personality. For the measurement of personality dispositions and characteristic adaptations, the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R, German version) and the Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe) have been administered to a sample (N = 135) of German-speaking students. A three-step study design is employed. First, previous findings on associations between personality and religiosity/spirituality are replicated and supplemented. Second, sources of meaning are shown to explain a considerably higher amount of unique variance in religiosity and spirituality than do personality dispositions. Third, two types of spirituality "religious-and-spiritual and spiritual-but-not-religious" are identified and distinguished on the basis of personality traits. The spiritual-but-not-religious type shows significantly higher degrees of Neuroticism, and lower degrees of Agreeableness. Possible interpretations and lines of future research on "spirituality without religion" are sketched out.},
  author = {Schnell, Tatjana},
  issn = {0084-6724},
  journal = {Archive for the Psychology of Religion},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {33-61},
  title = {Spirituality with and without Religion - Differential Relationships with Personality},
  url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/157361212x644495},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2012
}

@article{kerkhofs1994catholics,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Ethical Perspectives},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {123-129},
  title = {Catholics and Protestants in Europe: Different Ethical Views?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.kuleuven.be/ep/viewpic.php?LAN=E&TABLE=EP&ID=815},
  volume = 1,
  year = 1994
}

@book{siegers2012alternative,
  abstract = {Der Rückgang der christlichen Religiosität in Europa ist vielfach empirisch belegt. Umstritten ist jedoch, ob es sich um einen Rückgang des Glaubens handelt oder ob Religion einen Formwandel erfährt. Pascal Siegers untersucht auf Basis von Daten der EuropäischenWertestudie die Verbreitung spiritueller Glaubensformen in Europa. Seine Analysen machen deutlich, dass alternative Spiritualitäten zur größten religiösen Minderheit geworden sind. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Menschen dann einen spirituellen Glauben wählen, wenn ein Konflikt zwischen Selbstverwirklichungswerten und der Moral der Kirchen vorliegt.},
  address = {Frankfurt},
  author = {Siegers, Pascal},
  isbn = {978-3593397498},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  number = 1,
  pages = 373,
  publisher = {Campus Verlag},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Alternative Spiritualitäten : neue Formen des Glaubens in Europa: eine empirische Analyse},
  url = {http://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/soziologie/alternative_spiritualitaeten-4259.html},
  year = 2012
}

@book{capraro1995valori,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 549,
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{orizo1995mutamento,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Orizo, A F.},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {497-522},
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {Il mutamento dei valori nell'Europa meridionale: il caso della spagna},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{braun2006power,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Braun, Michael and Vinken, Henk},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {273-301},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {The Power of Values, Personalities, and Generations},
  year = 2006
}

@article{dickes2013construction,
  abstract = {This paper aims to present a theoretically based, multidimensional and comparable measurement of social cohesion, applicable in 47 European countries/regions using the most recent micro-level data of the European Value Study (EVS) from 2008 that build upon the previous research conducted on the EVS data from 1999 covering 33 countries. The analysis is conducted in five steps. In the first part, we create a set of measurable intermediate indicators that correspond to the social cohesion dimensions suggested by the theory. In the second part, we verify whether these indicators empirically corroborate the multidimensional structure of the concept proposed by the theory. The third part examines whether the obtained intermediate indicators of social cohesion form the same constructs across countries and whether they can yield a cross-country equivalent measure of social cohesion. In the fourth step, composite scores of all dimensions of social cohesion are calculated for all analysed countries/regions. The last step shows a practical application of the obtained indices and compares levels of social cohesion in six broader geographical regions of Europe to demonstrate the applicability of the measurement in comparative research.},
  author = {Dickes, Paul and Valentova, Marie},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-012-0116-7},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {827-846},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Construction, validation and application of the measurement of social cohesion in 47 European countries and regions},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-012-0116-7},
  volume = 113,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{moor2013religious,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Moor, Nienke},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {213-229},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religious vitality and church attendance in Europe},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@article{tillman2013authoritarianism,
  abstract = {Recent scholarship has emphasized the importance of concepts rooted in social identity for understanding citizen attitudes towards the European Union (EU). This article builds upon prior research by developing an argument that authoritarians are more likely to oppose the EU and to hold exclusionary social identity attitudes. Authoritarians, who have a predisposition towards order and conformity, are likely to oppose the EU as it threatens the established social and political order of the sovereign state and the dominant national culture. In addition, authoritarians are more likely to express exclusionary social identities. Analysis of survey data finds support for these claims and demonstrates that authoritarianism decreases support for the EU directly and indirectly through various indicators of social identity attitudes.},
  author = {Tillman, E.R.},
  journal = {European Union Politics},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {566-589},
  title = {Authoritarianism and citizen attitudes towards European integration},
  url = {http://eup.sagepub.com/content/14/4/566.full},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2013
}

@article{baloban2000spolnostodnos,
  abstract = {On the basis the results obtained in the »European Values Study ; EVS - 1999«, this article discusses human sexuality and Croatian citizens' attitudes towards sexual behaviour. The first part deals with the question of the importance of sexual relations for a successful marriage, and attitudes towards the lifestyle of a »woman as a single parent«. Of 16 values offered as important for a successful marriage, »happy sexual relationship« was in seventh place, coming after: mutual respect and appreciation, faithfulness, understanding and tolerance, being willing to discuss the problems that come up between husband and wife, children and talking a lot about mutual interests.Our research leads us to a paradox in connection with altitudes towards the lifestyle of a »single mother«. On the one hand, we have clear support for the option of a woman having a child as a single mother (65,9%), and on the other hand, we have even clearer agreement with the opinion that a child needs both parents in order to grow up happily.The second or central part of this article deals with the social dimension of sexual behaviour: extra-marital affairs, casual sex, sexual relations of minors, and attitudes towards prostitution, homosexuality and AIDS. The third part deals with the issue of attitudes towards abortion.The hypothetical framework within which the obtained empirical results have been interpreted is based on the assumption that sexuality is a constituative part of human personality, so that an integral approach must be taken bearing in mind the dignity of human beings as such.The results of this study show, on the one hand, that generally speaking, the majority of Croatian citizens still have a traditional attitude towards sexuality in marriage and towards sexual behaviour outside marriage. This attitude coincides to a large extent with the traditional doctrine of the Catholic Church. On the other hand, younger generations, as well as more educated people, are more inclined to justify different forms of sexual behaviour which are in contrast to the above-mentioned traditional attitude. Christians who practice their religion to a greater extent, are more inclined towards the traditional attitude, even though a tendency towards permissiveness is also observed in younger generations of Christians.In the research, it was possible to confirm differences in the understanding of sexuality between male and female populations in several areas. This study puts an emphasis on a value qualification of sexuality and sexual behaviour, out of which, for today's society and the Church, especially in relation to the younger generation, emerge numerous problems that require further discussion.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Stjepan and Črpić, Gordan},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {395-419},
  title = {Spolnost-odnos prema seksualnom ponašanju (Sexuality: Relation to Sexual Behavior)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49413},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@article{abela1999values,
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {The Sunday Times},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  month = {November},
  title = {Values 2000: 3. Politics and Democracy},
  type = {Newspaper Article},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{vandedonk2003missing,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {van de Donk, Wim and Hendriks, Frank and Luijkx, Ruud},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {255-274},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Missing Links? Consensus Democracy, Voluntary Association and European Values},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/516933/MISSING_.PDF},
  year = 2003
}

@article{sanfey2007transition,
  abstract = {This paper analyses life satisfaction in transition countries using evidence from the World Values Survey. The paper demonstrates that individuals in transition economies on average record lower values of self-reported satisfaction with life compared with those in non-transition countries. A comparison across time for a smaller sample of countries shows that life satisfaction levels have returned close to pre-transition levels in most cases, after a dip in the mid-1990s. The socio-economic groups that exhibit relatively higher levels of happiness include students, people with higher levels of education and those on higher incomes. Happiness declines with age until the early-50s and is slow to recover afterwards. Self-employed people in transition countries show a level of satisfaction as high as, or higher than, full-time employees, in contrast to evidence from non-transition countries. In addition, satisfaction levels are highest in those countries where standards of economic governance are most advanced and where inequality is lower.},
  author = {Sanfey, P. and Teksoz, U.},
  journal = {Economics of Transition},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {707-731},
  title = {Does transition make you happy?},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2007
}

@article{mayfield2012national,
  abstract = {Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the predictive influence of national cultural models on national infrastructure development. The national culture models of Hofstede, GLOBE, Ronen and Shenkar, and the World and European Values Survey (WEVS), were measured and compared to ascertain the best prediction fit for national infrastructure development.Design/methodology/approach A literature review examined four established cultural models, most of which (with the exception of the WEVS) assert stable, holistic models of national culture for business applications. The argument for cultural divergence in key moderators and mediators such as infrastructure development was also discussed. Then each model's predictability was measured with set correlation methodology, using GDP and population as co-variates. Also, the marginal influence of the other three cultural typologies were controlled for in each respective analysis.Findings Each model was found to have a positive significant prediction relationship with national culture infrastructure growth. The most promising model is the WEVS which explains a substantial proportion of the variance in national infrastructure. Additionally, WEVS has a higher predictive link to each infrastructure area than the other models. These results are preliminary and cross-sectional, yet they suggest that dynamic cultural models may be the best predictors of infrastructure development.Practical implications The study shows that increased efforts by the private sector and government can rely on dynamic models to boost national GDPs, and give better strategic guidance to foreign financial investment and human resources management.Originality/value The paper supports the hypotheses that national culture models can grow GDP to a healthy level through prediction, assessment, and then taking necessary interventions.},
  author = {Mayfield, Jacqueline and Mayfield, Milton},
  doi = {10.1108/10595421211266285},
  journal = {Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {396-410},
  title = {National culture and infrastructure development: A comparison among four cultural typologies},
  url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/10595421211266285},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2012
}

@article{giorgi1992religious,
  abstract = {Working within a specific secularization paradigm and with data on church attendance, self-assessed religiosity, Christian doctrinal orthodoxy and devotionalism, this article develops societal profiles of religious involvement of ten European countries included in the 1981 European Values Survey. Overall the findings support Martin's work in his book, A General Theory of Secularization (1978).},
  author = {Giorgi, Liana},
  journal = {The British Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {639-656},
  title = {Religious Involvement in a Secularized Society: An Empirical Confirmation of Martin's General Theory of Secularization},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/591342},
  volume = 43,
  year = 1992
}

@article{pajakpatkowska2013patterns,
  abstract = {The article aims at presenting women's and men's political activity, both in itsformal aspect (conventional politicalactivity) - manifesting itself in participating in elections or belonging to a political party - and informal actions (unconventional political activity) - connected with direct influence on the political sphere. On the basis of research, including that of the current author, the evolution of women's presence in politics is shown. The main manners ofexplaining the differences in intensity, as well as the chosen forms of political activity among women and men, are also put forward.},
  author = {Pająk-Patkowska, Beata},
  journal = {Przegląd Politologiczny},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {143-154},
  title = {Patterns of Women's Political Activity},
  url = {http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=6d2ddcb80f10451c84596b9b26d6ffa7},
  year = 2013
}

@article{riffault1995europens,
  abstract = {A modern reevaluation of the changing status of work explores the effects of extensive underemployment, increasing use of part-time & temporary labor, & segmentation of the labor force. Traditionally the cornerstone of social organization, (remunerated) work once was the primary determinant of direct or indirect revenues for Europeans. Further, because it created a link with a professional title, it provided a degree of social recognition. Noting cross-national differences in socioprofessional categories, the European Values Survey found that, next to family, work remains very important, much more than friends, free time, or religion. Europeans work not only to earn wages, but also for the social interaction; 70% believe that work is crucial to the social development of the individual. While material considerations constitute a major factor in the work formula, the intrinsic interest of an occupation is equally important. Europeans may be moving toward a new model of work that integrates greater levels of individual activity with less than full-time employment.},
  author = {Riffault, Hélène},
  issn = {0337307X, 2843871999},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {25-46},
  title = {Les Européens et la valeur travail (Europeans and the Work Value)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 200,
  year = 1995
}

@book{pickel2013religion,
  abstract = {Die Rückkehr des Religiösen in Politik und Gesellschaft?Seit dem tiefgreifenden politischen Umbruch von 1989/1990 sind zwanzig Jahre vergangen, die scheinbar nicht nur von einem weiteren sozialen Bedeutungsverlust des Religiösen in  Westdeutschland geprägt waren, sondern die auch nicht den erwarteten Aufschwung der Religion in den neuen Bundesländern brachten. Dies hat Folgen für die Stellung der Kirchen in der politischen Öffentlichkeit sowie ihre Relevanz als zivilgesellschaftlicher Akteur. Parallel führen Entwicklungen religiöser Pluralisierung und Individualisierung zu sich verändernden kulturellen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Die Beiträge des Bandes beleuchten das Verhältnis von Politik und Religion im Spiegel der Wiedervereinigung, den Islam als Herausforderung für die Integrationskraft der deutschen Gesellschaft, das Zusammenspiel von staatlichen und kirchlichen Akteuren im demokratischen Rechtsstaat sowie die aktuelle Diskrepanz zwischen der medial propagierten Rückkehr des Religiösen und dem faktischen institutionellen Bedeutungsverlust der Religion in Deutschland und Europa.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Pickel, Gert and Hidalgo, Oliver},
  isbn = {978-3-531-94181-3},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 406,
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  title = {Religion und Politik im vereinigten Deutschland: Was bleibt von der Rückkehr des Religiösen?},
  url = {http://www.springer.com/springer+vs/soziologie/wissen+%7C+diskurs/book/978-3-531-18344-2},
  year = 2013
}

@article{brechon2002riffault,
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {77-78},
  title = {Hélène Riffault, pionnière des sondages, très liée à la recherche},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@book{stoetzel1984valori,
  address = {Torino},
  author = {Stoetzel, Jean},
  isbn = {8805038288, 9788805038282},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 372,
  publisher = {SEI},
  title = {I valori del tempo presente: un' inchiesta Europea},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1984
}

@incollection{coenders2013support,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Coenders, Marcel and Lubbers, Marcel and Scheepers, Peer},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {73-93},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Support for labour-market discrimination of migrants},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@article{shukla2023gender,
  abstract = {Background: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a traditional society with patriarchal values. The country has been experiencing a decline in fertility rates, bringing the total fertility rate for the national population to 3.3 children per woman, the lowest since 1970s. Existing literature indicates that having gender-egalitarian attitudes is associated with lower fertility rates. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the perceptions of gender roles among the highly educated Emirati youth and examine whether these attitudes influence their desire to have children. By doing so, we aim to gain insights into the factors contributing to the country’s declining fertility rates. Methods: This study utilized data from a cross-sectional quantitative survey. The survey was developed and administered in February–March 2019 to a purposive sample of 300 young Emirati males and females aged 18–30 years, studying at the UAE University. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to examine the levels of youths’ perception towards gender roles and desired fertility. Results: The data collected from Emirati youths revealed that 50% of them supported the traditional perspective on marriage, 30% considered motherhood is the most important thing for women, and a small percentage supported economic independence of women and husband participation in household chores/child-rearing. On average Emirati youth ideally wished to have 5.4 children in their future families, with a preference for sons over daughters. Youths who favoured women’s economic independence and equal participation in household work contribution by spouses desired a lower number of children which is in line with the modernization theory and cultural evolution. Conclusion: The UAE has been facing continuous decline in fertility rates. The study indicates that ideal number of children is much higher than the current fertility rates in the country. To bridge this gap, the government could implement family policies that create an environment conducive to fulfilling the ideal desires of young Emiratis regarding family size. Moreover, present findings indicate that perceptions of equal gender roles could be a contributing factor to the declining fertility rates among the young generation. Promoting gender equality attitudes and strengthening institutional support for childbearing could become key strategy to address these issues.},
  author = {Shukla, Ankita and Karabchuk, Tatiana and Al Neyadi, Latifa Mohammed},
  doi = {10.1186/s12978-023-01677-x},
  issn = {17424755},
  journal = {Reproductive Health},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA5900 ; ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  m-study-id = {ISSP2012 ; EVS1981-2008},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-13},
  title = {Gender roles perceptions and ideal number of children: case study of Emirati youth},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-023-01677-x},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2023
}

@article{sundback2007membership,
  abstract = {The article treats the specifically Nordic paradox, of a high level of churchmembership in four national populations combining with a low level of religiouspractice and church attendance. This fact has often been explained as the outcomeof a spirit of a civil religiosity, which makes the church a symbol of thenation and of national culture. Church membership is in this view an aspect ofthe identification of individuals with their country. The concept of civil religiosityis here studied through the data from four Nordic countries in the 1999-2000 European Values Study survey, concentrating on variables that marginallyrelate to religious traditions without designating identification with churchdogmas. Through factor analysis Nordic civil religiosity seems to appear in twoforms; broadly, as carrying elements of traditional ritual behaviour and individualreligiosity, and, narrowly, as focusing on church-administered celebrationsof family rites of passage. Finally, a "civil religious" model as a prediction ofchurch-membership among the respondents is applied with varying results forthe four countries.},
  author = {Sundback, Susan},
  journal = {Implicit Religion},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  title = {Membership of Nordic 'National' Churches as a 'Civil Religious' Phenomenon},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2007
}

@article{hunter2025polarization,
  abstract = {Previous valuable scholarship has found that wealth inequality can affect political polarization within states. However, less is known regarding how overall levels of state wealth and online media consumption affect polarization. Thus, this study examines how state wealth and online media consumption affect polarization in 157 states from multiple regions and levels of development from 2000 to 2022. When including standard controls and controlling for potential endogeneity, the findings reveal that greater state wealth and online media consumption are associated with increased polarization. The rationale for the findings is that greater state wealth and online media consumption increase the prevalence of postmaterialist values within states that often clash with materialist values, leading to heightened polarization. These findings have important implications in considering how state wealth and online media consumption interact to influence polarization cross-nationally.},
  author = {Hunter, Lance Y.},
  doi = {10.1002/waf2.70019},
  issn = {00438200},
  journal = {World Affairs},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-17},
  title = {The Polarization Paradox: How State Wealth and Online Media Consumption Affect Polarization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/waf2.70019},
  volume = 188,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{nevitte1994vuelto,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Nevitte, Neil},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227, 9788481120226},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {285-308},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Se ha vuelto la gente más tolerante? Evidencias de la Encuesta Mundial de Valores 1981-1990},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{saleiro2025actitudes,
  abstract = {Este artículo analiza las actitudes hacia la división social del trabajo y las desigualdades de género en el trabajo remunerado y no remunerado en Portugal. El estudio se basó en una encuesta realizada a 2375 empleados de la administración pública local en la región de Cávado y utilizó indicadores validados de actitudes de género. El análisis de componentes principales (ACP) reveló tres dimensiones en relación con las actitudes de género: actitudes de género en la relación trabajo-familia; actitudes de género en las tareas domésticas y de cuidado; percepciones de la evolución de la igualdad de género. Se realizaron testes inferenciales bivariados (teste t y ANOVA unidireccional) para identificar y comparar los patrones de actitudes de género entre mujeres y hombres según la edad, la educación, la zona geográfica y la parentalidad. Los resultados muestran un progreso en las actitudes hacia la igualdad de género, especialmente entre las mujeres, lo que sugiere que la sociedad portuguesa difiere del régimen de género tradicional del sur de Europa. Sin embargo, también se identificaron tendencias de regresión entre los trabajadores masculinos más jóvenes, lo que puede suponer un mayor desafío para las políticas de igualdad de género.},
  author = {Saleiro, Sandra Palma and Barroso, Margarida Martins and da Silva, Sara Franco},
  doi = {10.22325/fes/res.2025.280},
  journal = {Revista Española de Sociología},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_meth article other},
  language = {other},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.1700 ; 10.4232/1.12661 ; 10.4232/1.11549},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA1700 v1.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0 ; ZA3782 v3.0.1},
  m-study-id = {ISSP1988 ; ISSP2012 ; EVS1999},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-25},
  title = {Actitudes hacia la igualdad de género en el trabajo y en la familia. El caso portugués entre la tradición y el cambio},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2025.280},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2025
}

@article{voicu1999modernitatea,
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  journal = {Revista de Cercetări Sociale},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {179-204},
  title = {Modernitatea între tradiţie şi postmodernism (Modernity Between Traditionalism and Postmodernity)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {3-4},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{melich1995national,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Melich, Anna},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196311},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {83-106},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {National Dissatisfaction and Distrust in Europe: the Case of Switzerland},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{stripp2022measuring,
  abstract = {In secular cultures, such as Denmark, tools to measure spiritual needs are warranted to guide existential and spiritual care. We examined the clinimetric properties of the Danish version of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (DA-SpNQ-20) based on a digital survey in a test–retest setup. A convenience sample was reached via social media and student platforms. A total of 325 (148 for retest) respondents were included in the analysis. The sample was randomly split into two groups (A and B) and used for exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) by structural equation modeling, respectively. SpNQ dimensions had an internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha between 0.73 and 0.93. The four factors of the SpNQ were supported by both EFA and CFA as follows: religious needs, existential needs, inner peace needs, and generativity needs. The instrument showed good internal consistency, good test–retest reliability, and acceptable structural validity in the sample of relatively young and healthy persons.},
  author = {Stripp, Tobias Kvist and Büssing, Arndt and Wehberg, Sonja and Andersen, Helene Støttrup and Kørup, Alex Kappel and Pedersen, Heidi Frølund and Søndergaard, Jens and Hvidt, Niels Christian},
  doi = {10.1007/s10943-022-01533-5},
  issn = {15736571},
  journal = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  number = 4,
  pages = {3542-3565},
  title = {Measuring Spiritual Needs in a Secular Society: Validation and Clinimetric Properties of the Danish 20-Item Spiritual Needs Questionnaire},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01533-5},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{rother2006becoming,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Rother, Nina and Medrano, J Díez},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {151-178},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Is the West Becoming More Tolerant?},
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{pickel2012religious,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Pickel, Gert and Gladkick, Anja},
  booktitle = {Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and Religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989-2010},
  editor = {Pickel, Gert and Sammet, Kornelia},
  isbn = {978-3-531-17540-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {69-94},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  title = {Religious Social Capital in Europe: Connections between Religiosity and Civil Society},
  url = {http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/164/bok%253A978-3-531-93326-9.pdf?auth66=1397129223_abb71ec3a48af907275412d6116f4a8f&ext=.pdf},
  year = 2012
}

@article{galland2002dimensions,
  abstract = {Trust in other people, which underpins all social life, both public and private, is evolving in different ways in different European countries. These trends, assessed via the European Values Surveys between 1981 and 1999, have been studied by Olivier Galland, who presents his findings here.He starts by identifying several factors that affect the level of trust: tolerance, permissiveness, altruism, social selectiveness and confidence in institutions. It appears from the initial research that the countries of Eastern Europe are the most selective, while the countries of Northern Europe are the most permissive and trusting. Although the sense of belonging to a community is similar from country to country, trust, selectiveness and permissiveness vary greatly. Two countries stand out: Ireland for its high moral standards and high level of social integration; and France, which is permissive with an exceptionally low level of trust.Another observation is confirmed by the surveys: the relationship between the level of trust in a given country and the degree to which its inhabitants are active in voluntary organizations, although the correlation between trust and sociableness is not automatic. In France, for example, there is a low level of trust and little participation in voluntary organizations, but a lot of socializing with friends. Then, having measured and ranked the amount of tolerance, altruism and social integration, Olivier Galland offers the following typology of Europeans: at the top of the social ranking are the "modern integrated" Northern Europeans, who are Protestant and with a strong civic sense; the "hyperpermissive" group, also in Northern Europe but in Austria and Spain as well, aged between 30 and 49, politically on the Left, postmaterialist and with no religious beliefs; the strong individualists, who are found in the Roman Catholic and Mediterranean lands, disproportionately in France, with their traditional values; the "integrated traditionalists" of Central and Southern Europe, who are elderly, from a rural background, deeply involved in family life, with strong religious beliefs and politically on the Right; lastly, the "poorly integrated traditionalists", without strong political or religious views, such as many Italian entrepreneurs.The author concludes that trust and permissiveness go together. Nevertheless he stresses that this openness is selective and may be combined, especially among young people, with a decline in social integration. The collapse of a religious underpinning for moral standards leaves people freer to choose their moral values, but also their allegiances and the company they keep.REVIEWThe author identifies several factors affecting the level of trust. The initial research reveals that Eastern European countries are the most selective & the countries of Northern Europe the most permissive. Even though, the sense of belonging to a community is similar from country to country, trust, selectiveness, & permissiveness vary greatly. The surveys also confirm the relationship between the level of trust & the degree of joining voluntary organizations. The author offers a typology of Europeans after having measured the amount of tolerance, altruism, & social integration. He concludes that trust develops together with permissiveness However, he states that this openness is selective & may be combined, particularly among young people, with a decline in social integration. The breakdown of the moral framework of religion facilitates the free choice of moral values but also those of relationships. 6 Tables, 12 Figures. E. Sanchez.},
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  issn = {0337307X},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {15-39},
  title = {Les dimensions de la confiance (The Dimensions of Trust)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@article{cheng2024aversion,
  abstract = {The term “natural” is ubiquitous in advertising and branding, but limited research has investigated how consumers respond and relate to naturalness. Some researchers have documented preferences for natural products, specifically food, but there has been scant investigation of the psychological antecedents of such preferences, especially in the critical, multi-trillion-dollar domain of healthcare. Using publicly available country-level data from 41 countries and individual-level experimental and survey data from the lab and online panels, we find converging evidence that consumers do indeed differ in their preferences for relatively natural versus artificial healthcare options. These differences are influenced by the extent to which they subscribe to the Protestant Work Ethic (PWE)—a belief system that influences judgments and behaviors across diverse domains—such that people who subscribe strongly (vs. weakly) to the PWE are more likely to prefer natural healthcare options because they are more averse to external intervention in general. Further, belief in the PWE makes consumers more sensitive to the intrusiveness of an intervention than to its extent. Theoretical and substantive implications are discussed.},
  author = {Cheng, Yimin and Mukhopadhyay, Anirban},
  doi = {10.1093/jcr/ucae033},
  issn = {00935301},
  journal = {Journal of Consumer Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  number = 4,
  pages = {679–697},
  title = {An Aversion to Intervention: How the Protestant Work Ethic Influences Preferences for Natural Healthcare},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucae033},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{lambert2001religion,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  editor = {Galland, Oliver and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {2747517985},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {Religion: croire sans appartenir},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{noelleneumann1986portrt,
  address = {Würzburg},
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth},
  booktitle = {Wirkung des Schöpferischen. Kurt Herberts zum 85. Geburtstag},
  editor = {Bossle, Lothar},
  isbn = {3892470006},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {459-463},
  publisher = {Creator Verlag},
  title = {Porträt der Deutschen oder: Der Versuch, einen nationalen Charakter zu veränderen},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1986
}

@article{kirbis2023environmental,
  abstract = {Research shows that education increases environmental attitudes, yet there is a lack of studies examining young people’s attitudes and the role of various educational characteristics in youth’s environmental engagement. The main aim of our study was to examine how several educational characteristics of young people and their parents impact youth’s environmental attitudes. We employed a survey sample of 14–34-year-olds (N = 1508; Mage = 19.25 years) collected in January 2020. The impact of five educational variables was tested: maternal and paternal educational level; students’ educational stage (primary, secondary and tertiary school students); educational track of secondary students (vocational, professional and general); and youth’s educational status (currently in education vs. not in education). We controlled for several demographic and economic confounding factors in multivariate analyses. These indicate significant between-track differences in environmental attitudes among secondary school students, while educational status and educational stage have no significant impact on environmental attitudes. In addition, the father’s (but not the mother’s) education increases Slovenian youngsters’ environmental attitudes. As findings indicate significant differences between educational tracks of secondary students independent of their parental education and other personal and family characteristics, educators may want to revise vocational and professional secondary school syllabuses to include an increased number of environmental, climate change and sustainability topics.},
  author = {Kirbiš, Andrej},
  doi = {10.3390/su151511921},
  issn = {20711050},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  number = 15,
  pages = {1-14},
  title = {Environmental Attitudes among Youth: How Much Do the Educational Characteristics of Parents and Young People Matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511921},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2023
}

@article{koirikivi2023values,
  abstract = {Prejudices are innate to the human condition and at the base of most conflicts between social groups. Yet, despite much local and global educational effort to promote equality and peace, expressions of hate and violence are omnipresent across the globe. For gaining more understanding about the complex relationship between values and beliefs that influence people?s prejudiced attitudes towards others, this study investigates how Finnish upper-secondary level students (16- to 20-year-olds), on the one hand, affiliate themselves with self-transcendent values, and on the other hand, narrate prejudices towards others. The complementary quantitative (n = 2873) and qualitative (n = 2200) survey responses show that the young people regarded equality and the promotion of peace as the most important values for themselves but, despite this explicit appreciation of these self-transcendent values, they also exhibit several types of prejudice towards others. The findings show that the youth narratives of prejudices are mainly justified with their prior experiences, their imaginaries related to insecurity, disturbances, and conflicts with people who they deem to have lifestyles different from their own. This study expands existing knowledge by suggesting that the main rationales behind young people?s prejudices are not based on traditional social categorisations, or core values, but on differences expressed through individual lifestyles.},
  author = {Koirikivi, Pia and Benjamin, Saija and Kuusisto, Arniika and Gearon, Liam},
  doi = {10.1080/13617672.2021.2010266},
  issn = {13617672},
  journal = {Journal of Beliefs & Values},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  number = 1,
  pages = {32-46},
  title = {Values, lifestyles, and narratives of prejudices amongst Finnish youth},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2021.2010266},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2023
}

@article{deregt2012religiosity,
  abstract = {In this study, the author examines the association between authoritarianism, social dominance orientation (SDO), and religiosity. She tested these associations in three sociopolitical contexts (i.e., Italy, Finland, and Estonia) based on representative samples. In all three countries, religious people were found to be more authoritarian and less socially dominant. Dallago, Cima, Roccato, Ricolfi, and Mirisola (2008) showed that religiosity decreases the correlation between SDO and authoritarianism in Italy. Their results are replicated in this study, using a more advanced measure of religiosity. The author also obtained cross-cultural confirmation in Finland. In both countries, she found hardly any relation between authoritarianism and SDO at high levels of religiosity; moderate relations were found at moderate levels of religiosity, and strong associations were found amongst nonreligious respondents. The association between authoritarianism and SDO was not influenced by religiosity in Estonia, a country with a history of communism and a high secularization rate.},
  author = {de Regt, Sabrina},
  doi = {10.1080/10508619.2012.635045},
  journal = {The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {31-41},
  title = {Religiosity as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation: A Cross-Cultural Comparison},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10508619.2012.635045#.U3NADfl_vuI},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{inglehart1999postmodernization,
  abstract = {Presents an analysis of the reasons for the post-modern shift to declining respect for/deference to authority among the publics of advanced industrial societies, and of the accompanying growing support for democracy. The early sections discuss: the changing emphasis on key aspects of life during the shift from modernization to post-modernization; the authoritarian reflex that occurs in periods of rapid change and insecurityin contrast to the greater emphasis on individual autonomy and diminishing deference to authority under conditions of prosperity and security that occurs in the post-modern shift; and declining confidence in hierarchical institutions in post-modern societies. The later part of the chapter examines predicted and observed changes in cross-national norms concerning the authority using data from the three waves of the World Values Survey (19811997). Using these same data, it also examines the decline of confidence in the most hierarchical institutions of the survey countries over this time periodi.e. the armed forces, the police, and the church, and looks at support for strong leadership in relation to percentage priority to post-materialist goals.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Inglehart, R.},
  booktitle = {Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Government},
  editor = {Norris, P.},
  isbn = {978-0198295686},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {236-257},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Postmodernization erodes respect for authority but increases support for democracy},
  year = 1999
}

@article{mazzoni2022experimental,
  abstract = {In this paper, we present the results of an experiment conducted in Italy on trusting behaviour. Our subjects participated in a trust game and filled in a questionnaire on trust and trustworthiness based on the attitudinal questions reported in the European Value Survey. The aims of the research are twofold. Firstly, using the experimental dataset, we construct two measures of trustworthiness among all recipients in the experiment, one based on the questionnaires&rsquo; answers and another based on the strategy method. We then compare the ex-ante behavioural decision to trust (before participants are allocated to a group) with the ex-post decision to trust (after participants are allocated to a group and trustors are informed of the level of trustworthiness of all the recipients who have been randomly allocated to each group). Our main finding is that trust strongly varies once the information is disclosed to trustors. The effect on trust is greater when the strategy method is used. Secondly, we compare the behavioural measure of trust with the attitudinal measures of trust and trustworthiness and find that there is only a weak correlation between the two measures, thus confirming, for the Italian case, similar findings in country-based studies on trust.},
  author = {Mazzoni, Clelia and Sbriglia, Patrizia},
  doi = {10.3390/g13060079},
  issn = {20734336},
  journal = {Games},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {undefined},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1-11},
  title = {An Experimental Investigation of Trusting Behaviour},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/g13060079},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{topf1995political,
  abstract = {Moves beyond the analysis of electoral turnout presented in the preceding chapter to look at wider forms of participation in the democratic process. It offers a general discussion of typologies of political activity and involvement. Taking trends across Western Europe as a whole, it concludes that, whereas electoral turnout has remained remarkably stable, political participation beyond voting has risen dramatically.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Topf, R.},
  booktitle = {Citizens and the State},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10888},
  editor = {Klingemann, H D. and Fuchs, D.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA1750},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {52-91},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EB31},
  title = {Political involvement: Beyond electoral participation},
  year = 1995
}

@article{brechon2004valeurs,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {23-25},
  title = {Les valeurs des Français : Comparaisons avec les autres pays européens},
  url = {http://www.acs-aec.ca/en/publications/canadian-issues/},
  year = 2004
}

@article{aram1995economic,
  abstract = {Spain has experienced dramatic political and economic changes in the last several decades. In particular, joining the European Community in 1985 marked a point of economic policy change and acceleration of economic growth for Spain. Based primarily on the results of two national social surveys in 1981 and 1990, this paper examines changes in Spanish social values that corresponded to this period of economic liberalization. While necessarily speculative, the paper concludes that economic reform may have had both integrative and disintegrative influences on social values and that the extent of the country's economic growth in the last half of the decade was probably insufficient to capture additional social benefits of economic advancement.},
  author = {Aram, J D.},
  journal = {Journal of Socio-Economics},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {151-167},
  title = {Economic liberalization and social values: Spain in the decade of the 1980s},
  volume = 24,
  year = 1995
}

@article{lambert2002religion,
  abstract = {En France, de l'après guerre au milieu des années soixante, la plupart des indicateurs religieux sont stables. C'est alors que s'amorce une rupture. La croyance en Dieu et la pratique culturelle baissent sensiblement, tandis que l'appartenance religieuse résiste. Ce recul dure jusqu'à la fin des années soixante-dix. Depuis 1985, les constats sont ambigus. Si le sentiment d'appartenance à une religion, la pratique et la reproduction religieuse sont en recul, d'autres signes montrent au contraire une résurgence du religieux : la croyance en une vie après la mort, la prière par exemple. Désormais, le religieux semble aussi se développer hors du cadre d'une religion donnée : il témoignerait plutôt d'une attitude plus pragmatique et plus individualisée.},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  journal = {Données sociales 2002-2003},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 11,
  pages = {565-579},
  title = {La religion en France des années soixante à nos jours},
  url = {http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00177560/},
  year = 2002
}

@article{inglehart2002gender,
  abstract = {Previous research has consistently found that men and women have similar levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and other global measures of subjective well-being. This article demonstrates that significant gender-related differences in subjective well-being exist-but tend to be concealed by an interaction effect between age, gender and well-being. Women under 45 tend to be happier than men; but older women are less happy. Thus, in a pooled sample of 146, 000 respondents from 65 societies, among the youngest group, 24 percent of the men and 28 percent of the women describe themselves as very happy; but among the oldest group, only 20 percent of the women describe themselves as very happy, while 25 percent of the men do so. The relationship between gender and well-being reverses itself moving from a female advantage of 4 points to a deficit of 5 points. Given the huge sample size, these differences are high v significant. The aspiration-adjustment model implies that, despite their continuing disadvantages in income, status, and power women of today should show higher levels of subjective well-being than men. A global women movement has been pushing for gender equality throughout the world, with some success, so that currently, women achievement tends to be above traditional aspiration levels. But this is offset by a systematic tendency to devalue older women. This tendency is particularly strong in advanced industrial societies where women have made the most progress-but where the mass media and advertising convey the message that only young women are beautiful and devalue the social worth of older women (Bluhm 2000). This produces an interaction between gender age, and well-being that conceals statistically significant and theoretically interesting gender differences in subjective well-being.},
  author = {Inglehart, R.},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {3-5},
  pages = {391-408},
  title = {Gender, aging, and subjective well-being},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{halman2004religious,
  address = {Boston},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Draulans, V.J.R.},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {283-316},
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {Religious beliefs and practices in contemporary Europe},
  year = 2004
}

@article{schuur1995measuring,
  abstract = {Factor analysis of the items in the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale has repeatedly shown that the positive and negative affect items are unrelated. Despite this, negative affect scores are routinely subtracted from positive affect scores to derive Affect Balance Scale Scores that apparently provide a valid measure of a sense of well-being. In this paper we offer a resolution to this paradox - and so justify the use of Affect Balance Scale Scores - by showing that the positive and negative affect items each form a single cumulative scale, and that the two cumulative scales taken together form one unidimensional unfolding scale. This explanation is based on a hypothesis by Coombs and Kao (1960) - later proved mathematically by Ross and Cliff (1964) - that when data that are unfoldable in r dimensions are factor-analyzed, r + 1 significant factors will be found. In an empirical test, Bradburn Affect Balance Scale data collected from ten countries in the 1981 and 1990 European Values Study surveys were analyzed. The results clearly support the hypothesis that the data form a single unidimensional unfolding scale, although two of the ten Affect Balance Scale items are not homogenous with the rest.},
  author = {Schuur, W van and Kruijtbosch, M.},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {49-74},
  title = {Measuring subjective well-being: Unfolding the Bradburn affect balance scale},
  volume = 36,
  year = 1995
}

@article{kieran2022blending,
  abstract = {This article presents the findings of a two-year research project investigating four hundred third-level Initial Teacher Education (ite) students’ perceptions of the religiously unaffiliated in Ireland. The research was undertaken in two Third Level Catholic colleges of education in the Republic of Ireland (roi). A brief overview of some contemporary cultural, educational and ecclesial factors impacting on participants’ lived experiences and perceptions of Catholicism is provided. Irish society is changing rapidly and the religiously unaffiliated are the fastest growing belief group in the 2016 Census (cso 2016). A major part of the research focuses on the religious or belief affiliation of the sample group. It explores how participants’ personal religious and convictional perspectives impact on their own lives as well as their understandings of their future professional roles as educators in Ireland’s primary school system. Drawing on the research survey and interview data the article explores participants’ belief fluidity which blends belief in Roman Catholicism with belief in crystals, chakras, reincarnation, gods, and magic among others. The researchers analyses what these findings might reveal about lived Catholicism in the contemporary Irish context.},
  author = {Kieran, Patricia M. and Mullally, Aiveen},
  doi = {10.1163/22144471-bja10037},
  journal = {Ecclesial Practices},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 1,
  pages = {47-68},
  title = {Blending Catholicism with Chi, Chakras and Crystals: Research on the Lived Reality of Catholicism among Pre-Service Postgraduate Student Teachers in Catholic Third Level Colleges in the Republic of Ireland (roi)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/22144471-bja10037},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2022
}

@article{nergard1986nordmenns,
  author = {Nergård, Trude B. and Molven, Olav},
  issn = {291528},
  journal = {Nordisk tidsskrift for kriminalvitenskap},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  title = {Nordmenns holdning til vinningskriminalitet},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1986
}

@article{crpic2000ensko,
  abstract = {The authors emphasise that gender is not only a biological category and not only biologically conditioned, but that various social connotations and interpretations of gender roles in society need to be borne in mind. The idea of equality of the sexes develops on the basis of Judeo-Christian teachings about man, »male« and »female« created in the image of God, from which, the authors stress, develops the concept of human dignity and human rights.The basic hypothesis that they are testing is: the process of individualisation has firmly caught hold of Croatian society and influenced changes in gender roles in society. Results of research carried out in Croatia were compared to results of research carried out in other European countries in 1991 - the European Value Study project (EVS) -with particular attention paid to France and Ireland. Research is done on the basis of a questionnaire that has been standardised for all counties participating in EVS-99.The first variable that is analysed relates to the employment of mothers with children. 73.5% of Croatians state that a working mother is equally able to establish a quality relationship with her child as is a mother who does not work. The same percentage was found in France in 1990 (72%). In Croatia, the percentage of those agreeing with the above statement is significantly higher among women, particularly women in the 18 to 24 age group (90.3%).The second statement is that a preschool aged child will suffer if his mother works. 55.6% of respondents agree with this statement, although for women in the 18 to 24 age group the percentage agreeing is only 36%. 54.7% of respondents agree with the statement that what women really want is a home and children, while for men across all age groups the percentage is 60%. For women the percentage varies according to age group; 79.6% of women over 55 agree with the statement, compared to 38.4% of women between the ages of 18 and 24. Next is the statement that the work of a housewife is as fulfilling as paid employment. 45,3% of respondents agree with this statement, about 50% of men across all age groups, about 60% of women over 55, and 36% of women between 18 and 24 years of age, 73.6% of respondents agree with the statement that employment is the best way for a woman to be independent. The percentage is over 80% for female respondents across all age groups, while for male respondents the percentage varies according to age group. It is interesting to note that young respondents more rarely agree that employment is necessary for a woman to be independent. The greatest level of agreement was with the statement that for houshold upkeep both spouses need to work, and there were no differences according to gender. 94.4% of respondents agree with the statement. 68.3% of respondents agree with the statement that fathers are equally capable of taking care of children, with a greater percentage of men agreeing than women. Women also more often agree that men are less capable of controlling their emotions in interpersonal relations. It has been noted that men consider themselves equally competent to women in traditional female roles, and that women consider themselves equally competent to men in traditional male roles. This inversion indicates that the process of transformation of gender roles is not yet complete.Regarding religiosity, results show that women over 25 go to church more often than men, while this percentage evens out far the 18 to 24 age group. Abortion for a woman who is unmarried is approved of by between 50 and 60% depending on the age group, while among women the percentage grows to 68% for the 18 to 24 age group. Abortion for a couple who do not want more children is approved of by 45-50% of men, and 55-60% of women. Among those who attend church at least once a week, abortion for a young girl that gets pregnant is approved of by 39.5% of men and 36% of women. For the 18 to 24 age group, 48% of men approve, and 49% of women. Abortion for a couple not wanting more children is approved of by 31,6% of men and 29.4% of women believers, and the percentages far the 18 to 24 age group, 37% if men approve, and 39.4% of women. These figures are quite high considering that they refer to practising believers, those who could be counted among »core members«. With respect to political preferences, women more often more highly value equality, and men freedom.Finally, the authors conclude that men across all age groups are more strongly under the influence of traditional views of gender roles in society, while among women there has been a notable shift in the direction of individualisation. With respect to gender roles, young women demonstrate a significantly higher degree of individualisation than the rest of Croatian society, even than their male peers.They conclude that the proposed hypothesis regarding the influence of the process of individualisation on Croatian society is confirmed. This process has taken hold of Croatian society in various dynamics and levels of intensity. This influence is most evident among young women between the ages of 18 and 24. The authors stress the need for the process of individualisation to be followed by the process of personalisation, in order to avoid falling once again into collectivism based on new principles.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Črpić, Gordan and Bišćan, Željka},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {421-442},
  title = {Muško i žensko između uloge i osobe. Ispitivanje promjene uloga spolova u hrvatskom društvu (Male and Female Between Role and Personality. Investigation of the role of gender changes in Croatian society)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49416},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@article{inglehart1997diminishing,
  abstract = {In The Joyless Economy: An Inquiry into Human Satisfaction and Consumer Dissatisfaction (1976), Tibor Scitovsky questioned the assumption that human happiness will be augmented if the level of consumption rises or becomes more uniform over time. Analysis of the 1990-1993 World Values Survey suggests that his doubts were well founded. Although economic gains apparently make a major contribution to subjective well-being as one moves from societies at the subsistence level to those with moderate levels of economic development, further economic growth seems to have little or no impact on subjective well-being. This transition seems to reflect a basic cultural change that results in the diminishing marginal utility of economic growth.},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  issn = {8913811},
  journal = {Critical Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Politics and Society},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {509-531},
  title = {The Diminishing Utility of Economic Growth: From Maximizing Security toward Maximizing Subjective Well Being},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 10,
  year = 1997
}

@article{ejerfeldt1985religion,
  author = {Ejerfeldt, Lennart},
  journal = {Signum},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {109-111},
  title = {Religion och värderingar i Europa (x- Religion and Values in Europe)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 11,
  year = 1985
}

@incollection{inglehart2003islamic,
  abstract = {In seeking to understand the root causes of the events of 9/11 many accounts have turned to Samuel P. Huntington's provocative and controversial thesis of a 'clash of civilizations', arousing strong debate. Evidence from the 1995-2001 waves of the World Values Survey/European Values Survey (WVS/EVS) allows us, for the first time, to examine an extensive body of empirical evidence relating to this debate. Comparative analysis of the beliefs and values of Islamic and non-Islamic publics in 75 societies around the globe, confirms the first claim in Huntington's thesis: culture does matter, and indeed matters a lot, so that religious legacies leave a distinct imprint on contemporary values. But Huntington is mistaken in assuming that the core clash between the West and Islamic worlds concern democracy. The evidence suggests striking similarities in the political values held in these societies. It is true that Islamic publics differ from Western publics concerning the role of religious leadership in society, but this is not a simple dichotomous clash - many non-Islamic societies side with the Islamic ones on this issue. Moreover the Huntington thesis fails to identify the most basic cultural fault line between the West and Islam, which concerns the issues of gender equality and sexual liberalization. The cultural gulf separating Islam from the West involves Eros far more than Demos.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Norris, Pippa},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {5-33},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis},
  year = 2003
}

@article{adolfsen2010multiple,
  abstract = {Attitudes toward homosexuality are complex. To get a comprehensi veview on the attitudes of people, different dimensions need to be included in research. Based on a review of the literature, we distinguish five dimensions: acceptance of homosexuality in a general sense; attitude toward equal rights; reactions to homosexuality "at close quarters"; reactions to homosexuality in public; and so-called modern homonegativity. In a study on a representative sample of Dutch Defence personnel(N=1,607) we tested this model. Structural equation modeling of several items measuring the attitude toward homosexuality offers a six factor solution. These six factors are more or less comparable to the five dimensions we distinguished.The dimension "reactions to homosexuality at close quarters" is, however, empirically split in a dimension on affective reactions to homosexuality and homosexual persons in general and a dimension on affective reaction to homosexual friends or acquaintances.},
  author = {Adolfsen, A.},
  journal = {Journal of Homosexuality},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1237-1257},
  title = {Multiple Dimensions of Attitudes About Homosexuality: Development of a Multifaceted Scale Measuring Attitudes Toward Homosexuality},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2010
}

@article{kramer2023individualism,
  abstract = {This paper explores how cultural values associated with individualism versus collectivism affect attitudes toward racial tolerance. Individualism refers to social norms and cultural values that support individual rights and self-determination. Therefore, individualism is inherently egalitarian and should transcend racial identities, fostering attitudes of racial tolerance. To empirically examine the correlation between values associated with individualism and attitudes favoring racial tolerance, individual-level data from the Integrated Values Surveys is collected across multiple countries and over a span of time (1981–2021). The results indicate a positive association between individualism and racially tolerant attitudes. Furthermore, this conclusion remains robust after controlling for demographic and socio-economic variables such as income, education, religious affiliation and attendance, social trust, as well as country and time fixed effects. The within-country analysis enables the isolation of the impact of individualism from other potential confounding factors.},
  author = {Kramer, Claudia Williamson},
  doi = {10.1007/s11127-023-01079-4},
  issn = {15737101},
  journal = {Public Choice},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  pages = {1-24},
  title = {Individualism and racial tolerance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-023-01079-4},
  year = 2023
}

@book{melich1991werte,
  address = {Berne},
  annotation = {French version: Les Valuers des Suisses},
  author = {Melich, Anna},
  editor = {Melich, Anna},
  isbn = {3261044977},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Lang Verlag},
  title = {Die Werte der Schweizer},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1991
}

@incollection{fogarty1985british,
  address = {London},
  author = {Fogarty, M P.},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {033338670, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {173-200},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  series = {Studies in the Contemporary Values of Modern Society},
  title = {British Attitudes to Work},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{kerkhofs1983westeuropa,
  annotation = {november},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Streven},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {99-109},
  title = {God in West-Europa (God in Western Europe)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1983
}

@incollection{riis1995secolarizzazione,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {407-444},
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {La secolarizzazione in Scandinavia (x- Secularization in Scandinavia)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{harding1995aspettative,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Harding, Stephen},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {289-304},
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {Aspettative e opinioni dei lavoratori dipendenti: tendenze emergenti nell' Europa occidentale},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{arts2004european,
  address = {Leiden/ Boston},
  author = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  journal = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {1-24},
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium: an Introduction},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{scott2006individualization,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Scott, Jacqueline and Brown, Michael},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {61-87},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Individualization of Family Values?},
  year = 2006
}

@article{brechon1995jeunes,
  address = {Tours},
  annotation = {special issue},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Literature et Nation},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {75-87},
  title = {Les jeunes et l'Europe: Enquete comparative internationale (x- Youth and Europe. A Comparative International Survey)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1995
}

@article{mitrikas2000seimos,
  annotation = {Summary in English, p. 526.},
  author = {Mitrikas, A Algimantas},
  journal = {Kulturologija},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {295-323},
  title = {Seimos vertybiu pokyciai (Family Values Change)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2000
}

@book{ester2006globalization,
  abstract = {Values are a hot topic in Europe, both in the public and political debate as well as in the social sciences. Is Europe a community of values? What are the cultural borders of the European Union? How united are Europeans with respect to their fundamental values? How does globalization affect European values? Do national values vanish?There is also a clear moral overtone in the debate: basic values are believed to erode, community values are waning, values become fragmented, and civic engagement is rapidly declining while hedonism and consumerism are prevailing. But are these far-reaching assumptions true? Answers are provided in this book.The three core issues that guide the various chapters in this book are the following: do basic values in European countries converge or diverge? Do we observe a marked decline in traditional values in European societies? Is it the youngest generation in Europe that embraces new values?},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  number = 10,
  pages = 327,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{galland2001conclusion,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  editor = {Galland, Olivier and Roudet, Bernard},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {Conclusion: Les valeurs des jeunes et des adultes se sont rapprochées},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@book{hamberg1989kristen,
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Hamberg, E M.},
  keywords = {1989 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 102,
  publisher = {Religionssociologiska Institutet},
  title = {Kristen på mitt eget sätt},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1989
}

@techreport{hlavac2011subjective,
  abstract = {In recent years, the idea that public policy should maximize satisfaction, happiness orsome other non-material measure of well-being has received a great deal of attention. In thispaper, I conduct an empirical study of the determinants of subjective life satisfaction (SLS) in theEuropean Union using data from the most recent, 2008/2009, wave of the European ValuesStudy. In particular, I examine the association between SLS and two kinds of individual-levelcharacteristics: demographic (age, gender, foreign-born and marital status) and socio-economic(education, monthly household income, employment and student status). I find that, of theeconomic variables, employed status and higher household income are associated with greaterSLS. These findings suggest that a traditional economic policy focused on reducingunemployment and on increasing real incomes can go a long way in improving citizens lifesatisfaction.},
  author = {Hlavac, Marek},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.1853623},
  institution = {Social Science Research Network},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  title = {Subjective Life Satisfaction in the European Union: Determinants and Policy Implications},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1853623},
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{watson1985subjectivism,
  address = {London},
  author = {Watson, D.},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {0333386760, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {279-296},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  title = {Subjectivism and Social Planning},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@incollection{witte2004european,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Witte, H. de and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Gelissen, J.P.T.M.},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {255-279},
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {European work orientations at the end of the twentieth century},
  year = 2004
}

@article{voye2012imminent,
  abstract = {The last European Values Study (EVS 2009) confirms the results of the three preceding EVS concerning the crumbling of links with the Church, the net fall in religious practices, in orthodoxy of beliefs and acceptance of ecclesiastic precepts in ethical matters. The Study also shows that the fall in these indicators is accentuated among younger people, of whom almost 70% are without any link to the Church since at least a generation. This EVS shows among other things, that confidence in the Church is diminishing strongly and that the replies it gives to spiritual, moral, familial and social problems are judged by a majority of people to be inadequate. Even if the catholic 'pillar' still seems to manifest itself in certain cultural specificities, most of its institutions have distanced themselves from the Church. If one adds to these observations the fact that, among the qualities to be developed among children, religious education comes in last place, it seems that progressively instituted catholic religion is moving away from the culture which is that of modern society.},
  author = {Voyé, Liliane and Dobbelaere, Karel},
  journal = {Revue Theologique de Louvain},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {3-26},
  title = {An imminent deculturation : the marginalization of the Catholic Church in Belgium [Une déculturation annoncée. De la marginalisation de l'Église Catholique en Belgique]},
  url = {http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=2146576&journal_code=RTL},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{gundelach2002familievrdierne,
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Familieværdierne består},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@book{davie2000religion,
  abstract = {Very few of the existing sociological texts which compare different European societies on specific topics are accessible to a broad range of scholars and students. The European Societies series will help fill this gap in the literature, and attempt to answer questions such as: Is there really such a thing as a 'European model' of society? Do the economic and political integration processes of the European Union also imply convergence in more general aspects of social life, like family or religious behaviour? What do the societies of Western Europe have in common with those further to the east?This series will cover the full range of European countries. As well as surveying existing knowledge in a way that will be useful to students, each book will also seek to contribute to our growing knowledge of what remains in many aspects a sociologically unknown continent.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Davie, G.},
  isbn = {198280653},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 218,
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  series = {European Societies},
  title = {Religion in Modern Europe: A Memory Mutates},
  year = 2000
}

@article{inglehart1999felicita,
  abstract = {In a longitudinal study, the Euro-Barometer, which assesses European attitudes, Italians show among the consistently lowest levels of satisfaction with their lives in Europe (between 8%-18%, 1973-1998). However, it is acknowledged that different languages & cultures attach different meanings to the term "satisfaction," & it is also noted that Italians in the prosperous North are more likely to consider themselves happy than those in the South. Another variable that affects results is age, with happiness more common among the younger in the 1970s (although by the 1980s, this lead disappears). Worldwide satisfaction rates are compared & contrasted, with the highest rates of happiness & satisfaction found in northern Europe, & the lowest in the former Soviet Union. In addition, the highest levels of happiness were found in the Protestant democracies of northern Europe & in some Catholic countries in Western Europe, such as France & Austria.},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Ferrari Occhinero, Marisa},
  issn = {380156},
  journal = {Sociologia},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {3-14},
  title = {Felicita e democrazia: l'Italia in una prospettiva globale (Happiness and Democracy: Italy in a Global Perspective)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 33,
  year = 1999
}

@book{baloban2004crkvenost,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  isbn = {9532410066},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 264,
  publisher = {Glas Koncila},
  title = {Crkvenost i obitelj pred izazovima (Churchness and family afore challenges)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{holscher2012transnationale,
  address = {Göttingen},
  author = {Hölscher, Michael},
  booktitle = {Kulturen der Weltwirtschaft},
  editor = {Abelshauser, Werner and Gilgen, Davic and Leutzsc, Andreas},
  isbn = {978-3-525-36424-6},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {182-201},
  publisher = {Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht},
  title = {Transnationale Wirtschaftskulturen in Europa : empirische Befunde},
  url = {http://www.v-r.de/de/title-0-0/kulturen_der_weltwirtschaft-1007472/},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{baloban2004beitrag,
  address = {München},
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  booktitle = {Herausforderung Europa. Die Christen im Spannungsfeld von nationaler Identität, demokratischer Gesellschaft und politischer Kultur, Reihe: Argumente und Materialien zu Zeitgeschehen},
  editor = {Baloban, Stjepan and Rauscher, Anton},
  isbn = {3887952774},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro german incollection},
  number = 43,
  pages = {133-137},
  publisher = {Hans-Seidel-Stiftung e. V.},
  title = {Der Beitrag der katholischen Kirche für einen EU-Beitritt Kroatiens: Sieben Thesen},
  type = {Book Section},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2004
}

@article{voicu2012measuring,
  abstract = {Large scale comparative studies, such as the value surveys (EVS and WVS) or the Eurobarometer, include measurements for parental/child-rearing values. This reflects a persistent interest for the topic, which produced salient studies starting with the first half of the twentieth century (Lynd and Lund 1929; Duvall 1946). Various scholars report data on parental values which use versions of the Q-sort methodology (Kohn 1977), ranking variables (Alwin 1990; Lenski 1961), scale indicators (Tulviste et al. 2007). Q-sort methodology remains the most widely employed. One of its versions is included in the value surveys as well. However, it fails to produce comparable indicators in different countries (Rabuic 2011; Xiao 2001) or at different moments in time (Wright and Wright 1976). This paper uses original data, provided by a Romanian convenience sample, to check if using various versions of the EVS/WVS items may lead to better ways to produce synthetic indicators for parental-values at individual level. SEM models are used to show that the best analytic solution would be to use individual items instead of producing summative indexes.},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  journal = {Social Change Review},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {47-70},
  title = {Measuring Child-Rearing Values. A Research Note},
  url = {http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedetails.aspx?issueid=70057212-47c9-428d-9e6d-fe9f7c047f80&articleId=4a0c2850-94e3-44ae-b9fa-bf6b150f5393},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{halman1999religion,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society. The Europeans' religion ate the end of the 20th century},
  editor = {Halman, L. and Riis, O.},
  isbn = {9036197406},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 5,
  pages = {131-152},
  publisher = {Tilbug University Press},
  series = {European values studies},
  title = {Religion and Social Capital Revisited},
  year = 1999
}

@article{anheier2002interpersonal,
  abstract = {The relationship between interpersonal trust and membership in voluntary associations is a persistent research finding in sociology. What is more, the notion of trust has become a central issue in current social science theorizing covering such diverse approaches as transaction costs economics or cognitive sociology. In different ways and for different purposes, these approaches address the role of voluntary organizations, although, as this paper argues, much of this thinking remains sketchy and underdeveloped. Against an empirical portrait of this relationship, the purpose of this paper is to assess such theorizing. We first set out to explicate major approaches to trust in economics, sociology and political science, using the non-profit or voluntary organization as a focal point. We then examine the various approaches in terms of their strengths and weaknesses, and, finally, identify key areas for theoretical development. In particular, we point to the social movement literature, the social psychology of trust, and recent thinking about civil society.},
  author = {Anheier, H. and Kendall, J.},
  journal = {British Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {343-362},
  title = {Interpersonal trust and voluntary associations: examining three approaches},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2002
}

@article{halman1996individualism,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  issn = {207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {195-214},
  title = {Individualism in individualized society? Results from the European values surveys},
  year = 1996
}

@article{reilly2012about,
  abstract = {Large majorities in nearly every country support democracy, according to studies of cross-national surveys. But many of these reports have treated as missing data persons who did not provide a substantive response when asked to offer an opinion about the suitability of democracy as a regime type for their country, which has led to substantial overestimates of expressed support for democracy in some countries. This article discusses the consequences of excluding such nonsubstantive responses and offers suggestions to improve the study of popular support for democracy.},
  author = {Reilly, Jonathan and Zigerell, L.J.},
  journal = {Political Science & Politics},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {462-468},
  title = {Don't Know Much about Democracy:Reporting Survey Data with Nonsubstantive Responses},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2012
}

@book{inglehart1997modernization,
  abstract = {Economic, technological, and sociopolitical changes have been transforming the cultures of advanced industrial societies in profoundly important ways during the past few decades. This ambitious work examines changes in religious beliefs, in motives for work, in the issues that give rise to political conflict, in the importance people attach to having children and families, and in attitudes toward divorce, abortion, and homosexuality. Ronald Inglehart's earlier book, The Silent Revolution (Princeton, 1977), broke new ground by discovering a major intergenerational shift in the values of the populations of advanced industrial societies. This new volume demonstrates that this value shift is part of a much broader process of cultural change that is gradually transforming political, economic, and social life in these societies.Inglehart uses a massive body of time-series survey data from twenty-six nations, gathered from 1970 through 1988, to analyze the cultural changes that are occurring as younger generations gradually replace older ones in the adult population. These changes have far-reaching political implications, and they seem to be transforming the economic growth rates of societies and the kind of economic development that is pursued.},
  address = {Princeton},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {691022968},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 453,
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  title = {Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/5981.html},
  year = 1997
}

@book{nevitte1996decline,
  abstract = {Since the 1980's Canadians have experienced turmoil on an unprecedented scale and on a variety of fronts. Constitutional battles pitted citizen against citizen and publics against leaders. Vigorous new interest groups challenged governments to respond to new issues like the environment, gay rights, and equality for women. In the face of expanding trade relations Canadians mobilized to respond to economic uncertainty, and family relations were exposed to new stresses. What explains the turmoil? In this extraordinarily wide-ranging book, Neil Nevitte demonstrates that the changing patterns of Canadian values are connected. Changing attitudes to authority in the family are connected to changing attitudes to the work-place and to politics and they all point to one theme--the decline of deference. Canada's turmoil is not unique, nor is it a result of the "Americanization" of Canadian values. Canada, he argues is but one stage on which the rhythms of post-industrial value change are played out.},
  address = {Toronto},
  author = {Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {1551110318},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 350,
  publisher = {Broadview Press},
  title = {The Decline of Deference: Canadian Value Change in Cross National Perspective},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1996
}

@incollection{halman2006decline,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {Globalization, value change, and generations},
  editor = {Ester, P. and Braun, M. and Mohler, P.},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {31-59},
  publisher = {Brill Academic Publishers},
  title = {A decline of religious values?},
  year = 2006
}

@article{primig2024influence,
  abstract = {Fact-checking has been granted a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of online disinformation, but its effectiveness has nonetheless been questioned (Lee and Shin Citation2019). Like any persuasive communication, fact checkers depend on their recipients perceiving both their messages and them as credible (Lombardi, Seyranian, and Sinatra Citation2014; Lombardi, Nussbaum, and Sinatra Citation2016). This study investigates the role of the perceived credibility of the fact checker as possible detriment to the effectiveness of fact-checking efforts by means of an online survey-embedded experiment. Results show that the perceived credibility of the fact checker and fact-checking messages is best explained by normative expectations of the roles of fact checkers and trust in traditional media. Some users perceive fact checkers as elite power structures in journalism or, in other words, as collaborative-facilitators for state propaganda (Hanitzsch and Vos Citation2018; see also Fawzi Citation2020). Further, low trust in media and politics predicts perceived credibility of disinformation better than political partisanship. The findings suggest that fact checkers should be more transparent and proactive in communicating their motives and identities. Further implications are discussed.},
  author = {Primig, Florian},
  doi = {10.1080/17512786.2022.2080102},
  issn = {17512786},
  journal = {Journalism Practice},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1137-1157},
  title = {The Influence of Media Trust and Normative Role Expectations on the Credibility of Fact Checkers},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2022.2080102},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2024
}

@article{grunhut2022tudomnyegyetem,
  abstract = {Jelen tanulmány a Pécsi Tudományegyetem hallgatóinak Európához fűződő viszonyulásait igyekszik feltárni, kérdőíves módszerrel, különböző dimenziókra fókuszálva. Az írás bevezetője, empirikus vizsgálatok eredményeire támaszkodva, tömören összefoglalja a magyar lakosság Európa-képének főbb ismérveit. A saját adatok elemzése a kérdőív tematikai blokkjai szerint történik, a legegyszerűbb leírói statisztikákat alkalmazva. Az eredmények bemutatása az érzelmi kötődéssel kezdődik, majd az azonosságtudat vállalása, illetve az integrációról alkotott vélekedések elemzése következik. Bizonyos dimenziókat az elemzés szélesebb társadalmi kontextusban is tárgyal. E blokk eredményei azt tükrözik, hogy a diákok erősen kötődnek Európához, támogatják az integráció mélyülését, s fontosnak ítélik az EU-tagságot. A következő blokkból kiderül, hogy a hallgatóknak szilárd bizalma van az EU-s intézményekben, ösztönzik bizonyos szakpolitikák integrációját, ugyanakkor bizonytalanok annak kapcsán, mely kormányzati szinten összpontosuljanak a legfőbb jog- és hatáskörök. Végezetül az utolsó blokk a koronavírus-járványra és az EU intézkedéseire koncentrál. E rész eredményei szerint a diákok közös, uniós kihívásként értelmezik a járványt, s hisznek abban, hogy az EU sokat tett a járvány megfékezéséért},
  author = {Grünhut, Zoltán and Bodor, Ákos},
  doi = {10.15170/TM.2022.23.2.1},
  issn = {2732169X},
  journal = {Tudásmenedzsment},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth article other},
  language = {other},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study = {EVS2017},
  number = 2,
  pages = {4-18},
  title = {A Pécsi Tudományegyetem hallgatóinak Európához való viszonyulása},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15170/TM.2022.23.2.1},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{torcal1999facets,
  address = {London},
  author = {Torcal, M. and Montero, J R.},
  booktitle = {Social Capital and European Democracy},
  editor = {Deth, J van and Maraffi, M. and Newton, K. and Whiteley, P F.},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {154-177},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Facets of social capital in new democracies},
  year = 1999
}

@inproceedings{gundelach1991politiske,
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Hverdag i EF, Kobenhavn},
  editor = {Friis, H.},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {121-138},
  publisher = {Spectrum},
  title = {Politiske og religiose holdninger (x- Political and Religious Attitudes)},
  type = {Conference Proceedings},
  year = 1991
}

@incollection{devereux2003racists,
  address = {Manchester},
  author = {Devereux, Eoin and Breen, M J.},
  booktitle = {Irish Political Attitudes Today},
  editor = {Collins, Neil and Cradden, Terry},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  publisher = {Manchester University Press.},
  title = {No Racists Here: Media Treatment of Asylum Seekers and Refugees},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2003
}

@article{yu2013models,
  abstract = {Studies in the social and behavioral sciences often involve categorical data, such as ratings, and define latent constructs underlying the research issues as being discrete. In this article, models with discrete latent variables (MDLV) for the analysis of categorical data are grouped into four families, defined in terms of two dimensions (time and sampling) of the data structure. A MATLAB toolbox (referred to as the "MDLV toolbox") was developed for applying these models in practical studies. For each family of models, model representations and the statistical assumptions underlying the models are discussed. The functions of the toolbox are demonstrated by fitting these models to empirical data from the European Values Study. The purpose of this article is to offer a framework of discrete latent variable models for data analysis, and to develop the MDLV toolbox for use in estimating each model under this framework. With this accessible tool, the application of data modeling with discrete latent variables becomes feasible for a broad range of empirical studies.},
  author = {Yu, Hsiu-Ting},
  journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1036-1047},
  title = {Models with discrete latent variables for analysis of categorical data: A framework and a MATLAB MDLV toolbox},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-013-0335-0},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{pettersson1994culture,
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Scandinavian Values: Religion and Morality in the Nordic Countries},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Riis, Ole},
  isbn = {9155434118},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {197-212},
  publisher = {Almqvist & Wiksell International},
  title = {Culture Shift and Generational Population Replacement: Individualization, Secularization, and Moral Value Change in Contemporary Scandinavia},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{halman2013public,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Sieben, Inge},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {277-309},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Public good morality in Europe : an impact of communist rule?},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@misc{brechon2005religion,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Religion},
  year = 2005
}

@book{voicu2007romnia,
  abstract = {Introducere: Secularizare si schimbare religiosa in epoca moderna; Capitolul 1: Masurarea practicii ?i credintei relioaseCapitolul 2: Afilierea ?i practica religioasa în România postcomunist?Capitolul 3: Religiozitate ?i revitalizare religioas? în perioada de tranzi?ieCapitolul 4: Impactul religiei în spa?iul public ?i privatCapitolul 5: Increderea în biseric?: insecuritate existen?ial? ?i credin?a religioas?Capitolul 6:Tipuri religioase în RomâniaCapitolul 7: în drum spre Europa
Secularizare si schimbare religiosa in epoca moderna;},
  author = {Voicu, M.},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 160,
  publisher = {Institutul European},
  series = {Colectia Academica; 30 Seria Sociologie},
  title = {România religioasă: pe valul european sau în urma lui?},
  year = 2007
}

@article{kerkhofs1992leurope,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Lumen Vitae},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {15-24},
  title = {L'Europe à une nouvelle croisée des chemins; vers une autre échelle de valuers},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 47,
  year = 1992
}

@book{halman1996political,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Nevitte, N.},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 343,
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Political value change in western democracies. Integration, values, identification, and participation},
  year = 1996
}

@incollection{chenu2006libralisme,
  author = {Chenu, Alain and Herpin, Nicolas},
  booktitle = {L'épreuve des inégallités},
  editor = {Lagrange, Hugues},
  isbn = {978-2-13-055814-9},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 1,
  pages = {41-66},
  publisher = {PUF},
  series = {Le lien Social},
  title = {Le libéralisme économique gagne les pays nordiques. La France résiste},
  url = {http://www.puf.com/Autres_Collections:L'%C3%A9preuve_des_in%C3%A9galit%C3%A9s},
  year = 2006
}

@article{schulztomancok2024antisemitismus,
  abstract = {In den letzten Jahren hat der Anstieg antisemitischer Gewalt in Europa an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen, insbesondere im Kontext der aktuellen geopolitischen Entwicklungen. Dieser Artikel untersucht die länderübergreifenden Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten antisemitischer Einstellungen sowie die Einflussfaktoren autoritärer Haltungen in vier europäischen Ländern: Deutschland, Österreich, Polen und Ungarn. Im Zuge der Analyse repräsentativer Umfragedaten aus einer Online-Studie zu „Autoritarismus, historischen Wahrnehmungen und demokratischen Dispositionen“ (2022) werden die soziodemografischen und politischen Determinanten antisemitischer Einstellungen identifiziert. Dabei wird ein besonderes Augenmerk auf den Einfluss von autoritären Einstellungen und sozialer Dominanz gelegt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante Unterschiede in den Einstellungen zwischen Deutschland, Österreich sowie Polen, Ungarn und verdeutlichen die Rolle von autoritären Einstellungsmustern in der Manifestation von antisemitischen Haltungen. Abschließend werden methodische Vorschläge für notwendige komparative Erhebungen zur Erfassung und zur Bekämpfung von Antisemitismus erörtert.},
  author = {Schulz-Tomančok, Andreas and Ziegler, Petra},
  issn = {10131469},
  journal = {SWS - Rundschau},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article german},
  language = {german},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 4,
  pages = {332-352},
  title = {Antisemitismus und autoritäre Einstellungen in Europa: Eine vergleichende Analyse der Dynamiken und Determinanten in Deutschland, Österreich, Polen und Ungarn},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2024
}

@article{abela1992european,
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {Melita Theologica},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {33-38},
  title = {European Values Study in Malta},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {XLIII},
  year = 1992
}

@article{lambert2005jeunes,
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  journal = {Croire aujourd'hui},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 201,
  title = {Les jeunes européens: des héritiers surprenants},
  year = 2005
}

@article{zakaria2013corruption,
  abstract = {In examining post-communist countries, it becomes apparent that civil society is durable in certain countries and fragile in others. One then asks: What factors contribute to this condition? Many of the theorists in the post-communist literature argue that socioeconomic factors and the communist legacy have weakened post-communist civil society. The article explores the following question: Has corruption replaced the legacy of communism as a factor undermining trust in others and government? The theory proposed in this article implies a break from previous studies on the weakness of post-communist civil society, arguing that corruption has been a major factor in undermining civil society in the region. The article presents a rigorous examination of the association between corruption and post-communist civil society by focusing on the impact of political corruption on trust and, hence, post-communist civil society.},
  author = {Zakaria, Patty},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {351-371},
  title = {Is corruption an enemy of civil society? The case of Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {http://ips.sagepub.com/content/34/4/351.short},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{arts2006directions,
  address = {Thousand Oaks},
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {Comparative methods in the social sciences},
  editor = {Sica, A.},
  isbn = {1412911443},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {229-240},
  publisher = {Sage},
  title = {New directions in quantitative comparative sociology},
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{gundelach2013freedom,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {143-161},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Freedom or Equality?},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{bryla2022consumer,
  abstract = {This chapter contains a presentation of our empirical results based on a large-scale consumer survey (1,000 participants) conducted in early 2020 (just before the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic). Sample representativeness and other characteristics of respondents are discussed. Validated measurement scaled were employed to obtain our results, including the 10-item CETSCALE adapted to the food market, the Schwartz values framework, Higgins Regulatory Focus Questionnaire, selected questions of the European Values Study, Food Choice Questionnaire, selected items from the Food-Related Lifestyle instrument, the COI-CSA scale, as well as a few questions developed specially for the purpose of this study. The principal descriptive results are presented in many tables and figures.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Bryła, Paweł},
  booktitle = {Consumer Ethnocentrism, Country of Origin and Marketing: Food Market in Poland},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003290414-3},
  editor = {Bryła, Paweł and Domański, Tomasz},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth english incollection},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  pages = {42-87},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Consumer ethnocentrism and country-of-origin effect on the food market – a survey among Polish consumers},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003290414-3},
  year = 2022
}

@article{haug2024wissen,
  abstract = {Objective: The article tackles various issues arising in the context of the process of digitalization in the health sector. The communication and availability of health data, health registers, the electronic health record, consent procedures for the transfer of data and access to health data for research are considered. Methods: The study is based on a computer-assisted telephone survey (dual-frame) of a random sample of adult people living in Germany. Data was collected in the period between June 01 and June 27, 2022 (n = 1,308). Results: The level of knowledge concerning the transmission of health data to health insurers is good, whereas the existence of central death-, vaccination- and health registers as well as the access to health data by treating physicians is overestimated. The general acceptance of medical registers is very high. Half the population is unfamiliar with the electronic health record, and the willingness to use it is rather low. An opt-in procedure is preferred when transferring data, and more than eighty percent would release data in their electronic health file for research purposes. Three quarters would consent that their health data be handed over to general research, especially if reserach facilities were situated at German universities, under the condition that their data be treated confidentiallly. The willingness to release data correlates with the level of trust in the press as well as in universities and colleges and decreases when a data leak is considered to be serious. Discussion and conclusion: In Germany, as in other European countries, we observe a great willingness of people to release health data for research purposes. However, the propensity to use the electronic health file is comparatively low, as is the acceptance of an opt-out procedure, which in the literature is considered a prerequisite for the successful implementation of electronic health records in other countries. Unsurprisingly, a general trust in research and government agencies that process health data is a key factor.},
  author = {Haug, Sonja and Schnell, Rainer and Raptis, Georgios and Dotter, Caroline and Weber, Karsten},
  doi = {10.1016/j.zefq.2023.11.001},
  issn = {1865-9217},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {german},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  m-study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  pages = {50-58},
  title = {Wissen und Einstellung zur Speicherung und Nutzung von Gesundheitsdaten: Ergebnisse einer Bevölkerungsbefragung},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2023.11.001},
  volume = 184,
  year = 2024
}

@article{wuermeling2007passt,
  abstract = {Ob die Türkei zur EU und die EU zu Europa passen, wird an Hand der Einstellungenzu den EU-Grundprinzipien Religionsfreiheit, Demokratie, Gleichberechtigung undRechtsstaatlichkeit gemessen. Als Datengrundlage dient die Europäische Wertestudie 2000. Trotzmitunter beachtlicher Varianzen innerhalb der Einstellungen der (EU-)Europäer weist ein durchgeführterLändermittelwertvergleich auf eine deutliche Randstellung der Türkei im europäischenReigen hin. Um die Unterschiede aufzuklären, werden in einer Mehrebenenanalyse folgende zweiAnnahmen auf der Länder- und Individualebene überprüft: Nach der Kulturhypothese sollte dieZustimmung zu den Prinzipien der EU mit dem Anteil der Muslime im Land und mit der individuellenReligiosität der Menschen sinken. Nach der Modernisierungshypothese sollte die Zustimmungzu den Prinzipien der EU mit dem Brutto-Inlandsprodukt pro Kopf und mit dem Bildungsgradund der Urbanisierung der Menschen steigen. Beide Hypothesen konnten sowohl auf derLänder- als auch auf der Personenebene im Wesentlichen bewahrt werden. Ein Vergleich der relativenEffektstärken auf der Länderebene ergab, dass der Modernisierungseffekt in Bezug auf die Unterstützungvon Religionsfreiheit und Demokratie mehr als doppelt so stark ist wie der Einflussvom Muslimanteil. In Bezug auf die Unterstützung der Gleichberechtigung ist allerdings der Muslimanteilim Land erklärungskräftiger.},
  author = {Wuermeling, Frederike},
  journal = {Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {185-214},
  title = {Passt die Türkei zur EU und die EU zu Europa? Eine Mehrebenenanalyse auf der Basis der Europäischen Wertestudie},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2007
}

@article{dogan2002dissatisfaction,
  abstract = {An important proportion of citizens do not manifest confidence in many basic institutions (parliaments, parties, unions, army, public bureaucracies, big business, courts, ecclesiastic hierarchy, police) nor in the political class. Such a deficit of trust is attested by a wealth of empirical data. Nonetheless, the legitimacy of democratic regimes is not challenged: European citizens do not conceive realistically of an alternative system of government. A new counter-power is playing an increasing and crucial role in advanced pluralist democracies  that of magistrates and journalists combined. France and Italy are considered as typical cases, concerning in particular corruption at the highest level of the State and society. What types of citizens are needed in advanced democracies? Ignorant, naive, deferential, credulous, believers in myths or well informed, rationally distrustful citizens? Today, democracy is permanently under the supervision of the public, as attested by surveys conducted periodically.},
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {European Review},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {91-114},
  title = {Dissatisfaction and mistrust in West European democracies},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2002
}

@article{solarino2023board,
  abstract = {Board independence is central to corporate governance. Numerous theories espouse the value of the monitoring and advice provided by outside board members, and governance codes worldwide call for boards with more independent directors and for separating the roles of chief executive officer and chairman. However, neither original studies nor meta-analyses have found a substantial link between board independence and firm performance. We adopt an institutional logic perspective to argue that the relations between board independence and firm performance is moderated by the institutions of a country. Our analyses find that the strength of the informal institutions is a more important moderator than that of formal institutions. We employ country-level institutional moderators and apply meta-regression to a sample of 86 articles encompassing 40 nations. We offer suggestions for future governance research.},
  author = {Solarino, Angelo M. and Boyd, Brian K.},
  doi = {10.1002/gsj.1468},
  issn = {20425791},
  journal = {Global Strategy Journal},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 1,
  pages = {58-89},
  title = {Board of director effectiveness and informal institutions: A meta-analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1468},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{esmer2008islam,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Esmer, Yilmaz},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {275-301},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Islam, Gender, Democracy and Values: The Case of Turkey, 1990-2001},
  year = 2008
}

@article{verbakel2013leisure,
  abstract = {This study examines to what extent Europeans find "relaxing" and "learning something new" is important in their leisure time and explains variation in these leisure values by individual and country-level characteristics. These values reflect possible responses to a perceived "time crunch" resulting from demanding work and family obligations and the drive to develop personal skills because of societies' emphasis on personal achievement, respectively. Multi-level analyses were conducted with 46 countries based on the European Values Study 2008. Results show that individuals with objective time pressure (work obligations and, for females, partner's work schedules) find relaxing an important aspect of leisure time and that people who presumably perceive investments in personal development to pay off (young, highly educated, internal locus of control) value learning something new in leisure time. Country-level explanations focus on modernization and institutionalization. It is found that relaxing is more highly valued in economically advanced societies and in Muslim countries. Learning something new in leisure time is found especially important in achievement-based and post-communist societies, but "contrary to the expectations" less so in economically developed societies; apparently, rational arguments concerning the presumed pay offs of spending leisure time on personal growth prevail over the valuation of self-expression.},
  author = {Verbakel, Ellen},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcs046},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {669-682},
  title = {Leisure values of Europeans from 46 countries},
  url = {http://esr.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/3/669.short},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2013
}

@article{abela1999values,
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {The Sunday Times},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  month = {November},
  title = {Values 2000: 5. Religion and Morality},
  type = {Newspaper Article},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{kotze2008constant,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Kotze, Hennie},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {335-367},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {The Constant of Transformation: Eleven Years of Value Change in South Africa, 1990-2001},
  year = 2008
}

@book{juknevicius2001europa,
  annotation = {Kultüros ir meno institutas.^Summary in English (p. 216)},
  author = {Juknevicius, Stanislovas and Matulionis, A. and Mitrikas, A.},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  title = {Europa ir mes},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2001
}

@article{quaranta2013measuring,
  abstract = {This article tests the cross-national equivalence of the political protest scale, as developed by Barnes and Kaase, in 20 Western European countries using a battery of items included in the fourth wave of the European Values Study. The scale measuring the concept ofpolitical protest is widely used, but no evidence of cross-country equivalence has yet been provided in the literature. The article illustrates the concept of political protest,the relationship between concept formation, operationalization, and measurement equivalence, and the possible consequences of a lack of equivalence. It is argued that comparative research may be threatened by a lack of measurement equivalence. The spread of international surveys eases comparative designs, but at the same time enlarges the chances that we compare what is not actually comparable. The article then outlines an empirical strategy to assess the political protest scales measurement equivalence. To assess cross-country equivalence, Mokken Scale Analysis, a nonparametric scaling method within the family of Item Response Theory models, is used. This has been shown to work better than Con?rmatory Factor Analysis when dealing with dichotomous and polytomous items forming ordinal scales. The results show that the cross-country equivalence of the political protest scale depends on the type of measure the scholar wishes to build and use.},
  author = {Quaranta, Mario},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {457-482},
  title = {Measuring political protest in Western Europe: assessing cross-national equivalence},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&pdftype=1&fid=9051153&jid=EPR&volumeId=5&issueId=03&aid=9051151},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2013
}

@article{savicka2000lietuvos,
  annotation = {Article is in Lithuanian. Summary in English, p. 524.},
  author = {Savicka, Aida},
  journal = {Kulturologija},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {252-277},
  title = {Lietuvos gyventoju darbo vertybes 1990-1999 metais (Work Values of Lithuanians in 1990-1999)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2000
}

@article{piscopo2024determinants,
  abstract = {Background: Public health expenditure is one of the fastest-growing spending items in EU member states. As the population ages and wealth increases, governments allocate more resources to their health systems. In view of this, the aim of this study is to identify the key determinants of public health expenditure in the EU member states. Methods: This study is based on macro-level EU panel data covering the period from 2000 to 2018. The association between explanatory variables and public health expenditure is analyzed by applying both static and dynamic econometric modeling.   Results: Although GDP and out-of-pocket health expenditure are identified as the key drivers of public health expenditure, there are other variables, such as health system characteristics, with a statistically significant association with expenditure. Other variables, such as election year and the level of public debt, result to exert only a modest influence on the level of public health expenditure. Results also indicate that the aging of the population, political ideologies of governments and citizens’ expectations, appear to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Since increases in public health expenditure in EU member states are mainly triggered by GDP increases, it is expected that differences in PHE per capita across member states will persist and, consequently, making it more difficult to attain the health equity sustainable development goal. Thus, measures to reduce EU economic inequalities, will ultimately result in reducing disparities in public health expenditures across member states.},
  author = {Piscopo, Joseph and Groot, Wim and Pavlova, Milena},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0299359},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  m-study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-19},
  title = {Determinants of public health expenditure in the EU},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299359},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{davie1999european,
  address = {Edinburgh},
  author = {Davie, Grace},
  booktitle = {A Europe of Neighbours? Religious Social Thought and the Reshaping of a Pluralist Europe},
  editor = {Morton, Andrew and Francis, Jim},
  isbn = {1870126408},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {36-53},
  publisher = {Centre for Theology and Public Issues},
  title = {European Religion: A Sociological Perspective},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{reeskens2013shifting,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Reeskens, Tim and Wright, Matthew},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {45-71},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Shifting loyalties? Globalization and national identity in the twenty-first century},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@article{ruiter2006national,
  abstract = {To what extent does the national religious context affect volunteering? Does a religious environment affect the relation between religiosity and volunteering? To answer these questions, this study specifies individual level, contextual level, and cross-level interaction hypotheses. The authors test the hypotheses by simultaneously studying the impact of religiosity of individuals, the national religious context, and their interplay on volunteering while controlling for possible confounding factors both at individual and contextual levels. Based on multilevel analyses on data from 53 countries, frequent churchgoers are more active in volunteer work and a devout national context has an additional positive effect. However, the difference between secular and religious people is substantially smaller in devout countries than in secular countries. Church attendance is hardly relevant for volunteering in devout countries. Furthermore, religious volunteering has a strong spillover effect, implying that religious citizens also volunteer more for secular organizations. This spillover effect is stronger for Catholics than for Protestants, non-Christians and nonreligious individuals.},
  author = {Ruiter, Stijn and de Graaf, Nan Dirk},
  journal = {American Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {191-210},
  title = {National Context, Religiosity and Volunteering: Results from 53 Countries},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/30038985},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{nevitte1995north,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Nevitte, Neil and Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {107-136},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {North American Value Change and Integration: Lessons from Western Europe?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{gundelach2002vrdioplsning,
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Værdiopløsning eller værdiforandering?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@article{tomka2001eurpai,
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  journal = {Távlatok},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {541-553},
  title = {Az európai értékrend és identitás változási tendenciái (= Tendencies of change in European value system and identity)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{halman2003religion,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {Religion in secularizing society : the Europeans' religion at the end of the 20th century},
  editor = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Riis, O.},
  isbn = {9004126228},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 5,
  pages = {162-184},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Religion and the social capital revisited},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{lambert1994religion,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Français},
  editor = {Riffault, Hélène},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {123-162},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France},
  title = {La religion: un paysage en pleine évolution},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{brechon1997identit,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Cultures jeunes et religions en Europe},
  editor = {Campiche, R J.},
  isbn = {2204057223},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {45-96},
  publisher = {Cerf},
  title = {Identité religieuse des jeunes en Europe (x- Religious Identity of Youth in Europe)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{delooz1984enqute,
  address = {Bruxelles},
  author = {Delooz, P.},
  booktitle = {La Revue Nouvelle},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Janvier},
  title = {Une enquête européenne sur les valeurs (x- A European Values Study)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1984
}

@article{bergh2007gender,
  abstract = {The article aims to explain why attitudes toward gender equality and gender relations in society vary between individuals and countries. The hypotheses that are tested stem from two partly conflicting theories of modernization. Wilensky (2002) advocates a `structural' explanation for variation in gender attitudes, while Inglehart (1990, 1997) suggests a `values' explanation. The author conducts a three-part analysis: an individual, a national, and a multilevel analysis. The structural explanation is better able to account for individual level gender attitudes. Values do, to some extent, serve as the mechanism that produces national level variation. Inglehart (1990, 1997) is also right in suggesting that the effect of values on gender attitudes increases with increasing development.},
  author = {Bergh, J.},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {5-23},
  title = {Gender Attitudes and Modernization Processes},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{anheier2004social,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Anheier, H K. and Stares, Sally and Grenier, Paola},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 7,
  pages = {81-107},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Social Capital and Life Satisfaction},
  year = 2004
}

@book{inglehart1990culture,
  abstract = {Economic, technological, and sociopolitical changes have been transforming the cultures of advanced industrial societies in profoundly important ways during the past few decades. This ambitious work examines changes in religious beliefs, in motives for work, in the issues that give rise to political conflict, in the importance people attach to having children and families, and in attitudes toward divorce, abortion, and homosexuality. Ronald Inglehart's earlier book, The Silent Revolution (Princeton, 1977), broke new ground by discovering a major intergenerational shift in the values of the populations of advanced industrial societies. This new volume demonstrates that this value shift is part of a much broader process of cultural change that is gradually transforming political, economic, and social life in these societies.Inglehart uses a massive body of time-series survey data from twenty-six nations, gathered from 1970 through 1988, to analyze the cultural changes that are occurring as younger generations gradually replace older ones in the adult population. These changes have far-reaching political implications, and they seem to be transforming the economic growth rates of societies and the kind of economic development that is pursued.},
  address = {Princeton},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA0626 ; ZA0627 ; ZA0628 ; ZA0765 ; ZA0986 ; ZA0987 ; ZA0988 ; ZA0989 ; ZA0990 ; ZA0995 ; ZA1036 ; ZA1037 ; ZA1038 ; ZA1039 ; ZA1206 ; ZA1207 ; ZA1208 ; ZA1209 ; ZA1318 ; ZA1319 ; ZA1320 ; ZA1321 ; ZA1541 ; ZA1542 ; ZA1543 ; ZA1544 ; ZA1712 ; ZA1713},
  isbn = {069107786x, 0691022968},
  keywords = {1990 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {English},
  pages = 484,
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  study = {Political Action I (An Eight Nation Study) ;  ECS - European Communities Study 1970 ;  ECS - European Communities Study 1971 ;  ECS - European Communities Study  1973,  Eurobarometer 1973-1987},
  title = {Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/4514.html},
  year = 1990
}

@article{stuckelberger2024group,
  abstract = {Party–group relations are today characterized by various forms of alignments. These include the persistence of traditional class alignments, the realignment of economic groups due to identity politics and alignments of groups at the centre of identity politics. This study analyses the group-based messaging of parties in relation to these three groups. We argue that, contrary to the catch-all party thesis, positive and negative group appeals of parties are (still) structured by parties’ support among social groups and by groups either liked or disliked by their voters. Our argument is tested through a content analysis of election materials in Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands, combined with survey data. The results indicate that group appeals are indeed shaped by electoral support among social groups and attitudes towards them. Results also suggest that the former effect is present for traditionally aligned economic and identity politics groups, but not for realigned economic groups.},
  author = {Stuckelberger, Simon and Tresch, Anke},
  doi = {10.1177/00323217221123147},
  issn = {00323217},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  number = 2,
  pages = {463-485},
  title = {Group Appeals of Parties in Times of Economic and Identity Conflicts and Realignment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217221123147},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2024
}

@inproceedings{parts2013dynamics,
  abstract = {This empirical study investigates the dynamics and the determinants of social capital in Europe over the period 1990-2008, using empirical data from EVS. Methodologically, factor analysis and regression analysis are implemented. The analysis covers 20 Western-European countries, 10 new member states and 15 EU neighbouring countries. Comparison of the levels of social capital showed that, with few exceptions, the levels of social capital are lower in Eastern Europe as compared to the old member states in Western Europe. Regression results of the determinants of social capital showed that most influential factors of social capital are education and satisfaction with democracy. It follows that investments in educational system and improving democratization processes could increase the level of social capital as an important factor of economic development.},
  author = {Parts, Eve},
  booktitle = {Discussions on Estonian Economic Policy. Theory and practice of economic policy in the European Union},
  editor = {Arndt, E Moritz},
  isbn = {978-9985-844-41-0},
  issn = {2228-1878},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {117-136},
  publisher = {Miniprint OÜ},
  title = {The Dynamics and Determinants of Social Capital in the European Union abd Neighbouring Countries},
  url = {http://www.mattimar.ee/publikatsioonid/majanduspoliitika/2013/1_2013.pdf#page=117},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2013
}

@article{kerkhofs1984valeurs,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Choisir},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {13-18},
  title = {Les valeurs du temps présent: une enquête européenne (x- Contemporary Values. A European Study)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 289,
  year = 1984
}

@incollection{kerkhofs2004vlaanderen,
  address = {Tielt},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  booktitle = {De Vlaamse en Vlaming zijn nu Europese Uitdaging},
  editor = {de Groof, Jan and Judo, Frank and Storme, Matthias},
  isbn = {9020955063},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {47-60},
  publisher = {Lannoo Campus},
  title = {Vlaanderen en de Europese Waarden en Identiteit (x- Flanders and the European Values and Identity)},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {/brokenurl#full-text available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=Yk61xMJCyzQC&pg=PA286&dq=9020955063#PPA47,M1},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{cassidy2002modernity,
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Cassidy, E.},
  booktitle = {Measuring Ireland: Discerning Values and Beliefs},
  editor = {Cassidy, E.},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {17-45},
  publisher = {Veritas},
  title = {Modernity and Religion in Ireland: 1980-2000},
  year = 2002
}

@inproceedings{mojsoskablazevski2011cultural,
  abstract = {The objective of this paper is to examine the factors influencing workers job satisfaction aside the conventional factors, in the vein of the basic cultural values and beliefs, and then to put this into a comparative perspective for the South-Eastern European countries (SEE) and for Macedonia, in particular. Cultural values are grouped into traditional vs. secular-rational values and survival vs. self-expression values. The main result from the study is that cultural heritage exerts considerable impact on job satisfaction in SEE with some determinants  like the importance of work, religion and family  exerting stronger influence in South-Eastern Europe than in Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) and in western Europe. However, cultural values are found to affect job satisfaction in Macedonia with less pronounced significance. Mainly traditional cultural values are found important in the Macedonian case, while from the survival group only trust is found to likely affect job satisfaction, and with the effect being likely stronger than in the case of SEE, CEE and western Europe.},
  address = {Skopje},
  author = {Mojsoska-Blazevski, Nikica and Petreski, Marjan},
  booktitle = {Constructing Europe as a Global Power: From Market to Identity?},
  editor = {Dodovski, Ivan and Pendarovski, Stevo},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {196-210},
  title = {Does Cultural Heritage Affect Job Satisfaction: The Divide between EU and Eastern Economies},
  url = {http://www.uacs.edu.mk/conference/userfiles/files/2011%20conference%20volume%20constructing%20europe%20as%20a%20global%20power%20-%20from%20market%20to%20identity.pdf#page=97},
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{dompnier2014valeurs,
  author = {Dompnier, Nathalie},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {55-72},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Valeurs politiques et répertoires d'action des Européens},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{inglehart1998valors,
  address = {Barcelona},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Valors I Diversitat Cultural a les Societats d'Europa I del Magreb},
  editor = {Roque, M Àngels},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {36-77},
  publisher = {Instit Catala de la Mediterrania},
  title = {Valors Canvivants i el Futur de la Politica Mediterrania},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{geiger2012croatia,
  author = {Geiger, Marija and Zrinka, Sinia},
  booktitle = {Welfare and Values in Europe. Transitions related to Religion, Minorities and Gender},
  editor = {Bäckström, Anders},
  isbn = {978-91-554-8545-0},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 3,
  pages = {157-183},
  series = {National Overviews and Case Study Reports},
  title = {Croatia},
  url = {http://www.sinisazrinscak.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/WAVE-book-Volume-3.pdf#page=157},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{simons1986culture,
  abstract = {In modern industrial societies people consider the effects that having children will have on their life styles before deciding to reproduce. This essay examines the decision to bear children in such societies in terms of the religious relationship between individuals and society. The author constructs a model with axes representing absolutism to relativism, and individualism to collectivism, thus forming quadrants representing revisionism, fundamentalism, pragmatism, and conventionalism. The model is then used to explain 3 views of the relationship between religion and fertility in modern societies: 1) low fertility represents a decline in traditional Christian doctrine acceptance; 2) secularization relegates religion to the private sphere, and sexuality's liberation from social control allows individuals to exercise greater control over sexual conduct; and 3) when voluntary childlessness becomes the choice of more than a minority, the society's value system and norms are threatened. 20 years ago Europe saw a peak in familism and religiosity. The European Values Survey of 1200 adults in each of 27 countries provide data on moral and social value attitudes in Europe since 1981. The findings suggest that fundamentalism is positively associated with familism and negatively associated with urban residence, education, low socioeconomic status, and female employment. Conventionalism implies familism and higher income. The Irish Republic proves most fundamentalist, Spain most revisionist, Germany most conventionalist, and France most pragmatic. Low fertility is consistent with familism where expensive life styles for children and parents are highly valued, but the preferred family size will not fall below 2 since sibling and parent-child relationships motivate familist couples to have more than 1 child. The norms of the consumer society clearly change the patterns, but do not lessen the importance of parenthood to most people.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Simons, John},
  booktitle = {The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus},
  editor = {Coleman, D A. and Schofield, Roger},
  isbn = {631139753},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {256-277},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  title = {Culture, Economy and Reproduction in Contemporary Europe},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1986
}

@article{gundelach1993danskernes,
  abstract = {The question of the national character of the Danes is discussed in the context of intensifying European integration. Four general characteristics of the Danes are discussed: (1) trust of other Danes & mistrust of foreigners; (2) a high level of satisfaction with their life as a whole; (3) fear of loss of identity; & (4) view of the Danish language as defining ethnic identity. In the view of Sir James Mellon's Gamle Danmark ([Old Denmark] 1992), the Danes are essentially a tribe. Additionally, Danes have unique attitudes toward authority & consensus, morality, & religion, & freedom & solidarity. The cultural impact of integration into the European Community is considered.},
  annotation = {Also published in Interkulturel kompetence, 1996, P9-24.},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  issn = {9055908},
  journal = {Dansk Sociologi},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {6-9},
  title = {Danskernes Saerpraeg (The Danish Character)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 4,
  year = 1993
}

@article{stack2006effect,
  abstract = {Religion provides an important basis for social integration and the prevention of deviant behavior, such as tax fraud, a crime that costs society billions of dollars in lost revenue. The literature on tax fraud and tax fraud acceptability (TFA) has neglected religiosity as a social bond that may deter this type of behavior Furthermore, existing work is based on the United States; there are no systematic cross-national studies. In particular, there is no research exploring the "moral communities" hypothesis that religiosity's effect on deviance will vary according to the strength of national moral communities. The present study addresses these two gaps in the literature by analyzing data on 45,728 individuals in 36 nations from the World Values Surveys. We control for other predictors of TFA, including social bonds, economic strain, and demographic factors. The results determined that the higher the individual's level of religiosity, the lower the TFA. Results on the moral community's hypothesis were mixed However, in a separate analysis of individual nations, the presence of a "moral community" (majority of the population identifies with a religious group) explained 39 percent of the variation in the presence or absence of the expected religiosity-TFA relationship. Furthermore, the presence of a communist regime in a nation, often known for the oppression of religious groups who then may view the regime as illegitimate, diminished the impact of religion on TFA.},
  author = {Stack, S. and Kposowa, A.},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {325-351},
  title = {The effect of religiosity on tax fraud acceptability: A cross-national analysis},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{gundelach1997social,
  address = {London},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter and Thorpe, Lars},
  booktitle = {Private Groups and Public Lives. Social Participation, Voluntary Associations and Political Involvement in Representative Democracies},
  editor = {van Deth, J W.},
  isbn = {415169550},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {47-63},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Social Reflexivity, Democracy and New Types of Citizen Involvement in Denmark},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{halman1994scandinavian,
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {Scandinavian Values: Religion and Morality in the Nordic Countries},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Riis, Ole},
  isbn = {9155434118},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {59-84},
  publisher = {Almqvist & Wiksell International},
  series = {Psychologia et Sociologia Religionum},
  title = {Scandinavian Values: How Special Are They?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{vlachova2001legitimacy,
  abstract = {This article deals with legitimacy of democracy and its relationship to trust in political institutions in the Czech Republic. The introduction includes a recapitulation of the theories concerning the legitimacy of democracy, and on the conditions necessary for this legitimacy, which is what the subject of this article is then built upon. The author distinguishes between support for democracy as a form of government, and satisfaction with the development of democracy in a (particular) country, and searches for the factors which this depends on. As explanatory factors, the author first tests trust in institutions, then political culture and personal characteristics. The analysis showed that the legitimacy of democracy and the evaluation of the development of democracy are not in the Czech Republic mutually independent, and that they depend more on political culture than on trust in the institutions being researched. For the legitimacy of democracy, a significant effect was traced only in the case of trust in NATO  an institution that also became a value in the political culture. With the evaluation of the development of democracy, trust in institutions was more strongly felt  a significant effect was revealed by an analysis of the social welfare system, the army and the media. It is clear that the evaluation of the performance of institutions is rather more reflected in the system efficacy of the democracy than in the legitimacy of democracy as a system of government.},
  author = {Vlachová, Klara},
  journal = {Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {13-34},
  title = {The Legitimacy of Democracy and Trust in the Political Institutions in the Czech Republic},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@article{beugelsdijk2006toward,
  abstract = {Economic development is linked with systematic changes in basic values, but cultural change is path dependent. This is known as Ingleharts thesis. In this paper we build on his thesis and try toexplain value differences across European regions. This is relevant as it fits in the ongoing discussion of a Europe of the regions. We find confirmation of Ingleharts thesis. New however, is our finding that historical shocks like the collapse of the Soviet Union marking the end of history can influence this path dependent process. Moreover, we illustrate that convergence of values into a single European value landscape takes a very long period, if it would occuranyway.},
  author = {Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and van Schaik, Ton and Arts, Wil},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {317-327},
  title = {Toward a Unified Europe? Explaining Regional Differences in Value Patterns by Economic Development, Cultural Heritage and Historical Shocks},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00343400600631590},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2006
}

@book{friedli1986zwischen,
  address = {Freiburg},
  author = {Friedli, Richard},
  isbn = {3727803614},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 122,
  publisher = {Universitätsverlag Freiburg},
  title = {Zwischen Himmel und Hölle; Die Reinkarnation (x- Between Heaven and Hell. Reincarnation)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1986
}

@book{yaria1995cultura,
  address = {Buenos Aires},
  author = {Yaría, J Alberto},
  editor = {Yaria, Juan Alberto},
  isbn = {9505920350, 9789505920358},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 359,
  publisher = {Universidad del Salvador, Collección Estudios.},
  title = {La cultura del Malestar},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1995
}

@article{brechon2007leurope,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Esprit},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 136,
  pages = {136-145},
  title = {L'Europe des religions: entre sécularisation et recompositions flottantes},
  year = 2007
}

@book{gubert2007doppia,
  author = {Gubert, G.},
  issn = {8889825073, 9788889825075},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 288,
  series = {QUADERNI DI FUTURIBILI 11},
  title = {Doppia secolarizzazione: La situazione religiosa della Romania post-comunista},
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{riis1996religion,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  booktitle = {Identités réligieuses en Europe},
  editor = {Davie, Grace and Hervieu-Léger, Danièle},
  isbn = {2707125601},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {113-120},
  publisher = {la Découverte},
  title = {Religion et identité nationale au Danemarque (x- Religion and National Identity in Denmark)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@techreport{omahony2010religious,
  author = {O'Mahony, Eoin},
  institution = {The Council for Research & Development},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  title = {Religious Practice and Values in Ireland. A summary of European Values Study 4th wave data},
  year = 2010
}

@incollection{recchi1995associative,
  address = {Bologna},
  author = {Recchi, E.},
  booktitle = {La societ.àdegli Europei},
  editor = {Bettin Lattes, Gianfranco},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {171-202},
  publisher = {Monduzzi Editore},
  title = {La vita associative},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{westoff2007religiousness,
  abstract = {Based on official data on religion, national origin, and other indicators of ethnic origin, Muslim fertility in 13 European countries is higher than that for other women, but in most countries with trend data the differences are diminishing over time. Fertility varies by country of origin of immigrants. Various European survey data show that higher proportions of Muslim women are married and their commitment to traditional family values is greater than among other women. Muslim women are more religious than non-Muslim women and religiousness is directly associated with fertility. Among Muslim women, religiousness and commitment to family values are equally important for fertility, while for non-Muslim women religiousness is much less important.},
  author = {Westoff, C F. and Frejka, T.},
  journal = {Population and Development Review},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {785-809},
  title = {Religiousness and fertility among European Muslims},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2007
}

@article{riefler2023express,
  abstract = {Pandemic lockdowns in early 2020 disrupted daily lifestyles worldwide and opened a window of opportunity for self-reflection and consumption paradigm shifts. However, consumption patterns might take different directions and opposing views exist about whether consumers (1) prolong consumption-oriented lifestyles post-lockdown, or (2) compensate for lockdown consumption restrictions through self-indulgence. Drawing from self-determination theory and individual-cultural values frameworks, this paper develops a conceptual model of post-lockdown consumption patterns related to three factors: consumers? fulfilment of basic psychological needs during lockdowns, individual consumer values, and country-level cultural orientations. Consumer surveys conducted after the first lockdowns in three culturally different European countries (UK, Germany, Romania) show that both satisfaction and dissatisfaction of psychological needs during lockdown impact consumption patterns, at least at a short-term level. The direction of consumption patterns is driven by hedonism and universalism values at an individual level and differences in post-materialism and indulgence at a country-level. The results provide implications for international marketers and policymakers in post-pandemic marketplaces.},
  author = {Riefler, Petra and Büttner, Oliver B. and Davvetas, Vasileios},
  doi = {10.1177/1069031X231201077},
  issn = {1069-031X},
  journal = {Journal of International Marketing},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  pages = {1-55},
  title = {EXPRESS: Indulge or Reduce? A cross-country investigation of consumption patterns following pandemic lockdowns},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X231201077},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{riis1994patterns,
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  booktitle = {Scandinavian Values: Religion and Morality in the Nordic Countries},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Riis, Ole},
  isbn = {9155434118},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {99-128},
  publisher = {Almqvist & Wiksell International},
  title = {Patterns of Secularization in Scandinavia},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{dulmer2013modernization,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Dülmer, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {251-275},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Modernization, culture and morality in Europe : universalism, contextualism or relativism?},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@book{ester1997peace,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Ester, P. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Rukavishnikov, V.},
  isbn = {9036197376},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 254,
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {From cold war to cold peace? A comparative empirical study of Russian and Western political cultures},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{fahey2002atheism,
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Fahey, T.},
  booktitle = {Measuring Ireland: Discerning Values and Beliefs},
  editor = {Cassidy, E.},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {46-66},
  publisher = {Veritas},
  title = {Is atheism increasing? Ireland and Europe compared},
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{halman2003differential,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {Religion in secularizing society : the Europeans' religion at the end of the 20th century},
  editor = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Riis, O.},
  isbn = {9004126228},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 5,
  pages = {48-75},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Differential patterns of secularization in Europe: exploring the impact of religion on social values},
  year = 2003
}

@phdthesis{cozma2011relation,
  abstract = {The aim of this research is to examine the relation between the change in globalizationand change in personal values (work and general life values). An analysis across 28 years and 53countries suggests that changes in different personal values have different relations with thechange in globalization. Moreover, this relation is influenced by the demographic characteristicsof the sample. The present research contributes to the literature in the following ways: 1) linkingglobalization (an economic concept) and personal values (a psychological concept), 2) providingan analysis of the relation between the change in personal values and the change in globalizationacross 28 years and 53 countries, 3) using an objective measure of globalization to examine theglobalization phenomenon, and 4) including a large number of personal values (12 values) whichprovides a rich source of information.},
  address = {Knoxville},
  author = {Cozma, I Florentina},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  title = {The Relation between Globalization and Personal Values across 53 Countries and 28 Years},
  url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2093&context=utk_graddiss&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.de%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Dde%26q%3Ddoi%253A10.4232%252F1.10059%26btnG%3DSuche%26lr%3D%26as_ylo%3D%26as_vis%3D0#search=%22doi%3A10.4232%2F1.10059%22},
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{tchernia2014attentes,
  author = {Tchernia, Jean-François},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {121-133},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Les attentes à l'égard du travail},
  year = 2014
}

@book{halman2001european,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  isbn = {9075001460},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 389,
  publisher = {EVS/WORC/Tilburg University},
  title = {The European Values Study: A Third Wave. Sourcebook of the 1999/2000 European Values Study Surveys},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{becker1998there,
  address = {s-Gravenhage},
  author = {Becker, J. and Verweij, Johan},
  booktitle = {The European Challenge. Essays on Culture, Values and Policy in a Changing Continent},
  editor = {Paling, K. and Veldheer, V.},
  isbn = {9057491540},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {61-87},
  publisher = {VUGA Uitgeverij B.V.},
  title = {Is there a European Superego? An Exploration of Some Educational Values in the 1990's},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1998
}

@article{gundelach1992recent,
  abstract = {Data from the 1973-1988 Eurobarometer surveys (N = 200,000+ respondents [Rs]) and unpublished results of a European questionnaire survey administered in 1980 & 1991 (Ns not provided) are used to describe value changes in Western Europe in relation to social institutional changes. Such institutional changes include a decrease in size and increase in fragility of families, and a larger and more heterogeneous labor market, particularly because of the increase in the number of married women having paid jobs. Globalization has resulted in a double trend of heterogenization and localism. Ways that these changes have influenced the values of the population are described, highlighting the increase in individualization and a more fragmented value system, which means, eg, that there are no clear political cleavages. The value changes can be summarized in three processes from: industrial to green; authoritarian to libertarian; and church-oriented to personal religious values. These trends suggest the advent of a society with a diversity of lifestyles & many competing value structures.},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  issn = {163287},
  journal = {Futures},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {301-319},
  title = {Recent Value Changes in Western Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 24,
  year = 1992
}

@book{anheier2001global,
  abstract = {Many scholars, policy-makers, and especially activists have begun to use the term "global civil society," yet it remains highly contested and under-researched. This Yearbook, a landmark publication, discusses and clarifies the concept: mapping, measuring, and examining it on a yearly basis.The conceptual chapters, comprehensive case studies, and comparative empirical data make it an essential volume for researchers in a number of disciplines, including economics, political science, anthropology and sociology, international law, and international relations.},
  address = {Oxford},
  annotation = {Published by Oxford University Press},
  editor = {Anheier, Helmut and Glasius, Marlies and Kaldor, Mary},
  issn = {199246432},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 348,
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Global Civil Society 2001},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/CSHS/civilSociety/yearBook/contentsPages/2001.aspx},
  year = 2001
}

@article{westhuizenvander2012culture,
  abstract = {This study explores the impact of culture on participatory decision making (PDM)and job satisfaction (JS) using data obtained from the European Values Study (EVS). We parameterise two different cultural variables using principal components analysis: ?rst a continuum based on survival versus self-expression values and second a continuum based on traditional versus secular-rational values. Application of ordered logistic regression to Likert scales of PDM and JS suggests that greater self-expression in the survival versus self-expression variable enhances both PDM and JS; and more traditional values in the traditional versus secular-rational continuum have the same effect.},
  author = {Westhuizen van der, D.W and Pachedo, Gail and Webber, Don J.},
  doi = {10.1080/09585192.2011.625967},
  journal = {The International Journal of Human Resource Management},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 13,
  pages = {2661-2679},
  title = {Culture, participative decision making and job satisfaction},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09585192.2011.625967#.U0f4_fl_vuI},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2012
}

@book{pollack2012social,
  address = {Farnham},
  editor = {Pollack, Detlef and Müller, Olaf and Pickel, Gert},
  isbn = {978-1-4094-2621-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 278,
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  title = {The Social Significance of Religion in the Enlarged Europe: Secularization, Individualization and Pluralization},
  url = {http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409426219},
  year = 2012
}

@book{coleman1995europes,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Coleman, D A.},
  isbn = {0198288964, 0198288948},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 346,
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Europe's population in the 1990s},
  year = 1995
}

@article{nikisins2022basic,
  abstract = {Various scholars have addressed the issue of so-called conditional justice, referring to the differing impacts of one’s income and socioeconomic status on the belief regarding what should be the ‘just and fair’ distribution of income and welfare in a society. Up to now, research has focused mostly on individual-level factors like income and personal affluence, education, and gender, as well as country-level determinants like income inequality, welfare regime, GDP, and unemployment rate, but relatively seldom taking into account attitudinal factors like human basic values, extensively elaborated by Shalom Schwartz and his collaborators. The authors hypothesize that basic human values may have some explanatory potential. The goal of the current paper is, therefore, to explore the impact of values on the belief that Latvians have on what constitutes a fair society from Round 9 of the ESS Justice and Fairness module and also to reconsider the influence of other factors addressed in previous studies.},
  author = {Ņikišins, Jurijs and Niklass, Mareks},
  doi = {10.22364/rfr.33},
  journal = {Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  pages = {73-100},
  title = {Basic Human Values as Determinants of Attitudes Towards Inequality in Latvia: Evidence from the European Social Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22364/rfr.33},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2022
}

@phdthesis{langsaether2014class,
  abstract = {The most important questions in the study of class voting during the last few decades have been whether, to what degree, and why class voting has been declining. Usually, a dichotomous left-right party choice variable has been utilized. This may have distorted de-alignment and realignment, as the rise of the New Left and the New Right has changed the relationship between the social classes and the political parties. In this thesis, we utilize a party family dependent variable on contemporary data instead. We first describe the class basis in 18 West-European countries for all the party families, showing that the party families normally grouped into the "Left" and "Right"categories indeed have quite different class bases.The strength of class voting also varies by party family. We then test one of the mechanisms connecting class to voting, namely the role of value orientations. This means that we see how much of the bivariate association between class and voting that disappears whencontrolling for these intermediate variables. What we find is compelling evidence of the need for a more nuanced party choice variable: The amount of class voting accounted for by the value orientations varies between the party families. The thesis thus i) describes the class basis of the West-European party families; ii) tests a mechanism through which class has its effects on voting; iii) proves the need for a more nuanced, 4th generation dependent variable.},
  address = {Oslo},
  author = {Langsæther, P Egge},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  pages = 110,
  title = {Class Voting and Value Orientations: The fourth generation},
  url = {https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/41197},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{kerkhofs1986wertewandel,
  address = {München},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  booktitle = {Säkularisation und Wertewandel},
  editor = {Kerber, Walter},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {63-74},
  publisher = {Kindt Verlag},
  title = {Wertewandel: das Verständnis von Gewissen, Reue und Sünde in West-Europa},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1986
}

@book{gerard1983charities,
  address = {London},
  author = {Gerard, David},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Bedford Square Press},
  title = {Charities in Britain: Conservation or Change},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1983
}

@incollection{halman1998understanding,
  address = {Utrecht},
  annotation = {CD-ROM},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {Memory, history and critique: European identity at the millenium. Proceedings of the Fifth Conference of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas, at the University for Humanist Studies, Utrecht, 19-08-1996},
  editor = {Brinkhuis, F. and Talmor, S.},
  isbn = {73022118},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {ISSEI/University for Humanist Studies},
  title = {Understanding cross-national differences in basic value orientations},
  year = 1998
}

@article{heinz2023gender,
  abstract = {This paper contributes to debates about gender and diversity in teaching. Exploring the underrepresentation of males, socially constructed as a privileged group, is a complex task for researchers working within a social justice framework. Drawing on a national dataset (N = 5,627), we explore entry patterns to primary and post-primary Initial Teacher Education (ITE) programmes, socio-demographic backgrounds and career motivations of male and female ITE applicants and entrants in Ireland. Findings point to possible reasons for the underrepresentation of males in primary teaching, including competitive performance-based selection systems, Irish language competency requirements and a predominantly denominational school system. An intersectional analysis demonstrates the diversity which exists among male ITE applicants. New insights into the complexities of male positionalities in teaching can enhance dialectic debates about reasons for and implications of the underrepresentation of male teachers as well as the transformative potential of diverse and ?caring? masculinities for schools and society.},
  author = {Heinz, Manuela and Keane, Elaine and Davison, Kevin},
  doi = {10.1080/02619768.2021.1890709},
  issn = {02619768},
  journal = {European Journal of Teacher Education},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 1,
  pages = {134-153},
  title = {Gender in initial teacher education: entry patterns, intersectionality and a dialectic rationale for diverse masculinities in schooling},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1890709},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dutta2012culture,
  abstract = {This article investigates the missing link in the literature  whether informal institutions, or what is known as culture, can affect the level of financial development for a country? Our hypothesis stresses that the cultural dimensions of a country can have an impact on its financial set-up. We consider multiple dimensions of culture, identified in the literature by Tabellini (2008), to test our hypothesis. As culture evolves in the form of greater trust, control and other traits, individuals' attitudes towards financial market change, and they engage in greater financial transactions. This, in turn, leads to better financial development. Using quantile estimation technique for a cross section of 90 countries, we find that culture significantly influences the level of financial development. To ensure the robustness of our findings we use Hofstede's cultural dimension  Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)  as an alternative measure for culture. Our results hold for multiple measures of financial development.},
  author = {Dutta, Nabamita and Mukherjee, Deepraj},
  doi = {10.1080/13504851.2011.589800},
  journal = {Applied Economics Letters},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {585-590},
  title = {Is culture a determinant of financial development?},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504851.2011.589800#tabModule},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2012
}

@article{schweisguth1995monte,
  author = {Schweisguth, Étienne},
  issn = {2843871999},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {131-160},
  title = {La montée des valeurs individualistes},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 200,
  year = 1995
}

@article{damme2009employment,
  author = {Damme, M van and Kalmijn, M. and Uunk, W.J.G.},
  issn = {2667215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {183-197},
  title = {The Employment of Separated Women in Europe: The Impact of Individual and Institutional Factors},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2009
}

@article{cruz2023fuzzyset,
  abstract = {This article empirically examines whether corruption, education, inequality, and trust in parliament affect voter turnout in countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Specifically, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis is used to determine whether these factors (individually or in combination) are necessary or sufficient conditions for high or low voter turnout. To date, this method has never been applied to the study of voter turnout and this study attempts to fill this gap. The main conclusion is that corruption harms democracy by lowering voter turnout. The analysis also provides evidence that trust in parliament affects political participation and that the persistence of low educational attainment in a country, together with high inequality, is a sufficient condition for low turnout. Overall, the results suggest the importance of fighting corruption for citizen participation in democracy. They also show that measures to increase turnout should combine improvements in democratic institutions, education, and distributive justice.},
  author = {Cruz, José N.},
  doi = {10.1007/s10611-023-10102-0},
  issn = {15730751},
  journal = {Crime, Law and Social Change},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  m-study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  pages = {1-21},
  title = {A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of how corruption, education, inequality and trust in parliament affect voter-turnout},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-023-10102-0},
  year = 2023
}

@book{lorenz2011ostdeutschland,
  address = {Opladen},
  author = {Lorenz, Astrid},
  isbn = {978-3-86649-424-4},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 503,
  publisher = {Verl. Barbara Budrich},
  title = {Ostdeutschland und die Sozialwissenschaften: Bilanz und Perspektiven 20 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung},
  url = {http://www.budrich-verlag.de/pages/frameset/reload.php?ID=508&_requested_page=%2Fpages%2Fdetails.php},
  year = 2011
}

@article{tchernia2005valeurs,
  abstract = {Cet article consiste en la présentation de quelques résultats de lenquête EVS 1999 sur les valeurs des Européens. À partir de trois axes : mariage, parentalité et éducation des enfants, on voit apparaître des écarts entre les pays, même si globalement la famille reste valorisée. Il est à noter quil existe une différence entre la valeur attribuée à linstitution familiale et les pratiques effectives, que linfluence de la religion catholique est sensible et que la vision plus ou moins individualiste de la vie constitue un facteur important.},
  author = {Tchernia, Jean-François},
  journal = {Informations sociales},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 124,
  title = {Les valeurs familiales des Européens. Des conceptions diverses à l'oeuvre},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/revue-informations-sociales-2005-4-p-84.htm},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2005
}

@article{sarracino2011money,
  abstract = {Discovering whether social capital endowments in modern societies have beensubjected or not to a process of gradual erosion is one of the most debated topics in recenteconomic literature. Inaugurated by Putnam's pioneering studies, the debate on socialcapital trends has been recently revived by Stevenson and Wolfers (2008) contending Easterlin's assessment. Present work is aimed at finding evidence for the relationshipbetween changes in social capital and subjective well-being in western Europe, Australia,Canada and Japan between 1980 and 2005. In particular, I would like to answer questionssuch as: (1) is social capital in western Europe, Canada, Australia and Japan declining? Issuch erosion a general trend of modern and richer societies or is it a characteristic featureof the American one? (2) can social capital trend help explain subjective well-being trend?Therefore, present research considers three different set of proxies of social capital controllingfor time and socio-demographic aspects using WVS-EVS data between 1980 and2005. Present results are encouraging, showing evidence of positive correlation betweenseveral proxies of social capital and both happiness and life satisfaction. Furthermore,results show that during last twenty-five years people in some of the most modern anddeveloped countries have persistently lost confidence in the judicial system, religiousinstitutions, parliament and civil service.},
  author = {Sarracino, Francesco},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {Money, Sociability and Happiness: Are Developed Countries Doomed to Social Erosion and Unhappiness?},
  year = 2011
}

@article{montanesmuro2023social,
  abstract = {The debate surrounding whether or not euthanasia should be a legal practice has been present in Spanish society since the 90’s. Recently, the Spanish government has passed Organic Law 3/2021 on the regulation of euthanasia.  In relation to this question, which has raised and continues to raise controversy among both public opinion and the political and legal world, this work explores the relation of the different variables to the attitudes of the Spanish public towards euthanasia. For this purpose, 182 people residing in Spain took part in the study.  The results indicate that there are no differences with regard to the age or gender of the participants in their attitudes towards euthanasia. Those who hold religious beliefs (irrespective of their religion) hold less favourable attitudes towards euthanasia than non-believers. Political orientation also relates to attitudes towards euthanasia. Finally, trust in the country’s health system and people’s empathic concern is also related to their attitudes towards euthanasia. At this point in time, when euthanasia has only just been regulated and starts to be put into practice in this country, it is of vital importance to consider the social perspective of euthanasia.},
  author = {Montañés Muro, Pilar and Soriano, Mª Eugenia and Manzano-García, Guadalupe},
  doi = {10.6018/analesps.511201},
  journal = {Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  number = 2,
  pages = {287-293},
  title = {The social perspective of euthanasia in Spain: variables that predict attitudes towards euthanasia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.511201},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2023
}

@phdthesis{foldary2004relation,
  address = {Budapest},
  annotation = {Published by Corvinus University, Budapest},
  author = {Földàry, Mònika},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  school = {Corvinus University},
  title = {Relation of religiousness and values in various age groups of the Hungarian society},
  type = {Ph.D. thesis},
  year = 2004
}

@article{mauk2023online,
  abstract = {Electoral disinformation is feared to variously undermine democratic trust by inflaming incorrect negative beliefs about the fairness of elections, or to shore up dictators by creating falsely positive ones. Recent studies of political misperceptions, however, suggest that disinformation has at best minimal effects on beliefs. In this article, we investigate the drivers of public perceptions and misperceptions of election fairness. We build on theories of rational belief updating and motivated reasoning, and link public opinion data from 82 national elections with expert survey data on disinformation and de facto electoral integrity. We show that, overall, people arrive at largely accurate perceptions, but that disinformation campaigns are indeed associated with less accurate and more polarized beliefs about election fairness. This contributes a cross-nationally comparative perspective to studies of (dis)information processing and belief updating, as well as attitude formation and trust surrounding highly salient political institutions such as elections.},
  author = {Mauk, Marlene and Grömping, Max},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140231193008},
  issn = {0010-4140},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 6,
  pages = {965-998},
  title = {Online Disinformation Predicts Inaccurate Beliefs About Election Fairness Among Both Winners and Losers},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231193008},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{tchernia2001sexus,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  editor = {Galland, Oliver and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {2747517985},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {Rôles sexués: un consensus sans effets?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{orizo1998valors,
  address = {Barcelona},
  author = {Orizo, F Andrés and Sánchez, Alejandro},
  booktitle = {Valors i diversitat cultural a les societats d'Europa I del Magreb},
  editor = {Roque, Maria-Àngels},
  isbn = {8482565605},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Institut Català de la Mediterrània d'Estudis I Cooperació},
  title = {El valors dels joves},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1998
}

@article{haraldsson1985representative,
  author = {Haraldsson, Erlendur},
  issn = {0037-9751},
  journal = {Journal of the Society for Psychical Research},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 801,
  pages = {145-158},
  title = {Representative National Surveys of Psychic Phenomena: Iceland, Great Britain, Sweden, USA and Gallup's Multinational Survey},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 53,
  year = 1985
}

@article{chon2023national,
  abstract = {This is the first study to explore the relationship between Inglehart and Baker’s national cultural measures and the stream analogy of lethal violence. Using data for 70 developed and developing countries, the regression analysis indicates that a country with self-expressionism or secularism is likely to have a high suicide rate relative to its homicide rate. In contrast, a country with a survivalism or traditionalism orientation is likely to have a high homicide rate relative to its suicide rate. This study suggests that national culture is related to the direction of lethal violence (i.e., suicide vs. homicide).},
  author = {Chon, Don Soo},
  doi = {10.1177/10887679211059764},
  issn = {10887679},
  journal = {Homicide studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 3,
  pages = {338-360},
  title = {National culture and the stream analogy of lethal violence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679211059764},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2023
}

@article{harkonen2006stability,
  abstract = {In a series of papers, William J. Goode argued that the relationship between modernization and the class composition of divorce is inverse. Starting from his hypothesis, we examine the relationship between female education and the risk of divorce over time in 17 countries. We expect that the relationship differs across countries and across time, so that women with higher education have a higher risk of divorce in countries and at times when the social and economic costs of divorce are high, and that there is no relationship or a negative relationship where these costs are lower. Using discrete-time event-history techniques on data on first marriages from the Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS), we find that women with higher education had a higher risk of divorce in France, Greece, Italy, Poland, and Spain. We do not find a relationship between education and divorce in Estonia, Finland, West-Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Sweden, and Switzerland, nor, depending on the model specification, in Flanders and Norway. In Austria, Lithuania, and the United States, the educational gradient of divorce is negative. Furthermore, as predicted by our hypotheses, the educational gradient becomes increasingly negative in Flanders, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, and the United States. We explore this variation across time and countries in more detail with multilevel models and direct measures on the legal, social, and economic environment of the countries. We find that the de-institutionalization of marriage and unconventional family practices are associated with a negative educational gradient of divorce, while welfare state expenditure is associated with a more positive gradient.},
  author = {Harkonen, J. and Dronkers, J.},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {501-517},
  title = {Stability and change in the educational gradient of divorce. A comparison of seventeen countries},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2006
}

@article{nergard1986norske,
  abstract = {La religiosité actuelle des Norvégiens. Leur comportement envers les Dix Commandements. La vie dans la famille et la société. Engagement social et politique. Annexe: tableaux statistiques Norvège, Suède, Danemark, Etats-Unis.},
  author = {Nergård, T B.},
  journal = {Tidsskrift for teologi og kirke},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {93-105},
  title = {Det norske folks moral og verdier},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 57,
  year = 1986
}

@misc{krakovich2011ukrainians,
  abstract = {An analysis of social and cultural attitudes of inhabitants of Ukraine as these change during last 10 years and in comparison with attitudes of inhabitants of other European countries.},
  author = {Krakovich, Dmitriy},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Ukrainians in the context of European space and time},
  url = {http://dialogs.org.ua/project_ua_full.php?m_id=22248},
  year = 2011
}

@article{stavrova2013religious,
  abstract = {Drawing on social norms theories, we suggest that religiosity substantially increases subjective well-being if it is considered normative in a certain national context. In Study 1, we test this hypothesis using an indicator of a countrys social norm of religiosity that includes both the national level of religiosity and the social desirability of religion. The results of a multilevel regression analysis suggest that religious individuals are on average happier and more satisfied with life than non-religious individuals. This effect is stronger in religious countries with dominant negative attitudes towards non-believers. In Study 2, we further examine whether the differences in social recognition of religious and non-religious individuals in countries where religiosity is normative account for this finding. The results of a moderated mediation analysis indicate that in religious countries, religious people report being treated with more respect, which partially explains their higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction.},
  author = {Stavrova, Olga and Fetchenhauera, Detlef and Schlössera, Thomas},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {90-105},
  title = {Why are religious people happy? The effect of the social norm of religiosity across countries},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X12001536#},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2013
}

@book{orizo1991nuevos,
  address = {Santa Maria},
  author = {Orizo, A Francisco},
  isbn = {8434834650},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 253,
  publisher = {Santa Maria: Fundacion.},
  title = {Los nuevos valores de los Españoles (The New Values of Spaniards)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1991
}

@article{conway2013social,
  abstract = {The sociology of religion literature recognizes secularization as an uneven process complicated by individual and country-level variables. However, considerably less attention has been given to how correlates of church attendance vary across divergent settings within a single religious denomination. Employing recent data from Belgium, Ireland and Slovenia, we test whether the belief, ideological support fro the church, and religious commitment correlates of religious behaviour are similar across these Catholic countries and whether there are any remaining country effects influencing church attendance. The results of ordered logit regression models show, on the one hand, the correlates of church attendance are basically the same across the three countries and, on the other hand, that country effects remain even when controlling for the key explanatory variables and other covariates. These empirical findings suggest the need to develop a more contextual-based understandings of secularization, focusing on the influence of cultural factors operative in nationally-specific settings.},
  author = {Conway, Brian},
  journal = {Review of religious research},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {61-80},
  title = {Social Correlates of Church Attendance in Three European Catholic Countries},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13644-012-0086-x},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{lundmark1995feminist,
  abstract = {This chapter proceeds from the argument that the emancipation of women and other societal changes are likely to have changed perceptions about the distribution of power between men and women. It examines the idea of a feminist political orientation from the perspective of feminist theories. It then proposes an operationalization of feminist political culture, which allows the possibility to be tested that a feminist orientation exists within a West European political context. After presenting and assessing some empirical data, it discusses the interaction between a feminist value orientation and beliefs in government.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Lundmark, Carina},
  booktitle = {The Impact of Values},
  editor = {van Deth, J W. and Scarbrough, Elinor},
  isbn = {0198279574, 019829475},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {250-275},
  publisher = {Oxford university Press},
  title = {Feminist Political Orientations},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{cascella2022extended,
  abstract = {Gender equality has been widely explored, but there is limited research investigating its variability at regional level. This paper aims to fill this gap by developing and validating a new, regional gender gaps index, compatible with previous indices used to compare gender equality across nations but now fit for the purpose of measuring gender equality across regions, within nations. To this end, we (i) reviewed existing indicators of gender equality; (ii) assessed the contribution of the indicators most frequently used in previous research to measure gender equality; (iii) developed an extended, regional version of the gender gaps index (eRGGI), by extending it to include new indicators able to capture female empowerment in developed countries, like Italy; and, (iv) explored the variability of gender equality across Italian regions. In developing our eRGGI, some indicators traditionally used to measure gender equality were removed and others were introduced to capture new dimensions of gender equality to suit modern conditions regarding contexts where equality is considered important, in contemporary Europe. Results showed that gender equality varies dramatically across regions, also confirming the relevance of the new indicators we proposed to add. Such results call for more caution in interpreting results based on nationally aggregated data to inform policy and practice, arguing for regional comparisons to become more prominent.},
  author = {Cascella, C. and Williams, J. and Pampaka, M.},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-021-02764-x},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  number = 2,
  pages = {757-800},
  title = {An Extended Regional Gender Gaps Index (eRGGI): Comparative Measurement of Gender Equality at Different Levels of Regionality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02764-x},
  volume = 159,
  year = 2022
}

@article{martinangeli2023institutional,
  abstract = {Generalized trust is essential for collective action, which is at the heart of many societal problems. Institutional quality has been proposed as a driver of generalized trust, but while the correlation between the two is strong and robust, the evidence on the causal link is scant. We show that this relationship is causal. We first experimentally expose individuals to institutions of different quality, operationalized as their ability to prevent corrupt behavior. We then measure generalized trust using a trust game. The results show that institutional quality drives generalized trust and that this effect is generated by the mere doubt that corrupt behaviors might succeed, even without knowledge of occurrence or success of such behaviors. Cross-country comparisons with novel data support our results. Our contributions are the first causal experimental evidence on the link between institutional quality and trust and a novel experimental design for modeling institutional quality in laboratory settings.},
  author = {Martinangeli, Andrea F.M and Povitkina, Marina and Jagers, Sverker and Rothstein, Bo},
  doi = {10.1111/ajps.12780},
  issn = {00925853},
  journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS 1981-2017},
  pages = {1-16},
  title = {Institutional Quality Causes Generalized Trust: Experimental Evidence on Trusting under the Shadow of Doubt},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12780},
  year = 2023
}

@article{delooz1983divorce,
  address = {Europe-North America},
  author = {Delooz, P.},
  journal = {Pro Mundi Vita Dossiers},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  title = {Divorce},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 22,
  year = 1983
}

@article{abela1999values,
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {The Sunday Times},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  month = {October},
  title = {Values 2000: 1. Marriage, Family, Gender and Parenting},
  type = {Newspaper Article},
  year = 1999
}

@article{monscheuer2023national,
  abstract = {How does immigrants’ national identity affect integration in an inter-generational context? The theoretical framework of this paper predicts that a pronounced origin country identity of immigrants may reduce investments in country-specific human capital—with negative consequences for the school and labor market success of the second generation. The empirical analysis exploits rich survey data from the U.S. and relies on a novel IV strategy inspired by the epidemiological approach, where an aggregate measure of national pride in the country of origin serves as an instrument for immigrants’ origin attachment. Results show that children whose parents are strongly attached to their origin country have less contact to natives and develop a stronger origin country identity, while their host country identity is not found to be affected. Consistent with the theoretical argument, they speak English less frequently and more poorly, and perform worse in school compared to peers whose parents are less attached to their origin country. Additional results from the CPS suggest negative long-term effects on labor market outcomes.},
  author = {Monscheuer, Ole},
  doi = {10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102327},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2880 ; ZA3910},
  issn = {09275371},
  journal = {Labour Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  m-study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  pages = {1-65},
  study-id = {ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003},
  title = {National Identity and the Integration of Second-Generation Immigrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102327},
  volume = 82,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kerkhofs1993enige,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Tijdschrift voor Welzijnswerk},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {21-27},
  title = {Enige Aspecten van het Vrijwilligerswerk Volgens het Europees Waardenonderzoek (x- Some Aspects of Volunteering According to the European Values Study)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 17,
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{roudet2001prsence,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Roudet, Bernard and Tchernia, Jean-François},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  editor = {Galland, Oliver and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {2747517985, 9782747517980},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {Une présence active dans un milieu associatif en évolution},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@book{halman1988toekomst,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Heunks, Felix},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Heunks, Felix},
  isbn = {9036195136},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 75,
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {De Toekomst van de Traditie: Vier Visies op een Onderzoek naar Normen en Waarden (x- The Future of Tradition. Four Perspectives on a Study of Norms and Values)},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1988
}

@article{apahideanu2013meets,
  abstract = {Theoretically placeable within the framework of the secularization versus post-secularism debate, this research employs an aggregated religiosity index as an instrument to compare Western and former Communist Eastern Europe during the globalization era in terms of area trends in religiosity. Structured in eighteen differently weighted components corresponding to three core dimensions of religiosity, i.e. beliefs, practice, and affiliation, the index confirms that over the past decade, while in the West (and Central Europe as well) secularization trends have continued, albeit at different rates and content variations, globalization seems to have finally "stepped in" in the East, where the spectacular religious revival of the 1990s has been considerably slowed down, apparently entering a plateau phase, although the remarkable both denominational and religiosity diversity in the area urges to caution in any generalizing statements.},
  author = {Apahideanu, Ionuţ},
  issn = {1583-0039},
  journal = {Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 36,
  pages = {100-128},
  title = {East Meets West Once Again: A Quantitative Comparative Approach of Religiosity in Europe over the Last Two Decades},
  url = {http://www.jsri.ro/ojs/index.php/jsri/article/view/717},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2013
}

@article{montanes2023social,
  abstract = {The debate surrounding whether or not euthanasia should be a legal practice has been present in Spanish society since the 90's. Recently, the Spanish government has passed Organic Law 3/2021 on the regulation of euthanasia. In relation to this question, which has raised and continues to raise controversy among both public opinion and the political and legal world, this work explores the relation of the different variables to the attitudes of the Spanish public towards euthanasia. For this purpose, 182 people residing in Spain took part in the study. The results indicate that there are no differences with regard to the age or gender of the participants in their attitudes towards euthanasia. Those who hold religious beliefs (irrespective of their religion) hold less favourable attitudes towards euthanasia than non-believers. Political orientation also relates to attitudes towards euthanasia. Finally, trust in the country's health system and people's empathic concern is also related to their attitudes towards euthanasia. At this point in time, when euthanasia has only just been regulated and starts to be put into practice in this country, it is of vital importance to consider the social perspective of euthanasia.},
  author = {Montañés, Pilar and Soriano, Mª Eugenia and Manzano-García, Guadalupe},
  doi = {10.6018/analesps.511201},
  issn = {0212-9728},
  journal = {Anales de Psicología},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  number = 2,
  pages = {287-293},
  title = {The social perspective of euthanasia in Spain: variables that predict attitudes towards euthanasia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.511201},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{arts2003cultural,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Hagenaars, J.A.P. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity. Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Hagenaars, J.A.P.},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1-12},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {The cultural diversity of European unity: an introduction},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{gerhards2006europischer,
  address = {Münster u.a.},
  author = {Gerhards, Jürgen and Holscher, Michael},
  booktitle = {Die Werte Europas. Verfassungspatriotismus und Wertegemeinschaft in der EU?},
  editor = {Heit, Helmut},
  isbn = {3825887707, 9783825887704},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {96-107},
  publisher = {Lit Verlag},
  title = {Europäischer Verfassungspatriotismus und die Verbreitung zentraler Werte in den Mitglieds- und Beitrittsländern der EU und der Türkei.(English title: European Constitutional Patriotism and the Spreading of Central Values in the Member- and Applicant Countries and Turkey.)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{choutkova2024analza,
  abstract = {This thesis focuses on and tackles the topic of attitudes of young people towards the adoption of children by same-sex couples. The object of this research were the attitudes of young people on the given topic, which we thoroughly analysed. The first chapter is devoted to the attitudes and the adoption of children by same-sex couples throughout the world, which is based upon various research from the past. The final part is an empirical research in which the attitudes of young people to the adoption of children by same-sex couples in Slovakia were examined using a questionnaire, which was later used in statistical analysis. Based on our research we can conclude that young people’s attitudes towards adoption by same-sex couples are fairly positive in modern day Slovak society.},
  address = {Košice},
  author = {Choutková, Ema and Kalina, Ondrej and Lichner, Vladimir},
  booktitle = {Adolescenti - cieľová skupina? 11. ročník Košických dní sociálnej práce},
  doi = {10.33542/ACS-0349-4},
  editor = {Lovašová, Soňa and Bérešová, Veronika},
  isbn = {978-80-574-0349-4},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth english incollection},
  language = {other},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  pages = {62-73},
  publisher = {Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika},
  title = {Analýza postojov mladých ľudí k adopcii detí homosexuálnymi pármi},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33542/ACS-0349-4},
  year = 2024
}

@article{surkyn2004value,
  abstract = {The core issue in this article is the empirical tracing of the connection between a variety of value orientations and the life course choices concerning living arrangements and family formation. The existence of such a connection is a crucial element in the so-called theory of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT). The underlying model is of a recursive nature and based on two effects: firstly, values-based self-selection of individuals into alternative living arrangement or household types, and secondly, event-based adaptation of values to the newly chosen household situation. Any testing of such a recursive model requires the use of panel data. Failing these, only footprints of the two effects can be derived and traced in cross-sectional data. Here, use is made of the latest round of the European Values Surveys of 1999-2000, mainly because no other source has such a large selection of value items. The comparison involves two Iberian countries, three western European ones, and two Scandinavian samples. The profiles of the value orientations are based on 80 items which cover a variety of dimensions (e.g. religiosity, ethics, civil morality, family values, social cohesion, expressive values, gender role orientations, trust in institutions, protest proneness and post-materialism, tolerance for minorities etc.). These are analysed according to eight different household positions based on the transitions to independent living, cohabitation and marriage, parenthood and union dissolution. Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) is used to control for confounding effects of other relevant covariates (age, gender, education, economic activity and stratification, urbanity). Subsequently, Correspondence Analysis is used to picture the proximities between the 80 value items and the eight household positions. Very similar value profiles according to household position are found for the three sets of countries, despite the fact that the onset of the SDT in Scandinavia precedes that in the Iberian countries by roughly twenty years. Moreover, the profile similarity remains intact when the comparison is extended to an extra group of seven formerly communist countries in central and Eastern Europe. Such pattern robustness is supportive of the contention that the ideational or cultural factor is indeed a non-redundant and necessary (but not a sufficient) element in the explanation of the demographic changes of the SDT. Moreover, the profile similarity also points in the direction of the operation of comparable mechanisms of selection and adaptation in the contrasting European settings.},
  author = {Surkyn, J. and Lesthaeghe, R.},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {45-86},
  title = {Value Orientations and the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) in Northern, Western and Southern Europe: An Update},
  volume = {S3},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{gabriel1996distrust,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Gabriel, O W.},
  booktitle = {Political Value Change in Western Democracies: Integration, Values, Identification and Participation},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {193-220},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Distrust, Involvement, and Political Protest in Western Democracies},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@article{belli2023emotional,
  abstract = {The adaptation to flexible work during the COVID-19 pandemic has meant that researchers still do not know how professional dynamics function correctly in this new context. In this research, we focus on new issues that have arisen in this era of hybrid work, with the aim of improving performance, conciliation, and emotional labour well-being in the specific professional environments of Spanish universities and research institutes. We show the results from a survey comprising 451 academics. Aspects such as management and leadership over their work and promoting well-being in their work spaces and co-workers, have been observed and identified in the survey. The figure of a leader emerges as someone who is communicative, collaborative, and that helps colleagues and their professional development. We suggest that a tightrope walker leader, that is, one who knows how to strike a balance between individual needs and collective interests, could be the key to ensuring the well-being of academics.},
  author = {Belli, Simone and Lorca, Jacinto G. and Castro, Marcelo León},
  issn = {2280-4056},
  journal = {E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 1,
  pages = {70-93},
  title = {Emotional Labour Well-Being and Leadership among Spanish Academics},
  url = {https://ejcls.adapt.it/index.php/ejcls_adapt/article/view/1299},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kostis2023examining,
  abstract = {This study undertakes a comprehensive multi-country analysis to investigate the intricate relationships among climate change, cultural dynamics, and sustainable development. Leveraging a robust, unbalanced panel dataset that encompasses one hundred and eight countries or regions over nearly four decades (1981&ndash;2019), this study employs fixed-effects estimation techniques to mitigate the impact of time-invariant heterogeneity across observational units. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is also employed as an advanced analytical tool to explore complex causal pathways and latent variables. Conducted in Stata, this multifaceted approach allows us to delve into the causal interconnections between climate change indicators, various cultural attributes, and indices of sustainable development. The findings reveal a negative influence of climate change on cultural background formation, which in turn impacts sustainable development. On the other hand, it is found that cultural background contributes positively to sustainable development. This suggests integrating cultural considerations into climate change adaptation, mitigation strategies, and sustainable development interventions. These strategies account for diverse societal values and behaviors, facilitating more effective climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study contributes to the growing research on the interplay between climate change and sustainable development by emphasizing a culturally informed policy framework. Its findings stand to inform national and international policymaking and enrich the discourse surrounding the creative economy&rsquo;s role in promoting sustainable development in the face of climate change.},
  author = {Kostis, Pantelis C. and Kafka, Kyriaki I.},
  doi = {10.3390/su151813652},
  issn = {20711050},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 18,
  pages = {1-17},
  title = {Examining the Interplay of Climate Change, Cultural Dynamics, and Sustainable Development: A Global Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813652},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{riffault1995resultados,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Riffault, Hélène},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y politicos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227, 9788481120226},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {369-372},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Resultados de la Encuesta de Valores en Francia},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{capraro1992valori,
  address = {Padova},
  author = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  booktitle = {CET, Le regioni del Nord-Est, Società, economia e ambiente},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {197-207},
  publisher = {Messaggero},
  title = {I valori degli italiani negli anni Ottanta secondo un'indagine europea},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1992
}

@incollection{inglehart1999postmodernization,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Critical Citizens: Support for Democratic Government},
  editor = {Norris, Pippa},
  isbn = {198294794},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {236-256},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Postmodernization Brings Declining Respect for Authority but Rising Support for Democracy},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1999
}

@article{lorca2023towards,
  abstract = {The chaotic adaptation to hybrid work during the COVID-19 pandemic has meant that workers still do not know how professional dynamics function correctly in this new context. In this paper, we focus on new issues that have arisen in this era of hybrid work, with the aim of improving performance, conciliation, and well-being in the specific professional environments of universities and research institutes. We will show the results from a non-representative survey comprising 451 scientists. Aspects such as management and leadership over their work, the purpose to achieve something innovative in their work, and promoting well-being in their work spaces and co-workers, have been observed and identified in the survey. The figure of a leader emerges as someone who is communicative, collaborative, and that helps colleagues and their professional development. We suggest that a tightrope walker leader, that is, one who knows how to strike a balance between individual needs and collective interests, could be the key to ensuring the well-being of scientists.},
  author = {Lorca, Jacinto G. and Belli, Simone},
  doi = {10.3390/admsci13020063},
  issn = {20763387},
  journal = {Administrative Sciences},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-17},
  title = {Towards a Funambulist Leadership in Researchers Well-Being: Managing Equilibriums and Tensions in the Hybrid Work Era},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020063},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2023
}

@article{minagawa2013inequalities,
  abstract = {Compared to the large body of research on mortality differentials between East Central Europe and the former Soviet Union, little attention has been paid to how overall population health status differs between these two country groups. This article investigates disparities in population health, measured by healthy life expectancy (HLE) between ages 20 and 74, for 23 Eastern European countries in 2008. There are substantial disparities in partial HLE between East Central Europe and the former Soviet Union, amounting to differences of 10 years on average for men and women. In addition, factors reflecting the malfunction of existing social structure are inversely associated with partial HLE. Accordingly, populations in countries where corruption, restriction of freedom, and violence are prevalent spend fewer years in good health.},
  author = {Minagawa, Yuka},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00632.x},
  journal = {Population and Development Review},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {649-671},
  title = {Inequalities in Healthy Life Expectancy in Eastern Europe},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00632.x/full},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2013
}

@phdthesis{putman2013values,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Putman, L S.},
  isbn = {9789090273761},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  pages = 199,
  title = {Work values: Their emergence and their consequences for labour market},
  year = 2013
}

@article{singh2023assessing,
  abstract = {An increasing number of research projects and infrastructure services involve pooling data across different survey programs. Creating a homogenous integrated dataset from heterogeneous source data is the domain of ex-post harmonization. The harmonization process involves various considerations. However, chief among them is whether two survey measurement instruments have captured the same concept. This issue of conceptual comparability is a fundamental precondition for pooling different source variables to form a harmonized target variable. Our paper explores this issue with a mixed-methods approach. On the one hand, we use psychometric latent variable modeling by presenting several single-item wordings for social trust to respondents and then performing factor analytic procedures. On the other hand, we complement and contrast these quantitative findings with qualitative findings gained with an open-ended web probe. The combined approach gave valuable insights into the conceptual comparability of the eleven social-trust-related single-item wordings. For example, we find that negative, distrust-related wordings and positive, trust-related wordings should not be pooled into an integrated variable. However, the paper will also illustrate and discuss why it is easier to disprove conceptual comparability than fully prove it.},
  author = {Singh, Ranjit Konrad and Neuert, Cornelia Eva and Raykov, Tenko},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-023-01801-w},
  issn = {1573-7845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.13271 ; 10.4232/1.13707 ; 10.4232/1.13841 ; 10.4232/1.14007 ; 10.4232/1.12796},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA5500 v3.0.0 ; ZA4700 v2.0.0 ; ZA4800 v5.0.0 ; ZA5665 v46.0.0 ; ZA5250 v2.1.0},
  m-study-id = {ISSP2010 ; ISSP2006 ; EVS2008 ; GESIS Panel - Standard Edition ; ALLBUS2016},
  pages = {1-27},
  title = {Assessing conceptual comparability of single-item survey instruments with a mixed-methods approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-023-01801-w},
  year = 2023
}

@book{gundelach1992danskernes,
  address = {København},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter and Riis, Ole},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Forlaget Sociologi},
  title = {Danskernes Vaerdier (x- Danish Values)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1992
}

@article{schnabel2014religious,
  abstract = {This article focuses on religion and the embeddedness in civil society. We examine the relationship between religion and national identity (ethnic and civic). Our findings show that individual religiosity continues to play an important role in sustaining both forms of national identity. In addition to other studies, we examine the relationship between religion as a societal phenomenon and individual national identity and find the following: The stronger the relationship between state and religion, the stronger the ethnic identity; the more the religious homogeneity, the stronger the ethnic identity; and there is no relationship between aggregated degree of religious organizations and identity. We conclude that religion continues to play a major role in the making of civil society, but the specific circumstances vary according to the religious representation. In other words, religion can both make and unmake national identity.},
  author = {Schnabel, Annette and Hjerm, Mikael},
  journal = {SAGE open},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-14},
  title = {How the Religious Cleavages of Civil Society Shape National Identity},
  url = {http://classic.sgo.sagepub.com/content/4/1/2158244014525417.short},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{halman1999gezin,
  address = {Haarlem},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {Recente ontwikkelingen in het marktonderzoek. Jaarboek 1999 van de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Marktonderzoek en Informatiemanagement},
  editor = {Bronner, A.E. and Dekker, P. and Olivier, A.J. and Raaij, W.F. van and Wedel, M. and Wierenga, B.},
  isbn = {9060764560},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {131-145},
  publisher = {Uitgeverij de Vrieseborch},
  title = {Wat is er aan de hand met ons gezin? Een exploratie van de Europese opvattingen over gezin, huwelijk, ouderschap, ouder-kind relaties en vrouwenrollen},
  year = 1999
}

@article{brezovec2023strukturalnointerakcijske,
  abstract = {Patriotism is a concept that is not characterized by a terminological but through the lived experience of it. This means that in considering the concept of patriotism, one should not be satisfied with the definition, but with how people perceive patriotism in the context of everyday life. In Croatian society, patriotism is a frequent topic in public space, and accordingly, this paper analyses the connection between trust in a set of institutions and perceptions (positive and negative) of patriotism. The reason for studying this relation comes from the theoretical construct in which patriotism can be perceived because of the interactional process, which is influenced by the structural aspects of social life, so the very perception of patriotism is reflected through the relationship of individuals to certain institutions. The survey was conducted on the non-probability sample and the analysis included factor analysis and Structural equation modelling. In factor analysis, we got two dimensions of patriotism – positive and negative patriotism, and trust in institutions was grouped into high trust institutions and low trust institutions. The last-mentioned institutions have been treated as exogenic constructs. Research has shown that a dimension of trust in formative institutions is a good predictor of positive perceptions of patriotism. The rest of the relationships have a relatively weak possibility of prediction. The mediation effects of sex, age, and education also had a low effect on the model.},
  author = {Brezovec, Erik and Ježovita, Josip and Perkov, Ivan},
  doi = {10.31192/np.21.3.7},
  issn = {13342312},
  journal = {Nova prisutnost: časopis za intelektualna i duhovna pitanja},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article other},
  language = {other},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 3,
  pages = {585-605},
  title = {Strukturalno-interakcijske odrednice domoljublja u hrvatskom društvu: povezanost pozitivne i/ili negativne slike domoljublja i povjerenja u institucije (Structural-interactional Determinants of Patriotism in Croatian Society: The Connection Between Positive and/or Negative Images of Patriotism and Trust in Institutions)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31192/np.21.3.7},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2023
}

@article{listhaug1986defence,
  abstract = {This article presents the empirical findings of attitudes towards war and defence from 14 countries as measured by the International Values Study in 1981-1982. The US shows the highest level of fear that the country will be involved in a major war within the next five years. Hungary, the single Eastern European nation included, records a very low level of fear of war involvement, and is in this regard, close to Norway and Sweden. Hungary, Norway, Sweden and the US all have a public that records a strong willingness to defend the country in case of war. The defence will is much weaker in the nations of continental Europe, especially Belgium, Italy and West Germany. Some of the factors that can be used to account for differences between the countries are: Geopolitical vulnerability, historical experiences of defeat and sufferings in war, and the degree of international involvements of a nation.},
  author = {Listhaug, Ola},
  issn = {223433},
  journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {69-76},
  title = {War and Defence Attitudes: A first Look at Survey Data from 14 Countries},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/1/69},
  volume = 23,
  year = 1986
}

@book{noelleneumann1987zweifel,
  address = {Stuttgart},
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth and Maier-Leibnitz, Heinz},
  isbn = {3720152022},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 139,
  publisher = {Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt},
  title = {Zweifel am Verstand: Das irrationale als die neue Moral},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1987
}

@incollection{brechon1997mystere,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Femmes et religions, Labor et Fides},
  editor = {Lautman, F.},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {309-330},
  title = {Le mystere des identites religieuses masculines et feminines},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@book{abela2003family,
  address = {Loughborough},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Centre for European Studies.},
  series = {Cross-National Research Papers 6 (5) Quantitative Comparisons of Changing Family Structures},
  title = {Family Values and Social Policy in Europe},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{simons1995fertility,
  abstract = {This chapter is about the implications of fertility trends in Western countries in the 1980s for trends in family sentiment and social integration. The evidence used is taken from the European Values Surveys of 1981 and 1990. The intellectual foundation of the study is Emile Durkheim's work on social integration. Durkheim is famous for his use of the suicide rate as an indicator of social integration but it is less widely known that he used the birth rate as a measure of the same phenomenon. In fact a paper (Durkheim, 1888) that foreshadowed Suicide (1897) was entitled ' Suicide and fertility: a study of moral statistics'. Believing that domestic solidarity was essential to social solidarity in general, he argued in that paper that the greater the unity of the family, as evident in a ' healthy' birth rate and a low rate of marital dissolution, the more it served as a protection against suicide. A decline in the birth rate implied a decline in family sentiment.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Simons, John},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {251-268},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Fertility and Values in 15 Western Countries During the 1980s},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{inglehart2003gender,
  abstract = {Although democratic institutions existed long before gender equality, at this point in history, growing emphasis on gender equality is a central component of the process of democratization. It is part of a broad cultural change that is transforming industrialized societies and bringing growing mass demands for increasingly democratic institutions. This article analyzes the role of changing mass attitudes in the spread of democratic institutions, using survey evidence from 70 societies containing 80 percent of the world's population. The evidence supports the conclusion that the process of modernization drives cultural change that encourage both the rise of women in public life, and the development of democratic institutions.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Norris, Pippa and Welzel, Christian},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {91-115},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Gender Equality and Democracy},
  year = 2003
}

@article{garciavalinas2012volunteering,
  abstract = {In the spirit of previous work in the compliance literature (e.g., tax, littering), we investigate whether environmental social norms affect volunteering in environmental organizations. Using two environmental morale variables as indirect measures, we analyze the impact of social norms on the incidence of unpaid work in environmental organizations. In addition, we test whether violation of a specific environmental norm initiates a conditional cooperation response. We explore a large individual data set covering 32 countries from both Western and Eastern Europe, and extend the number of countries investigated to test the robustness of the relationship at the macro level. Our results indicate a strong positive relationship between the proxies for environmental social norms and volunteering in environmental organizations. The relationship persists despite our various robustness checks.},
  author = {García-Valiñas, M M. and Macintyre, Alison and Torgler, Benno},
  journal = {Journal of Socio-Economics},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {455-467},
  title = {Volunteering, pro-environmental attitudes and norms},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053535711000849},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2012
}

@article{noorderhaven2003intercultural,
  author = {Noorderhaven, N.G. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  issn = {14675986},
  journal = {Intercultural Education},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {67-76},
  title = {Does intercultural education lead to more cultural homogeneity and tolerance?},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2003
}

@techreport{economic2003policy,
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Economic, The National and Forum, Social},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  pages = {1-150},
  title = {The Policy Implications of Social Capital},
  type = {Report},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2003
}

@book{stoetzel1983valeurs,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Stoetzel, Jean},
  isbn = {2130380867},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book french},
  pages = 309,
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France (PUF)},
  title = {Les valeurs du temps présent: une enquête européenne (x- Contemporary Values: A European Study)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1983
}

@incollection{hirschballin2003european,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Hirsch Ballin, Ernst},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {421-432},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {European Identity and Interreligious Dialogue},
  year = 2003
}

@article{konstantinov2024rightwing,
  abstract = {The growth of heterodox ideological configurations, or ideological inconsistencies, among the electorate of Western countries, has been offered as one explanation for recent momentous political events, such as Brexit or the election of Donald Trump as US President. Previous research, however, suggests that ideological inconsistency has been typical for Central and Eastern European (CEE) states for the past thirty years after the fall of the Socialist regimes there. Based on a survey of 102 active members of local and national party structures in Bulgaria, followed by in-depth interviews with the same respondents, I develop a conceptual and methodological approach aimed at objectively measuring Bulgarians’ political values and ideological orientations. Building on previous research on the statistical independence of the social and economic dimensions of ideology, this study identifies three main models of ideological inconsistency at the party-elite level in Bulgaria, offering evidence of the “homogeneity in ideological inconsistency” in this post-Socialist country, with party elites and electorate following the same patterns of inconsistency. The existence of a conservative value complex, integrating traditionalist, statist, and nationalist attitudes regarding the social sphere, is another major finding of the study. I discuss the specific historical and socio-cultural background contributing to ideological inconsistency in Bulgaria and potential implications for the wider CEE region.},
  author = {Konstantinov, Martin},
  doi = {10.3390/socsci13010012},
  issn = {2076-0760},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-26},
  title = {Right-Wing Leftists, Left-Wing Rightists, and Traditionalist Liberals: Core Political Values and Ideological Inconsistency at the Party-Elite Level in Bulgaria},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010012},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2024
}

@article{palkina2023covid19,
  abstract = {The article reveals the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on gender differences in anxiety and depression. The empirical dataset is the panel data on Russia from the international research project "Values in Crisis" (ViC), conducted in June 2020, April — May 2021, and November — December 2021. The study found that women were more likely to experience anxiety and depression than men during the pandemic, which comes in line with a trend seen in many countries. No significant change was found in these differences between the three waves of the survey. The absence of the changes or of the interactive effect between gender and factors associated with the pandemic (if a person or his/her close people experienced coronavirus symptoms, job loss, the need to provide care for children, etc.) can be explained by the fact that gender differences in mental health in Russia should be seen as pre-existed rather than as consequences of the pandemic. At the same time, the factors of anxiety and depression differ in men and women. Job loss increases anxiety only in men. Moving to part-time work increases anxiety and depression in both men and women, but the effect for women is stronger. Age decreases female anxiety and depression in both subsamples. The study confirms the need to consider gender differences in mental health in order to develop effective social policy measures in crisis situations.},
  author = {Palkina, Alina V. and Soboleva, Natalia E.},
  doi = {10.14515/monitoring.2023.4.2364},
  issn = {2219-5467},
  journal = {Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes },
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article other},
  language = {other},
  m-data_doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 176,
  pages = {54-78},
  title = {Гендерные различия в тревожности и депрессии во время пандемии COVID-19 в России (Gender Differences in Anxiety and Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2023.4.2364},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{inglehart2007mapping,
  abstract = {Modernization goes through two main phases, each of which brings distinctive changes in people's worldviews. The Industrial Revolution was linked with a shift from traditional to secular-rational values, bringing bureaucratization, centralization, standardization and the secularization of authority. In the post-industrial phase of modernization, a shift from survival values to self-expression values, brings increasing emancipation from both religious and secular-rational authority. Rising mass emphasis on self-expression values makes democracy increasingly likely to emerge. Although the desire for freedom is a universal human aspiration, it does not take top priority when people grow up with the feeling that survival is uncertain. But when survival seems secure, increasing emphasis on self-expression values makes the emergence of democracy increasingly likely where it does not yet exist, and makes democracy increasingly effective where it already exists.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Measuring and Mapping Cultures: 25 Years of Comparative Value Surveys},
  editor = {Esmer, Yilmaz and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  isbn = {9004158200},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {11-32},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Mapping Global Values},
  year = 2007
}

@article{grotsch2012integration,
  abstract = {Since the founding of the European Union, religion has become an increasingly important aspect in shaping European identity and thereby social cohesion in Europe. Social cohesion depends to a high degree on a successfully established distinction between "us" and "them". Religion became one important marker of such boundaries. However, religion works both as an individual-level and an EU-level property. In order to take religion into consideration on the level of individual religiousness and as an institutionalised framework, we combine an analysis of key documents of the European Commission with a quantitative analysis of individual attitudes towards Europe. This combination of methods enables us to track the "discovery of religion" by the European Commission as a means for social cohesion and the potential of religion to create Europeanness among the EU-citizens. We focus on the crucial period between 1990 and 2000 in which the major system transformation from EEC to EU took place. The quantitative analysis is conducted as a multi-level analysis on the basis of the European Value Survey 1990 and 2000. The data reveal that in fact over a 10-year period, the European integration project has begun to evolve towards an identity project with religion as a key factor on both levels.},
  author = {Grötsch, Florian and Schnabel, Annette},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2012.709532},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {586-610},
  title = {Integration - What integration? The religious framing of the European integration process between 1990 and 2000},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616696.2012.709532#.U7bSO_l_vuJ},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2012
}

@article{inglehart1995changing,
  abstract = {Presents evidence that economic development, cultural change, & political change are linked in coherent & even, to some extent, predictable patterns, as modernization theory claimed, but modernization is not linear. In advanced industrial societies, the prevailing direction of development has changed in the last quarter century, & this shift is so distinctive that it might be described as postmodernization, rather than modernization. Data are analyzed from the 1990/91 World Value Survey, drawn from 43 nations throughout the world, representing almost 70% of the world's population & covering the full range of economic & political variation. Coherent cultural patterns are found, which are closely linked with the economic growth rates of given societies. The familiar modernization syndrome of industrialization & mass mobilization is linked with a consistent shift from traditional to rational legal values; this may go with either democratic or authoritarian regimes. But the emergence of advanced industrial society gives rise to a shift from scarcity values to postmodern values, in which a variety of attributes, from equal rights for women to democratic political institutions, become increasingly likely.},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  issn = {208701},
  journal = {International Social Science Journal},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {379-404},
  title = {Changing Values, Economic Development and Political Change},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 47,
  year = 1995
}

@book{kerkhofs1997europeanen,
  abstract = {Vroeger ging men op zondag naar de kerk en dacht men er niet aan om zomaar ongehuwd te gaan samenwonen. Vroeger waren kinderen vanzelfsprekend, nu worden baby's uitgesteld tot ze kunnen worden ingepast in de carrière en de reisplannen. Vroeger moest een man zijn vrouw al echt mishandelen voor zij het echtelijk dak verliet, nu is echtscheiding courant... Jan Kerkhofs is een internationale autoriteit inzake waardenonderzoek. In de 'Europeanen en hun waarden' antwoordt hij op vragen als: waarom verschuiven waarden? dachten onze grootouders anders over existentiële vragen van het leven dan de jongeren van nu? welke opvattingen heeft de Europeaan over reïncarnatie, arbeid, inkomen, werkloosheid, milieu, vrije tijd, altruïsme....? Zijn er significante verschillen waarneembaar tussen Noord- en Zuid-Europa, tussen rijke en minder geïndustrialiseerde gebieden, tussen staten met meer of minder democratie...? Wat wij denken en voelen wordt gevat in concrete cijfers.},
  address = {Leuven},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  isbn = {9789061526063},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 164,
  publisher = {Davidsfonds},
  title = {De Europeanen en hun Waarden: Wat Wij Denken en Voelen (x- Europeans and their Vales. What we Think and Feel)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1997
}

@article{liu2022being,
  abstract = {Citizens can play an important role in disseminating scientific information about climate change, if motivated to do so. However, expressing green positions has the potential to negatively affect people’s reputation, by making them look judgmental for instance. In three experiments among US and UK participants (N = 1197), we investigate the reputational costs of sharing statements about climate change that vary in accuracy and in potential impact. In experiment 1, we show that participants judge more negatively someone sharing a bleak (but arguably more accurate) statement about climate change (e.g., calling it “climate breakdown”), compared to a control statement. Experiment 2 replicates this finding with control statements (e.g., “The richest 1% in the world is responsible for most of the greenhouse gas emissions”) compared to accusatorial statements (adding “because most citizens in countries like the United States consume too much energy”). Experiment 3 shows that participants are less willing to share more accusatorial statements—even though they are thought to exert a greater effect on their audience. Our results further show that the fear of appearing judgmental and unfriendly might make people less likely to share bleaker or more accusatorial—even if more accurate or potentially effective—statements about climate change.},
  author = {Liu, Syalie and Altay, Sacha and Mercier, Hugo},
  doi = {10.1007/s10584-022-03429-5},
  issn = {15731480},
  journal = {Climatic Change},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-14},
  title = {Being green or being nice? People are more likely to share nicer but potentially less impactful green messages},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03429-5},
  volume = 174,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{demoor1985valeurs,
  address = {Louvain-la-Neuve},
  author = {de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Ethique, science et foi chrétienne},
  editor = {van der Bruggen, Conrad and Ladrière, Jean and Morren, Lucien},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {85-107},
  publisher = {Presses de Louvain-la-Neuve},
  title = {Valeurs du temps présent: une étude de l'Europe occidentale},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{crpic2000stavovi,
  abstract = {The authors present those results from the European Value Study which refer to the attitudes of Croatian citizens towards having children. They say that in the age groups under 58 the number of those having more children has increased (the sample was from 18 - 65 years of age), while the number of those not having children has seen an even greater increase. The number of people who have children but do not live in a stable relationship is also increasing, resulting in more and more children living in single-parent families. The number of women not living in a stable relationship is more than 200% higher than that of men, so there are more and more single mothers. Religious people with low education living in small towns have more children. »Having children« is ranked 5th by the interviewees, which is relatively high among the 16 values offered as being important for a successful marriage. The last majority think that children need both parents to grow up happily, and that people need to have children in order to have a meaningful life. With regard to the importance of children to a woman's fulfilment, there is an extreme polarisation of opinions in which younger interviewees believe children are not an important factor for a woman's fulfilment. The authors state that there is a large gap between the positive attitude towards having children confirmed by the preceding survey in Croatia, and the reality of the drop in birth-rate and fertility confirmed by this survey. Further research is needed in order to identify and analyse the factors causing the gap, by means of which data necessary t? design a more efficient strategy of demographic revival could be obtained.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Črpić, Gordan and Koračević, Karlo},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {343-357},
  title = {Stavovi hrvatskih građana prema djeci (Attitudes of Croatian Citizens Towards Having Children)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49409},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{elzo1994nacionalismo,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Elzo, Javier},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Diez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {529-550},
  publisher = {Libros de Fundesco},
  title = {Nacionalismo, nacionalidad y religión en Euskal Herria},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{verweij1997secularization,
  abstract = {Previous research indicates the importance of the religious market theory in explaining cross-national differences in secularization. In this article, religious market variables are compared with indices of modernization and culture in explaining differences in religious mentality and religious activity. Data from the 1990 European Values Survey for 16 countries are used. In general, culture and modernization are more important than the religious market structure. Although church membership is explained by the religions market structure, the effects are opposed to the expectations. Of the modernization and cultural indices, development of welfare state and masculinity/femininity appear to be the most relevant characteristics. Of the market variables, level of state regulation is more important than religious pluralism.},
  author = {Verweij, J. and Ester, P. and Nauta, R.},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {309-324},
  title = {Secularization as an economic and cultural phenomenon: A cross-national analysis},
  volume = 36,
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{tchernia2004riffault,
  abstract = {Développements formels récents. Enquêtes spécifiques. Enseignements dans les sondages. Qualité dans les enquêtes. Méthodes de collectes et nouvelles technologies. Accès aux banques de données. Sondages, politiques et élections. Enquêtes répétées dans le temps. Histoire des sondages.},
  author = {Tchernia, Jean-François},
  booktitle = {Echantillonage et méthodes d'enquêtes},
  editor = {Ardilly, Pascal},
  isbn = {9782100074778},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Dunod},
  title = {Hélène Riffault : une vie et une pensée au service des sondages},
  url = {http://www.dunod.com/sciences-techniques/sciences-fondamentales/mathematiques/master-et-doctorat-capes-agreg/echantillonnage-et-methodes-denq},
  year = 2004
}

@article{scida1993associazionismo,
  author = {Scida, G.},
  journal = {Aggiornamenti Sociali},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {153-168},
  title = {Associazionismo e attività non-profit in Italia e in Europa},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {XLIV},
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{ashford1994changing,
  address = {London},
  author = {Ashford, S. and Halman, L.},
  booktitle = {Social Change and Political Transformation},
  editor = {Rootes, C. and Davis, H.},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {72-85},
  publisher = {UCL Press},
  title = {Changing attitudes in the European Community},
  year = 1994
}

@article{cohen2012cultural,
  abstract = {Since 2002, Belgium has had a national law legalising euthanasia. The law prescribes several substantive due care requirements and two procedural due care requirements, i.e. consultation with an independent physician and reporting of euthanasia to a Federal Control Committee. A large discrepancy in reporting rates between the Dutch-speaking (Flanders) and the French-speaking (Wallonia) parts of Belgium has led to speculation about cultural differences affecting the practice of euthanasia in both regions. Using Belgian data from the European Values Study conducted in 2008 among a representative sample of the general public and data from a large-scale mail questionnaire survey on euthanasia of 480 physicians from Flanders and 305 from Wallonia (conducted in 2009), this study presents empirical evidence of differences between both regions in attitudes towards and practice of euthanasia. Acceptance of euthanasia by the general population was found to be slightly higher in Flanders than in Wallonia. Compared with their Flemish counterparts, Walloon physicians held more negative attitudes towards performing euthanasia and towards the reporting obligation, less often labelled hypothetical cases correctly as euthanasia, and less often defined a case of euthanasia having to be reported. A higher proportion of Flemish physicians had received a euthanasia request since the introduction of the law. In cases of a euthanasia request, Walloon physicians consulted less often with an independent physician. Requests were more often granted in Flanders than in Wallonia (51% vs 38%), and performed euthanasia cases were more often reported (73% vs 58%). The study points out some significant differences between Flanders and Wallonia in practice, knowledge and attitudes regarding euthanasia and its legal requirements which are likely to explain the discrepancy between Wallonia and Flanders in the number of euthanasia cases reported. Cultural factors seem to play an important role in the practice of (legal) euthanasia and the extent to which legal safeguards are followed.},
  author = {Cohen, Joachim and Wesemael van, Yanna and Smets, Tinne and Bilsen, Johan and Deliens, Luc},
  journal = {Social Science & Medicine},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {845-853},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Cultural differences affecting euthanasia practice in Belgium: One law but different attitudes and practices in Flanders and Wallonia},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953612003772#},
  volume = 75,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{arts2006ontwikkelingen,
  address = {s' Gravenhage},
  author = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek and van der Meer, T.},
  booktitle = {Bouwen aan vertrouwen in het openbaar bestuur: Diagnoses en Remedies},
  editor = {Korsten, A. and de Goede, P.},
  isbn = {9035240243},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {61-78},
  publisher = {Elsevier Overheid},
  title = {Ontwikkelingen in politiek vertrouwen in Europa, 1981-2004},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2006
}

@article{brechon2013lapport,
  abstract = {Voici maintenant plus de 30 ans qu'ont été lancées les enquêtes sur les valeurs des Européens (European Values Studies ; EVS), d'abord menées dans 14 pays d'Europe (en 1981), puis progressivement étendues à tout le continent dans une large acception (47 pays en 2008). Grâce à des questionnaires précis touchant à tous les domaines de la vie privée et sociale, reconduits pour beaucoup à l'identique au fil des quatre vagues d'enquête déjà menées, et régulièrement complétés pour coller aux évolutions sociales qu'il était difficile d'anticiper il y a 30 ans, on dispose d'un très riche matériau permettant de prendre la mesure du changement social dans les différents pays européens, et de comparer les tendances à l'œuvre selon les grandes aires culturelles du continent en matière de valeurs et de comportements. Futuribles s'est fait l'écho des riches analyses que l'on pouvait en tirer dès la deuxième vague d'enquête (numéro spécial de juillet-août 1995) et a prolongé l'aventure après la troisième vague (numéro de juillet-août 2002). La quatrième vague lancée en 2008 donne l'occasion d'ouvrir à nouveau les colonnes de notre revue aux chercheurs qui se sont plongés dans l'analyse des derniers résultats et leur comparaison sur longue période, brillamment coordonnés par Pierre Bréchon qui montre, dans cet article préambule, l'apport considérable des enquêtes Valeurs à la compréhension des évolutions des sociétés européennes.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 395,
  pages = {5-10},
  title = {L'apport des enquêtes Valeurs. Une riche tradition de recherche pour comprendre le changement social},
  url = {https://www.futuribles.com/fr/base/revue/395/lapport-des-enquetes-valeurs-une-riche-tradition-d/},
  year = 2013
}

@article{giuliani2025supporting,
  abstract = {Young adults’ life choices and patterns of their permanence in the parental house are extraordinarily heterogeneous across European countries. What is the role of the welfare state in accounting for such diversity and how has it changed over time? This article addresses these questions by relying on regression models covering 31 European countries over the period 2005–2022. Deploying age-sensitive welfare effort measures, the study provides fresh empirical evidence about the ‘welfare matters’ hypothesis, confirming that even when controlling for a large set of economic, social, political and cultural variables, youth welfare effort remains a highly significant factor. Furthermore, our findings show that its role increased in the wake of crisis periods such as the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic, producing additional divergence among countries. From a life-course perspective, these results suggest that targeted social spending may be an effective investment for promoting young people’s paths towards autonomy.},
  author = {Giuliani, Marco and Madama, Ilaria},
  doi = {10.1177/11033088251325612},
  issn = {11033088},
  journal = {YOUNG},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  m-study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  pages = {1-22},
  title = {Supporting Young Adults’ Life Choices: A Longitudinal Perspective on the Role of Welfare Effort Across Crises},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/11033088251325612},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{demoor1989jongeren,
  address = {Leuven/Amersfoort},
  author = {de Moor, Ruud and Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {Kerkelijk leven in Vlaanderen anno 2000, Opstellen voor Prof.Dr. Jan Kerkhofs bij zijn emeritaat},
  editor = {Bulckens, Jef and Cooreman, Paul},
  isbn = {903342164x, 9789033421648},
  keywords = {1989 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {39-48},
  publisher = {ACCO},
  title = {Jongeren, Kerk en Religie (x- Youth, Church and Religion)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1989
}

@incollection{melich1994insatisfaccin,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Melich, Anna},
  booktitle = {Tendencas mundiales de cambo en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {315-332},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Insatisfacción nacional y desconfianza europea: el caso de Suiza (National Dissatisfaction and Distrust in Europe. The Case of Switzerland)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{halman2008happened,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Luijkx, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {175-198},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {What Happened to Dutch Values? Investigating General and Differential Trends in Values in the Netherlands},
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{halman1993westerse,
  address = {Den Haag},
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {Cultuur en Ontwikkeling},
  editor = {Veldhuis, Marijke},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {7-18},
  publisher = {Rawoo},
  title = {Westerse Waarden: Wat Weten Wij van onze Cultuur? (x- Western Values. What Do We Know About our Culture?)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1993
}

@phdthesis{lima2013essays,
  abstract = {In this thesis it was intended to deepen the literature of the Economics of Hap-piness, in three different directions. As a conductive line, it was attempted to bet-ter explore the multidisciplinary character of the happiness concept, while remaininggrounded on economic methodologies. The first chapter presents the insertion of theEconomics of Happiness in the broad history of economic thought, emphasizing theoriginal contaminations and the reasons of the early detachment between economicsand psychology, while highlighting the happiness' multidisciplinary essence, and itsmethodological specificities. In the sequence, some findings and theories from differ-ent disciplines were then introduced in the following chapters, either as part of theirstarting hypothesis or to help interpret their findings.Chapter 2 investigates the causes of a possible happiness differential betweenmen and women, worldwide. Based on the fact that women have passed through his-torically landmark changes, shaping new original gender roles, it was intended to ap-proach this question with an encompassing view, also borrowing concepts from theCapabilities Approach of Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen. The empirical strat-egy was performed using data from the World Values Survey (WVS), European Val-ues Studies (EVS), CIRI Human Rights and the World Development Indicators (WDI),which combined together contemplate 20 years spanning from 1981 to 2009 and across85 countries. The first finding is that there exist a happiness gender gap, and it favourswomen. The main message from this study, in a nutshell, is that important femalerights and achievements are not automatically guarantees of happiness, but only whenaccompanied by conducive internal and external conditions, such as female's feelingof control over own life and pro-women social beliefs guiding the social norm. Thesecomplementary conditions are really important to be considered for public policies,since if they do not materialize, true and meaningfully perceived gender equality willnot be attained, regardless the proclaimed formal rights and achievements.Chapter 3 in its turn revisits the fields "established" finding regarding the impactof unemployment compared to that of inflation in terms of subjective well-being. Theuniversal character of this question is analysed for the case of developing countries.The main hypothesis conducting this study is that the impact of inflation is strongerthan that of unemployment, differently from what has been found in the previous liter-ature, focused on developed nations. The reasoning for this idea comes from the factthat developed and developing countries experience very different socio-economic anddevelopment paths that can influence the perception of these two relevant macroeco-nomic conditions and the corresponding coping strategies (also with respect to experi-ences and social remedies for inflationary and jobless periods). Using the WVS, EVS,WDI, Schneider's (2005) and Dreher's (2006) data, across 55 developing countriesand 15 years (from 1990 to 2008), it is performed an empirical two-step methodol-ogy, which takes into account either individual characteristics (including individualpersonality traits - affirmed findings in Psychology) and country level characteristics(including two macroeconomic indicators intrinsic of developing countries, i.e. thepresence and size of the informal market as well as the existence of foreign debt withthe IMF). Three are the main results of practical importance for public policies. Themost stable result is the strongly and significant negative effect of inflation and the nonsignificant negative effect of aggregate unemployment on well-being. This invertedtrade-off was strengthened and confirmed by robustness tests. An adaptation effect ofinflation in high-inflationary periods emerges from a non-linearity investigation of in-flation (which can be said to exemplify the framing and set point effects postulatedby the Prospect Theory). This work also provides evidence, for the first time on thehappiness literature, of an austerity negative effect of the IMF intervention.All in all, this thesis contributes to the economics of happiness research agendacalling the attention to the country-divergent nature of the happiness' appreciation,especially for what regards the developing and developed worlds, as well as to theimportance of taking into account the multidisciplinary essence of happiness. Bothelements can evidence collective and individual subjective dynamics usually hiddenbut present in the economic and social process.},
  address = {University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy},
  author = {Lima, S Vieira},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  pages = 206,
  series = 23,
  title = {Essays on Economics and Happiness},
  url = {https://boa.unimib.it/handle/10281/51986},
  year = 2013
}

@article{walter1999private,
  abstract = {Survey data indicate a substantial minority of westerners who have no attachment to Eastern or New Age religion but who nevertheless believe in reincarnation. This paper summarizes the findings of a small intensive interview study of a group of English people who take seriously the possibility of reincarnation: 1) Many of them hold reincarnation alongside Christian belief; 2) Most are less than dogmatic about their belief; 3) Some entertain the possibility of reincarnation because of experience (first or second hand), for others reincarnation solves intellectual problems, e.g., concerning theodicy; 4) They see bodily incarnations in the context of long-term spiritual progress, and they value spirit over body; 5) Their belief in reincarnation has rather little effect on the rest of their lives. It is concluded that rising belief in reincarnation heralds neither a spiritual nora moral revolution, but fits easily into the privatized religion that characterizes contemporary western societies, and England in particular.},
  author = {Walter, T. and Waterhouse, H.},
  journal = {Sociology of Religion},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {187-197},
  title = {A very private belief: Reincarnation in contemporary England},
  volume = 60,
  year = 1999
}

@book{kaiero1994valores,
  address = {Bilbao},
  author = {Kaiero, Andoni},
  isbn = {8474853389, 9788474853384},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 312,
  publisher = {Universidad de Deusto},
  title = {Valores y estilos de vida de nuestras siociedades en transformacion},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1994
}

@article{lemel2003sentiment,
  author = {Lemel, Yannick},
  journal = {Les valeurs dans la société française, Millénaire 3 Grand Lyon & Economie et Humanisme},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {47-53},
  title = {Le sentiment d'appartenance: le monde entier ou ma cité?},
  url = {http://www.millenaire3.com/contenus/ouvrages/cahvaleur/p47_60.pdf},
  year = 2003
}

@article{woo2025public,
  abstract = {Support for gay rights has increased in the publics of many countries over recent decades, but the scholarship on the topic has been hindered by the limited available data on these trends in public opinion. The goal of the Support for Gay Rights (SGR) dataset is to overcome this problem. Method The SGR dataset is constructed by combining a comprehensive collection of survey data with a latent-variable model to provide annual time-series estimates of public support for gay rights across 118 countries and over as many as 51 years that are comparable across space and time. Results We show these data perform well in validation tests and demonstrate their potential by replicating the influential but recently questioned finding of Andersen and Fetner that more income inequality yields less tolerant and supportive attitudes toward gay people. Conclusion We anticipate that the SGR data will become a crucial source for cross-national, cross-regional, and longitudinal research that improves our understanding of the sources and consequences of public support for gay rights.},
  author = {Woo, Byung-Deuk and Ko, Hyein and Tai, Yuehong Cassandra and Hu, Yue and Solt, Frederick},
  doi = {10.1111/ssqu.13478},
  issn = {00384941},
  journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-11},
  title = {Public Support for Gay Rights Across Countries and Over Time},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13478},
  volume = 106,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{elzo1997problem,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Elzo, Javier},
  booktitle = {Violence: From Biology to Society},
  editor = {Grisolía, J S. and Sanmartín, José and Luján, J Luis and Grisolía, Santiago},
  isbn = {044482572X, 9780444825728},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {203-210},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science B.V.},
  title = {The Problem of Violence in the Basque Country},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{halman1999differential,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society. The European's religion at the end of the 20th century},
  editor = {Halman, L. and Riis, O.},
  isbn = {9036197406},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 5,
  pages = {41-66},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European values studies},
  title = {Differential patterns of Secularization in Europe: Exploring the Impact of Religion on Social Values},
  year = 1999
}

@phdthesis{sylla2014essays,
  abstract = {Abstract: Chapter 1: The Impact of Culture on the Second-Generation Immigrants' Level of Trust in CanadaTrust is one of the main elements of social capital; it determines the extent to which an individual cooperates with others. In this chapter, I assess whether cultural factors influence the level of trust in the population of second-generation immigrants in Canada. This paper is related to two strands of empirical literature. Thefirst analyses the determinants of trust and the second studies thecultural transmission of values, attitudes and beliefs. I follow closely the literature on the cultural transmission and use an epidemiological approach to assess whether trust of second-generation immigrants is affected by their cultural heritage. This approachconsists of comparing information about the outcomes of second-generation immigrants with that of the country of origin of their ancestry. We apply this approach using the Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS), the World Value Survey (WVS) and the European Value Survey (EVS). Estimation results show that the average level of trust in the countries of origin of the ancestors of the second-generation immigrants has a strong significant impact on their level of trust. thus, individual whose country of ancestry displays a high level of trust, tend to have a high level of trust. This provides evidence that individuals' level of trust is not only explained by their personal experiences, characteristics, and the environment in which they live; but also by the culture in their country of ancestry. This means that culture does matter! I find that the results remain robust even if certain key countries are omitted or a different data set is used.},
  address = {University of Ottowa},
  author = {Sylla, Daouda},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  pages = 132,
  title = {Essays on Culture, Economic Outcome and Wellbeing},
  url = {http://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/31202},
  year = 2014
}

@book{demoor1995values,
  abstract = {The European Values Study is a large-scale, cross-national, and longitudinal survey research program on basic human values, initiated by the European Value Systems Study Group (EVSSG) in the late 1970s, at that time an informal grouping of academics. Now, it is carried on in the setting of a foundation, using the (abbreviated) name of the group European Values Study (EVS). The EVSSG aimed at designing and conducting a major empirical study of the moral and social values underlying European social and political institutions and governing conduct. A rich academic literature has now been created around the original survey, and numerous other works have made use of the findings.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 322,
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Values in Western Societies},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1995
}

@article{stulhofer2009determinants,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes macro-determinants of negative attitudes toward homosexuality in 31 European societies. Using the European Values Study (EVS) 1999/2000, carried out on national probability samples, we tested the effects of tradition, modernization, and postmodernization on homonegativity. According to the findings, social distance toward homosexual persons was predicted by Eastern Orthodox religion, a greater degree of urbanization, economic development, and immigration. Disapproval of homosexuality was found associated with economic development and urbanization, while immigration had borderline significance. Although the analyses pointed to the central role of the modernization processes in increasing social acceptance of homosexuality in European societies, persisting religious traditions and more recent immigration waves limit the effect of modernization.},
  author = {Stulhofer, Aleksander and Rimac, Ivan},
  journal = {Journal of Sex Research},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  title = {Determinants of homonegativity in Europe},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2009
}

@article{soboleva2021covid19,
  abstract = {В работе изучается связь между изменением статуса на рынке труда и субъективным благополучием россиян во время первой волны пандемии COVID-19. Эмпирическую основу исследования составили материалы первого этапа международного проекта «Ценности в кризисе». Как показывают результаты регрессионного анализа, индивиды, потерявшие работу или бизнес в начальный период пандемии, несколько меньше удовлетворены жизнью, чем те, с кем этого не произошло. Переход на неполный рабочий день и работа из дома напрямую не связаны с субъективным благополучием. При этом сила связи между ним и различными вариантами изменения трудового статуса зависит от таких факторов, как наличие детей, а также ценности самоутверждения (по Шварцу) и добросовестность (одна из «большой пятерки» личностных черт). Потеря работы или бизнеса ассоциируется с понижением субъективного благополучия у респондентов без детей; среди респондентов с детьми эта связь не наблюдается. Кроме того, негативная зависимость между удовлетворенностью жизнью и потерей работы/бизнеса сильнее среди лиц с выраженными ценностями самоутверждения и слабее среди лиц с высоким уровнем добросовестности. У респондентов, которым пришлось перейти на неполный рабочий день или удаленную работу, наличие детей снижает уровень субъективного благополучия; у тех, кто подобного опыта не имел, оно положительно связано с ним.},
  author = {Soboleva, N.E. and Sokolov, B.O.},
  doi = {10.32609/0042-8736-2021-12-139-153},
  journal = {Voprosy Ekonomiki},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_meth article other},
  language = {other},
  m-data-doi = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  m-gesis-study_no = {10.4232/1.13560},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  pages = {139-153},
  title = {Изменение статуса на рынке труда в период пандемии COVID-19 и субъективное благополучие россиян (Changes in the labor market status during the COVID-19 pandemic and subjective well-being of Russians)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-12-139-153},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@book{mehregan2014religion,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Mehregan, Abbas},
  isbn = {978-90-04-26909-5},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Religion and Society No. 23},
  title = {Religion, Religiosity, and Democratic Values: A Comparative Perspective of Islamic and Non-Islamic Societies},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/religion-religiosity-and-democratic-values},
  year = 2014
}

@inproceedings{elzo1993valores,
  author = {Elzo, Javier},
  booktitle = {Actas del XII Congresso de Estudios Vascos, Victoria Gasteiz},
  editor = {Ikaskuntza, Eusko},
  isbn = {8487471773},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {39-53},
  publisher = {Donostia},
  title = {Valores y actitudes en la sociedad vasca: Hacia qué tipos de socialización nos dirigimos?},
  type = {Conference Proceedings},
  year = 1993
}

@article{baloban2012vrednote,
  abstract = {The author discusses the value system in Croatia while grounding his discussion in the scientific-research project European Values Study (EVS - 2008), the Atlas of European Values, and the other recent literature, and comparing the Croatian data with that of the old European Union (EU) members, the new EU members, the country candidates for accession to EU as well as the other European countries encompassed in the EVS research. The author claims that the Croatian society and the Church lack the all-encompassing, objective, constructive, and future-oriented critical awareness as well as the needed unity that would cut across the various political parties and groups within the society. Taking note of its location within Europe, which is at the same time both secular and religious, Croatia shows a trend of differential distance from the Church in various dimensions of ecclesiality. Marriage and the family remains a fundamental value for Europeans and even more so for Croats, while the culture of work and the relationship toward leisure time continue to be tested in Croatia. Furthermore, the value of friendship and acquaintances and the transfer from friendship to acquaintance has proven to be very fluid along with the other remnants of thinking inherited from the former communist political system. While trust in political institutions is quite low amongst the contemporary Europeans, this does not necessarily mean that they are politically apathetic since they continue to decide for themselves how politically engaged they will be for personal or social reasons. On the other hand, Croats have an exceptionally low level of trust in their political institutions and are politically apathetic. A comparison of relations of Europeans and Croats toward the value of new life shows that Croatia is closer to the new EU member countries, the country candidates, and the other European countries rather than the old EU countries. The author is particularly concerned by and provoked to reflect on the phenomenon of rapid deterioration of trust in the army, police and the Church in Croatia, for which he offers a plausible explanation and a critical reflection. When it comes to the value of solidarity and social (in)sensitivity (as well as some other values), Croats also lag behind the other citizens of the Old Continent.In order to promote, advocate, and live the fundamental human values and the specific Christian values, the Christ's Church in Croatia (and, to some extent, in Europe) needs to take advantage of various models of pastoral engagement that are in correlation with the contemporary person and his/her concrete social and existential context. In relation to that, the author presents four basic pastoral models: 1. the model of universal ecclesial strategy; 2. the model of pastoral focus on individual values; 3. the model of gradual and remote ecclesiality; and 4. the model of spiritual movements.The author concludes the article by strongly emphasising the transparent and recognisable character of ecclesiality and faith that need to become evident to others through individual believers who will give the reason of their hope not only through speech but also (and especially) through life witness.},
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {955-989},
  title = {Vrednote u Hrvatskoj u europskoj perspektivi. Pastoralno-teološki vid (Values in Croatia From the European Perspective. A Pastoral-theological View)},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/141629},
  volume = 82,
  year = 2012
}

@article{berggren2023immigrants,
  abstract = {We highlight a new factor behind integration: tolerance in the immigrants’ background culture. We hypothesize that it is easier to partake of economic, civic-political and social life in a new country for a person stemming from a culture that embodies tolerance towards people who are different. We test this by applying the epidemiological method, using a tolerance index based on two indicators from the World Values Survey – the share that thinks it important to teach children tolerance and the share that considers homosexuality justified – as our main independent variable. Our outcomes are indices of individual-level economic, civic-political and cultural integration outcomes for immigrants of the second generation with data from the European Social Survey. The results indicate that tolerance in the background culture is a robust predictor of integration among children of immigrants in European societies.},
  author = {Berggren, Niclas and Ljunge, Martin and Nilsson, Therese},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.005},
  issn = {01475967},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-study = {EVS},
  pages = {1-14},
  title = {Immigrants from more tolerant cultures integrate deeper into destination countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.005},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{gundelach1996danskernes,
  address = {Aalborg},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Interkulturel kompetence},
  editor = {Gullestrup, Hans and Lorentsen, Annette},
  isbn = {8773075213},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {9-24},
  publisher = {Aalborg Universitetsforlag},
  title = {Danskernes Saerpraeg (The Danish Character)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@incollection{inglehart2003modernization,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {The Values of Volunteering: Cross-cultural Perspectives},
  editor = {Dekker, Paul and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {0306477378, 036478544},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {55-70},
  publisher = {Kluwer academic/Plenum publishers},
  title = {Modernization and Volunteering},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2003
}

@article{galland2003valeurs,
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  journal = {Les valeurs dans la société française, Millénaire 3 Grand Lyon et Economie et Humanisme},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {23-31},
  title = {Les valeurs des jeunes: la jeunesse, problème pour la société?},
  year = 2003
}

@article{pudak2023generacija,
  abstract = {This paper presents the results of empirical research that examined the forms of  support and participation of Croatian high school students in the “School Strike  for Climate Croatia” climate strikes, as well as some individual and contextual  determinants of their attitudes and participation. The research was conducted  using the online survey method in 2020 and 2021 on a convenient sample of final  years of Croatian high school students (N=534). The results show that about  8% of the students were in some way actively connected with the strikes. Using  the analysis of the main components, three types of student attitudes towards  the protest and the protesters were determined: “protesters fighting for environmental  protection”, “protesters as universal activists” and “supportive protesters”.  In addition, multivariate analysis tested the effect of socio-demographic  characteristics together with the constructs of perception of collective efficacy,  environmental concern, ecological worldview, and attitudes about Greta Thunberg  as the initiator of the global Fridays for Future movement on established  attitudinal structures. The determinants involved were shown to be statistically  significant predictors, although not in the same way for each of the three attitudinal  dimensions. },
  author = {Puđak, Jelena and Klasnić, Ksenija and Poljak, Tijana Trako},
  doi = {10.20901/pm.60.1.04},
  issn = {00323241},
  journal = {Politicka Misao: Croatian Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article other},
  language = {other},
  m-study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  number = 1,
  pages = {83-114},
  title = {Nova generacija klimatskih aktivista? Tipologija i neke determinante sudjelovanja u Fridays for Future prosvjedima hrvatskih srednjoškolaca (A New Generation of Climate Activists? Typology And Some Determinants of Participation in “Fridays for Future” Climate Strikes Among Croatian High School Students)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20901/pm.60.1.04},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2023
}

@article{prinds2023prayer,
  abstract = {Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the derived changes in maternity care have created stress and anxiety among pregnant women in different parts of the world. In times of stress and crisis, spirituality, including spiritual and religious practices, may increase. Objective: To describe if the COVID-19 pandemic influenced pregnant women's considerations and practises of existential meaning-making and to investigate such considerations and practices during the early pandemic in a large nationwide sample. Methods: We used survey data from a nationwide cross-sectional study sent to all registered pregnant women in Denmark during April and May 2020. We used questions from four core items on prayer and meditation practices. Results: A total of 30,995 women were invited, of whom 16,380 participated (53%). Among respondents, we found that 44% considered themselves believers, 29% confirmed a specific form of prayer, and 18% confirmed a specific form of meditation. In addition, most respondents (88%) reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had not influenced their responses. Conclusion: In a nationwide Danish cohort of pregnant women, existential meaning-making considerations and practices were not changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly one in two study participants described themselves as believers, and many practised prayer and/or meditation.},
  author = {Prinds, Christina and Hvidt, Niels Christian and Schrøder, Katja and Stokholm, Lonny and Rubin, Katrine Hass and Nohr, Ellen A and Petersen, Lone K and Jørgensen, Jan Stener and Bliddal, Mette},
  doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2023.103716},
  journal = {Midwifery},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  m-study-id = {EVS2008},
  pages = {1-9},
  title = {Prayer and meditation practices in the early COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide survey among Danish pregnant women. The COVIDPregDK study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2023.103716},
  volume = 123,
  year = 2023
}

@article{lazeri2023understanding,
  abstract = {In many cities in Western Europe inhabitants without a migration background have become a local minority group among many others in so-called majority-minority neighbourhoods. These inhabitants remain the numerical and cultural majority in their respective countries as a whole. Being a (local) numerical minority does not automatically mean experiencing one?s position as that of a minority, a position related not only to the numerical representation of a group, but also to the group?s experience of (lower) status within society. Using a Social Identity Theory framework, I investigate the characteristics of people without a migration background that feel like a local minority while they remain a national majority. The results show only a minority of respondents who live in majority-minority neighbourhoods actually feel like a minority. Those who do tend to perceive a larger outgroup size in their surroundings, feel socially marginalised, and have a more exclusive understanding of national identity. Thus, people without a migration background who feel like a minority see the ingroup as a truer reflection of the national community and at the same time see the ingroup?s position as disadvantaged.},
  author = {Lazëri, Marina},
  doi = {10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182550},
  issn = {1369183X},
  journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1977-1995},
  title = {Understanding minority feeling among people without a migration background: evidence from five majority-minority European cities},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182550},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{inglehart1997public,
  address = {Belo Horizonte},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Public Opinion and the Environment},
  editor = {Simoes, Solange},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = 16,
  publisher = {University of Minas Gerais Press},
  title = {Public Support for Environmental Protection: Objective Problems and Subjective Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/420583},
  year = 1997
}

@article{kalmijn2007regional,
  abstract = {In this paper, we develop a novel way of testing the stigmatization hypothesis. The stigmatization hypothesis argues that people who break traditional norms, experience sanctions from the people that surround them. We apply this hypothesis to the case of divorce and examine whether higher normative intolerance toward divorce in the region of residence lead to declines in social contacts after divorce. To test the hypothesis, we match data from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to data from the European Values Study (EVS). The ECHP data are used to model individual changes in social contacts after divorce. The EVS data are used to develop measures of individual attitudes against divorce in 65 European regions. Multilevel analyses are used to link the two, where individuals are nested in regions. The results provide partial confirmation for the stigmatization hypothesis. We first find that attitudes about divorce not only differ significantly between countries, they also differ significantly between regions within countries. Second, in regions where there is more disapproval of divorce, women experience greater declines in contacts with friends and relatives after divorce, men and women experience greater declines in neighborhood contacts, and men are more likely to end their club memberships. Third, we find that the stigmatization effect is primarily present for divorcees who did not move after divorce. Our analyses provide more direct evidence for the operation of social norms than previous studies on family behavior have done.},
  author = {Kalmijn, M. and Uunk, W.J.G.},
  issn = {0049089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {447-468},
  title = {Regional Value Differences in Europe and the Social Consequences of Divorce: A Test of the Stigmatization Hypothesis},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{vandenbroek1996cohort,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {van den Broek, Andries},
  booktitle = {Political Value Change in Western Democracies: Integration, Values, Identification and Particpation},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {237-260},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Cohort Replacement and Generation Formation in Western Politics},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@incollection{tomka2001nabozenska,
  address = {Kostelni Vydri},
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  booktitle = {Nova Religiozita fascinuje a zneklidnuje},
  editor = {Renockl, Helmut and Blanckenstein, Miklos},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {22-32},
  publisher = {Karmelitanske Nakladatelstvi},
  title = {Nabozenska situace v zemic1h vychodmi a stredni Evropy},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{kaasa2013honesty,
  abstract = {Purpose  The purpose of this chapter is to assess empirically the levels of trust across the world and to explore possible differences in the levels of trust among different groups of respondents.Design/methodology/approach  We analyze the individual-level data from 81 countries around the world using latest available European Values Study (EVS) and World Values Survey (WVS) datasets (most data refer to the year 2008). Methodologically, we compose three trust indicators using confirmatory factor analysis and then compare the level of trust in different groups. After that we calculate country-level means of trust indicators and use these as inputs in cluster analysis.Findings  The results of our empirical analysis show that the level of trust among supervisors do not differ significantly from the overall level of trust in a society, supporting the hypothesis that honesty and trust tend to be contagious. Still, there are statistically significant differences in trust levels between almost all explored population groups which were composed on the basis of previous theoretical and empirical literature.Limitations  Our analysis covered only selected socio-economic determinants of trust. It would be reasonable to add some contextual or systemic factors at the level of nation (like GDP per capita, quality of formal institutions, societys polarization, or others) into further analysis.Originality/value  Our analysis distinguishes between three different types of trust which are studied both at individual and national level. Also, differences between age groups and educational groups, men and women, religious and non-religious persons are examined. Finally, we compare the levels of trust of those supervising someone with the average trust levels in the society as a whole.},
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli and Parts, Steve},
  booktitle = {(Dis)Honesty in Management},
  doi = {http://doi.org/10.1108/S1877-6361(2013)0000010007},
  editor = {Vissak, Tiia and Vadi, Maaja},
  isbn = {978-1-78190-601-9 ]},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {37-58},
  publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
  series = {Advanced Series in Management},
  title = {Honesty and Trust: Integrating the Values of Individuals, Organizations, and the Society},
  url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/S1877-6361%282013%290000010007},
  year = 2013
}

@article{schroder2023politicization,
  abstract = {Studies suggest that citizens have higher trust in some groups of scientists than in others. However, we still know little about the causes of these trust gaps. The current study fills this knowledge gap by examining Norwegian citizens' trust in climate scientists, economists, and so-called “less politicized natural scientists.” I argue that trust in climate scientists and economists is lower than trust in less politicized natural scientists because the former fields are politicized, while the latter are not. Politicization strengthens ideological conflicts between citizens' ideology and research produced by climate scientists and economists, which leads to lower trust in these groups of scientists. I test this argument by running regression analyses on data from a representative survey of the Norwegian population. The results support the argument: Citizens have significantly higher trust in less politicized natural scientists than in both climate scientists and economists, and these differences can be explained by ideological biases in trust. Citizens with a proeconomic growth ideology have significantly lower trust in climate scientists than in less politicized natural scientists, and citizens with a left-wing economic ideology have significantly lower trust in economists than in less politicized natural scientists.},
  author = {Schrøder, Thor Bech},
  doi = {10.1111/pops.12866},
  issn = {0162895X},
  journal = {Political Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_meth article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 5,
  pages = {961-981},
  title = {Don't Tell Me What I Don't Want to Hear! Politicization and Ideological Conflict Explain Why Citizens Have Lower Trust in Climate Scientists and Economists Than in Other Natural Scientists},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12866},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2023
}

@book{arts2013value,
  abstract = {People's fundamental values can be conceived of as conceptions of what is desirable. They influence their selection from available modes, means and ends of action. Because of the societal importance of values they deserve scholarly attention. This volume inquires into the values present-day Europeans cherish by empirically analyzing the data of 2008/2010 wave of the European Values Study and explaining the consensus and contrasts in value orientations found. The contributors to this volume try to capture the diversities and similarities in value orientations between contemporary European countries in a range of life-spheres by unravelling context and composition effects. They are in search of evidence that either country level factors such as institutional arrangements or the composition of the populations of countries in terms of gender, age, socio-economic status, religion etcetera have the greatest impact. By doing so they paint the moral landscapes of Europe today.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  number = 15,
  pages = 365,
  publisher = {Brill},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@article{veenhoven2005return,
  abstract = {It is said that inequality is returning to modern nations and that this is manifest in the widening disparities in income in the late 20th century. This trend is attributed to neo-liberalism, globalisation and immigration, and is seen as a turn in the long-term trend towards a more civilised society. In this paper I challenge the idea of rising inequality. I argue that income difference falls short as an indicator of inequality and cannot be meaningfully compared across time. Instead I propose to measure inequality in another way, not by difference in presumed chances for a good life, but by the dispersion of actual outcomes of life, using the standard deviation of life-satisfaction as an indicator. Comparison across time in EU nations over the years 19732001 shows that the dispersion of life-satisfaction became smaller instead of larger. Comparison across 80 nations in the 1990s also shows lower dispersion in the most modern countries. So the trend towards greater equality seems to persist. If there is any truth in the theory that access to scarce resources has become more unequal, the tendency must have been compensated in some way, possibly by greater equality in personal capabilities.},
  author = {Veenhoven, R.},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {457-487},
  title = {Return of Inequality in Modern Society? Test by Dispersion of Life-Satisfaction Across Time and Nations},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2005
}

@article{halman1989religie,
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  journal = {Kosmos en Oekumene},
  keywords = {1989 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {60-67},
  title = {Kerk of Religie in Crisis (x- Church or Religion in Crisis)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 3,
  year = 1989
}

@article{vanhoorn2013protestant,
  abstract = {Evidence on Weber's original thesis on a Protestant work ethic is ambiguous and relies on questionable measures of work attitudes. We test the relation between Protestantism and work attitudes using a novel method, operationalizing work ethic as the effect of unemployment on individuals' subjective well-being. Analyzing a sample of 150,000 individuals from 82 societies, we find strong support for a Protestant work ethic: unemployment hurts Protestants more and hurts more in Protestant societies. Whilst the results shed new light on the Protestant work ethic debate, the method has wider applicability in the analysis of attitudinal differences.},
  author = {van Hoorn, André and Maseland, Robbert},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-12},
  title = {Does a Protestant work ethic exist? Evidence from the well-being effect of unemployment},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268113000838},
  volume = 91,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{hamberg2003christendom,
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Hamberg, E M.},
  booktitle = {The Decline of Christendom in Western Europe, 1750-2000},
  editor = {McCleod, H. and Ustorf, W.},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {47-61},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  title = {Christendom in decline: The Swedish case},
  year = 2003
}

@book{lesthaeghe2002meaning,
  address = {Brussel},
  author = {Lesthaeghe, Ron},
  editor = {Lesthaeghe, Ron},
  isbn = {9070990881, 9789070990886},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 335,
  publisher = {NIDI CBGS Publications},
  title = {Meaning and Choice: Value Orientations and Life Course Decisions},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 2002
}

@book{abela1998secularised,
  abstract = {A sociological study of youth values in a city-island posits the secularisation of sexuality. In Euro-Mediterranean Malta, religious control is being displaced by a secular administration of sexuality. Urban, higher educated, secularised and media-sensitive young people are more inclined to adopt liberal lifestyles than their traditional counterparts. The study uncovers the incidence of sexual abuse, prostitution, marital and sexual problems and an increase in the justification of divorce, homosexuality, extra-marital relations and the use of contraceptives. There is no evidence to support the view that the confrontation between traditional restrictive morality and liberal lifestyles is experienced as a dramatic or shattering transition in sexuality. At a time of uncertainty and increased individualisation, there is a need for support services to those who stand a risk of social exclusion because of their sexual orientation, lifestyles or activity.},
  address = {Valletta},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  isbn = {9990968497, 9789990968491},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 99,
  publisher = {Social Values Studies},
  title = {Secularised Sexuality: Youth Values in a City-island},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://staff.um.edu.mt/aabe2/B1.htm},
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{brown1985marriage,
  address = {London},
  author = {Brown, J. and Comber, M. and Gibson, K. and Howard, S.},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {0333386760, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {109-145},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  title = {Marriage and the Family},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{gora2014defenders,
  abstract = {Recent years have shown a growing academic interest in the role and function of religion in the EU. This resulted from ongoing discussions on the symbolic deficit of the European project and politicised debate on the Christian roots of European identity, as well as from the enlargement of 2004, which brought into the EU new memberstates with different traditions of church-state relations and distinctive forms of religious governance. Our study contributes to this scholarship by focusing on the role of religion in the context of the European Parliament (EP) as exercised by Polish members. The first part provides some background information on the relationshipbetween religion and politics in the Polish domestic context. This is followed by presentation of the research findings from a survey conducted among Polish members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and from a qualitative content analysis of the arguments used by them in plenary sessions. In conclusion, we argue that religion is an important resource in the hands of right-wing politicians for justifying various claims in the EP. Furthermore, we also maintain that the national context and the nationalunderstanding of the functions of religion influence the way it is presented and used at the European level.},
  author = {Góra, Magdalena and Zielińska, Katarzyna},
  doi = {10.1080/09637494.2014.936158},
  journal = {Religion, State and Society},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {211-226},
  title = {Defenders of faith? Victims of secularisation? Polish politicians and religion in the European Parliament},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09637494.2014.936158#.VF-NE8nvbR0},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2014
}

@article{quaranta2014normalisation,
  abstract = {Authors claim that political protest is "normal" in contemporary democracies, which are, therefore, "social movement societies". This article analyses the Italian case, showing that there has been an expansion and a gradual institutionalisation of political protest, but it also tests whether there has been a "normalisation" of the protester. It is argued that in a "social movement society" protesters are more heterogeneous than in the past. Using survey data spanning over 30 years we find that the association between several individual characteristics and participation in political protest weakens or disappears. However, complete normalisation of the protester has yet to be completed.},
  author = {Quaranta, Mario},
  doi = {10.1080/13608746.2013.827863},
  journal = {South European Society and Politics},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {25-50},
  title = {The 'Normalisation' of the Protester: Changes in Political Action in Italy (1981-2009)},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13608746.2013.827863#.VGdk8MlwpOI},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2014
}

@article{beugelsdijk2004entrepreneurial,
  abstract = {In the literature factors like entrepreneurial ability, regional innovativepotential, and entrepreneurial human capital are emphasized inexplaining the economic success of regions. Using the European ValuesStudies (EVS) dataset on norms and values in 54 European regions, we distinguishvalues that characterise self-employed, which enables us to constructa regional aggregate that reflects the average score on entrepreneurial attitude.We show that regions differ in entrepreneurial attitude, and that a highscore on entrepreneurial characteristics is correlated with a high rate of regionaleconomic growth. In this way we empirically establish the link betweenculture and economy at the regional level},
  author = {Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and Noorderhaven, Niels},
  journal = {The Annals of Regional Science},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {199-218},
  title = {Entrepreneurial attitude and economic growth: A cross-section of 54 regions},
  url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/194647262?accountid=14338},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2004
}

@book{zulehner1991untertan,
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Zulehner, P M. and others},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  publisher = {Herder},
  title = {Vom Untertan zum Freiheitskünstler. Eine Kulturdiagnose anhand der Untersuchungen "Religion im Leben der Österreicher 1970-1990" - "Europäische Wertestudie - Österreich"},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1991
}

@inproceedings{noelleneumann1984zweifel,
  annotation = {Des vorbereitenden Symposiums am 19. Mai 1983},
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth},
  booktitle = {Die Stellung der Wissenschaft in der modernen Kultur. Dokumentation des Kongresses des Studienzentrums Weikersheim},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {74-86},
  title = {Der Zweifel am Verstand, Wertewandel am Beispiel der Normen des rationalen Verhaltens},
  type = {Conference Proceedings},
  volume = {22/23},
  year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{barbulescu2013citizens,
  author = {Barbulescu, Roxana and Beaudonnet, Laurie},
  booktitle = {20th International Conference of Europeanists, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 25-27th June},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  title = {Citizens like No Other: Contextual and Individual Explanations of Attitudes towards Roma Population in the EU},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{pickel2013zwischen,
  address = {Opladen},
  author = {Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Ostdeutschland und die Sozialwissenschaften: Bilanz und Perspektiven 20 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung},
  editor = {Lorenz, Astrid},
  isbn = {978-3-86649-424-4},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {169-188},
  publisher = {Verl. Barbara Budrich},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Zwischen beständigen Differenzen und überraschenden Angleichungen :Einstellungen, Religiosität und politische Kultur},
  url = {http://www.budrich-verlag.de/pages/frameset/reload.php?ID=508&_requested_page=%2Fpages%2Fdetails.php},
  year = 2013
}

@article{arts2006identity,
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  issn = {17448689},
  journal = {Journal of Civil Society},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {179-198},
  title = {Identity: The case of the European Union},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2006
}

@misc{stam2010variation,
  abstract = {In this study we investigate whether modernization theory can be used to explain variation in work ethic between 38 European countries. In addition, we explicitly extent the theoretical framework to hypotheses and measures at the individual level, by referring both to past and current characteristics of individuals, following the socialization and scarcity hypotheses of Inglehart (e.g. 1997). The effect of (post) modernization is researched by means of three interrelated processes: increasing economic security (economic resources), cognitive autonomy (intellectual resources) and level of social. First we hypothesize that higher economic security leads to weaker work ethic in countries. Second, we expect that a higher amount of intellectual resources affects work ethic negatively. And thirdly, we hypothesize that the higher the level of social independence is, the weaker work ethic is. These hypotheses are also applied to the individual level, both in terms of past and current resources. We use the first public release of the fourth wave of the European Values Study, which includes information on individuals´ work ethic for 39 European countries. We base our analyses on 38 countries and a total number of 52,440 respondents. We find support for the country-level hypotheses on economic and intellectual resources, implying that the economic and intellectual context has an independent effect on individuals" values. Furthermore, we find support for all hypotheses on the individual level, which means that work ethic is also influenced by past and current characteristics of individuals. Modernization processes on the country and individual level are able to explain a substantial part of the variance at the country level, but only a small part on the individual level.},
  author = {Stam, Kirsten and Verbakel, Ellen},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Variation in Work Ethic Between and Within 38 European Countries: Another Case of Modernization?},
  url = {http://www.netspar.nl/files/Evenementen/2010-11-12%20PD/paper%20kirsten%20stam.pdf},
  year = 2010
}

@incollection{tomka2003keletkzpeurpai,
  address = {Piliscsaba},
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  booktitle = {Nemzeti és regionális identitás, Közép-Európában},
  editor = {Ábrahám, Barna and Gereben, Ferenc and Stekovics, Rita},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {26-47},
  publisher = {Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar},
  title = {A kelet-közép-európai vallási változások szociológiája},
  year = 2003
}

@article{riis1990folkekirke,
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  journal = {Kritisk Forum for Praktisk Teologi},
  keywords = {1990 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {56-75},
  title = {Folkekirke og folkerreligiositet, religionsociologisk belyst},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 39,
  year = 1990
}

@article{aracic2004prema,
  address = {Dakova},
  author = {Aračić, Pero},
  journal = {Diacovensia},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {55-72},
  publisher = {Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu},
  title = {Prema 'planu i programu' u pastoralnom djelovanju. Načela, mogućnosti i teškoće},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{inglehart2000transformation,
  address = {Opladen},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Minkenberg, Michael},
  booktitle = {Religion und Politik: Zwischen Universalismus und Partikularismus},
  editor = {Meyer, Heinz-Dieter and Minkenberg, Michael and Ostner, Ilona},
  isbn = {3810022004},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {125-138},
  publisher = {Leske and Budrich},
  title = {Die Transformation religioeser Werte in entwickelten Industriegesellschaften},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2000
}

@article{bray2006suicide,
  abstract = {To examine the association of variables from survey data on well-being with suicide rates and other markers of population mental health in Europe. DESIGN: Ecological study correlating (Spearman's rank correlation) life satisfaction and happiness (European Values Survey 1999/2000) in 32 countries with suicide rates (WHO Mortality Database), rates of hospital discharge for mental and behavioural disorders and prevalence of mental disorders based on registered mental patients (WHO Regional Office for Europe) and Mental Health Index (MHI)-5 survey data (European Opinion Research Group). RESULTS: An inverse association exists between suicide rates and life satisfaction (r=-0.44; 95% CI: -0.68, -0.11) and happiness (r=-0.42; 95% CI: -0.67, -0.08). Similar though weaker associations were seen with hospital discharge data and MHI-5 data but not with the prevalence of mental disorders. The association between suicide rates and life satisfaction was weaker amongst 15-44 year olds (r=-0.31; 95% CI: -0.59, 0.04) than amongst 45-64 year olds (r=-0.47; 95% CI: -0.70, -0.14). It was strongest in the 65+ age group (r=-0.54; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.23). A similar pattern was observed for the association with happiness. In a subgroup analysis, the association between suicide and life satisfaction in Eastern Europe was similar to that in the whole dataset (r=-0.35) but a positive association was seen in Western Europe (r=0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Life satisfaction and happiness were modestly associated with other indicators of population mental health. Since all such markers have their limitations, surveys of well-being may be useful indicators of population mental health.},
  author = {Bray, I. and Gunnell, D.},
  journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {333-337},
  title = {Suicide rates, life satisfaction and happiness as markers for population mental health},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{schweisguth1995status,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Schweisguth, Etienne},
  booktitle = {The Impact of Values},
  editor = {van Deth, J W. and Scarbrough, Elinor},
  isbn = {0198279574, 0198294751},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {332-354},
  publisher = {Oxford university Press},
  title = {Status Tensions},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{juknevicius2003features,
  abstract = {This article is an attempt to give a sketch of the Lithuanians. First we will offer definitive opinions about the Lithuanian character and values, after that we will analyze the development of values in post-Soviet Lithuania against a backdrop of processes taking place in other European countries. The greatest attention will be paid to religion, moral values and primary relations. Data on the values of Europe in general and of her individual member countries in particular, come from the results of the European Value Studies Group's (EVSG) 1990-1991 and 1999-2000 study. The firm Baltic Studies conducted the Lithuanian research.},
  author = {Juknevicius, Stanislovas},
  journal = {Dialogue and Universalism},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {83-94},
  title = {Features of the Lithuanian Character and Values},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {XIII},
  year = 2003
}

@article{jagodzinski1993amtskirchen,
  author = {Jagodzinski, Wolfgang and Dobbelaere, Karel},
  journal = {Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  pages = {68-91},
  title = {Die Amtskirchen im Prozess der Modernisierung},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 33,
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{togeby2002hvilke,
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Togeby, Lise},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449, 9788741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {260-299},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Hvilke værdier ændrer sig, hvornår og hos hvem?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@article{burjanek2001xenophobia,
  abstract = {This article is based on data found in the European Values Study of 1999, & focuses on the following questions: (1) What is the degree of intensity of xenophobia among the Czech population in comparison with the states of Western & postcommunist Europe? (2) How is the view of the "foreign" ethnic group differentiated? (3) What groupings among countries may be identified if we examine the character of xenophobic attitudes among the population? (4) What factors influence the level of xenophobia of an individual? In concurrence with the observations of other authors, the article confirms the overall high degree of intensity of xenophobia among the population of postcommunist countries in comparison with advanced Western states. The intensity of xenophobia attitudes among the Czech population (measured through an overall index of xenophobia) roughly corresponds to the average attitudes of the entire sample. From the viewpoint of attitudes toward individual "foreign" ethnic groups (people of different race: Muslims; immigrants & migrant workers, Jews, Roma), the respondents expressed the strongest rejection of the Roma, & were the most tolerantly inclined toward the Jewish ethnic group. The data essentially enabled a partial identification of traits for a profile of a xenophobe, as an older individual, with a lower level of education, & in a certain sense a marginalized "victim" of the modernization process (transformation), on the whole insecure, distrustful, & at the same time authoritarian in nature.},
  author = {Burjanek, Ales},
  issn = {12103861},
  journal = {Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {53-68},
  title = {Xenophobia Among the Czech Population in the Context of Post-Communist Countries and Western Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://sreview.soc.cas.cz/upl/archiv/files/166_053BURJA.pdf},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@article{kerkhofs1992jongeren,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Korrel Cahier},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {5-11},
  title = {Jongeren en Waarden in een Postmoderne Cultuur (x- Young People and Values in a Postmodern Culture)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1992
}

@article{tchernia2003valeurs,
  author = {Tchernia, Jean-François},
  journal = {Les valeurs dans la société française, Millénaire 3 Grand Lyon & Economie et Humanisme},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {61-65},
  title = {Les valeurs du travail: vivre pour travailler?},
  url = {http://www.millenaire3.com/contenus/textes/valeurstravail.pdf},
  year = 2003
}

@article{inglehart1984bonheur,
  abstract = {On the basis that a correlation exists between subjective well-being, defined as satisfaction with life and a feeling of happiness, and variables such as sex, education, income, career, and value systems, three observations are made: (1) the level of subjective well-being varies little by stable characteristics, eg, sex; (2) it varies modestly along less stable variables, eg, income or married/unmarried;and (3) the most significant variations are noted in cases of recent change in individual's income level or marital status.},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Rabier, Jacques-Rene},
  issn = {0337307X},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {3-29},
  title = {Du bonheur: Sentiment personnel et norme culturelle (On Happiness. Personal Feeling and Cultural Norm)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 81,
  year = 1984
}

@article{abela2005shaping,
  abstract = {A comparative analysis of the European Values Study and Eurobarometer surveys identifies continuity and change of the Maltese national identity in the European Union. A shift can be observed from an essentially local and strong traditional national identity toward a more regional, Mediterranean and European sense of belonging. The emotional transmission of an inherited national identity, which has so far been driven by people's attachment to the Church and religion, party politics, local and social solidarity, traditionalism and materialism, is gradually giving way to the reshaping of a national identity in a new social context. The latter is influenced by individualized values, the importance of leisure, and a concern with global solidarity. As citizens of the European Union, most Maltese hold a national-European identity over and above an exclusively national identity. Relative to their average European counterparts, however, fewer Maltese have an exclusively national identity, a European-national identity, or an entirely European identity. They are more likely to combine a national with a European identity. It remains to be seen whether the current national-European outlook of the European-oriented Maltese is taken over by the whole population in the reshaping of a Maltese collective identity for the near future.},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {10-27},
  title = {Shaping a National Identity},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{davie2001patterns,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Davie, G.},
  booktitle = {The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Religion},
  editor = {Fenn, R K.},
  isbn = {978-0631212416},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {264-278},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishing},
  title = {Patterns of Religion in Western Europe: An exceptional case},
  year = 2001
}

@article{mares2001czechs,
  abstract = {The Czech population attaches great importance to work in their lives, both as a source of income & as a sphere in which to realize their human potential. A factor analysis of work aspects identified three general factors in the aspects of work: an "instrumental & trade-off" factor (good pay & good job security; generous holidays, good working hours & not too much pressure; pleasant people to work with & good working conditions); a "social factor" (an interesting, useful job, responsible job, & respected job & meeting interesting people); & a "self-fulfillment" factor (chances for promotion, possibility of achievement, opportunity to use initiative, opportunity to use one's abilities). The importance attached to individual work aspects differs among members of individual social classes, as well as between men & women within these classes.},
  author = {Mareš, Petr},
  issn = {12103861},
  journal = {Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {69-84},
  title = {The Czechs: Jobs and Work},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{voas2009secularization,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Voas, David and Doebler, Stefanie},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {231-249},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Secularization in Europe},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2009
}

@article{beugelsdijk2005social,
  abstract = {We study a cross section of 54 European regions. The central question is whether regional differences in economic growth are related to social capital, in the form of generalized trust and associational activity. Substantiated by extensive robustness tests, we present evidence that growth differentials in European regions are positively related to social capital measured as associational activity. Hence, our results suggest that the thesis of Putnam et al. (1993) thesis on social capital in Italian regions can be generalized. Our analysis also suggests that it is not the mere existence of network relationships that stimulates regional economic growth, but active involvement in these relationships.},
  author = {Beugelsdijk, S. and Schaik, T van},
  journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {301-324},
  title = {Social capital and growth in European regions: an empirical test},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2005
}

@article{vaus1991gender,
  abstract = {There is considerable disagreement about the extent, direction, and causes of gender differences in work values and job satisfaction. In part, these inconsistencies reflect the different samples, measures, and methodologies of various studies. To overcome these problems, this article uses closely compatible data from nine Western European countries to examine the extent of gender differences on three aspects of work orientation and to test three explanations for the differences that emerge. The results show that gender differences are small and vary according to the country and the aspect of work orientation under examination. Of the three models tested--the job, family, and social characteristics models--only the former helps to explain gender differences and then only in terms of job satisfaction. The data therefore cast doubt on the existence of gender differences in work values and job satisfaction. The results also question current explanations for the supposed differences between men's and women's work orientation.},
  author = {Vaus, D de and McAllister, I.A.N.},
  journal = {Work and Occupations},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {72-93},
  title = {Gender and Work Orientation: Values and Satisfaction in Western Europe},
  volume = 18,
  year = 1991
}

@article{kuntz2011reentering,
  abstract = {In the past two decades, Croatian political institutions have been through a whirlwind of change, from wartime politics, to international isolation, to gradual democratization and, most recently, to pending European Union membership. This paper examines the trends in the development of political culture over this twenty-year period, drawing an important distinction between democratic institution building and liberalization. At the core of the paper are the following questions: to what extent can changing political culture explain institutional change (and vice versa)? Is political culture determined by, and perhaps held prisoner to, history or is it easily mutable? Drawing from the Croatian experience, in which history alone is no forecast, the paper will conclude by attempting to draw lessons for other countries seeking to democratize their political culture.},
  author = {Kuntz, Jessica},
  journal = {Politička misao},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {215-246},
  title = {(Re)Entering Europe: The Post-communist Transition of Croatian Political Culture},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=119738},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2011
}

@book{whelan1994values,
  abstract = {It shows that value change in Ireland cannot be understood as involving simply a convergence to Western European norms. The nature of Irish modernisation and industrialisatoin has contributed to the emergence of a distinctive values profile. The authors examine trends and make comparisons across a range of countries for a wide range of different spheres. These include; values and social change, religious and moral values, marriage and the family, work values, citizenship and values, the value bases of polictical partisanship and values and subjective well-being. The book provides for both the student and general reader a valuable survey and synthesis of significant changes in fundamental areas of Irish life and society Other books by Christpher T Whelan Social Mobility and Social Class in Ireland.},
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Whelan, C T.},
  editor = {Whelan, C.T.},
  isbn = {0717119475, 9780717119479},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Gill and Macmillan},
  title = {Values and Social Change in Ireland},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{jasinskakania1995religione,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Jasinska-Kania, Aleksandra},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {445-472},
  publisher = {Regione Autono- ma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {Religione, valori e politica in Polonia, Ungheria e Cecoslovacchia},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@book{denz2002europische,
  abstract = {Im Rahmen der Europäischen Wertestudie werden die Lebenskonzepte und Werthaltungen von EuropäerInnen zu verschiedenen personen- und gesellschaftsbezogenen Themenfeldern erforscht: Religion und Politik, Arbeit, Familie und Freizeit. "Die europäische Seele" stellt die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Europäischen Wertestudie in einen gesamteuropäischen Kontext. Ein Vergleich mit den 1981 und 1990 erhobenen Daten erlaubt - neben Informationen über aktuelle Meinungen - teils brisante Analysen von Strukturen und Veränderungen der Einstellungen in Europa.},
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Denz, Hermann},
  isbn = {3707601048},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 269,
  publisher = {Czernin Verlag},
  title = {Die Europäische Seele: Leben und Glauben in Europa},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2002
}

@article{halman2004european,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Hagenaars, J.A.P. and Moors, G.B.D.},
  journal = {Sotsiologiya},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {36-44},
  title = {A map of European cultures. A research of main value orientations shared by European countries population},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{inglehart1997trend,
  address = {Boulder},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Citizen Politics in Post-Industrial Societies},
  editor = {Clark, T Nichols and Rempel, Michael},
  isbn = {813366976},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {57-66},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  title = {The Trend toward Postmaterialist Values Continues},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@misc{fairbrother2013political,
  author = {Fairbrother, Malcolm},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {The Political Economy of Religiosity: Development and Inequality Reconsidered},
  year = 2013
}

@article{brechon2008religiosit,
  abstract = {L'article présente l'évolution du panorama religieux dans les différents pays européens, mettant en évidence l'importance du phénomène de sécularisation et l'émergence de recompositions du croire, sous des formes souvent floues et hésitantes. Il montre aussi la grande diversité du religieux dans les différents pays européens et affirme qu'on ne peut dire que la situation de la religion serait en Europe exceptionnelle par rapport au reste du monde. Il analyse la sociologie des « fidèles » et des « distants » et montre que les univers de la religiosité et de l'incroyance influencent toujours fortement les systèmes de valeurs.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Politique européenne},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 24,
  pages = {21-41},
  title = {La religiosité des européens : diversité et tendances communes},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=POEU_024_0021},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2008
}

@book{dejong2009culture,
  abstract = {Since the early 1990s, culture, in the sense of norms and values, has entered economic analysis again, whereas it was totally absent from mainstream economics during most of the second half of the twentieth century. The disappointing results of mainstream economics and developments in the world economy triggered an awareness of the relevance of the context in which people make decisions. Developments which were triggering this were the unexpected high growth rates in Asia, (the Asian miracle), the transition of previously centrally planned economies and the increased attention for the role of religion after 9/11/2001.Some of the areas this research covers are:The history of culture in economics from Adam Smith to the presentThe way culture is incorporated into economic analysisMethods used in empirical analysis on culture and economicsCulture as an explanatory factor of cross-country difference in institutions and performanceCulture appears to be relevant for explaining differences between otherwise similar countries; in particular OECD-countries. Uncertainty avoidance, for example, significantly explains the relative importance of financial markets. This book is the first that provides an overview of the field of culture and economics and will be of use to postgraduate researchers in the field of economics and culture.},
  author = {De Jong, Eelke},
  isbn = {978-0-415-43888-9},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 268,
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {Routledge Advanced Texts in Economics and Finance},
  title = {Culture and Economics: on Values, Economics and International Business},
  url = {http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/books/details/9780415438889/},
  year = 2009
}

@article{shariff2014emotional,
  abstract = {Though beliefs in Heaven and Hell are related, they are associated with different personality characteristics and social phenomena. Here we present three studies measuring Heaven and Hell beliefs' associations with and impact on subjective well-being. We find that a belief in Heaven is consistently associated with greater happiness and life satisfaction while a belief in Hell is associated with lower happiness and life satisfaction at the national (Study 1) and individual (Study 2) level. An experimental priming study (Study 3) suggests that these differences are mainly driven by the negative emotional impact of Hell beliefs. Possible cultural evolutionary explanations for the persistence of such a distressing religious concept are discussed.},
  author = {Shariff, A F. and Aknin, L B.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0085251},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-8},
  title = {The Emotional Toll of Hell: Cross-National and Experimental Evidence for the Negative Well-Being Effects of Hell Beliefs},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085251},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2014
}

@article{giorgi1990protestant,
  abstract = {Reanalyzed data from a 1981 European values survey to (1) determine the existence of a consensual work ethic among modern industrial societies and (2) examine the link between this work ethic and religion. The countries studied in the survey included France, Italy, West Germany, the UK, Holland, Belgium, Denmark, and Spain. A general consensus was found in Western European cultures about the values associated with work. A vocational work ethic, stressing rewards of self-fulfillment and social obligation, was recognizable in all countries. This ethic was linked with religious denomination and with degree of religious fervor. People who had been educated longer had higher work ethic values.},
  author = {Giorgi, L. and Marsh, C.},
  journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology},
  keywords = {1990 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {499-517},
  title = {The Protestant Work-Ethic As A Cultural Phenomenon},
  volume = 20,
  year = 1990
}

@article{kalmijn2007social,
  abstract = {A classic topic in the sociology of inequality lies in the subjective consequences of people's stratification position. Many studies have shown that education and occupational class have significant effects on attitudes, but little is known about how the magnitude of these effects depends on the societal context. There has been debate in the scholarly literature, with some authors arguing that effects of class and education are less important when societies are more developed, whereas other authors argue that effects are either stable (for class) or increasing (for education). We use a meta-analytical design to address this debate. More specifically we examine the effects of class and education for a broad range of attitudes (21 scales) in 22 European countries using data from the 1999 wave of the European Values Study. We pool summary-measures of association (Eta-values) into a new dataset and analyse these Eta-values (N = 453) applying multilevel models with characteristics of countries and characteristics of attitudes as the independent variables. Our results show that there is no evidence that the effects of class on attitudes are lower when countries are more modern, but we do find larger effects of education in more modern countries.},
  author = {Kalmijn, M. and Kraaykamp, G.},
  journal = {British Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {547-576},
  title = {Social stratification and attitudes: a comparative analysis of the effects of class and education in Europe},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2007
}

@book{vandeth1995impact,
  abstract = {This book is the fourth in the 'Beliefs in government' series, and focuses on phenomena indicative of widespread change in the value orientations of citizens in Western Europe during the past two decades. These include a decline in religious belief, waning class values, and rising post-materialism - along with environmentalism, feminism, and post-modernism. The extent of these changes, and their impact on the conduct of politics, are the dual concerns of this book. Its first few chapters present a simple model of the relationship between value orientations and political participation, and follow up with an account of how value orientations can be established empirically. Subsequent chapters draw on extensive data from across Europe, in order to track changes in three key types of value orientation - religious/secular, left/right materialism, and materialism/post-materialism - and additionally discusses the emergence of the value orientations relating to feminism, post-modernism, and environmentalism. The third part of the book examines the impact of the three key types on political effectiveness, political trust, interest in politics, voting behaviour, and involvement in new social movements. It concludes with an assessment of the implications of changing value orientations for the governability of advanced industrial societies.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {van Deth, J W. and Scarbrough, Elinor},
  editor = {Van Deth, Jan W. and Scarbrough, Elinor},
  isbn = {0198279574, 0198294751},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 588,
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {The Impact of Values},
  type = {Edited Book},
  url = {http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/politicalscience/0198294751/toc.html},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{schweisguth2001nouveau,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Schweisguth, Etienne},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  editor = {Galland, Oliver and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {2747517985},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {Un nouveau cocktail de valeurs: liberté, priveé et ordre public},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{phillips1985structure,
  address = {London},
  author = {Phillips, David and Harding, Stephen},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {0333386760, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {93-109},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  title = {The Structure of Moral Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{gonthier2007modle,
  abstract = {RéSUMé.  Le modèle de légalité méritocratique des chances est dabord interrogé du point de vue de sa validité interne : la combinaison entre égalité des chances sociales et mérite est-elle susceptible de composer un modèle normatif intrinsèquement cohérent ? Il est ensuite interrogé du point de vue de sa validité externe : est-il adéquat pour rendre compte des perceptions et des représentations de la justice sociale, telles quelles peuvent être observées à partir de deux enquêtes internationales (EVS, 1999 ; ISSP - Inégalités sociales, 1999) ? On peut ainsi évaluer, par extension, dans quelle mesure le modèle libéral de léquité et le modèle culturaliste de la reconnaissance sintroduisent comme des modèles de justice sociale alternatifs ou, de façon plus nuancée, comme des modes de régulation fonctionnelle des contingences inhérentes au modèle de légalité méritocratique des chances.},
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric},
  journal = {L' Année Sociologique},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {151-176},
  title = {Le modèle de l'égalité méritocratique des chances: entre abstractiondémocratique et réalisme sociologique},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=ANSO_071_0151},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2007
}

@article{halman2003religion,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  issn = {323470},
  journal = {Politische Vierteljahresschrift},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {303-322},
  title = {Religion und Politik in der zeitgenoessischen Gesellschaft: Differenzierung oder Entdifferenzierung? Eine komparative Analyse von EVS/WVS-Umfragendaten aus 38 laendern},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2003
}

@article{voicu2013crosscountry,
  abstract = {This paper looks at country-average results in surveys of student-achievements like PISA, PIRLS or TIMSS. As other recent papers do (Fensham, 2007; Minkov, 2008), I advance the idea that the between-countries differences are determined by cultural factors. Focusing on the macro-level, I discuss social values as part of the contextual determinants for student achievement. Values are defining features of the unwritten, but powerful, hidden curriculum (Cornbleth, 2002), and are likely to have strong impact on learning. I combine macro-data computed from the values surveys (EVS/WVS 1990-2008), respectively PISA, TIMSS, and PIRLS (1999-2009). Cross-classified models assess the effect of dominant social values on student achievement. The findings show that a society that places high value on autonomy in child rearing creates an environment for higher student achievement. Conversely, promoting authoritarian values as a priority for younger generations has the opposite effect. The effect is even stronger for achievements in mathematics.},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  issn = {2014-3575},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology of Education},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {221-249},
  title = {Cross-country comparisons of student achievement: the role of social values},
  url = {http://www.hipatiapress.info/hpjournals/index.php/rise/article/view/638},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2013
}

@article{nastuta2011afraid,
  abstract = {Starting from the assumption that fear or the threat feeling felt on immigrants as a group isa strong predictor of negativereaction and actions againstthese out-groups we are tryingto identify in this paper the socialpredictors of these feelings. Ifmost studies on anti-immigrantattitudes are oriented mainlyto economic effects, city ormunicipality effects we includedin our analysis not only theclasical variable like education,income, age, gender, professionalstatus, citizenship as in previousstudies, but also the religiousaffiliation and immigrationdescendence. Starting from EVS2008 data we obtained resultsthat confirms other studies andalso we identified the positivestrong effect of religiousdenomination on immigrationthreat feelings.},
  author = {Năstuţă, Sebastian and Tompea, Ancuta Daniela},
  journal = {Sfera Politicii},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {Who is afraid of immigrants? Social predictors of fear of immigrants in Europe},
  volume = {XIX},
  year = 2011
}

@article{brechon2002valeurs,
  annotation = {Special Issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  title = {Les valeurs des Européens: Les tendances de long terme (x- European Values. Trends in the Long Term)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{halman1994individualizacin,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Tendencas mundiales de cambo en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolas, J Diez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {29-62},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Individualización y cambio de valores en Europa y Norteamérica},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{lambert1997croyances,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Lambert, Yves and Voyé, Lilianne},
  booktitle = {Cultures jeunes et religions en Europe},
  editor = {Campiche, Rol},
  isbn = {2204057223},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {97-166},
  publisher = {Cerf},
  title = {Les croyances des jeunes Européens},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{riffault1994travail,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Riffault, Hélène},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Français},
  editor = {Riffault, Hélène},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {85-122},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France (PUF)},
  title = {Le travail et la représentation sociale de l'economie},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{nevitte1999orientations,
  abstract = {This paper employs the 1981 and 1990 World Values Surveys to demonstrate that publics in advanced industrial states have become less deferential both in general, as well as in the polity, the family, and the workplace. In addition, this analysis also provides broad-gauged prime facie support for the claim (Eckstein, 1966, 1969, 1975, 1992; Pateman, 1970; Kohn, 1969; Greenberg et al., 1995) that authority orientations across different domains are generalizable: attitudes toward authority in the polity, the family, and the workplace do indeed appear to be inter-connected. Furthermore, even under the most rigorous testing conditions, when multiple authority orientations are pitted against each other, and when various other prominent explanations are introduced, Orientations toward authority in one domain turn out to be useful (i.e., statistically significant) estimates of authority orientations in another.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Nevitte, Neil and Kanji, Mebs},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Quantatative Comparative Sociology},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004114114, 9789004114111},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {161-190},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Orientations Towards Authority and Congruency Theory: The Cross National, Cross Time Evidence},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1999
}

@misc{reshetova2012territorial,
  author = {Reshetova, Nataliya},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Territorial Dimension in Ukraine as an Indicator of Satisfaction with Democracy in the Period of Transition},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{goedegebuure2003tears,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Goedegebuure, Jaap},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {463-467},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {He Who Tears Down Also Builds Up. Literature and the Debate on Norms and Values},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{oorschot2007multilevel,
  address = {Ashgate},
  author = {Oorschot, W van and Uunk, W.J.G.},
  booktitle = {Social Justice, Legitimacy and the Welfare State},
  editor = {Mau, S. and Veghte, B.},
  isbn = {9780754649397},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {217-238},
  publisher = {Aldershot},
  title = {Multi-level Determinants of the Public's Informal Solidarity towards Immigrants in European Welfare States},
  url = {http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=94175},
  year = 2007
}

@article{immerzeel2013religion,
  abstract = {It is often found that religious people are underrepresented among the radical right electorate, despite radical right parties claim of being defenders of the Judeo-Christian society. This study investigates this paradoxical finding and examines to what extent two dimensions of religion  practice and belief  play a role in voting for a radical right party across seven West European countries. Using the European Values Study from 2008, it was found that religiously active people are indeed less likely to vote for a radical right party, because they tend to vote for a Christian party. However, the study challenges the common wisdom that religion alone is a restraint on radical right voting and shows that orthodox believers in three countries  Belgium, Norway and Switzerland  feel more threatened by the presence of immigrants and therefore are more likely than their mainstream counterparts to vote for a radical right party.},
  author = {Immerzeel, Tim and Jaspers, Eva and Lubbers, Marcel},
  doi = {10.1080/01402382.2013.797235},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 5,
  pages = {946-968},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religion as Catalyst or Restraint of Radical Right Voting?},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01402382.2013.797235#.U02Gavl_vuI},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{gundelach1996individualization,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter and Kreiner, Svend},
  booktitle = {Political Value Change in Western Democracies: Integration, Values, Identification and Participation},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {81-102},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Individualization or Neo-Conservatism},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@inproceedings{barbovschi2013meeting,
  abstract = {This article discusses children's offline meetings with new contacts established online by taking country-level predictors (i.e. importance of family, importance of friendship and interpersonal trust). The data was drawn from two projects: EU Kids Online II and European Values Survey 2008. The sample of the study included 25,142 children andadolescents aged between 9 and 16 from 25 European countries. The prevalence of meeting online contacts offline differs significantly across countries. Two-level hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to predict odds of meeting with online contacts based on family type and country-level predictors as importance of family, importance of friends and interpersonal trust (operationalised as trust in most people). The results indicated that meeting online contacts offline increased with children's age. Children living in typical families were less likely to engage in online meetings. Theimportance of family and friends significantly lowered the probability of meeting online contacts offline. Contrary, interpersonal trust increased the probability of such a meeting. The findings suggest that already existing social bonds might shape the social integration of youth via online contacts, but new media has facilitated the replacement of closeknit ties with more loose, extended peer-based networks. The results were discussed in scope of contributions, limitations and further suggestions.},
  address = {Lisbon},
  author = {Barbovschi, Monica and Kontríková, Vera and Bayraktar, Fatih},
  booktitle = {IADIS International Conference on e-Society 2013, Lisbon, Portugal 13-16 March 2013},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  pages = {376-380},
  title = {Meeting new online contacts-changes in European Children's patterns of sociality},
  url = {http://www.iadisportal.org/digital-library/mdownload/meeting-new-online-contacts-%C2%96-changes-in-european-children%C2%92s-patterns-of-sociality},
  year = 2013
}

@article{orizo1992cambio,
  author = {Orizo, F Andrés},
  journal = {Investigación y Marketing (AEDEMO)},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {Cambio de Valores en España},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 38,
  year = 1992
}

@article{zrinka2004generations,
  abstract = {The communist systems in Central and Eastern European countries had some common features, with atheism as the cornerstone of the political order, but they varied in many different aspects. Both political pressure and social change brought about not only the rise of secularism but also the rise of religiosity, particularly in the 1980s. However, the course of change and the impact of atheism on generations were quite different in each country. This is shown in the empirical analysis, which is presented in two parts. First, four countries are examined (Croatia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia) showing three distinctive responses to communist rule. Second, on the basis of the EVS 1999 data for 14 post-communist countries, three groups of countries are differentiated according to religious and non-religious legacies and the different generational impacts of the communist system.},
  author = {Zrinka, Sinia},
  issn = {377686},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {221-234},
  title = {Generations and Atheism: Patterns of Response to Communist Rule Among Different Generations and Countries},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://scp.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/51/2/221},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2004
}

@article{listhaug1990nyere,
  author = {Listhaug, Ola},
  issn = {8011745},
  journal = {Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift},
  keywords = {1990 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {107-120},
  title = {Nyere sosiale bevegelser og deres politiske innflytelse},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 6,
  year = 1990
}

@article{lambert2004trends,
  abstract = {The 1981 and 1990 European Values Surveys showed a decline for almost all religious variables, a decline even sharper among young people, except for belief in an afterlife. The younger the respondents, the less religious they were likely to be. These results confirmed the thesis of increasing secularization in Europe and the West. However, the most recent, 1999 survey shows this downward trend to be counterbalanced by two other tendencies: internal Christian renewal and increased 'believing without belonging', both phenomena that are clearly more developed among young people. The respective strengths of these three developments vary by country surveyed. The same phenomena are even more pronounced in Eastern European (former communist bloc) countries and in Russia, once again particularly among young people. The changes may be interpreted as a turning point after the break with religiosity that characterized the 1960s and 70s./Selon les enquêtes sur les Valeurs des Européens de 1981 et de 1990, presque toutes les variables religieuses indiquaient un déclin, et le recul était encore plus accentué chez les jeunes, sauf en ce qui concerne les croyances en la vie après la mort. On était d'autant moins religieux qu'on était plus jeune. Ceci donnait raison à la thèse d'une sécularisation croissante de l'Europe de l'Ouest. Cependant, selon la dernière vague d'enquêtes, celle de 1999, la tendance au déclin se trouve désormais contrebalancée par deux autres tendances : un ressaisissement chrétien interne et un croire sans appartenance, or ces phénomènes sont nettement plus accentués chez les jeunes. La part respective de ces trois tendances varie selon les pays enquêtés. On observe la même chose dans l'ex-Europe de l'Est et en Russie, et d'une manière encore plus marquée, spécialement chez les jeunes. Ces changements sont interprétés comme un tournant par rapport à la période de rupture religieuse des années soixante et soixante-dix.},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  journal = {Revue française de sociologie},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {101-130},
  title = {Trends in Religious Feeling in Europe and Russia / Des changements dans l'évolution religieuse de l'Europe et de la Russie},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFS_452_0307},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{brechon2003valeurs,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs dans la société française, Millénaire 3 Grand Lyon et Economie et Humanisme},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {11-17},
  title = {Les valeurs en politique: dépolitisation? abstention? protestation?},
  year = 2003
}

@article{valentova2008between,
  author = {Valentová, M.},
  journal = {Journal of Social and Societal Policy},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {81-96},
  title = {Between Family and the Labor Market: Perception of Gender Roles in Luxembourg},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{jeene2013relative,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Jeene, Marjolein and {Oorschot, van}, Wim},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {95-115},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {The relative deservingness of the unemployed in the eyes of the European public},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@article{janmaat2009diversity,
  abstract = {This article explores the empirical support for the two rival perspectives of diversity andpostmaterialism, each of which predicts different patterns and trends of social solidarityin the Western world. The diversity perspective holds that ethnocultural heterogeneityunder mines social solidarity, and consequently expects social solidarity to be weaker inmore heterogeneous societies. In the diversity logic, social solidarity should have declinedin Western societies as these societies have become more diverse due to continuousimmigration. Postmaterialism theory, by contrast, posits a positive link between postmaterialismand social solidarity, and would expect social solidarity to have increasedbecause of rising levels of postmaterialism across the Western world. This article found norelation between diversity and social solidarity at either the individual or the national level incross-sectional analyses of WVS and EVS survey data. Neither was the diversity argumentsupported by trend data on opinions about the poor. The positive relations betweenpostmaterialism and social solidarity on the other hand did confirm the postmaterialismperspective. Still, as postmaterialism contributed little to explaining the variance in socialsolidarity at the individual level and as there was no connection between postmaterialismand social solidarity at the macro-level, it can be questioned whether the solidaristicsentiments expressed by postmaterialists are sufficiently deep and lasting to underpinrobust welfare policies.},
  author = {Janmaat, J Germen and Braun, Robert},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  title = {Diversity and Postmaterialism as Rival Perspectives in Accounting for Social Solidarity: Evidence from International Surveys},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2009
}

@incollection{davie2005europe,
  address = {Michigan},
  author = {Davie, Grace},
  booktitle = {The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics},
  editor = {Berger, P L.},
  isbn = {802846912},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {65-84},
  publisher = {Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing},
  title = {Europe: The Exception that Provides the Rule?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{nikodem2012croatias,
  address = {Farnham},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav and Zrinščak, Siniša},
  booktitle = {The social significance of religion in the enlarged Europe},
  editor = {Pollack, Detlef and Müller, Olaf and Pickel, Gert},
  isbn = {978-1-4094-2621-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {207-227},
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Croatia's religious story : the coexistence of instituionalized and individualized religiosity},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{schwartz2007theory,
  abstract = {This article presents a theory of seven cultural value orientations that form three cultural value dimensions. This theory permits more finely tuned characterization of cultures than other theories. It is distinctive in deriving the cultural orientations from a priori theorizing. It also specifies a coherent, integrated system of relations among the orientations, postulating that they are interdependent rather than orthogonal. Analyses of data from 73 countries using two different instruments, validate the 7 cultural orientations and the structure of interrelations among them. Conceptual and empirical comparisons of these orientations with Inglehart's two dimensions clarify similarities and differences. Using the cultural orientations, I generate a worldwide empirical mapping of 76 national cultures that identifies 7 transnational cultural groupings: West European, English-speaking, Latin American, East European, South Asian, Confucian influenced, and African and Middle Eastern. I briefly discuss distinctive cultural characteristics of these groupings. I then examine examples of socioeconomic, political, and demographic factors that give rise to national differences on the cultural value dimensions, factors that are themselves reciprocally influenced by culture. Finally, I examine consequences of prevailing cultural value orientations for attitudes and behavior (e.g., conventional morality, opposition to immigration, political activism) and argue that culture mediates the effects of major social structural variables on them.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Schwartz, S H.},
  booktitle = {Measuring and Mapping Cultures: 25 Years of Comparative Value Surveys},
  editor = {Esmer, Yilmaz and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  isbn = {9004158200},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {33-78},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {A Theory of Cultural Value Orientations: Explication and Applications},
  year = 2007
}

@article{brechon2007croyances,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Cahiers français},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 304,
  pages = {32-37},
  title = {Croyances religieuses et choix politiques: quelles relations?},
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{vandenbroek1994political,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {van den Broek, Andries and Heunks, Felix},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {903619833X},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {67-96},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Political Culture: Patterns of Political Orientations and Behaviour},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{brechon2009valeurs,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Informations sociales},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 153,
  title = {Les valeurs des Français et des Européens : des temps hiérarchisés},
  year = 2009
}

@book{ryssevik1988lrepakke,
  address = {Bergen},
  author = {Ryssevik, J.},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {NSD},
  title = {Ung i Euro: Ein NSD lærepakke},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1988
}

@incollection{orizo1994valores,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Orizo, F Andrés},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y politicos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {229-250},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Los valores de libertad en España},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{kaasa2011values,
  abstract = {This exploratory study mapped work values in European countries andexamined socio-economic and cultural explanations of between-country differences inthe relative importance of various work values. The data from the latest wave of theEuropean Values Study (EVS) covered 45 European countries. Exploratory factoranalysis was used in order to capture the information of initial indicators into areasonable number of dimensions. It was confirmed that extrinsic (instrumental) workvalues have more importance in countries with a lower level of socio-economicdevelopment. Regarding cultural explanations, no effect of individualism-collectivismwas found, but uncertainty avoidance turned out to be positively correlated withaffective work values and negatively with self-actualisation.},
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli},
  journal = {Review of International Comparative Management},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {Work Values in European Countries: Empirical Evidence and Explanations},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2011
}

@book{dobbelaere1988volkgods,
  address = {Leuven},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel},
  isbn = {9033418169},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 165,
  publisher = {Acco},
  series = {Nikè},
  title = {Het 'Volk-Gods' de Mist in? Over de kerk in België (x- 'God's People' Going Wrong? About Church in Belgium)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1988
}

@incollection{bartkowski2004voluntary,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Bartkowski, Jerzy and Jasińska-Kania, Aleksandra},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 7,
  pages = {109-138},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Voluntary Organizations and the Development of Civil Society},
  year = 2004
}

@misc{muradyan2013value,
  author = {Muradyan, Olena and Shirokanova, Anna and Matosyan, Tigran},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Value Change in New Eastern Europe},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{pettersson2008changing,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {123-148},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Changing Swedish Civic Orientations: From Solidarity to Activism?},
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{chauvel1995valeurs,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Chauvel, Louis},
  booktitle = {Futuribles (revue)},
  isbn = {2843871999},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 200,
  pages = {167-200},
  title = {Valeurs régionales et nationales en Europe (x- Regional and National Values in Europe)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@book{gubert1992persistenze,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Gubert, Renzo},
  editor = {Gubert, Renzo},
  isbn = {9788879780124},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 648,
  publisher = {Reverdito Edizioni},
  title = {Persistenze e mutamenti dei valori degli Italiani nel contesto Europeo},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1992
}

@book{orizo1995dinamica,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Orizo, F Andrés},
  isbn = {8474762170, 9788474762174},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 80,
  publisher = {Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas},
  title = {La dinamica intergeneracional en los sistemas de valores de los Españoles},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{mueller2009trust,
  abstract = {Comparative international surveys consistently show differences between Eastern and Western Europe with regard to the perceived trustworthiness of state agencies like courts, police, or civil services. This article explores the consequences of these differences for the life satisfaction of the common citizen. The analysis concentrates on the one hand on the hypothesis that a lack of trustworthiness of state agencies implies the risk of the abuse of power by these institutions, which has among others also  direct  negative consequences for the life satisfaction of the citizens. On the other hand, the article also pursues the hypothesis that trustworthy state institutions may  buffer  the citizens' risk of being deceived by non-trustworthy fellows, which obviously has an  indirect  positive impact on life satisfaction.  Using secondary analysis of survey data from the European Values Study (EVS), the article shows that the mentioned effects of institutional trustworthiness on life satisfaction differ by institution. It seems that the trustworthiness of the  police  mainly matters for the  direct effects  of the abuse of state power, whereas the trustworthiness of the  civil service  is relatively important for the  buffering  of distrust in fellow citizens. Based on quantitative information about these empirical regularities, the article finally makes conditional forecasts about the effects of changing trustworthiness of state agencies on the future life satisfaction in Eastern and Western Europe},
  author = {Mueller, Georg},
  booktitle = {Quality of Life and the Millennium Challenge},
  editor = {Møller, Valerie and Huschka, Denis},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {161-176},
  publisher = {Springer},
  title = {Trust and Life Satisfaction in Eastern and Western Europe},
  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/nvq26564g7655x80/fulltext.pdf},
  year = 2009
}

@article{oorschot2005welfare,
  author = {Oorschot, W.J.H. van and Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  issn = {3055736},
  journal = {Policy and Politics: Studies of local government and its services},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {33-54},
  title = {Welfare state effects on social capital and informal solidarity in the European Union: evidence from the 1999/2000 European Values Study},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2005
}

@article{yucel2015predicts,
  abstract = {This paper explores the correlates of attitudes toward marriage and children in North Cyprus, South Cyprus, Turkey and Greece, using the most recent wave of the European Values Study (EVS) data. The results show the most support for the second demographic transition theory. The combined effects of education, religiosity, political ideology and gender ideology explain the most variance in family values among these four countries. Less religiosity and egalitarian gender ideology are correlated with egalitarian attitudes towards marriage and children throughout, but cross-country differences are also significant. The effects of parenthood, marital status, education, and political ideology are in the expected direction, yet the effects are not universal but country-specific.},
  author = {Yucel, Deniz},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {213-228},
  title = {What Predicts Egalitarian Attitudes Towards Marriage and Children: Evidence from the European Values Study},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-014-0580-3},
  volume = 120,
  year = 2015
}

@article{kerkhofs1992problmatique,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Cahiers Ceppes},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {137-142},
  title = {La problématique familiale selon de récentes études sur les valeurs},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 3,
  year = 1992
}

@article{conci1993valori,
  author = {Conci, A.},
  journal = {Rivista di Teologia Morale},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {55-72},
  title = {I valori degli europei fra evoluzione e nostalgia},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 15,
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{ester1994empirical,
  address = {New York},
  annotation = {Also published in International Journal of Sociology, ISSN: 00207659, Vol.24, P81-110.},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {Towards a European Nation?: Political Trends in Europe},
  editor = {Haller, Max and Richter, Rudolf},
  isbn = {1563243849, 9781563243844},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {157-182},
  publisher = {Sharpe},
  title = {Empirical Trends in Religious and Moral Beliefs in Western Europe: A Cross-Sectional Longitudinal Analysis, 1981-1990},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{kankaras2012crossnational,
  abstract = {Minorities' attitudes can be compared to attitudes of fellow citizen within the host country as well as to attitudes of the motherland. Given the heterogeneity of Luxembourg's minority groups, this country is a relevant example case in which the comparison needs to involve answering a two-folded question. First, the authors analyze the level of measurement equivalence, that is, the extent to which different groups can be compared. Second, the authors examine whether ethnic-cultural groups within Luxembourg resemble citizens from their native country more than their country of residence. Using European Values Study (EVS) data from 2008 the authors demonstrate different types of outcomes. Results indicate that cultural background is more important than national context in the case of culturally more distant minorities to Luxembourg's resident population and that national setting is the prevailing factor when minorities are from neighboring countries. The effect of a common national setting is also important with regards to the issue of measurement equivalence, where it contributes to greater comparability of intranational, cross-ethnic comparisons.},
  author = {Kankaraš, Miloš and Moors, Guy},
  doi = {10.1177/1069397112440945},
  journal = {Cross-Cultural Research},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {224-254},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Cross-National and Cross-Ethnic Differences in Attitudes: A Case of Luxembourg},
  url = {http://ccr.sagepub.com/content/46/3/224.short},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2012
}

@book{villalain1992sociedad,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Villalaín, J A. and Basterra Perez, Angel and del Valle, J M.},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Fundación Santa María, Ediciones SM},
  title = {La Sociedad Española de los 90},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1992
}

@book{zulehner1993europa,
  address = {Düsseldorf},
  author = {Zulehner, P M. and Denz, Hermann},
  isbn = {3491779464},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 264,
  publisher = {Patmos},
  title = {Wie Europa lebt und glaubt: europäische Wertestudie (x- How Europe Lives and Believes)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{norris2003public,
  address = {London/New York},
  author = {Norris, P. and Inglehart, R.},
  booktitle = {Framing Terrorism: The News Media, the Government, and the Public},
  editor = {Norris, P. and Kern, M. and Just, M.},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {203-228},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Public opinion among Muslims and the West},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{halman2003capital,
  address = {Lissabon},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {Atitudes Sociais dos Portugueses},
  editor = {Vala, J. and Cabral, M.V. and Ramos, A.},
  isbn = {9726711002},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = 35,
  publisher = {Imprensa de Ciencias Sociais},
  title = {Capital social na Europa contemporanea},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{lipset1985canada,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Lipset, S Martin},
  booktitle = {Canada and the United States: Enduring Friendship, Persistent Stress},
  editor = {Doran, C F. and Sigler, J F.},
  isbn = {131138049},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {109-160},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  title = {Canada and the United States: The Cultural Dimension},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{gundelach1990genopstr,
  author = {Gundelach, Peter and Riis, Ole},
  journal = {Dansk Sociologi},
  keywords = {1990 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {72-77},
  title = {Genopstår familien?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1990
}

@article{knoll2013impact,
  abstract = {Are people happier if they experience freedom from regulations, and how do individual attitudes towards liberalization influence personal life satisfaction? Based on the data from European and World Values Surveys and the Economic Freedom of the World project, we find evidence for positive effects of low regulation and pro-market attitudes on life satisfaction. Paradoxically, people who are opposed to market-oriented policies sometimes benefit most from deregulation.},
  author = {Knoll, Bodo and Pitlik, Hans and Rode, Martin},
  journal = {Applied Economics Letters},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {916-920},
  title = {A note on the impact of economic regulation on life satisfaction},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13504851.2012.762709#.VGIuffmG_uJ},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{gundelach1995grassroots,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {The Impact of Values},
  editor = {van Deth, J W. and Scarbrough, Elinor},
  isbn = {0198279574, 0198294751},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {412-440},
  publisher = {Oxford university Press},
  title = {Grass-roots activity},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{moor2009after,
  abstract = {This chapter proposes a shift from questions regarding who believes in God to questions regarding which god do people believe in. More specifically, it addresses the impact of industrialization and democratization on the adherence to the idea of a personal god, the idea of an abstract god, the idea that God is unknowable and the idea that God doesn't exist. In answering this question, we combine Topitsch's analogy argument, that ideas about the unknown are modeled on people's experience of what is known and important to them, with Lenski's ecological evolutionism, which states that a society's subsistence technology determines what is known and important to its people. Using the European Values Surveys, wave 1999/2000, we studied ideas about god of people living in thirteen European countries who grew up in cohorts differing in political and economic condition. The findings show that ongoing industrialization negatively affect the belief in a personal god in favor of the belief in an abstract god, in agnosticism and atheism, on both the individual and the contextual levels.},
  author = {Moor, Nienke},
  booktitle = {Explaining worldwide religious diversity. The relationship between subsistence technologies and ideas about the unknown in pre-industrial and (post-)industrial societies},
  isbn = {978-90-90247472},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {79-109},
  title = {After a personal god: an abstract one, atheism or agnosticism?},
  year = 2009
}

@incollection{kerkhofs1991values,
  address = {London},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  booktitle = {Eurobarometer. The Dynamics of European Public Opinion},
  editor = {Reif, Karlheinz and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {333527542},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {377-384},
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  title = {Values and the Challenging of Europe's Identity},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1991
}

@incollection{halman2004normative,
  address = {Boston},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {317-333},
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {Normative orientations towards the differentiation between religion and politics},
  year = 2004
}

@article{luzny2001religion,
  abstract = {Using data from the 1991 & 1999 European Values Study, together with data from the International Social Survey Programme 1998 - Religion from 1999 & data from other public opinion surveys, this article tries to suggest the scope of secularization in the present Czech population. It documents how the process of structural differentiation leads to the declining significance of institutionalized religiousness & privatization of religion, as well as to a growing belief among Czech citizens that it is inappropriate for churches to try to influence politics or the economy. The article also raises the issues of the number of believers & the forms of their beliefs. One of the results of our analysis is the finding that the Czech Republic might be the most secularized country in Europe at the present time.},
  author = {Luzný, Dusan and Navrátilová, Jolana},
  issn = {12103861},
  journal = {Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {85-98},
  title = {Religion and Secularisation in the Czech Republic},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@article{voicu2012effect,
  abstract = {The relations between nationalism and religiosity are complex. Although many previous studies consider religion as a precursor of nationalism, Mitchell (2006) shows that in some contexts the relationship is a reciprocal one. The present approach focuses on the connection between nationalism and Christian religiosity in European countries. People who experience rapid social changes are more likely to reinforce their national identity by searching for stability and a new definition of self and of their own identity. Religion can provide content to the reinforced national identity, especially in the context of religious monopoly resulting in the formation of larger groups that have higher potential for political mobilization and are more likely to control more resources especially when they are supported by the state. The article uses survey data provided by European Values Survey (2000 wave) for the Christian population of 30 European societies. Multilevel regression analysis was used for the analysis. The results indicate a positive effect of nationalist ideology on religiosity in countries with higher level of religious concentration, but no special impact of nationalist ideology on religion was found in post-communist countries.},
  author = {Voicu, Malina},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {333-343},
  title = {Effect of Nationalism on Religiosity in 30 European Countries},
  url = {http://esr.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/3/333.short},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2012
}

@article{angel2013after,
  abstract = {The rapid growth in comparative survey research carried out in multiple countries, or among different language communities within a single nation, has given rise to a renewed concern with problems of translation. The fundamental problem facing the comparative survey researcher relates to the complexity and subjectivity of language, and the fact that complete equivalence of concepts in different linguistic, cultural, and social class contexts may be in principle impossible to achieve. Yet language remains the only medium through which information concerning subjective states, values, and beliefs can be collected. That language and the subjective constructs to which it refers are influenced by a wide range of cultural and social factors. This fact has particular relevance for comparative aging research since older individuals are often monolingual in their native languages and more tied to traditional cultures than younger individuals. This paper consists of a review of basic issues related to the nature of language and communication, and discusses the possibility of a truly scientific translation process. It outlines current best practices, and also raises questions related to the common practice of using information collected with translated survey instruments in ways that assume it reflects a comparable and quantifiable latent construct.},
  author = {Angel, R J.},
  doi = {10.1007/s10823-013-9197-2},
  issn = {1573-0719},
  journal = {Journal of cross-cultural gerontology},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {223-238},
  title = {After Babel: Language and the Fundamental Challenges of Comparative Aging Research},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-013-9197-2},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2013
}

@book{abrams1985values,
  address = {London},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {0333386760, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 351,
  publisher = {MacMillan in association with the European Value System Study Group},
  title = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1985
}

@book{rezsohazy1984lunivers,
  address = {Louvain-la-Neuve},
  author = {Rezsohazy, R J. and Kerkhofs, Jan},
  editor = {Rezsohazy, Rudolf J. and Kerkhofs, Jan},
  isbn = {2870850239, 9782870850237},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 215,
  publisher = {CIACO S.C.},
  title = {L'univers des Belges, valeurs anciennes et valeurs nouvelles dans les anées 80 (De Stille Ommekeer: Oude en Nieuwe Waarden in het België van de Jaren Tachtig)},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1984
}

@article{lesthaeghe1987demografische,
  abstract = {Het artikel illustreert dat de recente evolutie inzake gezinsvorming niet enkel in een belangrijke mate bepaald wordt door economische veranderingen (inzonderheid deze met betrekking tot de tewerkstellingsmogelijkheden) maar ook door waardenverschuiving.Economische factoren zouden vooral verantwoordelijk zijn voor periode-effecten die bovenop een lange-termijn trend zijn geent. Deze laatste zou overeenkomen met cohortenverschuivingen inzake waarden. Het Europees waarden-onderzoek verschaft het empirisch materiaal. Als afhankelijke veranderlijke komen vooral twee dimensies aan de orde: de tolerantiegraad ten aanzien van non-conformisme (tolerantie echtscheiding, abortus, eenouder gezin, betekenis huwelijk) en de betekenis van ouderschap. Deze worden in verband gebracht met diverse waardenschalen (religiositeit en secularisme, Ingleharts "postmaterialisme", nationalisme, linkse politieke voorkeur, afkeer politieke extremismen, tolerantie andersdenkenden en minoriteiten, sociaal engagement, etc.). Verder worden banden gelegd en getoetst met de theorieen van respectievelijk Easterlin en Simons. De eerste verklaart de terugloop in de vruchtbaarheid door de verzwakking van de economische kansen van de jongere generaties in vergelijking met hun hoge materiele aspiraties. De tweede bindt vruchtbaarheid aan het concept van de "burgerlijk religie" en aan de mate van nationalisme.},
  author = {Lesthaeghe, Ron and Meekers, D.},
  journal = {Tijdschrift voor Sociologie},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {131-200},
  title = {Demografische Verschuivingen en de Evolutie van Waardenpatronen in de Europese Gemeenschap (x- Demographic Shifts and the Evolution of Value Patterns in the European Community)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.sociologie.be/tijdschrift/jrg/pdf/TvS1987nr23art5.pdf},
  volume = 8,
  year = 1987
}

@article{graeff2013trust,
  abstract = {Why are the Scandinavian countries in the European Union significantly richer than Southern/Eastern European countries? We try to answer this question from an empirical social capital perspective. In particular, we are interested in the interplay of social trust as a positive and corruption as a negative manifestation of social capital. The opportunities to provide answers by multivariate modelling are, however, limited by several problems related to small sample size and low degrees of freedom. Regarding these problems, we test the interrelating influences between positive and negative social capital by applying a path model that accounts for Granger-like causal effects. Our empirical results, referring to a sample of up to 25 EU countries, show that corruption might harm poor European countries but is not able to affect social trust. However, corruption in itself means that resources end up in the wrong places and not in socioeconomically optimal investments. There is, therefore, a direct damaging effect of corruption on wealth. This implies that economic actors have to invest higher transaction and control costs which will bind resources to non-productive purposes and thus destroy economic wealth. Most remarkable is that the augmentation of positive social capital could work as an effective counterforce to corruption, even if it does not compensate for the economic loss caused by corruption. Thus, adding the social capital perspective may contribute to understanding present day variation in the wealth of European nations by the damaging effect of corrupt activities and/or the positive force of social trust.},
  author = {Graeff, Peter and Svendsen, G Tinggaard},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {2829-2846},
  study = {EVS1981-2010},
  title = {Trust and corruption: The influence of positive and negative social capital on the economic development in the European Union},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11135-012-9693-4},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{halman2003moral,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion},
  editor = {Piedmont, R.L. and Moberg, D.O.},
  isbn = {9004126201},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 13,
  pages = {173-204},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion},
  title = {Moral pluralismin contemporary Europe: Evidence from the project religious and moral pluralism (RAMP)},
  year = 2003
}

@techreport{dixon2005clash,
  abstract = {Turkey's proposed entry into the European Union (EU) has been undermined by Europeans' perceptions of Turkish-European cultural differences, particularly regarding the liberal-democratic values that the EU promotes (democracy, rule of law, and respect for and appreciation of minority/human rights). Yet, cross-national research on values has not focused on Turkey, the EU, and these liberal-democratic values, leaving assumptions of cultural differences and their explanations untested. Through analyses of World and European Values Survey data (1999-2002), this article asks whether people in Turkey have the same values regarding democracy, rule of law (versus religious and authoritarian rule), and minority/human rights as people in EU member and candidate states (as of 2000)? What factors explain these values? I find that people in Turkey support democracy to the same extent as people in EU member and candidate states, but people in Turkey are more supportive of religious and authoritarian rule and are less tolerant of minorities. Although the 'clash of civilizations' thesis expects liberal values to be ordered according to countries' religious traditions, with western Christian the most supportive and Islamic the least, only for tolerance of minorities values is this pattern found. Instead, economic development most consistently explains differences between Turkey and EU member and candidate states in support for these values. I conclude with calls for theoretical refinement, particularly of the clash of civilizations thesis, along with suggestions for future research to examine more Muslim and Orthodox countries; I discuss the debate over Turkey's EU entry.},
  address = {Washington D.C.},
  annotation = {Policy brief disseminated to U.S. Congresspersons, lobbyists and academics by Turkish Industrialist and Businessmen's Association},
  author = {Dixon, J C.},
  isbn = {ISSN: 00071315},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  title = {A Clash of Civilizations, or Differences in Economic Modernization? Examining Liberal-Democratic Values in Turkey and the European Union},
  type = {Report},
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{crpic2005between,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Črpić, Gordan and Zrinka, Sinia},
  booktitle = {In Search of Identity. A Comparative Study of Values: Croatia and Europe},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip},
  isbn = {9532122567},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {45-84},
  publisher = {Golden Marketing - Tehnička knjiga},
  title = {Between Identity and Everyday Life: Religiosity in Croatian Society from the European Comparative Perspective},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{vinken2006values,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Vinken, Henk and Rammstedt, Beatrice},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {233-250},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Values, Personalities, and Generations},
  year = 2006
}

@article{moors2007heterogeneity,
  abstract = {Protagonists of values theory such as Inglehart--among others--have argued that values should be conceived of as relative priorities rather than absolute preferences. As such they insist on using ranking techniques of measurement which generates choice data. In this study, we aim at validating the measurement of Inglehart's (post-)materialism by means of a latent class discrete choice model. We argue that from a statistical point of view this is the appropriate way of dealing with ranking data. Furthermore, the analyses revealed a heterogeneity in (post-)materialist value priorities that has previously been left unobserved. Consistent with Inglehart's research a post-materialist class is discerned irrespective of the number of latent classes that is selected. However, as far as materialism is concerned three different types of materialist concerns can be distinguished. The validity of the empirical typology is further demonstrated by linking it to key covariates and political attitudes.},
  author = {Moors, G. and Vermunt, J.},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {631-648},
  title = {Heterogeneity in Post-materialist Value Priorities: Evidence from a Latent Class Discrete Choice Approach},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{becker1995generations,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Becker, Henk A.},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {269-296},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Generations and Value Change},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@book{engeli2012morality,
  address = {Basingstoke},
  author = {Engeli, I. and Green-Pedersen, Chr. and Thorup Larsen, L.},
  isbn = {9780230309333},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  title = {Morality politics in Western Europe : parties, agendas and policy choices},
  year = 2012
}

@article{brechon2003confiance,
  abstract = {Après avoir dressé un état des réflexions sociologiques passées sur la confiance interpersonnelle et la sociabilité, lauteur essaye de comprendre, en analysant les données des enquêtes sur les valeurs des Européens, les logiques complexes de la confiance. En constitue un trait culturel résistant des différentes sociétés européennes, lié à beaucoup dautres attitudes : sociabilité forte, optimisme général, politisation et participation politique, attitude ouverte et positive à légard du monde, tolérance à légard dautrui... La confiance est aussi liée au capital économique et culturel des individus et au niveau de développement de chaque pays, sans que lon puisse facilement identifier le sens des causalités.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Revue internationale de politique comparée},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {397-414},
  title = {Confiance à autrui et sociabilité : analyse européenne comparative},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RIPC_103_0397},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2003
}

@article{abbruzzese1993valori,
  author = {Abbruzzese, Salvatore},
  journal = {Studi Sociali},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {37-44},
  title = {I valori della politica},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {XXXII},
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{nevitte2008cleavages,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Nevitte, Neil and Kanji, Mebs},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {45-73},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Cleavages, Value Gaps and Regime Support: Evidence from Canada and 26 Other Societies},
  year = 2008
}

@book{vala2003valores,
  address = {Lisboa},
  author = {Vala, Jorge and Cabral, M Villaverde and Ramos, Alice},
  isbn = {9726711002, 9789726711001},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 496,
  publisher = {Imprensa de Ciências Sociais},
  title = {Valores Sociais: mudanças e contrastes em Portugal e na Europa (Social Values: changes and constrasts in Portugal and in Europe)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2003
}

@article{gundelach1992vaerdiaendringer,
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  journal = {Samfundsokonomen},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 8,
  pages = {5-11},
  title = {Vaerdiaendringer I 1980'erne},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1992
}

@incollection{capraro1995esperienza,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {209-240},
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {Esperienza religiosa e istituzione ecclesiale},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{lambert1993gnration,
  abstract = {L'âge est la variable la plus discriminante des attitudes religieuses, mais pas en raison d'un effet d'âge. C'est d'abord le jeu du remplacement des générations qui alimente les tendances dominantes, soit un effritement relatif de l'intégration chrétienne et une progression des croyances en une survie ou des croyances parallèles, ce qui n'empêche pas que s'opère aussi une recomposition du christianisme.},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  issn = {0035-2969},
  journal = {Revue Française de Sociologie},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {525-555},
  title = {Ages, génération et christianisme en France et en Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 34,
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{kerkhofs1985enkele,
  address = {Baarn},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  booktitle = {Katholiek Nederland Na 1945},
  editor = {Stouthard, Philippe and van Tillo, Gerard},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {169-178},
  publisher = {AMBO},
  title = {Enkele Europese Oriëntatiepunten voor Nederlandse Katholieken (x- Some European Orientation Points for Dutch Catholics)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{harding1995values,
  abstract = {Considers research on the centrality of work in the lives of Europeans & evaluates the extent to which changes associated with postindustrial development have impacted work values. Drawing on data from the European Values Systems Study Group surveys, two hypotheses are tested: that employees are becoming more demanding of their employers, & that they are expecting greater personal involvement in their work. Research by International Survey Research, Ltd, is drawn on to investigate the way in which organizations are developing values at both the corporate & individual levels.},
  author = {Harding, Stephen and Hikspoors, F J.},
  issn = {208701},
  journal = {International Social Science Journal},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {441-456},
  title = {New Work Values: In Theory and in Practice},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 47,
  year = 1995
}

@article{riffault2002europens,
  abstract = {The authors present the results of their comparative analysis covering the period 1981-1999 regarding opinions & attitudes toward work in European Union countries & five central & eastern European countries. The authors evaluate the judgments about the importance of work in life. In developed countries work is in competition with other factors of life such as leisure activities, & people display a desire of balance between work & nonwork. Furthermore, the authors study two criteria regarding work: concrete advantages & possibilities of personal development. The latter is becoming more important, & the former depends on the country, the social category, & the age group. They conclude that a definite change is taking place in Europe. When the economic & social situation permits, Europeans regard work as expression of their potential; material satisfaction if of less importance where work is accompanied by attractive & tangible benefits.___While the "social chapter" of the European Union is still evolving, the European research programme on values has carried out a series of surveys of attitudes to work in EU member countries and in five countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Hélène Riffault and Jean-François Tchernia present the results of their comparative analyses using three criteria for their evaluations of the period 1981-1999. First of all, as regards attitudes to what work means for them, the opinions of those who work and those who do not are similar, though there are differences as to whether "work is a social obligation" and "work should always come first"; in Eastern Europe, people maintain a more traditional work ethic, whereas in the EU people would like the duty aspect to be tempered by job satisfaction. The study also looks at the extent of job satisfaction, individual free-will and respect for authority.The authors then examine people's feelings about the place of work in their lives. In the advanced countries, work has to compete with other aspects of life, such as leisure activities, and people express the desire to achieve a better balance between work and leisure.Lastly, the authors discuss two factors involved in what is expected of one's work: the concrete advantages and the possibilities for personal development. The latter is becoming much more important. As to the concrete advantages, the trends vary depending on the country and the social category and age group.They conclude that a definite change is taking place in Europe. When the economic and social situation is favourable, Europeans see their work primarily as a means of developing their personal potential; material considerations are secondary provided that the benefits are attractive and tangible.},
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Riffault, Hélène and Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {63-77},
  title = {Les Européens et le travail: Un rapport plus personnel (Europeans and Their Work. A More Personal Relationship)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@article{kim2007citizens,
  abstract = {This article explores citizens' confidence in political institutions in relation to policy responsiveness within and across countries. The core premise of the mandate theory is that democratic elections deliver the median preferences in policy making to satisfy most citizens' interests. Thus, citizens will display greater confidence toward their political institutions when they perceive that their preferences are pursued in policy making. Twelve consolidated and new democracies from the World Values and European Values Surveys and the Comparative Manifesto Project data sets are analyzed. The findings suggest, first, that individuals across the twelve countries display lower confidence toward political parties than toward parliament or government. Second, weak ideological attachment between individuals and the median policy-making positions in parliament lessens overall citizens' confidence in political institutions. At the institutional level, citizens' confidence for each political institution is most positively affected by the inclusion of the median party in policy processes.},
  author = {Kim, M.},
  journal = {Politics & Policy},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {496-521},
  title = {Citizens' Confidence in Government, Parliament and Political Parties},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{halman2003volunteering,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {The value of volunteering. Cross-cultural perspectives},
  editor = {Dekker, P. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  isbn = {306477378},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {179-197},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Press/ Plenum Publishers},
  series = {Nonprofit and civil society studies},
  title = {Volunteering, democracy, and democratic attitudes},
  year = 2003
}

@inproceedings{elzo1998mutations,
  author = {Elzo, Javier},
  booktitle = {Actes du 3ème Forum du Travail Social, 'Mutations, travial social et cohesion sociale', Bordeaux},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {163-186},
  publisher = {Institut regional du travial social aquitane},
  title = {Mutations sociales et societé européenne},
  type = {Conference Proceedings},
  year = 1998
}

@article{brechon2000levolution,
  abstract = {At the end of the 1970s, a group of social scientists started a research project on the value systems held by Europeans; using representative samples of the population of each country and basically identical questionnaires, they were then able to carry out three detailed studies, roughly ten years apart. A special issue of the journal Futuribles (number 200, July­August 1995) was devoted to the trends that emerged from the surveys held in Europe in 1981 and 1990. While awaiting the publication of another special issue covering the whole of Europe on the basis of the results of the last survey, carried out in 1999, the main trends for France are briefly presented here for the first time.First, Pierre Bréchon and Jean-François Tchernia review the trends observed over 20 years (1981, 1990 and 1999) by age cohort (generation). They distinguish three areas: - one where values seem to have remained quite stable, such as the desire of the French to free themselves from the major intangible principles and, despite their continuing attachment to the family, their lack of interest in marriage;- one where there has been rapid change, such as the growing tolerance of homosexuality, intransigeance vis-à-vis Right-wing extremism and increasing secularization;- finally, one where values are changing more slowly. Three basic trends stand out here: first, the fact that the French are increasingly critical of their society yet at the same time more and more of them say they are personally happy. Next, the fact that "traditional" participation in political life (voting in elections) is falling, but new forms of direct participation are on the increase. Finally, as a corollary of the decline of regard for the major principles, the French are strongly attached to freedom of individual choice but also consider that it is important to maintain social order.In the second part of their article, the authors try to explain the processes behind these results: why some values remain stable while others change, and to explore what can be learned about the future from the trends observed. Instead of relying on the standard distinctions based on age, generation and period, they identify natural cycles (including the biological cycle, the life cycle and the cycle of generations), structural trends (strongly influenced by social change) and historical events (classed in two categories depending on how long their impact lasts).They are then able to suggest several keys to a better understanding of the factors most responsible for changes (or absence of change) in values and to establish an extremely useful basis for studying values in the future.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {5-20},
  title = {L'evolution des valeurs des Français},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 253,
  year = 2000
}

@article{kerkhofs1992europa,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Communio},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  pages = {295-304},
  title = {Europa heute: aus der Sicht der Kirchen},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 21,
  year = 1992
}

@article{delooz1983believes,
  author = {Delooz, P.},
  journal = {Lumen Vitae},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {367-380},
  title = {Who Believes in What?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 38,
  year = 1983
}

@incollection{inglehart1998political,
  address = {Boulder},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Clark, T Nichols},
  booktitle = {The New Political Culture},
  editor = {Clark, T Nichols and Hoffmann-Martinot, Vincent},
  isbn = {813328144},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {9-72},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  title = {The New Political Culture: Changing Dynamics of Support for the Welfare State and other Policies in Postindustrial Societies},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1998
}

@article{basile2012technological,
  abstract = {The economic growth literature suggests that knowledge spillovers are subject to distance decay effects. In this paper the main aim is to provide a theoretical framework and empirical evidence on the role played by other kinds of proximities, namely relational, social and technological proximity, in explaining productivity growth. Using a sample of 249 EU 27 NUTS 2 regions in the period 1990-2004, semiparametric spatial autoregressive models are estimated. Results provide evidence of a positive role of social and relational proximities as important channels of knowledge spillovers, and on the fact that, when simultaneously present, different kinds of proximities generate synergic effects on growth.},
  author = {Basile, Roberto and Capello, Roberta and Caragliu, Andrea},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00438.x},
  journal = {Papers in Regional Science},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {697-722},
  title = {Technological interdependence and regional growth in Europe: Proximity and synergy in knowledge spillovers},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00438.x/full},
  volume = 91,
  year = 2012
}

@techreport{ljunge2012trust,
  abstract = {This paper estimates the intergenerational transmission of trust by studying second generation immigrants in 29 European countries with ancestry in 87 nations. There is significant transmission of trust on the mother?s side. The transmission is stronger in Northern Europe. Ancestry from more developed countries suggests a stronger transmission of trust, but the heterogeneity in ancestry dissipates for individuals who reside in Northern Europe. The results suggest an interaction between cultural background and current institutions, where building trust in Northern Europe is a long process but the adjustment to the trust levels in Southern and Eastern Europe is fast.},
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Ljunge, Martin},
  institution = {Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english techreport},
  number = 946,
  series = {IFN Working Paper},
  title = {Trust Issues: Evidence from Second Generation Immigrants},
  url = {http://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/81422},
  year = 2012
}

@article{rehak1992czechs,
  abstract = {Value system differences between the people of the Czech and Slovak republics are examined through a 1991 random stratified survey of respondents in Bohemia, Moravia, Prague, and the Slovak Republic. The Slovaks demonstrated a preference for leisure activities and social life over work, family, and politics, while Czechs preferred the latter. Czechs are much less religious than the Slovaks, and the Slovaks appear to be resistang social, political, and economic changes because of their different value preferences. Significant differences in geopolitical affiliation between various regions of the two republics are discussed.},
  author = {Rehak, Jan},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {129-132},
  title = {Are the Czechs and the Slovaks Different?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 28,
  year = 1992
}

@article{brechon2004lopinion,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Informations sociales},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 113,
  title = {L'opinion des Européens sur les immigrés. Une mesure de l'ouverture à autrui},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{galland1994valeurs,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Français},
  editor = {Riffault, Hélène},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {251-296},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France},
  title = {Ages et valeurs},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{gonthier2012change,
  abstract = {Many findings have documented the movements of aggregate public opinion on economic liberalism over time. By combining a series of EVS items, we point out that the French grew more skeptical of market capitalism well before the beginning of the Great Recession, and that all income and ideological groups have moved in parallel between 1990 and 2008. Yet by examining the extent to which individual-level differences can mirror the dynamics of politics and inequalities, we show that income does not influence statist attitudes equally on the right and on the left. Ideology thus appears to be a good predictor of attitudes toward economic liberalism and a powerful moderator of the influence of income. Finally, we suggest that the coexistence of different attitude dimensions might explain why the public's demand for redistribution has often been disconnected from election outcomes in France.},
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric and Degeorges, Adrien},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {233-268},
  title = {'Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose': The evolution and the structure of attitudes toward economic liberalism in France between 1990 and 2008},
  url = {http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fp/journal/v10/n3/abs/fp201212a.html},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2012
}

@article{ziliukaite2000religiniu,
  annotation = {Article is in Lithuanian. Summary in English, p. 523},
  author = {Ziliukaite, R.},
  journal = {Kulturologija},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {213-251},
  title = {Religiniu vertybiu kaita Lietuvoje 1990-1999 metais (Dynamics of Religious Values in Lithuania: 1990-1999)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2000
}

@article{halman1998persistentie,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Verweij, J.A.},
  issn = {378097},
  journal = {Sociale Wetenschappen},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {70-89},
  title = {De persistentie van religie in de hedendaagse samenleving? Een exploratie van de invloed van religiositeit op private en publieke waarden in Ierland, Nederland en Zweden},
  volume = 41,
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{monden2013social,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Monden, C W.S.},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {255-373},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Social capital, social cohesion and health: is country-level trust associated with self-assessed health in Europe?},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@article{galland2006traditionmodernit,
  abstract = {French: Les théories de la modernisation proposées dans les années cinquante et soixante avançaient lidée que les sociétés convergeaient vers les valeurs modernes et abandonnaient progressivement leurs valeurs traditionnelles. Cette idée de convergence est réexaminée dans cet article, dans le contexte des seules sociétés européennes, à partir de lexploitation des enquêtes Valeurs. Une série déchelles dattitudes sont construites, puis analysées par des techniques multivariées. Deux résultats principaux se dégagent de cette étude. Tout dabord, il apparaît que, quelle que soit la date ou les pays examinés, les valeurs des Européens se structurent toujours autour dun axe de traditionalisme. Un tel résultat est évidemment en contradiction avec les thèses, fortement critiquées par ailleurs, de convergence vers la modernité. Ce résultat est aussi loccasion de réfléchir sur le pendant du traditionalisme  faut-il lappeler « modernité » ?  et sur les liens entre les attitudes économiques et les attitudes morales. En second lieu, la religiosité est étroitement liée à cette structuration des valeurs, mais elle oppose principalement les Européens affiliés à une religion quelle quelle soit aux sans-religion, plutôt que  comme on limagine souvent  les catholiques aux protestants. Au total, la tension entre tradition et modernité reste au cur du système de valeurs des sociétés européennes.English: The modernisation theories developed in the 50s and 60s suggested that societies were converging toward modern values, gradually abandoning their traditional values. This convergence idea is re-examined in the following article within the context of European countries and on the basis of processed Values surveys. A set of attitude scales was constructed and then analysed through multivariate techniques. Two main results emerge from this analysis. First, it appears that, regardless of date and country, the Europeans values are still structured around a traditionalism axis. This result obviously contradicts the theories of convergence towards modernity, theories that are strongly criticised. It is also an opportunity to reflect on the counterpart of traditionalismneed it be called modernity? and on the relations between economic and moral attitudes. Second, religiosity is strongly linked to this structuring of values but it mainly opposes European members of whatever religious denomination to non-members, rather thanas is often imagined Catholics to Protestants. All in all, the tension between tradition and modernity remains at the core of the value system of European societies.},
  author = {Galland, Olivier and Lemel, Yannick},
  journal = {Revue française de sociologie},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {725-753},
  title = {Tradition-modernité: un clivage persistant des sociétés européennes},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFS_474_0687},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2006
}

@article{majima2007there,
  abstract = {This paper critically examines Inglehart's argument that there is a predictable shift from materialist to post-materialist values, using the British case as our focus. Using the 1981, 1990 and 1999 data for the British part of World Values Surveys, we criticize the distinction between materialist and post-materialist values. Using multiple correspondence analysis, we visualize how different attitudes are related to each other by portraying them in a multiple-dimensional space. We show that the organization of cultural values is complex, and is not easily summarized by the materialist/post-materialist dichotomy.We prefer to recognize the more politically loaded nature of attitudes by distinguishing between libertarian and authoritarian values, and between conformist and rebellious citizens. We show that there is little evidence of major change between 1981 and 1999, and indeed Britons, and especially young people, are moving slightly away from post-materialism, becoming increasingly rebellious and conscientious.},
  author = {Majima, S. and Savage, M.},
  journal = {Cultural Sociology},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {293-315},
  title = {Have There Been Culture Shifts in Britain? A Critical Encounter with Ronald Inglehart},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2007
}

@article{nergard1985nordmenns,
  author = {Nergård, T B.},
  journal = {Kirke og kultur},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {De ti bud i nordmenns omd mme},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 4,
  year = 1985
}

@incollection{nevitte1996tolerance,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Nevitte, Neil},
  booktitle = {Political Value Change in Western Democracies},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {59-80},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Tolerance and Intolerance in Advanced Industrial States: The Cross-Time Evidence},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@book{orizo1991sistema,
  address = {Barcelona},
  author = {Orizo, F Andrés and Sánchez Fernández, Alejandro},
  isbn = {8439318049},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 304,
  publisher = {Institut Català d'Etudes Mediterranis},
  title = {El sistema de valors dels Catalans},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1991
}

@incollection{avram2013religion,
  author = {Avram, Silvia and Dronkers, Jaap},
  booktitle = {Religious Education in a Multicultural Europe: Children, Parents and Schools},
  editor = {Smyth, Emer and Lyons, Maureen and Darmody, Merike},
  isbn = {9781137281494},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {15-36},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  title = {Religion and Schooling: The European Context},
  url = {http://www.palgrave.com/page/detail/religious-education-in-a-multicultural-europe-emer-smyth/?k=9781137281494&loc=uk},
  year = 2013
}

@book{tomasi1994religione,
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Tomasi, Luigi},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  publisher = {Angeli},
  title = {La religione dei giovani europei},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1994
}

@article{petersen2013moralization,
  abstract = {Over the course of human evolutionary history, individuals have required protection from other individuals who sought to exploit them. Moralization - broadcasting relevant behaviors as immoral - is proposed as a strategy whereby individuals attempt to engage third parties in the protection against exploitation. Whereas previous accounts of strategic morality have focused on the effect of individual differences in mating strategies, we here argue for the importance of another factor: differences in the availability of alternative sources of protection. Given the potential costs of moralization, it is predicted that it is primarily used among individuals lacking protection in the form of social allies. Consistent with this, a large cross-national set of surveys is used to reveal how individuals without friends moralize more. In contrast, however, support from other social sources such as family or religious individuals increases moralization.},
  author = {Petersen, M Bang},
  journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {78-85},
  title = {Moralization as protection against exploitation: do individuals without allies moralize more?},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513812000955#},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{jasinskakania1999impact,
  address = {Aldershot},
  author = {Jasinska-Kania, Aleksandra},
  booktitle = {Education and Racism: A Cross-national Inventory of Positive Effects of Education on Ethnic Tolerance},
  editor = {Hagendoorn, Louk and Nekuee, Shervin},
  isbn = {754611418},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {75-92},
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  title = {The Impact of Education on Racism in Poland Compared with Other European Countries},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1999
}

@article{warburg1999gender,
  abstract = {Possible relations between gender, profession and non-conformal religiosity are discussed, and patterns of religiosity are analysed among Danes in the social, educational, and health care (SEH) professions with a view to clarifying the role of gender versus that of profession in propagating non-conformal religiosity. The data were taken from an interview study of the Danish Baha'i community and from the Danish part of the European Values Study (EVS). The conversion accounts of SEH professionals among the Danish Baha'is indicate a specific religious socialization in the SEH professional environment. The EVS data demonstrate that non-conformal religiosity is much more prevalent among SEH professionals than among the rest of the population. Three to five times as many practised meditation, yoga, or healing, and belief in reincarnation was also more widespread. Regarding these indicators of non-conformal religiosity, no differences were found between men and women in the SEH professions. For persons not in the SEH professions, indicators of both conformal and non-conformal religiosity showed a higher prevalence among women than among men. This corroborates the hypothesis that the female-dominated SEH professional environment exerts a strong socialization to non-conformal religiosity, a socialization that may outweigh the general effect of gender.},
  author = {Warburg, M. and Luchau, P. and Andersen, P B.},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {277-290},
  title = {Gender, profession, and non-conformal religiosity},
  volume = 14,
  year = 1999
}

@article{voicu2012trends,
  abstract = {The impact of modernization and industrialization on gender arrangements has been different depending on the gender culture that predominated when the modernization process started. Romania was among the most rural societies in Europe after the Second World War. Women's involvement in agricultural activity was very high, but the gender division of work was a very traditional one. The communist regimes promoted a full employment policy for the entire population but did nothing to encourage gender equality in the private space. This article focuses on the Romanian case, aiming to identify the dynamics of gender beliefs during the post-communist period. Using data from two waves of the European Values Survey (1990, 1999), as well as data provided by the Public Opinion Barometer 2007 and by Family Life - 2008, the authors carried out standard cohort decomposition methods in order to detect the mechanism that produced the most variation in gender beliefs.},
  author = {Voicu, Malina and Tufis, P Andreea},
  journal = {Current Sociology},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {61-80},
  title = {Trends in gender beliefs in Romania: 1993-2008},
  url = {http://csi.sagepub.com/content/60/1/61.short},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{baloban2002opredjeljenje,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Stjepan},
  booktitle = {Hrvatska demografska i demostrateška drama },
  editor = {Pavletić, Vlatko},
  isbn = {9536113120},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {230-238},
  publisher = {Golden Marketing},
  title = {Opredjeljenje za budućnost vodi u sigurniju budućnost (Commitment for Future Leads into Safely Future)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{nevitte2003authority,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Nevitte, Neil and Kanji, Mebs},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {157-182},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Authority Orientations and Political Support: A Cross-national Analysis of Satisfaction with Governments and Democracy},
  year = 2003
}

@article{brechon2002dynamique,
  abstract = {An examination of the way values in several major fields have changed should not give the impression that European values are diverging, argue Pierre Bréchon, Olivier Galland and Jean-François Tchernia. Two main trends emerge from the surveys of values discussed here: -The rise of "postmaterialism": once material needs are met and there is a sense of security, people start to challenge traditional moral positions and instead emphasize aspirations such as self-expression or community participation. This trend was very marked in France during the three decades of post-war prosperity (the "Trente Glorieuses") and has continued despite slower economic growth. These aspirations appear to complement rather than contradict each other: people today aspire to satisfy both their material needs and their postmaterialist concerns.-The desire by individuals to decide for themselves what is good and bad, rather than allowing their opinions and behaviour to be determined by some higher authority, often a religious one. This trend has been growing for a long time, but it is quite distinct from selfish individualism that rejects any social norms or sense of belonging to a community. Admittedly individualism still exists, the authors stress, although in varying degrees depending on whether a country is traditionally Catholic or Protestant, but it is linked to a more or less strong sense of community, which inevitably means acceptance of certain rules of social behaviour, even a recognition of a superior "public good". Nevertheless, the authors find that there are major differences among European countries that turn out to be closely linked to whether they are traditionally Catholic or Protestant. This is also true of trends in Eastern Europe. In conclusion they argue that there is a pattern of change peculiar to each country, if not region, although some countries are more homogeneous than others. Having examined the case of several typical countries, the authors conclude that some differences persist, with their roots in the past, although this does not prevent values from changing, albeit slowly, and reforming.},
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Galland, Olivier and Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {177-186},
  title = {La dynamique des valeurs en Europe: Dimension spatiale et temporelle},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{halman2006politiek,
  address = {s-Gravenhage:},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {Bouwen aan vertrouwen in het openbaar bestuur. Diagnoses en Remedies},
  editor = {Korsten, A. and Goede, Peter de},
  isbn = {109035240243},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {79-99},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  title = {De politiek vertrouwen? Waarom zou je? Een empirische analyse in 33 Europese landen},
  year = 2006
}

@article{crpic2003mentaliteti,
  author = {Črpić, Gordan},
  journal = {Nova prisutnost},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {155-170},
  title = {Mentaliteti i donosenje zakona. Analiza jednog aktualnog slucaja},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2003
}

@article{moors2003comparing,
  abstract = {This paper compares moral values in 12 European countries based on data from three waves of the European Values Survey: 1981, 1990, and 1999. We question the validity of comparisons across cultures and in time if the structural equivalence in the measurement of values is not tested. A procedure is suggested to research equivalence in measurement within a latent-class factor approach. Multiple group analyses revealed that assuming a homogeneous measurement model is not justified. Rather patterns of partial homogeneity emerged in which country and period influenced moral issues independently from the effect of two group variables on the latent-class factors. As a result, country differences generally decreased when direct effects of country on the items were introduced, however without contradicting the comparisons from the homogeneous measurement model. Period differences decreased less after allowing direct effects of the former group variable on the items.},
  author = {Moors, G. and Wennekers, C.},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {155-172},
  title = {Comparing Moral Values in Western European Countries between 1981 and 1999. A Multiple Group Latent-Class Factor Approach},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2003
}

@article{nistor2012environmental,
  abstract = {The present article provides an insight into Romanians' environmental worldview, on the basis of a shortened, six item version of the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale. The data are delivered from the 2008 wave of the European Value Survey (EVS), which included, for the first time, the NEP module. The results of the analysis suggest that the overall endorsement of the NEP in Romania is one of the lowest among the EVS participant countries and Romania provides also one of the highest percents of "don't know" answers regarding the NEP items. The six items do not consistently hold together and the factor analysis yields a two factor solution, with items saturating two components: one corresponding to a "humans over nature" facet and another corresponding to the "fragility of earth's balance and its carrying capacity". The comparative inter-country analysis suggests that in the case of all the other European countries, the NEP items are split into the same categories as in Romania. Thus, the major difference between Romania and the other European states consists not so much in the different structure of the NEP, but rather in the much lower endorsement of the NEP view, particularly its facets of anti-anthropocentrismand anti-human-exemptionalism such as they are currently enacted in Romania. Among the positional factors, residence in large urban settings is the most important predictor of the unequivocal endorsement of the NEP, while education is the most important factor which significantly increases the likelihood to formulate an opinion in relation with NEP items.},
  author = {Nistor, Laura},
  journal = {Romanian Sociology},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {75-98},
  title = {The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) in Romania. Some Empirical Findings},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{crpic2005emerging,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Črpić, Gordan and Zrinka, Sinia},
  booktitle = {In Search of Identity. A Comparative Study of Values: Croatia and Europe},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip and Aračić, Pero},
  isbn = {9532122567},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {19-44},
  publisher = {Golden Marketing - Tehnička knjiga },
  title = {An Emerging Civil Society: Leisure Time and Voluntary Organisations in Croatia},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2005
}

@article{freitag2003beyond,
  abstract = {This paper evaluates the foundations of social capital as measured in terms of social trust in Switzerland. Specifically, the standard view that face-to-face interaction within voluntary associations is the dominant way to create social capital (the so-called Tocqueville model) will be challenged. While providing no support for the thesis that active membership in associations fosters social trust, our results strongly support explanations that point to personal resources, social background variables, psychological determinants, and individual attitudes, which can only be explained effectively by the socialization process within the family and in early adulthood experiences. In fact, based on the Swiss data from the World Values Survey in the mid-1990s, social trust is contingent upon life satisfaction, confidence in political and societal institutions, education, cosmopolitan culture, daily television consumption, and regional provenance.},
  author = {Freitag, M.},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {217-232},
  title = {Beyond Tocqueville: The Origins of Social Capital in Switzerland},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2003
}

@article{hvidtjorn2013familial,
  abstract = {It is well known that human behavior and individual psychological traits are moderately to substantially heritable. Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies have explored the genetic and environmental influence on religiousness. These studies originate predominantly from countries generally considered more religious than the very secular northern European countries. Comparisons of the results are complicated by diverse definitions of religiousness, but several studies indicate that the influence of the family environment is most predominant in early life, whereas genetic influences increase with age. We performed a population-based twin study of religiousness in a secular society using data from a Web-based survey sent to 6,707 Danish twins born 19701989, who were identified in the Danish Twin Registry. We applied Fishman's three conceptual dimensions of religiousness: cognition, practice, and importance. In all polygenic models and biometric analyses, we controlled for gender and age. The study sample comprised 2,237 same sex twins, a response rate of 45%. We found high correlations within both monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs in most items of religiousness, indicating a large influence from shared environmental factors. Personal religiousness such as praying to God, believing in God, and finding strength and comfort in religion were more influenced by genetic factors than were social forms of religiousness such as church attendance. We found a small tendency for increasing genetic influence with increasing age for some religious items, but not for all.},
  author = {Hvidtjørn, Dorte and Petersen, Inge and Hjelmborg, Jacob and Skytthe, Axel and Christensen, Kaare and Hvidt, N C.},
  journal = {Twin Research and Human Genetics},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {544-553},
  title = {Familial Resemblance in Religiousness in a Secular Society: A Twin Study},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8871485&fileId=S1832427413000030},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{timmermans2012morality,
  address = {Basingstoke},
  author = {Timmermans, Arco and Breeman, Gerard},
  booktitle = {Morality politics in Western Europe : parties, agendas and policy choices},
  editor = {Engeli, I. and Green-Pedersen, Chr. and Thorup Larsen, L.},
  isbn = {9780230309333},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {35-61},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  title = {Morality issues in the Netherlands: coalition politics under pressure},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{dobbelaere1999religion,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Dobbelaere, K.J. and Gevers, J.M.P. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society. The European's religion at the end of the 20th century},
  editor = {Halman, L. and Riis, O.},
  isbn = {9036197406},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 5,
  pages = {67-82},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European values studies},
  title = {Religion and the family},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{jagodzinski1995secularization,
  abstract = {This chapter investigates statistical evidence regarding the fall-off in church membership and attendance, which has taken place across Western Europe since World War II, and analyses variations between countries. It tentatively concludes that the pace of the process of church disengagement is linked to rationalization of society and the advance of Protestantism, which has led to a relegation of religion as an à la carte set of options, weakening its traditional guidelines on political questions. With religiously inspired deference fading away, political leaders may have more difficulty mustering support for the institutions of government.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Jagodzinski, Wolfgang and Dobbelaere, Karel},
  booktitle = {The Impact of Values},
  editor = {van Deth, J W. and Scarbrough, Elinor},
  isbn = {0198279574, 0198294751},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {76-119},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Secularization and Church Religiosity},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{listhaug1985gender,
  abstract = {In the period 1957-81 women in Norway voted less frequently for the socialist parties than did men. In most recent years this pattern has changed so that women are now more likely than men to support the socialist bloc. This shift has been especially strong among the younger and the more educated women. In the younger age group the polarization by gender is also very striking; women have moved to the left and men to the right. While changing demographic patterns partially explain the gender gap in voting behaviour, differences in values must also be taken into account. The most consistent finding is that stronger religious feelings among women make them more likely to vote for the Christian People's party. Values that suggest a greater emphasis on human interactions, less emphasis on material goods, and a concern with peace, increase female support for the socialist parties.},
  author = {Listhaug, Ola and Miller, A H. and Valen, Henry},
  issn = {806757},
  journal = {Scandinavian Political Studies},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {187-206},
  title = {The Gender Gap in Norwegian Voting Behaviour},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119511640/abstract},
  volume = 8,
  year = 1985
}

@article{jenssen1988postmaterialism,
  author = {Jenssen, A. T. and Listhaug, Ola},
  journal = {Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  title = {Postmaterialism og Valg i Norge},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 5,
  year = 1988
}

@article{halman2006atlas,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Krause, U. and Palings, H.},
  issn = {9263837},
  journal = {Geografie},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 7,
  pages = {28-31},
  title = {Atlas of European Values: Aan de slag met Europese waarden en normen},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{brechon1999integration,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Riis, Ole},
  isbn = {9004126228},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {114-161},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Integration into Catholicism and Protestantism in Europe: The Impact on Moral and Political Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1999
}

@article{arroyo2010rethinking,
  abstract = {Agent-based models informed by empirical data are growing in popularity.Many models make extensive use of collected data for the development, initialisationor validation. In parallel, models are growing in size and complexity, generating largeamounts of output data. On the other hand, Data Mining is used to extract hiddenpatterns from large collections of data using different techniques. This work proposesthe intense use of Data Mining techniques for the improvement and development ofagent-based models. It presents a methodological approach explaining why and whento use Data Mining, with a formal description of each stage of the correspondingprocess. This is illustrated with a case study, showing the application of the proposedapproach step by step.},
  author = {Arroyo, J. and Hassan, S. and Gutiérrez, C. and Pavón, J.},
  journal = {Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {416-435},
  title = {Re-thinking simulation: a methodological approachfor the application of data mining in agent-basedmodelling},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2010
}

@misc{cuffe2005local,
  author = {Cuffe, John},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Local Power, National Activity? Local Government and Political Participation in non-Federal Systems},
  year = 2005
}

@inproceedings{sevcikova2012exposure,
  abstract = {This study examined individual-level factors and country-level factors which predict exposure to online sexual materials (EOSM) among European children. The sample consisted of children aged 11-15 years (N=12,472) who were surveyed within the project EU Kids Online II. A cross-cultural comparison has shown that the country-level factors accounted for 11 % of the variation in EOSM within the European sample. However, neither broadband penetration, nor religious faith were significant as studied country-level factors, while all individual-level predictors such as advanced age, being male, increased amount of time spent online, emotional problems, sensation seeking, and excessive internet use predicted EOSM. On the other hand, gender had a different effect on EOSM at the cross-country level. The countries with higher rates of exposure indicated lower gender differences in EOSM. The implications of the findings are discussed.},
  address = {Australia},
  author = {Sevcíková, Anna and Serek, Jan and Machacková, Hana},
  booktitle = {Proceedings Cultural Attitudes Towards Communication and Technology 2012},
  editor = {Strano, M. and Hrachovec, H. and Sudweeks, F. and Ess, C.},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {502-513},
  publisher = {Murdoch University},
  title = {Exposure to online Sexual Materials and Crosscountry Differences in Europe},
  url = {http://sammelpunkt.philo.at:8080/2182/},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{silvestre1999perceptin,
  address = {Oviedo},
  annotation = {Also published in Revista Inguruak, 1997, Vol.18, P93-114.},
  author = {Silvestre, M.},
  booktitle = {Cambiando el conocimiento: universidad, sociedad y feminismo},
  editor = {Carreras Suárez, I. and Cid Lopez, R M. and Rodriguez, A P.},
  isbn = {9788489613928},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {287-307},
  publisher = {Ediciones KRK},
  title = {La perceptión de la función social de las mujeres en la sociedad vasca},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1999
}

@article{hiller2013changes,
  abstract = {This article focuses on the mutual interplay between changes in divorce rates, divorce laws and cultural acceptance of divorce. The latter differs among individuals and evolves endogenously via cultural transmission mechanisms in which children's preferences are partly shaped by divorce decisions of their parents. In turn, divorce law is chosen by majority voting. The dynamics of the economy may exhibit multiple long-run equilibria. Economic shocks can destabilize the low-divorce equilibrium: through cultural evolutions, divorce rates increase and divorce law may be modified. In compliance with stylized facts, the results show that legal changes occurred after that divorce rates had started to rise.},
  author = {Hiller, Victor and Recoules, Magali},
  journal = {International Review of Law and Economics},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {77-78},
  title = {Changes in divorce patterns: Culture and the law},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144818813000094},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2013
}

@article{oorschot2007welfare,
  author = {Oorschot, W van and Uunk, W.J.G.},
  journal = {Comparative Politics},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {63-82},
  title = {Welfare Spending and the Public's Concern for Immigrants. Multilevel Evidence for 18 European Countries},
  url = {http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=90303},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2007
}

@misc{meeusen2011territorial,
  author = {Meeusen, Cecil},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Territorial Belonging in Belgium: Effects of the political context},
  year = 2011
}

@article{uunk2005impact,
  abstract = {The proportion of women who withdraw from paid employment when they have children differs considerably among the countries of the European Union (EU), and the variation has mostly been attributed to institutional factors. In this study, we reassess the institutional explanation, because earlier supportive evidence is threatened by two alternative macro-level explanations: the influence of the economic necessity to work and the influence of gender role values in society. Our main research question is whether and to what extent these alternative explanations alter the effect of public childcare arrangements on mothers' labour supply. Using panel data from 13 countries of the EU, we find evidence in favour of the institutional and economic explanations. In countries with more generous provision of public childcare and in countries with a lower level of economic welfare, the impact of childbirth on female labour supply is less negative than in other countries. Economic welfare appears to suppress rather than rival the institutional effect. More egalitarian gender role values in a country increase mothers' labour supply, yet these values do not alter the institutional effect. Our results underpin the importance of publicly supported arrangements for enhancing female labour supply.},
  author = {Uunk, Wilfred and Kalmijn, Matthijs and Muffels, Ruud},
  journal = {Acta Sociologica},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {41-62},
  title = {The Impact of Young Children on Women's Labour Supply: A Reassessment of Institutional Effects in Europe},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2005
}

@article{growiec2012social,
  abstract = {The aim of this working paper is to examine social capital in Iceland, as measured in terms of social ties, social trust, political activity and civic engagement, from a comparative perspective before and after the financial crisis of 2008. It uses data from four successive waves of the European Values Study (EVS). Following a contextualisation of this research theme, our results show that Icelanders appear to be as satisfied with their lives after the onset of the crisis as they were prior to the economic collapse. The strength of their family ties has been progressively increasing during the 26 year period covered by the data, with gradual growth in the importance awarded to family relationships, which indicates that Icelanders are now more reliant on their parents than in the past. Ties with non-family members are also adjudged to have become more important, though only after the financial crisis. Furthermore, Icelanders are more active civically and politically: for example, they are more likely to belong to a political party, social welfare organisation or local community initiative, which implies that such activities have become of greater importance since 2008. In addition, while there may have been an increase in levels of social trust among people, there is more dissatisfaction with how democracy works. In conclusion, we can see that social capital has almost certainly become more important in Iceland since the economic crisis but, given that we have been able to identify underlying trends showing that this is at least in part a long-term development, this heightened importance may not just be a consequence of the crisis but rather part of a more gradual societal change.},
  author = {Growiec, Katarzyna and Vilhelmsdóttir, Sjöfn and Cairns, David},
  issn = {1647-0893},
  journal = {CIES-IUL},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 138,
  pages = 19,
  title = {Social Capital and the Financial Crisis: The Case of Iceland},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4965},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{simons1992europes,
  address = {London and New York},
  author = {Simons, John},
  booktitle = {Social Europe},
  editor = {Bailey, Joe},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {36-49},
  publisher = {Longman},
  title = {Europe's Ageing Population - Demographic Trends},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1992
}

@incollection{vandenbroek1998membership,
  address = {West Malling},
  author = {van den Broek, Andries and Dekker, Paul},
  booktitle = {Dimensions of the Voluntary Sector: Key Facts, Figures, Analysis and Trends},
  editor = {Pharoah, Cathy and Smerdon, Matthew},
  isbn = {1859340776, 9781859340776},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {245-251},
  publisher = {Charities Aid Foundation},
  title = {Membership and Activity in Voluntary Organisations - The Civil Society Perspective},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1998
}

@article{helliwell2007wellbeing,
  abstract = {This paper has a double purpose: to see how well Durkheim's [1897, Le Suicide (Paris: 1 degrees edition)] findings apply a century later, and to see if the beneficial effects of social capital on suicide prevention are parallel to those already found for subjective well-being (Helliwell 2003, Economic Modelling 20(2), pp. 331-360). The results show that more social capital and higher levels of trust are associated with lower national suicide rates, just as they are associated with higher levels of subjective well-being. Furthermore, there is a strong negative correlation between national average suicide rates and measures of life satisfaction. Thus social capital does appear to improve well-being, whether measured by higher average values of life satisfaction or by lower average suicide rates. There is a slight asymmetry, since the very high Scandinavian measures of subjective well-being are not matched by equally low suicide rates. To take the Swedish case as an example, this asymmetry is explained by Sweden having particularly high values of variables that have more weight in explaining life satisfaction than suicide (especially quality of government), and less beneficial values of variables that have more influence in explaining suicide rates (Swedes have low belief in God and high divorce rates), because with the latest data and models the Swedish data fit the well-being and suicide equations with only tiny errors. If the international suicide data pose a puzzle, it is more because suicide rates, and their estimated equations, differ greatly by gender, while life satisfaction and its explanations are similar for men and women.},
  author = {Helliwell, J F.},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {455-496},
  title = {Well-being and social capital: Does suicide pose a puzzle?},
  volume = 81,
  year = 2007
}

@book{brechon2014valeurs,
  abstract = {La mondialisation conduirait à une uniformisation des valeurs. Les pays seraient de plus en plus interdépendants, contraints d’adopter les mêmes modes de vie et de pensée. La construction européenne ferait disparaître les spécificités héritées du passé… La grande enquête consacrée aux valeurs des Européens montre qu’il n’en est rien. Depuis 1981, on n’observe pas de rapprochement massif : les différences restent très importantes entre le Nord et le Sud de l’Europe, tout comme entre l’Ouest et l’Est. Qu’il s’agisse de la famille, de la sociabilité, de la politique, du travail ou de la religion, la diversité demeure extrêmement forte. La carte des valeurs n’est pas pour autant figée. On constate partout une montée des valeurs d’individualisation, même si leur développement est inégal selon les grandes aires culturelles de l’Europe. L’ouvrage s’attache aussi à expliquer comment et pourquoi les valeurs se transforment. Il insiste notamment sur les effets du développement économique, de l’élévation du niveau d’études, de la montée de la sécularisation, des mutations de l’État-providence… Un ouvrage indispensable pour saisir la dynamique des valeurs et le mouvement d’individualisation qui traverse aujourd’hui l’Europe.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 285,
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  year = 2014
}

@article{sarracino2014richer,
  abstract = {The worrying decline of social capital (Putnam in Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. Simon and Schuster, New York, 2000) and the disappointing trends of subjective well-being characterising the US (Easterlin in Nations and households in economic growth. Academic Press, New York, 1974; Easterlin and Angelescu in Happiness and growth the world over: time series evidence on the happiness-income paradox, 2009; Easterlin et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:2246322468, 2010) raise urgent questions for modern societies: is the erosion of social capital a feature of the more developed and richer countries or is it rather a characteristic aspect of the American society? To test the hypothesis that the erosion of social capital and declining well-being are not a common feature of richer countries, present work focuses on Luxembourg. The main results are: (1) the erosion of social capital is not a legacy of the richest countries in the world; (2) between 1999 and 2008, people in Luxembourg experienced a substantial increase in almost every proxy of social capital; (3) both endowments and trends of social capital and subjective well-being differ significantly within the population. Migrants participate less in social relationships and report lower levels of well-being; (4) the positive relationship between trends of subjective well-being and social capital found in previous literature is confirmed.},
  author = {Sarracino, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-012-0223-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {561-622},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Richer in Money, Poorer in Relationships and Unhappy? Time Series Comparisons of Social Capital and Well-Being in Luxembourg},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-012-0223-5},
  volume = 115,
  year = 2014
}

@article{torgler2012morale,
  abstract = {This study tries to remedy the current lack of tax compliance research analyzing tax morale in 10 Eastern European countries that joined the European Union in 2004 or 2007. By exploring tax morale differences between 1999 and 2008 we show that tax morale has decreased in 7 out of 10 Eastern European countries. This lack of sustainability may support the incentive based conditionality hypothesis that European Union has only a limited ability to influence tax morale over time. We observe that events and processes at the country level are crucial to understanding tax morale. Factors such as perceived government quality, trust in the justice system and the government are positively correlated with tax morale in 2008.},
  author = {Torgler, Benno},
  journal = {Communist and Post-Communist Studies},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {11-25},
  title = {Tax morale, Eastern Europe and European enlargement},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967067X12000062},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{tournier2014libralisme,
  author = {Tournier, Vincent},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {33-53},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Libéralisme des moeurs, incivisme, autorité},
  year = 2014
}

@article{spousta2002changes,
  abstract = {The article provides a brief sociological description of the religious development in the regions of Bohemia and Moravia over the past centuries and a more detailed analysis of the recent trends based on the data of the European Values Study from 1991 and 1999. The main conclusions for the present situation of the country are: (a) The secularisation continues, but not as quickly as 30 or 40 years ago; (b) Religious ideas of average citizens differ more and more from the traditional Christian dogmatic or atheistic ideology - religious syncretism and Far East inspirations are widespread in the Czech Republic now; (c) The paradoxical character of current trends in the Czech Roman Catholic church is stressed - threats to and the chances of the main Czech religious society have been dramatically altered since the revolution in 1989.},
  author = {Spousta, Jan},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {345-363},
  title = {Changes in religious values in the Czech Republic},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2002
}

@article{inglehart2002trends,
  abstract = {More than two decades ago, the authors of Political Action (Barnes et al. 19 79) predicted that what was then called "unconventional political participation" would become more widespread throughout advanced industrial societies, because it was part of a deep-rooted intergenerational change. Time series data from the 1974 Political Action survey, together with data from four waves of the World Values Surveys demonstrates that this change has indeed taken place-to such an extent that petitions, boycotts, and other forms of direct action are no longer unconventional but have become more or less normal actions for a large part of the citizenry of post-industrial societies. This type of elite-challenging actions also played an important part in the Third Wave of democratization-but after the transition to democracy, most of the new democracies subsequently experienced a post-honeymoon phase of disillusionment with democracy, in which direct political action declined. This paper analyzes data from more than 70 countries containing more than 80 percent of the world population, interpreting the long-term dynamics of elite-challenging political participation in both established democracies and new democracies. Our interpretation implies that the current decline in direct political action in the new democracies is a "post-honeymoon" period effect; in the long run, we expect that elite-challenging activity will move on an upward trajectory in most of the new democracies, as has been the case in virtually all established democracies.},
  author = {Inglehart, R. and Catterberg, G.},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {3-5},
  pages = {300-316},
  title = {Trends in political action: The developmental trend and the post-honeymoon decline},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2002
}

@book{veenhoven1993happiness,
  abstract = {This data-collection is about the degree to which people evaluate their life-as-a-whole positively, shortly called 'happiness' or 'life-satisfaction. It present data on happiness in nations as assessed in survey studies. The data concern average level and dispersion of happiness and allow comparison between nations and through time.Average level happiness is an indicator of livability of a nation. Like physical and mental health, it denotes the degree to which people flourish in a society. Dispersion of happiness is an indicator of social inequality in nations. The collection restricts to surveys that used acceptable questions on happiness. June 1998 it covered 1483 studies in 94 nations between 1945-1998 (current number mentioned on the start-screen). On some items for some countries, it involves time series, some time series cover 10 to 40 years. The collection is updated periodically.Data are presented by question type. In some cases, responses on divergent questions can be transformed to comparable scores. Three techniques are used to homogenize the data.Some illustrative results: Average happiness differs markedly across nations. The differences cannot be attributed to cultural variation in measurement error. The differences can neither be explained as a result of cultural variation in outlook on life. The differences in happiness are largely the result of variation in real quality-of-life. Happiness has risen over the last decades in several nations. Dispersion of happiness in nations varies with inequality in length of life and inequality in income.},
  address = {Rotterdam},
  author = {Veenhoven, Ruut},
  isbn = {907257946},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 365,
  publisher = {Risbo},
  title = {Happiness in Nations: Subjective Appreciation of Life in 56 Nations 1946 - 1992},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://www2.eur.nl/fsw/research/veenhoven/Pub1990s/93b-con.html},
  year = 1993
}

@article{apahideanu2013empirical,
  abstract = {The underlying article examines the current state of the secularization debate in order to develop an updated working model of the paradigm at the micro level as manifesting in two interrelated directions: atheism,respectively heterodox hybridization of religiosity. The latter direction is further explored in its manifestation in Europe over the past two decades in an integrated approach based on the waves of the European Values Study (EVS) and the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), focusing on church mediation of the individual-divine relation, conceptualizations of God as personal versus impersonal, self-defined religiosity and spirituality, and various heterodox, uncanonical, beliefs. The findings support the secularization paradigm as manifested predominantly towards atheism in Western Europe, respectively towards heterodox, hybrid, forms of religiosity in the East.},
  author = {Apahideanu, Ionut},
  journal = {Europolis},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {37-75},
  title = {An Empirical Revisiting of the Secularization debate at the Micro Level: Europe's heterodox religiosity over the last two decades},
  url = {http://europolis.politicalanalysis.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/2-apahideanu.pdf},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{brechon1994rapport,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Français},
  editor = {Riffault, H.},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {163-200},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France},
  title = {Le rapport à la politique},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{halman1996there,
  annotation = {(in Russian)},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  issn = {208701},
  journal = {International Social Science Journal},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {57-79},
  title = {Is there a moral decline? A cross national inquiry into morality in contemporary society},
  volume = {XLVII},
  year = 1996
}

@article{abendschon2014gender,
  abstract = {Differences between the political behavior of men and women have been a topic of political research for a long time. One focus of the 'gender gap' discussion has been on gender differences in electoral behavior. Even though the act of voting itself is fairly equally distributed, women and men seem to show different preferences when it comes to filling out the ballots. While women voted for conservativeand center-right parties to a greater degree than men until the 1970s, these gender differences are no longer prevalent in many advanced industrialized democracies. Instead, women, in comparison to men, are nowadays leaning more to the left in their voting decisions. Although analyses have revealed that the 'modern' gender voting gap varies across countries, most studies have only focused on individual-level explanations. Using data from the European Values Study for 2008, this article provides a comparative analysis regarding the current state of the gender voting gap for twenty-five European Union member states. It is the first attempt to explore in how far cross-national differences in the modern gender voting gap canbe explained, not only by the individual, but also by the sociostructural and cultural-attitudinal context. The findings for 2008 indicate that, in comparison with previous studies, the modern gender voting gap can be confirmed for most of the countries. Its size, however, varies across countries. Moreover, this article showsthat, besides individual characteristics, both socio-structural and cultural-attitudinal country factors contribute to the understanding of cross-national differences in the modern gender voting gap.},
  author = {Abendschön, Simone and Steinmetz, Stephanie},
  journal = {Social Politics},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 0,
  pages = {1-30},
  title = {The Gender Gap in Voting Revisited:Women's Party Preferences in a European Context},
  url = {http://sp.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/05/11/sp.jxu009.short},
  volume = 0,
  year = 2014
}

@article{tomka2001hagyomnyos,
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  journal = {Educatio},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {419-433},
  title = {Hagyományos (vallási) értékek a modern társadalomban (= Traditional [religious] values in modern society)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {/brokenurl#www.edu-online.eu/hu/letoltes.php?fid=tartalomsor/485},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{dogan2000deficit,
  address = {Berlin},
  annotation = {Reprinted in Sociologie Romaneasca, 2001, pp. 1-20.},
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  booktitle = {The Making of the European Union},
  editor = {Haller, M.},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {241-261},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  title = {Deficit of Confidence Within European Democracies},
  year = 2000
}

@article{houtman2007spiritual,
  abstract = {This article uses data from the World Values Survey to study the spread of post-Christian spirituality ("New Age") in 14 Western countries ( 1981 - 2000, N = 61,352). It demonstrates that this type of spirituality, characterized by a sacralization of the self, has become more widespread during the period 1981 - 2000 in most of these countries. It has advanced farthest in France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Sweden. This spiritual turn proves a byproduct of the decline of traditional moral values and hence driven by cohort replacement. Spirituality's popularity among the well educated also emerges from the latter's low levels of traditionalism. These findings confirm the theory of detraditionalization, according to which a weakening of the grip of tradition on individual selves stimulates a spiritual turn to the deeper layers of the self.},
  author = {Houtman, D. and Aupers, S.},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {305-320},
  title = {The spiritual turn and the decline of tradition: The spread of post-christian spirituality in 14 western countries, 1981-2000},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{beugelsdijk2003participation,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and van Schaik, Ton},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {119-145},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Participation in Civil Society and European Regional Economic Growth},
  year = 2003
}

@article{reeskens2013nationalism,
  abstract = {A spate of work has demonstrated tensions between ethno-cultural diversity and social capital. Some have suggested that attachment to the nation can foster cross-group trust, particularly if this national self-definition is civic in character rather than ethnic (the Miller thesis). Similarly, others have argued that civic nations are less likely to suffer reduced social capital in response to increased diversity, as the sense of threat that typically emerges in ethnically diverse contexts will be mitigated (the Putnam thesis). The authors test these hypotheses on 27 countries using both contextual-level data and the latest wave of the European Values Study (2008). Though the evidence is mixed on civic nationalism, the authors find strong evidence that ethnic nationalism goes hand-in-hand with reduced social capital and that it increases the negative social impact of diversity. So although this study only partially confirms the benefits of civic nationalism, it clearly underlines the costs of its ethnic variety.},
  author = {Reeskens, Tim and Wright, Matthew},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {153-181},
  title = {Nationalism and the Cohesive Society: A Multilevel Analysis of the Interplay Among Diversity, National Identity, and Social Capital across 27 European Societies},
  url = {http://cps.sagepub.com/content/46/2/153.short},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2013
}

@article{rabusic2000spolenost,
  abstract = {Discusses Ronald Inglehart's (1971) way of measuring postmaterialism. After briefly describing the concept of postmaterialism & showing how it is measured in social surveys, the proper indexes are computed, & data from a 1990/91 Czech survey are presented to show that Inglehart's 12-item battery does not work in the Czech environment. By means of Inglehart's original 4-item battery, the distribution & development of materialism & postmaterialism in the Czech Republic, 1991-1999, are described, using additional survey data. Some of the latest discussions between Inglehart & his opponents concerning the validity & reliability of his postmaterialism index are recounted.},
  address = {Praha},
  author = {Rabušic, Ladislav},
  issn = {380288},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {3-22},
  title = {Je česká společnost 'postmaterialistická'?  (Is Czech Society "Postmaterialist"?)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2000
}

@phdthesis{rosta2004vallsossg,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Rosta, Gergely László},
  journal = {Ph. D. thesis},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  publisher = {Corvinus University},
  school = {Corvinus University},
  title = {Vallásosság, politikai attitűdök és szekularizáció Nyugat-Európában},
  type = {Ph. D. thesis},
  url = {http://phd.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/92/01/rosta_gergely.pdf},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{knutsen1996impact,
  abstract = {Relationships between five central value orientations and party choice are examined in a comparative West European setting by using the second wave of the European Values Study from 1990. These orientations comprise two central conflict lines related to the Old Politics model for political cleavages, namely religious/secular and left-right materialist value orientations, and three new sets of value orientation which, according to theories of New Politics, should become important in advanced industrial society. The research problems are: To examine the comparative strength of the impact of the various value orientations on party preference in a comparative West European setting; To examine how voters of different party families are grouped along the various value orientations. Which parties have the most secular or religious, leftist materialist and post-materialist electorate, and are there consistent comparative patterns concerning where the voters for given party families are placed?; To focus upon the impact of the New Politics value conflicts.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Knutsen, Oddbjørn},
  booktitle = {Political Value Change in Western Democracies: Integration, Values, Identification and Participation},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {153-192},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {The Impact of Old Politics and New Politics Value Orientations on Party Choice: A Comparative Study},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@book{elzo1986juventud,
  author = {Elzo, Javier and Orizo, F Andrés and Sabino, A. and al., et},
  isbn = {9788475423517},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 597,
  publisher = {Servicio Central de Publicaciones, Vitoria Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco},
  title = {Juventud vasca 1986: informe sociológico sobre comportamientos actitudes y valores de la juventud},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1986
}

@article{foldary2004exploring,
  address = {Budapest-Piliscsaba},
  author = {Földàry, Mònika and Rosta, Gergely},
  journal = {Sociology of Religion in Hungary},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {8-24},
  publisher = {Pázmány Péter Catholic University},
  title = {Exploring Types of Religiosity},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{tomka2004comparing,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  booktitle = {Religion and patterns of social transformation},
  editor = {Marinovic Jerolimov, Dinka and Zrinscak, Sinisa and Borowik, Irena},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {49-69},
  publisher = {Institute for Social Research},
  title = {Comparing Countries by their Religiosity in Eastern Europe},
  year = 2004
}

@article{kreko2012roots,
  author = {Krekó, Péter},
  journal = {Journal for the Study of Antisemitism},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  title = {Back to the roots: Are Antisemites Still Authoritarians?},
  url = {http://www.jsantisemitism.org/articles/4-2/Kreko(3).pdf},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2012
}

@book{friesl2001experiment,
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Friesl, Christian},
  isbn = {3707601023X, 9783707601039},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 240,
  title = {Experiment Jung-Sein: Die Wertewelt österreichischer Jugendlicher (x- Experiment Being Young. Austria's Youth World of Values)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{andersen2002religionen,
  abstract = {Artiklen gennemgår indledningsvis sociologiske teorier om religiøs forandring. Sekulariseringsteorier, og religionens rolle i moderne samfund diskuteres udfra teorier af bl.a. P. Berger, T. Luckmann, Stark & Bainbridge, E. Durkheim, Karl Marx, Glock & Stark, A. Gidden og Z. Bauman. Hvor de to sidstnævnte forskerers teorier især danner baggrund for de to teser artiklen undersøger, nemlig sekulariseringshypotesen og privatiseringshypotesen. De to teser undersøges eksemplarisk hver for sig med flere teoretiske perspektiver ift. det empiriske materiale, og konklusionerne er til dels overraskende;Religion er med Andersen og Riis ord blevet "privatiseret". Hermed mener de, at den religiøse orientering "skifter fokus fra den institutionelle form til en personlig, åndelig søgen. Denne søgen udelukker ikke nødvendigvis kirken, men den forholder sig ikke til den som en autoritet" (ibid: 90). Forfatterne peger dog på, at det empiriske materiale ikke indeholder "særlig mange indikatorer der er egnede til at belyse netop privatiseringstesen" (ibid: 96). Af samme grund inddrager de den nordiske surveyundersøgelse RAMP fra 1998 (Gustafsson & Pettersson: 2000) til at belyse opfattelsen af kirkernes rolle i samfundet. Det viser sig nemlig, at svarene fra denne undersøgelse kan bruges til at tydeliggøre privatiseringstesen, samtidig med, at den undergraver forestillingen om sekulariseringstesen.Trods forestillinger om, at danskernes værdier ændrer sig hastigt, og har gjort det igennem de sidste 20 år, så viser værdiundersøgelsen, at danskernes religiøse, etiske og familiemæssige "værdier" ikke er i opløsning. Værdierne ligger generelt på et stabilt niveau, men med undtagelse af religion, hvor det viser sig, at religion i løbet af de 20 år er forandret, og nu bliver disponeret på en anden måde; "Det virker som om det danske samfund har bevæget sig i retning af øget religiøs autonomi og religiøs pluralisme" (Gundelach: 97). Det både understøtter og undergraver teorier om henholdsvis det senmoderne (Giddens) og det postmoderne (Bauman).},
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Andersen, P B. and Riis, Ole},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Religionen bliver privat},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{inglehart1997postmaterialist,
  address = {Cambridge MA},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Why People Don't Trust Government},
  editor = {Nye, J S. and Zelikow, P D. and Kling, D C.},
  isbn = {0674940563, 0674940571},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {217-236},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  title = {Postmaterialist Values and the Erosion of Institutional Authority},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@article{dickes2008social,
  author = {Dickes, Paul and Valentova, Marie and Borsenberger, Monique},
  journal = {Statistical Applicata},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-16},
  title = {Social cohesion: Measurement based on the EVS micro-data},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2008
}

@article{venturellichristensen2001litalia,
  author = {Venturelli Christensen, P.},
  journal = {Il Ponte},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 4,
  title = {L'Italia al Lavor},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@article{breen2003setting,
  author = {Breen, M J. and Devereux, Eoin},
  journal = {Journal of Irish-Nordic Studies},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  title = {Setting Up Margins: Public Attitudes and Media Construction of Poverty and Exclusion in Ireland},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2003
}

@article{kankaras2011measurement,
  abstract = {Three distinctive methods of assessing measurement equivalence of ordinalitems, namely, confirmatory factor analysis, differential item functioningusing item response theory, and latent class factor analysis, make differentmodeling assumptions and adopt different procedures. Simulation data areused to compare the performance of these three approaches in detectingthe sources of measurement inequivalence. For this purpose, the authorssimulated Likert-type data using two nonlinear models, one with categoricaland one with continuous latent variables. Inequivalence was set up in theslope parameters (loadings) as well as in the item intercept parameters ina form resembling agreement and extreme response styles. Results indicatethat the item response theory and latent class factor models can relativelyaccurately detect and locate inequivalence in the intercept and slope param-eters both at the scale and the item levels. Confirmatory factor analysis per-forms well when inequivalence is located in the slope parameters butwrongfully indicates inequivalence in the slope parameters when inequiva-lence is located in the intercept parameters. Influences of sample size},
  author = {Kankaraš, Miloš and Vermunt, Jeroen and Moors, Guy},
  journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  title = {Measurement Equivalence of OrdinalItems: A Comparison of Factor Analytic, Item Response Theory, and Latent Class Approaches},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2011
}

@book{pettersson1994scandinavian,
  address = {Stockholm},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Riis, Ole},
  isbn = {9155434118},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 212,
  publisher = {Almqvist & Wiksell International},
  title = {Scandinavian Values: Religion and Morality in the Nordic Countries},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1994
}

@article{verbakel2012subjective,
  abstract = {This study first examines the relationship between partnership status and subjective well-being in 45 European countries by analyzing the European Values Study 2008. It was expected and empirically confirmed that married individuals have the highest level of well-being, followed by (in order) cohabiting, dating, single, and finally widowed and divorced individuals. In addition, this study examines to what extent the well-being gaps depend on the normative climate in which an individual lives. It is hypothesized that: (a) being in a non-married relationship (especially cohabitation and divorce) lowers well-being compared to being married in societies that reject non-traditional partnership statuses; and (b) not having a partner is especially detrimental for well-being levels in familialistic societies, which emphasize the importance of a strong, close-knit family. The normative climate appears to hardly affect well-being gaps between partnership statuses. Only the gap between divorced and married women is significantly wider in familialistic societies. It is concluded that the weak dependence of well-being on the normative climate may point at high autonomy in private, relationship-related decisions.},
  author = {Verbakel, Ellen},
  journal = {European Journal of Population},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {205-232},
  title = {Subjective Well-Being by Partnership Status and Its Dependence on the Normative Climate},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10680-012-9257-2},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2012
}

@article{koster2007globalization,
  abstract = {This article investigates whether the process of globalization through which countries become increasingly interconnected is related to people's intention to help others in society. The willingness to help others may be lower in open countries because of more porous national boundaries and lower social cohesion. On the other hand, the openness of countries can also strengthen local structures and increase the awareness of mutual interdependence. Whether globalization is negatively or positively related to the willingness to help others is assumed to dependent on the social structure of countries. In this article, hypotheses are tested using individual level data from the European Values Study and country level data from the KOF Index of Globalization, the Eurobarometer, and the International Monetary Fund. The combined data set includes 31,554 individuals living in 26 European countries. The multilevel analyses show that economic and social openness are not related to the intention to help the sick and disabled and that the willingness to help immigrants is positively related to economic and social openness. The positive relationship between openness at the national level and the individual citizen's willingness to help immigrants is explained by the social structure of a country; if people receive more positive information about the behaviour of others, they are more willing to help immigrants.},
  author = {Koster, F.},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {537-551},
  title = {Globalization, Social Structure, and the Willingness to Help Others: a Multilevel Analysis Across 26 Countries},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2007
}

@article{lambert2003valeurs,
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  journal = {Les valeurs dans la société française, Millénaire 3 Grand Lyon & Economie & Humanisme},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {87-96},
  title = {Les valeurs religieuses: je veux croire comme je veux},
  year = 2003
}

@book{arts2004european,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 402,
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {European values at the Turn of the Millenium},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{gubert1995litalia,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Gubert, Renzo},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {525-542},
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {L'Italia tra post-modernità e neo-tradizione: un'ipotesi conclusiva non storicista},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{arpino2013fertility,
  abstract = {Using data from the Eurostat Database and European Value Surveys we assess if recent fertility trends in Europe are associated with a change in values. A special emphasis is given to Spain and Italy that, together with the other Southern European countries, are often seen as a homogeneous group sharing the same 'traditional' values and demographic behaviours -as opposed to Scandinavian countries which are seen as progressive. We show that Italy and Spain are not that similar in terms of values. We also show that similarities at the country level with respect to TFR hide considerable variation at the regional level. We argue that an analysis at the regional level, as carried out here, is crucial to better understand changes in fertility levels. Our analyses provide evidence that recent fertility trends are associated with value dynamics, namely that the highest increases in TFR happened in regions where both individualism with respect to relationships and individual autonomy grew at the same time that individualism with respect to children diminished. We also provide empirical evidence in support of McDonald's theory that both gender equity in market-oriented and family-oriented institutions is necessary for fertility to rise.},
  author = {Arpino, Bruno and Tavares, L Patrício},
  journal = {Population Review},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {62-86},
  title = {Fertility and values in Italy and Spain: A look at regional differences within the European context},
  url = {http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/population_review/v052/52.1.arpino.html},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{fritz2013nonstandard,
  abstract = {Non-standard' employment is becoming more common. Fewer people are working full-time and/or have permanent employment contracts; more are working part-time, have fixed-term contracts or are self-employed. Many scholars have pointed to the negative consequences of this development, including 'precarious' forms of employment and in-work poverty. This volume provides a thorough theoretical and empirical analysis of these processes by understanding the 'destandardization' of employment in Europe and the associated modifications in socio-economic regulation both at national and EU level. The book provides country studies of the UK, Spain, Germany, Poland, Croatia, and the Nordic countries and offers comparative European analyses of part-time and fixed-term employment in relation to in-work poverty, exclusion and anomie. Emphasis is on 'best practice' in the governance of non-standard employment. Is there evidence for a new and socially inclusive European employment standard?},
  address = {Basingstoke},
  author = {Fritz, Martin},
  booktitle = {Non-standard employment in Europe},
  editor = {Koch, Max and Fritz, Martin},
  isbn = {9781137267153},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {209-228},
  publisher = {Palgrave-Macmillan},
  series = {Work and Welfare in Europe},
  title = {Non-standard employment and anomie in Europe},
  url = {http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=630171},
  year = 2013
}

@article{campbell2004sources,
  abstract = {The sources of institutional trust are contested in political science. Cultural explanations focusing on engagement in civic activity compete with rationalist theories that link institutional trust with perceptions of economic performance. This article subjects hypotheses derived from these competing explanations to empirical testing, using data from European Values Surveys for East and West Germany. The results cast considerable doubt over the ability of cultural factors to explain institutional trust. Whilst civic engagement is lower in the East than in the West, levels of institutional trust are indistinguishable. Regression analysis shows that cultural factors have a relatively weak impact on attitudes towards political institutions, and that economic performance is a far better model for predicting institutional trust.},
  author = {Campbell, W R.},
  journal = {German Politics},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {401-418},
  title = {The sources of institutional trust in East and West Germany: civic culture or economic performance?},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2004
}

@article{galland1995permanence,
  abstract = {The continuity of longitudinal differences in value systems for various European nations recorded by cross-national surveys of values (1981 & 1990) suggests that these value systems are not converging in a unified European value system. The analysis shows that for one dimension - the modernity/tradition axis - data remain stable in the long run, while a general homothetic slide characterizes another dimension - the social dissatisfaction/integration axis. This shift reflects greater levels of European satisfaction & integration in 1990. The Nordic group appears to be ahead of the Mediterranean-Germanic group in reconciling these two dimensions. Further, it is noted that the role of socioprofessional status & income level is significant in erasing differences between upper & middle/lower classes. While the aging of the population entails a nostalgia for tradition, individuals from each generation emerge more modernist & socially integrated than the preceding generation. 3 Tables, 10 Figures, 5 References. Adapted from the source document.},
  author = {Galland, Oliver and Lemel, Yannick},
  issn = {0337307X},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {113-130},
  title = {La permanence des différences: une comparaison des systèmes de valeurs entre pays européens (The Continuity of Differences: A Cross-National Comparison of European Value Systems)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 200,
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{liedhegener2014religionszugehrigkeit,
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Liedhegener, Antonius and Odermatt, Anastas},
  booktitle = {Europa mit oder ohne Religion? Der Beitrag der Religion zum gegenwärtigen und künftigen Europa},
  editor = {Appel, Kurt and Guanzini, Isabella and Walser, Angelika},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {119-167},
  publisher = {V&R},
  title = {Religionszugehörigkeit in Europa – empirisch. Die «Swiss Meta-database of Religious Affiliation in Europe (SMRE)»},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{breen2003another,
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Breen, M J.},
  booktitle = {Technology & Transcendence},
  editor = {Breen, M J. and Conway, Eamonn and McMilan, Barry},
  isbn = {185607384X},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Columba Press},
  title = {Ask Me Another: An Evaluation of Issues Arising from the European Values Survey in Relation to Questions Concerning Technology & Transcendence},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2003
}

@article{strabac2008antimuslim,
  abstract = {There is widespread interest in understanding anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe, but there is little systematic evidence about the extent and patterns of the prejudice. Using data from the 1999-2000 wave of European Values Study this article examines the extent and determinants of anti-Muslim prejudice in both Western and Eastern Europe. We find that prejudice against Muslims was more widespread than prejudice against other immigrants, and that the effects of individual and country-level predictors of prejudice resemble those found in research on anti-minority prejudice in general. Fairly similar results were obtained for both Eastern and Western Europe, but the aggregate levels of prejudice are higher in the East. Our results imply that Muslims in Europe were particularly prone to becoming targets of prejudice, even before the attacks of September 11. The results give some support to group-conflict theory, mainly with regard to the effects of the unemployment. However, the size of Muslim population in a country does not seem to increase the level of anti-Muslim prejudice.},
  author = {Strabac, Z. and Listhaug, A.},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {268-286},
  title = {Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe: A multilevel analysis of survey data from 30 countries},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2008
}

@book{tomka2005legvallsosabb,
  address = {Piliscsaba},
  annotation = {Place: Budapest},
  author = {Tomka, Miklós},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 176,
  publisher = {TIMP},
  title = {A legvallásosabb ország? Vallásosság Szatmárban, Erdélyben, Romániában. (=The most religious country? Religiousness in Sathmar, in Transylvania, in Romania)},
  year = 2005
}

@book{uhlenwinkel2013teaching,
  address = {Potsdam},
  editor = {Uhlenwinkel, Anke},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 134,
  publisher = {Universitätsverlag Potsdam},
  series = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis (3)},
  title = {Teaching about the family values of Europeans: critical reflections from the third student exchange of the EVE-project},
  year = 2013
}

@article{halman1996ethos,
  annotation = {ISSN 1084-8770},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Ester, P.},
  issn = {10848770},
  journal = {The European Legacy},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {645-651},
  title = {The ethos of individualism in cross-cultural perspective: Exploring the European values data},
  volume = 1,
  year = 1996
}

@article{stovring2012cultural,
  abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the cultural prerequisites for the creation of social cohesion, with particular reference to Denmark, a nation that has been found to exhibit strong social cohesion.Design/methodology/approach: The different cultural elements that characterize a society with strong cohesion are investigated and an argument is presented as to how cohesion can be conserved.Findings: Culture is understood as a social order based on mainly informal norms. Of these, trust is vital in creating social cohesion. However, trust occurs only under specific conditions, and in this regard the Danish nation, understood as a cultural community, is of interest. There is in Denmark a strong civil society characterized by honesty, reliability, and mutuality, which historically is due to the existence of several civil movements. In contrast to the idea that society can be integrated through policy initiatives, it is proposed that social cohesion occurs precisely because of the existence of a certain culture.Originality/value: The cultural and national aspect of trust is often underestimated in scientific research. The paper shows the value of culture and national community.},
  author = {Støvring, Kasper},
  doi = {10.1108/01443331211214721},
  issn = {0144-333X},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {134-152},
  title = {The cultural prerequisites of social cohesion: With special attention to the nation of Denmark},
  url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/01443331211214721},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2012
}

@phdthesis{noordijk2013building,
  abstract = {A culture of accommodation and tolerance is a necessary part of establishing and preserving a functional multi-national and multi-ethnic European Union. Civil society organizations and their associated social capital have been shown to foster civic capacity and achievement of public policy goals. However, social capital that is based on group identity can also contribute to a sense of intolerance towards out-groups, undermining the stated tolerance objectives of the social pillar of the European Union. States with a strong presence alongside civil society are expected to be curb the development of the exclusionary bonding form of social capital in favor of bridging social capital which will improve progress toward policy goals.This study tests the link between government capacity, social capital and tolerance using data from the 1990-2009 waves of the World Values Survey and European Values Study. Using path analysis and multi-level models of the relationships between political capacity, social capital and intolerance, the model establishes that government capacity enhances bridging social capital and which increases social tolerance. The study fills a gap in understanding how government capacity and policy can result in improved social capital even with greater diversity. A proposed relationship between political capacity and bonding forms of social capital was not supported.},
  address = {Portland},
  author = {Noordijk, P Andrew},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  number = 1091,
  pages = 245,
  title = {Building Bridges with Social Capital in the European Union},
  url = {http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1091/},
  year = 2013
}

@article{ester1994empirical,
  author = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek},
  issn = {207659},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {81-110},
  title = {Empirical Trends in Religious and Moral Beliefs in Western Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 24,
  year = 1994
}

@article{kerkhofs1987europa,
  annotation = {also available in French},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Pro Mundi Vita Dossiers},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 2,
  title = {God in Europa (God in Europe)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 28,
  year = 1987
}

@article{neumayer2004environment,
  abstract = {The objectives of this commentary are twofold. The first is to examine the relationship between a party's Position within the left-right political spectrum and its stance on environmental issues, as stated in party manifestos. The second is to examine the relationship between individuals' ideological orientation and pro-environmental beliefs. attitudes and self-reported behavior. Equality, distributional concerns and market skepticism are typically regarded as defining factors of left-wing political orientation. Our results suggest that left-wing parties and individuals are also more pro-environmental than their right-wing counterparts. Ecological economics similarly embraces sustainability, efficient resource allocation and equitable distribution and is skeptical towards the ability of unregulated markets to achieve these objectives. The hypothesis is put forward that ecological economics is more likely to be supported by left-wing parties and individuals. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  author = {Neumayer, E.},
  journal = {Ecological Economics},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {167-175},
  title = {The environment, left-wing political orientation and ecological economics},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2004
}

@article{alfani2012social,
  abstract = {This article analyzes social norms regulating the selection of godparents in Italy and France. Based on Vaticanstatistics and European Values Study responses, the vast majority of children in Catholic Europe are baptizedand birth rituals are considered important even by nonbelievers. Moreover, the dominant custom of selectinggodparents from among kinsmen is a recent development, based on historical data. A new survey about theselection of godparents in Italy and France, conducted for this study, shows that godparents are chosen not forreligious, but for social-relational reasons. Selection of kinsmen is the norm, with uncles and aunts being themajority choice. For Italy, choice determinants are explored by means of multinomial regressions. The results arecontrasted with demographic change to show that in lowest-low fertility countries current godparenthood modelsare bound to disappear.},
  author = {Alfani, Guido and Vitali, Agnese and Gourdon, Vincent},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01659.x},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {482-504},
  title = {Social Customs and Demographic Change: The Case of Godparenthood in Catholic Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01659.x},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2012
}

@article{dogan2005erosion,
  abstract = {The deficit of confidence is attested by a wealth of empirical data. The analysis deals with some nine institutions, political parties, discredit of politicians, the tandem of judges and journalists in denouncing the wrongdoings, the decreasing mistrust between nations as a compensatory trend of mistrust within nations. The countries are ranked according to the level of mistrust, which permeates all social strata. Corruption is an ubiquitous phenomenon in Europe, with few exceptions. Two illustrative emblematic cases are compared; Britain and Italy. In spite of the widespread feeling of mistrust, the legitimacy of democracy remains unchallenged. What types of citizens are needed in advanced democracies? Ignorant, credulous, believers in myths or well informed rationally distrustful citizens? Today democracy is permanently under the supervision of the public, as attested by surveys conducted periodically.},
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {11-54},
  title = {Erosion of Confidence in Thirty European Democracies},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2005
}

@article{brechon2002valeurs,
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {95-128},
  title = {Des valeurs politiques entre pérennité et changement},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{muffels2003european,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Muffels, Ruud},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {433-448},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {One European World of Welfare or Many: The Role of Values, Behavior and Institutions},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{noelleneumann1984glauben,
  address = {Köln},
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth},
  booktitle = {MDG Service: Perspektiven katholischer Publizistik},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {7-51},
  title = {Was glauben die Deutschen? (X- What do the German Believe in?)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1984
}

@incollection{davie1999religion,
  abstract = {This chapter is divided into four sections. The first outlines the facts and figures of religious life in France, underlining the changes that have occurred in the post-war period. The second sets the French situation within the context of western Europe. In many ways France represents a hybrid case: Catholic in culture, its religious indicators display a profile more usually found in the Protestant North. The third section explains in more detail the concept of laicite, an idea more fully developed in France than anywhere else in Europe. The fourth and final section uses a case study to illustrate the persisting tensions within the current situation; it traces the affaire du foulard through the early 1990s, with a particular emphasis on what it means to be a truly tolerant and pluralist society within western Europe at the end of the twentieth century.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Davie, G.},
  booktitle = {Modern France: A Society in Transition},
  editor = {Cook, M. and Davie, G.},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {195-215},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Religion and laïcité},
  year = 1999
}

@article{juknevicius2000lietuviu,
  annotation = {Article is in Lithuanian. Summary in English, p. 522},
  author = {Juknevicius, Stanislovas},
  journal = {Kulturologija},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {192-212},
  title = {Lietuviu moralines vertybes: tarp Dievo ir Mamonos (Moral Values of the Lithuanians: between God and Money)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2000
}

@article{kerkhofs1984young,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Pro Mundi Vita Dossiers Europe-North America},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  title = {Young People and Values in Western Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 27,
  year = 1984
}

@article{dogan1993dclin,
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Revue Internationale des Sciences Sociales},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {208-233},
  title = {Déclin des nationalisme et dynamique des générations en Europe Articles de l'Ouest},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1993
}

@inproceedings{baloban2001pogled,
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  booktitle = {Kršćanska nada na početku novoga stoljeća},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {121-150},
  title = {Pogled na današnju crkvenu praksu, pastoralne strukture i modele (View of the Current Church Practices, Pastoral Structures and Models)},
  type = {Conference Paper},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{francois2014valeurs,
  author = {François, Abel and Berton, R Magni},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {169-188},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Les valeurs ont-elles un sexe? les gender gaps en Europe},
  year = 2014
}

@article{clements2014public,
  abstract = {In this Poll Trends study, 13 different sources are used to document public opinion toward homosexuality and gay rights in Great Britain in the postwar period. Three broad sets of indicators are examined: general attitudes toward homosexuality; acceptability of homosexuals in particular roles; and attitudes toward homosexual rights. Opinion was overwhelmingly negative in the 1940s and 1950s but started to liberalize following the decriminalization of homosexuality in 1967. Attitudes suffered a temporary setback with the advent of AIDS in the mid-1980s, but the thaw resumed from the early 1990s and accelerated following the millennium, especially during the second half of the first decade of the 2000s, culminating in the successful campaign for legalization of same-sex marriage in England and Wales. This trend toward liberalization has direct parallels in growing public support for several other facets of equality in Britain, notably gender, race, and religion. It also coincides with a significant reduction in religious allegiance.},
  author = {Clements, Ben and Clive, F D.},
  issn = {1537-5331},
  journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {523-547},
  title = {Public Opinion toward Homosexuality and Gay Rights in Great Britain},
  url = {http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/content/78/2/523.short},
  volume = 78,
  year = 2014
}

@book{kleiner2013understanding,
  abstract = {This volume brings social science research infrastructures to the foreground and provides a conceptual framework for understanding them. Key common denominators are that they provide public good resources for research, and that they are established to support research for the long-term. Research infrastructures are embedded in research practices and communities, at national and international levels. They enhance the efficiency of the research process as well as fundamental aspects of the scientific method, for example, comparability, replication, and diffusion of knowledge and information. The contributions within this book demonstrate that research infrastructures are triggering a major paradigm shift in the social sciences, with profound effects on the nature of knowledge production within and across disciplines. Indeed, they are in large part responsible for an invisible revolution that is affecting research and researchers in fundamental ways. The focus of this book is on charting and clarifying their functions and their impact with the goal of improving our understanding of their underlying mechanisms, their challenges, and their immense potential for advancing science.},
  address = {Zürich},
  author = {Kleiner, Brian and Renschler, Isabelle and Wernli, Boris and Farago, Peter and Joye, Dominique},
  isbn = {978-3-03777-133-4},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 228,
  publisher = {Seismo Verlag},
  title = {Understanding research infrastructures in the social science},
  url = {http://www.seismoverlag.ch/},
  year = 2013
}

@book{elzo1996valores,
  author = {Elzo, Javier and Ayerbe, Miguel and Buenetxea, Esther and Garmendia, Francisco and González Blasco, Pedro and Larrañaga, Nekane and Santacoloma, Francisco and Setién Santamaría, M Luisa and Silvestre, María},
  isbn = {844571094X, 9788445710944},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 369,
  publisher = {Vitoria-Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco},
  title = {Los valores en la comunidad autónoma del País Vasco Y Navarra. Su evolución en los años 1990-1995},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1996
}

@article{elzo1993jvenes,
  author = {Elzo, Javier},
  issn = {4234847},
  journal = {Estudios de Deusto},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {67-98},
  title = {Jóvenes y religión en España (x- Youth and Religion in Spain)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 41,
  year = 1993
}

@article{baloban2002katholische,
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  journal = {Stimmen der Zeit},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 3,
  pages = {177-182},
  title = {Die Katholische Kirche in Kroatien (The Catholic Church in Croatia)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 127,
  year = 2002
}

@article{tchernia2002valeurs,
  abstract = {Based on the European Value Survey, this article analyzes the economic values held by Europeans. They can be divided into those in favor of market forces vs those concerned with social justice. In Europe, there is almost total consensus in favor of the market economy as well as wide support for a guarantee that everyone's basic needs are covered. However, the author states that within each country exists a divide between supporters of a free market approach to the economy & the supporters of economic redistribution. It appears that the momentary economic situation is the decisive factor both on a national & an individual level. The most economically dynamic countries are those where opinions tend mostly toward a free market; & where individuals, less fortunate in terms of income, tend toward economic redistribution. Other factors are age, gender, political affiliation & level of education.},
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  issn = {0337307X},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {81-93},
  title = {Les valeurs économiques des Européens face à la mondialisation (The Economic Values of Europeans in the Face of Globalization)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@book{galland2007sociologie,
  abstract = {La jeunesse est une catégorie aux contours incertains. À quel âge débute-t-elle, à quel âge finit-elle ? La sociologie montre que la jeunesse est avant tout un passage dont les frontières et la définition ont évolué au cours de lhistoire et se modulent selon les situations sociales. Laffaiblissement des rites de passage, lallongement des transitions professionnelles et la prolongation du temps des expériences qui tendent à repousser toujours plus tard laccès à un plein statut adulte font que la jeunesse se décompose désormais en plusieurs phases  de ladolescence au statut de jeune adulte  que ce livre tente de décrire. Devenu un « classique » du sujet depuis sa parution initiale en 1991, louvrage repère et explique les évolutions significatives entraînées par ce mouvement général de recomposition sociale que la jeunesse subit parfois douloureusement. Cette 5e édition prolonge et approfondit la présentation des résultats européens portant sur les jeunes. Elle actualise également louvrage en présentant les travaux récents ayant porté sur lentrée dans la vie adulte, les valeurs des jeunes, les comportements sexuels et la culture adolescente.},
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  isbn = {9782200270087},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 256,
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  series = {U},
  title = {Sociologie de la jeunesse},
  url = {http://www.armand-colin.com/livre/380857/sociologie-de-la-jeunesse.php},
  year = 2007
}

@techreport{lee2014evaluating,
  abstract = {Making cross-groups comparisons by using survey instruments has raised substantial scholarly concerns due to the potential risk of incomparability resulting from differential item functioning (DIF). However, not every survey item necessarily suffers from DIF. In this paper, we argue that, unlike many other survey items (e.g., political efficacy), the usual question used to measure political interest is likely to be largely immune to DIF. Our theoretical argument centers on the relative specificity of the item and a corresponding cultural homogeneity (at least in advanced democracies) in what it means to be politically interested or not. Utilizing the anchoring vignettes technique (King et al. 2004, King & Wand 2007) in our original surveys in the UK, France, and the Netherlands, we demonstrate the size of DIF is small for the standard political interest question.},
  author = {Lee, Seonghui and Lin, N C.N. and Stevenson, R T.},
  institution = {Rice University},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  pages = {1-29},
  title = {Evaluating the Cross-national Comparability of Survey Measures of Political Interest Using Anchoring Vignettes},
  url = {http://seonghui.lee.web.rice.edu/Research_files/LLS_PolintVign.pdf},
  year = 2014
}

@article{leoncikas2000vertybes,
  annotation = {Article is in Lithuanian. Summary in English, p. 532.},
  author = {Leoncikas, Tadas},
  issn = {9986638194},
  journal = {Kulturologija},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {413-431},
  title = {Vertybes ir visuomenes mazumos (Values and Social Minorities)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2000
}

@article{james2006selfselection,
  abstract = {Suppose we want to know whether the ethics of persons with one characteristic differ from the ethics of persons having another characteristic. Self-selection bias occurs if people have control over that characteristic. When there is self-selection bias, we cannot be sure observed differences in ethics are correlated with the characteristic or are the result of individual self-selection. Self-selection bias is germane to many important business ethics questions. In this paper I explain what self-selection bias is, how it relates to business ethics research, and how to correct for it. I also illustrate the correction process in an empirical analysis of the effect of organizational rank on worker ethics. Using data from the European Values Survey, I find that being a supervisor is positively correlated with worker ethics. However, I also find a negative self-selection effect. Workers with relatively lower ethics are selected into supervisory roles.},
  author = {James, H S.},
  journal = {Business Ethics Quarterly},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {559-577},
  title = {Self-selection bias in business ethics research},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{bartolomeperal2013neighbours,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Bartolomé Peral, Edurne and Ramos, Alice},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {117-141},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Neighbours: determinants of whom Europeans want to keep at a distance},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{auh2008value,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Auh, S Young},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {305-331},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Value Change and Democratization in South Korea},
  year = 2008
}

@book{galland2005jeunes,
  abstract = {Observer et comprendre les valeurs des jeunes Européens, dans une perspective comparative, nous renseigne sur les tendances d'évolutions de nos sociétés. Existe-t-il, chez ces jeunes, un socle de valeurs communes ? Les nouvelles générations introduisent-elles une redéfinition des valeurs ? Pour répondre à ces questions, ce livre s'appuie sur les résultats d'une grande enquête internationale sur les valeurs. Couvrant la quasi-totalité de l'Europe et réalisée à trois reprises, cette enquête permet d'appréhender des changements sur vingt ans, de faire des comparaisons entre jeunes et adultes, entre générations, ainsi qu'entre pays ou groupe de pays. L'Europe centrale et orientale bénéficie d'une attention particulière dans le cadre de chapitres sur l'Union européenne élargie ou comparant les pays d'Europe de l'Est et de l'Ouest. Résultat d'un travail d'équipe, l'ouvrage réunit les contributions d'une dizaine de spécialistes d'un domaine de valeurs, qui constituent au final un large ensemble : valeurs politiques, religieu-ses, économiques ; valeurs liées au travail, à la sociabilité, aux normes sociales ; valeurs individualistes, démocratiques ou écologistes ; valeurs des jeunes femmes et des jeunes hommes ; sentiment d'appartenance territorial ; valeurs des jeunes Italiens ou des jeunes Français... Autant de thèmes qui permettent de dresser un panorama stimulant de la jeunesse européenne.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Galland, Olivier and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {9782707145703},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 324,
  publisher = {La Découverte},
  series = {Recherches},
  title = {Les jeunes européens et leurs valeurs. Europe occidentale, Europe centrale et orientale},
  url = {http://www.editionsladecouverte.fr/catalogue/index-Les_jeunes_Europeens_et_leurs_valeurs-9782707145703.html},
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{lesthaeghe1995living,
  abstract = {Data from the 1990 European Values Surveys concerning West Germany, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, are used to examine how various factors affect living arrangements and family building patterns. The factors considered include religion, educational and socioeconomic status, and the cultural components of conservatism.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Lesthaeghe, Ron and Moors, Guy},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {217-250},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Living Arrangements and Parenthood: Do Values Matter?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{welzel2007democratization,
  abstract = {This article describes a model that considers the emergence and florescence of democracies as something embedded in a more encompassing evolutionary process. Democratization in this light is the institutional component of a broader process of human development that promotes people empowerment on various fronts. In this process increasing individual resources give rise to emancipative values that in turn release democratizing social pressures.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Welzel, Christian},
  booktitle = {Measuring and Mapping Cultures: 25 Years of Comparative Value Surveys},
  editor = {Esmer, Yilmaz and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  isbn = {9004158200},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {155-186},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Democratization in the Human Development Perspective},
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{halman1996shifting,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {Political value change in western democracies. Integration, values, identification, and participation},
  editor = {Halman, L. and Nevitte, N.},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {261-284},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {The shifting soures of morality: From religion to postmaterialism?},
  year = 1996
}

@book{tomasi1993young,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Tomasi, Luigi},
  editor = {Tomasi, Luigi},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 195,
  publisher = {Reverditi Edizioni},
  title = {Young People and Religions in Europe: Persistance and Change in Values},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1993
}

@article{leurent2013spiritual,
  abstract = {Background Several studies have reported weak associations between religious or spiritual belief and psychological health. However, most have been cross-sectional surveys in the USA, limiting inference about generalizability. An international longitudinal study of incidence of major depression gave us the opportunity to investigate this relationship further.Method Data were collected in a prospective cohort study of adult general practice attendees across seven countries. Participants were followed at 6 and 12 months. Spiritual and religious beliefs were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression was made using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Logistic regression was used to estimate incidence rates and odds ratios (ORs), after multiple imputation of missing data.Results The analyses included 8318 attendees. Of participants reporting a spiritual understanding of life at baseline, 10.5% had an episode of depression in the following year compared to 10.3% of religious participants and 7.0% of the secular group (p < 0.001). However, the findings varied significantly across countries, with the difference being significant only in the UK, where spiritual participants were nearly three times more likely to experience an episode of depression than the secular group [OR 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59-4.68]. The strength of belief also had an effect, with participants with strong belief having twice the risk of participants with weak belief. There was no evidence of religion acting as a buffer to prevent depression after a serious life event.Conclusions These results do not support the notion that religious and spiritual life views enhance psychological well-being.},
  author = {Leurent, B. and Nazareth, I. and Bellón-Saameño, J. and Geerlings, M.-I. and Maaroos, H. and Saldivia, S. and Svab, I. and Torres-González, F. and Xavier, M. and King, M.},
  journal = {Psychological Medicine},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {2109-2120},
  title = {Spiritual and religious beliefs as risk factors for the onset of major depression: an international cohort study},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8988733&fileId=S0033291712003066},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2013
}

@article{dogan2003mfiance,
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Revue Internationale de politique comparée},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {415-432},
  title = {Méfiance et corruption: Discrédit des Elites Politiques},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2003
}

@book{halman1987traditie,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Heunks, Felix and de Moor, Ruud and Zanders, Harry},
  isbn = {9036198410},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 392,
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Traditie, Secularisatie en Individualisering: Een Studie naar de Waarden van de Nederlanders in een Europese Context (x- Tradition, Secularization and Individualization. A Study of Dutch Values in a European Context)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1987
}

@incollection{vilacy2012portugal,
  address = {Farnham},
  author = {Vilacy, Helena},
  booktitle = {The Social Significance of Religion in the Enlarged Europe: Secularization, Individualization and Pluralization},
  editor = {Pollack, Detlef and Müller, Olaf and Pickel, Gert},
  isbn = {978-1-4094-2621-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {77-93},
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  title = {Portugal: secularization and religious vitality of the roman catholic church in a southern European country},
  url = {http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409426219},
  year = 2012
}

@article{jo2013asian,
  author = {Jo, N K.},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {East Asian culture? Aspects of the cultural context for policy-making in Japan and Korea and their policy implications from a comparative perspective with the Western welfare state},
  url = {http://www.social-policy.org.uk/lincoln2012/Jo%20P5.pdf},
  year = 2013
}

@inproceedings{gavrilovic2012dynamics,
  abstract = { Due to rapid social changes, Serbia faces an enhanced dynamics of identities and their alteration, appearance of new and disappearance of old identities, as well as oscillations in the emotional legitimacy attributed to these identities. Apart from global social processes, the specificities of the Serbian transitional society also play an important role in the creation of identity matrices. This paper deals with these changes in the identity map of Serbia, trying to determine the types of present identities, their dynamics, and emotional legitimacy attributed to them by the respondents, and analyzing the results of the research conducted in the period from 2007 to 2011: Culture of Peace, Identities and Interethnic Relations in Serbia and in the Balkans in the Process of European Integration (Centre for Sociological Research of the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš, 2007; European Value Survey, 2008; Cultural Practice of Population in Serbia (Institute for the Study of Cultural Development); Social and Cultural Capital in Serbia (Centre for the Empirical Study of Culture, 2011). The authors’ intention is to capture the change, tendency, process – the dynamics of “old” (ethnic, religious) and “new” (professional, civil) identity. Family identity can occur both in a traditional and modern form, therefore we are also going to deal with the issue of family identification in order to recognize the dominant model in Serbia. Although identities have to be “fixed” to a certain extent, still the identification of the individual and collective creation is a living process which reacts to current social happenings.},
  author = {Gavrilović, Danijela and Stjepanović Zaharijevski, Dragana},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from the International scientific conference},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {275-283},
  title = {Dynamics of Identities in Transitional Serbia},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2012
}

@article{dogan1997declino,
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Queste Istituzioni},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {101-126},
  title = {Il Declino del Voto di Classe e del Voto Religioso in Europa Occidentale},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{jagodzinski1995religious,
  abstract = {The argument that ethical pluralism requires new forms of governmental process to manage a changed consensus about fundamental societal values and norms rests on a key premiss that there really exists a pluralism of religious beliefs and ethical norms in modern societies. This chapter examines the evidence for this premiss, and concludes that while it does reveal a tendency towards increasing religious and ethical pluralism, the trend is by no means as universal as has often been suggested. Furthermore, it is ambiguous whether disparities between religious and ideological groups will assist or hinder democratic governability.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Jagodzinski, Wolfgang and Dobbelaere, Karel},
  booktitle = {The Impact of Values},
  editor = {van Deth, J W. and Scarbrough, Elinor},
  isbn = {0198279574, 0198294751},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {218-249},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Religious and Ethical Pluralism},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{verbakel2010comparative,
  abstract = {This study explores explanations for the approval of euthanasia by assessing differences among individuals and countries, using four main arguments used by opponents and proponents in the public debate over euthanasia. We performed multilevel analysis on data from thirty-three countries, obtained from the European Values Study 1999/2000 and the World Values Survey 2000; we enriched these data with country-specific information. First, our results supported the hypothesis based on the religion argument: religious people and people living in a religious context are more strongly opposed to euthanasia. In addition, Protestants and people living in Protestant countries have more favorable attitudes toward euthanasia than do Catholics and people living in Catholic countries. Second, we found support for the hypothesis derived from the slippery slope argument: fear that euthanasia will be abused resulted in people from vulnerable groups and people living in countries with low-responsive health care systems being more opposed to euthanasia. Third, as the autonomy-hypothesis predicted, highly educated people and people who highly value autonomy as well as people living in a country with a stronger than average attachment to autonomy show a more favorable attitude toward euthanasia. Fourth, while the death with dignity argument predicts that people who witness unbearable suffering in their personal or national environment are more favorable toward euthanasia, our results show only weak support. Furthermore, cross-level interaction tests showed that national contexts are, to some extent, able to decrease the differences between groups in society in terms of their response to euthanasia.},
  author = {Verbakel, E. and Jaspers, E.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {109-139},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {A Comparative Study on Permissiveness Toward Euthanasia: Religiosity, Slippery Slope, Autonomy, and Death with Dignity},
  volume = 74,
  year = 2010
}

@article{luchau2012socioeconomic,
  abstract = {The national churches of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden have all witnessed a steady decline in membership over the past 1020 years. While there are several studies of disaffiliation from the Lutheran national churches in Finland, Norway and Sweden there are no such studies for Denmark. Using hitherto unseen data from Danish governmental databases, this paper analyses statistics relating to individuals who disaffiliated from the Danish national church from 2002 to 2007. These disaffiliates are compared to members of the Danish national church on socioeconomic variables such as age, urbanisation, education, gender and income. The disaffiliates tended to be younger, urban, well-educated, male and fairly well-off. This fits well with theories of secularization. It also shows that the socio-economic variables determining the tendency to disaffiliate from a national church are the same in Denmark as in Finland, Sweden and Norway.},
  author = {Lüchau, Peter and Andersen, P B.},
  journal = {Nordic Journal of Religion and Society},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {27-45},
  title = {Socio-economic factors behind disaffiliation from the Danish national church},
  url = {http://tapir.pdc.no/pdf/NJRS/2012/2012-01-2.pdf},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2012
}

@article{gundelach1994national,
  abstract = {A theoretical explanation other than modernization theory for the diverse value profiles in European countries emerging from the 1990 European Values Survey is pursued. Countries are characterized by different social institutions in the areas of family, the welfare state, & nationalism, & the impact of these characteristics on values is examined. Per regression analyses at the country level, the % of women in paid jobs is negatively correlated with the degree of traditional authoritarian familism, & the % of Catholics is positively correlated with familism. Decommodification predicts the type of welfare state, but the relationship between that type & values is complex. The level of national pride in a society is predicted by its religious & cultural homogeneity, not by the economic factors that modernization theory would propose. Analysis shows that these important types of values cannot be condensed, nor can countries be ordered on traditional-modern dimensions without loss of explanatory power.-------------All research shows substantial between-country differences in values. How can these be explained? This article argues that a social institution's approach is more effective than the often-used modernization theory to explain value differences among countries. The analysis is based on European data from the European Values Study Group's surveys in 1990. It is shown that familism is best explained by examining particular denominations, that dominate a country. Welfare-state values are explained by the character of the welfare state and nationalistic values by the heterogeneity of the nation. The result is a picture of fragmentation of values among the European countries based on fundamental institutional arrangements in the various countries, the conclusion being that it cannot be expected that it is possible to create common European values.},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  issn = {207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {37-58},
  title = {National Value Differences: Modernization or Institutionalization},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 35,
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{jagodzinski1995skularisierung,
  address = {Opladen},
  author = {Jagodzinski, Wolfgang},
  booktitle = {Die deutsche Gesellschaft in vergleichender Perspektive. Festschrift für E.K. Scheuch zum 65. Geburtstag},
  editor = {Reuband, K. and Pappi, F U. and Best, H.},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {261-285},
  publisher = {Westdeutscher Verlag},
  title = {Säkularisierung und religiöser Glaube. Rückgang traditioneller Religiosität und religiöser Pluralismus in Westeuropa},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@book{orizo1984espaa,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Orizo, A Francisco},
  isbn = {8471001438, 9788471001436},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {MAPFRE S.A.},
  title = {España, entre la apatia y el cambio social},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1984
}

@incollection{inglehart1998political,
  abstract = {ABSTRACT OF THE BOOK:The problem of establishing equivalence in order to compare the same concepts or phenomena in different settings is common for researchers in comparative politics. Despite the importance of the problem there are few strategies to deal effectively with it. Comparative Politics tackles the issues involved and explores strategies to deal with many of the problems of establishing equivalence. Each contribution focuses on a theoretically relevant theme, such as tolerance, political values, religious orientations, gender roles, voluntary associations, party organisations, party positions, democratic regimes, and the mass media. Each chapter covers different topics, methods, data or countries, making use of previously unpublished empirical research to show the problems of finding similar or identical indicators in realistic research settings. This useful study reveals the potential for pragmatic solutions to the problems of establishing equivalence. Many ot the strategies used show how the complicated search for equivalence can unearth substantial additional information which can enhance the quality and reliability of any research.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Comparative Politics: The Problem of Equivalence},
  editor = {van Deth, J W.},
  isbn = {415192455},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {61-85},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Political Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {http://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/publications/books/CompPol.html},
  year = 1998
}

@article{abela1995youth,
  abstract = {Investigates the relationship among youth, religion, & community care in Malta through a comparative analysis of the European Values Surveys conducted there in 1983 (N = 467) & 1991 (N = 393). The impact of socioeconomic development on young people's religious & social values is also explored. A change in youth religiosity over the last decade is examined, particularly its link to community care in Malta relative to other West European countries. Though no clear evidence is found of a decline in church attendance or adherence to belief, a significantly growing % of Maltese youth see themselves as nonreligious. It is suggested that socioeconomic change has had an ambivalent impact on their attitudes. Social intolerance is seen as rising among young churchgoers, in detriment to community care, but this is interpreted as a passing phase. A European trend toward individualized sprituality seems to have caught on, but on a smaller scale. 3 Tables, 10 References. Adapted from the source document.},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  issn = {377686},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {59-67},
  title = {Youth, Religion and Community Care in Malta},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 42,
  year = 1995
}

@article{abela1993valori,
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {La Civiltà Cattolica},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {260-269},
  title = {Valori per il futuro di Malta},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 3429,
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{huseby1995identification,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Huseby, B Margrethe and Listhaug, Ola},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {137-162},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Identification of Norwegians With Europe: The Impact of Values and Centre-Periphery Factors},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@phdthesis{hmadoun2013religion,
  abstract = {For researchers working in the field, "economics of religion" traces back all the way to Adam Smith but for others this new sub-discipline only emerged in the 70's to really breakthrough in 1998 with lannaccone's preliminary review in the Journal of Economic Literature. Being mostly an American enterprise, this dissertation is one of the first in Europe to be entirely devoted to this research area. It comprises a selection of papers that deal with the influence of religion on economic preferences and a literature review. The main contribution is empirical, i.e. to show if and to what extent religion plays a role in key microeconomic choices for work, cooperation and saving. The first chapter briefly discusses the history of economics of religion and its main discussion topics. It also includes the main theoretical framework for the empirical analyses in subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 looks into the relationship between women's female labor force participation and their individual religiosity, with both World Values Survey (2005-2008) and European Values Study (2008) data. The analysis suggests that the gap in religious and non-religious women's work decision is influenced by countries' social norms with respect to working women (probably the result of the religious heritage), more so than by their own individual religiosity. Chapter 3 focuses on religion and attitudes toward free riding and fraud, using the same WVS and EVS data. Evidence is found of a significant and positive correlation between belief in God and the disapproval of cheating on taxes, falsely claiming government benefits, free riding on public transport and bribery. No clear results are found for religious participation, nor the image of God dominant in particular cultures which according to Stark (2001) should matter. The final chapter is a treatment of intertemporal trade-offs, and studies the extent to which religiosity affects individual time preferences with original web-survey data. Religious upbringing turns out to have a significant effect only in a few cases, and associated with higher time preferences contrary to previous findings. A closer examination reveals that the higher average discount rate can be almost entirely attributed to the Muslim respondents.},
  address = {Antwerp},
  author = {H'madoun, Maryam},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  pages = 153,
  title = {Religion and Economic Preferences},
  url = {http://anet.ua.ac.be/desktop/irua/core/index.phtml?language=&euser=&session=&service=opacirua&robot=&deskservice=desktop&desktop=irua&workstation=&extra=loi=c:irua:105676},
  year = 2013
}

@article{halman1992godsdienst,
  abstract = {Using interview data from the European Values Surveys of 1981 & 1990, a contrastive analysis is given of adherence to traditional religions in Belgium & the Netherlands. In both countries, increasing secularization can be seen in terms of a decline in religiosity, traditional belief, & confidence in the churches. From 1981 to 1990, the % of Belgians with no religious preference climbed from 18% to 32%, & in the Netherlands, from 36% to 49%. Although the secularization process appears to be converging in both countries, a key difference remains, in that church-going Dutch are more likely to be highly involved with their parish than are church-going Belgians.},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Dobbelaere, Karel and de Moor, Ruud and Voyé, Liliane},
  issn = {380334},
  journal = {Sociologische Gids},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = {5-6},
  pages = {285-299},
  title = {Godsdienst en Kerk in België en Nederland (Religion and Church in Belgium and the Netherlands)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 39,
  year = 1992
}

@techreport{halman1996morality,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L. and Petterson, T.},
  institution = {Tilburg University. Work and Organization Research Centre},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  series = {WORC Paper},
  title = {Morality and religion : a weakened relationship?},
  volume = 4,
  year = 1996
}

@incollection{lambert1995francia,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {473-496},
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {La Francia: valori carenti di idealit.àe trascendenza},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{mares1994values,
  address = {London/New York},
  author = {Mareš, P. and Rabušic, L. and Musil, L.},
  booktitle = {The New Great Transformation? Change and Continuity in East-Central Europe},
  editor = {Bryant, C G. and Mokryzcki, F.},
  isbn = {0-415-09249-3},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {78-98},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Values and the welfare state in Czechoslovakia},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{kalmijn2003country,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Kalmijn, Matthijs},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {311-337},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Country Differences in Sex-role Attitudes: Cultural and Economic Explanations},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{dobbelaere1995religione,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {125-171},
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {Religione e valori morali in Europa e nell America settentrionale},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{barker1993values,
  address = {Berkhamstead},
  author = {Barker, D G.},
  booktitle = {Volunteering in Europe},
  editor = {Davis-Smith, Justin},
  isbn = {1897708505, 9781897708507},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {10-31},
  publisher = {The Volunteer Centre},
  title = {Values and Volunteering},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1993
}

@phdthesis{swift2012reexamining,
  abstract = {This paper reexamines the effects of state religion on religious service attendance across countries. Using attendance data from the World Values Survey and Gallup World Poll, it pays special attention to the variables used for state religion, regulation of religion, and government favoritism toward religion. Because this analysis uses a larger set of data than has been used in many previous studies, it provides a more representative sample of countries and sheds some light on how particular state religions may affect attendance. Results suggest a complex relationship between religious service attendance and various measures of state religion, not the simple negative relationship found in prior literature.},
  author = {Swift, Matthew},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  pages = 47,
  title = {Reexamining the Effects of State Religion on Religious Service Attendance},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8327},
  year = 2012
}

@article{lee2013engaging,
  abstract = {Previous empirical work on corruption has generally been cross-country in nature and focused on utilizing country-level corruption ratings. By using micro-level data for over 20 European countries that directly measure individual characteristics, corruption experiences, gender roles, trust and values to examine the determinants of corruption, this paper goes beyond the search for associations between various macro factors and perceptions of corruption that is prevalent in the economic literature. One focus of the paper is on how cultural norms such as gender roles and risk preferences influence corruption and whether there are gender differences in the determinants of corruption. In addition, this paper also seeks to determine if there are contagion effects in corruption at the microlevel. Using a seemingly unrelated probit approach, this paper provides empirical estimates of how past experiences with corruption affects both how bribery is viewed and the actual act of offering a bribe.},
  author = {Lee, Wang-Sheng and Guven, Cahit},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Psychology},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {287-300},
  title = {Engaging in corruption: The influence of cultural values and contagion effects at the microlevel},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487013001128},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2013
}

@article{venturellichristensen2001danesi,
  author = {Venturelli Christensen, P.},
  journal = {Il Ponte},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 1,
  title = {I Danesi ed il Lavor},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.ilponte.dk/ottobre2001.htm},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{ester1993value,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {903619993X},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {1-20},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Value Shift in Western Societies},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{dobbelaere1995religious,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel and Jagodzinski, Wolfgang},
  booktitle = {The Impact of Values},
  editor = {van Deth, J W. and Scarbrough, Elinor},
  isbn = {0198279574, 0198294751},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {197-217},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  series = {Beliefs in Government},
  title = {Religious Cognitions and Beliefs},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{voicu1999legitimitatea,
  author = {Voicu, M.},
  journal = {Revista de Cercetări Sociale},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {70-98},
  title = {Legitimitatea politicilor de suport pentru femei în societatea românească. Între cratită si Parlament (Between Kitchen and Parliament; The Legitimacy of the Social Policies for Women in Romania)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://bibliotecadesociologie.ro/download/voicu-malina-1999-legitimitatea-politicilor-de-suport-pentru-femei-in-societatea-romaneasca-intre-cratita-si-parlament-revista-de-cercetari-sociale-3-4-70-98/?wpdmdl=698},
  volume = {3-4},
  year = 1999
}

@article{nergard1985religisitet,
  author = {Nergård, T B. and Skjørshammer, Morten},
  issn = {3559769},
  journal = {Tidsskrift for nordisk alkoholforskning},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  title = {Religiøsitet og bruk av alkohol, i Alkoholpolitik},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 3,
  year = 1985
}

@book{tomka2004ateizmu,
  address = {Lviv},
  author = {Tomka, Miklos and Turij, Oleg},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 226,
  publisher = {Institut Istorii^Ukrainskogo Katolits'kogo Universitetu},
  title = {Vira pislâ ateizmu : religijne žittâ v Ukrajni v period demokratičnih peretvoren' i deržavnoj nezaležnosti. (= Faith after Atheism. Religious Life in the Ukraine in the Period of Democratic Transformation and National Independence.)},
  year = 2004
}

@article{costa2003civic,
  author = {Costa, D L. and Kahn, M E.},
  journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {103-111},
  title = {Civic Engagement and Community Heterogeneity: An Economist's Perspective},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2003
}

@article{baloban2000bitne,
  abstract = {The introduction to the article begins with some empirical information. The last decade in Croatia has seen an increase in liberalisation in the spheres of marital, family and sexual life, which has contributed to a crumbling of the institutions of marriage and the family. The divorce rate increased from 1965 until it stabilised in the 1980s - in Croatia every sixth (or in some years every fifth) marriage ends in divorce. Performs of communal living other than classical marriage there are no reliable statistics available. External factors (relatives, the Church and society) no longer guarantee the stability of marriage, but rather marital partners themselves must find their own motivation and basis for a stable marriage. Therefore, it is necessary to observe marriage within the context of changes in values in general, as well as in relation to Christian, or evangelical values. The article is in two parts. The first part analyses essential values according to a ranked list, which has been obtained from the 1999 European Values Study. Altogether, 16 values have been arranged in order by percentages obtained for the responses »very important« and »important«, 10 values have been analysed in more detail. In the second part of the article, latent values are analysed by method of factor analysis and four constructed indexes (orientation towards community, bond with partner, socio-cultural homogeneity and self-sufficiency). The article contains 21 tables. The most important values according to Croatian citizens are: mutual respect and appreciation; fidelity; understanding and tolerance; readiness to discuss problems that arise between husband and wife: children. Following this group of values in degree of importance are: frequent discussion of common interests; a good sex life; spending a lot of time together. The third group contains: living separately from parents; adequate income; sharing household tasks; good living conditions. The fourth and final group comprises; shared religious beliefs; being the same nationality; being from the same social class; shared political beliefs. The remarkably high percentage of respondents who rate the first five values cited as important, shows that these are key values for Croatian citizens. The fact that these values are an expression of individttalisation shows that Croatian citizens are highly individualised. Children as a key value (94,9% of respondents consider children to be an important value) are included in the first category. A »good sex life« is also ranked highly, in seventh place (93,8%). Some of the died values have been analysed along with a set of socio-demographic variables.Although the value mutual respect and appreciation is considered to be very important by the whole population, it still means more to women than to men, particularly women in the 18 to 34 age group. Fidelity as a deep anthropological and at the same time fundamental Christian value, is of more importance to those in whose life God plays a more significant role, t? women, and to those who more regularly attend mass. 4/5 of regular churchgoers and two thirds of the rest consider fidelity to be »very important«, from which the authors conclude that these values are supra-confessional and supra-worldview, although they receive particular emphasis and confirmation among believers. Almost all respondents (99,3%) ranked understanding and tolerance as very important to the success of a marriage. The authors also warn that this value is highly ranked, independent of its concrete realisation. And here women, especially younger generations, show a higher sensibility than men. The importance of a functional and stable marriage to Croatian citizens is shown by the results that 98.9% of respondents consider ability and willingness to discuss mutual problems to be an important value. Its high ranking reveals that it is more important to younger respondents, to respondents living in bigger cities, and to those more highly educated. 94.9% of respondents consider having children to be important to a marriage. According to the research done in Croatia in 1977, 91.1% of respondents said the same, and this value was in fourth place. This value is analysed in another article.The second group consists of three values. Only one has been analysed. Particular attention should be paid to the »important« and »very important« categories for speaking about common interests. It is interesting to note that the younger portion of the population more frequently classifies this value as »very important«. Furthermore, the importance of this value increases parallel to age group. While 37.5% of the oldest generation rate this value as »very important«, 50.3% of the youngest generation choose the same rating.In the final group of four values which can together be considered within the context of cultural homogeneity, three are analysed; having the same religious beliefs, being the same nationality, agreement on political matters. For this group of values, two interpretations need to be taken into consideration. On the one hand, citizens do not consider these values to play as crucial a role in the success of a marriage as the preceding values. On the other hand, the percentage of respondents showing an affiliation for these values must not be underestimated. For example, 65.8% of respondents rate shared religious beliefs as an important value. This conviction is particularly important to regular and periodical churchgoers. It is less important to occasional churchgoers, and least important to non-churchgoers of which 2/3 rate this value as important. Sharing the same religious beliefs is more important to the older than the younger generations. More than 55% of Croatian citizens consider being the same nationality to be important for a successful marriage, and 43.2% rate it as not important. Being the same nationality is rated as important by the majority of regular and periodical churchgoers, while every second occasional churchgoer and every third non churchgoer rates this value as important. For nearly one third of those who attend mass monthly or more often, this value is rated as unimportant. It is important to consider this value within the historical-social and socio-political matrix of the last decade. Having the same social background is no longer as important as it used to be, however, it has not lost its importance altogether if 1/3 of respondents rate it as important for a successful marriage. It is of particular interest that agreement on political matters is the least important value for Croatian citizens. 83.6% of the younger generations consider this value to be unimportant for a successful marriage, while 29.0% of the oldest generation consider this value to be important.By factor analysis four factors were obtained. Orientation towards community is an important factor for a portion of the population. A sense of community does not occur unilaterally, but through bilateral communication between husband and wife. Community is a dynamic, dialogical and tolerant duad. Therefore, this factor comprises: spending time together; speaking about common interests; sharing household tasks; discussing common problems in the relationship, in the second factor, bond with partner, children are included as an important element of a successful marriage. The third factor, socio-cultural homogeneity, comprises the following variables: shared religious beliefs; shared social and national background; agreement on political matters. The socio-cultural context in Croatia is an interesting one given that the first three values are traditional and are more or less confessionally and nationally a reflection of a homogenous environment. Their importance is decreasing now, but is not entirely negligible, as in the last ten years they gained in importance as a result of the war. Authors call the fourth factor self-sufficiency, because it focuses on the specific needs of the autocracy of married life, as a condition for the success of a marriage. In this factor, the Croatian population follows European trends, which are: as much distance as possible from parents; personal and marital financial independence; good living conditions, and these values for many gradually transform themselves from the desired ideal into concrete reality.The authors conclude that in Croatia there is a slight increase in the importance of values connected with love, in other words with the bond between marital partners. They believe that the high rating of the above-mentioned values should be observed from two points of view: on the one hand optimistically, because these values contain human ideals, and on the other hand, social reluctance towards these values essential to people and marriage leads to a lot of personal and marital frustration. They emphasise the need to revitalise asceticism (in education and acceptance of values) which adds a new interpretation suitable for contemporary times. In the end, they point out that among essential contemporary and Christian values there is a deep connection, either transparent or latent, which provides an opportunity for the Church to influence the relationship between marital partners.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip and Črpić, Gordan},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {313-341},
  title = {Bitne vrednote za uspješan brak u Hrvatskoj (Essential Values for a Succesful Marriage in Croatia)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@article{dogan2009lgitimit,
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Revue Internationale des Sciences Sociales},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 196,
  title = {La légitimité politique : Nouveaux critères et anachronismes des théories classiques},
  year = 2009
}

@article{brechon2006valeurs,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Rue Saint Guillaume},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 144,
  pages = {36-38},
  title = {Les valeurs des Européens: montée de l'individualisation},
  year = 2006
}

@misc{torgler2012values,
  author = {Torgler, Benno},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Work values in western and eastern Europe},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{dekker1996volunteering,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Dekker, Paul and van den Broek, Andries},
  booktitle = {Political Value Change in Western Democracies: Integration, Values, Identification and Participation},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {125-152},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European Values Study},
  title = {Volunteering and Politics: Involvement in Voluntary Associations from a 'Civic Culture' Perspective},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@incollection{listhaug2004civic,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Listhaug, Ola and Ringdal, Kristen},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 7,
  pages = {341-362},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Civic Morality in Stable, New, and Half-hearted Democracies},
  year = 2004
}

@techreport{halman1997northsouth,
  author = {Halman, L. and Petterson, T.},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  school = {Tilburg University. Work and Organization Research Centre},
  series = {WORC Paper},
  title = {A North-South divide in basic value profiles? Comparative analyses of values among the mass publics in northern protestant and southern catholic European countries},
  volume = 6,
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{halman1995individualization,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {297-316},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Individualization and Value Fragmentation},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{stam2013explaining,
  abstract = {This paper presents unique descriptive and explanatory analyses of cross-national variation in work ethic in 44 European countries (European Values Study 2008). A strong work ethic is the conviction that people have a moral duty to work. To explain differences in the adherence of the work ethic between countries two alternative theories are tested: modernisation theory and social institutional theory. Modernisation theory hypothesises that richer, more highly educated and urbanised countries have a weaker work ethic. Alternatively, social institutional theory predicts that countries' religious heritage, generosity of the welfare state and political history can explain differences in work ethic between countries. Multilevel regression models on an unprecedented set of 44 countries show that the modernisation hypotheses are supported. With regard to institutions, it is shown that work ethic is stronger in countries with an Islamic and Orthodox heritage as compared to a Protestant and Catholic heritage and in ex-communist countries and countries with less generous welfare states. When both theories are tested simultaneously, variance decomposition suggests that social institutional theory has more explanatory power than modernisation theory. Religious heritage is shown to be the most important factor to explain variation in work ethic between countries. Thus, although our modern societies become increasingly secularised, religious heritage still impacts our norms and values about work in a significant manner.},
  author = {Stam, Kirsten and Verbakel, Ellen and De Graaf, P M.},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2012.726734},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {268-289},
  title = {Explaining variation in work ethic in Europe},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616696.2012.726734#.U1YkCvl_vuI},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2013
}

@book{gubert1997specificit,
  abstract = {Alla crescente integrazione economica globale, all'appiattirsi delle contrapposizioni politico-ideologiche, al trionfo della razionalità tecnologica si affianca in questi nostri tempi, in forme e modi diversi sull'intera scena mondiale, il riproporsi con nuova intensità di istanze legate all'identità regionale e locale.La sociologia non può limitarsi a registrare e documentare il fenomeno, ma deve interrogarsi, utilizzando gli strumenti che le sono propri, sul fondamento che tali pretese di specificità hanno nel riferirsi a valori comunemente sentiti. L'obiettivo dell'approfondita ricerca di cui questo volume rende conto è rilevare e comparare, nel quadro di un ampio complesso di indagini condotte a livello nazionale sui valori degli europei, i tratti distintivi dell'essere e del sentirsi trentini.Le aree tematiche considerate sono quelle classiche delle inchieste sui valori (il senso della vita, il trascendente, l'etica, la famiglia, il lavoro, la politica), con l'aggiunta di una particolare attenzione alle dimensioni dell'identità e dell'autonomia locale.L'analisi è condotta con un puntuale e sistematico confronto tra gli intervistati trentini e i loro vicini, italiani e non; approfondendo poi le differenze interne alla provincia, tra aree distinte sotto il profilo della localizzazione geografica, dell'origine etnica, delle influenze culturali, della dimensione dell'insediamento; verificando infine le relazioni tra le variabili di posizione sociale e gli orientamenti di valore espressi.All'interesse che tale tipo di indagini riscuote si aggiunge, nel caso specifico del Trentino, la particolare rilevanza che vi assumono una radicata tradizione di autonomia, la presenza di forze politiche che ne traggono la propria ragion d'essere, la contiguità e la profonda interazione con il mondo culturale tedesco.},
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Gubert, Renzo},
  editor = {Gubert, Renzo},
  isbn = {9788846403261},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 720,
  publisher = {Franco Angeli},
  title = {Specificità culturale di una regione alpina nel contesto Europeo. Indagina sociologica sui valori dei Trentino},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{thomassen1995support,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Thomassen, J.},
  booktitle = {Citizens and the State},
  editor = {Klingemann, H D. and Fuchs, D.},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {383-416},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Support for democratic values},
  year = 1995
}

@book{dobbelaere2000verloren,
  address = {Tielt},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel and Elchardus, Mark and Kerkhofs, Jan and Voyé, Liliane and Bawin-Legros, Bernadette},
  isbn = {902094097x, 9789020940978},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 272,
  publisher = {Lannoo},
  title = {Verloren Zekerheid: De Belgen en hun Waarden, Overtuigingen en Houdingen (Lost certainties: Belgians and their values, convictions and attitudes)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2000
}

@article{buhlmann2012representation,
  abstract = {In a cross-country comparison of 33 European countries, we tested whether a high degree of female representation attenuates the assumed negative impact of gender on political involvement. Our multilevel analyses show positive interactive effects of female representation: the degree to which the representation of women in a given country's national parliament was descriptively adequate was positively related to women's ratings of the importance of politics and self-reported political interest. With respect to political participation, the findings are mixed.},
  author = {Bühlmann, Marc and Schädel, Lisa},
  journal = {Representation},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {101-114},
  title = {Representation matters: the impact of descriptive women's representation on the political involvement of women},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00344893.2012.653246},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2012
}

@article{kankaras2011measurement,
  abstract = {It is generally accepted that both measurement inequivalence and extreme response bias (ERB) can seriously distort measurement of attitudes and subsequent causal models. However, these two issues have rarely been investigated together. In this article we demonstrate the?exibility of a multigroup latent-class factor approach in both analyzing measurement equivalence and detecting ERB. Using data from theEuropean Values Survey from 1999/2000, we identi?ed an ERB in answering Likert-type questions on attitudes toward morals of compatriots.Furthermore, we found measurement inequivalence in the form of direct effects of countries on the attitude items. The model that included boththese issues resulted in quite distinct ?ndings regarding country difference in the latent attitude compared to the models that only included one of these effects - either measurement inequivalence or extreme response. It is suggested that the all-inclusive model provides the more validestimates of country differences in the latent attitude.},
  author = {Kankaraš, Miloš and Moors, Guy},
  journal = {Methodology},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  title = {Measurement Equivalenceand Extreme Response Biasin the Comparison of AttitudesAcross Europe. A Multigroup Latent-Class Factor Approach},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{rimac2005search,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Rimac, Ivan and Milas, Goran},
  booktitle = {In Search of Identity. A Comparative Study of Values: Croatia and Europe},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip and Aračić, Pero},
  isbn = {9532122567, 9789532122565},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {85-114},
  publisher = {Golden Marketing - Tehnička knjiga},
  title = {In Search of Democratic Development Agents: Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction with Democracy in European Countries},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2005
}

@inproceedings{aracic2003religijske,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Aračić, Pero and Črpić, Gordan},
  booktitle = {Razvojne perspektive ruralnoga svijeta Slavonije i Baranje, Osijek, Hrvatska, 03-04.10.2002.},
  editor = {Štambuk, Maja and Šundalić, Antun},
  isbn = {9536666308},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {55-76},
  publisher = {Institut drustvenih znanosti Ivo Pilar},
  title = {Religijske vrednote u Slavonji i Baranji s posebnim naglaskom na mlade (Religious Values in Slavonija and Baranja with Emphasis on Youth Population)},
  type = {Lecture},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{hardiman1998changing,
  address = {London},
  author = {Hardiman, N. and Whelan, C T.},
  booktitle = {Ireland and the Politics of Change},
  editor = {Crotty, W. and Schmitt, D E.},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {65-85},
  publisher = {Longman},
  title = {Changing values},
  year = 1998
}

@article{yelensky2010religiosity,
  abstract = {There are no reliable statistics on the religiosity of Ukrainians in the 1960s, 1970s and1980s. Soviet literature consistently insisted that most young people in the SovietUnion did not have religious beliefs and were not practising believers, but even suchempirical data as are available allow us to cast doubt on this (see for example Fletcher,1981, pp. 1415, 21113). Research on religion in Soviet times was unreliable. In onereport, for example (Konkretnyye, 1967, pp. 6383), the authors avoided generalisingabout the level of religiosity in the USSR and evidently tried to conceal theimplications of their data. In Belorussia the survey made a detailed study of thedemographic structure of what it termed the religious contingent, but did not revealwhat percentage this comprised of the 10,000 people questioned in five of the sixoblasti of the republic. It also conducted a study in five oblasti of Ukraine. Among3123 young respondents polled in four Ukrainian oblasti in 1983 only 8 per centidentified themselves as non-believers (Belov, 1983, p. 68).},
  author = {Yelensky, Viktor},
  journal = {State and society},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {213-227},
  title = {Religiosity in Ukraine according to Sociological Surveys},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2010
}

@article{dong2012conditional,
  abstract = {In this paper we discuss whether corruption is contagious and whether conditional cooperation matters. We use the notion of "conditional corruption" for these effects. We analyze whether the justifiability to be corrupt is influenced by the perceived activities of others. Moreover, we also explore whether - and to what extent - group dynamics or socialization and past experiences affect corruption. We present evidence using two data sets at the micro level and a large macro level international panel data set. The results indicate that the willingness to engage in corruption is influenced by the perceived activities of peers and other individuals. Moreover, the panel data set at the macro level indicates that the past level of corruption has a strong impact on the current corruption level.},
  author = {Dong, Bin and Dulleck, Uwe and Torgler, Benno},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Psychology},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {609-627},
  title = {Conditional Corruption},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487011001759#},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{demoor1994sociocultural,
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Changing Values and Attitudes in Family Households with Rural Peer Groups, Social Networks, and Action Spaces: Implications of Institutional Transition in East and West for Value Formation and Transmission},
  editor = {Cécora, James and Alimova, Tatjana},
  isbn = {3884882961},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {153-162},
  publisher = {FAA Society for Agricultural Policy Research and Rural Sociology},
  title = {Socio-cultural Differentiation of Values in Western Family Households. Postmaterialism as Reflected in the European Values Study},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{dogan1994erosion,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Dogan, Mattei},
  booktitle = {Towards a European Nation? Political Trends in Europe},
  editor = {Haller, Max and Richter, Rudolf},
  isbn = {1563243849, 9781563243844},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {31-54},
  publisher = {Sharpe},
  title = {The Erosion of Nationalism in the West European Community},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{belot2012moving,
  abstract = {Attitudes towards immigrants have played a major role in French politics in the last 50 years. Understanding how these attitudes are structured and what makes people become more tolerant or intolerant of immigrants appears therefore essential. In the literature, five hypotheses have been tested: the interest hypothesis, the cognitive hypothesis, the authoritarian attitudinal system hypothesis, the contact hypothesis and the contextual hypothesis. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of context. This article revisits these hypotheses using the French European Values Study data sets. Our results confirm the increase in tolerance of immigrants over the last 20 years. Disentangling the attitudinal system to which these opinions belong allows us to claim that this growth of tolerance is, at least partly, an effect of the individualization of society.},
  author = {Belot, Céline and Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {209-232},
  title = {Moving towards a more tolerant society? Attitudes towards immigrants in French politics},
  url = {http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fp/journal/v10/n3/abs/fp201211a.html},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2012
}

@phdthesis{kankaras2010essays,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Kankaraš, Miloš},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  title = {Essays on Measurement Equivalence in Cross-Cultural Survey Research. A Latent Class Approach},
  year = 2010
}

@incollection{halman1996right,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Heinen, A.G.J.J.},
  booktitle = {Political value change in western democracies. Integration, values, identification, and participation},
  editor = {Halman, L. and Nevitte, N.},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {35-58},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Left and right in modern society},
  year = 1996
}

@article{voicu2014cultures,
  abstract = {This article explains the variation in the life satisfaction of international migrants across Europe using the idea of the cultural embeddedness of subjective well-being, expressed in various approaches such as social comparison theory, the Easterlin paradox and Cummins' (2003) assumption of normativeness. The authors claim that immigrants' levels of life satisfaction will be the subject of a dual contextuality. First, the cultural heritage of the country of origin has a pervasive influence long after migration. Second, a permanent upward adjustment is likely to occur toward the average level of life satisfaction in the country of current residence. Additional interaction effects, namely the impact of cultural distance and exposure to the two relevant cultures, are also considered. For testing, the authors employ multilevel cross-classified models on data from the 2008 wave of the European Values Study. The findings indicate that both origin and host societies provide relevant contextual frameworks and mould immigrants' life satisfaction.},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan and Vasile, Marian},
  journal = {Current Sociology},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {81-99},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Do 'cultures of life satisfaction' travel?},
  url = {http://csi.sagepub.com/content/62/1/81.short},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2014
}

@article{ariely2013nationhood,
  abstract = {This paper examines whether the civicethnic framework is indeed relevant for the distinction between Western and Eastern Europe from institutional and public opinion perspectives. Multilevel analysis of data from the last wave of the European Value Study across 45 countries shows that there are indeed dissimilar conceptions of nationhood in the West and in the East. In Eastern Europe there is higher support for the ethnic component than the civic component and there are stronger relations between national identification and the ethnic component. The results indicate that, despite critiques of the civicethnic framework, to a certain extent, it reflects a distinction between Western and Eastern Europe.},
  author = {Ariely, Gal},
  doi = {10.1080/15705854.2012.732391},
  journal = {Perspectives on European Politics and Society},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {123-143},
  title = {Nationhood across Europe: the civic-ethnic framework and the distinction between Western and Eastern Europe},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15705854.2012.732391#.U0w1Nvl_vuI},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2013
}

@article{piel1985deutsch,
  author = {Piel, E.},
  journal = {Die neue Ordnung},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  pages = {5-15},
  title = {Wie deutsch sind die Deutschen? Ihr Selbstverständnis und Nationalgefühl},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 1,
  year = 1985
}

@incollection{brechon2014individualisation,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {221-239},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Individualisation et individualisme dans les sociétés européennes},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{ester2006values,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {303-313},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Values, Value Change, and Generations: Grand Picture and Summarizing Perspective},
  year = 2006
}

@article{oorschot2006making,
  abstract = {Welfare states treat different groups of needy people differently. Such differential rationing may reflect various considerations of policymakers, who act in economic, political and cultural contexts. This article aims at contributing to a theoretical and empirical understanding of the popular cultural context of welfare rationing. It examines European public perceptions of the relative deservingness of four needy groups (elderly people, sick and disabled people, unemployed people, and immigrants). Hypotheses, deduced from a literature review, are tested against data from the 1999/2000 European Values Study survey. It is found that Europeans share a common and fundamental deservingness culture: across countries and social categories there is a consistent pattern that elderly people are seen as most deserving, closely followed by sick and disabled people; unemployed people are seen as less deserving still, and immigrants as least deserving of all. Conditionality is greater in poorer countries, in countries with lower unemployment, and in countries where people have less trust in fellow citizens and in state institutions. At the national level there is no relation with welfare regime type or welfare spending. Individual differences in conditionality are determined by several socio-demographic and attitudinal characteristics, as well as by certain features of the country people live in.},
  author = {Oorschot, W v.},
  journal = {Journal of European Social Policy},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {23-42},
  title = {Making the Difference in Social Europe: Deservingness Perceptions among Citizens of European Welfare States},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2006
}

@article{cao2013temperance,
  abstract = {Public attitudes toward prostitution have been a neglected area of study. Temperance theory posits that end-of-the century political culture is characterized by the persistence of moral politics in which personal behavior is moralized and sanctioned. Driving this politics is the economic insecurity of the middle class to reassert status boundaries as markers of respectability in order to clearly separate classes physically and socially. This hypothesis has not been tested empirically and it contradicts hypotheses derived from post materialist theory or revised modernization theory, which propose that there is a trend toward more tolerance of deviance in contemporary society, and that the traditional class-based cleavages have shifted and now focus more on value cleavages. This study tests these competing hypotheses, examining whether there is a trend toward greater intolerance of prostitution and whether the middle class became more intolerant in the 1990s. In addition, we test the effects of social class and religiosity on tolerance of prostitution. Results show that the US public became more tolerant toward prostitution across social classes in the 1990s and that religiosity continues to serve as a powerful counterbalance to social acceptance of prostitution.},
  author = {Cao, Liqun and Maguire, E R.},
  journal = {Social Problems},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {188-205},
  title = {A Test of the Temperance Hypothesis: Class, Religiosity, and Tolerance of Prostitution},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.1525/sp.2013.60.2.188?uid=27886&uid=3738736&uid=2&uid=3&uid=67&uid=5911848&uid=27885&uid=62&sid=21103851777271},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2013
}

@article{derosa1993valori,
  author = {de Rosa, G.},
  journal = {La Civiltà Cattolica},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {I valori degli italiani nel contesto europeo},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 1441,
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{beugelsdijk2003bridging,
  abstract = {In this paper we develop a model of growth and social capital, and test it using data from the European Value Studies (EVS). Following Putnams distinction between bonding and bridging social capital, we model social capital as participation in two types of social networks: first, closed networks of family and friends, and, second, open networks that bridge different communities.  Agents have a preference for socialising, which they trade off against material well-being. Participation in both social networks is time-consuming and comes at the cost of participation in the formal economic sphere and working time. Through this channel, higher levels of social capital may crowd out economic growth. In addition, participation in intercommunity networks reduces incentives for rent seeking and cheating. Through this channel, higher level of bridging social capital may enhance economic growth. Testing the model, we find that regional differences in materialistic attitudes and the value attached to family life significantly reduce the participation in open networks and that this in turn reduces regional output growth in Europe.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and Smulders, Sjak},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {147-184},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Bridging and Bonding Social Capital: Which Type is Good for Economic Growth?},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{baloban2004politische,
  address = {Vienna - Würzburg},
  author = {Baloban, Stjepan},
  booktitle = {Was macht Europa zukunfsfähig? Sozialethische Perspektiven},
  editor = {Pribyl, Herbert and Renöckl, Helmut},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro german incollection},
  publisher = {Echter-Verlag},
  title = {Politische Kompetenz setzt ethische Kompetenz voraus},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{halsey1985methods,
  address = {London},
  author = {Halsey, A H.},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {0333386760, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {1-20},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  series = {Studies in the Contemporary Values of Modern Society},
  title = {On Methods and Morals},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{marincea2012olympians,
  abstract = {The study aims to test the concept of Olympianism in order to identify the extent to which it reflects a valid and generalizable attitude among Europeans. The research uses linear regression analysis and statistic correlations by means of which are identified the factors that influence citizens' confidence in the EU, as chosen indicator of Olympianism. The results of the regression are tested through the analysis of Eurobarometer data between 2006 and 2012. The operationalization of the concept is based on the theoretical background and groups the variables found in the literature according to three dimensions: political-institutional, moral-attitudinal and identitarian. The research results show that Olympianism is not an entirely valid concept for the European continent and therefore it needs reconceptualization. Further findings regard the identified divergent and convergent patterns that show different factors which influence people's support of the EU, in relation to their nationality. An essential finding that contradicts one of the main hypotheses in the literature regarding Olympianism is that it is opposed to national consciousness. The research draws on data from the latest European Values Study in 2008. Eight countries are analyzed in comparison to the general, European tendency: Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, France, Belgium, Germany and Great Britain.},
  author = {Marincea, Adina},
  journal = {Annals of the University of Oradea. International Relations and European Studies (RISE)},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {151-179},
  title = {Who are the Olympians? A Cross-Country Analysis of People's Trust in the EU},
  url = {http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedetails.aspx?issueid=2287c4ba-0350-4794-8066-792c1e0de59a&articleId=629a5c42-9f56-4d2f-b776-e75e57752f4d},
  year = 2012
}

@book{abela2001youth,
  abstract = {Youth Participation in Voluntary Organisations brings together three interrelated papers in youth studies. The author complements comparative data analyses of the European Values Study and a national youth survey, with an in-dept study of life histories of young Catholic adults. The first chapter examines changing voluntary activities of young people over the past fifteen years in a comparative European perspective, in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, new lifestyles, shifts in values and solidarity towards people in need. The second chapter is concerned with deviant behaviour and accounts for the unconventional lifestyles of young people with social problems. The final chapter traces the similar origins but also the multiple destinations of young Catholics in contemporary Malta. On this basis, an international study of life histories discusses the emergence of new Catholic identities for the society of the future.},
  address = {Malta},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Parliamentary Secretariat, Ministry of Education},
  title = {Youth Participation in Voluntary Organisations in Malta, A Comparative Analysis of European Values Studies},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://staff.um.edu.mt/aabe2/YVO.htm},
  year = 2001
}

@book{olafsson1985hvernig,
  address = {Reykjavik},
  author = {Olafsson, S.},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {University of Iceland},
  title = {Hvernig eru Islendingar? (What are the Values of Icelanders?)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1985
}

@article{krajnc2012protest,
  abstract = {In the recent decades protest participation has become most widely accepted and practiced form of citizen engagement in western democracies. Many researchers believe protest participation is crucial for democracy to be consolidated and effective, and previous studies have shown that protest participation is one of the main characteristics of a democratic public. Though protest is on the increase in western democracies, it declined in postcommunist democracies from 1990 to 2000. The bulk of participation research still comes from western countries and less is known about participation patterns of postcommunist and especially post-Yugoslav citizens. More importantly, previous cross-national studies have mostly not dealt with the motivations behind protest participation in post-Yugoslav countries. The aim of our research was twofold: firstly, we compared levels of protest participation (signing petitions, joining in boycotts, and attending lawful/peaceful demonstrations) in three regions: seven post-Yugoslav countries (BiH, Croatia, Kosovo, FYR Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia), seventeen established EU democracies, and nine East-Central European EU member states. Secondly, we analyzed the relationship between protest participation and prodemocratic political culture (i.e. democracy index consisting of items indicating acceptance of democracy and rejecting authoritarian rule) in all three regions. We employed the newest (2008) wave of European Values Study, which consists of representative national surveys. The results indicated that post-Yugoslav population is almost as protest oriented (Mprotest = 1.89) as citizens in western countries (M = 1.93), and significantly more than ECE EU member states (M = 1.55). Interestingly, within post-Yugoslav countries, citizens of Kosovo and Macedonia report the highest levels of protest potential. The results also showed that protest participation is positively and statistically significantly associated with prodemocratic orientations in all three regions, as well as within all seven post-Yugoslav national samples. If Europeanization of West Balkan countries is understood in terms of their populations taking part in elite-challenging behaviour (e.g. protest participation) motivated by pro-democratic orientations, then all no "keeps them out", democratic protests might follow shortly, if, of course, pro-EU membership attitudes will be present in six post-Yugoslav countries at the critical times in the future. Implications of the results and future research suggestions are discussed.},
  author = {Krajnc, Tavcar and Flere, Sergej and Kirbiš, Andrej},
  journal = {The Western Balkans Policy Review},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {95-117},
  title = {Is Protest Participation in Post-Yugoslav Countries Motivated by Pro-democratic Political Culture? A Cross-National Study},
  url = {http://www.kppcenter.org/WBPReview2012-2-2-Krajnc-Flere-Kirbis.pdf},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{poirier2011state,
  abstract = {Religion is becoming increasingly important to the study of political science and to re-examine key concepts, such as democracy, securitization, foreign policy analysis, and international relations.The secularization of Europe is often understood according to the concept of "multiple modernities" - the idea that there may be several roads to modernity, which do not all mean the eradication of religion. This framework provides support for the view that different traditions, societies and groups can come to terms with the components of modernity (capitalism, democracy, human rights, science and reason) while keeping in touch with their religious background, faith and practice.Contributors examine the interaction between EU-integration processes and Western European countries, such as Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Austria, Scandinavia, Italy, and the UK, and shine fresh light on the economic and cultural contexts brought about by relationships between politics and religion, including immigrant religions and new religious movements. This volume combines theoretical perspectives from political sociology and international relations to consider the role of religion as a source of power, identity and ethics in institutions and societies.Politics of Religion in Western Europe will be of interest to scholars of politics, religion, the European Union and political sociology.},
  address = {Oxon / New York},
  author = {Poirier, Philippe},
  booktitle = {Politics of Religion in Western Europe: Modernities in conflict?},
  editor = {Foret, François and Itçaina, Xabier},
  isbn = {978-0-415-59534-6},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {170-186},
  publisher = {Routedge},
  series = {Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science},
  title = {State and religions in Luxembourg: A 'reconciled' and 'secularized' democracy},
  url = {http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415595346/},
  year = 2011
}

@book{ayerbe2000cultura,
  author = {Ayerbe, M.},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  publisher = {Gobierno Vasco: presidencia de Gobierno, Gabinete de Estudios Sociológicos},
  title = {La cultura del trabajo y la actitud emprendedora en el ámbito profesional de la comunidad autonóma del país vasco},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2000
}

@article{consentino2011missing,
  abstract = {We derive explicit formulae for estimation in logistic regression models where some of thecovariates are missing. Our approach allows for modelling the distribution of the missing covariateseither as a multivariate normal or as a multivariate t-distribution. A main advantage of this methodis that it is fast and does not require the use of iterative procedures. A model selection methodis derived which allows to choose among these distributions. In addition, we consider versions ofAkaikes information criterion that are based on the expectationmaximization algorithm and multipleimputation methods that have a wide applicability to model selection in likelihood models in general.},
  author = {Consentino, Fabrizio and Claeskens, Gerda},
  journal = {Statistical Modelling},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {159-183},
  title = {Missing covariates in logistic regression, estimationand distribution selection},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{mahoney1985theological,
  address = {London},
  author = {Mahoney, J.},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Neil},
  isbn = {0333386760, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {253-278},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  series = {Studies in the Contemporary Values of Modern Society},
  title = {Theological and Pastoral Reflections},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{kerkhofs2002valori,
  annotation = {April 2002},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Aggiornamenti sociali},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {275-283},
  title = {I valori degli Europei},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2002
}

@misc{kullmann2003european,
  author = {Kullmann, S Timutschin},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {European abortion regimes in the context of church-state relations},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{arts2003shall,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Gelissen, J.P.T.M. and Luijkx, R.},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity. Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Hagenaars, J.A.P.},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {185-216},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Shall the twain ever meet? Differences and changes in socio-economic justice norms and beliefs in Eastern and Western Europe at the turn of the millennium},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/517114/SHALL___.PDF},
  year = 2003
}

@article{halman1995modernization,
  author = {Halman, Loek and Ester, Peter},
  journal = {Sociale Wetenschappen},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {28-53},
  title = {Modernization and the Nature of Individualism},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 38,
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{halman1993comparative,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {903619833X},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {21-36},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Comparative Research on Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{tomka2000religious,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  booktitle = {New Religiosity- it makes up gape and disturbes},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {29-40},
  publisher = {Corvinus & Wurzburg Echter},
  title = {The religious situation in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe},
  year = 2000
}

@article{torgler2010gender,
  abstract = {The topics of corruption and tax evasion have attracted signi?cant attention inthe literature in recent years. We build on that literature by investigating empirically:(1) whether attitudes toward corruption and tax evasion vary systematically withgender and (2) whether gender differences decline as men and women face similaropportunities for illicit behavior. We use data on eight Western European countriesfrom the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey. The results revealsigni?cantly greater aversion to corruption and tax evasion among women. This holdsacross countries and time, and across numerous empirical speci?cations},
  author = {Torgler, Benno and Valev, Neven},
  journal = {Contemporary Economic Policy},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  title = {Gender and public attitudes towards corruption and tax evasion},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2010
}

@inproceedings{tomka2007religion,
  address = {Weimar},
  author = {Tomka, Mikos},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of contributions from the Maribor Symposium 2005},
  editor = {Miroslav, Polzer and Devetak, Silvo and Toplak, Ludvik and Unger, Felix and Eder, Maria},
  isbn = {978-3-89739-561-9},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {17-35},
  publisher = {VDG},
  title = {Religion in Europe: Sociological Considerations with Special Reference to Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {http://www.academia.edu/download/30433475/proceedings_ReligionandEuropeanIntegrationSEE_2007.pdf#page=17},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2007
}

@article{listhaug1995monitoring,
  author = {Listhaug, Ola},
  issn = {378097},
  journal = {Sociale Wetenschappen},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {109-119},
  title = {Monitoring Long Term Cultural and Social Change in Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 38,
  year = 1995
}

@article{jones2009influence,
  abstract = {Social capital has been recognized as one of the most influentialconcepts in social and political sciences. It is assumed that it has significantinfluence on several issues such as health status, educational achievementand environmental attitudes. In the present article we attempt to investigatethe influence of social capital on the tendency of European citizens tocontribute money for the environment using data from EVS 1999/2000.Firstly, an estimation of individual social capital is calculated for Europeancitizens with the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Secondly, the relationbetween individual social capital and willingness to pay (WTP) is examined.Thirdly, further evidence is provided by introducing in the analysis the influenceof other factors such as income, age, gender and educational level. In addition,the influence of contextual factors on WTP is explored. Through the results ofthe study it is observed that most European citizens are willing to pay for theenvironment and their decision is influenced significantly from elements ofsocial capital. Furthermore, on a contextual level only some of the factorsinvestigated explain the tendency to contribute money for the environment.},
  author = {Jones, Nikoleta and Malesios, Chrisovaladis and Botetzagias, Iosif},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  title = {The influence of social capital on willingness to pay for the environment among european citizens},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2009
}

@article{brechon2002individualismes,
  abstract = {Les enquêtes sur les valeurs des Européens révèlent les formes de lindividualisme contemporain. Non pas un égoïsme calculateur, mais un culte de lépanouissement personnel, privilégiant la tolérance et la sociabilité amicale. Cette volonté de choisir son destin fragilise les institutions, appelées à être plus modestes.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Revue Projet},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 271,
  pages = {54-63},
  title = {Les individualismes en Europe},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/revue-projet-2002-3-page-54.htm},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{zanders1994changing,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Zanders, Harry},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {903619833X},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {129-154},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Changing Work Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{baker2008america,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Baker, W E.},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {9-43},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {America the Traditional},
  year = 2008
}

@article{you2012social,
  abstract = {This article explores whether homogeneity or fairness better explains generalized interpersonal trust across countries. Although some research suggests that ethnic diversity and income heterogeneity have a negative impact on social trust, I argue that cross-national variations in social trust are better explained by fairness: fair procedural rules (democracy), fair administration of rules (freedom from corruption), and fair income distribution (relatively equal but also unskewed). This expectation is confirmed by a multilevel analysis of data from the World Values Surveys and European Values Study covering 170,000 individuals in 80 countries.},
  author = {You, Jong-sung},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00893.x},
  journal = {Political Psychology},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {701-721},
  title = {Social trust : fairness matters more than homogeneity},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00893.x/full},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{rooijde2013conventional,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {{Rooij, de}, Eline and Reeskens, Tim},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {185-211},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Conventional and unconventional political participation},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{inglehart2004european,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Inglehart, R.},
  booktitle = {Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe: Identity, Values and Culture},
  editor = {Klingemann, H D. and Fuchs, D. and Zieloka, J.},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {East European value systems in global perspective},
  year = 2004
}

@book{hamberg1988religis,
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Hamberg, Eva},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  publisher = {Religionssociologiska Institutet},
  title = {Religiös tro och religiöst engagemang},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1988
}

@incollection{lesthaeghe1994living,
  abstract = {The authors suggest that ideational factors and aspirations as well as economic factors should be taken into account in the analysis of living arrangements among young adults in various Western European countries.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Lesthaeghe, Ron and Moors, Guy},
  booktitle = {Europe's Population in the 1990's},
  editor = {Coleman, D A.},
  isbn = {0198288964, 9780198288961},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {163-221},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Living Arrangements, Socio-Economic Position and Values Among Young Adults: a Pattern Description for France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands 1990},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{kankaras2009measurement,
  abstract = {Comparing solidarity attitudes of European citizens is highly relevant inthe context of European integration and unification. Such comparisons, however, are only valid if responses to attitude questions reflect true differences in solidar- ity and, hence, the measurement of latent solidarity attitudes is comparable. Often comparability is assumed, rarely is it tested. This research presents a multiple- group latent-class factor analysis of a set of questions concerning solidarity towards different social groups, taken from the 1999/2000 wave of the European Value Study. This multiple-group comparison reveals that equivalence in attitude measurement is not established straightforwardly. However, once the sources of measurement inequivalence are taken into account, valid comparison between countries is possible. It turns out that European countries are less divided on the solidarity attitudes than would have been concluded from a model that did not account for heterogeneity in measurement. At the same time, the improved model only slightly altered country rankings on solidarity dimensions.},
  author = {Kankaraš, Miloš and Moors, Guy},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  title = {Measurement Equivalence in Solidarity Attitudes in Europe. Insights from a Multiple-Group Latent-Class Factor Approach},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2009
}

@book{noelleneumann1983demoskopische,
  address = {Zürich/Osnabrück},
  annotation = {Texte + Thesen 155},
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth},
  isbn = {3720151557},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 147,
  publisher = {Edition Interfrom/ A. Fromm},
  title = {Eine demoskopische Deutschstunde},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1983
}

@incollection{halman1993value,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {903619833X},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {155-162},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Value Patterns and Modernity},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1993
}

@book{riffault1994valeurs,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Riffault, Hélène},
  editor = {Riffault, Hélène},
  isbn = {2130459986},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 326,
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France (PUF)},
  title = {Les Valeurs des Français},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{halman1999globalization,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society. The European's religion at the end of the 20th century},
  editor = {Halman, L. and Riis, O.},
  isbn = {9036197406},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 5,
  pages = {153-172},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European values studies},
  title = {Globalization and Patterns of Religious Belief Systems},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{davie1992ceasar,
  address = {London and New York},
  author = {Davie, Grace},
  booktitle = {Social Europe},
  editor = {Bailey, Joe},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {216-238},
  publisher = {Longman},
  title = {God and Ceasar: Religion in a Rapidly Changing Europe},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1992
}

@article{tourbeaux2012lintegration,
  abstract = {This research aims to describe the process of integration of Luxembourg's Portuguese. To achieve this, we ?rst conduct a summary review of the sociological literature about integration. Once the conceptual framework established, we measure and link the two essential aspects of integration: the socio-economic integration and the acculturation. To complete, we confront the Portuguese population resident of Luxembourg to those residing in Portugal in order to highlight the degree of acculturation of Portuguese immigrants and their descendants with the Luxembourg society. This research hasrequired the use of data from the Luxembourg European Values Study (EVS) of 2008 as we measure acculturation from questions about the values of individuals. We prove that compared with their parents, the descendants of Portuguese immigrants, regarding their native social environment, are experiencing upward social mobility associatedwith the development of an "hybrid" cultural identity, composed of values both of the country of birth of their parents and of Luxembourg.},
  author = {Tourbeaux, Jérôme},
  journal = {Archives Europeennes de Sociologie},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {235-262},
  title = {L'integration des Portugais du Luxembourg},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2F3738_4251CB2740598692AECD93A1F79F2787_journals__EUR_EUR53_02_S0003975612000112a.pdf&cover=Y&code=ee2574ea1656715dd990e75cf703ee45},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2012
}

@book{pfetsch2013political,
  abstract = {This book offers new and compelling insight into the emergent shared culture of the relationship between political actors and journalists in nine European democracies. It is a truly comparative account of the attitudes of 2,500 political communication elites between Helsinki and Madrid on various aspects of the media's role in politics and on the mutual relationship of politicians, political spokespersons and journalists. The study identifies national political communication cultures across Europe over the importance of journalists in advocacy and commentary, pressures on the media and perceived political influence. It also highlights that professional roles determine the perception of news-making, the interpretation of daily political life and the ethos of professional conduct and interaction.},
  author = {Pfetsch, Barbara},
  isbn = {9780230302013},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 360,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  title = {Political Communication Cultures in Western Europe: Attitudes of Political Actors and Journalists in Nine Countries},
  url = {http://www.palgrave.com/page/detail/political-communication-cultures-in-western-europe-barbara-pfetsch/?K=9780230302013},
  year = 2013
}

@article{tomka1995europa,
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  journal = {Merleg},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {333-343},
  title = {Europa Valtozo ertekrendje (= Is Europa's Value Pattern Changing?)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 3,
  year = 1995
}

@article{littrell2005preferred,
  abstract = {Purpose  To compare preferences of business managers for kinds of explicit leader behaviour fromthree European countries, and to determine similarities and differences, indicating requirements formanagement practices and expatriate management development and training.Design/methodology/approach  Samples of managers from Romania, Germany, and the UK arecompared using the factor scores of the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire XII to determinethe kinds of behaviour they prefer from leaders.Findings  Significant differences are observed between all three samples, indicating different leaderstyle preferences. Comparisons and discussions are made concerning the relationships with theHofstede value dimensions.Originality/value  Shows that different leader behaviours should be employed in businesssituations in different countries to successfully guide and motivate employees.},
  author = {Littrell, Romie and Lapadus, N Valentin},
  journal = {The Journal of Management Development},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {421-442},
  title = {Preferred leadership behaviours: exploratory results from Romania, Germany, and the UK},
  url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1501919&show=abstract},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2005
}

@article{gundelach1994protesterne,
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  journal = {Grus},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {5-21},
  title = {Er protesterne og bev gelserne forsvundet?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 44,
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{gerard1985values,
  address = {London},
  author = {Gerard, David},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {201-226},
  publisher = {Palgrave MacMillan},
  title = {Values and Voluntary Work},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@incollection{yuchtmanyaar2003value,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Yuchtman-Ya'ar, Ephraim},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {117-137},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Value Priorities in Israeli Society: An Examination of Inglehart's Theory of Modernization and Cultural Variation},
  year = 2003
}

@article{krause2012atlas,
  abstract = {The European Values Study (EVS) is a large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey research programme on basic human values, initiated in the late 1970s. A product of this research is the Atlas of European Values (AoEV), published by the University of Tilburg in the Netherlands. This publication offers maps and background information about the opinions of the population in 46 European countries. The question was whether these materials have a potential for (geography) education. In a Comenius Project named European Values Education experts from different universities combined their experience in order to answer this question. They developed different map-tools and framework, background information, assignments, strategies, lesson plans and videos on how to deal with the maps and questions of the AoEV in an educational setting. All materials have been trialled in different countries and are available in 7 languages (English, Turkish, Dutch, German, French, Spanish and Slovak). They got a positive response from lecturers, teachers and students and can be used for courses about Europe, culture, citizenship and value-related issues and also meet the high standards of learning. They are available for free on the website www.atlasofeuropeanvalues.eu. This article summarises the basic findings of the European Values Study with respect to the theoretical frame. It discusses the geographical and educational contexts in which the developed materials and tools of the Atlas of European Values website can be used.},
  author = {Krause, Uwe},
  issn = {1792-1341},
  journal = {European Journal of Geography},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {54-71},
  title = {The Atlas of the European Values Project : mapping the values of Europeans for educational purposes},
  url = {http://www.eurogeographyjournal.eu/articles/Paper%20EJG%20-%20Atlas%20of%20European%20Values%202%20-%20Fontys%20Tilburg%20NL%20-%20Krause_FINAL.pdf},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2012
}

@article{abela2001wants,
  abstract = {Compares family values, marriage breakdown, & divorce in Malta & Western Europe, drawing on 1981-1995 survey data. Explored are likely outcomes from a national commission set up to obtain the widest possible consensus for the introduction of divorce in Malta on a Western European model that fits most closely to the local situation. Country-specific factors & social differences for permissive divorce are examined, & a hypothesis of the significance of a Catholic family culture for the upkeep of a restrictive morality on marriage values & divorce is tested. Sufficient reasons for marriage breakdown & divorce - eg, domestic violence, adultery, & alcohol abuse - are discussed, along with ways that justification & support of the divorce principle are differentiated by sociodemographic characteristics. In the Euro-Mediterranean city-island of late modernity, Malta, the observed shift in the values of the family, the secularization of sexuality, & increase in marriage breakdown are still accompanied by a strong Catholic family culture that resists civil settlement by divorce. Divorce might be legalized if the needs of a significant minority are given greater importance over the rule of a moral majority that excludes them.},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  issn = {3906701},
  journal = {Revue Internationale de Sociologie},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {75-87},
  title = {Who Wants Divorce? Marriage Values and Divorce in Malta and Western Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{siegers2012pluralismus,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Siegers, Pascal},
  booktitle = {Religiöser Pluralismus im Fokus quantitativer Religionsforschung},
  editor = {Pollack, Detlef and Tucci, Ingrid and Ziebert, Hans-Georg},
  isbn = {978-3-531-18697-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {75-105},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  title = {Pluralismus religiöser Orientierungen in Europa : Ergebnisse aus der vierten Welle der Europäischen Wertestudie 2008/2008},
  url = {http://www.springer.com/springer+vs/soziologie/book/978-3-531-18696-2},
  year = 2012
}

@book{defranca1993portugal,
  address = {Lisboa},
  author = {de França, Luis},
  editor = {De França, L.},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Instituto de Estudos para o desenvolvimento},
  title = {Portugal: Valores Europeus Identidade Cultura (x- Portugal. Values of European Cultural Identity)},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1993
}

@article{bennink2013exploring,
  abstract = {Can existing longitudinal surveys profit from the (financial) advantages of web surveying by switching survey mode from face-to-face interviews to web surveys? Before such a radical change in data collection procedure can be undertaken, it needs to be established that mode effects cannot confound the responses to the survey items. To this end, the responses of the Dutch European Values Study of 2008 were compared to the responses of a time parallel web survey. The responses on 163 of the 256 items differed significantly across modes. To explain these response differences between modes, an exploratory crisp set qualitative comparative analysis approach was used. Five sufficient conditionscombinations of survey mode characteristicsbut no necessary conditions for response differences between survey modes were found. Two survey characteristics were neither necessary nor sufficient to produce the outcome. Results suggest that switching modes may affect comparability between waves in a longitudinal survey.},
  author = {Bennink, Margot and Moors, Guy and Gelissen, John},
  journal = {Field Methods},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {319-338},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Exploring Response Differences between Face-to-Face and Web Surveys: A  Qualitative Comparative Analysis of the Dutch European Values Survey 2008},
  url = {http://fmx.sagepub.com/content/25/4/319.short},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2013
}

@article{mardesic2001crkva,
  abstract = {All religions are, in their essence, marked by a certain nostalgia, since they seek to return as closely as possible to a primordial sacred time which, according to their belief, was characterized by perfect order, complete human happiness and the immediate presence of the divine on earth, a kind of earthly Eden. Christianity, however, differs from this pattern in that it locates its decisive transhistorical and historical event not at the beginning of time but at its midpoint, in the incarnation of God during the Roman occupation of Palestine. In this sense, Christianity is oriented toward remembrance, expressed above all in the celebration of the Eucharist and in the injunction “Do this in memory of me.” Yet alongside this form of remembrance there exists within Christianity a second, contradictory nostalgia: a longing tied to the worldly power of the institutional Church that developed in the wake of Constantine, when Christianity became intertwined with law, constitution and political ideology. Throughout history, from the origins of Christianity to the present, these two nostalgias have alternated dialectically in shaping the Church’s self-understanding and role in the world. The Second Vatican Council sought to overcome this dualism by distancing the Church from worldly power and subordination to state authority, but the tension between these two orientations persists, albeit in changing forms and expressions. Consequently, each Christian is called upon to resolve this inner duality in favor of Christ and in opposition to any form of worldly domination.},
  author = {Mardešić, Željko},
  journal = {Crkva u svijetu},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {127-151},
  title = {Crkva između dviju oprečnih nostalgija (Church between two opposite nostalgies)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/61352},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2001
}

@article{rehakova2001czech,
  abstract = {Research carried out over the last 30 years in many countries shows that there exists a relationship between post-materialist values and a wide spectrum of social issues, from protection of the environment at one end to voting behaviour at the other. The aim of this article is to verify whether the observed relationships in selected, primarily political issues are valid even in the case of the Czech Republic. The analysed data have been drawn from the European Value Study in the years 1991 and 1999, which provide us with the opportunity to trace changes over time. Among the issues studied here are xenophobia and ethnocentrism, relationships to the environment, voting behaviour, freedom, equality, and a just society.},
  author = {Reháková, Blanka},
  journal = {Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {35-52},
  title = {Who are the Czech Materialists, Post-materialists, and Those Who are 'Mixed', and How Do They Differ in Their Opinions and Attitudes on Selected -Primarily Political- Subjects?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{friedlmeier2012value,
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Friedlmeier, Mihaela and Gavreliuc, Alin},
  booktitle = {Intergenerational relations: European perspectives in family and society},
  editor = {Albert, Isabelle and Ferring, Dieter},
  isbn = {781447300984},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Policy Press},
  title = {Value orientations and perception of social change in postcommunist Romania},
  url = {http://www.policypress.co.uk/display.asp?ISB=9781447300984&},
  year = 2012
}

@book{albert2012intergenerational,
  abstract = {Population ageing today affects most industrialised countries, and it will have an impact on many facets of the social system. Intergenerational relationships will play a key role in dealing with the demographical and societal change. This book provides innovative views in the multidisciplinary research field of intergenerational family relations in society, with a focus on Europe. Different, but complementary, perspectives are integrated in one volume bringing together international scholars from sociology, psychology and economics. The book's chapters are grouped into three thematic sections which cover conceptual issues, multigenerational and cross-cultural perspectives, as well as applied issues. Implications for research, policy and practice are addressed and suggestions for future directions are discussed. By raising recent discussions on controversial issues, this book will stimulate the current discourse at various levels. Intergenerational relations in society and family will be equally interesting for researchers, advanced-level students and stakeholders in the fields of social policy, population ageing and intergenerational family relationships.},
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Albert, Isabelle and Ferring, Dieter},
  isbn = {781447300984},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 256,
  publisher = {Policy Press},
  title = {Intergenerational relations: European perspectives in family and society},
  url = {http://www.policypress.co.uk/display.asp?ISB=9781447300984&},
  year = 2012
}

@book{elzo1992vascos,
  address = {Bilbao},
  author = {Elzo, Javier and Orizo, F Andrés and Barreda, M A. and Garmendia, F. and Blasco, P G. and Santacoloma, J F.},
  isbn = {8486641357, 9788486641351},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 406,
  publisher = {Universidad de Deusto},
  title = {Son los Vascos diferentes? Euskalerria en la Encuesta Europea de Valores},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1992
}

@book{whelan1992stability,
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Whelan, C T.},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Gill and Macmillan},
  title = {Stability and Change in Values and Attitudes Relevant to Women's Participation in the Labour Force and Wider Role in Society},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1992
}

@article{riis1993religione,
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  journal = {La religione degli Europei},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {3-36},
  title = {La religione nella societa modernizzata},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1993
}

@book{elzo1992euskalerria,
  address = {Bilbao},
  author = {Elzo, Javier and Orizo, F Andrés and Barreda, M A. and Garmendia, F. and Blasco, P G. and Santacoloma, J F.},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Universidad De Deusto Deiker},
  title = {Euskalerria en la encuesta europea de valores. Son Los Vascos Diferentas?},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1992
}

@article{abbruzzese1993individualismo,
  author = {Abbruzzese, Salvatore},
  journal = {Quadrante Scolastico},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {119-129},
  title = {Individualismo e appartenenze nell'Italia dei valori},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 59,
  year = 1993
}

@article{piscova2002marital,
  abstract = {Marital and parental start and demographic behaviour in Slovakia (and in Europe) at the turn of the centuries. The structural changes in society in last decade have significant influence on everyday life. The area where this influence is very visible is demographic behaviour and the family patterns. Marriage and fertility rates in Slovakia have decreased to a historically unprecedented level, divorce rate has increased to an unprecedented level. At the beginning of the '90s the changes were mainly perceived as the result of economic hardship stemming from transformation. Gradually the explanation framework started to be more oriented towards the theory of second demographic transition in which the value orientations play the key role. The paper presents the most significant changes in demographic and family behaviour in Slovakia since '90s and using the data from the European Values Study (carried out in Slovakia in 1991 and 1999) attempts to make evidence of the shift in values concerning the family life and family patterns.},
  author = {Piscova, M.},
  journal = {Sociologia},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {251-268},
  title = {Marital and parental start and demographic behaviour in Slovakia (and in Europe) at the turn of the centuries},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2002
}

@article{riis1997idealtyperne,
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  journal = {Chaos},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {93-114},
  title = {Idealtyperne I Max Webers 'Die protestantische Ethik'},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 28,
  year = 1997
}

@misc{ercolano2012environmental,
  author = {Ercolano, Salvatore and Gaeta, G Lucio and Romano, Oriana},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Environmental fiscal reform and willingness to pay for the environment: an empirical analysis on European micro data},
  url = {https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39680/1/MPRA_paper_39680.pdf},
  year = 2012
}

@article{stack2008association,
  abstract = {Research on the predictors of individual-level attitudes toward suicide has neglected the possible role of contextual-level predictors. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by assessing the association between suicide rates and the attitudes of individuals. Based on social learning theory, it is argued that persons socialized in nations with relatively high rates of suicide are more likely to be exposed to suicidal role models, which provide positive definitions of suicide. Methods. Data refer to 40,873 adults in 31 nations, and are taken from the World Health Organization and World Values Surveys. Given the bi-level nature of the data, hierarchical linear modeling techniques (HLM) are utilized. Additional predictor variables are incorporated from previous research and include religious participation and political orientation from social learning theory, marital status and life satisfaction from control theory, and basic demographics such as age and gender. Results.The results of the HLM indicate that controlling for individual-level predictors, as well as other Level 2 variables, persons residing in nations with relatively high suicide rates are more approving of suicide than their counterparts. The model was replicated for the prediction of support for euthanasia. A social learning perspective was further supported by results linking 1970 suicide rates with suicide acceptability among older adults in 1990. Conclusions. National suicide rates are predictive of individual-level suicide acceptability. However, the main predictors of suicide acceptability included a measure from social learning theory, religiosity, and a neglected measure of control theory, life satisfaction.},
  author = {Stack, S. and Kposowa, A J.},
  journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {39-59},
  title = {The association of suicide rates with individual-level suicide attitudes: A cross-national analysis},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2008
}

@article{tappeiner2008regional,
  abstract = {The explanation of different levels of innovation and their spatial distribution represents the central focus of the analysis. Theempirical literature documents the incidence of spatial autocorrelation in patenting activities and interprets them as evidence forknowledge spillovers. Alternatively, the authors propose the spatial pattern of input variables in innovation processes as drivingforces of patenting autocorrelation. They analyze 51 Nuts 1 regions in Europe and find that the high degree of spatial autocorrelationexhibited by patent applications can be explained comprehensively by the spatial location of the input factors in the knowledgeproduction function. These are traditional indicators on R&D investments and human capital from Eurostat and proxy variables onsocial capital from the European Values Study. This finding has important implications for the scope of an autonomous regionalinnovation policy},
  author = {Tappeiner, Gottfried and Hauser, Christoph and Walde, Janette},
  journal = {Research Policy},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {861-874},
  title = {Regional knowledge spillovers: Fact or artifact},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2008
}

@article{dunn2013preference,
  abstract = {The literature on authoritarianism and exclusive forms of nationalism often implies that authoritarian and exclusive-nationalist individuals will prefer radical right-wing populist parties such as Austria's FPÖ. The theoretical case for such implications appears sound as party programmes for radical right-wing populist parties invoke rhetoric that should appeal to individuals with either of these characteristics. To date, these implications have not been examined. This article examines quantitative survey data from five Western European countries with electorally viable radical right-wing populist parties to determine whether radical right-wing populist parties are preferred by authoritarians and/or exclusive-nationalists. Analyses indicate that the radical right-wing populist parties studied here are consistently preferred by exclusive-nationalist individuals, though not necessarily to all other parties, but only inconsistently preferred by authoritarian individuals. While more nuanced investigation is still needed, it is clear that, contrary to the assumptions in the authoritarianism literature, radical right-wing populist parties cannot always rely on authoritarian individuals for support.},
  author = {Dunn, Kris},
  journal = {Party Politics},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Preference for radical right-wing populist parties among exclusive-nationalists and authoritarians},
  url = {http://ppq.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/01/30/1354068812472587.abstract},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{levinsen2002individualisering,
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Levinsen, Klaus},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {169-194},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Individualisering og politiske værdier (x- Individualization and Political Values)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@article{andrew2013socialcultural,
  abstract = {Background: As end-of-life (EoL) care expands across Europe and the world, service developments are increasingly studied. The sociocultural context in which such changes take place, however, is often neglected in research. Aim: To explore sociocultural factors in EoL care in Belgium as represented by the literature. Design: A scoping of the empirical research literature following a systematic search procedure with a focus on thematic analysis based on the literature findings. Data sources: Searches were carried out in eight electronic databases, five journals, reference lists, and grey literature (through September 2010). Articles informing about sociocultural issues in EoL care were included. Results: One hundred and fifteen original studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority (107) published between 2000 and 2010. Four major themes were: Setting; Caregivers; Communication; and Medical EoL Decisions (the largest category). Minority Ethnic Groups was an emerging theme. Gaps included: research in Wallonia and Brussels; the role and experiences of informal caregivers; issues of access to palliative care; and experiences of minority ethnic groups. There was a paucity of in-depth qualitative studies. Conclusions: Various sociocultural factors influence the provision of EoL care in Belgium. This country provides a unique opportunity to witness how euthanasia is put into practice when legalized, in a context where palliative care is also highly developed and where many health care institutions have Catholic affiliation, providing an important example to others. Attention to how the sociocultural context affects EoL care adds to the current evidence base of service provision, which is essential in the further development of EoL care.},
  author = {Andrew, E V.W. and Cohen, Joachim and Evans, Nathalie and Meñaca, Arantza and Harding, Richard and Higginson, Irene and Pool, Robert and Gysels, Marjolein},
  journal = {Palliative Medicine},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {131-143},
  title = {Social-cultural factors in end-of-life care in Belgium: a scoping of the research literature},
  url = {http://pmj.sagepub.com/content/27/2/131.short},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2013
}

@article{christensen2001condizione,
  author = {Christensen, P Venturelli},
  journal = {Il Ponte},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 5,
  pages = {21-22},
  title = {La Condizione della Famiglia: Italia e Danimarca a confront},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.ilponte.dk^http://www.ilponte.dk/Dicembre%202001.htm},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@article{alm2006russian,
  abstract = {Purpose: This paper examines citizens' attitudes toward paying taxes - what is sometimes termed their "tax morale" or the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes - focusing on the experience of individualsin the Russian Federation before, during, and after the transition from a planned socialist economy to amarket-based economy.Design/methodology/approach: Micro-level data for Russia from the World Values Survey andthe European Values Survey for the years 1991, 1995, and 1999 are used to estimate the determinantsof individuals' attitudes toward paying taxes. The data also allow the examination of the evolution oftax morale in the regions of Russia.Findings: The estimation results show decay in tax morale in the first four years of thetransition, and a small recovery in 1999. Significant regional differences in tax morale are also found.Research limitations/implications: The results are consistent with the relevance of social normsin tax compliance, where the widespread perception of tax evasion and of a corrupt and inefficientstate led initially to a decline of tax morale. The results also indicate that the restoration of a higherlevel of trust in the state, after some progress in the transition to a market economy, positivelyinfluenced tax morale.Practical implications: The results suggest, once tax morale is crowded out, it is difficult forgovernment to raise tax morale very quickly back to previous levels. Doing so requires designing taxsystems, tax administrations, and government structures that inspire trust and pride in governmentaland legal institutions.Originality/value: A unique aspect of the analysis is the ability to study tax morale at theindividual level before (1991), during (1995), and shortly after (1999) the Russian transition.},
  author = {Alm, James and Martinez-Vazque, Jorge and Torgler, Benno},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Economics},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {832-857},
  title = {Russian attitudes toward paying taxes - before, during, and after the transition},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2006
}

@book{halman2008changing,
  abstract = {This book presents the trends in beliefs and values of people in 85 countries around the world from 1981 to 2004. Based on survey data collected in 1981-1984 and 1989-1993 by the European Values Study, the 1995-1997 World Values Surveys and the 1999-2004 European Values Study and World Values Surveys, it examines trends in human values concerning economics, politics, religion, family, gender roles, civic engagement and ethical concerns and important contemporary issues such as the environment, technology, identity, life satisfaction and human happiness. It is a valuable tool for understanding the cultural patterns of countries and how human values are changing. It will be useful to social scientists, journalists, business executives, politicians and policy-makers working in an increasingly globalized world.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Halman, L.},
  isbn = {9789004157781, 9004157786},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  number = 11,
  pages = 274,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Changing values and beliefs in 85 countries: trends from the values surveys from 1981 to 2004},
  year = 2008
}

@article{welzel2002effective,
  abstract = {This article demonstrates that low corruption and high female representation are two characteristics of elite quality that go closely together and help make "formal" democracy increasingly "effective." However the quality of elites is not an inherently independent phenomenon but is shaped by a pervasive mass factor: rising self-expression values that shift cultural norms toward greater emphasis on responsive and inclusive elites. Self-expression values, in turn, tend to be strengthened by growing human resources among the masses. Considered in a comprehensive perspective, these various components are linked through the emancipative logic of Human Development: (1) human resources, (2) self-expression values, (3) elite quality, and (4) effective democracy all contribute to widen the scope of human autonomy and choice in several aspects of people lives, including their means and skills, their norms and values, as well as their institutions and rights.},
  author = {Welzel, C.},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {3-5},
  pages = {317-349},
  title = {Effective democracy, mass culture, and the quality of elites: The human development perspective},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{brechon2006cultures,
  abstract = {Cet ouvrage analyse, dans une perspective interdisciplinaire et, le cas échéant, comparatiste, les idéologies politiques qui ont marqué l'Allemagne aux XIXe et XXe siècles. La notion même de parti, les processus de constitution et d'institutionnalisation des organisations politiques au cours du XIXe siècle constituent un premier objet d'étude aux dimensions socio-historiques. Les familles politiques constituées sous l'Empire wilhelmien sont étudiées selon des approches sociologique, historique et politologique. Dans les contributions centrées sur le XXe siècle, la réflexion est orientée sur les ruptures et les continuités que l'on peut observer dans l'histoire des grandes cultures politiques. Dans le cadre d'une comparaison entre l'Allemagne et la France sont analysés les fonctionnements des groupes et « fractions » politiques dans les parlements des deux pays ainsi que les réponses allemandes et françaises aux enquêtes sur les valeurs des Européens menées en 1981, 1990 et 1999. Ce volume réunit des contributions de spécialistes allemands et français d'origine disciplinaire différente, socio-historiens, politistes, historiens ou germanistes, et dépasse ainsi le cadre restreint d'une analyse relevant uniquement de l'histoire politique pour intégrer l'étude des structures organisationnelles, de la composition sociologique des électorats et des instances dirigeantes ainsi que celle du rapport que les partis entretiennent avec des organisations connexes (associations, groupes d'intérêts, syndicats) et, enfin, des idéologies ou cultures politiques qui sous-tendent leur programme.},
  address = {Lyon},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Cultures politiques et partis au XIX° et XX° siècles : l'exemple allemand},
  editor = {Saint-Gille, Anne-Marie},
  isbn = {978-2-7297-0780-4},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {245-263},
  publisher = {Presses universitaires de Lyon},
  title = {Les cultures politiques en Allemagne et en France : approche comparée des résultats de l'enquête sur les valeurs européennes},
  url = {http://presses.univ-lyon2.fr/produit.php?id_produit=747},
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{dekker2003civil,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Dekker, Paul and Ester, Peter and Vinken, Henk},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {217-253},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Civil Society, Social Trust and Democratic Involvement},
  year = 2003
}

@article{kerkhofs1992waardenverschuivingen,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Cultuur in Beweging},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {21-24},
  title = {Waardenverschuivingen in Europa en België (x- Value Shifts in Europe and Belgium)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 19,
  year = 1992
}

@incollection{kerkhofs1995lglise,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  booktitle = {Tous les chemins ne mènent plus à Rome},
  editor = {Luneau, René and Michel, Patrick},
  isbn = {2226079378},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {107-130},
  publisher = {Albin Michel},
  title = {L'église et ses intellectuels},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{dobbelaere1997luhmann,
  address = {Leuven / Amersfoort},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel},
  booktitle = {Sociale Systemen Bestaan: Een Kennismaking met het Werk van Niklas Luhmann},
  editor = {Laermans, Rudi},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {181-196},
  publisher = {Acco},
  title = {Luhmann en de Analyse van de Godsdienst: Enkele Denkpistes (x- Luhman and the Analysis of Religion: Some Thoughts)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{halman2009european,
  address = {Minsk},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Hagenaars, J.A.P. and Moors, G.B.D.},
  booktitle = {Contemporary Person's Value World: Belarus in the project "European Values Study"},
  editor = {Bulynko, D.M. and Danilova, A.N. and Rotman, D.G.},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {35-52},
  publisher = {Belarusian State University Press},
  title = {A map of European cultures. A research of main value orientations shared by European countries population},
  year = 2009
}

@article{cohen2006trends,
  abstract = {Background: We wanted to examine how the acceptance of euthanasia among the general public in Western Europe has changed in the last decades, and we wanted to look for possible explanations. Methods: We analysed data from the European Values Surveys, held in 1981, 1990, and 1999-2000 in 12 West European countries. In each country, representative samples of the general public were interviewed using the same structured questionnaire in all countries. Euthanasia was explained in the questionnaires as terminating the life of the incurably sick'. Results: A total of 46 199 respondents participated in the surveys. A significant increase in acceptance of euthanasia could be observed in all countries except (West) Germany. While the average increase in euthanasia acceptance was 22%, the increase was particularly obvious in Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. Although changes in several characteristics of respondents, such as decrease in religious beliefs, rising belief in the right to self-determination, and (to a lesser extent) rise in levels of education, were associated with growing acceptance of euthanasia, they could only partly explain the increase of euthanasia acceptance over the years. Conclusions: An increase of euthanasia acceptance among the general public took place over the last two decades in almost all West European countries, possibly indicating a growing support for personal autonomy regarding medical end-of-life decisions. If this trend continues, it is likely to increase the public and political debate about the (legal) regulation of euthanasia under certain conditions of careful medical practice in several West European countries.},
  author = {Cohen, J. and Marcoux, I. and Bilsen, J. and Deboosere, P. and Wal, G van der and Deliens, L.},
  journal = {European Journal of Public Health},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {663-669},
  title = {Trends in acceptance of euthanasia among the general public in 12 European countries (1981-1999)},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2006
}

@article{wright2013cloth,
  abstract = {An oft-made claim is that national identity (NI) can function as social glue underpinning public support for the welfare state by encouraging the identification with co-nationals essential for redistribution. Empirical tests have largely ignored the possibility that the relationship depends on the kind of NI people hold, that various dimensions of welfare support are shaped by NI differently, and that these relationships depend on demographic context. Analyzing the European Values Study's 2008 wave, we find ample evidence that these distinctions matter: ethnic conceptions of NI are linked to general welfare state support, whereas civic and cultural ones are not. Moreover, all three national self-conceptions induce welfare chauvinism against immigrants, albeit to varying degrees, an effect that strengthens as immigrant diversity increases. Ultimately, we find nothing to suggest that NI can sustain public support for redistribution in an ever-diversifying age, and much to the contrary.},
  author = {Wright, Matthew and Reeskens, Tim},
  doi = {10.1080/13501763.2013.800796},
  journal = {Journal of European Public Policy},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1443-1463},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Of what cloth are the ties that bind? National identity and support for the welfare state across 29 European countries},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13501763.2013.800796#.U1Z-jPl_vuI},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2013
}

@article{christoforou2010social,
  abstract = {In this paper, we offer an empirical investigation of the relationshipbetween social capital and human development across European countries for thepost-war period. We argue that social organizations contribute directly to broaderwelfare aspects of development as part of the third sector of the economy, whichundertakes the provision of public goods, such as health and education, in synergywith state institutions. This is counter to views that associate social organizationswith anti-growth rent-seeking and lobbying activities. We begin with amultivariate regression analysis, which reveals that membership in socialorganizations is positively associated with human development, along with stateinstitutions of public expenditure and the quality of governance. We then conducta case study analysis to explore further the historical and cultural contextualfactors of European welfare systems that determine the capacity of third sectororganizations to enhance generalized co-operation, synergistic relations and socialwelfare against particularist interests.},
  author = {Christoforou, Asimina},
  journal = {Journal of Institutional Economics},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {191-214},
  title = {Social capital and human development: an empirical investigation across European countries},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2010
}

@article{ott2005level,
  abstract = {Utilitarians and egalitarians have different priorities. Utilitarians prioritize the greatest level of happiness in society and are prepared to accept inequality, while egalitarians prioritize the smallest differences and are willing to accept a loss of happiness for this purpose. In theory these moral tenets conflict, but do they really clash in practice? This question is answered in two steps. First I consider the relation between level and inequality of happiness in nations; level of happiness is measured using average responses to a survey question on life satisfaction and inequality is measured with the standard deviation. There appears to be a strong negative correlation; in nations where average happiness is high, the standard deviation tends to be low. This indicates harmony instead of tension. Secondly I consider the institutional factors that are likely to affect happiness. It appears that level and equality of happiness depend largely on the same institutional context, which is another indication for harmony. We may conclude that the discussion between utilitarians and egalitarians is of little practical importance. This conclusion implies that increasing income inequality can go together with decreasing inequality in happiness and this conclusion provides moral support for Governments developing modern market economics.},
  author = {Ott, J.},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {397-420},
  title = {Level and Inequality of Happiness in Nations: Does Greater Happiness of a Greater Number Imply Greater Inequality in Happiness?},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{vala2004social,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Vala, Jorge and Lima, Marcus and Lopes, Diniz},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 7,
  pages = {139-163},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Social Values, Prejudice and Solidarity in the European Union},
  year = 2004
}

@book{brechon2009france,
  abstract = {L'individualisme triomphant aurait tout emporté, terrassant, en France, tout attachement aux valeurs. Des propos assez convenus qui ne résistent pas aux analyses du présent ouvrage qui s'appuie sur la quatrième grande enquête consacrée aux valeurs des Français (après celles de 1981, 1990, 1999). En plus de 50 fiches commentées, tout est passé en revue : relations familiales, travail, institutions, économie, vivre ensemble On y découvre le panorama le plus fiable de la société française. Quelles sont les valeurs qui ont le plus été remises en cause ? Quelles sont celles qui, au contraire, sont devenues dominantes et font consensus ? Les résultats, souvent surprenants, permettent de saisir les évolutions les plus marquantes et de tenter des explications. Comment faut-il interpréter, par exemple, la demande de permissivité privée et lattachement à lordre public, ou bien encore le bricolage des croyances dans une société sécularisée ? Un ouvrage à mettre entre toutes les mains de ceux qui veulent  ou prétendent  connaître les Français.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Tchernia, Jean-François},
  isbn = {9782200243135},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 320,
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {La France à travers ses valeurs},
  url = {http://www.armand-colin.com/livre.php?idp=329526&query=Br%E9chon&type[]=t&type[]=a&tp[]=livre&tp[]=revue&start=},
  year = 2009
}

@article{blom1988familie,
  abstract = {An examination of several empirical models of the relevance of the family for subjective quality of life. Data from the Norwegian values study demonstrate that satisfaction with one's home life is the most important predictor of overall life satisfaction, happiness, & affect balance. Married people & cohabitors have the highest scores of quality of life measures. Differences between the sexes are mostly insignificant, refuting the argument of Jessie Bernard (The Future of Marriage, New York: Bantam Books, 1972) that marriage benefits the husband & harms the wife. Traditional family values are positively correlated with subjective aspects of the quality of life. 4 Tables, 74 References. Modified HA.},
  author = {Blom, Svein and Listhaug, Ola},
  issn = {0040716X},
  journal = {Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {5-28},
  title = {Familie og livskvalitet (Family and Quality of Life)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 29,
  year = 1988
}

@article{schweisguth2002lventail,
  annotation = {special issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Schweisguth, Etienne},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {161-176},
  title = {L'éventail des normes sociales},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@misc{bogomilova2007secularization,
  author = {Bogomilova, N.},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  pages = {200-217},
  title = {Secularization or religion rebirth in post- communist countries: The European perspective},
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{zanders1995changing,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Zanders, Harry and Harding, Stephen},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {195-216},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Changing Work Values in Europe and North America: Continents and Occupations Compared},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{kerkhofs1987makes,
  address = {Brussel},
  annotation = {also published in French},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  booktitle = {Europe, Dream-Adventure-Reality},
  editor = {Rossman, M L.},
  isbn = {313259542},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {230-233},
  publisher = {Elsevier Brussel},
  title = {What Makes Europeans Tick},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1987
}

@incollection{dobbelaere1996europische,
  address = {Paderborn},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel and Voyé, Liliane},
  booktitle = {Vatikanum II und Modernisierung},
  editor = {Kaufmann, Franz-Xaver and Zingerle, Arnold},
  isbn = {3506742523},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {209-232},
  publisher = {Ferdinand Schöningh},
  title = {Europäische Katholiken und die katholische Kirche nach dem zweiten Vatikanischen Konzil},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@article{abbruzzese1994litalia,
  author = {Abbruzzese, Salvatore},
  journal = {Micromega},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {123-132},
  title = {L'Italia dei valori},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 4,
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{dieznicolas2008values,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Díez-Nicolás, Juan},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {247-273},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Values and Generations in Spain},
  year = 2008
}

@article{hafnerfink2013national,
  abstract = {The article contributes to the literature on the changing concept ofcitizenship in the process of globalisation. It sets out from the thesis that the classic concepts of citizenship, which are linked to the nation state, are slowly but steadily losing their monopoly on explaining the relationship between individuals, the political community and government. Based on a theoretical discussion of the new models of citizenship, the authors seek to identify the elements of post-national citizenship. The main research goal of the analysisis to discover the conditions in which elements of post-national citizenship are most likely to occur. The analysis is based on aggregated individual (survey) data (from the ESS 2008 and the EVS 2008) and macro contextual data on European Union countries. On the macro (country) level, the authors conduct a hierarchical cluster analysis and crisp set QCA and make the following findings. First, two groups of countries are formed: (a) a fairly homogeneous group of six post-national citizenship countries; and (b) a more heterogeneousgroup of classic citizenship countries. Second, post-national citizenship is to be expected in countries in which the following conditions are combined: on the one hand, secularised and post-industrial societies with less emphasis on a knowledge society, and on the other hand, societies with a stable national status where  knowledge is important.},
  author = {Hafner-Fink, Mitja and Malnar, Brina and Uhan, Samo},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {867-901},
  title = {The National Contexts of Post-national Citizenship},
  url = {http://sreview.soc.cas.cz/uploads/6ad25539d0c0094c287b537fe3e9061f8f73b258_13-6-02Uhan20.indd.pdf},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2013
}

@article{quaranta2014collective,
  abstract = {Political participation is deemed to be a fundamental component of democratic regimes. The literature on political participation has shown that some social groups of citizens tend to be less involved in politics than other social groups, and the consequence is that the interests of these specific groups of less involved citizens are underrepresented in the political process. Given the increasing popularity of non-violent protest in contemporary democracies, it is important to understand whether political inequalities are present in this form of political engagement. In this article, we argue that non-violent protest may present inequalities, that examining the consequences of public social spending can help in understanding the cross-national differences in the levels of non-violent political protest, and that political inequalities in non-violent protest may vary according to public social spending. We test our argument using sources that include the European Values Study (19802009), multilevel models, and contextual data provided by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.},
  author = {Quaranta, Mario},
  doi = {10.1080/17448689.2014.944684},
  journal = {Journal of Civil Society},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {294-316},
  title = {Collective and Privat Resources and the Inequalities of Non-violent Political Protest in European Countries},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17448689.2014.944684#.VGde5MlwpOJ},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{harding1984values,
  address = {London},
  annotation = {Also published in: J. Vandamme (ed.), Pour une nouvelle politique sociale en Europe. Paris: Economica.},
  author = {Harding, Stephen},
  booktitle = {New Dimensions in European Social Policy},
  editor = {Vandamme, Jacques},
  isbn = {709924739},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {77-94},
  publisher = {Croom Helm},
  title = {New Values and Mutation in Society},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1984
}

@book{fogarty1984irish,
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Fogarty, M Patrick and Ryan, Liam and Lee, Joseph},
  isbn = {907271359},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 298,
  publisher = {Dominican Publications},
  title = {Irish Values & Attitudes: the Irish Report of the European Value Systems Study},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1984
}

@incollection{dalton2003social,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Dalton, R J. and Hac, P Minh and Nghi, P Thanh and Ong, N T.},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {139-156},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Social Relations and Social Capital in Vietnam: Findings from the 2001 World Values Survey},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{galland2001reprsentations,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  editor = {Galland, Olivier and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {2747517985},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {Les représentations des rôles adultes},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@book{abela1991transmitting,
  address = {Rome},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 340,
  publisher = {Jesuit Publications, Valletta & Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana},
  title = {Transmitting Values in European Malta: A Study in the Contemporary Values of Modern Society},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://staff.um.edu.mt/aabe2/B2.htm},
  year = 1991
}

@incollection{deutsch2008civic,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Deutsch, Franziska and Welzel, Christian and Wucherpfennig, Julian},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {199-217},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Civic Values and Value Change in Austria and Germany},
  year = 2008
}

@misc{hoepfner2013degree,
  author = {Hoepfner, Daniel},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {To what degree is European Identification about the EU?},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{roudet2001lamiti,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Roudet, Bernard and Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  editor = {Galland, Oliver and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {2747517985},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {L'amitié, une valeur toujours centrale},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@book{denz2001konfliktgesellschaft,
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Denz, Hermann and Friesl, Christian and Polak, Regina and Zuba, Reinhard and Zulehner, P M.},
  isbn = {3707601021},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 254,
  publisher = {Czernin Verlag},
  title = {Die Konfliktgesellschaft - Wertewandel in Österreich 1990-2000},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{belot2014soutien,
  author = {Belot, Céline and Guinaudeau, Isabelle},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {151-165},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Le soutien des citoyens à l'intégration européenne: quel rôle pour les clivages politiques traditionnels?},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{kuhar2012frozen,
  author = {Kuhar, Metka and Reiter, Herwig},
  booktitle = {1989 - Young People and Social Change after the fall of the Berlin Wall},
  editor = {Leccardi, Carmen and Feixa, Carles and Kovacheva, Siyka and Reiter, Herwig and Sekulic, Tatjana},
  isbn = {9789287171832},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {75-98},
  title = {Frozen Transitions? Young People in the former Yugoslavia},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{kerkhofs1995toekomst,
  address = {Tielt},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  booktitle = {Bakens in de Storm},
  editor = {Forrier, W. and Leroy, P. and van Malleghem, P. and Steyaert, Jan and Storme, M E. and Traest, G.},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {71-90},
  publisher = {Lannoo},
  title = {De Toekomst van de Waarden en de Waarde van de Toekomst (x- The Future of Values and the Value of the Future)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{pettersson2003individual,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {209-233},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Individual Values and Global Governance: A Comparative Analysis of Orientations towards the United Nations},
  year = 2003
}

@article{dobbelaere1984godsdienst,
  annotation = {april 1984},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel},
  journal = {Streven},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {594-603},
  title = {Godsdienst en Kerk in België (T- Religion and Church in Belgium)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1984
}

@article{tubergen2006religious,
  abstract = {This study examines the religious affiliation and participation of immigrants front a large-scale, comparative perspective. I propose a "specific migration" framework, in which immigrants' religiosity is an outcome of both individual characteristics and contextual properties I-elated to immigrants' country of origin, country of destination, and combinations of origin and destination (i.e., communities). I use notions discussed in the religion and migration literature that fit into this scheme. To test these ideas, I collected and standardized 20 existing surveys on immigrants in eight Western countries, yielding about 38,000 immigrants. Applying multilevel models, I found, among other things, that: (1) immigrants from countries with higher levels of modernization express lower levels of religious commitment; (2) immigrants in religious countries are more religious themselves; and (3) the well-documented higher levels of religious commitment among women is not generalizable to immigrants.},
  author = {Tubergen, F van},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-22},
  title = {Religious affiliation and attendance among immigrants in eight western countries: Individual and contextual effects},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2006
}

@article{perovic2010satisfaction,
  abstract = {In this paper we identify the factors that have infl uenced average life satisfactionfor Croatians based on data collected in reports from 1999 and 2006. Our analysisof the data from the European Values Survey (EVS) reveals that in 1999 lifesatisfaction was higher for people who were married, those who were employed,and those who had an income between 5,001 and 8,000 Croatian kuna (HRK) permonth. Life satisfaction was U-shaped in age, minimizing around the age of 50.Th ere appeared to be little correlation between life satisfaction and education level.Based on our analysis of the 2006 data from the United Nations DevelopmentProgram (UNDP), we fi nd that in 2006 life satisfaction was higher for people whowere married, those who were employed, those who were out of the labor force,those with a university degree, and those with higher incomes. Th e impact of agein 2006 was U-shaped as it was in the 1999 data, minimizing around the age of 58.},
  author = {Perović, Lena Malešević},
  journal = {Croatian Economic Survey},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {45-81},
  title = {Life Satisfaction in Croatia},
  url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/503449397/fulltextPDF?accountid=14338},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2010
}

@book{inglehart1996north,
  abstract = {This book examines basic value changes that are transforming life in North Amerca as old economic boundaries become outmoded, and an increasingly compatible cultural perspective replaces long-standing narrow nationalism. The authors present solid empirical evidence - cross-national and over time - that what Americans, Canadians, and Mexicans want out of life is changing in analogous ways and reinforcing economic integration.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Nevitte, Neil and Basañez, Miguel},
  isbn = {202305570},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 198,
  publisher = {Aldine de Gruyter},
  title = {The North American Trajectory: Cultural, Economic and Political Ties among the United States, Canada and Mexico},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1996
}

@article{reitsma2012believing,
  abstract = {This paper investigates (trends and determinants of) individual combinations of religious believing and belonging in Europe from a cross-national and longitudinal perspective. Individual level data for the period 1981-2007 in 42 countries derived from the European Values Survey and the European Social Survey are harmonised and enriched with contextual characteristics, constituting a more comprehensive data base for Europe than any previous research. Complementary hypotheses from modernisation and market theories are derived systematically and tested rigorously. We find differential trends. In western societies, the popularity of secularity and consistent religiosity has persisted. In former communist societies, the popularity of consistent religiosity has increased whereas secularity has decreased. In both western and former communist societies, solitary religiosity has been a clear yet small phenomenon, somewhat increasing in western societies and somewhat decreasing in former communist societies. A crucial hypothesis derived from modernisation theories, stating that financial and social security would decrease consistent religiosity, is empirically supported.},
  author = {Reitsma, Jan and Pelzer, Ben and Scheepers, Peer and Schilderman, Hans},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {611-632},
  title = {Believing and Belonging in Europe: Cross-national comparisons of longitudinal trends (1981-2007) and determinants},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616696.2012.726367#.U58Ql_l_vuI},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2012
}

@article{halman2006social,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Luijkx, R.},
  issn = {1476413},
  journal = {Portuguese Journal of Social Science},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {65-90},
  title = {Social capital in contemporary Europe: Evidence from the European Social Survey},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2006
}

@article{doerrenberg2014finish,
  abstract = {This paper examines the relationship between 'tax morale' and tax policy. Using a unique cross-country data set based on the World Values Survey and the World Tax Indicators, we find that income groups with high tax morale face higher average and marginal tax rates. We propose three possible mechanisms which could help to explain our results: i) an inverse elasticity argument where governments seek to minimize distortions, ii) a political economy argument where governments take voting behavior into account, and iii) an administrative costs argument where taxing high morale groups is more cost efficient.},
  author = {Doerrenberg, Philipp and Duncan, Denvil and Fuest, Clemens and Peichl, Andreas},
  doi = {10.1111/kykl.12042},
  journal = {Kyklos International Review for Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {29-53},
  title = {Nice Guys Finish Last: Do Honest Taxpayers Face Higher Tax Rates?},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/kykl.12042/full},
  volume = 67,
  year = 2014
}

@article{inglehart2003solid,
  abstract = {A decade has passed since the Third Wave of democratization brought an avalanche of new, relatively unstable democracies into being, raising the question, "How solid is support for democracy in these countries?" In the intervening years, public support for democracy has faded in some countries, many of which are democratic in name only. It is unclear how long even the pretense of electoral democracy will survive in the Soviet successor states, apart from the Baltics (Brzezinski 2001). The prospects for democracy in Islamic countries seem particularly poor, with some writers arguing that the basic values of Islamic publics may be incompatible with liberal democracy (Huntington 1993, 1996). This article examines this claim, using the 1999-2001 wave of the World Values Survey, which includes 10 Islamic countries, making it possible for the first time to compare the Islamic world with other major cultural zones. We find surprisingly widespread support for democracy among Islamic publics at least by conventional measures.},
  author = {Inglehart, R.},
  journal = {PS: Political Science & Politics},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {51-57},
  title = {How solid is mass support for democracy - And how can we measure it?},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2003
}

@book{defois1983leurope,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Defois, Gérard},
  isbn = {2227430362},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book french},
  pages = 79,
  publisher = {Centurion},
  title = {L'Europe et ses valeurs, une question pour l'Eglise},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1983
}

@article{cohen2014public,
  abstract = {ObjectivesIn recent years, the European euthanasia debate has become more intense, and the practice was legalized in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. We aimed to determine the current degree of public acceptance of euthanasia across Europe and investigate what factors explain differences.MethodsData were derived from the 2008 wave of the European Values Survey (EVS), conducted in 47 European countries (N = 67,786, response rate = 69 %). Acceptance of euthanasia was rated on a 1-10 scale.ResultsRelatively high acceptance was found in a small cluster of Western European countries, including the three countries that have legalized euthanasia and Denmark, France, Sweden and Spain. In a large part of Europe public acceptance was relatively low to moderate. Comparison with the results of the previous EVS wave (1999) suggests a tendency towards a polarization in Europe, with most of Western Europe becoming more permissive and most of Eastern Europe becoming less permissive.ConclusionsThere is roughly a West-East division in euthanasia acceptance among the European public, making a pan-European policy approach to the issue difficult.},
  author = {Cohen, Joachim and van Landeghem, Paul and Carpentier, Nico and Deliens, Luc},
  doi = {10.1007/s00038-013-0461-6},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Health},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {143-156},
  title = {Public acceptance of euthanasia in Europe: a survey study in 47 countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-013-0461-6},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2014
}

@book{pollack2012religiser,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Pollack, Detlef and Tucci, Ingrid and Ziebert, Hans-Georg},
  isbn = {978-3-531-18697-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 288,
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  title = {Religiöser Pluralismus im Fokus quantitativer Religionsforschung},
  url = {http://www.springer.com/springer+vs/soziologie/book/978-3-531-18696-2},
  year = 2012
}

@article{geciene2000gyvenimo,
  annotation = {Summary in English, p. 525.},
  author = {Geciene, I.},
  journal = {Kulturologija},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {278-294},
  title = {Gyvenimo kokybe Lietuvoje 1990 ir 1999 metais (Life Quality in Lithuania: 1990-1999)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{dogan2000class,
  address = {London},
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  booktitle = {Party Systems and Voters Alignments: Revisited},
  editor = {Karvonen, L. and Kuhle, S.},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {93-114},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Class, Religion, Party: Triple Decline in Electoral Cleavages in Western Europe},
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{nikodem2012religiosity,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav},
  booktitle = {Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and Religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989-2010},
  editor = {Pickel, Gert and Sammet, Kornelia},
  isbn = {978-3-531-17540-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {175-196},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  title = {Religiosity and Marriage. Family Attitudes in Croatia},
  url = {http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/164/bok%253A978-3-531-93326-9.pdf?auth66=1397129223_abb71ec3a48af907275412d6116f4a8f&ext=.pdf},
  year = 2012
}

@article{strapcova2005percepcia,
  abstract = {Perceptions on Inequality and on the Causes of Poverty in Slovakia. In this paper, popular perceptions on inequality and on the causes of poverty in Slovakia are analysed. The paper begins with the assumption that recognising popular perceptions will enable us to identify how socially marginalized people are represented in our society and what kinds of social policy measures are perceived as appropriate by the public. Our theoretical concept is based on a two dimensional typology with four basic types of poverty explanation: 1. individual blame or blaming-the-poor approach, 2. social blame or blaming-the-state approach, 3. individual fate and 4. social fate. In addition to an empirical analysis, an assessment is made as to whether perceptions are shaped by basic principles present in the judgment process (self-interest, i.e. the underdog principle, or enlightenment principle). The dynamics of changes in public opinion are examined through available comparative datasets (European Values Study 1991 and 1999, Society 2004). The results show that the individual socio-economic position has an effect on the preferred explanation of poverty causes. The higher the socio-economic position, the more stigmatising the opinion.},
  author = {Strapcova, Katarína},
  journal = {Sociológia},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 5,
  title = {Percepcia nerovností a príčin chudoby na Slovensku},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{abela2000values,
  address = {Malta},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  booktitle = {Malta Year Book 2000},
  editor = {Clews, S J.A.},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {522-527},
  publisher = {De La Salle Publications},
  title = {Values for the Year 2000},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2000
}

@misc{minagawa2003differentials,
  author = {Minagawa, Yuka},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Differentials in Quality of Life across Eastern Europe: Evidence Based on Healthy Life Expectancy},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{loose2003europe,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Loose, Donald},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {469-476},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Europe: A Question Onto Itself?},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{draulans2003religious,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Draulans, Veerle and Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {371-400},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Religious and Moral Pluralism in Contemporary Europe},
  year = 2003
}

@article{sevcikova2014roles,
  abstract = {The aim of this study was to examine how young people are intentionally or unintentionally exposed to sexual material on the internet. A sample from the EU Kids Online II project, including youth (N= 11,712, 11-16 years, 50 % girls)from 25 countries, was used to examine predictors of unintentional exposure to online sexual material (EOSM) via pop-up images and intentional EOSM on adult/X-rated websites. Using a multilevel analysis, we considered several individual-level predictors (psychosocial characteristics, patterns of internet use, and parental mediation), one country-level predictor (mean cultural liberalism of the country), and cross-level interactions. Except for gender, the study did not identify any specific patterns of individual-level predictors for unintentional and intentional EOSM: age, sensation seeking, sexual intercourse, amount of time spent online, level of digital skills, and degree of restrictive mediation predicted both types of EOSM. Intentional EOSM was more often reported by boys, while unintentional EOSM occurred to a similar degree among boys and girls. Finally, living in a country with a stronger culture of liberalism predicted a greater likelihood of intentional but not unintentional EOSM and also was associated with smaller gender differences in intentional EOSM.},
  author = {Ševčíková, Anna and Šerek, Jan and Barbovschi, Monica and Daneback, Kristian},
  journal = {Sexuality Research and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {104-115},
  title = {The Roles of Individual Characteristics and Liberalismin Intentional and Unintentional Exposure to Online SexualMaterial Among European Youth: A Multilevel Approach},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13178-013-0141-6},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2014
}

@phdthesis{loughran2014values,
  abstract = {It has long been argued that underlying values should hold a central role in political analysis (Easton 1953). This would seem increasingly relevant in an era of de-alignment and catch-all parties in which political actors often make direct values orientated appeals to the electorate instead of relying on the social allegiances of voters (Norris and Inglehart 2004). The influence of values on individual vote choice preferences has often been subsumed within broader socio-structural or rational choice models of voting, such as party ID or spatial measures. With the expansion in appropriate data and measures available to empirical researchers, the last two decades have seen a substantial increase in the number of studies directly addressing the values-voting relationship (Schwartz 1992, Feldman 2003). This existingempirical literature has generally focused on analysing the role of values on voting in single electoral contexts. While this approach has generated many useful findings in establishing the role of values in differentiating political choice, it has not yet demonstrated the causal mechanisms which couldhighlight the wider significance of values to electoral choice research (Leimgruber 2011). In addition there is little work that considers the impact of political context on the values-voting relationship. This paper aims to go some way to addressing these gaps by taking a comparative, cross-national approach. Firstly, it aims to test the viability of political identity in mediating the influence of values on voter preferences by using left-right identity as mediator in a path analysis at the European wide level. Secondly it will measure the effects of contextual factors, such as party polarisation and the effective number of parties, onthe values-voting relationship by comparing values models of voting in 15 West European Democracies. It is argued firstly that mediation influence of left-right highlights the complexity and variation in the values-voting relationship. Secondly, values have a greater role in influencing voter choice in countries in which the party system is more polarised. The analysis presented in this paper utilises data from the European Values Survey (1990-2008) to develop nuanced latent measures of political values, with the aim of developing models that can highlight the causal mechanisms that render values relevant to vote choice decisions. Results from Structural Equation path models will be presented.},
  address = {Manchester},
  author = {Loughran, Thomas},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  pages = 51,
  publisher = {University of Manchester},
  title = {A values based electorate? How does electoral context influence the relationship between political values and voting in West European Democracies?},
  url = {http://www.stis.ed.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/161002/Loughran_EPOP_Edinburgh_Paper_20141.pdf},
  year = 2014
}

@article{listhaug1985public,
  abstract = {The literature suggests two major theoretical explanations for public resistance to taxation. The first emphasizes a cognitive, instrumental, utility-maximizing response to objective elements of taxation and government spending. The second treats contemporary tax revolts as the result of more enduring ideological predispositions, disaffection from politics in general and the result of social mobilization by anti-government protagonists. In this article we confront the self-interest model and the symbolic politics model with empirical evidence at both the aggregate level and at the micro-level. In the macro-analysis we examine the relationship between the level of taxation and the acceptance of tax cheating in twelve Western nations; in the micro-analysis we perform a more detailed study of Norway, employing survey data. The over-all results clearly show the strongest support for the symbolic politics model, while the self-interest explanation is only weakly supported by the data. An important finding is that political attitudes and values have their strongest and most consistent impact among the politically uninvolved. This result further substantiates the symbolic politics model.},
  author = {Listhaug, Ola and Miller, A H.},
  issn = {3044130},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {265-282},
  title = {Public Support for Tax Evasion: Self-Interest or Symbolic Politics?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 13,
  year = 1985
}

@incollection{aishvanvaerenbergh1994algunas,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Aish-van Vaerenbergh, Anne-Marie and Rabier, Jacques-Rene},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, R F.},
  isbn = {8481120227, 9788481120226},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {595-615},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Algunas reflexiones metodológicas sobre la investigación estadística intercultural sobre los valores},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{seligman1994thoughts,
  address = {London},
  author = {Seligman, A.},
  booktitle = {A New Europe? Social Change and Political Transformation},
  editor = {Rootes, C. and Davis, H.},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {188-201},
  publisher = {UCL Press},
  title = {Some thoughts on trust, collective identity, and the transition from state socialism},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{halman1998family,
  address = {Jyvaskyla, Finland},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {Designs for alienation. Exploring diverse realities},
  editor = {Kalekin-Fishmann, D.},
  isbn = {9513901998},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {99-122},
  publisher = {SoPhi University of Jyvaskyla},
  title = {Family patterns in contemporary Europe: Results from the European Values Study 1990},
  year = 1998
}

@article{halman1994variations,
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  journal = {European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {15-38},
  title = {Variations in Tolerance Levels in Europe: Evidence from the Eurobarometers and European Values Study},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{latcheva2012concept,
  abstract = {Strengthening its citizens identification with the process of European integration in general and with EU institutions and policies in particular has become one of the major challenges for the European Union today. The increasing diversification of European societies, a result of processes of globalisation and new kinds of differentiation and migration, forces political actors at different levels  local, regional, national, and EU  to address issues of citizenship and identity as a means to counteract social conflict and the fragmentation of societies. Identity politics on the European level, that is, attempts to create a collective identity through a redefinition of loyalties and attachments, aims at enhancing a consciousness of being European and thus at creating enduring forms of political and social integration.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Latcheva, Rossalina and Datler, Georg and Rossbacher, Eva},
  booktitle = {Methods, Theories, and Empirical Applications in the Social Sciences},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18898-0_29},
  editor = {Salzborn, Samuel and Davidov, Eldad and Reinecke, Jost},
  isbn = {978-3-531-17130-2},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {235-248},
  publisher = {VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften},
  title = {The Concept of European Identity: Overused and Underspecified?},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-531-18898-0_29},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{zanders1994veranderende,
  address = {Leuven/Amersfoort},
  author = {Zanders, Harry},
  booktitle = {Op Zoek naar de Arbeidersklasse},
  editor = {de Witte, Hans},
  isbn = {9033429314},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {292-316},
  publisher = {Acco},
  series = {Hiva},
  title = {Veranderende Arbeidsoriëntaties in Europa 1981-1990 (x- Changing Labour Orientations in Europe 1981 - 1990)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{brechon2007crossnational,
  address = {London},
  author = {Bréchon, P.},
  booktitle = {The Sage Handbook of the Sociology of Religion},
  editor = {Beckford, J A. and Demerath, N J.},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {463-489},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Cross-national comparisons of individual religiosity},
  year = 2007
}

@article{coutinho2012beliefs,
  abstract = {This paper presents results of the author's PhD research: Catholic beliefs and practices, attitudes toward marriage, life and sexuality. The empirical support is a survey made to a sample of 500 students from Lisbon public universities, using a non-random sampling in two phases, first a quota sampling and after a convenience one. There are some results that stand out. More than half of students of the sample call themselves Catholic and believe in the dogmatic representations about God, Jesus and Mary, though other dogmatic beliefs as hell, purgatory and resurrection are much lower. There is some spirituality among students, although the importance of God is less important. The frequencies of the Mass, prayer, Holy Communion, confession are all very low. The attitudes toward marriage, life and sexuality lie between 'some' and 'very', with abortion having the smallest rating and contraception the highest. In general, undergraduate youth is away from the norms of the Church. At the same time, these youngsters believe and belong more than they practice.},
  author = {Coutinho, José P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  issn = {2175-5841},
  journal = {Horizonte: Revista de Estudos de Teologia e Ciências da Religião},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 26,
  pages = {432-455},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Beliefs, practices and attitudes of portuguese undergraduate youth},
  url = {http://periodicos.pucminas.br/index.php/horizonte/article/download/P.2175-5841.2012v10n26p432/3991},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2012
}

@article{elmenouar2009socioeconomic,
  abstract = {Die Türkei als EU-Beitritts-Kandidat findet gegenwärtig große Beachtungin der Werteforschung. Im Unterschied zu der Länder vergleichenden Perspektive bisheriger Studienwerden in diesem Artikel ausgewählte Regionen der Türkei in den Blick genommen, um demimmensen Entwicklungsgefälle innerhalb der Türkei Rechnung zu tragen. Es wird untersucht, inwieweitsich Wertvorstellungen zwischen Regionen der Türkei unterscheiden und inwieweit diesein Übereinstimmung mit Annahmen der Modernisierungstheorie mit unterschiedlichen Graden ansozioökonomischer Entwicklung einhergehen. Dabei wird zwischen Werten der demokratischenKultur, Säkularität sowie Familien- und Geschlechtergleichstellung unterschieden. Es wird angenommen,dass weniger liberale Einstellungen, eher intolerante Haltungen und eine Orientierungan Autoritäten in den wirtschaftlich schwach entwickelten Regionen zu finden sind, währendwirtschaftlich starke und sozial differenzierte Regionen ein höheres Ausmaß an Toleranz undBefürwortung individueller Autonomie aufweisen. Die Entwicklungsgrade von elf verschiedenenRegionen werden zunächst anhand von Daten aus der amtlichen Statistik der Türkei wie demBSP, Bildungsniveau, Verstädterungsgrad, der Verteilung von Beschäftigten in den wirtschaftlichenSektoren und der Anzahl der Kinder pro Frau identifiziert. Auf Grundlage der Daten dereuropäischen Wertestudie aus dem Jahr 2000 werden dann die Thesen durch die Anwendung multiplerKorrespondenzanalysen überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass analog zu den Annahmender Modernisierungstheorie gravierende Werteunterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Regionender Türkei in den genannten drei Wertebereichen zu finden sind. Unabhängig vom sozioökonomischenEntwicklungsgrad scheinen aber auch spezifische Kontexteffekte wie die Minderheitensituationund die politische Lage in einer Region Werte zu beeinflussen.},
  author = {El-Menouar, Yasemin and Fritz, Martin},
  journal = {Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  pages = {535-561},
  title = {Socio-Economic Development and Value Orientations in Eleven Regions of Turkey  (Soziookonomische Entwicklung und Wertvorstellungen in elf Regionen der Turkei)},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2009
}

@incollection{riis1992religion,
  address = {Kobenhavn},
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  booktitle = {Religion en grundborg til et fag},
  editor = {Andersen, A.},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {290-305},
  publisher = {Reitzel.},
  title = {Religion},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1992
}

@article{gundelach2004happiness,
  abstract = {Based on the European Value Survey 1999, this article analyzes happiness and life satisfaction in nine rich, industrialized countries with different levels of perceived happiness. Using graphical modeling, the statistical analysis showed that happiness and life satisfaction are related but are different concepts and that contextual as well as individual variables are important in explaining their variations. One of the most important results is that happiness depends on whether the respondent lives in a stable relationship and on country characteristics. Life satisfaction was related to the respondent's feeling of control and his or her country of residence. In an aggregated analysis, the country-specific variables were analyzed, showing that social capital was the most important predictor of happiness.},
  author = {Gundelach, P. and Kreiner, S.},
  journal = {Cross-Cultural Research},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {359-386},
  title = {Happiness and life satisfaction in advanced European countries},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{gelissen2003crossnational,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Gelissen, John},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {339-370},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Cross-national Differences in Public Consent to Divorce: Effects of Cultural, Structural and Compositional Factors},
  year = 2003
}

@book{pollini2012italia,
  abstract = {I risultati della quarta indagine sui valori degli europei, una ricerca a carattere internazionale promossa e realizzata dalla European Values Study (EVS). L'indagine ha coinvolto 47 Paesi europei, comparando gli orientamenti di valore maggiormente rilevanti nella vita sociale e nella cultura di ognuna delle popolazioni indagate e offrendo un importante apporto alla conoscenza delle identità culturali delle nazioni coinvolte.},
  address = {FrancoAngeli},
  author = {Pollini, Gabriele and Pretto, Albertina and Rovati, Giancarlo},
  edition = {Milano},
  isbn = {9788820405724},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  series = {Sociologia per la persona},
  title = {L 'Italia nell'Europa: i valori tra persistenze e trasformazioni},
  url = {http://www.francoangeli.it/Ricerca/Scheda_libro.aspx?CodiceLibro=1571.5},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{abela2004solidarity,
  address = {Malta},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  booktitle = {The Value(s) of a Constitution for Europe},
  editor = {Xuereb, Peter},
  isbn = {9990967288, 9789990967289},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {71-101},
  publisher = {European Documentation and Research Centre, University of Malta},
  title = {Solidarity and Religion in the European Union: A Comparative Sociological Perspective},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {http://staff.um.edu.mt/aabe2/EDRC%20Abela.pdf},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{garelli2013changing,
  author = {Garelli, Franco and Ricucci, Roberta},
  booktitle = {Prayer in Religion and Spirituality},
  editor = {Giordan, Giuseppe and Woodhead, Linda},
  isbn = {789004260481},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 4,
  pages = {53-76},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {Annual Review of the Sociology of Religion},
  title = {Changing Attitudes towards Prayer: Comparison between European and Italian Trends},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/annual-review-sociology-religion},
  year = 2013
}

@article{dogan1995decline,
  abstract = {A comparative analysis of fundamental beliefs in twenty countries, based on three international surveys. The rapid decline in beliefs over the last two decades is confined, geographically, to Western Europe. The analysis deals with the importance of God in people's lives, perceptions of a personal God (who knows each human being personally) or a spiritualized force, religious socialization, the significance of prayer & the Bible, & the loss of faith in correlation with age groups & the dynamic of generations. The key idea is that it is possible to check, sociologically, whether God is present or absent in people's minds. Belief in the existence of God is an observable social fact. The decline in the strength of belief in certain dogma leads to doubt & indifference rather than atheism.},
  author = {Dogan, Mattei},
  issn = {208701},
  journal = {International Social Science Journal},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {405-418},
  title = {The Decline of Religious Beliefs in Western Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {XLVII},
  year = 1995
}

@article{nn2013vermgen,
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Context},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {11-13},
  title = {Vermögen in Deutschland: nach wie vor ungleich verteilt},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{moor2009ongoing,
  abstract = {This chapter proposes a shift from questions regarding which god do people believe in to questions about what characteristics people attribute to their gods. More specifically, it addresses the question of how individual and societal characteristics that refer to industrialization and democratization affect the belief in Heaven and Hell of individuals living in agrarian, industrial and post-industrial societies. We test the argument of Norris and Inglehart that human security decreases people's religiosity against Topitsch's analogy argument which stipulates that ideas about the unknown are modeled on what's known and important to people. Using the European Values Surveys and the World Values Studies (wave 1999/2000), we studied people's belief about Heaven and Hell: the belief that both Heaven and Hell exist, the belief that only Heaven exists, and the belief that none exist. The findings show that ongoing industrialization has a negative impact on people's belief in Heaven and Hell, especially on people's belief in Hell.},
  author = {Moor, Nienke},
  booktitle = {Explaining worldwide religious diversity. The relationship between subsistence technologies and ideas about the unknown in pre-industrial and (post-)industrial societies},
  isbn = {978-90-90247472},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {111-141},
  title = {Ongoing industrialization and people's belief in Heaven and Hell},
  year = 2009
}

@article{rossi2014complex,
  author = {Rossi, Giovanna},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Family Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {173-199},
  title = {The Complex Relationship between Values and Couple Patterns},
  url = {https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-376109720/the-complex-relationship-between-values-and-couple},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2014
}

@book{riis1996metoder,
  address = {Århus},
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  isbn = {8772886072},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 157,
  publisher = {Aarhus universitetsforlag},
  title = {Metoder og teorier i religionssociologien (x- Methods and Theories of the Sociology of Religion)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1996
}

@book{bailey1992social,
  author = {Bailey, J.},
  isbn = {978-0582068094},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 304,
  publisher = {Longman Publishing Group},
  title = {Social Europe},
  year = 1992
}

@article{tomka2004transformations,
  abstract = {Si, jusqu'à une période récente, les théories sociologiques sur la modernisation et la sécularisation partageaient le même point de vue d'une perte de sens de la religion, voire de sa disparition, la plupart opposent désormais à ce concept la thèse de l'individualisation du religieux et celle de la désinstitutionalisation ou, plus exactement, de la disparition des Églises ; elles défendent l'idée d'une transformation de la religion mais non de son effacement. Sur un plan empirique, la réactivation de l'islam, l'apparition de nouvelles formes de religiosité et de nouveaux mouvements religieux et, enfin, une restauration religieuse en Europe centrale et orientale semblent rendre discutable la thèse de la sécularisation. Après avoir réfléchi sur les relations entre sociétés et religions en Europe centrale et orientale dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle et analysé les données récentes sur la situation religieuse et l'état des Églises dans cette région de l'Europe, l'auteur dresse un bilan qui tente de répondre à ces différentes questions théoriques.},
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  issn = {3380599},
  journal = {Revue: d'Études Comparatives Est-Ouest},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {11-35},
  title = {Les transformations religieuses en Europe centrale et orientale},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2004
}

@misc{noelleneumann1984lebenswerte,
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  pages = {9-18},
  title = {Lebenswerte Heute (X- Today's Values of Life)},
  type = {Generic},
  year = 1984
}

@incollection{knutsen2006traditional,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Knutsen, Oddbjørn},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {115-150},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {The End of Traditional Political Values?},
  year = 2006
}

@article{baert2013impact,
  abstract = {This study directly assesses the impact of military work experience compared with civilian work experience in similar jobs on the subsequent chances of being hired in the civilian labour market. It does so through a field experiment in the Belgian labour market. A statistical examination of our experimental dataset shows that in general we cannot reject that employers are indifferent to whether job candidates gained their experience in a civilian or a military environment.},
  author = {Baert, Stijn and Balcaen, Pieter},
  journal = {Economics},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {2013-37},
  pages = {1-17},
  title = {The impact of military work experience on later hiring chances in the civilian labour market: Evidence from a field experiment},
  url = {http://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/82638},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2013
}

@article{sobotka2003demographic,
  abstract = {A dramatic change in fertility, family formation and living arrangements took place in theCzech Republic over the 1990s. The establishment of democracy, profound social transformationand transition to the market economy affected the values and demographic behaviour of the youngCzech generation. This paper examines whether these demographic shifts can be interpreted withinthe framework of the second demographic transition. The theoretical part discusses the idea of thetransition, outlining three distinctive conceptualisations. Two of them - the view of the transition asa progression of characteristic interrelated demographic changes and a broader view stressing theimportance of underlying ideational factors - fit the Czech situation very well. A comparison withthe Netherlands reveals that the onset of the transition in the Czech Republic may be clearly locatedin the first half of the 1990s, lagging two decades behind the Netherlands.},
  author = {Sobotka, Tomáš and Zeman, Krystof and Kantorova, Vladimira},
  journal = {European Journal of Population},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {249-277},
  title = {Demographic Shifts in the Czech Republic after 1989: A Second Demographic Transition View},
  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/h13677376474q3n5/fulltext.pdf},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{nevede2013islamophobie,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Nève de, Dorothée},
  booktitle = {Religion und Politik im vereinigten Deutschland: Was bleibt von der Rückkehr des Religiösen?},
  editor = {Pickel, Gert and Hidalgo, Oliver},
  isbn = {978-3-531-94181-3},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {196-220},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Islamophobie in Deutschland und Europa},
  url = {http://www.springer.com/springer+vs/soziologie/wissen+%7C+diskurs/book/978-3-531-18344-2},
  year = 2013
}

@techreport{trautmann2012social,
  abstract = {We test whether and how membership in the upper class affects ethical behavior in a large representative population sample. Using objective measures of socioeconomic status to define class, we find no evidence of a general tendency for upper class to be less ethical, although we do replicate previous findings that higher status leads to less condemnation of infidelity. We also find evidence that higher class status leads to more self-focus and disengagement, as previously shown in laboratory studies with convenience samples.},
  address = {Cambridge, USA},
  author = {Trautmann, Stefan and {Kuilen, van de}, Gijs and Zeckhauser, R Jay},
  institution = {Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  series = {HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series},
  title = {Social Class and (Un)ethical Behavior: Evidence from a Large Population Sample},
  url = {http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:8832940},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{halman1995individualisering,
  address = {Stockholm/Stehag},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {I tider av uppbrott. Värderingar och värderingsförändringar i det moderna samhaellet},
  editor = {Anshelm, Jonas},
  isbn = {9171392653},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {11-36},
  publisher = {Symposion},
  title = {Individualisering och värdefragmentering (x- Individualization and Value Fragmentation)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{hodgkinson2003volunteering,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Hodgkinson, V A.},
  booktitle = {The Values of Volunteering: Cross-Cultural Perspectives},
  editor = {Dekker, Paul and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {0306477378, 0306478544},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {35-54},
  publisher = {Kluwer academic/Plenum publishers},
  series = {Non-profit and Civil Society Studies},
  title = {Volunteering in Global Perspective},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2003
}

@article{gundelach1993kunne,
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  journal = {Vital},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {6-8},
  title = {Man skal kunne styre sig},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 9,
  year = 1993
}

@article{reeskens2013those,
  abstract = {As comparative research has repeatedly demonstrated that societies where people trust each other more easily are better able to generate a series of positive externalities, the study of generalized trust has taken pandemic forms. However, critical voices have warned that the levels of trust (the intensity to cooperate) are conceptually different from the radius of trust (with whom you would cooperate) (Fukuyama in Trust. The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. Free Press, New York, 1995). In this article, the classic trust question, i.e. whether most people can be trusted or whether you cannot be too careful, is brought in relation with tolerance towards cultural minorities, people with deviant behavior, and political extremists, as surveyed in the 2008 wave of the European Values Study. The results point to a hierarchy in social tolerance, furthermore indicating that while trusters are more inclusive towards cultural minorities and people with deviant behavior, they are not substantially more tolerant towards extremist political voices compared to distrusters. Also, the radius of trust is context dependent, with especially economic modernization determining how wide the radius of trust is. We relate the findings of this study with recent research outcomes and implications for trust research.},
  author = {Reeskens, Tim},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {703-722},
  title = {But Who Are Those 'Most People' That Can Be Trusted? Evaluating the Radius of Trust Across 29 European Societies},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11205-012-0169-7},
  volume = 114,
  year = 2013
}

@book{calvaruso1985indagine,
  address = {Torino},
  author = {Calvaruso, Claudio and Abbruzzese, Salvatore},
  isbn = {8805038768},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 245,
  publisher = {SEI},
  title = {Indagine sui valori in Italia. Dai post-materialismi ala ricerca di senso},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1985
}

@inproceedings{crpic2002obrisi,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Črpić, Gordan},
  booktitle = {Mogućnosti organiziranog djelovanja vjernika laika u Hrvatskoj, Simpozij hrvatskih vjernika laika, Osijek, 5-6.10.2001},
  editor = {Hranić, Đuro},
  isbn = {953151495x},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {619-638},
  publisher = {Kršćanska sadašnjost},
  title = {Obrisi vjere i morala hrvatskih sveučilišnih i veleučilišnih profesora (Outline of the beliefs and morality of Croatian universiti and college professors)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@article{brechon1995europens,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {63-84},
  title = {Les Européens et la politique (x- Europeans and Politics)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 200,
  year = 1995
}

@article{voicu2009religion,
  abstract = {European societies have experienced a decrease in the social importance ofreligious issues. Values and attitudes towards gender roles have also changedin the last decades. In European countries, people have become more egalitarianwith respect to the position of women in society. The author tries to identifythe relationship between secularization and changes in gender values. Asa result of secularization, the individual value system has become fragmentedand religious values have lost their coordinating role. The investigation employscross-national and longitudinal analysis of European Values Survey data (1990,1999), most of the European countries being included in the study. The resultsindicate the decreasing impact of traditional religious belief on values related togender roles during the 1990s in Europe and a common pattern of relationshipsbetween gender values and religiosity in most European societies.},
  author = {Voicu, Malina},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  title = {Religion and Gender across Europe},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2009
}

@article{popova2012social,
  abstract = {The paper focuses on the role of social capital reconstruction after an ethnic conflict, addressing the importance of citizenship (re-)building for the political and economic development. Exploring the lessons learned from Bosnia and Herzegovina, the paper identifies several levels, at which policy efforts should be directed in order to ensure achievement of expected outcomes. Social capital is a complex mechanism that enables coherence and functioning of any societal system and especially of a state. If elements of social capital do not match, if the macro-level of social capital does not embrace a relevant micro-level, the system is in risk of failure and collapse. When a social capital of a political unit (e.g. state) is in focus, it could be regarded as a security factor. The findings can be applied to assess developments and to evaluate the stability risk in newly emerging states and countries in transition to democracy.},
  author = {Popova, Zora},
  journal = {Journal of Regional Security},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {77-96},
  title = {The Social Capital as a Security Factor},
  url = {http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=97a383505dec4626a8073decddd9a003},
  year = 2012
}

@book{timms1992family,
  address = {Aldershot},
  author = {Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {1855212013},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 116,
  publisher = {Dartmouth},
  title = {Family and Citizenship: Values in Contemporary Britain},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1992
}

@article{matausic2000praenje,
  abstract = {The observed tendency towards informing about political events with the citizens of different age corresponds with other results obtained in other studies, which deal with the changes in the structures of political attitudes and with the generations that came through the political socialisation in the era of socialism and the generations that have been socialised after the establishment of the political multi-party system.
Older respondents show more interest in politics, get more often informed on political events via the media, but also pay more trust in the institutions of the political system. All this outlines the experience of the political system in a non-differentiated form, without the independent media, typical for the socialistic social system, but also present, to a large extent, in the multi-party system. Therefore the connection between following the media and the frequency of attending liturgies is of no surprise. On the other hand, estrangement of younger generations from politics, but also from the media, is a consequence of the war as well as of a slow process of detachment of politics from the economic part of everyday life.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Matausič, Mirko and Rimac, Ivan},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {485-498},
  title = {Praćenje medija i odnos prema vrednotama (Following the Media and Attitude towards Values)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49422},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@article{savicka1998materialism,
  author = {Savicka, Aida},
  journal = {Spectrum: Studies in the History of Culture},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {171-187},
  title = {Materialism and Postmaterialism in Lithuanian Culture},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1998
}

@article{kacprowicz2014values,
  abstract = {Ukraine is at the beginning of deep changes, which most probably will affect all the segments of its society. Ukrainians "shifted" westward with its values, dreams and the ideas about the future.},
  author = {Kacprowicz, Grazyna and Konieczna-Salamatin, Joanna},
  journal = {Aspen Review Central Europe},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {42-48},
  title = {Values and the Future of Ukraine},
  url = {http://www.aspeninstitute.cz/en/aspen-revue-2014-01/},
  year = 2014
}

@book{harding1986contrasting,
  address = {London},
  author = {Harding, Stephen and Phillips, D R.},
  isbn = {0333386787, 9780333386781},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 274,
  publisher = {Macmillan},
  title = {Contrasting Values in Western Europe. Unity, Diversity & Change},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1986
}

@incollection{juknevicius2003restitution,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Juknevicius, Stanislovas and Savicka, Aida},
  booktitle = {The Values of Volunteering. Cross-Cultural Perspectives},
  editor = {Dekker, Paul and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {0306477378, 0306478544},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {127-142},
  publisher = {Kluwer academic/Plenum publishers},
  series = {Nonprofit and civil society studies},
  title = {From Restitution to Innovation: Volunteering in Postcommunist Countries},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{dechaux2006lentraide,
  author = {Déchaux, Jean-Hugues and Herpin, Nicolas},
  booktitle = {L'épreuve des inégalités},
  editor = {Lagrange, Hugues},
  isbn = {978-2-13-055814-9},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 1,
  pages = {153-191},
  publisher = {PUF},
  series = {Le lien social},
  title = {L'entraide familiale n'accroît pas la cohésion sociale},
  url = {http://www.puf.com/Autres_Collections:L'%C3%A9preuve_des_in%C3%A9galit%C3%A9s},
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{dalsgaardclausen2002vrdierne,
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Dalsgaard Clausen, Jakob and Koch-Nielsen, Inger},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Værdierne i det frivillige arbejde},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{halman2001religion,
  abstract = {Social capital is an increasingly popular concept among scientists, politicians and the media. It is regarded as a remedy for many of the failures of modern society and seen as wonder glue conducive to feelings of happiness and to better performing economies and democracies. In this article we are not so much concerned with the consequences of social capital for society, but we focus on why some people have higher levels of social capital than others. We argue that this is not only due to a number of personal characteristics but also to contextual or country features. We therefore formulate hypotheses about the effects of individual and macro or country characteristics that were tested using the survey data from the European Social Survey (2002). The results demonstrate that the impact of macro characteristics is rather modest compared to the effects of individual attributes. It also seems that social capital is a multifaceted phenomenon that cannot be captured by one single measure.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston/Koln},
  author = {Halman, L. and Pettersson, T.},
  booktitle = {Research in the social scientific study of religion},
  editor = {Moberg, D O. and Piedmont, R L.},
  isbn = {9789004121997},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {65-94},
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {Religion and Social Capital in Contemporary Europe: Results from the 1999/2000 European Value Study},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{gubert1995analysis,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Gubert, Renzo},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361, 9789036196369},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {179-194},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Analysis of Regional Differences in the Values of Europeans},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{berns2003european,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Berns, Egidius},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {449-462},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {European Surrogate},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{baloban2005marriage,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip and Črpić, Gordan},
  booktitle = {In Search of Identity. A Comparative Analysis of Values: Croatia and Europe},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip},
  isbn = {9532122567},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {115-144},
  publisher = {Golden Marketing - Tehnicka knjiga},
  title = {Marriage: The Institution that is Expected from - and which is not Invested in!},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2005
}

@article{lee1997postmaterialist,
  author = {Lee, A R. and Kidd, Q.},
  journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {36-43},
  title = {More on postmaterialist values and the environment},
  volume = 78,
  year = 1997
}

@article{berggren2015globalization,
  abstract = {Abstract Tolerance – respecting those who are different – is arguably of particular importance in an era of globalization, where a potential for economic, social and personal development is increasingly a function of interaction with others different from oneself. We investigate whether globalization induces parents to want to instill tolerance in their children, the main idea being that this quality would equip children for greater success in a more integrated world. Using a survey measure, we indeed find that globalization enhances the willingness to transmit such social values. More precisely, economic and social, but not to the same extent political, globalization has this effect, as shown by using the \{KOF\} Index of Globalization in regression analysis of up to 59 countries. Extreme bounds analysis and outlier tests indicate robustness. Overall, our results suggest that certain kinds of globalization seem able to shape values in ways considered desirable by many. },
  author = {Berggren, Niclas and Nilsson, Therese},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2015.02.005},
  issn = {0147-5967},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics },
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {371 - 389},
  title = {Globalization and the transmission of social values: The case of tolerance},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596715000293},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2015
}

@article{doring1992higher,
  abstract = {A secondary analysis of the 'European Values Survey' tests some of the theoretical conclusions regarding the rationality of trust and distrust in established institutions. A reanalysis of the data set's question relating to confidence in ten particular institutions shows that the expected impact of higher education on confidence in institutions to punish governments for breach of trust applies only to those countries with a long, uninterrupted tradition of upholding civil liberties. In these countries multivariate analyses reveal a latent pattern of 'civil society' which is the most important dimension of how institutions are perceived by respondents.},
  author = {Döring, Herbert},
  issn = {10.1080/01402389208424910},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {126-146},
  title = {Higher Education and Confidence in Institutions: A Secondary Analysis of the European Values Survey 1981-83},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 15,
  year = 1992
}

@article{odegard1995legality,
  abstract = {In the democratic vision there should be opportunities for citizens to exercise power over government decisions. Legal and constitutional arrangements ought to be supported by public opinion. Therefore statutes should ideally mirror the dominant attitude of the population. In the drugs field, there has been a sharpening of sentences given in Norway and in a number of countries that cannot be matched in any other area in which society applies penal sanctions. This article raises the question of whether this trend in the level of punishment has developed in harmony with popular opinion, something which both supporters and opponents of penalties of greater severity seem to take for granted.},
  author = {Odegard, E.},
  journal = {British Journal of Criminology},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {525-542},
  title = {Legality And Legitimacy - On Attitudes To Drugs And Social Sanctions},
  volume = 35,
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{pettersson1995cultural,
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {In the Eye of the Beholder},
  editor = {Svallfors, Stefan and Kangas, Olli},
  isbn = {9163033348},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {104-115},
  publisher = {The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation},
  title = {Cultural Change, Cultural Diversity and the Basic Grammar of Justice},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@book{noelleneumann1987verletzte,
  address = {Stuttgart},
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth and Köcher, Renate},
  isbn = {3548346960, 3421063311},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 447,
  publisher = {Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt},
  title = {Die verletzte Nation},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1987
}

@article{gulev2012cultural,
  abstract = {Within a unified Europe that is heading towards ever more harmonization, it is interesting to examine why there exists such diversity in tax regimes among its countries. Is it possible that some of the decisions pertaining to taxation are based on latent cultural aspects? This study, set in a purely European context, seeks to analyze tax variations within Europe through the lens of cultural variations. Specifically, how trust, confidence and  equality matter with regard to tax revenues and tax progressivity. Within this regard, we achieved strong results linking trust and confidence to higher tax revenues and higher tax progressivity. That is, where trust among societal members is low and confidence in public institutions is low, regimes opt for low tax revenues and lenient tax rates. It is argued that where mistrust is high, the issue of income distribution between societal members is likely to stay within the private or individual sphere. Conversely, countries with high trust among societal members exhibit higher levels of income distribution by delegatingmore responsibility to public institutions, reflected in higher tax revenues and more progressive tax structures.},
  author = {Gulev, R Ellemose and Lierse, Hanna},
  journal = {International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {91-108},
  title = {Cultural Repercussions: Extending Our Knowledge about How Values of Trust and Confidence Influence Tax Structures within Europe},
  url = {http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=2d09a9b8d08f4a8fb760b4b66f7e4cd1},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2012
}

@article{rijken2008explaining,
  abstract = {This article contributes to the search for explanations of the cross-national variation in fertility rates by studying the influence of social policy, economic and cultural factors on fertility in the former EU15, while giving special attention to one case: The Netherlands. This country lacks good social policy for supporting parents to combine work and care and nevertheless has a relatively high fertility rate. This article addresses the backgrounds of that phenomenon, using comparative macro level data from several sources, such as 'the child benefit package', the European Values Studies, OECD and Eurostat. We argue that bivariate relationships cannot explain cross-national variation in fertility rates. Therefore, we analyse configurations of factors, which shows among others that high availability of part-time jobs for women constitutes only part of the explanation for the Dutch fertility level. Good economic prospects and high male wages in combination with relatively low female human capital make that Dutch families can afford children at their own costs when men work full-time and women work part-time. Therefore, the low level of social policy that supports parents in the indirect or direct costs of children does not result in low fertility rates.},
  author = {Rijken, A J. and Knijn, Trudie},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {763-786},
  title = {Explaining Dutch Fertility Rates In A Comparative European Perspective},
  url = {http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~content=a907227915~fulltext=713240928},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2008
}

@article{walter2001reincarnation,
  abstract = {A significant minority of Westerners believe in reincarnation, even though they do not belong to religions that teach it What is the relationship of their belief to personal identity? In areas of the world where reincarnation is accepted, one can identify three forms of pre-natal and/or post-mortem identity: the continuing self/soul, the dissolution of the self, and family identity. Comparable concepts within the contemporary West might be labelled modern, postmodern and kin-based. The article considers three forms of evidence from Britain: everyday conversation, the personal stories to be found in Reincarnation International magazine, and an interview study of thirty adults and twenty children. It is concluded that (1) the understanding of A as the reincarnation of close family member B, found in several American and African tribes and in popular Hinduism, maybe unusual in Britain; (2) in so far as people play with past identities, this cannot easily be squared with postmodern theories of the self; (3) the past identities constructed bear strong resemblance to current identities, and may be considered part of the modernist project of the self.},
  author = {Walter, T.},
  journal = {Sociology-the Journal of the British Sociological Association},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {21-38},
  title = {Reincarnation, modernity and identity},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2001
}

@article{girard1985franais,
  abstract = {The results of an opinion poll on values, conducted simultaneously in nine West European countries, constitute the substance of a work published in 1983 by Jean Stoezel and entitled Les valeurs du temps présent. Enquête européenne (Paris, P.U.F.). The present paper analyses in particular that data collected in France. The main areas investigated were morality and religion, family and professional lives, attitudes towards the economic system and towards political ideology. Religious beliefs and political preferences, in a reciprocal relation, make up a veritable system in terms of which attitudes may be differentiated. On a graduated scale, the French may be situated at the moment of the enquiry a bit "left" of the average for the other European countries investigated. However, neither in France nor elsewhere can we find a rupture between two opposed groups: a strong majority of the public decides in favour of central positions.},
  author = {Girard, Alain and Stoetzel, Jean},
  journal = {Revue Française de sociologie},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {3-31},
  title = {Les Français et les valeurs du temps présent},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3321802},
  volume = {XXVI},
  year = 1985
}

@article{joshanloo2014thinking,
  abstract = {This paper reports on a multilevel study of 75 nations, which tests two hypotheses that arose from considering Tolstoysexperience of thinking about the meaning and purpose of life. The globalisation-as-exacerbator hypothesis predicts thatas globalisation increases, the relationship between thinking about the meaning and purpose of life and life satisfactionbecomes more negative. The religiosity-as-buffer hypothesis predicts that as religiosity increases, the relationship betweenthinking about the meaning and purpose of life and life satisfaction becomes more positive. The results presented heresupport both hypotheses. We also found that it is religious attendance (not religious belief) that functions as a buffer in therelationship between thinking about the meaning and purpose of life and life satisfaction.},
  author = {Joshanloo, Moshen and Weijers, Dan},
  journal = {Journal of Psychology in Africa},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {73-81},
  title = {Does thinking about the meaning of life make you happy in a religious and globalised world? A 75-nation study},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14330237.2014.904093#.VDi_BWeSy2w},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{millangame1994masculinfminin,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Millan-Game, Helena},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Français},
  editor = {Riffault, Hélène},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {227-250},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France},
  title = {Masculin/Féminin (x- Masculine/Feminine)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{kaasa2016culture,
  abstract = {It is commonly accepted that innovations play an important role in economic development and growth. Besides the research and development (R&D) activity as an important input, the innovation process is additionally influenced by many other factors. One of the factors that have received much attention in the literature is the overall level of human capital of a particular country.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli},
  booktitle = {Re-thinking Diversity: Multiple Approaches in Theory, Media, Communities, and Managerial Practice},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-11502-9_5},
  isbn = {978-3-658-11502-9},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {83-107},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  title = {Culture as a Possible Factor of Innovation: Evidence from the European Union and Neighboring Countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11502-9_5},
  year = 2016
}

@book{elzo1990jvenus,
  author = {Elzo, Javier and Others},
  keywords = {1990 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Vitoria Gasteiz: Servicio Central de publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco},
  title = {Jóvenus Vascos 1990. Informe Sociológico sobre comportamientos, actitudes y valores de la juventud vasca actual y de su evolución en los últimos cuatro años},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1990
}

@book{juknevicius2002skirtingumo,
  address = {Vilnius},
  annotation = {Summary in English},
  author = {Juknevicius, Stanislovas},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  title = {Skirtingumo dimensijos -Lietuvos gyventoju vertybes europiniame kontekste- (Dimensions of Difference: The Values of Lithuanians in the European Context)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2002
}

@article{halman2004third,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Kerkhofs, J.},
  issn = {10695664},
  journal = {East-West Church & Ministry Report},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {8-9},
  title = {The Third European Values Study (1999-2000): Selected Findings on Religion and Ethics},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{fahey2004between,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Fahey, Tony and Smyth, Emer},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 7,
  pages = {57-80},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {The Link Between Subjective Well-Being and Objective Conditions in European Societies},
  year = 2004
}

@article{djankov2016happiness,
  abstract = {Abstract Citizens in Eastern Europe are less satisfied with life than their peers in other countries. This happiness gap has persisted over time, despite predictions to the contrary by earlier scholars. It holds after controlling for a variety of covariates, such as the standard of living, life expectancy and Eastern Orthodox religion. Armed with a battery of surveys from the early 1990s to 2014, we argue that the happiness gap is explained by how citizens in post-communist countries perceive their governments. Eastern Europeans link their life satisfaction to higher perceived corruption and weaker government performance. Our results suggest that the transition from central planning is still incomplete, at least in the psychology of people.  This paper is written as part of a symposium: Ukraine: Escape from Post-Soviet Legacy?},
  author = {Djankov, Simeon and Nikolova, Elena and Zilinsky, Jan},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2015.10.006},
  issn = {0147-5967},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics },
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {108 - 124},
  title = {The happiness gap in Eastern Europe},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596715000888},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2016
}

@article{gill1998religious,
  abstract = {The understanding and interpretation of the presumed secularization of Britain and other European nations is clouded by a lack of adequate information regarding the substance and timing of religious change. This paper represents the first systematic effort to collect and analyze existing survey data on religious belief in Britain from the late 1930s to the present. Overall, the results show an increase in general scepticism about the existence of God, the related erosion of dominant, traditional Christian beliefs, and the persistence of nontraditional beliefs. A theoretical perspective is needed that recognizes the often corrosive effects of modern life on the transmission of religious beliefs and the continued popularity of worldviews which presume a transcendent referent, however broadly defined.},
  author = {Gill, R. and Hadaway, C K. and Marler, P L.},
  issn = {0021-8294},
  journal = {Journal for the scientific study of religion},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {507-516},
  title = {Is religious belief declining in Britain?},
  volume = 37,
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{halman1999religious,
  address = {Leiden-Boston-Koln},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Pettersson, T. and Verweij, J.A.},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Quantitative Comparative Sociology},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  isbn = {9004114114},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 72,
  pages = {141-160},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {The religious factor in contemporary society: The Differential Impact of Religion on the Private and Public Sphere in Comparative Perspective},
  year = 1999
}

@article{silvestre1997perceptin,
  author = {Silvestre, M.},
  journal = {Revista Inguruak},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {93-114},
  title = {La perceptión de la función social de las mujeres en la sociedad vasca},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 18,
  year = 1997
}

@book{kufer2013europische,
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Kufer, Astrid},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro book german},
  publisher = {Lit Verl.},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Europäische Wertegemeinschaft? eine empirische Untersuchung gesellschaftlicher Werte in 27 EU-Staaten auf Basis sozialgeschichtlicher Analysen und aktueller Umfragedaten},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{carballo2008cultural,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Carballo, Marita},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {95-120},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Cultural Trends in Argentina: 1983-2000},
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{listhaug1988holdninger,
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Listhaug, Ola},
  booktitle = {Fred och förtroende. Säkerhetspolitiska opinioner och debattfrågor i Norden},
  editor = {Lindahl, Rutger and Lindgren, Karin},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Nordsam},
  title = {Holdninger til krig og fred i Europa},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1988
}

@incollection{brechon1996linfluence,
  address = {Berne},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Dynamiques et transitions en Europe. Approche pluridisciplinaire},
  editor = {Tapia, Claude},
  isbn = {3906754510},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {117-132},
  publisher = {Peter Lange},
  title = {L'influence des religions en Europe (x- The Influence of Religions in Europe)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@incollection{kerkhofs1995significato,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {23-38},
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {Il significato degli studi sui valori per il futuro dell' Europa (x- The Significance of the Values Study for Europe's Future)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{vlas2012where,
  abstract = {Starting from the growing importance of religion for politics, this article tests whether religion in Europe is connected with democratic attitudes. Analyzing and understanding such a relationship is essential for a better understanding of the prospects of present and future democratic consolidation. Our two-step approach aims to assess the variation and causal forces of democratic attitudes in Europe in the light of broader country-level factors and individual proclivities towards religion and politics. We use data from the European Values Study (1999) for the correlations and regression model. Our findings undermine the existing prejudices according to which Islam leads to authoritarian attitudes. Moreover, we illustrate the crucial roles played by satisfaction with democracy and confidence in the Church in shaping democratic attitudes across religions.},
  author = {Vlas, Natalia and Gherghina, Sergiu},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {336-351},
  title = {Where does religion meet democracy? A comparative analysis of attitudes in Europe},
  url = {http://ips.sagepub.com/content/33/3/336.short},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2012
}

@article{lambert1995postchrtienne,
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {85-112},
  title = {Vers une ère post-chrétienne?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 200,
  year = 1995
}

@book{abela1994shifting,
  abstract = {Shifting Family Values discerns signs of change in Maltese family values. A sociological analysis of the European Values Surveys (1981-1991) discovers change but also stability in Maltese attitudes towards sexuality, gender relations, marriage, resistance to divorce and the education of children in traditional family values. The western European trend towards greater individualization is experienced as a period of transition marked by the emergence of new social problems. Though the negative side of development is often countered by the people's resourcefulness, the author argues for the the development of social policy and social work for the provision of personalized and caring social services.},
  address = {Floriana},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  isbn = {9990920052},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 85,
  publisher = {Discern. Institute for Research on Signs of the Time},
  title = {Shifting Family Values in Malta},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://staff.um.edu.mt/aabe2/B4.htm},
  year = 1994
}

@misc{jovanovic2012trust,
  author = {Jovanović, Milos and Gavrilović, Danijela},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Trust and Legitimation - The Case of Serbia},
  year = 2012
}

@article{mohanty2012thick,
  abstract = {"Thick moralities" are those that reflect the values or way of life of a community, while "thin" moralities are those that reflect more basic claims to decency that can be recognized across even the most diverse moral communities. I use the 2008 European Values Study to examine attitudes towards immigration and the politics of left and right in the European Union and in the Schengen Area. I show that thick preferences increase opposition to immigration in Europe and that thin preferences increase openness to immigration. I also demonstrate that thick values lead to support for the right and that thin values lead to support for the left in the majority of the countries studied.},
  author = {Mohanty, Pete},
  issn = {1569-1322},
  journal = {Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {733-761},
  title = {Thick and Thin Public Sentiments and the Politics of Immigration in Europe},
  url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/15691330-12341243},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2012
}

@article{duque2013capital,
  abstract = {Keywords: social capital, sustainable development, social intelligence, social networks, identity, values. In the last decades, there has been a growing concern for an equitable and sustainable social development; hence development policies that have outlined have implied a concern for equity and justice, thus learning from the past to project the future. But those who appreciate the horizon, without diminishing the estate and the memory, live the present moment committed to facilitate the future. This position implies an attitude of citizens committed to the social. It is thus compromised and co-responsible entrepreneurship that comprises social capital as a means of sustainable development. This study seeks to understand the extent to which social capital is one of the determinants of sustainable development. One wonders, for this, the indicators that best measure social capital. In more specific, we seek to understand how far society has encouraged the Portuguese capital as a fundamental resource for development. This point is illustrated from the European Values Survey and, in a longitudinal, analyzes the Portuguese behavior between 1990 and 2008. The results show that the Portuguese are not yet sensitized to the issue of sustainable development, reveal very closed postures, little or nothing concerned with the construction of a more active and committed to the common good.},
  author = {Duque, Eduardo},
  journal = {Configurações},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 11,
  pages = {189-201},
  title = {Capital social como instrumento de desenvolvimento sustentável },
  url = {http://configuracoes.revues.org/1862 },
  year = 2013
}

@article{torgler2007shapes,
  abstract = {Objectives. Considerable evidence suggests that enforcement efforts cannot fullyexplain the high degree of tax compliance. To resolve this puzzle of tax compliance,several researchers have argued that citizens attitudes toward paying taxes, definedas tax morale, helps to explain the high degree of tax compliance. However, moststudies have treated tax morale as a black box, without discussing which factorsshape it. Additionally, the tax compliance literature provides little empirical researchthat investigates attitudes toward paying taxes in Europe. Methods. Thus, this articleis unique in its examination of citizen tax morale within three multiculturalEuropean countries, Switzerland, Belgium, and Spain, a choice that allows far moredetailed examination of the impact of culture and institutions using data sets fromthe World Values Survey and the European Values Survey. Results. The resultsindicate the tendency that cultural and regional differences affect tax morale. Conclusion.The findings suggest that higher legitimacy for political institutions leads tohigher tax morale.},
  author = {Torgler, Benno and Schneider, Friedrich},
  journal = {SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  title = {What Shapes Attitudes Toward Paying Taxes? Evidence from Multicultural European Countries},
  volume = 88,
  year = 2007
}

@article{nikodem2003moderno,
  abstract = {The theme of this article is a new socio-political system called "Inner Totalitarianism". The formation of this system is followed through development of science and philosophy. More precisely, it means transition from "black box theory" to theoretical approach that includes an observer as a part of the observing object. The beginning of "Inner Totalitarianism" is placed on boundaries between modern society and its postmodern condition. In this kind of socio-political system, the question of social stability and control moves from the field of power and represion to the field of happiness and entertainment. One of the main thesis of this article, and of a great importance for the understanding of the system typology, is that the process of socialization in the postmodern condition of society, mediated by computer technology and mass media, becomes a process of infatilization. In other words, social acceptable behaviour learning process becomes time reducing process. The notion of time here represents time section from appearance of one's wish to fulfilment of that wish. "Inner Totalitarianism" has essentially dystopian characteristics which mostly appear as a consequence of radically understood liberalism, on the one hand, and some old greed for power, on the other.},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav},
  journal = {Nova prisutnost},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {29-43},
  title = {Moderno društvo kao "tehničko društvo", Društveno-povijesna priprema za razvoj neljudskih oblika života (Modern Society as "Technical Society", Social and Historical Prelude to the Development of Inhuman Forms of Life)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/126880},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2003
}

@article{lesthaeghe2002forms,
  abstract = {A central explanatory mechanism used in the "second demographic transition" conceptualisation deals with the rise of values fostering individual autonomy, secularism, rejection of institutional regulation, "postmaterialism", tolerance for minorities, egalitarianism and emancipation, etc. Already in the late 1980s, there was an emerging debate in central and eastern Europe about the possibility that both such values and new forms of household formation would spread Eastward. A decade later the debate is still going on with the pitting of a "crisis thesis" against a "second transition" thesis. In our presentation will shall argue that these two clusters of explanations are (i) not mutually exclusive, and (ii) that they could well reinforce each other.The empirical analysis itself focuses on the verification of the ideational part of the explanation. Here, the data of the 1999 round of the European Values Studies (EVS) are used for 8 western countries, 7 central European ones, and 5 eastern populations. A total of 80 items are picked pertaining to various domains such as marriage, parenthood & family, civil and ethical morality, politics, religiosity, etc. These 80 items are studied according to 8 different household types, and a cross-sectional model (i.e. the "footprints") is developed on the basis of the "selection-adaptation" process as studied in longitudinal panels. Eighty "net" values profiles for 8 household positions result from this first round. In the next round, these data are further analysed via a correspondence analysis, resulting in a visualisation of proximities between items themselves, and between the 80 items and the 8 household positions. The results are available for the pooled data of western, central and eastern European countries (but also for smaller national units if sample sizes were sufficient).Has this second demographic transition values business any relevance outside western Europe? Did this spill over into central and eastern Europe?},
  address = {Geneva},
  author = {Lesthaeghe, Ron and Surkyn, J R.},
  journal = {Economic Survey of Europe},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {197-216},
  publisher = {U.N. Economic Commission for Europe},
  title = {New Forms of Household Formation in Central and Eastern Europe: Are They Related to Newly Emerging Value Orientations?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.vub.ac.be/SOCO/ron/SDT-Eastern%20Euro%20paper%20RL%20JS.pdf},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2002
}

@article{abela1995sociocultural,
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {Melita Theologica},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {125-142},
  title = {The Socio-Cultural Milieu of Holiness: Maltese Values in a Euro-Mediterranean Perspective},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {XLVI},
  year = 1995
}

@article{lambert2004turning,
  abstract = {The 1981 and 1990 European Values surveys largely supported the thesis of increasing secularisation in Western Europe. Almost all the variables showed a religious decline, which was even deeper among young people, except for beliefs in an afterlife. Peter Berger and Grace Davie have underlined the âEuropean exceptionâ in contrast to the rest of the world. However, the last survey in 1999 revealed significant changes. The downward trend is now counterbalanced by two new tendencies: a Christian renewal and the development of religiosity without belonging, especially among young people. In particular, beliefs in an afterlife are spreading. These tendencies vary according to country. Post-socialist Europe shows an even more developed religious renewal, in particular among the young.},
  author = {Lambert, Y.},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {29-45},
  title = {A turning point in religious evolution in europe},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2004
}

@article{lange2008communist,
  abstract = {This article studies potential legacy effects of a communistgender order, and in particular the impact on job satisfaction, in five Central and Eastern European labour markets. The empirical basis is derived from a sub-sample of the third wave of the European Values Study. There are substantial differences between male and female employees, some of which appear to reflect the persistent influence of a communist gender order, but several findings also highlight the importance of post-communist experiences. The evolving character of Central and Eastern European gender regimes requires a closer case-study approach to uncover the relationship with job satisfaction in further detail.},
  author = {Lange, Thomas},
  journal = {European Journal of Industrial Relations},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {327-346},
  title = {Communist Legacies, Gender and the Impact on Job Satisfaction in Central and Eastern Europe},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2008
}

@article{roussey2012trust,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the relationship between judicial resources and individuals trust in the justice system. We argue that the justice budget is likely to have a positive and significant impact on individuals trust in justice, thanks to its role as a signal when individuals face uncertainty regarding the judicial environment. We test this hypothesis empirically using three different budget-related variables: the justice budget per incoming case, the number of magistrates and the intensity of legal aid. Across our three regressions, we find a positive and significant correlation between judicial resources and individuals declared trust in the justice system. This positive relationship is robust to the introduction of socio-demographic, cultural, institutional and economic control variables. We finally offer empirical support to the intuition that the effect of the justice budget on trust in justice is likely to be greater when individuals are more satisfied with the level of democracy in their country.},
  author = {Roussey, Ludivine and Deffains, Bruno},
  journal = {Journal of Institutional Economics},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {351-369},
  title = {Trust in judicial institutions: an empirical approach},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8653850&fileId=S174413741200001X},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2012
}

@article{lipset1986historical,
  abstract = {Differences between Canadians & Americans are analyzed with respect to a broad range of values & value-linked behaviors. The American Revolution is identified as a principal source of these differences, which have since been reinforced by a variety of structural & cultural factors. Evidence is presented from a number of fields, including literature, religion, the economy, & politics, to support the argument that Canadians tend to be more elitist, law abiding, statist, collectivity oriented, & group oriented than Americans.},
  author = {Lipset, S Martin},
  issn = {3186431},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {113-155},
  title = {Historical Traditions and National Characteristics: A Comparative Analysis of Canada and the United States},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 11,
  year = 1986
}

@article{foldary2006relation,
  address = {Budapest-Piliscsaba},
  author = {Földàry, Mònika},
  journal = {Eastern European Religion},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {73-93},
  publisher = {Pázmány Péter Catholic University},
  title = {Relation of Religiosity and Values in Various Age Groups of Hungarian Society},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 2006
}

@book{baloban2005search,
  abstract = {This study analyses the social reality of Croatia in the context of the European environment. Comprative data from other European countries and the recognized European standards enabled the analysis of Croatia in various aspects of contemporary sociality. As a post-communist and Central European country, Croatia is faced with many reforms and social changes that largely depend on its basic and dominant values. On the other hand, current and future social changes will undoubtedly influence the transformation of individual values. Therefore, we believe that this book will justify the need for further systematic research of values, as well as the necessity to permanently focus on this subject.Keyword: Environment, Work, Family, Politics, Religion, Moral issues, National identity.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip},
  isbn = {9532122567},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 344,
  publisher = {Golden Marketing - Tehnicka knjiga},
  title = {In Search of Identity. A Comparative Study of Values: Croatia and Europe},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{ester1993environmental,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and Seuren, Brigitte},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {903619993X},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {163-182},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Environmental Concern and Offering Willingness in Europe and North America},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{ramos2016economic,
  abstract = {Recent decades have seen some European countries experiencing a new wave of migratory rates that have sustained economic growth and simultaneously contributed to changes in the pattems of customs, life styles, values and religions. Alongside this new European setting, ambivalent positions in the attitude domain have emerged. This occurs because in contemporary democratic societies people are embedded within cultural environments that disseminate a social discourse stressing that good people are egalitarian and non-discriminatory.},
  author = {Ramos, Alice and Pereira, Cícero Roberto and Vala, Jorge},
  booktitle = {Values, Economic Crisis and Democracy},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Mochmann, Ingvill C. and Dülmer, Hermann},
  isbn = {978-1-138-95917-0},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {104-137},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Economic crisis, human values and attitudes towards immigrants},
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{voicu2012religious,
  abstract = {During the first decade of post-communist transition, Romania registered an important religious revival (Muller 2004; Pollack 2001, 2003, 2004; Voicu 2007). Both, religious practices and beliefs have increased, Romanian population sharing the same level of religious beliefs as people from Poland or Ireland, while church attendance is the highest among Orthodox European countries (Halman/Draulans, 2006; Pollack/Pickel, 2009). Romanian case is not a special one, religious revival being reported in other communist societies as well (Pickel 2009a). However, the magnitude of change is very high as compared to other countries in the region (Voicu, 2007: 54). Moreover, in some cases, like Slovenia or Poland, the positive trend has reached a peak during the first years of transition, followed by a descending trend (Pickel 2009a: 117, 2009b: 18).},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Voicu, Malina and Constantin, Andreea},
  booktitle = {Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and Religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989-2010},
  editor = {Pickel, Gert and Sammet, Kornelia},
  isbn = {978-3-531-17540-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {155-174},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Religious Revival in Romania: Between Cohort Replacement and Contextual Changes},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-531-93326-9_9},
  year = 2012
}

@article{ester1994cambio,
  author = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  journal = {Cuadernos Franciscanos},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {161-174},
  title = {El Cambio de Valores en El Mundo occidental},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 28,
  year = 1994
}

@article{brechon2013religiosite,
  author = {Brechon, Pierre},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 395,
  pages = {105–113},
  title = {La religiosite en Europe de l'Ouest : evolution depuis 30 ans},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{gundelach1992womens,
  address = {Aarhus},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {From Voters to Participants},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter and Siune, Karen},
  isbn = {8773350796, 9788773350799},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {176-193},
  publisher = {Politica},
  title = {The Women's Movement and Attitudes to Abortion},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1992
}

@article{tchernia2009gender,
  author = {Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Gender Differences in Politics: A Cross-National Study of Nine Western European Countries},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 2009
}

@incollection{dyrstad2013citizens,
  abstract = {Parliament is a key institution in democracy and the main arena for inter-party politics. Citizens confidence in parliament is an important indicator for how democracy works in society. In this chapter, we present an overview of recent research on comparative trends in voters confidence in European parliaments in the last quarter century. We also compare trends for confidence in parliament and other political institutions with private institutions like major companies and the press. The literature has pursued explanations for variations in political trust in several directions. Building on the early studies by Miller, several scholars have explained the decline of trust from the evolvement of policy distance between government elites and citizens. In discussion and analysis, this chapter includes factors at the individual level as well as the national, aggregated level. Our main interest lies in the effect of political institutions and policy issues on political trust. While mature democracies see only smaller variations in confidence over time, there are larger fluctuations and decline in post-Communist Europe. Contrary to our expectations, institutional factors do not explain much of the differences in confidence in parliament in Europe, while policy issues play an important role.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Dyrstad, Karin and Listhaug, Ola},
  booktitle = {Party Governance and Party Democracy},
  editor = {Müller, W C. and Narud, H Marthe},
  isbn = {978-1-4614-6588-1},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {159-174},
  publisher = {Springer},
  title = {Citizens Confidence in European Parliaments: Institutions and Issues},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-6588-1_9#page-1},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{listhaug1995impact,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Listhaug, Ola},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {163-178},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {The Impact of Modernization and Value Change on Confidence in Institutions},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{borgulya2008related,
  abstract = {After the shift from centrally planned to market economies, CEE countries experienced significant changes in the world of work. Full employment was replaced by a distortion in labour markets, a rapid rise in unemployment and intensive labour emigration. The following questions are discussed: (1) Can the people in CEE countries be characterized by similar work-related values? (2) Is there any diversity in attitudes towards superiors in the transition countries? To answer these questions, findings of the European Values Study are used. The comparison of data from fourteen CEE countries shows that, concerning work-related values, two groups of countries can be differentiated. The analysis of attitudes towards ones superior also suggests the lack of a homogenous Eastern European cluster.},
  author = {Borgulya, Agnes and Hahn, Judit},
  journal = {Journal for East European Management Studies},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {216-238},
  title = {Work related values and attitudes in Central and Eastern Europe},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2008
}

@article{brechon2013religion,
  author = {Brechon, Pierre},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 393,
  pages = {75 -87},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religion et valeurs en Europe : effets sociopolitiques de la dimension religieuse chez les Europeens},
  year = 2013
}

@article{valentova2014gender,
  abstract = {Abstract Although many studies have concluded that men and women differ in their attitudes towards immigrants, no research has yet examined the mechanisms behind these differences. This paper provides an analysis of how specific immigration-related perceived threats (job competition, threats to the majority culture, sustainability of the welfare system, and out-group size) are associated with perceptions of a general, immigration-related threat among men and women in Luxembourg. In analyses conducted separately for residents with different migratory backgrounds, we found that native women had a greater tendency than their male counterparts to associate the threat of crime with a general threat. Among first-generation immigrants, men put more emphasis on the out-group size threat, whereas women placed greater stress on the importance of the culture threat. Among second-generation immigrants, men and women differed with respect to their perception of job, cultural, and out-group size threats. },
  author = {Valentova, Marie and Alieva, Aigul},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijintrel.2013.08.010},
  issn = {0147-1767},
  journal = {International Journal of Intercultural Relations },
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {175 - 182},
  title = {Gender differences in the perception of immigration-related threats},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147176713000928},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2014
}

@article{klicperovabaker2012diversity,
  abstract = {Objectives. Heuristic study focused on common reasons for social distance from minorities and assumed that latent variables in attitudes can reveal the roots of intolerance, with a special attention to ambivalently accepted outgroups. Subjects and setting. A secondary analysis of answers to European Values Study (EVS 1999- 2010) was performed focusing on the Czech Republic alone and on Eastern European EU members (wave 3 N=10.522 and wave 4 N=13.719); responses to question Q6 (which minorities would be undesirable as neighbors). Hypotheses. Authors looked for a context in which out-groups are perceived, specifically for relationships a) between diversity and acceptance and b) between deviance and rejection of individual minority groups. Statistical analyses. Factor analyses and principal component analyses (both oblique and orthogonal rotations) based on Kaiser's criterion; Cronbach's alpha. Results. Respondents indicated consensus in social distance from minorities: the most accepted neighbors are defined mostly by ethnic or religious diversity; the most rejected groups are characterized by behavior deviant from social norms (addicts, criminals); there is a disagreement about admittance of the rest of the fourteen groups assessed (Roma, gays, AIDS patients). All factor analyses and principal component analyses yielded a stable solution close to a simple structure with three factors: 1. Diversity (ethnic, religious); 2. (Behavioral) Deviance; 3. Political extremism. Stronger social distancing from ethnic minorities and gays is related to higher minority loading on Deviance factor; conversely, minorities loading on Diversity factor tend to be accepted. Minorities who met with neighbors' ambivalence (especially Roma, gays, people with AIDS) often ambivalently appear in two factors (Diversity and Deviance). Study limitations. Methodology of Pearson's correlation matrices was used as a basis for factor analyses.},
  author = {Klicperová-Baker, Martina and Kost'ál, Jaroslav},
  journal = {Ceskoslovenska Psychologie},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {297-324},
  title = {Diversity or behavioral deviance? Social distance from Roma, gays, people with aids and other minorities},
  url = {http://cspsych.psu.cas.cz/result.php?from=758&to=758},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2012
}

@article{nergard1985frelst,
  author = {Nergård, T B.},
  issn = {8084718},
  journal = {Hilsen fra Diakonhjemmet},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {Frelst og lykkelig?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 3,
  year = 1985
}

@incollection{gubert1997scala,
  author = {Gubert, Renzo},
  booktitle = {Annali di Sociologia-Soziologisches Jahrbuch 1997},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  title = {E'la scala dello stato dei valori? I casi della aree culturali italiana e tedesca},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@book{brechon2010lindividualisation,
  abstract = {Comprendre les valeurs d'une société est capital pour tous ceux qui veulent contribuer à la faire évoluer. Or, si on étudie depuis longtemps les données économiques et sociales, peu de travaux d'envergure sont consacrés à analyser les systèmes de valeurs. C'est l'objectif poursuivi par cet ouvrage qui s'appuie sur des enquêtes ciblées, menées depuis 1981 et régulièrement mises à jour. Il montre que l'individualisation - entendue comme affirmation de l'autonomie de l'individu et de ses choix - est bien la caractéristique majeure. De fait, cette individualisation constitue une clef de compréhension de nombreux autres phénomènes contemporains (la famille, le travail, l'économie, la politique ou la religion). Faut-il y voir un danger pour notre avenir collectif ? Pas forcément ! Car l'individualisation n'est pas l'individualisme et ne prône pas le culte du « chacun pour soi ». Elle pourrait même favoriser la cohésion sociale.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Galland, Olivier},
  isbn = {9782200243128},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 304,
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {L'individualisation des valeurs},
  url = {http://www.armand-colin.com/livre.php?idp=329524&query=Br%E9chon&type[]=t&type[]=a&tp[]=livre&tp[]=revue&start=},
  year = 2010
}

@book{arts2003cultural,
  abstract = {This volume deals with the values of the people in contemporary Europe. Using the survey data from the European Values Study, a number of basic values and the dynamics of value change are explored from an economic, political, social, and religiousmoral point of view.Part One focuses on Europe's values from an empirical-analytical, and a historical point of view, and also presents the views of three eminent Europeans.Part Two deals with in-depth analyses of European values, based on the empirical data set covering basic orientations in most of the domains of human life.Part Three contains reflections on the empirical findings, the value of value research, the hidden assumptions behind it, and the deeper layers of Europe's position and developments.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Arts, Wil and Hagenaars, Jacques and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  number = 6,
  pages = 492,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity: Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  year = 2003
}

@article{hadlermarkus2012influence,
  abstract = {Societal variation in xenophobia, homophobia, and other prejudices is frequently explained by the economic background and political history of different countries. This article expands these explanations by considering the influence of world societal factors on individual attitudes. The empirical analysis is based on survey data collected within the World Value Survey and European Values Study framework between 1989 and 2010. Data are combined to a three-wave cross-sectional design including about 130,000 respondents from 32 countries. Results show that xenophobia and homophobia are influenced by the national political history, societal affluence, and the presence of international organizations. Global forces, however, are of particular importance for homophobia},
  author = {{Hadler, Markus}},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01232.x},
  journal = {The Sociological Quarterly},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {211-237},
  title = {The Influence of World Societal Forces on Social Tolerance. A Time Comparative Study of Prejudices in 32 Countries},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01232.x/full},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2012
}

@article{galland2003valeurs,
  abstract = {Les valeurs sont des objets sociaux délicats à approcher. Acquises pour partie au cours de l'enfance et de l'adolescence, elles sont intériorisées. Chacun est détenteur de valeurs. Celles-ci ne sont pas toujours conscientes ou agencées en un discours élaboré même si elles orientent fortement les actions et les jugements des personnes.},
  author = {Galland, Olivier and Lemel, Yannick and Tchernia, Jean-François},
  institution = {INSEE},
  journal = {Données sociales 2002-2003},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {559-564},
  title = {Les valeurs en France},
  url = {http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/docs_ffc/donsoc02k.pdf},
  year = 2003
}

@article{kriesi2013democratic,
  author = {Kriesi, Hanspeter},
  doi = {10.5771/0032-3470-2013-4-609},
  journal = {Politische Vierteljahresschrift},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {German},
  number = 4,
  pages = {609-638},
  study = {ISSP1985-1990-1996-2006 ; Eurobarometer ; CEEB ; Latinobarometer ; East Asia Barometer ; Afrobarometer ; Arab Barometer},
  title = {Democratic legitimacy : is there a legitimacy crisis in contemorary politics?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0032-3470-2013-4-609},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2013
}

@book{greeley2003religion,
  abstract = {Most sociologists of religion describe a general decline in religious faith and practice in Europe over the last two centuries. The secularizing forces of the Enlightenment, science, industrialization, the influence of Freud and Marx, and urbanization are all felt to have diminished the power of the churches and demystified the human condition. In Andrew Greeley's view, such overarching theories and frameworks do not begin to accommodate a wide variety of contrasting and contrary social phenomena. Religion at the End of the Second Millenium, engages the complexities of contemporary Europe to present a nuanced picture of religious faith rising, declining, or remaining stable.While challenging the secularization model, Greeley's approach is not polemical. He examines belief in God and in life after death, belief in superstition and magic, convictions about the relations between church and state, attitudes toward religion and science, and the effect of religion on the everyday lives of people. Drawing upon statistical and empirical data spanning twenty years, Greeley shows that while religion has increased in some countries (most notably the former communist countries and especially Russia) in others it has declined (Britain, the Netherlands, and France). In some countries it is relatively unchanged (primarily the traditional Catholic countries), and in still others (some of the social democratic countries) it has both declined and increased. In terms of individuals, Greeley finds that religion becomes more important to people as they age. He observes that surveys showing less religion among the young ignore the possibility that the age correlation is a life cycle matter and not a sign of social change.Patently, religion in Europe changed enormously between the end of the first millenium and the end of the second. In Greeley's judgment, the change has been an improvement, not because superstition has been eliminated (it has not), but because freedom to exercise religious belief has replaced },
  address = {New Brunswick},
  author = {Greeley, Andrew},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.2150 ; 10.4232/1.3190},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA2150 ; ZA3190},
  isbn = {978-0765808219},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Transaction Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998},
  title = {Religion in Europe at the End of the Second Millenium: A Sociological Profile},
  year = 2003
}

@article{rozer2016national,
  abstract = {The well-known Income Inequality Hypothesis suggests that income disparities in a country are detrimental for people's health. Empirical studies testing this hypothesis so far have found mixed results. In this study, we argue that a reason for these mixed findings may be that high national income inequality mostly harms individuals with high levels of social trust. We employ data of the World Value Survey and European Value Survey, using information on 393,761 respondents within 89 countries. Multilevel regression analyses, across countries and within countries across time, confirm findings from earlier studies that there is a negative association between national income inequality and self-rated health. Our results also reveal that national income inequality is especially detrimental for trustful citizens: while the effect of income inequality is nearly absent among people with low social trust it is negative among people with high social trust. },
  author = {Rözer, Jesper and Kraaykamp, Gerbert and Huijts, Tim},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2016.1153697},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2016.1153697},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {245-263},
  title = {National income inequality and self-rated health: the differing impact of individual social trust across 89 countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2016.1153697},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2016
}

@article{elteren1998riddles,
  author = {Elteren, M van},
  journal = {Journal of American Culture},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {43-80},
  title = {The riddles of individualism and community in American and Dutch society},
  volume = 21,
  year = 1998
}

@article{giordani2010decision,
  abstract = {This paper aims at assessing cultural differences in uncertainty attitude across Europe. Weselect questions from the European Values Survey (EVS) capturing salient features ofuncertain scenarios (safe versus uncertain, freedom of choice and reduction of uncertainty),and formalize these questions through simple decision-theoretic problems. Wethen consider three competing normative models of choice under uncertainty (subjectiveexpected utility (SEU), maximin utility and minimax regret), and analyze how they behavewhen facing each decision problem. We obtain theoretical predictions and, using the EVSdataset, we test them via latent class analysis to estimate the distribution of these behaviorsacross EU15. We find a larger proportion of SEU maximizers (Bayesians) in northerncountries than in southern countries. The opposite is true for maximin utility behavior.Only a few are consistent with minimax regret behavior.},
  author = {Giordani, Paolo and Schlag, Karl and Zwart, Sanne},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Psychology},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 31,
  title = {Decision makers facing uncertainty: Theory versus evidence},
  year = 2010
}

@phdthesis{keller2012marginalization,
  abstract = {Over the past two decades, integration across Europe has deepened considerably, bringing with it legislative protections for minority rights and the development of international governmental and non-governmental organizations aimed at improving the lives of disadvantaged citizens. Despite these advances, marginalization—understood as exclusion from meaningful participation in society—remains a persistent and widely recognized social problem. This dissertation investigates attitudes toward three marginalized groups: immigrants, the economically disadvantaged, and women. It develops a theoretical framework that emphasizes the intersections between different segments of the social system as key explanatory factors. Drawing on intersectionality as its guiding perspective, the study asks what similarities and differences exist in attitudes toward these groups and which individual- and country-level factors shape such attitudes. Using data from the European Values Study, the analysis first maps overall levels of exclusionary attitudes related to ethnicity and immigration, poverty and economic disadvantage, and gender. The findings indicate broadly similar levels of exclusion across groups, though immigrants tend to evoke the greatest concern. Among demographic factors, native-born status—rather than immigrant background—emerges as the strongest predictor of less inclusive attitudes across all marginalized groups. This leads to a closer examination of the intersection between immigrant status and gender. Regional comparisons reveal variation across Europe, but no single region consistently stands out as either particularly inclusive or exclusive. The dissertation then proceeds with three focused analyses. The first explores differences between elite and mass opinion in shaping perceptions of immigrant threat and nationalism, using data from the IntUne Survey conducted among parliamentarians and the general public. While higher levels of elite anti-immigrant sentiment are associated with increased mass nationalism, the findings suggest that public opinion exerts a stronger influence on elites than vice versa, supporting theories that political elites adapt their positions and party platforms to align with public moods. The second analysis examines how country-level economic conditions and welfare regime types interact with multidimensional measures of economic disadvantage in Central and Eastern Europe. Employing a revised classification of welfare regimes—distinguishing Totalitarian Former USSR, Developing Post-communist European, and Developed Post-communist European types—and using hierarchical linear modeling, the study finds that countries classified as developed Totalitarian Former USSR types show greater concern for workers’ living standards than developing post-communist countries. Income inequality, measured by the GINI coefficient, proves to be a key predictor of whether respondents believe that the most economically disadvantaged are worse off than in the past. The final analysis investigates the intersection of gender and nation by assessing social, political, and economic country-level determinants of attitudes toward women in the labor force. Drawing on five major datasets—the European Social Survey, IntUne, Eurequal, the International Social Survey Programme, and the European Values Study—the study creates a larger combined sample to enhance comparative analysis. The results indicate that political and economic factors are more influential than social indicators, such as women’s parliamentary representation or gender inequality indices, in shaping attitudes toward working women. Overall, the dissertation advances understanding of both individual and contextual determinants of attitudes toward marginalized groups in Europe and demonstrates how intersectionality can be integrated into quantitative comparative research using multiple cross-national datasets.},
  author = {Keller, Carolyn Elizabeth},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  school = {Ohio State University},
  title = {Marginalization across Europe: Intersections of Ethnicity, Class, Gender and States},
  url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1340637898},
  volume = {Ph.D.},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{gelissen2013distribution,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Gelissen, John and Arts, Wil},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {163-183},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {The distribution of social capital across Europe},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@book{halman1994measuring,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Vloet, Astrid},
  isbn = {9075001045},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 163,
  publisher = {WORC},
  series = {Report/ WORC},
  title = {Measuring and Comparing Values in 16 Countries of the Western World},
  type = {Book},
  url = {http://spitswww.uvt.nl/web/fsw/evs/documents/publications/worc%20report%201981-1990.pdf},
  year = 1994
}

@article{dingemans2015religion,
  abstract = {Many previous studies have linked religiosity to social trust. Yet much of this relation remains insufficiently understood, which is partly due to the fact that religiosity is a multidimensional phenomenon. In this article, we identify several of those dimensions, including the integration in religious communities, the importance of God in people's lives, and the religious context. These dimensions give rise to different mechanisms that produce both trust-enhancing and trust-reducing effects. Data from the European Values Survey (2008) were used to test the resulting hypotheses, using multilevel logistic regression models. We conclude that the micro effects are ambivalent: integration in religious communities furthers trust, whereas religious socialization and the importance of God lower trust. On the macro level, we find a strong effect of Protestantism, which is in line with previous studies, but that remains puzzling since the individual-level difference between Protestants and the other religious traditions was found to be very small. In addition, in contrast to other studies, we found that religious diversity increases social trust.},
  author = {Dingemans, Ellen and Van Ingen, Erik},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12217},
  issn = {1468-5906},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {739-755},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Does Religion Breed Trust? A Cross-National Study of the Effects of Religious Involvement, Religious Faith, and Religious Context on Social Trust},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12217},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2015
}

@article{fokas2012eastern,
  abstract = {This paper engages with an ongoing scholarly debate on where Orthodox Europe stands in relation to (Western) European secularisation. It navigates between perspectives presenting Orthodoxy as an exception to European secularisation on the one hand, and as an imminent participant in the secularisation process via integration into European institutions on the other. Focusing on the Greek case, the inquiry examines the extent to which Europe (both culturally and politically) may be considered to have a secularising influence on Orthodox Greece. Rejecting narrow and linear conceptions of secularisation, the paper emphasises the dialectical, discursive nature of secularisation which precludes generalisations about either eastern or western secularisation, much less about their relation to one another.},
  author = {Fokas, Effie},
  doi = {10.1080/09637494.2012.754269},
  journal = {Religion, State and Society},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {395-414},
  title = {'Eastern' Orthodoxy and 'Western' Secularisation in Contemporary Europe (with Special Reference to the Case of Greece)},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09637494.2012.754269#.U6GHF_l_vuI},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2012
}

@article{koster2009management,
  abstract = {The risks that individuals face in everyday life, suchas illness and unemployment, can be covered using market,government, or communitymechanisms. The market can functionwith a lower level of solidarity compared to the other twomechanisms; the government mechanism requires the highestlevel of compulsory solidarity and communities are associatedwith voluntary solidarity. Social context affects individual preferenceswith regard to any one of these mechanisms. This articleinvestigates to what extent these preferences are influenced byglobalization: the economic, social and political openness ofcountries. The dataset used in this study combines data fromthe European Values Study 1999-2000 (EVS), the InternationalMonetary Fund (IMF), and theKOF Index of Globalization, andcontains information about 31,554 people living in 26 Europeancountries. The results derived from logistic multilevel analysisshow that preferences towards the organization of solidarity arerelated to the different dimensions of globalization.},
  author = {Koster, Ferry},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1468-246X.2009.01338.x},
  journal = {International Social Security Review},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {79–98},
  title = {Risk management in a globalizing world: An empirical analysis of individual preferences in 26 European countries},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-246X.2009.01338.x/pdf},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2009
}

@article{minarik2014employment,
  abstract = {The fall of communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe has profoundly changed the religious landscape in many countries. Sociologists have studied the rise and decline of religious beliefs and participation in the post-communist region, but economic approaches have been rare. This article suggests supplementing the dominant theories—the demand-side explanation of secularization and the supply-side explanation of religious revivals—with a model of individual time allocation. The model presented in the article predicts both the initial growth and the subsequent decline of religious participation in postcommunist countries. The empirical portion of the article focuses on six central European countries with different levels of religiosity. Data from the three waves of the ISSP survey support the model.},
  author = {Minarik, Pavol},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12113},
  issn = {1468-5906},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {296-315},
  study = {ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {Employment, Wages, and Religious Revivals in Postcommunist Countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12113},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2014
}

@article{brechon2000valeurs,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Isuma, revue canadienne de recherche sur les politiques},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {121-125},
  title = {Les valeurs des Français : une approche quantitative},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2000
}

@article{puntscher2014social,
  abstract = {The purpose of these analyses is to investigate collective memory, i.e. the shared historical experiences of a community, as driving force for contemporary social capital. Three societal characteristics are considered proxies for collective memory: the current institutional framework as indicator for present common experiences; the cultural attitudes as proxy for long-term developments; and severe shocks in the history of the regions. The primary aim is thus to understand whether collective memory permits identification of not only the effects of recent (i.e. institutional) or distant (i.e. cultural) on-going experiences, but also of the impact of such relevant shocks. For this purpose, a comprehensive case study is conducted within a cross-border research area with special historical development, where it is possible to discriminate between these three indicators of collective memory.The findings suggest a significant impact of collective memory on social capital endowment. Particularly striking shocks are sustained in the collective memory of a community, influencing its behavior even long after the incident occurred. As a consequence, especially the levels of social trust and networking of the affected population are significantly influenced, such that the community develops protective measures in order to secure its norms, values and traditions. As a result, the social capital of a population is heavily influenced by events that occurred outside living memory.},
  author = {Puntscher, Sibylle and Hauser, Christoph and Pichler, Karin and Tappeiner, Gottfried},
  doi = {10.1111/kykl.12046},
  issn = {1467-6435},
  journal = {Kyklos},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {116--132},
  title = {Social Capital and Collective Memory: A Complex Relationship},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12046},
  volume = 67,
  year = 2014
}

@article{barker1992changing,
  author = {Barker, D G.},
  journal = {Business Ethics: A European Review},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {91-103},
  title = {Changing Social Values in Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119335015/PDFSTART},
  volume = 1,
  year = 1992
}

@article{doebler2014relationships,
  abstract = {This paper examines relationships between religiosity and intolerance towards Muslims and immigrants among Europeans living in non-Muslim majority countries by applying multilevel modeling to European Values Study data (wave four, 2010). Thus relationships across 44 national contexts are analyzed. The analysis found large between-country differences in the overall levels of intolerance towards immigrants and Muslims. Eastern Europeans tend to be more intolerant than Western Europeans. In most countries Muslims are less accepted than immigrants,- a finding which reflects that in post-9/11 Europe Islamophobia is prevalent and many still see Muslims with suspicion. A key result is that believing matters for the citizen's attitudes towards Muslims and immigrants. Across Europe, traditional and modern fuzzy beliefs in a Higher Being are strongly negatively related to intolerance towards immigrants and Muslims, while fundamentalism is positively related to both targets of intolerance. Religious practice and denominational belonging on the other hand matter far less for the citizen's propensity to dislike the two out-groups. With the only exception of non-devout Protestants who do not practice their religion, members of religious denominations are not more intolerant than non-members. The findings are valid for the vast majority of countries although countries differ in the magnitude of the effects.},
  author = {Doebler, Stefanie},
  issn = {2211-4866},
  journal = {Review of Religious Research},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {61-86},
  title = {Relationships Between Religion and Intolerance Towards Muslims and Immigrants in Europe: A Multilevel Analysis},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13644-013-0126-1},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2014
}

@article{hornsbysmith1995catholic,
  abstract = {Examines the relationship among religion, environmental & other values, and voluntary ecological activities among Catholics, using data from a 1990 values survey conducted in 14 European countries (total N = 19,558). The impact of both an individual Catholic identity and national Catholic context on values and propensity to appropriate ecological behavior is studied via path analysis, controlling for the indepedent effect of political values. Results indicate that Catholics do not manifest a greater internalized sense of stewardship compared to other groups, and religion does not significantly influence emergent forms of environmental politics.},
  author = {Hornsby-Smith, M P. and Procter, Michael},
  issn = {377686},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {27-34},
  title = {Catholic Identity, Religious Context and Environmental Values in Western Europe: Evidence from the European Values Surveys},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 42,
  year = 1995
}

@article{zuccotti2015migration,
  abstract = {The study compares the social mobility and status attainment of first- and second-generation Turks in nine Western European countries with those of Western European natives and with those of Turks in Turkey. It shows that the children of low-class migrants are more likely to acquire a higher education than their counterparts in Turkey, making them more educationally mobile. Moreover, they successfully convert this education in the Western European labor market, and are upwardly mobile relative to the first generation. When comparing labor market outcomes of second generations relative to Turks in Turkey, however, the results show that the same level of education leads to a higher occupation in Turkey. The implications of these findings are discussed.},
  author = {Zuccotti, Carolina V. and Ganzeboom, Harry B. G. and Guveli, Ayse},
  doi = {10.1111/imre.12219},
  issn = {1747-7379},
  journal = {International Migration Review},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  title = {Has Migration Been Beneficial for Migrants and Their Children?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12219},
  year = 2015
}

@article{brechon2002enqutes,
  annotation = {Special Issue July-August 2002},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {5-14},
  title = {Les enquêtes sur les valeurs des Européens},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 277,
  year = 2002
}

@techreport{bryan2013regression,
  abstract = {Cross-national differences in outcomes are often analysed using regression analysis of multilevel country datasets, examples of which include the ECHP, ESS, EU-SILC ; EVS ; ISSP, and SHARE. We review the regression methods applicable to this data structure, pointing out problems with the assessment of country-level factors that appear not to be widely appreciated, and illustrate our arguments using Monte-Carlo simulations and analysis of women's employment probabilities and work hours using EU SILC data. With large sample sizes of individuals within each country but a small number of countries, analysts can reliably estimate individual-level effects within each country but estimates of parameters summarising country effects are likely to be unreliable. Multilevel (hierarchical) modelling methods are commonly used in this context but they are no panacea.},
  author = {Bryan, M L. and Jenkins, S P.},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english techreport},
  pages = 81,
  series = {IZA Discussion Paper},
  title = {Regression Analysis of Country Effects Using Multilevel Data: A Cautionary Tale},
  url = {http://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/89830},
  volume = 7583,
  year = 2013
}

@article{baloban2001obitelj,
  abstract = {The author analyses family in Croatia on the basis of four theses, in comparison with the European families. He emphasizes the necessary connection of marriage and family, underlining that certain marriage and family values are mutually highly dependent and complementary, and stressing that in most cases divorces tear the family apart (61,74% of the marriages had children). According to empirical research projects in Croatia, family is perceived as a highly important value and as a public good. However, at the same time there occurs a gradual differentiation of marriage and family as values, which are connected to the general crisis, i.e. the restructuring of values in general. It is especially interesting that most citizens (91,5%) favour the state's assisting role with regard to family, which can be different from the European model that is undergoing the abandonment of the assistance model that was dominant until now. The author also points to the contradictory ambivalence present among Croatian citizens regarding values system related to family. The contradiction is also noticeable among Christians, who experience a certain discrepancy between their Christian ideal with regard to marriage and family, and the more concrete, real life. Furthermore, the author sees contradiction in the fact that Croatian citizens conform to the trends of the world that shape the situation in which accepting values as an objective good becomes more and more conditioned by individual criteria. Here we can also see the connection of the family to the value crisis. For example, 65,95% of Croatian citizens approve of a women having a child as a self-supporting parent outside a stabile relationship with a man, while at the same time 81,9% of the citizens state that the child needs a father and a mother for a happy upbringing. A similar phenomenon occurs with the view of abortion as murder and its legalization. In the final part of his essay the author points to yet another ambivalence; two thirds of citizens think that the Catholic Church in Croatia can give certain answers to family problems, while at the same time every second citizen thinks that the Church actually does that. Starting from the empirical data and some theological and sociological conclusions, the author offers in the end certain pastoral theological solutions for the current and future activities of the Church.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {341-360},
  title = {Obitelj i suvremena kriza vrednota (Family and Contemporary Crisis of Values)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {/brokenurl#full-text available at http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/45752},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2001
}

@article{brusis2014conditional,
  author = {Brusis, Martin and Melnykovska, Inna and Solonenko, Iryna and Umland, Andreas},
  journal = {Journal of Ukrainian Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-12},
  title = {The conditional impact of democracy conditions. How the European Union interacts with political competition in Eastern Partnership countries},
  volume = {Special Edition},
  year = 2014
}

@article{catterberg2006individual,
  abstract = {The expansion of democracy in the world has been paradoxically accompanied by a decline of political trust. By looking at the trends in political trust in new and stable democracies over the last 20 years, and their possible determinants, we claim that an observable decline in trust reflects the post-honeymoon disillusionment rather than the emergence of a more critical citizenry. However, the first new democracies of the third wave' show a significant reemergence of political trust after democratic consolidation. Using data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey, we develop a multivariate model of political trust. Our findings indicate that political trust is positively related to well-being, social capital, democratic attitudes, political interest, and external efficacy, suggesting that trust responds to government performance. However, political trust is generally hindered by corruption permissiveness, political radicalism and postmaterialism. We identify differences by region and type of society in these relationships, and discuss the methodological problems inherent to the ambiguities in the concept of political trust.},
  author = {Catterberg, G. and Moreno, A.},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {31-48},
  title = {The Individual Bases of Political Trust: Trends in New and Established Democracies},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2006
}

@article{marien2011political,
  abstract = {Scholars have repeatedly expressed concern about the consequences low levels ofpolitical trust might have for the stability of democratic political systems. Empirical supportand the identification of causal mechanisms for this concern, however, are often lacking. Inthis article, the relation between political trust and law-abiding attitudes is investigated. It isexpected that citizens with low levels of trust in the institutions of the political system willfind it more acceptable to break the law. As a result, low levels of political trust mightundermine the effectiveness and legitimacy of government action and its ability to implementlegislation. Based on survey data from 33 European countries using the 1999-2001European Values Study (N = 41,125), the relation between political trust and legal permissivenessis examined using a multilevel ordered logistic regression analysis.The results showthat respondents with low levels of political trust are significantly more likely to acceptillegal behaviour such as tax fraud than respondents with high levels of political trust. Sinceit is known from earlier research that actors who are permissive towards law-breakingbehaviour are more likely to commit these acts themselves, the hypothesis that low levels ofpolitical trust will be associated with less law compliance within a society is supported.},
  author = {Marien, Sofie and Hooghe, Marc},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {267-291},
  title = {Does political trust matter? An empirical investigation into therelation between political trust and support for law compliance},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{trittler2015religious,
  address = {Basingstoke},
  author = {Trittler, Sabine and Mandes, Slawomir and Koenig, Matthias},
  booktitle = {Religion and national identities in an enlarged Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.3978},
  editor = {Spohn, W. and Koenig, M. and Knöbl, W.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2141 ; ZA2459 ; ZA2563 ; ZA2880 ; ZA2936 ; ZA3204 ; ZA3296 ; ZA3387 ; ZA3627 ; ZA3910 ; ZA3938 ; ZA3978 v1.0.0; ZA3979 ; ZA3983 ; ZA4056 ; ZA4246 ; ZA4414 ; ZA4529 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4973 ; ZA5234},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {English},
  pages = {124-145},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study-id = {EB37.0 ; EB40 ; EB42 ; ISSP1995 ; EB47.1 ; EB52.0 ; EB53 ; EB54.1 ; EB56.2 ; ISSP2003 ; EB60.1 ; CCEB 2001.1 ; CCEB 2002.2 ; EB61 ; CCEB 2004.1 ; EB64.2 ; EB67.1 ; EVS2008; EB71.3 ; EB73.4},
  title = {Religious dimensions of national and European identities: evidence from cross-national suvey research},
  year = 2015
}

@article{ekici2014social,
  abstract = {Based on data from a 1999 and a 2008 European Values Survey, the main objective of this study is to explore the relationship between a variety of social capital indicators, satisfaction with government and democracy, and subjective well-being. Happiness and life satisfaction were used as outcome measures of subjective well-being. The indicators of social capital used in this study are general trust, trust in institutions, political engagement, concern for others, societal norms, and membership in volunteer organizations. The analyses reveal a significant increase in happiness, life satisfaction, and many social capital variables between 1999 and 2008. Generalized trust, trust in institutions, government satisfaction, and democracy satisfaction are positive correlates of well-being, although some relationships are significant only in 2008. Several demographic variables are also linked with subjective well-being such as income, employment status, age, gender, and education. We discuss the findings in relation to the significant societal, economic, and political changes experienced in Turkey between 1999 and 2008. Policy implications are also emphasized such as improved trust among individuals, trustworthiness of government institutions, and functioning of democracy.},
  author = {Ekici, Tufan and Koydemir, Selda},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-013-0464-y},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1031-1053},
  title = {Social Capital, Government and Democracy Satisfaction, and Happiness in Turkey: A Comparison of Surveys in 1999 and 2008},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0464-y},
  volume = 118,
  year = 2014
}

@article{pacheco2016changing,
  abstract = {This paper contributes to the growing multidisciplinary body of literature on subjective well-being by investigating the longitudinal stability and impact of societal cultural values (SCVs) – as opposed to the more common organizational values – on job satisfaction. It is assumed that SCVs evolve slowly; hence, their impact on job satisfaction is likely to remain stable over time. False adherence to this assumption could cause misalignment between organizational policies/practices and expectations formed by societal culture, decreasing job satisfaction and adversely affecting productivity, competiveness and prosperity. Four waves of the European Values Study are used to examine whether SCVs have evolved and their impacts on job satisfaction over a relatively short time: 1981–2008. SCVs are parameterized through reference to traditional vs secular-rational, and survival vs self-expression value continuums. Results indicate that the strength of many SCVs has declined, the impacts of traditional societal values on job satisfaction have remained fairly constant, and the impacts of survival societal values on job satisfaction have declined substantially over this sample period. These reductions in SCVs amplify the importance of accounting for such changes when designing new or adjusting existing policies/practices to enhance job satisfaction and stimulate improvements in productivity, competitiveness and prosperity.},
  author = {Pacheco, Gail and van der Westhuizen, De Wet and Ghobadian, Abby and Webber, Don J. and O'Regan, Nicholas},
  doi = {10.1111/1467-8551.12150},
  issn = {1467-8551},
  journal = {British Journal of Management},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {606-627},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Changing Influence of Societal Culture on Job Satisfaction across Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12150},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2016
}

@article{siegers2013reincarnation,
  abstract = {Comparing frequency of belief in reincarnation from different international survey projects (RAMP, EVS ; ISSP) reveals differences of about 15 to 20 percent depending on the specific question format. If single binary questions are used, then belief in reincarnation is more often reported than if a forced-choice question is used which offers respondents alternatives to belief in reincarnation (e.g. resurrection). One possible explanation for this result is that respondents confuse reincarnation and resurrection if a binary item is used. If this is true, then empirical studies on religious individualization would be flawed because they use belief in reincarnation as an indicator for holistic beliefs such as New Age spirituality, post-Christian spirituality and subjective life spirituality.Using a two stage question on beliefs about the afterlife that combines a binary rating procedure (1. stage) with a reduced forced-choice design (2. stage) allows analysis of whether respondents systematically confuse reincarnation and resurrection. Moreover, analysing associations with other variables on religious beliefs allows testing if consistent patterns of belief emerge.The data provide little evidence that respondents confuse resurrection and reincarnation. Rather, they reveal a high level of uncertainty about belief in the afterlife. To conclude, the paper suggests some recommendations on how belief in reincarnation should be used as an indicator for holistic beliefs.},
  author = {Siegers, Pascal},
  journal = {Survey Methods: Insights from the Field},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {Reincarnation Revisited. Question format and the distribution of belief in reincarnation in survey research},
  url = {http://surveyinsights.org/?p=2016},
  year = 2013
}

@article{kaasa2016dataset,
  abstract = {This article documents a new dataset of cultural distance measures both at the country and regional levels in Europe. These measures were calculated using data from the European Value Survey and European Social Survey. The composite index of cultural distance and the distances according to separate dimensions both were calculated. The created matrices can be used by researchers when applying the concept of cultural distance, for instance in international business research, but it also helps to operationalise cultural distances at the regional level by multinational enterprises. Examples of comparisons of the distances between different European countries and regions enabled by the new dataset as well as a comparison to analogical measures based on Hofstede's original scores are given. },
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli and Vadi, Maaja and Varblane, Urmas},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ribaf.2015.11.014},
  issn = {0275-5319},
  journal = {Research in International Business and Finance },
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {231 - 241},
  title = {A new dataset of cultural distances for European countries and regions},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0275531915300751},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2016
}

@article{hajkova2014efficiency,
  abstract = {Abstract Knowledge is increasingly becoming a vital factor in a city’s development. However, the mechanism of the transformation of a knowledge base into urban development remains unclear. This study estimates the impact of the knowledge bases of European cities on both city-level population growth and economic growth. Its findings shed new light on the role of knowledge processes in the development of cities in both new Member states and in the EU-15. Our results suggest that cities in new Member states turn their knowledge bases into urban growth more efficiently than those in the EU-15, especially owing to the weak initial level of synthetic knowledge creation and transfer. We also demonstrate that economic growth in 2004–2009 was mainly attributed to economic convergence and internal knowledge transfer with sales effects. },
  author = {Hájková, Veronika and Hájek, Petr},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cities.2014.04.001},
  issn = {0264-2751},
  journal = {Cities },
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {11-22},
  title = {Efficiency of knowledge bases in urban population and economic growth – Evidence from European cities },
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026427511400047X},
  volume = {40, Part A},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{inglehart1994individualizacin,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {29-62},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Individualización y cambio de valores en Europa},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{baloban2005solidarity,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Stjepan and Črpić, Gordan and Štengl, Ivan},
  booktitle = {In Search of Identity. A Comparative Analysis of Values: Croatia and Europe},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip},
  isbn = {9532122567},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {179-206},
  publisher = {Golden Marketing - Tehnicka knjiga},
  title = {Solidarity and Social (In)Sensitivity},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{rabier1988letat,
  address = {Louvain-la-Neuve},
  author = {Rabier, J R.},
  booktitle = {L'Europe et la sante, Hasard et/ou Nécessité?},
  editor = {Massart-Pierard, Françoise},
  isbn = {2872090452, 9782872090457},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Academia (Collection Eurospectives) Louvain-La-Neuve},
  title = {L'etat de sante des Europeens tel qu'ils le perçoivent},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1988
}

@article{vecernik2003skating,
  abstract = {The article presents a critical reading of opinion data on work and jobvalues. Three cross-national surveys are used: the ISSP module on WorkOrientations, the European Values Study, and the Households-Work-Flexibility survey. In the first part, some methodological problems aredescribed and illustrated through previous research. In the second part,several specific results are displayed. In the third part, the focus is on jobsatisfaction. One of the main conclusions of the analysis is that althoughthere are considerable differences between Central-Eastern Europe andthe EU countries in a number of indicators, the value dimension exhibitslarge independence from personal work characteristics and the nationaleconomic regime. In conclusion, we discuss the problems involved inmaking generalizations out of these results and raise the question of thetrue change in values during the transition},
  author = {Vecernik, Jiri},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 5,
  pages = {444-471},
  title = {Skating on Thin Ice: A Comparison of Work Values and Job Satisfaction in CEE and EU Countries},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2003
}

@article{ariely2013diversity,
  abstract = {Robert Putnam's "hunkering down" thesis regarding the negative effect of ethnic diversity on trust and willingness to participate in collective life launched an ongoing debate concerning the ramifications of diversity for social cohesion. Findings regarding the way in which diversity affects social cohesion are discrepant, some scholars arguing that diversity has negative effects on social cohesion and others indicating insignificant or even positive effects. This study claims that these conflicting conclusions are explained by the vagueness of social cohesion - a multidimensional concept. Analyzing cross-national survey data from 42 European countries, it demonstrates how diversity is variably related to the diverse dimensions and operationalization of social cohesion. While diversity is not associated with the most commonly adduced dimension of social cohesion - namely, interpersonal trust - it does possess a negative relation to two other dimensions of social cohesion: belonging and social solidarity. Even these negative relations are not consistent across different operationalizations of belonging and social solidarity, however. In the face of increasing concerns regarding the implications of diversity for social cohesion, these findings demonstrate that caution must be exercised when examining the relations between these two phenomena.},
  author = {Ariely, Gal},
  doi = {10.1111/1467-9248.12068},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {573–595},
  title = {Does Diversity Erode Social Cohesion? Conceptual and Methodological Issues},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9248.12068/full#jumpTo},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{baloban2005morality,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Stjepan and Črpić, Gordan},
  booktitle = {In Search of Identity. A Comparative Analysis of Values: Croatia and Europe},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip},
  isbn = {9532122567},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {233-256},
  publisher = {Golden Marketing - Tehnicka knjiga},
  title = {Morality in Transitional Croatia},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2005
}

@article{takacs2016social,
  abstract = {By examining social attitudes on same-sex adoption in 28 European countries, we highlighted individual and country-level factors that can determine the level of social acceptance or rejection of this specific kind of adoption. This article contributes to the literature on social acceptance of lesbian women, gay men, and their adoption practices in Europe and directs attention to several previously under-researched aspects of social attitudes on same-sex parenting rights. The empirical base of this study was the fourth round of the European Values Study, conducted in 2008--2010. Using ordered logistic regressions, we examined the impact of several individual and country-level characteristics on the agreement level with the statement that ``Homosexual couples should be able to adopt children.'' We found strong relationships between social attitudes towards adoption by same-sex couples and the existence of legislation permitting same-sex adoption practices at the country-level, as well as some individual attitudes, including those related to traditional family formation practices, ``justification of homosexuality,'' and (non-) preference for homosexual neighbors. Our findings indicate a shift within the potential interpretational contexts of adoption by same-sex couples from a narrow sexuality-based framework to a different and possibly much wider context of family and parenting practices.},
  author = {Takács, Judit and Szalma, Ivett and Bartus, Tamás},
  doi = {10.1007/s10508-016-0691-9},
  issn = {1573-2800},
  journal = {Archives of Sexual Behavior},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1787--1798},
  title = {Social Attitudes Toward Adoption by Same-Sex Couples in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0691-9},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2016
}

@book{pickel2012transformations,
  abstract = {- Gert Pickel and Kornelia Sammet: Introduction: Transformations of Religiosity in Central and Eastern Europe. Twenty Years after the Breakdown of Communism 7; - Friedrich Fiirstenberg: The Religious Factor in Eastern Europe.; Theoretical Considerations on Emergent Forms of Secularized Religion 21; - Willfried Spohn: Europeanization, Multiple Modernities and Religion - The Reconstruction of Collective Identities in Postcommunist Central and Eastern Europe 29; - Kornelia Sammet and Daniel Bergelt: The Modernization of Gender Relations and Religion: Comparative Analyses of Secularization Processes 51; - Gert Pickel and Anja Gladkich: Religious Social Capital in Europe; Connections between Religiosity and Civil Society 69; - Gergely Rosta: Religiosity and Political Values in Central and Eastern Europe 95; - Susanne Pickel: Do Religious People also in Modernity Elect Religious Parties? The Impact of the Religious Cleavage in Eastern Europe and Western Europe in Comparison 111; - Gert Pickel: Religiosity and Bonding to the Church in East Germany in Eastern European Comparison - is Germany Still following a Special Path? 135; - Malina Voicu and Andreea Constantin: Religious Revival in Romania: Between Cohort Replacement and Contextual Changes 155; - Krunoslav Nikodem: Religion and Marriage. Family Attitudes in Croatia 175; - Marit Cremer: The Instrumentalization o f Religious Beliefs and Adat Customery Law in Chechnya .... 197},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  editor = {Pickel, Gert and Sammet, Kornelia},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3798 ; ZA3811 ; ZA3880 ; ZA4460 ; ZA4773 ; ZA4775 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4950},
  isbn = {978-3-531-17540-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  language = {English},
  pages = 216,
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study = {Eurobarometer ; ESS},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; ISSP2002 ; EVS1990 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {Transformations of religiosity : religion and religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989-2010},
  url = {http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/164/bok%253A978-3-531-93326-9.pdf?auth66=1397129223_abb71ec3a48af907275412d6116f4a8f&ext=.pdf},
  year = 2012
}

@book{brechon2000valeurs,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  isbn = {2200252129},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 280,
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Les valeurs des Français: Evolutions de 1980 à 2000 (x- The Values of the French. Evolutions from 1980 to 2000)},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 2000
}

@article{fladmoe2012nature,
  abstract = {The aim of this article is to investigate public opinion on education in Norway, Sweden andFinland. Two questions are investigated: (1) whether there is a Nordic model of publicopinion, and (2) whether public opinion is characterized by political consensus orconflict. Large-scale surveys from 1981 to 2009 are analyzed. The findings reveal thatthe nature of public opinion on education differs between Norway and Sweden on onehand and Finland on the other. In Norway and Sweden there is a tendency for supportersof the social democratic parties to have the most positive perceptions of the educationsystem, even though the degree of polarization decreased during conservativeparticipation in government. In Finland, political polarization was almost non-existent.Finally, the findings suggest that some of the dissatisfaction with the education system,as with other public institutions, was explained by support in populist parties. The articlecontributes to our understanding by filling a gap between research on education andpublic opinion.},
  author = {Fladmoe, Audun},
  doi = {10.1080/00313831.2011.599420},
  journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {457-479},
  title = {The nature of Public Opinion on Education in Norway, Sweden and Finland: Measuring the Degree of Political Polarization at the Mass Level},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2011.599420},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{duque2013values,
  abstract = {Work represents a significant part of a person's life. At working age, people spend much of their time divided between family, leisure and work, and the way a person relates to work conditions family, social and economic relationships. With the proliferation and diversification of occupations – a characteristic of modern societies – the world of work became a personal challenge, as it is no longer seen exclusively from the perspective of existential necessity – concerned about the needs for security and livelihood – but to be now understood as a social phenomenon, with an exchange value through which market's goods and services can be reached. Thus, in contemporary society, work is perceived as something that is not determined, but a reality that involves the whole person and develops throughout life. Therefore, when considering how individuals relate to and value work, we identify the values underlying the mentality that shapes a society. Based on this principle, and according to the European Values Study, the present study intends to analyze the value of work in Portugal in the last three decades and place the results against the national average for the European Union.},
  author = {Duque, Eduardo Jorge},
  booktitle = {Trabalho, organizações e profissões: recomposições conceptuais e desafios empíricos},
  editor = {Marques, Ana Paula and Gonçalves, Carlos Manuel and Veloso, Luísa},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection},
  organization = {Universidade do Minho: Secção Temática Trabalho, Organizações e Profissões. Associação Portuguesa de Sociologia},
  pages = {81-98},
  title = {Work values in portuguese society and in Europe},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1822/25228},
  year = 2013
}

@article{vandecasteele2004individualisering,
  abstract = {The aim of this article is to investigate the change of the influence of social background variables on values with respect to primary relations. In the context of an individualising society, a weakening impact of social background on individual value orientations is often uttered. This research aims to empirically test this expectation. Multivariate regression analyses are pursued with the three waves of the European Value Studies dataset. Models which pool together the three waves of the survey, allow us to estimate the changing effect of social background over time. Additionally, effects of age, cohort and period can be distinguished. The main conclusion of the research is the unchanging influence of social background variables over time. The effects of social class, age, education level, church commitment and marital status on family values are found to persist during the last two decades of the 20th century.},
  author = {Vandecasteele, Leen},
  journal = {Tijdschrift voor Sociologie},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {305-334},
  title = {Individualisering: waar het individu tekortschiet. Een onderzoek naar de sociale inbedding van waardeverandering met betrekking tot primaire relaties},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2004
}

@article{kaasa2013religion,
  abstract = {This exploratory study investigates how various aspects related to religion are related to different dimensions of social capital, based on the latest data from the European Values Study. The study intends to include as many religion-related variables as possible and to cover all main dimensions of social capital. In addition to regression analysis, cluster analysis is used for further exploration of religious composition and its consequences for social capital. The broadest conclusions are that religion is highly related to social capital, but the cognitive dimensions of social capital seem to have a closer relationship with social capital than the structural dimensions. Also, many relationships may be overlooked if not enough different religion-related aspects and social capital dimensions are analysed.},
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli},
  doi = {10.1080/03906701.2013.856162},
  journal = {International Review of Sociology},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {578-596},
  title = {Religion and social capital: evidence from European countries},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03906701.2013.856162#.U02NqPl_vuI},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2013
}

@book{rahlf2014datendesign,
  abstract = {"Die Visualisierung von Daten hat in den letzten Jahren stark an Beachtung gewonnen. Zu den traditionellen Anwendungsbereichen in der Wissenschaft oder dem Marketing treten neue Gebiete wie Big-Data-Analysen oder der Datenjournalismus. Mit der Open Source Software R, die sich zunehmend als Standard im Bereich der Statistiksoftware etabliert, steht ein mächtiges Werkzeug zur Verfügung, das hinsichtlich der Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten praktisch keine Wünsche offen lässt. Dieses Buch führt in die Grundlagen der Gestaltung von Präsentationsgrafiken mit R ein und zeigt anhand von 100 vollständigen Skript-Beispielen, wie Sie Balken- und Säulendiagramme, Bevölkerungspyramiden, Lorenzkurven, Streudiagramme, Zeitreihendarstellungen, Radialpolygone, Gantt-Diagramme, Sparklines, Heatmaps, Bumpcharts, Mosaik- und Ballonplots sowie eine Reihe verschiedener thematischer Kartentypen mit dem Base Graphics System von R erstellen. Für jedes Beispiel werden reale Daten verwendet sowie die Abbildung und deren Programmierung Schritt für Schritt erläutert. Das durchgehend farbig gestaltete Buch ist damit ein wertvolles Nachschlagewerk für eine Fülle von Anwendungsfällen der Datenvisualisierung. " (Verlagsinformation)},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 29. Fassung, März 2015},
  address = {München},
  addurl = {file://J:\Work\Allbus\ALLBUS\Bibliographie\Bibliographie 29. Fassung\verwendete PDFs\Rahlf (2014) Datendesign mit R - 100 Visualisierungsbeispiele.pdf},
  author = {Rahlf, Thomas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12512 ; 10.4232/1.10151 ; 10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.10990},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2391 ; ZA4753 v1.1.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA4972 v3.0.2},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {German},
  pages = 426,
  publisher = {Open Source Press},
  study = {ALLBUS1998 ; ALLBUS2008},
  study-id = {Politbarometer 1977-2021 (Partielle Kumulation) ; EVS2008 ; EVS1981-2008 ; EB71.2},
  title = {Datendesign mit R: 100 Visualisierungsbeispiele},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{rehberg2012soziale,
  address = {Zürich},
  author = {Rehberg, Walter and Moser, Benjamin},
  booktitle = {Sozialbericht 2012: Fokus Generationen},
  editor = {Bühlmann, Felix and Schmid Botkine, Céline and Farago, Peter and Höpflinger, François and Joye, Dominique and Levy, René and Perring-Chiello, Pasqualina and Stuter, Christian},
  isbn = {978-3-03777-122-8},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {125-155},
  publisher = {Seismo},
  title = {Soziale Integration : Indikatoren. Dominique Joye, René Levy, Pasqualina Perrig-Chiello, Christian Suter},
  url = {http://www3.unine.ch/files/content/sites/socio/files/shared/documents/publications/rapport_social/flyer_Sozialbericht_2012_dt.pdf},
  year = 2012
}

@article{dogan1996classe,
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Revue Internationale de Politique Comparée},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {515-540},
  title = {Classe, Religion, Parti : Triple Déclin dans les clivages Electoraux en Europe},
  year = 1996
}

@techreport{pitlik2014social,
  abstract = {This paper empirically examines trust as a determinant of support for government intervention. Its central argument is that the effect of generalized social trust on attitudes toward state intervention depends on how reliable, honest and incorruptible individuals perceive state actors and major companies to be. Building on the idea advanced by Aghion, Algan, Cahuc and Shleifer (2010) that individuals who generally distrust others tend to favour stronger regulation of economic activity, whereas those with higher interpersonal trust prefer less regulation and state control, the paper argues that this perspective overlooks an important spillover effect: interpersonal (dis)trust is closely related to trust or distrust in both governmental and private institutions. Individuals who are inclined to distrust unknown others are also more likely to distrust public authorities and private sector actors, and vice versa. Using data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study for approximately 100,000 to 115,000 respondents across 37 OECD and EU countries, the analysis estimates the determinants of interventionist preferences and demonstrates that the relationship between social trust and support for government intervention is conditional on individuals’ confidence in state institutions and in companies.},
  author = {Pitlik, Hans and Kouba, Ludek},
  journal = {WWWforEurope},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english techreport},
  number = 8,
  title = {Does social distrust always lead to a stronger support for government intervention? },
  url = {http://www.foreurope.eu/fileadmin/documents/pdf/PolicyPapers/WWWforEurope_Policy_Paper_008.pdf},
  year = 2014
}

@article{cazes1995postface,
  author = {Cazes, B.},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 200,
  pages = {201-203},
  title = {Postface},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1995
}

@article{minarik2014religion,
  abstract = {The role of religion has been discussed as a possible explanation of divergent economic development ever since Max Weber. This article examines its role in the post-communist transition. It adopts the approach of Guiso et al. which is based on data collected at the individual level rather than a cross-country analysis. However, with regard to recent literature we allow for a different interpretation of results. The analysis shows that religion still has an impact on individuals' economic attitudes, even after many decades of communist rule. Generally, religion is supportive of pro-market and pro-growth attitudes. The impact of different religions is not uniform, although none of them appears to be an obstacle in transition from a centrally planned economy to the free market. Further, the micro-level findings are compared with the macro-level to explain the differences in the course of transition among post-communist countries.},
  author = {Minarik, Pavol},
  doi = {10.1080/14631377.2014.874656},
  journal = {Post-Communist Economies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {67-88},
  title = {Religion and economic attitudes in post-communist transition},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631377.2014.874656#.VIMZLsnvbR0},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2014
}

@article{oorschot2000blame,
  author = {Oorschot, W.J.H. van and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  issn = {14616696},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-28},
  title = {Blame or fate, individual or social? An international comparison of popular explanations of poverty},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{heunks1996patterns,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Heunks, F.J.},
  booktitle = {Political value change in Western democracies},
  editor = {Halman, L. and Nevitte, N.},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {15-32},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Patterns of social and political integration},
  year = 1996
}

@incollection{phillips1985participation,
  address = {London},
  author = {Phillips, David},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {0333386760, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {146-172},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  title = {Participation and Political Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{valentova2016traditional,
  abstract = {The aims of the present paper are to explore how traditional gender roles (focusing mainly on attitudes towards the division of labour between men and women) relate to social cohesion and to examine whether this relationship differs among men and women. The multi-dimensional concept of social cohesion is measured by two general components: a behavioural dimension (consisting of civic and political participation and the intensity of non-kin social relations) and an attitudinal dimension (institutional trust and solidarity). The analysis, based on the data of the European Values Study from Luxembourg, reveals that being more traditional is related to higher attitudinal cohesion: i.e. higher institutional trust and solidarity. Conversely, traditional attitudes are associated with less cohesive behaviour, namely with a lower intensity of non-kin social relations and political participation. Tradition-oriented women show significantly lower levels of political participation than their male counterparts, whereas traditional men tend to demonstrate less solidarity than women.},
  author = {Valentova, Marie},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-015-0961-2},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {153--178},
  title = {How Do Traditional Gender Roles Relate to Social Cohesion? Focus on Differences Between Women and Men},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0961-2},
  volume = 127,
  year = 2016
}

@article{kerkhofs1992mutations,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {L'Entreprise et l'homme},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {215-220},
  title = {Mutations des Valeurs en Europe (x- Value Changes in Europe)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 64,
  year = 1992
}

@book{voicu2016values,
  abstract = {Over the past decade, European countries have experienced a severe economic crisis with far-reaching consequences for both individuals and governments. Rising unemployment and increasing poverty have led many people to reassess their priorities and life goals, while governments have been compelled to reconsider national social policies as well as international economic and political agreements. Although the crisis affected countries to varying degrees, differences in its impact cannot be explained solely by its magnitude; individuals also respond differently to changing economic contexts. This book draws on cross-national survey data to investigate how wealth and economic conditions shape social values. Rather than focusing on aggregate-level transformations, as earlier volumes have done, the contributions in this collection concentrate on micro-level dynamics in order to explore more thoroughly the interplay between attitudes and values and the ways in which both may shift in response to economic hardship. The volume addresses several dimensions of value change, including the stability of measurement models under conditions of economic scarcity, the relationship between universal value orientations and attitudes toward specific objects such as the welfare state, immigrants or ethnic groups, the effects of economic vulnerability on values and attitudinal orientations, and the ways in which particular political and economic contexts influence political orientations. Overall, the book examines the interconnections between social values, attitudes and economic scarcity in the context of the recent economic crisis in Europe and is aimed at scholars and students in sociology, political science and economics. Following a preface by Ingvill C. Mochmann, the introductory chapter by Malina Voicu and Hermann Dülmer discusses values and attitudes in times of economic scarcity. The second part addresses the stability and change of measurement models, with chapters on the stability of basic human values in Europe and on trust in political institutions. The third part analyses the nexus between values and attitudes during the crisis, covering topics such as political attitudes, attitudes toward immigrants and the European Union, non-institutionalised political participation and democratic legitimacy. The fourth part presents case studies of countries strongly affected by economic hardship, including Greece, Portugal and Romania, before concluding with a synthesis by Hermann Dülmer, Malina Voicu and Ingvill C. Mochmann.},
  address = {Abingdon, Oxon},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Mochmann, Ingvill C. and Dülmer, Hermann},
  isbn = {978-1-13-895917-0},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 318,
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS2008 ; ZA4800},
  title = {Values, Economic Crisis and Democracy},
  year = 2016
}

@article{oorschot2006social,
  author = {Oorschot, W.J.H. van and Arts, W.A. and Gelissen, J.P.T.M.},
  issn = {16993},
  journal = {Acta Sociologica},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {149-167},
  title = {Social capital in Europe. Measurement and regional distribution of a multi-faceted phenomenon},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2006
}

@article{rabusicova2001which,
  abstract = {This paper uses the survey data of EVS 1991 and EVS 1999 and in an exploratory manner it seeks to find answers to four questions concerning qualities which children should be encouraged to learn at home: (1) Has there been a change in preferences of these educational values during the period 1991-1999 in Czech society, which has been undergoing a deep political, economic and social transformation? (2) Are these preferences structured along the social and demographic characteristics of the Czech population? (3) Is there a general pattern in educational preferences among the Czech population and if so, is it traditional or modern values that are being preferred? (4) What is the position of the Czech Republic among other European countries with respect to these preferences?},
  address = {Prag},
  author = {Rabušicová, Milada and Rabušic, Ladislav},
  institution = {Institute of Sociology},
  journal = {Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {123-142},
  title = {Which Qualities Should Children Be Encouraged to Learn at Home?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://sreview.soc.cas.cz/upl/archiv/files/161_123RARAB.pdf},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@book{besic2014tranzicione,
  address = {Beograd},
  author = {Bešić, M.},
  isbn = {978-86-531-0085-8},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 484,
  publisher = {Ćigoja štampa},
  title = {Tranzicione Traume I Promene Vrednoshnih Orijentacija - Generacijski Pristup: Komparativna empirijska studija vrednosti u zemljama bivše Jugoslavije},
  year = 2014
}

@article{rusu2014transnational,
  abstract = {What makes people support the European Union project has been a topic of constant research in the social sciences during the last decades. The key explanations of attitudes towards EU integration and enlargement processes are mainly related to identity issues, trust in political institutions, post-materialism, cognitive mobilization and utilitarianism. This paper revisits these explanations and adds a new ingredient to the debate, namely the role of solidarity in confining sceptical attitudes towards enlargement. We hypothesize that a deficit of transnational solidarity at the level of citizens is related to an attitude of reluctance about further EU enlargement. For this purpose, we employ a multilevel approach on individual-level data from the European Values Study 2008 – 2009 and contextual data for 42 countries. Our findings support the idea of a significant, positive relation between transnational solidarity and pro-enlargement attitudes.},
  author = {Rusu, Horaţiu and Andrei, Gheorghiţă},
  journal = {Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {261-282},
  title = {Transnational Solidarity and Public Support for the EU Enlargement},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2014
}

@phdthesis{muller2013kirchlichkeit,
  abstract = {Wenn in letzter Zeit vom Aufschwung der Religion die Rede war, dann wurde immer wieder auch auf die Situation in Ostmittel- und Osteuropa verwiesen. Inwieweit hält eine solche Behauptung den empirischen Gegebenheiten stand? Olaf Müller untersucht in seiner Arbeit folgende Fragestellungen: Wie stellte sich die Situation im Hinblick auf die Kirchlichkeit und Religiosität der Menschen in den postkommunistischen Ländern unmittelbar nach dem politischen Umbruch dar, und wie hat sich das religiöse Feld seitdem entwickelt? Welche spezifischen Muster und Zusammenhänge lassen sich hierbei erkennen? Und durch welche Faktoren könnte der beobachtete religiöse Wandel bedingt sein? Die Untersuchungen fußen auf einer Fülle von empirischem Material vor allem auf der Basis internationaler Bevölkerungsumfragen.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 28. Fassung, April 2014},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Müller, Olaf},
  isbn = {978-3-531-19850-7},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  pages = 288,
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  school = {Universtiät Münster},
  study = {ALLBUS1991 ; ALLBUS1994 ; ALLBUS2000 ; ALLBUS2008 ; ESS 2002-2008 ; ESS 2008 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS 2008 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2000 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2008 ; PCE 2000 ; WVS 1994-1999 ; WVS 2005-2007},
  title = {Kirchlichkeit und Religiosität in Ostmittel- und Osteuropa: Entwicklungen - Muster - Bestimmungsgründe},
  url = {http://www.springer.com/springer+vs/soziologie/book/978-3-531-19850-7},
  year = 2013
}

@article{dargent2006attitudes,
  abstract = {La multiplication des grandes enquêtes internationales depuis quelques années fournit un matériau adapté à la sociologie du changement culturel. On utilisera ici lenquête sur les valeurs de 1999. Il sagit danalyser comment sorganisent les attitudes morales et les attitudes économiques des Européens, et quels liens entretiennent ces attitudes avec lorientation politique. Sagissant des attitudes morales, on constate lexistence de trois échelles : la première porte sur les murs ; la deuxième sapplique à des comportements témoignant de ce que je propose de baptiser légotisme social ; la troisième sous-tend les opinions émises sur des formes de fraude dans le rapport à largent. De leur côté, les opinions économiques se révèlent moins fortement structurées que les attitudes morales, et souvent en net décalage avec les analyses que développe la science économique, en tout cas sous sa forme aujourdhui la plus courante. Des échelles de ce type ont été mises en relation avec lorientation politique il y a une vingtaine dannées dans le cas français. Bien que moins fortes, ces relations sont de nouveau vérifiées aujourdhui au niveau européen, malgré lhétérogénéité culturelle de ce continent. En France, si le lien des attitudes économiques avec lorientation politique semble sêtre affaibli depuis vingt ans, il perdure sagissant des positions face aux questions de murs.},
  author = {Dargent, Claude},
  journal = {Revue française de sociologie},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {785-816},
  title = {Attitudes morales, attitudes économiques et orientation politique en Europe},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-sociologie-2006-4-page-785.htm},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2006
}

@book{kaina2016european,
  abstract = {It has been argued that the emergence of a European collective identity would help overcome growing disparity caused by the increasing diversity of today s European Union, with 28 member states and more than 500 million people. Research on European integration is facing the pressing question of what holds Europe together in times of crisis, growing distributional conflict and instability in its neighbourhood. This book departs from the ideas of group cohesion in the EU, and reflects on the newest dynamics and practices of European identity. Whilst applying innovative qualitative, quantitative and experimental research methods and an interdisciplinary approach, this volume looks at a variety of issues such as European citizenship, mobility of European citizens, space-based identities, dual identities, student identity and value-sharing. In doing so, this volume presents new perspectives on this complex and dynamic subject and points to potential solutions both in the academic discourse and the political practice of the EU. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of European integration, European studies, international relations, citizenship studies, political sociology as well as more broadly in the social sciences. " Preface Viktoria Kaina and Ireneusz Pawel Karolewski Introduction Ireneusz Pawel Karolewski, Viktoria Kaina and Sebastian Kuhn PART I Theorizing European identity: Recent conceptual perspectives 1 The citizenship-identity nexus in the EU revisited Ireneusz Pawel Karolewski 2 Theorizing European identity: Contributions to constructivist IR debates on collective identity Bahar Rumelili and Münevver Cebeci 3 European identity after Ockham’s razor: European identification Jochen Roose PART II Measuring European identity: New methodological outlooks 4 European Union symbols under threat: Identity considerations Laura Cram and Stratos Patrikios 5 Experimental exposure to the EU energy label: Trust and implicit identification with the EU Philipp Heinrich 6 A Europeanization of identities? Quantitative analysis of space-based collective identities in Europe Katharina Cirlanaru PART III Explaining European identity: fresh empirical evidence 7 Crisis, resilience and EU citizenship: collective identifications of EU migrants in Norway and Denmark Deniz Neriman Duru, Asimina Michaildou and Hans-Jörg Trenz 8 Dual identity and its mechanisms: national and European identity in the Italo-Slovene border area Simona Guglielmi 9 Does immigration contribute to the formation of a European identity? A multi-level analysis in Western Europe Hannes Weber 10 European identity and diffuse support for the European Union in a time of crisis: What can we learn from University students? Kristine Mitchell 11 Commonality and EU identification: The perception of value sharing as a foundation of European identity Tuuli-Marja Kleiner and Nicola Bücker 12 Building ‘us’, and constructing ‘them’: Mass European identity building and the problem of inside-outside-definitions Viktoria Kaina and Sebastian Kuhn ‘In search of the unknown’– An essay on the need of non-knowledge in European identity research Viktoria Kaina},
  address = {London, New York},
  editor = {Kaina, Viktoria and Karolewski, Ireneusz Pawel and Kuhn, Sebastian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2789 ; ZA3387 ; ZA3627 ; ZA3693 ; ZA3938 ; ZA4229 ; ZA3635 ; ZA4744 ; ZA4414 ; ZA4526 ; ZA4565 ; ZA4819 ; ZA4994 ; ZA5449 ; ZA5567 ; ZA5685 ; ZA5876},
  isbn = {978-1138886360},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 272,
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group},
  series = {Critical European Studies, Vol. 4},
  study-id = {EB44.2 ; EB54.1 ; EB56.2 ; EB58.1 ; EB60.1 ; EB62.0 ; EB56.3 ; EB69.2 ; EB64.2 ; EB66.1 ; EB68.1 ; EB70.1 ; EB72.4 ; EB74.2 ; EB76.3 ; EB78.1 ; EB80.1},
  title = {European Identity Revisited. New approaches and recent empirical evidence},
  year = 2016
}

@article{rosta2004religiosity,
  address = {Budapest- Piliscsaba},
  author = {Rosta, Gergely},
  journal = {Sociology of Religion in Hungary},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {43-65},
  publisher = {Pázmány Péter Catholic University},
  title = {Religiosity, Political Attitudes and Secularization in Western Europe in 1981-1999},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 2004
}

@article{pichler2009earth,
  abstract = {abstract: People who see themselves as and feel citizens of the world are oftenregarded as cosmopolitans. Sociology further distinguishes cosmopolitans by a setof particular orientations to the greater world. According to major normativeclaims of cosmopolitan theory, cosmopolitans hold attitudes and beliefs recognizingdiversity. They are also expected to be more open-minded, self-critical andfuture-oriented. Using data from the European Values Study (EVS), the article discussesthe possibilities to operationalize two measurement approaches to cosmopolitanism.The first one, termed the identity approach, is based on self-views asa world citizen and feelings of belonging. The second, labelled cosmopolitan orientation,relates to particular attitudes towards difference. Analyses show thatEVS data on the identity approach are problematic. In a comparative cross-nationalstudy covering 31 European countries, it is found that individual-levelcharacteristics (gender, age, social class, citizenship, etc.) and structural conditions(GDP, sociopolitical regime) impact on the objective measurement of cosmopolitanorientation. The results of a multilevel regression on this measure support theusefulness of approaching cosmopolitanism from a more objective point of view.},
  author = {Pichler, Florian},
  journal = {Current Sociology},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {704-732},
  title = {Down to Earth' Cosmopolitanism: Subjective and Objective Measurements of Cosmopolitanism in Survey Research},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2009
}

@article{brechon2006valeurs,
  abstract = {À laide des données de lEuropean Values Survey (1981 et 1999), larticle montre dabord que se dire de droite ou de gauche continue de faire sens. Ces identités politiques sont relatives, nuancées, plurielles mais elles dépassent les frontières nationales : les mêmes relations  plus ou moins fortes  entre valeurs et échelle gauche-droite se lisent dans toute lEurope de lOuest. Larticle montre ensuite que les identités politiques sont liées aux identités religieuses et que ces deux facettes de la construction individuelle ont des effets combinés complexes sur de nombreuses valeurs. Mais les appartenances générationnelles et le niveau déducation peuvent parfois aussi contribuer fortement à rendre compte de lunivers des valeurs. Dans une Europe individualisée, les valeurs sont multiples et bricolées, mais il existe une certaine régulation des préférences individuelles.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Revue française de sociologie},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {725-753},
  title = {Valeurs de gauche, valeurs de droite et identités religieuses en Europe},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFS_474_0725},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2006
}

@article{clements2013religion,
  abstract = {This article examines the relationship between religious factors and opposition to abortion in Britain. It provides a detailed analysis of public opposition towards abortion undertaken for different reasons, as well as general views on whether abortion is justified or not. It assesses the relative influence of religious faith using the multi-dimensional belonging, behaving and believing framework for micro-level analysis, as well as the impact of personal salience. It also accounts for the impact of socio-demographic factors and political partisanship. It uses data from two nationally representative social surveys and multivariate estimation techniques. The main finding is that opposition to abortion is not solely based on differences in faith or denominational affiliation but that greater religious involvement or commitment, as measured by attendance at services and personal salience, and more traditionalist beliefs underpin opposition. These findings generally hold across surveys, different estimation techniques and different specifications of the dependent variable.},
  author = {Clements, Ben},
  journal = {Sociology},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-18},
  title = {Religion and the Sources of Public Opposition to Abortion in Britain: The Role of Belonging, Behaving and Believing},
  url = {http://soc.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/07/22/0038038513490354.abstract},
  year = 2013
}

@article{orizo1993cambio,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Orizo, F Andrés},
  journal = {Corintios XIII},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {Cambio de Valores en el Sur Europeo: el caso de España. España en la Communidad Económica Europea a la luz la doctrina Social de la Iglesia},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {66/67},
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{stoetzel1988defeatism,
  address = {Boulder},
  author = {Stoetzel, Jean},
  booktitle = {Comparing Pluralist Democracies, Strains on Legitimacy (New Directions in Comparative and International Politics)},
  editor = {Dogan, Mattei},
  isbn = {813304512},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {168-180},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  title = {Defeatism in Western Europe: Reluctance to Fight for Country},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1988
}

@incollection{voicu2013religion,
  abstract = {Previous studies have shown that religion has a positive effect on civic engagement, both beliefs and behaviors increasing the level of social participation. The relationship between religion, state, and society, however, is different in postcommunist countries. The communist regimes imposed a forced secularization, isolating religion into the private life and reducing its impact on public affairs. Using data from European Values Study, 2008 wave, collected in 21 postcommunist countries, this chapter investigates how postcommunist legacy shapes social participation in countries from Central and Eastern Europe. The data shows that church attendance has a significant positive effect on civil activism in the countries under investigation, while belonging to a Protestant denomination boosts the civil engagement. When one takes into account country’s main religious denomination, people living in countries with a strong Catholic tradition are more inclined to participate in civil associations, while those living in Orthodox countries are less predisposed to be civically active.},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  author = {Voicu, Malina and Tufis, Claudiu},
  booktitle = {Religion and Civil Society in Europe},
  doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-6815-4_11},
  editor = {de Hart, Joep and Dekker, Paul and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {978-94-007-6815-4},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {203-217},
  publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
  study = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religion and Social Participation in Postcommunist Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6815-4_11},
  year = 2013
}

@article{janmaat2006civic,
  abstract = {This paper examines the nature of civic culture and the strength of civic attitudes in postcommunist and western countries. In particular, it seeks to explore the internal consistency and durability of civic culture using World Values Survey and European Values Study data. It discusses three perspectives on the strength and durability of civic attitudes in East and West, (the historical roots, the legacy of communism, and the postcommunist transition perspectives) and explores to what extent the pattern of civic attitudes in the two regions matches the predicted outcomes of these perspectives. The paper finds that the attitudes associated with civic culture do not form a coherent syndrome, neither at the individual nor at the societal level. It further finds only marginal support for the historical perspective, which accords a great degree of persistence to civic culture. It therefore concludes that civic culture is not the monolithic and durable phenomenon that some cultural theorists claim it is.},
  author = {Janmaat, J G.},
  journal = {Archives Europeennes De Sociologie},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {363-393},
  title = {Civic culture in Western and Eastern Europe},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{gundelach2008denmark,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {149-173},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Denmark: Solid or Fluid?},
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{crpic2005roles,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Črpić, Gordan and Bišćan, Željka and Aračić, Pero},
  booktitle = {In Search of Identity. A Comparative Analysis of Values: Croatia and Europe},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip},
  isbn = {9532122567},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {207-232},
  publisher = {Golden Marketing - Tehnicka knjiga},
  title = {New (and Old) Roles of Women and Men in Contemporary Europe},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{listhaug1999comparative,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Listhaug, Ola and Aalberg, Toril},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Quantitative Comparative Sociology},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004114114},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {117-140},
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {Comparative Public Opinion on Distributive Justice: A Study of Equality Ideals and Attitudes Toward Current Policies},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {http://cos.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/1/117},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{roudet2001introduction,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Roudet, Bernard},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  editor = {Galland, Oliver and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {9782747517980, 2747517985},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {Introduction: Appréhender les valeurs des jeunes et leurs évolutions depuis vingt ans},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@article{vecernik2014subjective,
  author = {Vecernik, Jiri},
  journal = {Politicka Ekonomie},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {249-269},
  title = {Subjective well-being in the Czech Republic and Central Europe: macro- and micro- determinants},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2014
}

@article{rabusic2001value,
  abstract = {The deep structural changes witnessed in the Czech Republic in the past decade, ie, the establishment of a democratic political regime & market economy, & the transformation of the social security system, could not have steered clear of the everyday life & behavioral patterns of the Czech population. One of the areas that have been profoundly affected is demographic behavior. Marriage & fertility rates in particular have decreased to an unprecedented level. The main thesis of this paper is that the demographic changes in the Czech Republic result from a condensed progress of the second demographic transition, which was triggered off by a value change in young age cohorts born in the 1970s & early 1980s. The new value orientations of these cohorts, which were latently present even before the political change, manifested themselves fully in the free environment of the new democratic society. The paper will present evidence of the value changes by utilizing the data from the 1991 & 1999 European Values Study. It is argued that the coincidence of value & demographic changes can hardly be regarded as accidental.},
  address = {Prague},
  author = {Rabušic, Ladislav},
  institution = {Institute of Sociology},
  issn = {12103861},
  journal = {Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {99-122},
  title = {Value Change and Demographic Behaviour in the Czech Republic},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://sreview.soc.cas.cz/upl/archiv/files/162_099RABUS.pdf},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@article{dompnier2012durably,
  abstract = {From 1981 to today, diffuse support for democratic principles has remained stable with high scores, whereas support for specific forms of democracy has been much lower and largely dependent on the year considered. On the basis of the four waves of the French European Values Study data (from 1981 to 2008), this article investigates the influence of different political factors on attachment or support for democracy by testing three different hypotheses: first, the level and the type of politicization affects opinions on democracy. Second, high expectations of democracy negatively affect specific support for democracy. Third, the "losers' consent" effect means that political opposition to the government turns into dissatisfaction with democracy but does not affect support for general democratic principles. Our results partly confirm the first two hypotheses and provide evidence that the losers' consent effect is a relevant factor to explain variations in specific forms of support for democracy.},
  author = {Dompnier, Nathalie and Berton, R Magni},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {323-344},
  title = {How durably do people accept democracy? Politicization, political attitudes and losers' consent in France},
  url = {http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fp/journal/v10/n4/abs/fp201220a.html},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2012
}

@article{sieben2014religion,
  abstract = {The authors explore the impact of religion on two key parental values – obedience and autonomy – in contemporary Dutch society, one of the most secularized countries in the world. Three main religious dimensions are investigated: belonging (religious denomination), behaving (church attendance) and believing (traditional beliefs about God). In analysing survey data from the 2008 European Values Study in the Netherlands, it was found that religious dimensions appear to be significant attributes of parental values. Furthermore, denominational differences in both autonomy and obedience can be explained by church attendance (network mechanism), whereas differences in autonomy can partly be explained by transcendental beliefs (moral mechanism). However, the heterogeneity of the religious population in the Netherlands makes conclusions anything but straightforward and sometimes contrary to theoretical expectations.},
  author = {Sieben, Inge and Halman, Loek},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {121-140},
  title = {Religion and parental values in a secularized country: Evidence from the Netherlands},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2014
}

@book{inglehart2005modernization,
  abstract = {This book demonstrates that people's basic values and beliefs are changing, in ways that affect their political, sexual, economic, and religious behavior. These changes are roughly predictable: to a large extent, they can be explained by the revised version of modernization theory presented here. Drawing on a massive body of evidence from societies containing 85 percent of the world's population, the authors demonstrate that modernization is a process of human development, in which economic development gives rise to cultural changes that make individual autonomy, gender equality, and democracy increasingly likely. The authors present a model of social change that predicts how value systems are likely to evolve in coming decades. They demonstrate that mass values play a crucial role in the emergence and flourishing of democratic institutions.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Inglehart, R. and Welzel, C.},
  isbn = {978-0521609715},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 344,
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  title = {Modernization, cultural change, and democracy: the human development sequence},
  year = 2005
}

@article{holtmann2015denkt,
  author = {Holtmann, Everhard and Jaeck, Tobias},
  journal = {Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {German},
  number = {33/34},
  pages = {35-45},
  study = {Politbarometer 1990-2012 ; ALLBUSkum1990-2012 ; Eurobarometer 1990-2012 ; EVS1999 ; EVS1990 ; Freiwilligensurvey ; ESS},
  title = {Was denkt und meint das Volk? Deutschland im dritten Jahrzehnt der Einheit},
  url = {http://www.bpb.de/apuz/210548/was-denkt-und-meint-das-volk-deutschland-im-dritten-jahrzehnt-der-einheit},
  year = 2015
}

@article{moor2013family,
  abstract = {The availability of family can be considered a protective factor for aging well. In this article, we examine to what extent the family situation of older people creates vulnerability with respect to their quality of life. Because not everyone is vulnerable to the same degree, we try to identify the conditions under which older people benefit more from having family resources. Based on the resources perspective, we argue that the impact of family resources on life satisfaction is stronger for older people with fewer resources at both the individual level (material, physical and non-familial social resources) and the country level (welfare state services targeted at older adults). To test our hypotheses we make use of the fourth wave of the European Values Study, and the MULTILINKS Social Policy Indicators database. In general our data offer support for the idea that the presence of intimate family ties (with partner and children) can be considered an important resource for achieving psychological well-being, whereas their absence or loss may act as a constraint. Our vulnerability argument is partly supported by the findings. Partner resources are more important for the life satisfaction of older people with a low education and health problems. Similarly, having children only improves the life-satisfaction of lower educated older adults. However, family resources are not more important for older people with fewer material resources or for older people living in countries with low services levels targeted at older adults.},
  author = {Moor, Nienke and {Graaf, de}, P M. and Komter, Aafke},
  journal = {Journal of Aging Studies},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {347-357},
  title = {Family, welfare state generosity and the vulnerability of older adults: A cross-national study},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890406513000467},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2013
}

@article{arts2001welfare,
  abstract = {In this article, we investigate whether and, if so, to what extent, people's notions of solidarity and their choices of justice principles are related to the type of welfare state regime they live under, as well as to individual socio-demographic and ideological factors. We analyse data from the International Social Survey Program 1996 and the European Values Study 1999 , which together cover preferences of citizens from 20 welfare states. Hypotheses pertaining to people's notions of solidarity and preferences for justice principles in the different welfare state regimes are derived from the work of Esping-Andersen and his critics, as well as from sociological and socialpsychological theories of solidarity and distributive justice. We find important, although not decisive, evidence for the thesis that the actual state of affairs with respect to the welfare state regime under which citizens live determines their views about which level of solidarity should be achieved and which justice principles should be emphasized. However, differences found are often not very pronounced, and we argue that this is a consequence of the fact that values of solidarity and justice are matters of priority to all welfare states. Taking into account the differences which exist between welfare state regimes, we also find important differences between individuals and social groups in their preferred level of solidarity and in their choice of justice principles.},
  author = {Arts, Wil and Gelissen, John},
  doi = {10.1177/000169930104400401},
  issn = {00016993},
  journal = {Acta Sociologica},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  notes = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016990152696385; http://proxy.uchicago.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=5691813&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site},
  number = 4,
  pages = {283-299},
  title = {Welfare States, Solidarity and Justice Principles: Does the Type Really Matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/000169930104400401},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2001
}

@techreport{kankaras2010crossnational,
  abstract = {Using a case of Luxembourg a cross-cultural comparative perspective is linked to between as well as within country comparisons by answering a two-folded question. First we analyzed the level of measurement equivalence, i.e. the extent to which ethnic groups in Luxembourg and citizen of their countries of origin assign the same meaning to attitude questions. Secondly, we examined whether ethnic-cultural groups within Luxembourg resemble citizens from their native country more than Luxembourger"s attitudes, i.e. we compared the relative influence of a given national context and cultural background of Luxembourg"s minorities on their attitudes. We selected three scales from the EVS 2009 to demonstrate different types of result from such analyses. As expected, it turned out that cultural background is more important than national context in the case of the Portuguese minority that is culturally more distant to the Luxembourg"s native population, and that national setting is prevailing factor in the cases of German and French minorities that are well integrated in the Luxembourg society. The effect of a common national setting is also important with regards to the issue of measurement equivalence, where it contributes to greater comparability of intra-national, cross-ethnic comparisons.},
  author = {Kankaraš, Miloš and Moors, Guy},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro techreport},
  number = 38,
  series = {LISER Working Paper Series},
  title = {Cross-National and Cross-Ethnic Differences in Political and Leisure Attitudes. A Case of Luxemburg},
  year = 2010
}

@book{arts2004european,
  abstract = {This volume deals with Europe's diversity and homogeneity at the turn of the millennium in terms of fundamental value orientations. Using data from the 1999/2000 wave of the European Values Study the contributors to this book try to identify and offer explanations and understandings of the patterns in the basic values and attitudes that have been ascertained in specific life-spheres, e.g., work and leisure time, religion, morality, society and politics, family and marriage. The result is a cultural map of Europe that captures the diversities and similarities in value profiles of the Europeans.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  number = 7,
  pages = 402,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  year = 2004
}

@article{voas2013modernization,
  abstract = {The tendency of women to be more religious than men has been widely observed. Many theories have been offered to account for this difference, with explanations ranging from the biological to the sociological; no consensus on the explanation has been reached. Using data from the European Social Survey, the European Values Study and the International Social Survey Programme, in conjunction with a new method for measuring the gender gap, we compare different countries, generations and periods in Europe to address three key questions: (1) How much do the differences between men and women depend on what indicator of religiosity (e.g. affiliation, attendance, prayer, belief) is being considered? (2) Is there an association at the national level between the size of the gender gap and the degree of secularization or gender equality? (3) Is there a convergence in the religiosity of men and women across generations or over time? There is some evidence for such a narrowing of the gap in Europe 'most noticeably in southern and Eastern Europe' but substantial differences persist. Even in countries that are comparatively secular and where gender inequality has been much reduced, women are considerably more likely than men to identify with a religion, to call themselves religious, and to participate in public and private religious activities.},
  author = {Voas, David and McAndrew, Siobhan and Storm, Ingrid},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4950},
  journal = {Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {259-283},
  study-id = {ISSP2008},
  title = {Modernization and the gender gap in religiosity: Evidence from cross-national European surveys},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11577-013-0226-5},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2013
}

@article{kocher1985schwierigkeit,
  annotation = {Oktober},
  author = {Köcher, R.},
  journal = {Stimmen der Zeit},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  title = {Die Schwierigkeit, in Freiheit zu leben [The Difficulty to Live in Freedom]},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 10,
  year = 1985
}

@article{pickel2010skularisierung,
  author = {Pickel, Gert},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2150 ; ZA2620 ; ZA3190 ; ZA3440 ; ZA3811 ; ZA3950},
  journal = {Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {German},
  number = 2,
  pages = {219-245},
  study = {ISSP1991 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2000 ; ISSP2004 ; EVS1999 ; Eurobarometer 2006 ; CCEB 2003 ; CEEB 1992},
  title = {Säkularisierung, Individualisierung oder Marktmodell? Religiosität und ihre Erklärungsfaktoren im europäischen Vergleich},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2010
}

@article{dixon2013moving,
  abstract = {In light of debates over the compatibility of Islam and democracy, their importance in the EU candidate state of Turkey which has been led by the religious-based Justice and Development Party (JDP) since 2002, and the paucity of research examining liberal-democratic value change, we examine liberal-democratic value change and its sources in Turkey between 2000 and 2008. The results of our descriptive, factor, and multivariate analyses of European and World Values Survey data (2000, 2001, 2007, and 2008) indicate that despite Huntington's (1996) and Turkish secularists' pessimism, people in Turkey have not adopted more politically religious values during this time. However, personal expressions of religiosity are on the rise, and they are intertwined with politically religious values to some extent. People in Turkey have generally adopted less politically authoritarian values, but they are more supportive of military rule in 2008 than before the JDP came to power. Ethnic tolerance peaked in 2007 but declined below its 2001 level in 2008. While human development theory helps to explain these trends and values, the case of Turkey reveals that other, more political factors -such as nationalism- may counteract liberal-democratic value change. The results are suggestive of a political realignment in Turkey that transcends a secular-religious divide. They further suggest that Turkey is moving neither "East" nor "West"; rather, it is very much moving in its own direction.},
  author = {Dixon, J C. and Borlu, Yetkin and Kasdogan, Duygu},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2011.638085},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {753-779},
  title = {Moving 'East' or 'West'? Examining liberal-democratic values in Turkey, 2000-2008},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616696.2011.638085#.U6heR_l_vuI},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2013
}

@article{gonthier2008justice,
  abstract = {Les données françaises issues de lenquête internationale European Values Survey permettent de montrer que lattachement à légalité et lattachement à la liberté sont globalement indépendants des positions occupées par les individus dans lespace social. Ce consensus peut être précisé, dun côté, par un modèle cumulatif où ladhésion conjointe à légalité et à la liberté trouve sa principale condition de possibilité dans une conception étendue de la justice sociale. Mais il peut également être nuancé, dun autre côté, par un modèle plus exclusif en matière dorientation économique et sociale. Le consensus autour des normes de type égalitaire et des normes de type libéral appelle ainsi à être relativisé par un fort clivage politique dans la priorité donnée à lautonomie et au mérite sur légalité et sur le besoin.},
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric},
  journal = {Revue française de science politique},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {285-307},
  title = {La justice sociale entre égalité et liberté},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFSP_582_0285},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2008
}

@article{dogan1999deficit,
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Revue Internationale de Politique Comparée},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {513-548},
  title = {Deficit de Confiance dans les Démocracies Avancées},
  volume = 6,
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{halman2003contemporary,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Riis, O.},
  booktitle = {Religion in secularizing society : the Europeans' religion at the end of the 20th century},
  editor = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Riis, O.},
  isbn = {9004126228},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-21},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Contemporary European discourses on religion and morality},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{pickel2011vielfalt,
  address = {Opladen},
  author = {Pickel, Susanne},
  booktitle = {Ostdeutschland und die Sozialwissenschaften: Bilanz und Perspektiven 20 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung},
  editor = {Lorenz, Astrid},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4600 ; ZA4800 ; ZA3073 ; ZA4216 ; ZA4991 ; ZA3874 ; ZA3875 ; ZA3161 ; ZA2599 ; ZA2601 ; ZA1920 ; ZA1919 ; ZA1918 ; ZA1917 ; ZA1916 ; ZA4700},
  isbn = {978-3-86649-424-4},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {German},
  pages = {375-400},
  publisher = {B. Budrich},
  study = {ALLBUS2008 ; EVS2008 ; Politbarometer 1977-2007 ; Deutsche Nationale Wahlstudie - Nachwahlstudie 1998 ; Deutsche CSES-Studie zur Bundestagswahlstudie 2002 - Telefonische Nachwahlstudie ; Bundestagswahl 2005 Kampagnendynamik - Vor- und Nachwahlstudie ; Nach der Bundestagswahl 2002: Deutschland im Aufbruch? ; Nach der Bundestagswahl 2002: Das Regierungsprogramm ; Blitzumfrage zur Bundestagswahl 1998 ; Vorwahlstudie 1994 (Trenduntersuchungen) ; Nachwahlstudie zur Bundestagswahl 1994 ; Wahlstudie 1990 (Trenduntersuchungen) ; Wahlstudie 1990 (Panelstudie) ; Wahlstudie 1990 (Panel: 4. Welle) ; Wahlstudie 1990 (Panel: 3. Welle, Oktober-November 1990) ; Wahlstudie 1990 (Panel: 2. Welle, Mai-Juni 1990) ; Eurobarometer ; ISSP2006 ; ESS ; CSES ; AIDS-Vorstellungen in Deutschland:  Wahlstudie 1990 (Panelstudie)},
  title = {Erst Vielfalt schafft Wissen über Ost und West : Strukturdatten, Surveys, qualitative Interviews und Methodenmix},
  url = {http://www.budrich-verlag.de/pages/frameset/reload.php?ID=508&_requested_page=%2Fpages%2Fdetails.php},
  year = 2011
}

@article{heath2005globalization,
  abstract = {As globalization has opened up channels of communication between different countries and increased interest in cross-national analysis, public opinion survey research has expanded its reach in the world. This article examines both the breadth and the depth of the globalization of public opinion research. First, we discuss the growth of cross-national surveys such as the World Values Survey, the International Social Survey Program, the European Social Survey, and the various Global Barometers. We then turn to the issues of data quality and comparability. Has the globalization of survey research meant the spread of a standard “product” of known and equivalent quality to diverse countries? Can survey research in diverse countries and contexts deliver meaningful comparisons of public opinion? Has globalization led to the dominance of an intellectual framework and set of assumptions that may not be quite appropriate outside their original homes? Finally, the article suggests a new standard for “grading” cross-national programs of survey research, inspired by debates in evidence-based medicine.},
  author = {Heath, Anthony and Fisher, Stephen and Smith, Shawna},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.090203.103000},
  issn = {10942939},
  journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  label = {00217},
  notes = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.090203.103000},
  pages = {297-333},
  title = {The Globalization of Public Opinion Research},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.090203.103000},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2005
}

@article{kleiner2016trust,
  abstract = {This article explores why citizens of one nation trust other nations. It is suggested that additional to economic and political performance, cultural excellence constitutes a national image from which transnational trust is derived if the image is prestigious. Using data from the European Election Study, the European Values Study, and Eurostat, multi-level fixed effects regressions are conducted to test this hypothesis. Results indicate that transnational trust is grounded in economic, political, societal and cultural sources. The findings show, furthermore, that for transnational trust, a nation’s ‘cultural modernity’ seems to be the most influential foundation.},
  author = {Kleiner, Tuuli-Marja},
  doi = {10.1163/15691330-12341375},
  issn = {1569-1322},
  journal = {Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {85-111},
  title = {Why We Trust Other Nations},
  url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/15691330-12341375},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{tchernia1994franais,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Tchernia, Jean-Francois},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Français},
  editor = {Riffault, Hélène},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {201-226},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France},
  title = {Les Français et leur société},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{regtde2012relevance,
  abstract = {This study provides the first thorough and cross-national assessment of the concept of authoritarianism with regard to the distinction between the working and non-working classes. This pan-European study is the first to demonstrate that, because there are no substantial differences in interpretation between the working class and the non-working class, authoritarianism scores can be compared meaningfully across the two classes. We demonstrate that the working class is more strongly inclined to authoritarianism, as suggested by Lipset. Building further upon this assessment allows a clear picture of the mediating effects of some of Lipset's presumed drivers of this relationship. Although educational levels explain a major part of class differences in authoritarianism, income level, media use and psychological insecurity play a role as well, albeit to a lesser extent. In addition to examining the underlying processes at the individual level, country-level characteristics are studied. Results show that class and authoritarianism are more strongly related to each other in richer countries than they are in relatively poor countries.},
  author = {{Regt, de}, Sabrina and Smits, Tim and Mortelmans, Dimitri},
  journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {280-895},
  title = {The relevance of class in shaping authoritarian attitudes: A cross-national perspective},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0276562412000224#},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2012
}

@book{esmer2007measuring,
  abstract = {In 1981, the European and World Values surveys started the empirical investigations of value orientations on a global scale. This volume builds on these surveys, which now cover a time period of a quarter of century. Two chapters discuss basic theoretical and methodological issues of value research, while four chapters focus on contemporary processes of value change: cultural globalization, individualization, secularization and democratization. These analyses of the data from the value surveys give new life to social science classics such as Tocqueville, Durkheim, Marx and Weber. The analyses are also of interest to the practitioners of economic and social development as well as educational and cultural policies. Contributors include: Chris Cochran, Yilmaz Esmer, Ronald Inglehart, Neil Nevitte, Shalom Schwartz, Thorleif Pettersson and Christian Welzel. This book was originally published as Volume 5 no. 2-3 (2006) of Brill's journal 'Comparative Sociology'.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  editor = {Esmer, Yilmaz and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  isbn = {9004158200},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 193,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Measuring and Mapping Cultures: 25 Years of Comparative Value Surveys},
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{halman1991katholiek,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {Sociale Aspecten van Modernisering},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and van Wezel, Jan},
  isbn = {9036195152, 9789036195157},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {209-222},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Katholiek en Protestants West-Europa: Een Realistische Distinctie? (x- Catholic and Protestant Western Europe. A Realistic Distinction?)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1991
}

@incollection{dekker2006volunteering,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Dekker, P. and Broek, A. vdn},
  booktitle = {Globalization, value change, and generations: A cross-national and intergenerational perspective},
  editor = {Ester, P. and Braun, M. and Mohler, P.},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {179-205},
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {Is volunteering going down?},
  year = 2006
}

@article{puntscher2015impact,
  abstract = {This study analyses the determinants of the most widely used indicators of subjective well-being (SWB), namely life satisfaction and happiness, within European regions. In particular, we assess to what extent these two measures are related to strictly economic factors or alternatively are driven by social and institutional settings. Our analyses extend the corresponding literature by (1) focusing on European regions instead of nations of the whole world and thus allowing for intra-national differences; (2) highlighting the impact of social capital considered in a broad manner covering general trust, institutional trust, associational activity and the close social ties; and (3) modelling possible spatial influences from the neighbouring regions by estimating a spatial error model. The results indicate that such spatial autocorrelations indeed exist and that the various social capital components are major impact factors alongside the conventional determinants health, religion and unemployment, but that income does not exhibit a statistically significant influence on the SWB of the European regions considered.},
  author = {Puntscher, Sibylle and Hauser, Christoph and Walde, Janette and Tappeiner, Gottfried},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-014-9555-y},
  issn = {1573-7780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1231-1246},
  title = {The Impact of Social Capital on Subjective Well-Being: A Regional Perspective},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9555-y},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{fisher2006decreasing,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Fisher, Stephen and Heath, Anthony},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {207-227},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Decreasing Desires for Income Inequality?},
  year = 2006
}

@article{inglehart1999measuring,
  abstract = {This article responds to two critiques of the value change thesis in this issue. Davis and Davenport claim that the four-item index developed by Inglehart is invalid because respondents' first and second choices are randomly related and that it fails to predict respondents' positions on theoretically relevant social issues. We maintain that they make unwarranted assumptions about how responses to ipsative items should be related and demonstrate that the value indicators are powerful predictors. Clarke et al. argue that the trend toward postmaterialism does not result from long-term generational change but simply reflects declining inflation and rising unemployment over the past quarter-century. We show that period effects, particularly inflation, influence observed values. But after controlling for inflation, there is still a substantial shift toward postmaterialism. Moreover, rising unemployment partly offsets the effect of falling inflation.},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Abramson, P R.},
  journal = {American Political Science Review},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {665-677},
  title = {Measuring Postmaterialism},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2585581},
  volume = 93,
  year = 1999
}

@article{inglehart1999civilisations,
  abstract = {L'Enquête mondiale sur les valeurs qu'utilise l'A. dans son article est la plus grande enquête internationale par sondages jamais réalisée. Elle concerne plus de soixante pays des six continents. Les travaux de l'A. mettent en lumière un double phénomène. D'une part ils révèlent l'existence d'une évolution remarquablement cohérente des systèmes de valeurs dans un sens moderne ou post-moderne. D'autre part, ils établissent la persistance de blocs civilisationnels, soudés par leur héritage historique, et en particulier religieux. Il est montré que le développement économique se traduit par un glissement des valeurs traditionnelles vers des valeurs rationnelles-légales sans toutefois supprimer les différences culturelles.},
  annotation = {August, 1999},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  issn = {2462346},
  journal = {Le Debat},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {23-54},
  title = {Choc des civilisations ou modernisation culturelle du monde?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1999
}

@article{pierewan2014spatial,
  abstract = {Understanding geographical perspective in explaining well-being is among the important issue in the subject. This study examines how nested and spatial structures explain variations in individual well-being across regions in Europe. We use the 2008 European Values Study, comprising 23,483 respondents residing in 200 regions (NUTS2) in Europe. Using spatial dependence multilevel model, the results show well-being to be spatially dependent through unobserved factors, meaning that well-being clusters because of clustering of unobserved factors. These findings suggest that addressing unobserved factors in neighbouring regions is an important issue for understanding individual well-being.},
  author = {Pierewan, Adi and Tampubolon, Gindo},
  journal = {Applied Geography},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {168-176},
  title = {Spatial dependence multilevel model of well-being across regions in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.12.005},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2014
}

@article{bodor2012development,
  abstract = { The current theories of governance and economic development require thepossession of certain social values. The spreading of these values is poor in the Hungariansociety. Accordingly, real development cooperation activities and real bottom-up organisedpartnership networks in Hungary are not frequent phenomena. It seems that the early results ofa research project in the agglomeration of Pécs verify this hypothesis.},
  author = {Bodor, Ákos},
  issn = {1429-7132},
  journal = {Europa XXI},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {175-183},
  title = {Development Cooperation and Partnership in the Mirror of Social Values},
  url = {http://rcin.org.pl/Content/31094/WA51_50326_r2012-t22_EuropaXXI-Akos.pdf},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2012
}

@article{listhaug1984confidence,
  abstract = {This article reports on an analyses of factors related to confidence in institutions The data are from the 1982 Norwegian Values Study It turns out that the unidimensionality of confidence is strong, but there is some tendency that confidence in social order comes out as a separate dimension in a factor analysis. Using two dependent variables in the analysis, one measuring overall confidence in institutions and one focusing on the confidence in the institutions of social order, these are then correlated with various independent variables The most consistent finding is that the personal satisfactions of an individual contribute to confidence in institutions. Basic political attitudes and values have some impact, especially on the social order com ponent. A weak effect of age can also be discerned. Younger people have less confidence in institutions than the older age groups.},
  author = {Listhaug, Ola},
  issn = {16993},
  journal = {Acta Sociologica},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {111-122},
  title = {Confidence in Institutions: Findings from the Norwegian Values Study},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://asj.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/27/2/111},
  volume = 27,
  year = 1984
}

@article{joshanloo2014fragility,
  abstract = {The belief that happiness is fragile -that it is fleeting and may easily turn into less favourable states- is common across individuals and cultures. However, not much is known about this belief domain and its structure and correlates. In the present study, we use multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel modelling to investigate the measurement invariance, cross-level isomorphism, predictive validity, and nomological network of the fragility of happiness scale across 15 nations. The results show that this scale has good statistical properties at both individual and cultural levels, and is associated with relevant psycho-social concepts in expected directions. The importance of the results, limitations, and potential directions for future research are discussed.},
  author = {Joshanloo, Moshen and Weijers, Dan and Jiang, Ding-Yu and Han, Guesog and Bae, Jaechang and Pang, J S. and Ho, L Sang and Ferreira, M Christina and Demir, Melikşah and Rizwan, Muhammad},
  issn = {1573-7780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-26},
  title = {Fragility of Happiness Beliefs Across 15 National Groups},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10902-014-9553-0},
  year = 2014
}

@article{kim2014individual,
  abstract = {This study analyzes variations that occurred between individual and contextual factors in an individuals acceptance of science and technology (S&T). Acceptance of S&T is not fully determined by individual thought. Rather, it is also determined by social context. Hence, an individuals acceptance could be explained by both individual and contextual predictors, rather than by just one or the other predictor.Based on data collected from 31,390 respondents in 34 countries, we applied multilevel modeling to test the effects of individual and contextual factors on individuals acceptance of S&T. For the predictors required for the multilevel analysis in explaining the acceptance of S&T, we adopted perceived risk/benefit, knowledge, and affective image at the individual level, and economic state (gross domestic product per capita), religiosity, and post-materialism at the contextual level.},
  author = {Kim, Seoyong and Choi, Sang-Ok and Wang, Jaesun},
  journal = {Science and Public Policy},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {44-57},
  title = {Individual perception vs. structural context: Searching for multilevel determinants of social acceptance of new science and technology across 34 countries},
  url = {http://spp.oxfordjournals.org/content/41/1/44},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2014
}

@article{kerkhofs1992leurope,
  annotation = {okt. 1992},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Christus},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {499-508},
  title = {L'Europe: une autre échelle de valeurs},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 156,
  year = 1992
}

@incollection{devereux2004racists,
  address = {Manchester},
  author = {Devereux, E. and Breen, M J.},
  booktitle = {Political Issues in Ireland Today},
  editor = {Collins, N. and Cradden, T.},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {168-188},
  publisher = {Manchester University Press},
  title = {No racists here: Public opinion and media treatment of asylum seekers and refugees},
  year = 2004
}

@article{ester1992diffusion,
  address = {Düsseldorf},
  annotation = {December 1992},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and Vinken, Henk},
  journal = {H.H. Medien},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = {2/3},
  pages = {36-59},
  title = {Zur Diffusion und Kristallisation von Wertorientierungen in der Niederländischen Bevölkerung},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1992
}

@article{barboschi2014meeting,
  author = {Barboschi, Monica and Kontrikova, Vera and Bayraktar, Fatih},
  journal = {Research Newsletter: Eastern Mediterranean University},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2014,
  pages = {13-16},
  title = {Meeting of New Online Contacts: Changes in European Children’s Patterns of Sociability},
  year = 2014
}

@article{stam2016arbeidsethos,
  author = {Stam, Kirsten and Sieben, I.J.P and Verbakel, Ellen},
  journal = {Religie en Samenleving},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {6-30},
  title = {Arbeidsethos in Europa: religieuze traditie of modernisering},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2016
}

@article{humpert2010happiness,
  abstract = {Recent studies in economics of happiness focusing on the influence of differentaspects of subjective well-being in transition countries. Here these countries are located inEastern Europe. After aggregating a dataset which combines the World Values Survey andthe European Values Survey, I use an OLS and ordered probit and ordered logit estimationwith marginal effects to perform regressions. The main findings are that individuals intransition countries behave like individuals in western industrialisted countries. This showsthe international reliability of approach the happiness research approach},
  author = {Humpert, Stephan},
  journal = {European Research Studies},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {133-144},
  title = {A Note on Happiness in Eastern Europe},
  url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/857734909/fulltextPDF?accountid=14338},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2010
}

@article{hvizdakova2014level,
  author = {Hvizďáková, Ivana and Urbancíková, Natasa},
  doi = {10.2478/esrp-2014-0009},
  journal = {European Spatial Research and Policy},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {123-136},
  title = {The Level of Social Capital, Innovation and Competitiveness in the Countries of the European Union (EU)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/esrp-2014-0009},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2014
}

@article{lesthaeghe1994expliquer,
  abstract = {Decisions on family formation (cohabiting or getting married, divorce, having children, leaving home) and domestic situations (having an outside job or staying at home) are explained reductively by contemporary theories such as those of G. Becker and R. Easterlin. The cultural dimension should be added. This is shown by analysing the European survey on values in 1990 in four countries (West Germany, France, Belgium and the Netherlands). From 30 indicators belonging to 11 scales of values, we have extracted three dimensions of conservatism which were found to be associated with family and domestic choices in men and women aged 20-29 and 30-50. These findings confirm those from American surveys, even if the interpretation of a single survey is more limited than that of multi-round surveys. Furthermore, neo-classical economic theory seems to be more suitable for describing female behaviour and that of deceived expectations for describing male behaviour.},
  author = {Lesthaeghe, Ron and Moors, Guy},
  journal = {Population},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1503-1526},
  title = {Expliquer la diversité des formes familiales et domestiques. Théories économiques ou dimensions culturelles},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1534020},
  volume = 49,
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{nicolas1994postmaterialismo,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Nicolás, J Díez},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227, 9788481120226},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {125-156},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Post-materialismo y desarrollo económico en España},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{motiejunaite2010female,
  abstract = {This article compares three popular explanations for changes in femaleemployment in post-socialist countries: retraditionalization, reserve army of labor,and revalued resources. Although these explanations are complementary in manyways, the retraditionalization thesis seems the most accurate explanation. In theearly 1990s, gender-role attitudes were highly traditional, a tendency that mighthave contributed to the huge decrease in female labor force participation.Despite the changes, the comeback of the male-breadwinner family model isunlikely, since the acceptance of women's working roles is rapidly increasing.},
  author = {Motiejunaite, Akvile},
  journal = {Journal of Baltic Studies},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  title = {Female Employment in Lithuania: Testing Three Popular Explanations},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2010
}

@incollection{vandenakker1994primary,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {van den Akker, Piet and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {903619833X},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {97-128},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Primary Relations in Western Societies},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{klingemann2004introduction,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Klingemann, H D. and Fuchs, D. and Fuchs, S. and Zielonka, J.},
  booktitle = {Democratic Consolidation in Eastern Europe: Identity, Values and Culture},
  editor = {Klingemann, H D. and Fuchs, D. and Zielonka, J.},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {1-28},
  publisher = {Oxford University press},
  title = {Introduction: Support for democracy in central and eastern Europe},
  year = 2004
}

@article{field2014another,
  abstract = {Opinion polls of adults are used to illuminate public attitudes to Church and clergy in Britain since the 1960s. Wherever possible, comparative data are provided for other institutions and professions. The standing of Church and clergy diminished over the half-century, especially in the 1990s and 2000s, mirroring the net decline in institutional Christianity revealed in performance indicators of church membership, attendance, rites of passage and affiliation. This loss of status reflects, not merely the passive effects of a secularizing climate, but active disenchantment with policies and practices pursued by Church and clergy. The paper exemplifies how secularization can be understood (following Chaves) as declining religious authority. },
  author = {Field, Clive D.},
  doi = {10.1080/13619462.2014.923765},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2014.923765},
  journal = {Contemporary British History},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {190-218},
  title = {Another Window on British Secularization: Public Attitudes to Church and Clergy Since the 1960s},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2014.923765    },
  volume = 28,
  year = 2014
}

@article{park2016socioeconomic,
  abstract = {This study investigates the extent to which both national and personal socioeconomic status shape national norms and parenting priorities concerning child socialization. Data came from the European Values Survey, the World Values Survey, and the World Bank Data Catalog, resulting in 227,431 parents from 90 nations across fives study waves (1981–2008). Child independence was more popular in nations with greater wealth and more highly educated populations; obedience was more popular in nations with less wealth and lower percentages of educated and urban populations. Personal socioeconomic status predicted individual parents' prioritization of child independence and obedience; higher social class predicted a greater likelihood of endorsing independence and not endorsing obedience. Time-slope estimation across study waves revealed that parents' prioritization of independence and obedience may rise over time in developing nations. Results provide implications for education, practice, and policy on cultural variations in parenting.},
  author = {Park, Heejung and Lau, Anna S.},
  doi = {10.1111/jomf.12247},
  issn = {1741-3737},
  journal = {Journal of Marriage and Family},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {43-59},
  publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc.},
  title = {Socioeconomic Status and Parenting Priorities: Child Independence and Obedience Around the World},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12247},
  volume = 78,
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{pierrebrechon2009measurement,
  address = {London},
  author = {{Pierre Bréchon}},
  booktitle = {Charting the Globe: The International Social Survey Program},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS},
  title = {The Measurement of Religious Beliefs in ISSP and EVS Surveys},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00399211},
  year = 2009
}

@article{callens2014attitudes,
  abstract = {The aim of this paper is to investigate attitudes toward the integration of immigrants in Luxembourg---the country with the highest proportion of immigrants in Europe. First, the paper examines how attitudes toward integration (consisting of two dimensions: attitudes toward assimilation and attitudes toward multiculturalism) vary among different groups of the country's residents, i.e. natives and residents with a migratory background. Second, it examines how these attitudes have evolved over a period of nearly ten years. The Luxembourgish European Value Study data from 1999 and 2008 are used. The results of the analyses reveal that attitudes towards the integration of immigrants differ significantly among the resident groups analysed. Native residents are more supportive of the assimilation model compared to foreign-born residents and second-generation immigrants with two foreign-born parents, whereas the latter groups score higher on the multiculturalism scale than the other groups. With respect to trends in attitudes towards integration, the assimilation model gained popularity between 1999 and 2008 among all groups, whereas only a small decrease in popularity was found with respect to preferences for multicultural integration.},
  author = {Callens, Marie-Sophie and Valentová, Marie and Meuleman, Bart},
  doi = {10.1007/s12134-013-0272-x},
  issn = {1874-6365},
  journal = {Journal of International Migration and Integration},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {135--157},
  title = {Do Attitudes Towards the Integration of Immigrants Change Over Time? A Comparative Study of Natives, Second-Generation Immigrants and Foreign-Born Residents in Luxembourg},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-013-0272-x},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2014
}

@article{breen1994social,
  abstract = {As M. Laver (1992) has noted, it is as difficult to categorize Irish political parties as to explain Irish voting patterns because Irish voters simply do not behave like their western European counterparts. Even recent studies employing more sophisticated notions of social class tend to reaffirm the broad conclusion that the relationship between social class & party preference in Ireland is marginal at best. But when logit regression & diagonal reference models are applied to data from the 1990 European Values Study, the relationship between social divisions (social class, class origins, & class mobility) & political partisanship is found to be greater than generally reported. 5 Tables, 24 References. Adapted from the source document.},
  author = {Breen, Richard and Whelan, C T.},
  issn = {3044130},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {117-133},
  title = {Social Class, Class Origins and Political Partisanship in The Republic of Ireland},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 26,
  year = 1994
}

@article{immerzeel2015explaining,
  abstract = {It is common wisdom in radical right research that men are over-represented among the radical right electorate. We explore whether a radical right gender gap exists across 12 Western European countries and examine how this gap may be explained. Using the European Values Study (2010), we find a radical right gender gap that remains substantial after controlling for socioeconomic and political characteristics. However, our results indicate strong cross-national variation in the size of the gap. Explanations for these differences are explored by looking at the outsider image and the populist discourse style of the radical right parties, which are hypothesised to keep women from voting for the radical right. Our results do not confirm this expectation: differences in party characteristics do not account for cross-national differences in the gender gap. Implications of these findings and suggestions for further research are discussed.},
  author = {Immerzeel, Tim and Coffé, Hilde and van der Lippe, Tanja},
  doi = {10.1057/cep.2013.20},
  issn = {1740-388X},
  journal = {Comparative European Politics},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {263-286},
  title = {Explaining the gender gap in radical right voting: A cross-national investigation in 12 Western European countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/cep.2013.20},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2015
}

@article{jaufmann1986technikfreundlich,
  author = {Jaufmann, Dieter and Kistler, Ernst},
  journal = {Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = {48/86},
  pages = {35-53},
  title = {Technikfreundlich? - Technikfeindlich?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1986
}

@incollection{lambert2003christianity,
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  booktitle = {The Decline of Christendom in Western Europe, 1750-2000},
  editor = {McLeod, Hugh and Ustorf, Werner},
  isbn = {0511058667, 9780511058660},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {63-80},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  title = {New Christianity, Indifferences and Diffused Spirituality},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{halman1995values,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {Towards a Market Economy: Beyond the Point of No Return},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {97-120},
  publisher = {ESOMAR},
  title = {Values in East and West: A Comparison of Basic Values in Eastern and Western European Countries},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{gesthuizen2013values,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Gesthuizen, Maurice and Verbakel, Ellen},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {329-353},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Work Values In Europe: Modernization,Globalization, Institutionalization  and their Moderating Impact on the Occupational Class Effect},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@article{sieben2015morality,
  abstract = {In this study, we investigate morality in relation to the public good in post-socialist Europe. Public good morality is defined as the (non)acceptance of behaviour that contravenes the law and harms society and the greater good of the collective, such as cheating on taxes if one has the chance, paying cash to avoid taxes, not paying one’s fare in public transport, and claiming state benefits one is not entitled to. Using data from the European Values Study in 2008 on more than 30,000 respondents in 23 post-socialist states, we find that on average the level of public good morality is quite high: 8.4 on a ten-point scale. However, there are marked differences between individuals and between countries, which we attempt to explain by looking at the legacy of communist rule, processes of democratization and compliance attitudes. We find that individuals living in former Soviet states are more ‘lenient’ when it comes to actions that harm the collective. However, those who lived under communist rule for a longer time display higher (and not lower) levels of public good morality. The level of democracy in a country does not seem to add any explanatory power, but individuals who hold more democratic values appear to be morally less strict. Finally, compliance attitudes such as interpersonal trust and confidence in government do not seem to mediate the observed relationships between communist rule and democracy on the one hand and public good morality on the other hand.},
  author = {Sieben, Inge and Halman, Loek},
  issn = {1736-8758},
  journal = {Studies of Transition States and Societies},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  title = {Morality and the Public Good in Post-Socialist European States},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-438522},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2015
}

@book{pettersson1988bakom,
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Pettersson, Thorleif},
  isbn = {9138099748},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 181,
  publisher = {Institutet för framtidsstudier},
  title = {Bakom dubbla las. En studie av små och långsamma värderingsförãndringar},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1988
}

@article{bavec2007interdependence,
  abstract = {Based on the desk research, the paper provides an empirical insight into correlations between some social values and five selected economic performance indicators for 20 European Union countries. We concentrated on Composite Trust. This is a one-dimensional representation of citizens trust on national level and is calculated from three different types of trust that van Oorschot and Arts (2005) derived from the European Values Study (2001). We confirmed correlations between trust and economic performance, but we have also noticed a very different pattern for the old and the new eu member states. The old eu member states show a positive correlation, on the other hand there is no such correlation for the new member states. A plausible hypothesis is that the same level of Composite Trust causes different effects in different societies and economies.We could also assume that social structures in the new eu member states are still distorted and are not in the equilibrium which characterizes eu countries with long democratic and market economy traditions. Economic performance in the new eu member states is based mainly on economic and not on social incentives. On the other hand, correlation between trust and innovativeness is strong in all studied countries. It confirms many studies which see trust as a fundamental social enabler and stimulator for innovativeness.},
  author = {Bavec, C.},
  journal = {Managing Global Transitions},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {213-228},
  title = {Interdependence between social values and national performance indicators: the case of the enlarge European Union},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2007
}

@article{lagrange2014renouveau,
  author = {Lagrange, Hugues},
  journal = {Revue française de sociologie},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {201-244},
  title = {Le renouveau religieux des immigrés et de leurs descendants en France},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{inglehart1997vergleichende,
  address = {Leverkusen},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft},
  editor = {Muller-Rommel, Ferdinand and Berg-Schlosser, Dirk},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {141-158},
  publisher = {Leske Verlag},
  title = {Vergleichende Wertewandelforschung},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@incollection{dekker2014tocqueville,
  address = {New York, NY},
  author = {Dekker, Paul},
  booktitle = {Modernizing Democracy: Associations and Associating in the 21st Century},
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4939-0485-3_4},
  editor = {Freise, Matthias and Hallmann, Thorsten},
  isbn = {978-1-4939-0485-3},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {45-57},
  publisher = {Springer New York},
  title = {Tocqueville Did Not Write About Soccer Clubs: Participation in Voluntary Associations and Political Involvement},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0485-3_4},
  year = 2014
}

@article{pretto2012orientations,
  abstract = {This article offers an interpretation of data on the work orientations of Italians. The data used are taken from the latest survey carried out by the European Values Study, supplemented with other information specific to the Italian job market, which may aid understanding of the situation in that country. These extrinsic and intrinsic work orientations are analysed in light of the main changes that have taken place in Italys labour market.},
  author = {Pretto, Albertina and Gaio, Loris},
  issn = {1759-3077},
  journal = {Bulletin of Italian Politics},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {165-184},
  title = {Orientations to Work in Italy},
  url = {http://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_239891_en.pdf},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2012
}

@techreport{kukharskyy2012trust,
  abstract = {This paper studies the relationship between trust and foreign direct investment (FDI) in a crosssection of countries. Accounting for the issue endogeneity, this paper suggests that countries with a higher level of generalized trust attract more FDI than the low-trust countries.},
  address = {Nürnberg},
  author = {Kukharskyy, Bohdan},
  institution = {Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics},
  issn = {1863-5733},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english techreport},
  number = 127,
  pages = 10,
  series = {BGPE Discussion Paper},
  title = {Trust and Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Analysis},
  url = {http://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/73424},
  year = 2012
}

@article{behr2014comparability,
  abstract = {This article focuses on assessing item comparability in cross-national surveys by asking probing questions in Web surveys. The ``civil disobedience'' item from the ``rights in a democracy'' scale of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) serves as a substantive case study. Identical Web surveys were fielded in Canada (English-speaking), Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Spain, and the U.S. A category-selection and a comprehension probe, respectively, were incorporated into the Web surveys after the closed-ended ``civil disobedience'' item. Responses to the category selection-probe reveal that notably in Germany, Hungary, and Spain the detachment of politicians from the people and their lack of responsiveness is deplored. Responses to the comprehension probe show that mainly in the U.S. and Canada violence and/or destruction are associated with civil disobedience. These results suggest reasons for the peculiar statistical results found for the ``civil disobedience'' item in the ISSP study. On the whole, Web probing proves to be a valuable tool for identifying interpretation differences and potential bias in cross-national survey research.},
  author = {Behr, Dorothée and Braun, Michael and Kaczmirek, Lars and Bandilla, Wolfgang},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-012-9754-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3950},
  issn = {1573-7845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {English},
  number = 1,
  pages = {127-148},
  study = {EVS ; ESS ; Eurobarometer},
  study-id = {ISSP2004},
  title = {Item comparability in cross-national surveys : results from asking probing questions in cross-national web surveys about attitudes towards civil disobedience},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9754-8},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2014
}

@article{burkimsher2014religious,
  abstract = {The purpose of this research note is to summarize the available data on trends in religious attendance across 24 European countries to determine whether a base level has been reached in some countries. We focus on the changes observed in the period 1990–2012. After critically assessing the data quality of the recent European Social Survey (ESS) and European Values Study (EVS), we present four different methods of assessing current trends. First, we assess intercohort differentials, an indicator previously used extensively. We then look at trends in young people's rates of attendance, followed by trends of the postwar cohorts born in 1950–1981. We proceed to an appraisal of individual life-course variations by looking at attendance as a child and young adult. A compilation of these indicators shows that they often do not fully agree on whether there is growth, decline, or stability. To generalize, the high-attending Catholic countries are more likely to exhibit religious decline, whilst a few ex-communist countries are seeing sustained growth. The most secular countries seem to be generally stabilizing in the 5–20 percent range for attendance rates of the postwar generations.},
  author = {Burkimsher, Marion},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12111},
  issn = {1468-5906},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {432-445},
  title = {Is Religious Attendance Bottoming Out? An Examination of Current Trends Across Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12111},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2014
}

@article{olafsdottir2014public,
  abstract = {Abstract Social scientists have long recognized that macro-level factors have the potential to shape the health of populations and individuals. Along these lines, they have theorized about the role of the welfare state in creating more equal opportunities and outcomes and how this intervention may benefit health. More recently, scholars and policymakers alike have pointed out how the involvement of civil society actors may replace or complement any state effort. Using data from the World Values Surveys and the European Values Study, combined with national-level indicators for welfare state and civil society involvement, we test the impact of each sector on health and health inequalities in 25 countries around the world. We find that both have a statistically significant effect on overall health, but the civil society sector may have a greater independent influence in societies with weaker welfare states. The health inequalities results are less conclusive, but suggest a strong civil society may be particularly beneficial to vulnerable populations, such as the low income and unemployed. Our paper represents an early step in providing empirical evidence for the impact of the welfare state and civil society on health and health inequalities. },
  author = {Olafsdottir, Sigrun and Bakhtiari, Elyas and Barman, Emily},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.045},
  issn = {0277-9536},
  journal = {Social Science & Medicine },
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {174-181},
  title = {Public or private? The role of the state and civil society in health and health inequalities across nations },
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953614006121},
  volume = 123,
  year = 2014
}

@article{mijs2016neoliberalism,
  abstract = {Studies suggest that the rise of neoliberalism accompanies a foregrounding of individual responsibility and a weakening of community. The authors provide a theoretical agenda for studying the interactions between the global diffusion of neoliberal policies and ideologies, on the one side, and cultural repertoires and boundary configurations, on the other, in the context of local, national, and regional variation. Exploiting variation in the rate of adoption of neoliberal policies across European societies, the authors show how levels of neoliberal penetration covary with the way citizens draw symbolic boundaries along the lines of ethnoreligious otherness and moral deservingness.},
  author = {Mijs, Jonathan J. B. and Bakhtiari, Elyas and Lamont, Michèle},
  doi = {10.1177/2378023116632538},
  eprint = {http://srd.sagepub.com/content/2/2378023116632538.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {1-8},
  title = {Neoliberalism and Symbolic Boundaries in Europe: Global Diffusion, Local Context, Regional Variation},
  url = {http://srd.sagepub.com/content/2/2378023116632538.abstract},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2016
}

@article{caragliu2012impact,
  abstract = {We design a conceptual framework for linking two approaches: absorptive capacity and spatial Knowledge Spillovers (KSs). Regions produce new knowledge, but only part of it is efficiently adopted in the economy; the share of efficiently adopted technology depends on cognitive capital. Our dataset is based on a panel of European regions over the period 1999 to 2006, combining data from EUROSTAT and the European Values Study (EVS). We test the hypothesis that insufficient levels of cognitive capital hamper the capability of regions to fully exploit new knowledge. Results show that a lower regional absorptive capacity increases KS towards surrounding areas, hampering the regions capability to decode and efficiently exploit new knowledge, both locally produced and originating from outside.},
  author = {Caragliu, Andrea and Nijkamp, Peter},
  doi = {10.1080/00036846.2010.539549},
  journal = {Applied Economics},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1363-1374},
  title = {The impact of regional absorptive capacity on spatial knowledge spillovers: the Cohen and Levinthal model revisited},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00036846.2010.539549},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2012
}

@article{makarovic2014power,
  author = {Makarovič, Matej and Rek, Mateja},
  journal = {Sociológia},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {686-705},
  title = {Power and Influence-Based Political Participation in European Democracies},
  url = {https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/12181136Rek%20-%20zalomena%20-%20popravljeno%205.%2011.pdf},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2014
}

@book{gerhards2006kulturelle,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Gerhards, Jürgen and Hoelscher, Micheal},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {VS Verlag},
  title = {Kulturelle Grenzen der Europäischen Union. Unterschiede zwischen den Mitglieds- und Beitrittsländern und der Türkei. (English title: Cultural Boundaries of the European Union. Differences Between the Current and Future Member States and Turkey.)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2006
}

@techreport{schnabel2012antidiscrimination,
  abstract = {The paper's leading question is twofold: On the basis of a document analysis, we explore how religion is used to create integration through exclusion on the level of EU policies and debates. Additionally, we investigate on the basis of the European Value Survey, how religion and xenophobic attitudes relate to feelings of Europeanness. The article argues that while religion gained relevance on the level of the European Commission and in public debates as a marker for us and them, individual religiousness in form of church attendance and intensity of belief support Europeanness and xenophobic attitudes decreases it. The dominance of the Christian religious tradition in Europe brings about a sense of European identity and at the same time, works excluding against non-believers and Muslims as the cultural others. European policies, public debates and individual attitudes here, work in the same direction.},
  address = {Umea},
  author = {Schnabel, Anette and Grötsch, Florian},
  institution = {Umea University, Department of Sociology},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english techreport},
  number = 7,
  pages = 29,
  series = {Working Paper},
  title = {Anti-discrimination as a challenge of social cohesion? Religion as a multi-level phenomenon and social integration in the European Union},
  url = {http://www.soc.umu.se/digitalAssets/93/93387_7_2012_schnabelgrtsch.pdf},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{ester2006values,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Mohler, Peter and Vinken, Henk},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {3-29},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Values and the Social Sciences: A Global World of Global Values?},
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{brechon2001jeunesse,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans (chapter 7)},
  editor = {Galland, Oliver and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {2747517985},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {Une jeunesse globalement peu contestataire},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@article{norris2006,
  author = {Norris, P. and Inglehart, R.},
  journal = {Public Policy Research},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {224-233},
  title = {God, Guns and Gays},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2006
}

@book{lyons2012theory,
  address = {Prag},
  author = {Lyons, Pat},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4186},
  editor = {{Akademie der Wissenschaften der Tschechischen Republik, Prag}, Institut für Soziologie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3062 ; ZA4054 ; ZA3190 ; ZA4950 ; ZA2880 ; ZA3910 ; ZA3950 ; ZA4747 ; ZA4186},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {German},
  pages = 403,
  publisher = {Selbstverl.},
  study = {WVS1995-1997 ; Consolidation of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe 1990-2001: Kumulation PCP I und II ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP 2004 ; ISSP1985-1990-1996-2006 ; ESS 2004 ; Eurobarometer ; EES ; EVS},
  study-id = {FlashEB162},
  title = {Theory, data and analysis : data resources for the study of politics in the Czech Republic},
  year = 2012
}

@article{grizzle2015determinants,
  abstract = {Using data from the European Values Study, this study applies the dominant status model of volunteering introduced by Smith (1994) to explain volunteering in Nordic countries. Consistent with the dominant status model, male gender, being married, and high educational attainment are important predictors of volunteering. However, this study also finds that in Nordic countries, neither income nor employment status has a statistically significant effect on an individual’s decision to volunteer. },
  author = {Grizzle, Cleopatra},
  doi = {10.1080/01900692.2014.938820},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.938820},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Administration},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {364-370},
  title = {The Determinants of Volunteering in Nordic Countries: Evidence from the European Values Survey},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.938820},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2015
}

@techreport{akaliyski2012religiosity,
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4973 ; ZA4800 ; ZA3910},
  institution = {Freie Universität Berlin},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {English},
  pages = 11,
  study-id = {EB71.3 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP2003},
  title = {Religiosity and national identity in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1383.8086},
  year = 2012
}

@article{rabusic2000nechtj,
  address = {Brno},
  author = {Rabušic, Ladislav},
  institution = {Masarykova universita},
  journal = {Sociální studia},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {67-85},
  title = {Koho Češi nechtějí? O symbolické sociální exkluzi v české společnosti (Whom the Czechs Do not Want. On Symbolic Social Exclusion in Czech Society)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2000
}

@misc{gerard1985makes,
  author = {Gerard, David},
  booktitle = {New Society},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  pages = {236-238},
  title = {What Makes a Volunteer?},
  type = {Newspaper Article},
  year = 1985
}

@article{noelleneumann1983needs,
  author = {Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth},
  journal = {Encounter},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {72-80},
  title = {Who Needs a Flag? Thoughts on German Attitudes, New & Old},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 60,
  year = 1983
}

@article{jenssen1989verdier,
  author = {Jenssen, A Todal and Listhaug, Ola},
  issn = {8011745},
  journal = {Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift},
  keywords = {1989 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  title = {Verdier og valg i Norge: Svar til Oddbjørn Knudsen},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 5,
  year = 1989
}

@book{faheytony2005conflict,
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {{Fahey, Tony} and {Hayes, Bernadette C.} and {Sinnott, Richard}},
  isbn = {978-9004145849, 9004145842},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 306,
  publisher = {Institute of Public Administration},
  title = {Conflict and consensus: a study of values and attitudes in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland},
  year = 2005
}

@article{brechon2009mesure,
  abstract = {The author aims to examine the main European surveys dealing with social and political issues—the European Values Survey (EVS), the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) and the European Social Survey (ESS)—to observe how religious affiliation and non-affiliation are measured. Are the questions similar in these surveys? Are the results for the same years identical with different indicators? The author gives information about the different available surveys but also highlights the effects of different wording. He looks into the reliability of answers (is there bias linked to social “desirability”, as some sociologists have shown for the USA?), and finally he emphasizes that this very simple data allows complicated issues to be dealt with (singling out paradoxical categories like “believing without belonging” and “belonging without believing”), and quite comprehensive profiles of typical attitudes of each denomination and of those without religion to be described. },
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.1177/0037768609103351},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {163-178 },
  title = {La mesure de l'appartenance et de la non-appartenance confessionnelle dans les grandes enquêtes européennes (The measurement of membership and non-denominational in major European surveys)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768609103351},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2009
}

@article{rousell1995europe,
  author = {Rousell, L.},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {47-62},
  title = {Vers une Europe des familles?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 200,
  year = 1995
}

@book{savicka2004postmaterialism,
  address = {Vilnius},
  author = {Savicka, Aida},
  isbn = {9986638518, 9789986638513},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english other},
  pages = 163,
  publisher = {Research Institute of Culture, Philosophy and Arts},
  title = {Postmaterialism and Globalisation: The Specificity of Value Change in the Post-Communist Milieu},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{ester2006eroding,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Vinken, Henk},
  booktitle = {Globalization, Value Change, and Generations: A Cross-National and Intergenerational Perspective},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Braun, Michael and Mohler, Peter},
  isbn = {9004151273},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 10,
  pages = {89-113},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Eroding Work Values?},
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{gergely2012church,
  address = {Farnham},
  author = {Gergely, Rosta},
  booktitle = {The Social Significance of Religion in the Enlarged Europe: Secularization, Individualization and Pluralization},
  editor = {Pollack, Detlef and Müller, Olaf and Pickel, Gert},
  isbn = {978-1-4094-2621-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {187-205},
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Church and religion in Hungary : between religious individualization and secularization},
  url = {http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409426219},
  year = 2012
}

@article{stam2016employment,
  abstract = {This article examines to what extent a social norm to work moderates the relationship between employment status and subjective well-being. It was expected that the detrimental impact of non-employment on subjective well-being would be larger in countries with a stronger social norm. Using a direct measure of the social norm to work and employing data from 45 European countries, this study assessed subjective well-being levels of five employment status groups for men and women separately. Results showed that subjective well-being of unemployed men and women is unaffected by the social norm to work. However, non-working disabled men are worse off in countries with a stronger norm. Living in such a country also decreases the well-being gap between employed and retired men, whereas retired women are worse off in these countries. This effect for retirees disappears when a country’s GDP is taken into account, suggesting that norms matter less than affluence.},
  author = {Stam, Kirsten and Sieben, Inge and Verbakel, Ellen and de Graaf, Paul M},
  doi = {10.1177/0950017014564602},
  eprint = {http://wes.sagepub.com/content/30/2/309.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {Work, employment and society},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {309-333},
  title = {Employment status and subjective well-being: the role of the social norm to work},
  url = {http://wes.sagepub.com/content/30/2/309.abstract},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2016
}

@book{abbruzzese1995italiani,
  address = {Rimini},
  author = {Abbruzzese, Salvatore and Gubert, Renzo and Pollini, Gabriele},
  isbn = {8880490478, 9788880490470},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 206,
  publisher = {Guaraldi},
  title = {Italiani atto secondo},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1995
}

@article{mitrikas2004semya,
  abstract = {Data collected in 32 European countries in 1990 & 1999 as part of a study, "Research in European Values," are interpreted. It is found that family dominated as the highest value in all countries, & there was no change between 1990 & 1999; family was rated higher than work, friends, leisure time, politics, & religion. However, changes were attested in attitudes toward marriage & related issues. A cluster analysis reveals four groups of countries differing vis-a-vis the views that (1) marriage is an obsolete institution, (2) children can successfully be raised in single-parent families, (3) single women have the right to raise a child on their own, (4) parents should do everything for their children, (5) a woman's life can only be fulfilled if she has a child/children, & (6) abortion is acceptable if a married couple does not desire to have more children. It is found that although more liberal views were expressed by respondents in all countries, there was a sharp division between such countries as Sweden, the Netherlands, France, & Belgium - where marriage was viewed largely as an institution whose time has passed & the right of single women to have children was supported - & other countries of Europe - where acceptance of such views has been slower.},
  author = {Mitrikas, A Algimantas},
  issn = {1321625},
  journal = {Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 5,
  pages = {65-73},
  title = {Sem'ya kak tsennost': sostoyanie i perspektivy tsennostnogo vybora v stranakh Evropy (Family as a Value: The State and Prospects of Value Choice in European Countries)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2004
}

@article{hutchison2016fourth,
  abstract = {Media freedom is typically viewed as crucial to democracy and development. The idea is that independent news media will facilitate free and fair elections and shine a spotlight on corruption—thereby serving as a fourth estate. Yet political leaders often justify restricting media freedom on the grounds that irresponsible news coverage will incite political violence—potentially undermining government and in effect acting as a fifth column. So is media freedom a force for democracy or a source of civil conflict? We hypothesize that the effect of media freedom on civil conflict is conditioned by a country’s level of intolerance. Specifically, we predict when social intolerance is low, media freedom will discourage domestic conflict because the tone of the news coverage will reflect the level of tolerance and ameliorate any inflammatory coverage. In contrast, we predict that high levels of social intolerance will fuel and be fueled by inflammatory news coverage if the media are free, thereby promoting civil conflict. We test our hypotheses across countries and over time drawing from World Values and European Values Surveys and the Global Media Freedom Dataset and find that the combination of media freedom and high social intolerance is associated with increased civil conflict.},
  author = {Hutchison, Marc L. and Schiano, Salvatore and Whitten-Woodring, Jenifer},
  doi = {10.1177/1940161216632362},
  eprint = {http://hij.sagepub.com/content/21/2/165.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {The International Journal of Press/Politics},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {165-187},
  title = {When the Fourth Estate Becomes a Fifth Column: The Effect of Media Freedom and Social Intolerance on Civil Conflict},
  url = {http://hij.sagepub.com/content/21/2/165.abstract},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2016
}

@article{norris2012muslim,
  abstract = {To what extent do migrants carry their culture with them, and to what extent do they acquire the culture of their new home? The answer not only has important political implications; it also helps us understand the extent to which basic cultural values are enduring or malleable, and whether cultural values are traits of individuals or are attributes of a given society. The first part of this article considers theories about the impact of growing social diversity in Western nations. We classify two categories of society: Origins (defined as Islamic Countries of Origin for Muslim migrants, including twenty nations with plurality Muslim populations) and Destinations (defined as Western Countries of Destination for Muslim migrants, including 22 OECD member states with Protestant or Roman Catholic majority populations). Using this framework, we demonstrate that, on average, the basic social values of Muslim migrants fall roughly midway between those prevailing in their country of origin and their country of destination. We conclude that Muslim migrants do not move to Western countries with rigidly fixed attitudes; instead, they gradually absorb much of the host culture, as assimilation theories suggest.},
  author = {Norris, Pippa and Inglehart, R F.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.00951.x},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {228-251},
  title = {Muslim Integration into Western Cultures: Between Origins and Destinations},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.00951.x/full},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{demoor1983nederland,
  address = {s-Gravenhage},
  author = {de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Normen en Waarden: Verandering of Verschuiving},
  editor = {Becker, J W. and al., et},
  isbn = {9060951859, 9789060951859},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {117-151},
  publisher = {VUGA},
  title = {Nederland Binnen de Europese Cultuur; Een Studie Naar Waarden (x- The Netherlands within European Culture: A Values Study)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1983
}

@book{norris2004sacred,
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Norris, P. and Inglehart, R.},
  isbn = {978-0521548724},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 348,
  publisher = {Cambridge University press},
  title = {Sacred and secular: religion and politics worldwide},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{arts2002trust,
  address = {Warzawa},
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {Kultura, Osobowosc, Polityka},
  editor = {Chmielewski, P. and Krauze, T. and Wesolowski, W.},
  isbn = {8388495917},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {321-348},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar},
  title = {Risk and Trust: Value Change in the Second Age of Modernity},
  year = 2002
}

@article{welzel2003theory,
  abstract = {This article demonstrates that socioeconomic development, emancipative cultural change and democratization constitute a coherent syndrome of social progress - a syndrome whose common focus has not been properly specified by classical modernization theory. We specify this syndrome as 'human development', arguing that its three components have a common focus on broadening human choice. Socioeconomic development gives people the objective means of choice by increasing individual resources; rising emancipative values strengthen people's subjective orientation towards choice; and democratization provides legal guarantees of choice by institutionalizing freedom rights. Analysis of data from the World Values Surveys demonstrates that the linkage between individual resources, emancipative values and freedom rights is universal in its presence across nations, regions and cultural zones; that this human development syndrome is shaped by a causal effect of individual resources and emancipative values on freedom rights; and that this effect operates through its impact on elite integrity, as the factor which makes freedom rights effective.},
  author = {Welzel, C. and Inglehart, R. and Klingemann, H D.},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {341-379},
  title = {The theory of human development: A cross-cultural analysis},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2003
}

@article{dogan2002accelerated,
  abstract = {There is no filiation between the agnosticism of intellectual elites in previous centuries & today's decline of religious beliefs in the populace. The analysis is based on several international mass surveys concerning 20 European countries between 1980 & 2000. Religious beliefs are considered as observable social facts. Seven tables bring empirical evidence. The analysis of survey research are preceded by a review of the current sociological literature, particularly in France, on the "crisis of Catholicism," "dechristianization," "paganization," "apostasy," & of the papal encyclics & Episcopal declarations. 6 Tables, 45 References. Adapted from the source document.},
  author = {Dogan, Mattei},
  issn = {15691322},
  journal = {Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {127-149},
  title = {Accelerated Decline of Religious Beliefs in Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2002
}

@article{brechon2002grandes,
  abstract = {Après avoir présenté les trois traditions d'enquêtes sociologiques internationales (Eurobaromètres, Valeurs, ISSP), cet article explicite leurs points communs (par exemple un même souci de réplication des questions au fil du temps, des indicateurs qui doivent être décontextualisés - sortis du contexte national -, des questionnaires souvent compliqués, des problèmes inévitables de traduction en plusieurs langues) et leurs différences (par exemple dans les types de questionnements et les formulations de questions). La fin de l'article explicite les progrès que ces enquêtes ont permis de faire. Elles sont indispensables pour une bonne comparaison entre sociétés, qui ne reposait jusque-là que sur des approches monographiques. Elles permettent de dépasser les stéréotypes et les théories construites sur des impressions ou même des analyses riches mais trop spécifiques. Elles mettent bien en évidence la prégnance des différences culturelles entre pays que la mondialisation ne réduit pas facilement.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {L'Année sociologique},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  language = {French},
  number = 1,
  pages = {105-130},
  study = {ISSP ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Les grandes enquêtes internationales (Eurobaromètres, Valeurs, ISSP): apports et limites},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=ANSO_021_0105},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2002
}

@article{weber2015national,
  abstract = {Immigration is of growing significance to the demographic makeup of Western Europe. A long-standing and highly disputed question is whether a larger number of immigrants are associated with more negative attitudes toward immigration or whether the reverse is true. Previous studies yielded contradictory results on various levels of analysis (national, regional, local). These inconsistencies may partly be linked to what is known as the ‘modifiable areal unit problem’ in spatial analysis. This article seeks to address this issue by analyzing the relationship between the percentage foreign-born and perceived group threat in 15 Western European countries on the national as well as on three differing regional levels (N = 70, 207, and 624 regions, respectively), together with survey data from the European Values Study’s fourth wave. I expect threat effects to operate through national communication systems while contact and habituation to immigrants to work on the regional level. Consistent with theoretical expectations, the results show a positive correlation between the national proportion of immigrants and perceived threat, while the coefficients are negative on the regional level. More immigration might thus lead to a more negative evaluation of the presence of immigrants in European countries, but apparently not within the regions where most of the newcomers reside. Two recent examples illustrate this seemingly paradoxical relationship. As a methodological result, effect size and statistical significance vary with the delimitation of the regional units of analysis (Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS)-1, -2, or -3). This suggests that research in this field should pay more attention to how and why spatial units are defined.},
  author = {Weber, Hannes},
  doi = {10.1177/0020715215571950},
  eprint = {http://cos.sagepub.com/content/56/2/116.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {116-140},
  title = {National and regional proportion of immigrants and perceived threat of immigration: A three-level analysis in Western Europe},
  url = {http://cos.sagepub.com/content/56/2/116.abstract},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2015
}

@article{justwan2015disenfranchised,
  abstract = {Western societies show varying reactions to the challenges of immigration. This is especially true with regards to voting rights for immigrants. This article shows that previous research has neglected generalized trust as a powerful predictor for different degrees of inclusiveness in this policy area. Elections are the gateways to the political decision-making processes in all democracies. For members of the host society, extending voting rights to noncitizens means granting members of an ‘out-group’ direct influence on their own lives. This requires a ‘leap of faith’ that is only possible at higher levels of generalized trust.},
  author = {Justwan, Florian},
  doi = {10.1177/0192512113513200},
  eprint = {http://ips.sagepub.com/content/36/4/373.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {373-392},
  title = {Disenfranchised minorities: Trust, definitions of citizenship, and noncitizen voting rights in developed democracies},
  url = {http://ips.sagepub.com/content/36/4/373.abstract},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2015
}

@article{berlemann2016hurricane,
  abstract = {Abstract While natural disasters might have numerous direct (typically negative) effects, the effect of an increase of natural disaster risk on individual well-being is often neglected. In this paper we study the effects of natural disaster risk on self-reported happiness and life satisfaction at the example of tropical storms. Combining several waves of the integrated European/World Values Survey and appropriate storm data we find a systematically negative effect of hurricane risk on both measures of individual well-being in relatively poor countries in which the population has little possibilities to take protective measures against storms. In highly developed countries, we find a systematic negative and much smaller effect only for life satisfaction. Altogether we conclude that disaster risk tends to play a role for individual well-being, especially on low levels of development. },
  author = {Berlemann, Michael},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.01.020},
  issn = {0921-8009},
  journal = {Ecological Economics },
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {99 - 113},
  title = {Does hurricane risk affect individual well-being? Empirical evidence on the indirect effects of natural disasters},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800916301318},
  volume = 124,
  year = 2016
}

@book{aracic2003postkomunistiki,
  address = {Đakovo},
  author = {Aracic, Pero and Crpic, Gordan and Nikodem, Krunoslav},
  isbn = {9536935058},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 488,
  publisher = {Teologija u Đakovu},
  series = {Biblioteka Diacovensia: Studije},
  title = {Postkomunistički horizonti: Obrisi sustava vrijednosti i religijskih orijentacija u deset postkomunističkih zemalja (Post-Communist Horizons: An overview of value systems and religious orientations in ten post-communist countries)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{brechon2005religion,
  abstract = {Articulé autour de trois grands axes structurants de la science politique - forces, attitudes et comportements politiques ; identités, communautés et citoyennetés ; rôles, régimes et institutions -, cet ouvrage entend témoigner de la richesse et de la vitalité de la politique comparée francophone et renouveler l'éclairage porté sur certains phénomènes politiques contemporains. Résolument ancré dans le concret de terrains de rechercher diversifiés et originaux, ce choix de travaux permet également de poser des jalons théoriques et méthodologiques stimulants sur une discipline en plein renouveau.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Faire de la politique comparée},
  editor = {Nadal, Emmanuel and Marty, Marianne and Thiriot, Céline and Seiler, Daniel-Louis},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3190},
  isbn = {Faire de la politique comparée},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {133-148},
  publisher = {Karthala},
  study-id = {ISSP1998},
  title = {Religion et politique en Europe de l'Ouest},
  url = {http://www.karthala.com/1585-faire-de-la-politique-comparee-les-terrains-du-comparatisme-9782845866935.html},
  year = 2005
}

@article{davis1999their,
  abstract = {Through analyses of national surveys of 21 European countries and Israel, the authors test the conventional wisdom in Europe that modernists are to the left of the religiously orthodox on economic justice concerns. Modernists are more individualistic than the orthodox in seeing individuals, not a deity, as responsible for their fates and as the ultimate moral arbiters. The authors hypothesize that modernists are also economically individualistic in believing that the poor or jobless, not the community or state, should solve their own problems. The authors find that on economic concerns, modernists are far more likely to be to the right of the orthodox than to the left.},
  author = {Davis, N J. and Robinson, R V.},
  journal = {American Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1631-1665},
  title = {Their Brothers' Keepers? Orthodox Religionists, Modernists, and Economic Justice in Europe},
  volume = 104,
  year = 1999
}

@article{zrinscak2002attentes,
  author = {Zrinščak, Siniša},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {509-521},
  title = {Rôles, Attentes et Conflits: la Religion et les Eglises Dans les Sociétés en Transition (Roles, Expectations and Conflicts: Religion and the Churches in Societies in Transition)},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2002
}

@article{rozer2016income,
  abstract = {Abstract According to the income inequality hypothesis, income inequality is associated with poorer health. One important proposed mechanism for this effect is reduced trust. In this study, we argue that income inequality during a person's formative years (i.e., around age 16) may have lasting consequences for trust and health. Multilevel analyses of data from the combined World Values Survey and European Values Study that were collected between 1981 and 2014 support our prediction and show that income inequality is associated with ill health in young adults, in part because it reduces their social trust. The negative consequences of income inequality remain stable for a substantial period of life but eventually fade away and have no effect after age 36. },
  author = {Rözer, Jesper Jelle and Volker, Beate},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.047},
  issn = {0277-9536},
  journal = {Social Science & Medicine },
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {37-45},
  title = {Does income inequality have lasting effects on health and trust?},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953615302537},
  volume = 149,
  year = 2016
}

@article{reeskens2014hostcountry,
  abstract = {While research has traditionally focused on first- and second-generation immigrants' socio-economic incorporation and to a lesser extent on their cultural and political integration, we analyse their affective attachment to the host country. Specifically, we assess: (1) the extent to which immigrants appear more or less ‘patriotic’ than non-immigrants; (2) what individual-level characteristics lead immigrants to greater (or lesser) attachment and; (3) whether cross-national differences in affective feelings towards the host country can be explained by relevant contextual characteristics. Analysing the 2008 wave of the European Values Study, we arrive at the conclusion that immigrants are not disaffected in terms of national pride, and that their own attachment is largely a function of the community in which they find themselves. },
  author = {Reeskens, Tim and Wright, Matthew},
  doi = {10.1080/01419870.2013.851397},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.851397},
  journal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 14,
  pages = {2493-2511},
  title = {Host-country patriotism among European immigrants: a comparative study of its individual and societal roots},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.851397    },
  volume = 37,
  year = 2014
}

@book{duque2014mudanas,
  abstract = {O fenómeno religioso tem sido, ao longo dos tempos, objecto de particular atenção. Foi sendo redefinido perante as suas circunstâncias históricas e socioculturais. Parece ter sobrevivido aos diversos anúncios do seu desaparecimento, anunciados tanto pela via da alienação intelectual (Comte) e antropológica (Feuerbach), como psíquica (Freud) e socioeconómica (Marx). Todavia, é inegável que a modernidade, com a sua consequente individualização social, deixou e continua a deixar marcas de uma progressiva secularização da sociedade. Tal facto conduz a um progressivo desgaste dos referentes provenientes dos costumes e tradições da religião institucional, levando, por um lado, a uma perda da influência da institucionalidade religiosa e, por outro, a uma vivência religiosa mais íntima e privada. Esta transformação, reconfiguração ou inclusive decomposição do religioso na modernidade revela a capacidade que este fenómeno tem em manter-se em constante processo de mudança, adaptando-se e assumindo os contextos socioculturais em que se insere. É desde a actualidade, desde o diagnóstico actual e da sociedade que nos envolve que olhamos para o passado e para o futuro, tentando auscultar a situação sociorreligiosa portuguesa, de forma a caracterizar a religiosidade dos portugueses e perceber até que ponto esta se identifica com a de outros países de semelhante matriz histórico-religiosa (como é o caso de Áustria, Bélgica, Espanha, França, Irlanda, Itália e Polónia), bem como se procura precisar as novas formas ou tendências do religioso em Portugal.},
  address = {V. N. Famalicão},
  author = {Duque, Eduardo},
  isbn = {978-989-755-051-5},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book other},
  number = 1,
  pages = 339,
  publisher = {Edições Húmus},
  title = {Mudanças Culturais. Mudanças Religiosas. Perfis e tendências da religiosidade em Portugal numa perspetiva comparada},
  url = {http://repositorio.ucp.pt/handle/10400.14/16493},
  variable = {v337; v312; v334; v339},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2014
}

@article{decastrocampos2013crosscountry,
  abstract = {Motivated by the dominant role of cross-country heterogeneity in private saving in the creation of Eurozone imbalances over the past decade, we empirically investigate the determinants of private saving for a sample of 30 OECD countries over the period 19902010. In addition to standard macroeconomic variables, we include three country-specific cultural indicators, derived from the World and European Value Surveys. We find these three variablesthrift, trust and religiosityto significantly contribute to the explanation of cross country saving heterogeneity both for the OECD group at large and for the Eurozone countries separately.},
  author = {de Castro Campos, M. and Kool, C. and Muysken, J.},
  journal = {De Economist},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {101-120},
  title = {Cross-Country Private Saving Heterogeneity and Culture},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10645-013-9204-6},
  volume = 161,
  year = 2013
}

@article{toros2014social,
  abstract = {The aim of this article is to set out the various explanations of voting behaviour in Turkey. Its principal intellectual motivation is to present the political and social indicators that shape voting in such a way as to explain how an activity which is so crucial for democratic life is also based upon voters' values and surrounding political context. Although the number of empirical work on voting behaviour in Turkey is increasing there is a considerable room for testing alternative variables and research tools in order to expand the academic knowledge on the problematic. Findings ratified that the political and personal values coupled with the other social factors have considerable impact on the voting behaviour in Turkey. Additionally this research also proved that these factors work differently for the competing political parties. Hence the contribution of this study is the introduction of an explicit analysis on the impact of different social and political factors that are salient in voting behaviour and magnitudes of these factors on different political parties by using a public database. Thus this study will not only uncover the relevancy of the variables in the literature for Turkish voters but also it will highlight the meaning and significance of these factors for different political parties.},
  author = {Toros, Emre},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-013-0247-5},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1011–1029},
  title = {Social Indicators and Voting: The Turkish Case},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0247-5},
  volume = 115,
  year = 2014
}

@article{oorschotwimvan2008solidarity,
  abstract = {The concern that immigration could threaten the sustainability of the European Social Model is a reason to have a closer look at popular images of immigrants in the context of European welfare states. The focus is on Europeans' informal solidarity towards immigrants relative to other vulnerable groups in society. Using data from the European Values Survey 1999/2000 we find that in all European countries the public is least solidaristic towards migrants, in comparison with elderly people, sick and disabled people and unemployed people. Contrary to expectation, there is little relation between welfare state characteristics and people's solidarity, while the relative solidarity towards immigrants is higher in culturally more diverse countries. As expected, the relative solidarity towards immigrants is lower in countries with a more negative opinion climate towards immigrants and in poorer countries of Europe.},
  author = {{Oorschot, Wim van}},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Welfare},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {3-14},
  title = {Solidarity towards Immigrants in European Welfare States},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2008
}

@article{barbulescu2014protecting,
  abstract = {This article investigates the effect of immigration on attitudes towards Europe in Italy. This question resonates throughout the European Union (EU), but does so particularly in Italy  one of EU's most exposed external borders, especially under recent global challenges such as the economic crisis and the Arab Spring. Over the last two decades, Italy received more than four million migrants and refugees, which has put immigration on top of the political agenda ever since. Using data from the European Values Study (EVS), we find that concerns about immigration, especially in the context of the economic crisis of 2007, is a factor of declining support for European integration and that these effects vary across regions. In particular, we demonstrate the mediating effect of context by showing that the effect of being concerned about immigration is more corrosive for support in regions with higher immigration rates than in regions with lower rates.},
  author = {Barbulescu, Roxana and Beaudonnet, Laurie},
  journal = {Perspectives on European Politics and Society},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {216-237},
  title = {Protecting Us, Protecting Europe? Public Concern about Immigration and Declining Support for European Integration in Italy},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/DkzzdmtiIXBiSKXHpBGh/full#.VF-dlsnvbR0},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{riis1997dispersion,
  address = {Århus},
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  booktitle = {New Religious Movements in Europe},
  editor = {Meldgaard, Helle and Aagaard, Johannes},
  isbn = {8772885483},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  publisher = {Aarhus Universitetsforlag},
  title = {The Dispersion of Unorthodox Religiosity in Western Europe},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1997
}

@article{torgler2014suicide,
  abstract = {Suicide has remained a persistent social phenomenon and now accounts for more deaths than motor vehicle accidents. There has been much debate, however, over which religious constructs might best explain the variation in suicide rates. Our empirical analysis reveals that even though theological and social differences between Catholicism and Protestantism have decreased, Catholics are still less likely than Protestants to commit or accept suicide. This difference holds even after we control for such confounding factors as social and religious networks. In addition, although religious networks do mitigate suicides among Protestants, the influence of church attendance is more dominant among Catholics. Our analysis also indicates that alternative concepts such as religious commitment and religiosity strongly reduce suicide acceptance.},
  author = {Torgler, Benno and Schaltegger, Christoph},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12117},
  issn = {1468-5906},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {316-340},
  title = {Suicide and Religion: New Evidence on the Differences Between Protestantism and Catholicism},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12117},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{dargent2014changements,
  author = {Dargent, Claude},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {105-120},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Changements religieux, espace public et croyances en Europe},
  year = 2014
}

@article{hoblaj2000bitne,
  abstract = {This century has been marked by the topicality of values, especially in the sphere of education. Therefore, this article is based on empirical research of the opinions of the population of Croatia regarding the question »what should children learn at home?« Results reveal similarities between the research done in Croatia that done in other European countries.But there is a difference worth devoting some attention to: in Croatia a positive correlation was obtained (although with a certain negative tendency, particularly with younger people) between traditional values and the values that are directed towards the development of individuality; the value of religion was placed by citizens in the second-to-last position. It has also been established that Catholics do not differ from other citizens in their attitude towards the cited values, except that they place a slightly higher priority on religion, though this difference shows a tendency to decrease with young university students and grammar school children. This message should be accepted above all as a challenge to provide a warning, upon theological reflection, about the fact that religion cannot be reduced to human values alone, because in its origin it is not a human creation. This also calls for the establishment, on the principle of the complete development of young generations, of establishing a balance among values that will enable the problem of value ranking to be avoided.For a large percentage of Croatian citizens, catechism is a desirable school subject, although, among university students and somewhat less among grammar schoolchildren, a tendency of a secular relationship towards school catechism is present, i.e. a tendency towards the opinion that school catechism is not a desirable subject in school. In this tendency, the continuation of a practice already present in Croatia must be recognised: a resolution to change the profile of school catechism from the concept of parish catechism into a subject that will, among other things, promote the teaching of values. This idea is likely to meet with success, because this research has also established that Croatian citizens have a high degree of confidence in the institutions having the greatest influence on value formation in younger generations - family, the Church, school.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Hoblaj, Alojzije and Črpić, Gordan},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {359-393},
  title = {Bitne vrednote u odgoju mladih naraštaja s posebnim osvrtom na kolski vjeronauk (Essential Values in the Upbringing of Young Generations with Special Reference to School Catechism)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49411},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@article{halman2006secular,
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Draulans, V.J.R.},
  issn = {71315},
  journal = {British Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {263-288},
  title = {How secular is Europe?},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2006
}

@book{elzo2000espana,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Elzo, Javier and Orizo, A F.},
  editor = {Elzo, Javier and Orizo, Francisco Andrés},
  isbn = {8434874105},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 397,
  publisher = {Fundación Santa María},
  title = {Espana 2000, entre el localismo y la globalidad: La encuesta Europea de valores en su tercera aplicación, 1981 - 1999},
  type = {Edited Book},
  url = {http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/Upload/5_La%20Escala%20de%20Post.pdf},
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{ringdal2013macedonian,
  author = {Ringdal, Kirsten and Simkus, Albert and Listhaug, Ola},
  booktitle = {Civic and Uncivic Values in Macedonia: Value Transformation, Education and Media},
  doi = {10.1057/9781137302823},
  editor = {Ramet, S P. and Listhaug, Ola and Simkus, Albert},
  isbn = {781137033338},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  title = {Macedonian Civic Values within a European Perspective},
  url = {http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137302823},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{abrams1985demographic,
  address = {London},
  author = {Abrams, Mark},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {0333386760, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {21-49},
  publisher = {MacMillan in association with the European Value Systems Study Group},
  title = {Demographic Correlates of Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@article{gelissen2007explaining,
  abstract = {The differences in public support for environmental protection among individuals from 50 nations were investigated. Support was determined by the willingness of individuals to make financial sacrifices to protect the environment. The results from multilevel analyses indicated that significant variance exists within and among nations in the level of support. The contextual-level variance was to a substantial degree explained by individual-level variables, capturing compositional effects. Income, postmaterialism, educational attainment, environmental involvement, and age related directly to support for environmental protection. Contextual-level variables--GDP, GDP growth, and average postmaterialist value-orientation of publics--also related directly to levels of support among nations and explained a significant part of the contextual-level variance. The findings are congruent with the affluence hypothesis and Inglehart's subjective values hypothesis. They also point to the necessity of simultaneously assessing the effects of individual- and contextual-level characteristics on proenvironmental attitudes in cross-national research.},
  author = {Gelissen, J.},
  journal = {Environment and Behavior},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {392-415},
  title = {Explaining Popular Support for Environmental Protection: A Multilevel Analysis of 50 Nations},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2007
}

@article{eidhof2016consensus,
  abstract = {As schools are increasingly expected to develop their students’ political and social engagement in order to promote good citizenship, they are struggling to define what good citizenship is. In this article, we put forward a way of formulating perspectives on citizenship that specifies the normative aspects of good citizenship in a systematic manner. In doing so, we distinguish between citizenship education goals which are generally shared and citizenship education goals that are often disputed. Subsequently, an exploratory data analysis is conducted to investigate to which degree educational level in current Western European educational systems is associated with outcomes regarding these consensus and contested citizenship education goals. The findings provide support for our hypothesis that educational level is predominantly associated with general democratic citizenship outcomes, rather than with outcomes that are emphasized by more specific, but contested citizenship perspectives.},
  author = {Eidhof, Bram BF and ten Dam, Geert TM and Dijkstra, Anne Bert and van de Werfhorst, Herman G},
  doi = {10.1177/1746197915626084},
  eprint = {http://esj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/114.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {Education, Citizenship and Social Justice},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {114-129},
  title = {Consensus and contested citizenship education goals in Western Europe},
  url = {http://esj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/114.abstract},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2016
}

@article{baloban2001crkvenost,
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  journal = {Diacovensia : teološki prilozi},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {7-22},
  title = {Crkvenost župne zajednic (Parish Community Ecclesiasticism)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{weber2016immigration,
  address = {London, New York},
  author = {Weber, Hannes},
  booktitle = {European Identity Revisited. New approaches and recent empirical evidence},
  chapter = 9,
  editor = {Kaina, Viktoria and Karolewski, Ireneusz Pawel and Kuhn, Sebastian},
  isbn = {978-1138886360},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {157-176},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group},
  series = {Critical European Studies, Vol. 4},
  title = {Does immigration contribute to the formation of a European identity? A multi-level analysis in Western Europe},
  year = 2016
}

@article{knutsen1997partisan,
  abstract = {This article takes Ronald Inglehart's and Hans-Dieter Klingemann's (1976) study regarding party and ideological components of left-right identification as a point of departure for a comparative analysis of the relationship between party choice, value orientations and left-right self-placement. The empirical analysis is based on eight and thirteen countries from 1981 and 1990, respectively. Party choice is still the dominant predictor of left-right self-placement although its dominance is not as large as was shown in Inglehart and Klingemann's analysis. However, if value orientations are considered prior to party choice in a causal sense, value orientations have a larger impact than party choice in most countries. Fragmentation of the party system and the division between advanced and less advanced societies are used to explain the cross-national variations. When the explained variance in the left-right scale is decomposed into unique components explained by party choice and value orientations and a compounded component, a strong compounded component is characteristic in advanced societies, while a strong partisan component is found in less advanced societies and in less fragmented party systems.},
  author = {Knutsen, Oddbjørn},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {191-225},
  title = {The partisan and the value-based component of left-right self-placement: A comparative study},
  volume = 18,
  year = 1997
}

@article{takacs2013measure,
  abstract = {How to measure homophobia in internationally comparable ways is a central issue of the present study. Our main goal was to compare attitudes on homophobia in 27 European countries as measured by different variables within two large-scale longitudinal surveys, the European Social Survey and the European Values Study, with both following multistage probabilistic sampling plans, in order to enable a better understanding of the main determinants of homophobic attitudes at the individual as well as country levels. Our dependent variables were the following: the  justification of homosexuality, non-preference for homosexual neighbours, and acceptance of gay men and lesbian women (agreement with the statement that gay men and lesbians should be free to live their own life as they wish). We constructed multilevel fixed-effects linear regression and multilevel logistic regression models in order to test our hypotheses regarding the validity of our homophobia measurement instruments as well as the effects of socio-demographic, attitudinal and country-level variables on homophobic attitudes.},
  author = {Takács, Judit and Szalma, Ivett},
  journal = {Družboslovne razprave},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 73,
  pages = {11-42},
  title = {How to Measure Homophobia in an International Comparison},
  url = {http://real.mtak.hu/11448/1/2013_73_2_DR_How-to-measure-homophobia.pdf},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2013
}

@article{storm2016morality,
  abstract = {The exact relationship between religiosity and moral values is understudied, and it is unclear what the process of secularization means for the morality of Europeans. Previous research shows that religion is associated with low levels of political and economic development. A potential explanation is that religion provides an alternative moral authority to the authority of the state. Using data from four waves of the European Values Study 1981–2008, I analyze attitudes to personal autonomy (vs tradition) and self-interest (vs social norms) in a multilevel model of 48 European countries. The results show that religious decline has been accompanied by an increase in autonomy values, but not self-interest, that the relationship between religion and morality is stronger in more religious countries, and that it has declined since the 1980s. We also show that religiosity is more negatively associated with self-interest among people with low confidence in state authorities.},
  author = {Storm, Ingrid},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755048315000899},
  issn = {1755-0491},
  journal = {Politics and Religion},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 01,
  pages = {111-138},
  title = {Morality in Context: A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship between Religion and Values in Europe},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1755048315000899},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2016
}

@article{halman1987ethostypen,
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  journal = {Sociale Wetenschappen},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {117-143},
  title = {Ethostypen in de Nederlandse samenleving},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 30,
  year = 1987
}

@incollection{pickel2012differentiated,
  address = {Farnham},
  author = {Pickel, Gert and Pollack, Detlef and Müller, Olaf},
  booktitle = {The Social Significance of Religion in the Enlarged Europe: Secularization, Individualization and Pluralization},
  editor = {Pollack, Detlef and Müller, Olaf and Pickel, Gert},
  isbn = {978-1-4094-2621-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {229-255},
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  title = {Differentiated secularization in Europe : comparative results},
  url = {http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409426219},
  year = 2012
}

@book{dehart2013religion,
  abstract = {Religion is back again in Europe after never having been gone. It is manifest in the revival of religious institutions and traditions in former communist countries, in political controversies about the relationship between the church(es) and the state and about the freedom of religion and the freedom to criticize religion, and in public unease about religious minorities. This book is about religion and civil society in Europe. It moves from general theoretical and normative approaches of this relationship, via the examination of national patterns of religion-state relations, to in-depth analyses of the impact of religion and secularization on the values, pro-social attitudes and civic engagement of individuals. It covers Europe from the Lutheran North to the Catholic South, and from the secularized West to the Orthodox East and Islamic South-East with comparative analyses and country studies, concluding with an overall Europe-USA comparison.},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  author = {de Hart, Joep and Dekker, Paul and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {978-94-007-6815-4},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 312,
  publisher = {Springer},
  title = {Religion and civil society in Europe},
  url = {http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/book/978-94-007-6814-7},
  year = 2013
}

@book{orizo1985juventud,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Orizo, F Andrés and Gomez-Reino Carnota, Manuel and Gonzalez Blasco, Pedro and Linz Storch de Gracia, J J. and Toharia Cortes, J Juan},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 475,
  publisher = {Ediciones SM},
  title = {Juventud Española 1984 (Spanish Youth 1984)},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1985
}

@article{hamberg1995worldviews,
  author = {Hamberg, Eva},
  journal = {Sociale Wetenschappen},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {85-108},
  title = {World-views and Value Systems among Immigrants: Long-term Stability or Change? A Study of Hungarian Immigrants in Sweden},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 38,
  year = 1995
}

@article{smrke2012atheism,
  abstract = {In post-socialist Slovenia one observes the re-emergenceof certain traditional defamatory attitudes toward atheism.For this reason, empirical testing of the following theses,which have been publically promulgated by leading representativesof the Roman Catholic Church, have been undertakenin recent years: 1. that atheists are unhappy; 2. that atheistsare unreflective about life; 3. that atheists are immoral; and4. that atheists do not feel solidarity with social minorities.On the basis of data collected by ISSP ; EVS, and WVS researchstudies, it is possible to claim that these statements made bythe Catholic Church about Slovene atheists are unsubstantiated.Especially as regards 'convinced atheists' and 'naturalatheists' who exhibit above-average levels of happiness, aboveaveragebelief as to the meaning of life, average moral rigourand below-average social distance in relation to various socialminorities. The explanations of such findings will be pursuedin a comparative analysis of the ethos and value habitus ofCatholicism on the one hand, and in the secular ideologiesthat have been present in Slovenia on the other. Keywords: atheism, (de)secularization, ex-Yugoslav states, Slovenia, happiness, meaning of life, moral rigour, social distance},
  author = {Smrke, Marjan and Uhan, Samo},
  issn = {0040-3598},
  journal = {Teorija in praksa},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {492-515},
  title = {Atheism in post-socialist conditions: the case of Slovenia},
  url = {http://dk.fdv.uni-lj.si/db/pdfs/TiP2012_3_Smrke_Uhan.pdf},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2012
}

@book{rukavishnikov1998political,
  address = {Moscow, USSR},
  annotation = {in Russisch},
  author = {Rukavishnikov, V. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Ester, P.},
  isbn = {5853021966},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 368,
  publisher = {Coincidence},
  title = {Political cultures and social changes: International comparisons},
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{capraro1993valori,
  address = {Vicenza},
  author = {Capraro, G.},
  booktitle = {Anziani e cultura europea. Atti del convegno naziale della Federuni Trento},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Rezzara},
  title = {Valori europei e loro trasmissione in un 'europa aperta'},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1993
}

@article{abela1994changing,
  abstract = {Data obtained in values studies conducted 1981-1991 among nationally representative samples in Malta (N = 467) & 10 western European countries (N = 15,500) are used to compare the rise of individualized family values in Malta relative to other Europeans. In Malta, change coincides with continuity. In the face of rapid socioeconomic change, most Maltese are successful in keeping alive traditional family values, yet marriage breakdowns have been increasing. Traditionality shows in their strong family ties, an adherence to common religious, social, & political values, & an opposition to permissive behavior. Conventional gender relations remain strong, though new socioeconomic developments & aspirations call for a renegotiation of relations between married partners & their children. The Western European trend toward greater individualization is evident among the higher-educated young professionals. The outcome is experienced as a period of transition & personal indecision.},
  author = {Abela, A M.},
  journal = {International Sociological Association},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Changing Family Values in Malta: A Western European Perspective},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1994
}

@book{halman2011atlas,
  abstract = {Who are the Europeans? How do they think about life after death, work, sex, euthanasia, immigration or freedom? What traditions do they cherish, and which modern values gain ground? This second Atlas of European Values summarizes the beliefs of Europeans in almost two hundred informative graphs, charts and maps.This Atlas is the result of the European Values Study, a research project that has measured values and beliefs throughout Europe since the 1980s. Today, the study spans a full generation, revealing value changes on topics such as homosexuality and working moms, but also demonstrating firm European traditions in democracy and rejection of bribes.The unique Atlas of European Values covers all European nations from Iceland to Turkey, and from Portugal to Russia. It graphically illustrates the rich diversity of values and beliefs of the more than 800 million Europeans living inside and outside the European Union today.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Sieben, Inge and Van Zundert, Marga},
  isbn = {9789004207059},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 137,
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {Atlas of European values 2011 : trends and traditions at the turn of the century},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/atlas-european-values-trends-and-traditions-turn-century},
  year = 2011
}

@phdthesis{pierewan2014essays,
  abstract = {The claim that economic crisis matters for well-being seems intuitive; supporting evidence, however, remains elusive. The present study aims to examine the individual and contextual determinants of well-being across regions in Europe during the 2007-2008 economic crisis. This study contributes to the existing research on the determinants of well-being in three ways. First, while most studies explain the determinants of well-being in the context of non-crisis, this study examines the determinants during a period of crisis. Second, while most research on well-being focuses on cross-national comparisons of well-being, this study investigates variations at both the regional and national levels. Third, while most studies use either individual or aggregate analyses to examine the determinants of well-being, this study uses multilevel models.This study uses datasets that combine individual, regional and country level data. Individual data is taken from the 2008 European Values Study (EVS) and the 2004-2010 European Social Survey (ESS). Regional level data comes from Eurostat and Euroboundarymaps, while country level data comes from the Inglehart Index, UNU-WIDER and Esping-Andersen categorisation on welfare states. To analyse the data, this study uses various multilevel models including multivariate multilevel model, multilevel simultaneous equations model and spatial dependence multilevel model.The main findings show that during the crisis under consideration, well-being is associated not only with individual determinants, but also with regional and national determinants. Results suggest that happiness and health are positively correlated at individual, regional and national levels. In terms of social capital, this study shows the reciprocal relationship between association membership and trust. Frequent Internet use at the time of crisis is positively associated with well-being. Finally, the findings suggest that, by means of unobserved factors, well-being is spatially correlated with the well-being of those neighbouring regions.},
  author = {Pierewan, Adi},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {University of Manchester},
  title = {Essays on well-being during crisis in Europe},
  type = {Doctoral thesis},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{gundelach2002vrdier,
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Værdier på dagsordenen},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@article{kleiner2012national,
  abstract = {European integration has led to an increase in international contact and the need for cooperation among European countries. Willingness to cooperate with other nations is dependent on mutual perceptions and evaluations, which find their expression in national images. One important dimension of these evaluations is trust. This article explores why nations trust one another. The article analyses whether a nation's cultural values influence its assumed trustworthiness when economic performance is controlled. It is hypothesized that nations that have achieved favourable international goals, for example embracing certain cultural values, earn appreciation and admiration. Thus, cultural success lends a special aura that makes these nations seem trustworthy. The social dimensions recorded in treaties provide a record of the specific cultural ideals embraced in Europe. Using data from the European Election Study, the European Values Survey and Eurostat, macro-level empirical analyses are conducted to test the hypothesis. Results indicate that the admiration mechanism has a clear effect on international trust. Thus, the author concludes that the cultural features of nations are important for their image and ascribed trustworthiness.},
  author = {Kleiner, Tuuli-Marja},
  issn = {1751-8040},
  journal = {Place Branding and Public Diplomacy},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {223-234},
  title = {National image and trustworthiness - The role of cultural values in the creation of trust between European nations},
  url = {http://www.palgrave-journals.com/pb/journal/v8/n3/abs/pb201215a.html},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2012
}

@article{ribberink2015socialists,
  abstract = {The political situation in the Soviet Union during the twentieth century has led some to suggest that socialism is some kind of secular religion as opposed to ‘normal’ religion. In modern Europe, however, there have been vibrant Christian socialist movements. This article looks into the different attitudes of socialists towards religion and answers the question whether it is pressure of religious activity or pressure of religious identity that makes socialists resist religion. The results from a multilevel analysis of three waves of the European Values Study (1990–2008) in 21 Western European countries specifically point to an increase in anti-religiosity by socialists in countries marked by Catholic and Orthodox religious identities. },
  author = {Ribberink, Egbert and Achterberg, Peter and Houtman, Dick},
  doi = {10.1080/13537903.2015.1081347},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2015.1081347},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {435-452},
  title = {Are all Socialists Anti-religious? Anti-religiosity and the Socialist Left in 21 Western European Countries (1990–2008)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2015.1081347},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2015
}

@article{sackmann1998european,
  abstract = {This paper analyses the relation between values and practices in European gender roles through a differentiation between public debates and local practices. Values in public debates can be seen as self-representations of leading principles of a society. On the one hand, shared values are produced and reproduced in public debates. On the other hand, individuals interpret and reproduce values in social contexts and institutions. The practices of individuals, however, are highly influenced by specific conditions, for example regional opportunity structures and regional milieus. Shared values (leading principles of a society) and (local) practices can therefore differ. Data from the Eurobarometer Studies, and from the European Values Study, are used to explicate these ideas, while information from Germany is used to show the importance of the regional level to the ways in which values and practices interrelate. The article argues that these cultural differences imply universal principles for gender equality, but at the same time the regional development of specific measures.},
  author = {Sackmann, R.},
  journal = {Innovation: The European Journal of Social Sciences},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {167-190},
  title = {European Gender Roles: Public Discourses and Regional Practices},
  volume = 11,
  year = 1998
}

@article{yucel2014correlates,
  abstract = {Using the most recent wave of European Values Survey (EVS) data, this study explores the correlates of generalized trust by comparing Turkish and Greek communities living on the island of Cyprus. The results suggest that, besides confidence in institutions, there are different determinants of trust for each Cypriot community. In comparing Greek and Turkish Cypriots, the results suggest that being married, being older, having an urban residence, being in better health, and participating more in voluntary organizations are correlated with higher levels of generalized trust among Turkish Cypriots, whereas Greek Cypriots who are natives and who have more life satisfaction have higher levels of generalized trust. This study makes a significant contribution by being the first empirical study to test generalized trust among both communities living in the island of Cyprus. },
  author = {Yucel, Deniz and Ekici, Tufan},
  doi = {10.1017/S1062798714000271},
  issn = {1474-0575},
  journal = {European Review},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 03,
  pages = {453-468},
  title = {Correlates of Generalized Trust among Turkish and Greek Cypriots: Evidence from the European Values Survey Data},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1062798714000271},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2014
}

@article{coutinho2014clusters,
  abstract = {This article presents results of the author's PhD thesis based on religious beliefs and practices, and attitudes of towards marriage, life, and sexuality. The sample included 500 undergraduate students from public universities of Lisbon. Applying multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis to these beliefs, practices, and attitudes, three clusters or types of religiosity were produced: nuclear Catholics, intermediate Catholics, and non-Catholics. These clusters were characterised in terms of religious socialisation, as well as of non-Catholic beliefs and practices, and aspects of life. When crossed with these last items, the clusters were renamed respectively: socio-centred orthodox, ambitious heterodox, activist and hedonist non-believers.},
  author = {Coutinho, José P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4460 ; 10.4232/1.10188},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v2.0.0 ; ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {109-130},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Clusters of religiosity of Portuguese undergraduate youth},
  url = {http://spp.revues.org/1582},
  volume = 75,
  year = 2014
}

@article{simons1986conservative,
  abstract = {Current British attitudes concerning fertility are examined, and the probabilities that these will lead either to a further decline to below replacement-level fertility or to a level that will sustain population replacement are assessed. The author concludes that the optimistic, or replacement-level, alternative is the more likely. The evidence for this conclusion is examined, including evidence of conservative attitudes toward fertility and childbearing, and the relative stability of the family structure; comparisons are made with the situation elsewhere in Europe},
  author = {Simons, John},
  journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Social Affairs},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {41-54},
  title = {How Conservative are British Attitudes to Reproduction?},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1986
}

@inproceedings{biolcatirinaldi2011secularization,
  address = {Lausanne, Switzerland},
  author = {Biolcati-Rinaldi, Ferruccio and Vezzoni, Cristiano},
  booktitle = {European Survey Research Association, Lausanne, 18-22 July 2011},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  title = {Secularization or Religious Revival? Measuring Church Attendance Trend in Italy Using Multilevel Analysis},
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{esmer2007globalization,
  abstract = {It is frequently asserted that the ongoing process that is commonly referred to as globalization should bring about widespread changes in values. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the unparalleled increases in the flow of capital, goods, services and information coupled with the revolutionary developments in information and communication technologies should result in a convergence of values.This paper is attempt to assess the direction and the magnitude of value change between 1981, when the first WVS/EVS surveys were conducted, and 2001, the last year for which data are available. Data from some 20 countries are analyzed to follow possible changes in values. Furthermore, the paper offers a test of the convergence hypothesis by examining the standard deviations and the coefficients of variation of a wideranging list of values.The conclusion is that cultural value change has been rather limited during this period at least for this sample of countries. Among the dimensions studied, marriage, family and gender relations seem to be the area of most significant change. On the other hand, we have found almost no evidence for even a slow convergence of values.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Esmer, Yilmaz},
  booktitle = {Measuring and Mapping Cultures: 25 Years of Comparative Value Surveys},
  editor = {Esmer, Yilmaz and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  isbn = {9004158200},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {79-98},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Globalization, "McDonaldization" and Values: Quo Vadis?},
  year = 2007
}

@article{jutz2015income,
  abstract = {The paper examines the role of income inequality and redistribution in shaping income-related health inequalities across Europe and contributes to the literature on macro-level determinants of socio-economic health disparities in two main ways. First, it moves beyond the traditional focus on welfare state regimes by incorporating quantifiable indicators of social policy, and second, it complements research that primarily concentrates on educational differences by analysing health inequalities based on income disparities. The empirical analysis draws on data from the European Values Study (2008/2009), covering 42 European countries, and combines these with country-level indicators from SWIID, Eurostat and the ILO, including measures of income inequality, social policies and economic performance. A two-step hierarchical estimation approach is employed: at the individual level, the effect of household income on self-assessed health is estimated, and this effect is then used at the country level as an indicator of income-related health inequality. The findings at the individual level confirm that income-related health inequalities are present throughout Europe. At the country level, higher income inequality is shown to be significantly associated with greater health inequalities, whereas social policy indicators do not display statistically significant relationships with health inequalities, although the expected negative association is observed. Economic performance appears to reduce health inequalities. Across all models, income inequality emerges as the most influential explanatory factor. The results suggest that income inequality has a stronger impact on health disparities than social policy measures; however, social policies are positively related to overall population health, indicating that they benefit individuals across socio-economic positions. Although social policies are not significantly linked to the magnitude of health inequalities, their redistributive function remains relevant, as reducing income inequality through public redistribution may ultimately contribute to diminishing health inequalities.},
  author = {Jutz, Regina},
  doi = {10.1186/s12939-015-0247-y},
  issn = {1475-9276},
  journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 117,
  pages = {1-14},
  title = {The role of income inequality and social policies on income-related health inequalities in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-015-0247-y},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2015
}

@article{dickes2009construct,
  author = {Dickes, Paul and Valentova, Marie and Borsenberger, Monique},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Social Indicators research},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {451-473},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Construct Validation and Application of a common Measure of  Social Cohesion in 33 European Countries},
  volume = 98,
  year = 2009
}

@article{tomka2006ifjsgi,
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  journal = {Új Ifjúsági Szemle},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {5-19},
  title = {Az ifjúsági vallásosság három évtizede (=The decades of the religiosity of the youth)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2006
}

@article{matausic2001mediji,
  abstract = {In the context of value chrisis in the Croatian society, it is impossible to avoid the media. They are a constituent part of that crisis, its reflection but its factor as well. Today, the value crisis as well as the media crisis are global. In Croatia it is amplified by the presence of the communist legacy, the consequences of war, general impoverishment of the population and the commercialization of media.It is justified to talk about the crisis when the discrepancy between the norms and the real situation is such that it prevents the system from working. The first part of the article points to the fact that we can really talk about the crisis of Croatian media, the second part tries to examine the relationship of the public towards (such) media, while the third part brings forward some theological observations regarding the media.Together with now almost traditional ways of violation of human dignity in media through the excessive display of violence and pornography emerges the fact that today in Croatian media anybody can be accused of anything without the need to prove the person's guilt. Besides, the praxis of ruthless digging out of information of somebody's private life has become very common, especially with famous people. That threatens their reputation, often their health and sometimes even their survival. It becomes even more problematic because of the fact that the most important media are under control of the politicians and every center of political power in Coatia wants to have its own media. While the mechanisms of the journalists' resistence to the political influence on media are not sufficiently developed, the commercialization of media establishes their new dependence on the economic sphere. As there is not enough profit for everyone on our market, an unsparing fight of all arms for gaining the audience goes on among the leading media.These are the causes of further deviations. According to the judgement of the leading people in media, some of the basic values of journalism and its ethics are not being respected, in the first place the authenticity and verification of what is being published. Because of the postition of media whose power is almost unlimited, it is very hard to fight for justice against them.Bad economic conditions are a cause of further unfavourable influences such as, for example, the concentration of media in the hands of a small group of owners. The fact that owing to that freedom and power it is easier for the media to point to some misuses and irregularities in public activities does not justify their negativity. Similarly, the fact that the greater part of journalists does their job well and the most media contents are all right cannot be the reason for not pointing to the disregard of journalist profession and ethics in other cases.In order to improve the conditions, we point out the need to clarify the proprietary relationships in media, define the educational and expert criteria for journalists, better explore the conditions in media, develop the civic society with the greater influence of citizens on media, as well as to develop the judicature. In the second part the article brings up some results on media from the European Values Survey and similar researches that have been conducted in Croatia during the last three years. Among other things, these surveys have shown that the trust among people is very low, which is obviously contributed to by the described condition of the media. However, it all happens at the expense of the media themselves, because of all social institutions they hold the last place regarding the trust the young citizens (between 18 and 35 years of age) have in them. The Catholic media hold a much better place, but their distribution is smaller, which suggests that they are less influential as well. The lack of trust in secular media does not mean they are less influential.The results of the research show that the acceptance of values (for example: positive attitude towards one's job, trust in people, enthusiasm for living, feeling of joy etc.) is proportional to media observance, especially the news oriented media.The third part of the article reports the results of the theological observations and considerations on media in West-European countries conducted during the last decade. The media compete with the traditional role of the religion: they bring the people together, they explain the meaning of life and promise deliverance. Recently the Internet has joined the other media. In its cybernetic space it creates the impression that man is omnipotent. The religious role is characterized by the ritual repetition of the various contents in media (always at the same time), which is all garnished with advertisements which consciously express their promises using the religious vocabulary.A crisis is always a chance to improve a current condition. That is why we first have to take into account the positive sides of media and enable them to express themselves more. In its official documents the Church has set a very demanding programme, but its realization has been poor so far. It is urgent that the Church emphasizes the importance of the media in its activities, and gives even more importance to nurturing the authentic communication within its traditional area of action.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Matausić, Mirko},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {361-379},
  title = {Mediji u krizi vrednota (Mass-media in Value Crisis)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/45756},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2001
}

@article{franzen2013acquiescence,
  abstract = {Objectives: This study examines the effect of countries wealth on individuals willingness to pay for environmental protection. Former studies using the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) report a positive effect, while studies using the World Values Survey (WVS) or the European Values Study (EVS) find the opposite. In this article, we explain and reconcile these opposing findings. Methods: First, we analyze the three data sets (ISSP, WVS, and EVS) separately by  applying multilevel analyses and replicate the different findings. Second, we take respondents acquiescence into account and demonstrate that wealth has a positive effect on the willingness to pay in the combined data set. Results: Respondents in poorer nations in Asia and Eastern Europe have higher levels of acquiescence than respondents in richer Western nations. This difference conceals the wealth effect of studies analyzing the WVS or EVS. If acquiescence is properly taken into account, the wealth effect is confirmed.Conclusion: Theory predicts that wealth and the willingness to protect the environment should be positively associated. This wealth effect is confirmed by our analyses of the ISSP, WVS, and EVS.},
  author = {Franzen, Axel and Vogl, Dominikus},
  journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {637-659},
  title = {Acquiescence and the Willingness to Pay for Environmental Protection: A Comparison of the ISSP, WVS, and EVS},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00903.x/full},
  volume = 94,
  year = 2013
}

@article{dunn2014pluralistic,
  abstract = {Modern democracy is based in dissent and diversity. The essential defining aspect of democracy is the existence of competitive and fair elections; an element which emphasizes diversity of opinion and serves to place one party (or group of parties) in power, while relegating the other(s) to dissent. The diversity inherent to democratic systems instills in a country's inhabitants an awareness of difference, which in turn propagates more tolerant individuals. In autocratic regimes, expression of diversity is restrained, being considered the basis of disorder and thereby detrimental to the state. In liberal democratic societies, freedom of expression and speech and a free media are widely accepted principles. Political parties and social groups in liberal democratic societies are therefore able to express varied and opposing opinions on societal concerns, and such opinions are broadcast to large swaths of the population. Exposure to such variety indicates to even the most inattentive of individuals that they reside in a diverse and heterogeneous society. For many individuals, exposure to diversity promotes tolerance of difference. While diversity tends to breed tolerance, there is a critical exception to this generality. Exposure to diversity only facilitates tolerance of difference when such exposure occurs under positive or neutral conditions. Those who are exposed to diversity under aversive conditions are instead pushed toward intolerance of difference. Our thesis in this article is thus one of pluralistic conditioning. In general, when individuals are exposed to diversity under positive or neutral conditions, they become more tolerant of diversity. However, when individuals are exposed to diversity under aversive conditions, they become less tolerant of difference. This thesis unites findings from multiple disciplines under a single theoretical framework.},
  author = {Dunn, Kris and Singh, S P.},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2012.697056},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-28},
  title = {Pluralistic conditioning: social tolerance and effective democracy},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2012.697056#.VHGmJcnvbR0},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2014
}

@book{wilson1994chant,
  abstract = {Soka Gakkai--a movement of Japanese Buddhism--is one of the world's most rapidly expanding religious movements, especially in the West. The movement sponsors a variety of cultural and educational causes, and is active in promoting world peace and preservation of the environment; as such it has established a high profile in world affairs. Soka Gakkai is also a significant social phenomenon in its own right. This study documents this in its thorough survey of the United Kingdom membership that traces the sources of the movement's appeal to its socially diverse constituency. The combination of a questionnaire survey and personal interviews bring illuminating detail to this sociological analysis. The authors suggest that Soka Gakkai is consistent with modern thought that places a growing emphasis on the essentially private nature of belief and on personal autonomy, and less emphasis on traditional religious institutions. It is for these reasons that Soka Gakkai is a faith in tune with the times and has widening appeal to young people.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Wilson, Bryan and Dobbelaere, Karel},
  isbn = {0198279159, 0198293143},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 267,
  publisher = {Clarendon Press},
  title = {A Time to Chant: the Sōka Gakkai Buddhists in Britain},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1994
}

@article{rukavishnikov1998morals,
  annotation = {in Russisch},
  author = {Rukavishnikov, V. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Ester, P.},
  journal = {Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 6,
  pages = {88-101},
  title = {Morals in a comparative dimension},
  volume = 24,
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{gonthier2014dgalit,
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {135-150},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Plus d'État, plus d'égalité. Évolution des attitudes économiques dans l'Union européenne},
  year = 2014
}

@article{vanmeerbeeck1995importance,
  abstract = {Explores the meaning of church rituals & rites of passage in Flanders, Belgium, drawing on data from the 1990 European Values Survey (N = 929 respondents) & a review of the literature. Focus is on the influence of age & sex on attitudes toward baptism; the religious characteristics of people who view baptism as important to celebrate a birth; & the extent to which that attitude is linked with religiosity & spiritual behavior. It is discovered that a majority of Flemish, regardless of belief system, consider religious ritual important to marking life events. The Catholic church faces little competition for these practices: it represents a centuries-old tradition viewed as appropriately ceremonial & sacred for separating special moments from everyday events, & for intensifying ties with family & past.},
  author = {van Meerbeeck, Anne},
  issn = {377686},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {47-58},
  title = {The Importance of a Religious Service at Birth: The Persistent Demand for Baptism in Flanders},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {/brokenurl#full-text available at http://scp.sagepub.com/cgi/pdf_extract/42/1/47},
  volume = 42,
  year = 1995
}

@article{cohen2013different,
  abstract = {We examined how acceptance of euthanasia among the general public has changed between 1981 and 2008 in western and central and eastern European (CEE) countries using data of the European Values Surveys. Data were collected in 1981, 1990, 1999 and 2008 for 13 western European countries and in 1990, 1999 and 2008 for 10 CEE countries. Euthanasia acceptance increased each decade up until 2008 in 11 of 13 western European countries; in CEE countries, it decreased or did not increase between 1999-2008 in 8 of 10 countries. A number of explanations for and implications of this apparent east-west polarization are suggested.},
  author = {Cohen, Joachim and {Landeghem, van}, Paul and Carpentier, Nico and Deliens, Luc},
  journal = {European Journal of Public Health},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {378-380},
  title = {Different trends in euthanasia acceptance across Europe. A study of 13 western and 10 central and eastern European countries, 1981-2008},
  url = {http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/3/378.short},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2013
}

@inproceedings{young2013turkish,
  abstract = {Throughout the last fifty years, Turkish-EU relations have fluctuated between positive to completely suspended, though one factor has remained consistent: the European Union's hesitation to grant Turkey full membership. While some EU member countries justify barring Turkey from their ranks for a multitude of institutional, economic, and security reasons, similar issues have been overlooked in the past when accepting the membership bids of countries such as Spain, Greece, Romania, and Bulgaria. Why has Turkey in particular faced such sustained opposition from EU citizens? Is this opposition based on misinformed perceptions or an actual 'clash' of cultures between the EU and Turkey? This project comparatively analyzes European public opinion and the 'actual' cultural differences between Turkey and the EU, as measured by data from European Values Surveys, to conclude that EU citizens' skepticism of Turkish accession is perhaps not very misplaced after all.},
  author = {Young, H Q.},
  booktitle = {Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union},
  issn = {2154-5731},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  number = 11,
  pages = {143-161},
  title = {Turkish Accession to the European Union: Shaped by Perception or Reality?},
  url = {http://scholarship.claremont.edu/urceu/vol2013/iss1/11/?utm_source=scholarship.claremont.edu%2Furceu%2Fvol2013%2Fiss1%2F11&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages},
  volume = 2013,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{algan2014trust,
  author = {Algan, Yann and Cahuc, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Economic Growth},
  editor = {Aghion, Philippe and Durlauf, Steven},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {49-120},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  title = {Trust, growth and well-being: new evidence and policy implications},
  year = 2014
}

@book{titarenko2004world,
  address = {Minsk},
  annotation = {The book is written in Russian. No English summary.},
  author = {Titarenko, L G.},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {BGU},
  title = {World of Values of Contemporary Belarussian Society; the Gender Aspect},
  type = {Book},
  year = 2004
}

@article{mierina2014vicious,
  abstract = {The reaction of citizens deeply disappointed with their government and its decisions differs from country to country, and in some cases, such as Latvia during the recent economic crisis, has been surprisingly passive. In this paper I argue that political passivity can be partly explained by psychological mechanisms triggered by constant under-performance and unresponsiveness of political authorities. Using International Social Survey Program 20062007 data, I construct a structural equation model which shows that government's performance can facilitate or hinder the development of civil society through its impact on (1) a sense of political efficacy, (2) political competence, and (3) interpersonal trust. Poor institutional performance and the following loss of trust in political authorities has a negative effect on people's perceptions of politics, of themselves and of each other, discouraging further engagement in all kinds of political activities. Considering the importance of civic participation for the quality of governance this creates a vicious circle which might not be easy to break. Finally, several theoretical perspectives are discussed that help to explain the formation and persistence of the vicious circle.},
  author = {Mierina, Inta},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2012.749414},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {615-637},
  title = {The Vicious Circle: Does disappointment with political authorities contribute to political passivity in Latvia?},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616696.2012.749414#.VHNbI4uG_uI},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2014
}

@article{stavrova2016cynical,
  abstract = {Based on the existing literature on worldview beliefs, cynical hostility, and Machiavellian cynicism, we suggest that holding cynical beliefs about human nature can be detrimental for individuals’ income. Cynical individuals are more likely to avoid cooperation and trust or to overinvest in monitoring, control, and other means of protection from potential exploitation. As a result, they are more likely to forgo valuable opportunities for cooperation and consequently less likely to reap the benefits of joint efforts and mutual help compared with their less cynical counterparts. Studies 1 and 2, using nationally representative longitudinal surveys of the American population, show that individuals who endorsed cynical beliefs about human nature at baseline earned comparatively lower incomes 9 (Study 1) and 2 (Study 2) years later. In Study 3, applying a multilevel model of change to a nationally representative panel study of the German population, we show that cynical beliefs at baseline undermined an income increase in the course of the following 9 years. In Study 4, the negative effect of cynical beliefs on income proved to be independent of individual differences in the Big Five personality dimensions. Study 5 provided the first tentative evidence of the hypothesized mechanism underlying this effect. Using survey data from 41 countries, it revealed that the negative effect of cynical beliefs on income is alleviated in sociocultural contexts with low levels of prosocial behavior, high homicide rates and high overall societal cynicism levels. Holding cynical beliefs about others has negative economic outcomes unless such beliefs hold true. },
  author = {Stavrova, Olga and Ehlebracht, Daniel},
  doi = {10.1037/pspp0000050},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {116-132},
  title = {Cynical beliefs about human nature and income: Longitudinal and cross-cultural analyses},
  url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/110/1/116/},
  volume = 110,
  year = 2016
}

@article{zrinscak2000vjerovanje,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Zrinščak, Siniša and Črpić, Gordan and Kuar, Stjepan},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {233-255},
  title = {Vjerovanje i religioznost (Belief and Religiosity)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49398},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@article{mikucka2014individualistic,
  abstract = {The paper tests whether the well-being cost of own unemployment is higher in individualistic countries and among persons with more individualistic orientations. I consider two dimensions of individualism: family support and self-reliance. I adopt a multilevel regression methodology on data of the European Values Study (2008) for 42 European countries. The results confirm that in Europe individualism correlates with higher well-being cost of own unemployment. Specifically, the relationship between unemployment and well-being is moderated by the family support norm. Its effect size is substantial, similar to the effect of country unemployment rate. This paper is the first one to establish in a comparative context that the well-being cost of own unemployment is higher in individualistic countries. It is also the first one to investigate the mechanisms behind this regularity. In contrast to the theoretical predictions, the importance of personal orientations is much weaker than the one of normative factors. Consistently with previous literature, the results suggest that the support among family members depends more on social norms than on individual values.},
  author = {Mikucka, Małgorzata},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-013-9445-8},
  issn = {1573-7780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {673-691},
  title = {Does Individualistic Culture Lower the Well-Being of the Unemployed? Evidence from Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9445-8},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{mair2013european,
  abstract = {Previous sociological and gerontological research documents the benefits of social ties for older adults. By integrating literature on linked lives, activity theory, and social networks, I suggest the concept of a social activity network (SAN), which is a broad network composed of activity-related ties and family network ties. Studies of older adults social activity networks cross-nationally reveal regional and national differences. Scholars suggest that variation in older adults ties may reflect cultural, economic, and policy differences between nations. Few studies, however, specifically examine the potential contextualizing role of national culture and economy/policy using empirical cross-national measures. In this chapter, I combine data from six sources including the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), World Values Survey (WVS), European Values Study (EVS), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), World Bank (WB), and United Nations (UN). Utilizing this unique combination of data, I empirically document cross-national patterns in European older adults social activity networks and discuss broadly the potential of such publicly available national measures for the study of European older adults social lives in multiple contexts.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Mair, C A.},
  booktitle = {Aging in European Societies: Healthy Aging in Europe},
  editor = {Phellas, Constantinos},
  isbn = {978-1-4419-8345-9},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {61-81},
  publisher = {Springer US},
  series = {International Perspectives on Aging},
  title = {European Older Adults Social Activity Networks in National Context: A Cross-National Exploration of National Cultural, Policy, and Economic Characteristics},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-8345-9_5},
  year = 2013
}

@article{weeden2013predicts,
  abstract = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513813000901},
  author = {Weeden, Jason and Kurzban, Robert},
  journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {440-445},
  title = {What predicts religiosity? A multinational analysis of reproductive and cooperative morals},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513813000901},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2013
}

@book{gubert2000italiana,
  abstract = {La vecchia contrapposizione fra tradizione e modernità non dà più conto dell'orizzonte dei valori che sta maturando nella società italiana. Modernità, post-modernità e tradizione si intrecciano, così come individualismo, interessi di gruppo e solidarietà, laicità e religiosità, spirito nazionale, europeismo e nuovo desiderio di autonomia locale. Se dal 1981 al 1999 gli orientamenti di valore sono andati sempre più ricomponendosi attorno ad alcune istituzioni tradizionali, non mancano tendenze contrarie e declini inattesi. Si afferma un individualismo inedito che intreccia la propria vocazione a disfarsi di ogni autorità normativa con l'impegno nell'associazionismo e, spesso, con la solidarietà.Anche le consuete contrapposizioni territoriali hanno perso la loro potenzialità esplicativa e i valori mutano d'accento e si rappresentano in modo poco dipendente dalle ripartizioni tradizionali siano queste di tipo spaziale (Nord e Sud, città e campagna), temporale (giovani e anziani) o socio-economico.All'interno dell'Europa, si delinea così una via italiana alla crisi della modernità. I valori si ricompongono secondo relazioni inedite, segnando la fine dei luoghi comuni che tracciavano collegamenti certi e divaricazioni definitive. I risultati dell'indagine nazionale sui valori, condotta nel 1999 nell'ambito dello European Values Study ed il loro confronto con i dati del 1981 e del 1990, permettono, in questo lavoro, di prendere atto delle trasformazioni che sono destinate a cambiare il volto del Paese.},
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Gubert, Renzo},
  editor = {Gubert, Renzo},
  isbn = {8846421663, 9788846421661},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 560,
  publisher = {FrancoAngeli},
  title = {La via italiana alla postmodernità; Verso una nuova architettura dei valori},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 2000
}

@article{ljunge2014social,
  abstract = {Abstract This paper presents evidence that generalized trust promotes health. Children of immigrants in a broad set of European countries with ancestry from across the world are studied. Individuals are examined within country of residence using variation in trust across countries of ancestry. The approach addresses reverse causality and concerns that the trust measure picks up institutional factors in the individual's contextual setting. There is a significant positive estimate of ancestral trust in explaining self-assessed health. The finding is robust to accounting for individual, parental, and extensive ancestral country characteristics. Individuals with higher ancestral trust are also less likely to be hampered by health problems in their daily life, providing evidence of trust influencing real life outcomes. Individuals with high trust feel and act healthier, enabling a more productive life. },
  author = {Ljunge, Martin},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ehb.2014.09.001},
  issn = {1570-677X},
  journal = {Economics & Human Biology },
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {165 - 186},
  title = {Social capital and health: Evidence that ancestral trust promotes health among children of immigrants},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X14000720},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{halman1995comparazione,
  address = {Trento},
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {I valori degli Europei negli anni Novanta},
  editor = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {61-98},
  publisher = {Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige},
  title = {La Comparazione dei Valori Nell' European Value Study. La Misurazione dei Valori e il Problema della Comparabilit.'},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{busemeyer2014varieties,
  abstract = {The positive association between education and voting participation is well-documented in the literature. What has not been studied so far is the variation of the micro-level effect of education across countries and whether the institutional set-up of the political economy might contribute to explaining this variation. The core claim of this chapter is that the degree of economic coordination influences the impact of education on participation on the micro level – on top of a host of alternative explanations. Relative to those with basic training, individuals with a vocational education are more likely to participate in elections in coordinated market economies compared to liberal market economies. We offer two explanations for this robust effect, centering on the impact of social networks and psychological effects. The empirical basis for this article is a multi-level analysis of survey data from the European Values Survey (2008).},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Busemeyer, Marius and Goerres, Achim},
  booktitle = {How welfare states shape the democratic public},
  editor = {Kumlin, S and Stadelmann-Steffen, I.},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {63-89},
  publisher = {Elgar},
  title = {Varieties of capitalism, education and inequalities in political participation},
  year = 2014
}

@article{chuang2013social,
  abstract = {Introduction: The concept of social cohesion has invoked debate due to the vagueness of its definition and the limitations of current measurements. This paper attempts to examine the concept of social cohesion, develop measurements, and investigate the relationship between social cohesion and individual health.Methods: This study used a multilevel study design. The individual-level samples from 29 high-income countries were obtained from the 2000 World Value Survey (WVS) and the 2002 European Value Survey. National-level social cohesion statistics were obtained from Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development datasets, WorldDevelopment Indicators, and Asian Development Bank key indicators for the year 2000, and from aggregating responses from the WVS. In total 47,923 individuals were included in this study. The factor analysis was applied to identify dimensions of social cohesion, which were used as entities in the cluster analysis to generate a regime typology of social cohesion. Then, multilevel regression models were applied to assess the influences of social cohesion on an individuals self-rated health. Results and discussion: Factor analysis identified five dimensions of social cohesion: social equality, social inclusion, social development, social capital, and social diversity. Then, the cluster analysis revealed five regimes of social cohesion. A multi-level analysis showed that respondents in countries with higher social inclusion, social capital, and social diversity were more likely to report good health above and beyond individual-level characteristics.Conclusions: This study is an innovative effort to incorporate different aspects of social cohesion. This study suggeststhat social cohesion was associated with individual self-rated after controlling individual characteristics. To achieve further advancement in population health, developed countries should consider policies that would foster a society with a high level of social inclusion, social capital, and social diversity. Future research could focus on identifying possible pathways by which social cohesion influences various health outcomes.},
  author = {Chuang, Ying-Chih and Chuang, Kun-Yang and Yang, Tzu-Hsuan},
  journal = {International journal for equity in health},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {87-76},
  title = {Social cohesion matters in health},
  url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1475-9276-12-87.pdf},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2013
}

@article{valentova2013differences,
  abstract = {This article uses European Values Study (EVS) data from 1999 and 2008 to examine the evolution of gender role attitudes in Luxembourg. The article focuses on three aspects of attitudinal change. First, it analyses whether the gender role beliefs have changed during the past decade. Second, it examines whether these changes have been equally experienced by men and by women of different age categories. Third, it analyses whether the gender gap in attitudes towards gender roles diminishes over time. The outcomes of the analysis reveal that during the past 10 years Luxembourgs residents have become significantly less traditional when it comes to attitudes towards the childcare and economic aspects of gender roles. Young women are the strongest supporters of more egalitarian division of labour between the sexes, while young men lag behind their female counterparts. This gender gap appears to persist especially in the case of attitudes towards women doing homemaking.},
  author = {Valentova, Marie},
  journal = {Work, employment and society},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {639-657},
  title = {Age and sex differences in gender role attitudes in Luxembourg between 1999 and 2008},
  url = {http://wes.sagepub.com/content/27/4/639.short},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2013
}

@inproceedings{pitlik2013social,
  abstract = {We address empirically trust as a determinant of support for government intervention. The central notion provided in the present paper is that the influence of generalized social trust on intervention attitudes is conditional on the perceived reliability, honesty, and incorruptibility of state actors and of major companies. Starting point is an idea by Aghion, Algan, Cahuc, and Shleifer (2010) that individuals who generally distrust others have a stronger taste for a regulation of economic activities, while people with high interpersonal trust are in favor of less strict regulations and state control. This line of argumentation neglects that (lack of) trust also spills over to (lack of) trust in governmental as well as in private institutions. People who tend to (dis-)trust other unknown people also tend to distrust states actors and companies. Estimating the determinants of interventionist preferences with data from the World Values Survey/European Values Study for approximately 100,000 -115,000 individuals in 37 OECD- and EU-countries, we show that the impact of social trust on government intervention attitudes is conditional on individual confidence in state actors and in companies. JEL codes: D74, D78, P35},
  author = {Pitlik, Hans and Kouba, Ludek},
  booktitle = {6th Australasian Public Choice Society Conference},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  title = {Does social distrust always lead to a stronger support for government intervention?},
  url = {https://www.uni-kassel.de/fb07/fileadmin/datas/fb07/5-Institute/IVWL/Buenstorf/131113_kouba-pitlik-trust-regulation-2013-09-11.pdf},
  year = 2013
}

@article{fahey2004subjective,
  abstract = {Indicators of subjective well-being have gained only limited acceptance as tools for the social-scientific analysis of human welfare, mainly because they seem insensitive to variations in the socio-economic context. However, this apparent insensitivity has been established by research which has been limited in various ways. Using data on life satisfaction for 33 European societies which goes some way to transcending these limits, this paper identifies linkages between subjective well-being and socio-economic conditions which are both strong and suggestive of important insights about national and cross-national relativities in human welfare. Populations in the rich parts of Europe have high and relatively equal life satisfaction, while those in the poorer parts of Europe have low and unequal life satisfaction. Social inequalities within rich European societies seem to have little effect on life satisfaction but they have significant effects within poor European societies. Inequalities between European societies also have strong effects. These findings suggest that analysis of inequalities and relativities in welfare in purely national terms is insufficient. Greater weight needs to be given to cross-national relativities, since these are much more consistent with what otherwise seem to be puzzling variations in subjective well-being across and within countries.},
  author = {Fahey, T. and Smyth, E.},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {5-27},
  title = {Do subjective indicators measure welfare?},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2004
}

@book{ott2003croatian,
  address = {Zagreb},
  editor = {Ott, Katarina},
  isbn = {9536047306, 9789536047307},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 339,
  publisher = {Institute of Public Finance},
  title = {Croatian Accession to the European Union: Institutional Challenges},
  type = {Edited Book},
  url = {http://www.ijf.hr/eng/EU2/index.htm},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2003
}

@article{inglehart1994economic,
  abstract = {Confirming Inglehart's prediction (1971) of an intergenerational shift toward postmaterialist values, a time series analysis controlling for the joint effects of inflation and unempolyment demonstrates that there is a statistically-significant trend toward postmaterialism in all eight West European countries for which data are available over the past two decades. Evidence from the 1981-83 and 1990-91 World Values Surveys indicates that this value shift occurs in any society that has experienced sufficient economic growth in recent decades so that the preadult experiences of younger birth cohorts were significantly more secure than those of older cohorts. Large intergenerational differences tend to be found in societies that have experienced rapid growth in gross national product per capita, and are negligible in societies that have had little or no growth. Accordingly, postmaterialism increased in 18 of the 20 societies on five continents for which we have comparable data over the past decade.},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald and Abramson, P R.},
  journal = {American Political Science Review},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {336-353},
  title = {Economic Security and Value Change, 1970-1993},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 88,
  year = 1994
}

@article{georgellis2012traditional,
  abstract = {Using data from the European Values Survey (EVS), we examine the relationship between job and life satisfaction across Europe. We find that for the majority of employees job and life satisfaction are positively correlated, thus supporting the spillover hypothesis, whereby attitudes and practices developed in the life domain spill over into the work domain and vice versa. In contrast, we find little support for the compensation hypothesis, whereby employees who are dissatisfied in one domain seek compensatory rewards in the other domain. However, multivariate analysis reveals that the strength of the interaction between job and life satisfaction is mitigated by cultural values and interpersonal trust, as encapsulated in the traditional versus secular values index reported in the EVS data. We thus find that predictors of the joblife satisfaction relationship vary across cultures and that such cross-cultural variations are systematically related to salient cultural values and beliefs. The latter findings raise important questions about the universal application of existing theories in the subjective well-being arena.},
  author = {Georgellis, Yannis and Lange, Thomas},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00753.x},
  journal = {British Journal of Management},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {237-454},
  title = {Traditional versus Secular Values and the Job-Life Satisfaction Relationship Across Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00753.x},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2012
}

@article{eichhorn2014effect,
  abstract = {A negative effect of unemployment on subjective well-being has been demonstrated in many studies casting substantial doubt about assumptions of decisions of individuals to choose unemployment voluntarily as the utility-maximising option. These studies have been extended to take into account national-level context factors which have been shown to moderate the relationship between unemployment and life-satisfaction. So far most studies focussed mainly on economic indicators, although demographic and cultural differences between countries also affect how unemployment is perceived. An important variable that is not included in the majority of proper multilevel studies is the extent of unemployment benefits. Traditional micro-economic approaches argue that more extensive provisions should reduce the cost of unemployment and therefore reduce the motivation to regain employment---reflected in a reduction of the negative impact of unemployment. This study investigates this claim by using European Values Study data from all European Union countries and Norway as well as harmonised macroeconomic statistics from Eurostat. It finds that the effect of unemployment on life-satisfaction is indeed moderated by economic and demographic national-level factors, but not by unemployment benefits. To what extent unemployment reduces life-satisfaction varies greatly between countries, but appears to not be influenced by the extent of state unemployment provisions.},
  author = {Eichhorn, Jan},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-013-0474-9},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {389-404},
  title = {The (Non-) Effect of Unemployment Benefits: Variations in the Effect of Unemployment on Life-Satisfaction Between EU Countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0474-9},
  volume = 119,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{rosta2012religiosity,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Rosta, Gergely},
  booktitle = {Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and Religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989-2010},
  editor = {Pickel, Gert and Sammet, Kornelia},
  isbn = {978-3-531-17540-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {95-110},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Religiosity and Political Values in Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/164/bok%253A978-3-531-93326-9.pdf?auth66=1397129223_abb71ec3a48af907275412d6116f4a8f&ext=.pdf},
  year = 2012
}

@article{haraldsson2006popular,
  abstract = {The European Values Survey explores national differences and similarities, also regarding religious beliefs which express popular assumptions regarding the nature of man and the ontological status of consciousness. These views differ radically from the dominant scientific view, also in academic psychology. The Nordic countries vary considerably in their beliefs in life after death and reincarnation with half of the respondents believing in life after death, and 43 percent of these believing in reincarnation which also goes against established views of the Christian Church. This shows independence from scientific as well as religious authorities. Is it a remnant of pre-Christian beliefs, due to exposure to Buddhist and Hindu concepts, or a sign of original independent thinking? Half a century of anti-religious regimes in Eastern Europe seems to have had no major effect on beliefs about personal survival, and the European Values Survey shows a widespread belief in reincarnation.},
  author = {Haraldsson, Erlendur},
  journal = {Nordic Psychology},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {171-180},
  title = {Popular psychology, belief in life after death and reincarnation in the Nordic countries, Western and Eastern Europe},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www3.hi.is/~erlendur/english/Nordic_Psychology_erlhar06.pdf},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2006
}

@book{ramet2013civic,
  author = {Ramet, S P. and Listhaug, Ola and Simkus, Albert},
  doi = {10.1057/9781137302823},
  isbn = {781137033338},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 368,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  title = {Civic and Uncivic Values in Macedonia: Value Transformation, Education and Media},
  url = {http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137302823},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{brechon2001moins,
  address = {France: l'Harmattan},
  annotation = {Collection Débats Jeunesses},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Les valeurs des jeunes, tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  editor = {Galland, Oliver and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {2747517985},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  publisher = {Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, INJEP},
  title = {Moins politisés, mais plus protestataires},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2001
}

@article{astor2013couple,
  author = {Astor, Sandrine and Dompnier, Nathalie},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 395,
  pages = {11-24},
  title = {Le couple et le mariage vus par les Europeens},
  year = 2013
}

@book{koralewicz1999european,
  address = {Warsaw},
  author = {Koralewicz, Jadwiga},
  editor = {Koralewicz, Jadwiga},
  isbn = {8386759720, 9788386759729},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 191,
  publisher = {Institute of political studies, Polish academy of sciences and Collegium Civitas Press},
  title = {The European Value System},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1999
}

@book{pickel2011religion,
  abstract = {Einleitung; - Gert Pickel und Kornelia Sammet: Einleitung: Religion und Religiosität zwanzig Jahre nach dem Umbruch in Deutschland 11; I. Leitlinien und Grundfragen zur Entwicklung des Religiösen in Deutschland; - Volkhard Krech und Markus Hero: Die Pluralisierung des religiösen Feldes in Deutschland. Empirische Befunde und systematische Überlegungen 27; - Gert Pickel: Atheistischer Osten und gläubiger Westen? Pfade der Konfessionslosigkeit im innerdeutschen Vergleich 43; - Eberhart Tiefensee: Religiöse Indifferenz als interdisziplinäre Herausforderung 79; - Peter Höhmann: Veränderungen kirchlicher Zugehörigkeit und Bindung. Eine Fallstudie aus der Region Darmstadt 103; II. Die Sondersituation in Ostdeutschland; - Detlef Pollack und Olaf Müller: Die religiöse Entwicklungen in Ostdeutschland nach 1989 125; - Monika Wohlrab-Sahr: Forcierte Säkularität oder Logiken der Aneignung repressiver Säkularisierung 145; - Gert Pickel: Ostdeutschland im europäischen Vergleich. Immer noch ein Sonderfall oder ein Sonderweg? 165; - Maria Widl: Die katholische Kirche in Mittel- und Ostdeutschland; Situation und pastorale Herausforderungen angesichts der Säkularität 191; - Uta Karstein: Konflikt um die symbolische Ordnung. Überlegungen zum religiös-weltanschaulichen Feld der DDR und zur Frage einer typisch" katholischen Position 205; III. Religiosität und soziale Lagen; - Anja Gladkich: Religiöse Vitalität und Religionslosigkeit bei jungen Erwachsenen in Ost-und Westdeutschland nach der Wende 225; - Kornelia Sammet: Religion und Religionskritik in Weltsichten von; Arbeitslosengeld-II-Empfängern in Ostdeutschland 245; - Marliese Weißmann, Daniel Bergelt und Timmo Krüger: Arbeit als Sinnstiftung in prekären Lebenslagen in Ostdeutschland 263; - Irene Becci: Religion im Aufbau der Haftentlassenenhilfe in Ostdeutschland 279; IV. Religion und Politik; - Lèvent Tezcan: Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zur Gegenwartsgeschichte des Verhältnisses zwischen Christentum und Islam in Deutschland 293; - Jürgen Leibold und Andrea Kummerer: Religiosität und Vorurteile gegenüber Muslimen in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Zwischen Dialogbereitschaft und Bedrohungsphantasien 311; - Alexander Leistner:Kirche muss Probiergemeinschaft sein". Typen des Verhältnisses von Religion und Politik in den Biographien von Friedensaktivisten 325; - Thomas Schmidt-Lux:Kirchenkampf und Aulastreit. Die Debatten um den Wiederaufbau der Leipziger Universitätskirche 343},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  editor = {Pickel, Gert and Sammet, Kornelia},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2150 ; ZA4570 ; ZA4600 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3000 ; ZA3190 ; ZA4950 ; ZA5189 ; ZA4513 ; ZA2620 ; ZA2321 ; ZA3950},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {German},
  pages = 358,
  publisher = {VS Verl. für Sozialwiss.},
  series = {Veröffentlichungen der Sektion Religionssoziologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie },
  study-id = {ALLBUSkum1980-2008 ; ALLBUS1998 ; ALLBUS2008 ; Darmstadt-Studie ; EVS1990 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2008 ; DJI-Jugendsurvey 1992 ; DJI-Jugendsurvey 1997 ; DJI-Jugendsurvey 2003 ; Jugend 2006 ; CEEB 1992 ; CCEB 2003 ; ESS 2003},
  title = {Religion und Religiosität im vereinigten Deutschland : zwanzig Jahre nach dem Umbruch},
  year = 2011
}

@article{valionis2000socialiniu,
  annotation = {Summary in English, p. 527.},
  author = {Valionis, A.},
  journal = {Kulturologija},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {324-349},
  title = {Socialiniu ir politiniu vertybiu kaita Lietuvoje 1990-1999 metais: adaptavimasis fragmentiskoje tikroveje (Social-Political Value Change in Lithuania in 1990-1999: Adaptation in a Fragmented Reality)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2000
}

@incollection{jo2013social,
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Jo, N K.},
  booktitle = {Social Policy Review 25, Analysis and debate in social policy},
  editor = {Ramia, Gaby and Farnsworth, Kevin and Irving, Zoë},
  isbn = {9781447312741},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 25,
  pages = {167-181},
  publisher = {Policy Press},
  series = {Social Policy Review},
  title = {Social policy and culture: the cases of Japan and South Korea},
  url = {http://www.policypress.co.uk/display.asp?K=9781447312741&sf1=series_exact&st1=SOCIALPOLICYREVIEW&sort=sort_date/d&ds=Social%20Policy%20Review&m=2&dc=15},
  year = 2013
}

@book{eder2014political,
  abstract = {That the publics of Western democracies are becoming increasingly disenchanted with their political institutions is part of the conventional wisdom in Political Science. This trend is often equated with the expectation that all forms of political attachment and participation show similar patterns of decline. Based on empirical underpinnings derived from a range of original and sophisticated comparative analyses from Europe and beyond, this collection shows that no such universal pattern of decline exists. Nor should it be expected, given the diversity of reasons that citizens have to place or withdraw trust, and to engage in conventional political participation or in protest.},
  editor = {Eder, Christina and Mochmann, Ingvill C. and Quandt, Markus},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro book english},
  month = {December},
  pages = 224,
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {Political trust and disenchantment with politics: international perspectives},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{halman1999contemporary,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Riis, O.},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society: The European's religion at the end of the 20th century},
  editor = {Halman, L. and Riis, O.},
  isbn = {9036197406},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-18},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European values studies},
  title = {Contemporary European Discourse on Religion and Morality},
  year = 1999
}

@incollection{zrinscak2003religiosity,
  address = {Turin},
  author = {Zrinščak, Siniša and Črpić, Gordan},
  booktitle = {Religion and Generations. Handbook of the XXVII Conference},
  editor = {Garelli, Franco},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {80-80},
  publisher = {International Society for the Sociology of Religion},
  title = {Religiosity of Croatian Youth: Just Another Exceptional Case?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2003
}

@article{sarracino2016social,
  abstract = {As social capital affects many social and economic outcomes, it is important to monitor its changes over time. This study uses WVS-EVS integrated data (1990--2012) to describe the trends of 8 proxies of social capital in 30 Western and Eastern European countries. We found positive trends of trust in others, confidence in public services, and in armed forces; negative trends of participation in groups and associations, and of confidence in political institutions; mixed trends of civic cooperation, and of confidence in religious and empowering institutions. We also found evidence that over time the differences in social capital among European countries predominantly increased (sigma-convergence). These differences are not explained by differences in the initial stocks of social capital (beta-convergence).},
  author = {Sarracino, Francesco and Mikucka, Małgorzata},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-016-1255-z},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {1-26},
  title = {Social Capital in Europe from 1990 to 2012: Trends and Convergence},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1255-z},
  year = 2016
}

@article{bilgin2014determinants,
  abstract = {Tax morale is defined as the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes, and is closely related to tax compliance. Determinants of tax morale need to be investigated for a more comprehensive understanding of tax compliance. In this paper, determinants of tax morale in Turkey and Spain are analysed on the basis of World Values Survey data. Firstly, descriptive statistics of the variables used in the models are provided. Since tax morale is an ordered categorical dependent variable, ordered probit models are estimated separately for Turkey and Spain to derive the relations between tax morale and relevant variables. Marginal effects are computed since the coefficients of the models cannot be interpreted because of the nonlinearity of the estimated models. The marginal effects related to the top level of tax morale category are presented. The independent variables are combined by demographic factors, employment categories, economic status of the respondents and social capital variables. The findings from the estimated model suggest that social capital variables and some of the demographic factors have important effects on tax morale in Turkey. Confidence variables have positive effects; if taxpayers feel confidence in political entities they are willing to pay taxes. Religion and national pride affect tax morale positively. On the other hand, the results are different for Spain; social capital variables do not have effects on tax morale. Specifically, confidence variables are found to be statistically insignificant. Age, education level and the income level have significant effects on tax morale in Spain.},
  author = {Bilgin, Cevat},
  doi = {10.17979/ejge.2014.3.1.4297},
  journal = {European Journal of Government and Economics},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {60-74},
  title = {Determinants of tax morale in Spain and Turkey: an empirical analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2014.3.1.4297 },
  volume = 3,
  year = 2014
}

@book{kaase1995beliefs,
  address = {Oxford u.a.},
  author = {Kaase, Max and Newton, Kenneth},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1490 ; ZA1950 ; ZA0765 ; ZA4438 ; ZA0628 ; ZA0990},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {English},
  pages = 217,
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  series = {Beliefs in Government, Vol. 5},
  study = {EB35},
  study-id = {ISSP1985 ; ISSP1990 ; Political Action I (An Eight Nation Study) ; EVS1981 ; ECS 1973 ; EB6},
  title = {Beliefs in government},
  year = 1995
}

@article{moor2016temporary,
  abstract = {In this article, we examine the temporary and long-term consequences of the death of a parent or child on happiness. According to set-point theory external conditions are expected to only have a short-term or limited influence on happiness. This directly contradicts the basic assumption of affective theories on happiness, which states that major life-events have a lasting influence on well-being. Moreover, we test whether the association between bereavement and happiness is equally strong across the life course. To test our hypotheses we make use of the fourth wave of the European Values Study. Our research findings demonstrate that people who lost their father, mother or child are more likely to feel unhappy than people without this experience. Ten years after the death of a parent or child we still find a significant difference in happiness between people who have and have not experienced this loss. The assumption of set-point theory, that major life evens only have a temporary impact on SWB, is not supported by our data. Moreover, the association between bereavement and SWB strongly differs across the life-course. We might even conclude that the age at which the loss occurred is more decisive for the strength of the association between bereavement and SWB than the duration of the loss.},
  author = {Moor, Nienke and de Graaf, Paul M.},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-015-9624-x},
  issn = {1573-7780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {913-936},
  title = {Temporary and Long-Term Consequences of Bereavement on Happiness},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9624-x},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2016
}

@article{marchenko2016civic,
  abstract = {This article analyses civic activities in East European countries using data from the European Values Study (2008–2010), which reveals the linkage between civic activities and democratic political culture at the country level. The analysis looks at the elements of democratic political culture which could promote or prevent the rise of civic engagement in Eastern Europe, namely trust towards political institutions, interest in politics, and satisfaction with democracy. Whilst it is too early to apply the concept of “critical citizen” to a civic activist in the area – it is suggested that the concept “dispassionate, but interested” be used. },
  author = {Marchenko, Alla},
  doi = {10.1080/21599165.2015.1130698},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2015.1130698},
  journal = {East European Politics},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {12-27},
  title = {Civic activities in Eastern Europe: links with democratic political culture},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2015.1130698},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{brechon2008french,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {219-245},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {French Values: Between Southern and Northern Europe},
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{norregardnielsen2002stiller,
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Nørregård-Nielsen, Esther and Østergaard, Jeanette},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Unge stiller større krav til deres fremtidige arbejde},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2002
}

@book{inglehartronald2003rising,
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {{Inglehart, Ronald} and {Norris, Pippa}},
  isbn = {978-0521529501, 0521529506},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 240,
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  title = {Rising tide: gender equality and cultural change around the world},
  year = 2003
}

@article{voicu2015migrating,
  abstract = {This paper considers the case of the international migrants’ confidence in political institutions, from a social embeddedness perspective on political trust. We use country-level aggregates of confidence in institutions as indicators of specific cultures of trust, and by employing data from the European Values Study, we test two competing hypotheses. First, as confidence in institutions depends on the values formed during early childhood, the international migrant’s confidence in political institutions in the current country of residency will be influenced by the confidence context from the country of origin. Second, the host country may have different norms of trust in political institutions, and a process of re-socialization may occur. Therefore, the immigrants’ confidence in institutions is influenced by two confidence contexts: one from the origin country and one from the host country. The time spent in the two cultures, along with other characteristics from these contexts, shape the interaction effects we tested in multilevel cross-classified models.},
  address = {Cambridge, UK},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan and Tufiş, Claudiu D.},
  day = 11,
  doi = {10.1017/S1755773915000417},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  month = {12},
  pages = {1-23},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  title = {Migrating trust: contextual determinants of international migrants’ confidence in political institutions},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/migrating-trust-contextual-determinants-of-international-migrants-confidence-in-political-institutions/FD6505C31C3D0C134837B98B5AAC619F},
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{harding1985values,
  address = {London},
  author = {Harding, Stephen},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {0333386760, 0333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {227-252},
  publisher = {MacMillan},
  series = {Studies in the Contemporary Values of Modern Society},
  title = {Values and the Nature of Psychological Well-Being},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@incollection{nikodem2005family,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav and Aračić, Pero},
  booktitle = {In Search of Identity. A Comparative Analysis of Values: Croatia and Europe},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip},
  isbn = {9532122567},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {145-178},
  publisher = {Golden Marketing - Tehnicka knjiga},
  title = {The Family in Transformation},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2005
}

@article{borgulya2013changes,
  abstract = {The past decade has seen significant political, economic and social changes in several Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The reasons for the most important transformation processes were the EU membership and the global recession of the late 2000's. Our study focuses on the effects of these circumstances on people's work-related values and attitudes. This longitudinal comparative analysis is based on the results of the European Values Study of 1999/2000 and 2008/2009. Our aim is to detect the priorities that determine employees' attitudes to work in ten CEE countries of the EU. Slovenia and Hungary will be paid special attention since these two countries seem not to be followingthe main direction of changes found in the CEE region.},
  author = {Borgulya, Agnes and Hahn, Judit},
  issn = {2167-9053},
  journal = {Journal of Arts and Humanities},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {24-36},
  title = {Changes in the importance of work-related values in Central and Eastern Europe: Slovenia and Hungary against the trend?},
  url = {http://theartsjournal.org/index.php/site/article/view/153},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2013
}

@book{orizo1996sistemas,
  abstract = {Este libro analiza la dinámica intergeneracional en los sistemas de valores de los españoles, la dialéctica de jóvenes y adultos en sus enrolamientos, lo que ha constituido el objeto de un estudio realizado por el Instituto DATA en 1994 por encargo del CIS. El análisis se basa en los resultados de dos encuestas, una a una muestra de jóvenes y otra a una de adultos, con un total de más de 6000 casos, a las que se suman otras de años anteriores de DATA y CIS. Con todas ellas se han confeccionado series temporales -reseñadas en tablas y gráficos- que abarcan desde el año 81, fecha de la primera Encuesta Europea de Valores, hasta el año 94.El estudio entronca con una doble tradición de la investigación social española: la de las encuestas de valores, las promovidas por el EVSSG (European Value System Study Group) en 1981 y 1990, por un lado; y la de las encuestas de juventud, particularmente las patrocinadas en la última década por la Fundación Santa María, por el otro. Su argumento central es el del seguimiento de la evolución de una variedad de indicadores actitudinales y de valores, lo que ha permitido identificar y evaluar los cambios sucedidos desde principios de los ochenta a la mitad de los noventa en las distintas cohortes y entre los diferentes grupos de edad, concretamente las nuevas prioridades de la población joven de hoy.Juventud que, al acomodarse a una situación de crisis y de incertidumbre, ha registrado un cierto giro hacia valores de corte tradicional: desde los de tipo igualitario -tan enraizados en nuestra tradición izquierdista de igualdad social- a los de religiosidad y creencias, último corolario del proceso de individualización tal como se está produciendo en esta mitad de los noventa.Y a la vez que incrementa los índices de solidaridad familiar lo hace también con los de solidaridad social y con la aceptación de modelos de intervención. Todo ello en un contexto de fragmentación y comportamiento normativa, del que son abanderados los jóvenes, que eligen valores a la carta en bastante mayor proporción que los adultos.En el libro se examinan los distintos sistemas de valores, finalizando con una recapitulación de la evolución -más convergente que otra cosa- de los jóvenes y adultos.},
  address = {Madrid},
  annotation = {CIS Monografies no 150 Siglo XXI},
  author = {Orizo, A F.},
  isbn = {8474762308},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 364,
  publisher = {Centro de Investigaciones Sociolócicas},
  title = {Sistemas de Valores en la España de los 90},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1996
}

@incollection{hagenaars2003exploring,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Hagenaars, J.A.P. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Moors, G.B.D.},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity. Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Hagenaars, J.A.P.},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {23-58},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Exploring Europe's basic values map},
  year = 2003
}

@article{bernheim2014questions,
  abstract = {This article analyses domestic and foreign reactions to a 2008 report in the British Medical Journal on the complementary and, as argued, synergistic relationship between palliative care and euthanasia in Belgium. The earliest initiators of palliative care in Belgium in the late 1970s held the view that access to proper palliative care was a precondition for euthanasia to be acceptable and that euthanasia and palliative care could, and should, develop together. Advocates of euthanasia including author Jan Bernheim, independent from but together with British expatriates, were among the founders of what was probably the first palliative care service in Europe outside of the United Kingdom. In what has become known as the Belgian model of integral end-of-life care, euthanasia is an available option, also at the end of a palliative care pathway. This approach became the majority view among the wider Belgian public, palliative care workers, other health professionals, and legislators. The legal regulation of euthanasia in 2002 was preceded and followed by a considerable expansion of palliative care services. It is argued that this synergistic development was made possible by public confidence in the health care system and widespread progressive social attitudes that gave rise to a high level of community support for both palliative care and euthanasia. The Belgian model of so-called integral end-of-life care is continuing to evolve, with constant scrutiny of practice and improvements to procedures. It still exhibits several imperfections, for which some solutions are being developed. This article analyses this model by way of answers to a series of questions posed by Journal of Bioethical Inquiry consulting editor Michael Ashby to the Belgian authors.},
  author = {Bernheim, Jan L. and Distelmans, Wim and Mullie, Arsène and Ashby, Michael A.},
  doi = {10.1007/s11673-014-9554-z},
  journal = {Journal of Bioethical Inquiry},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {507–529},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Questions and answers on the Belgian model of integral end-of-life care : experiment? Prototype?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11673-014-9554-z},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2014
}

@article{zrinka2002roles,
  abstract = {Drawing on data from the European Values Study (EVS) 1999, the author gives a brief overview of religions in post-communist societies & Croatia's place among them. He shows that for some societies religion is still crucial for their overall functioning. In order to understand this role, which is only partially visible on the level of empirical data, & to point out some difficulties in the sociological approach to it, the author discusses two themes: religion & war, & religion & transition. Although the recent war on the territory of the former Yugoslavia was not a religious one, the Churches played a key role both at the symbolic level of maintenance of separate national identities, & on the level of complex social processes. The contradictory & uncertain nature of transition processes additionally complicated the role of religion in society & partly prevented its accommodation to new social circumstances. These elements can all be seen in the different roles that religion has to play, contradictory expectations of the public towards the Church & sharp social conflicts that divide society},
  author = {Zrinka, Sinia},
  issn = {377686},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {509-521},
  title = {Roles, Attentes et Conflicts: La Religion et les Eglises dans les Societes en Transition (Roles, Expectations and Conflicts: Religion and the Churches in Societies in Transition)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2002
}

@article{sinnott2006evaluation,
  author = {Sinnott, Richard},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2880 ; ZA3910},
  issn = {09542892},
  journal = { International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {English},
  number = 2,
  pages = {211-223},
  study = {Eurobarometer ; Wertestudie (EVS, WVS)},
  study-id = {ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003},
  title = {An evaluation of the measurement of national, subnational and supranational identity in crossnational surveys},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{gundelach1996folkelige,
  address = {Lund},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Vardetraditioner I nordiskt perspectiv},
  editor = {Bexell, G. and Stenius, H.},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {95-112},
  publisher = {Lund University Press},
  title = {Folkelige bevaegelser og vor tids veardier},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@article{miller1990political,
  abstract = {Comparable survey data from Norway, Sweden and the United States are used to examine trends in political trust for the period 1964-86. During the early part of that period trust declined in all three countries; later it recovered for Norway but continued to plummet in Sweden and the United States. Three major features of the party system are hypothesized to explain the difference in these trends for the three countries. These features are: the structural aspects of the party system; the public's cognitive judgements of the parties as representatives of the policy interests; and the possibility that a negative rejection of political parties as undesirable institutions may spill over to citizen evaluations of government more generally. One major finding is that political discontent in Norway was reduced because new parties provided the disaffected with a means of representation, thus channelling dissatisfaction back into the electoral arena. In Sweden and the United States, which have more rigid party systems, accumulating dissatisfaction was directed at the regime more generally because many people failed to see any of the parties as a viable alternative.},
  author = {Miller, A H. and Listhaug, Ola},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {1990 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {357-386},
  title = {Political Parties and Confidence in Government: A Comparison of Norway, Sweden and the United States},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {/brokenurl#full-text available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/193915},
  volume = 20,
  year = 1990
}

@article{kocher1985religiositt,
  annotation = {no. 1-2/85},
  author = {Köcher, R.},
  journal = {Religionsunterricht heute, Information des Dezernates Schulen und Hochschulen im Bischöflichen Ordinariat},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  pages = {6-10},
  title = {Religiosität Jugendlicher ohne Kirche? [Religious Youth without Church?]},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1985
}

@incollection{arts2004european,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  booktitle = {European values at the turn of the millenium},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M.},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {25-53},
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {European values changes in the second age of modernity},
  year = 2004
}

@incollection{roux2014expliquer,
  author = {Roux, Guillaume},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {73-88},
  title = {Expliquer la xénophobie: valeurs culturelles, attitudes politiques et perception d'une menace},
  year = 2014
}

@article{lesthaeghe1988cultural,
  author = {Lesthaeghe, R. and Surkyn, J.},
  journal = {Population and Development Review},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-45},
  title = {Cultural Dynamics And Economic-Theories Of Fertility Change},
  volume = 14,
  year = 1988
}

@article{paxton2014volunteering,
  abstract = {Religion and volunteerism are closely linked, but which aspects of religiosity matter most for volunteering? This article predicts volunteering with a multi-dimensional model of private and public religiosity using a sample of 9,464 respondents from 15 Western European countries. An interaction between private and public religiosity is also theorized and tested. Three dimensions of private religiosity (religious salience, prayer, and belief) are significant in predicting volunteering, and each has a significant interaction effect with public religiosity, measured by religious attendance. The influence of public and private religiosity on volunteering, and their interaction, differ by religious affiliation.},
  author = {Paxton, Pamela and Reith, N E. and Glanville, J L.},
  doi = {10.1007/s13644-014-0169-y},
  issn = {2211-4866},
  journal = {Review of Religious Research},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {597-625},
  title = {Volunteering and the Dimensions of Religiosity: A Cross-National Analysis},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13644-014-0169-y},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2014
}

@article{you2005comparative,
  abstract = {This article argues that income inequality increases the level of corruption through material and normative mechanisms. The wealthy have both greater motivation and more opportunity to engage in corruption, whereas the poor are more vulnerable to extortion and less able to monitor and hold the rich and powerful accountable as inequality increases. Inequality also adversely affects social norms about corruption and people's beliefs about the legitimacy of rules and institutions, thereby making it easier for them to tolerate corruption as acceptable behavior. This comparative analysis of 129 countries using two-stage least squares methods with a variety of instrumental variables supports the authors' hypotheses using different measures of corruption (the World Bank's Control of Corruption Index and the Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index). The explanatory power of inequality is at least as important as conventionally accepted causes of corruption such as economic development. The authors also found a significant interaction effect between inequality and democracy, as well as evidence that inequality affects norms and perceptions about corruption using the World Values Surveys data. Because corruption also contributes to income inequality, societies often fall into vicious circles of inequality and corruption.},
  author = {You, J S. and Khagram, S.},
  journal = {American Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {136-157},
  title = {A comparative study of inequality and corruption},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2005
}

@article{grenier2006social,
  abstract = {In his influential 1999 article, 'Social Capital in Britain', Peter Hall offers Britain as a counter-example to Robert Putnam's analysis of declining social capital in the United States. This article draws on subsequent data sets to update Hall's assessment of the levels of social capital in Britain. It offers a generally less optimistic appraisal. European Values Survey data for Britain indicates that the decline in social trust between 1990 and 1995 paralleled US figures, and that levels of social trust appeared to plateau between 1995 and 1999. The article argues that distributional issues are critical to the assessment of social capital in Britain, and that levels of both participation and trust show persistent and even growing splits by social class. It suggests that there are relevant influences which were not fully considered by Hall, such as the changing nature of associational life and the rise in income inequality during the 1980s. In order for Britain to enjoy robust levels of social capital, policies must address these social divisions. Furthermore, previously ignored arenas such as the workplace and opportunities presented by new communication technologies may be particularly fruitful for the future development of social networks and trust in Britain.},
  author = {Grenier, P. and Wright, K.},
  journal = {Policy Studies},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {27-53},
  title = {Social Capital in Britain},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2006
}

@incollection{heunks1996varieties,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Heunks, F.J.},
  booktitle = {Political value change in western democracies},
  editor = {Halman, L. and Nevitte, N.},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {221-234},
  publisher = {tilburg University Press},
  title = {Varieties in political participation},
  year = 1996
}

@article{delhey2014measuring,
  abstract = {This article seeks to conceptually clarify the measurement of Europeanization from a transactional perspective. Following Karl Deutsch, we regard cross-border practices and sense of community as constitutive for an emerging European society. But we critically reassess how this approach has been put into empirical practice by contemporary scholars. Typically, too much attention is paid to absolute Europeanization, and too little to relative Europeanization. In order to properly investigate the European society as situated between the nation-state and the world society, we argue that Europeanization involves both national openness (the salience of Europe compared to the nation-state) and external closure (the salience of Europe compared to the world). Three indices are suggested to capture relative Europeanization and its major components. Recent Eurobarometer and European Values Study data on practices and attitudes of EU citizens is used to illustrate our approach empirically. The results demonstrate that external closure adds a new layer of information for understanding everyday life Europeanization. We also find a bifurcation between practices for which Europe is the more relevant reference frame (as compared to the world) and attitudes for which it is not. },
  author = {Delhey, Jan and Deutschmann, Emanuel and Graf, Timo and Richter, Katharina},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2014.904916},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2014.904916},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {355-377},
  title = {Measuring the Europeanization of Everyday Life: Three New Indices and an Empirical Application},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2014.904916    },
  volume = 16,
  year = 2014
}

@article{dinas2014ageperiodcohort,
  abstract = {Abstract This paper develops a design-based approach to identifying cohort effects in \{APC\} analyses. Cohort effects arise when one cohort is treated by a unique set of formative socialization experiences, which causes it to differ from other cohorts in relevant outcomes. \{APC\} analyses typically compare treated and untreated cohorts from a single population. Our approach introduces a second group—a control group, in which no unit is treated but that is otherwise similar to the first—and adapts difference-in-differences estimation to the \{APC\} framework. The approach yields two identification strategies, each based on transparent and testable assumptions. We illustrate how the method works and what is to be gained through three examples. },
  author = {Dinas, Elias and Stoker, Laura},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2013.06.006},
  issn = {0261-3794},
  journal = {Electoral Studies },
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {28-40},
  title = {Age-Period-Cohort analysis: A design-based approach },
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261379413000863},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2014
}

@article{ziliukaite1998aspects,
  author = {Ziliukaite, Ruta},
  journal = {Spectrum: Studies in the History of Culture},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {144-170},
  title = {Some Aspects of Christian Identity in Contemporary Lithuanian Society},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 4,
  year = 1998
}

@incollection{braun2015evaluating,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Braun, Michael and Behr, Dorothée and Kaczmirek, Lars and Bandilla, Wolfgang},
  booktitle = {Improving survey methods},
  editor = {Engel, Uwe},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3910 ; ZA3950},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {English},
  pages = {184-197},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {ESS ; EVS ; Eurobarometer},
  study-id = {ISSP2003 ; ISSP2004},
  title = {Evaluating cross-national item equivalence with probing questions in web surveys},
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{eder2014citizens,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Eder, Christina and Katsanidou, Alexia},
  booktitle = {Political Trust and Disenchantment with Politics},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004276062_006},
  editor = {Eder, Christina and Mochmann, Ingvill and Quandt, Markus},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {83-108},
  publisher = {Brill Academic Publishers},
  title = {When Citizens Lose Faith: Political Trust and Political Participation},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004276062_006},
  volume = 125,
  year = 2014
}

@article{luchau2007faith,
  abstract = {Many social scientists seem to believe that Catholics attend church more often than Protestants because of differences in theology and not necessarily because Protestants are more secularised. In an attempt to settle this issue, this article uses data from the 1999 European Values Study to determine what factors influence church attendance in a Catholic, Protestant, and mixed European country (Italy, Denmark, and Germany). Using an ordinary least squares multiple regression the article shows that for both Catholics and Protestants it is predominantly the level of Christian faith that determines the rate of church attendance. Hence the differences in church attendance among Catholics and Protestants reflect differences in overall levels of religiosity and are not just artefacts of different views of the importance of going to church. Even Protestants do not live by faith alone.},
  author = {Luchau, P.},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {35-48},
  title = {By Faith Alone? Church Attendance and Christian Faith in three European Countries},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{grauel2013afraid,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Grauel, Jonas and Heine, Jana and Lahusen, Christian},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {19-43},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Who is afraid of the (Big Bad) European Union? European integrationand fears about job losses},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@phdthesis{garciaalbacete2014young,
  abstract = {Are young people today politically 'apathetic'? Or are they democratically 'mature' citizens? This book examines several types of involvement to reveal changes in young people's political participation in Europe in recent decades. It uses various concepts of 'age' to compare participation across countries and over time.},
  address = {Basingstoke},
  author = {Garcia Albacete, Gema},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10074 ; 10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.10078},
  doi = {10.1057/9781137341310},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3521 ; ZA4804 ; ZA3950},
  isbn = {978-1-137-34130-3},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {English},
  pages = 357,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  school = {Zugl.: Mannheim, Univ.,  Diss.},
  study = {ESS 2002-2008 ; Eurobarometer 1974-2002},
  study-id = {Mannheim Eurobarometer Trend File 1970-2002 ; EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP2004},
  title = {Young people`s political participation in Western Europe: continuity or generational change?},
  type = {phdthesis},
  year = 2014
}

@article{klein2013social,
  abstract = {The theoretical analysis of the concepts of social capital and of social cohesion shows that social capital should be considered as a micro concept whereas social cohesion, being a broader concept than social capital, is a more appropriate concept for macro analysis. Therefore, we suggest that data on the individual level should only be used to analyze the relationship between social capital, social cohesion indicators and subjective well-being and that they do not allow commenting on the level of social cohesion in a society. For this last type of analyses aggregated indicators of social cohesion have to be computed which is not the issue of this paper. Our empirical analysis is based on individual data for Luxembourg in 2008. In general, our results suggest that investments in social capital generate monetary returns (increased income) and psychic returns (increased subjective well-being) even in a highly developed and multicultural country like Luxembourg. When we are adding on the micro level variables representing the economic domain of social cohesion following Bernard (1999), then we observe that this domain also has an effect on income and on subjective well-being. Therefore, we recommend including the economic domain in any future analysis using the concept of social cohesion.},
  author = {Klein, Carlo},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-011-9963-x},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {891--911},
  title = {Social Capital or Social Cohesion: What Matters For Subjective Well-Being?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9963-x},
  volume = 110,
  year = 2013
}

@article{voicu2014immigrants,
  abstract = {Resilience, exposure and transferability are the most common explanations of immigrant political mobilisation in the context of the host society. They are based on assumptions about socialisation and institutionalisation, which are common to native-born groups as well. They lead to hypotheses about the impact of ‘cultures of voting turnout.’ This paper tests these hypotheses through cross-classified multilevel logistic regression analysis of immigrants' voting intentions. The method is new to the analysis of voting behaviour, and allows the comparison of immigrants of multiple origin groups in multiple host countries. This paper provides support for exposure effects: living in a society where most people cast ballots in national elections increases the odds that immigrants are willing to vote. Transferability is not evident, as coming from a culture of high turnout actually lowers the probability of voting. Such impact is not mediated by the length of stay or by the political opportunity structure specific to immigrants, but is stronger in systems of compulsory voting. },
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan and Comşa, Mircea},
  doi = {10.1080/1369183X.2013.873712},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.873712},
  journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1572-1592},
  title = {Immigrants' Participation in Voting: Exposure, Resilience, and Transferability},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.873712    },
  volume = 40,
  year = 2014
}

@article{sorensen2014ruralurban,
  abstract = {Sørensen J. F. L. Rural–urban differences in life satisfaction: evidence from the European Union, Regional Studies. This paper uses data from the European Values Study 2008 to investigate rural–urban differences in life satisfaction across the European Union. Rural dwellers were found to have a significantly higher life satisfaction than city dwellers when holding socio-economic factors constant. This is systematically observed across three European Union country clusters defined by their level of affluence (gross domestic product (GDP)). With this background, the latter part of the paper explores the factors behind the higher life satisfaction in rural areas, focusing on differences in levels of insecurity, frames of comparison and levels of social interaction. },
  author = {Sørensen, Jens F. L.},
  doi = {10.1080/00343404.2012.753142},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 9,
  pages = {1451-1466},
  title = {Rural-urban differences in life satisfaction : evidence from the European Union},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2012.753142},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2014
}

@article{siegers2016religious,
  abstract = {Abstract Many studies have shown that individual religiosity is related to a Christian Democratic vote. Recently, studies from sociology of religion have reported the rise of holistic spirituality. This paper is the first to examine the effects of holistic spirituality on party choice. In addition, it critically assesses the assertion that conventional religiosity prevents individuals from affiliating with Green parties. Our results show that spirituality is related to a higher probability of choosing Green parties. Moreover, conventional religiosity increases the probability that moderate left voters will prefer a Green party to a Social Democratic party. This result shows that there is common ground between the electorates of Green and Christian Democratic parties, thus creating possibilities for new political coalitions. },
  author = {Siegers, Pascal and Franzmann, Simon and Hassan, Mira},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2016.08.008},
  issn = {0261-3794},
  journal = {Electoral Studies },
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {203-213},
  title = {The religious and spiritual underpinnings of party choice in christian Europe},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261379416303171},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2016
}

@article{bilgin2016empirical,
  abstract = {Tax morale is defined an intrinsic motivation of paying taxes, and it is closely related to tax compliance. It is essential to search determinants of tax morale for a comprehensive understanding of tax compliance . In this paper, determinants of tax morale in Bosnia-Herzegovina are searched. Tax morale is an ordered categorical dependent variable. Therefore, ordered probit model is estimated to derive the relations between tax morale and relevant variables. The magnitudes of estimated coefficients are not interpreted; their signs are taken into account since ordered probit model refers to a nonlinear equation. The marginal effects are computed to determine the effect of each variable on tax morale. Marginal effect indicates the change in the probability of specific tax morale category when an independent variable changes by one unit. The indicators related to demographic features (gender, age, marital status), employment status (self employed, retired, student etc.), economic status (income levels) and social capital (religiosity, confidence in government, confidence injustice system, confidence in parliament, education levels etc.) are the independent variables used in the model. The effects of these variables on tax morale are analyzed . For this aim, a relevant dataset obtained from European Values Study (EVS) database is used in estimating the model. EVS is a survey researching socio-cultural and political changes in Europe. The question related to tax morale in the survey is classified as the dependent variable of the model. The findings from the estimated model suggest that some of the social capital variables, demographic factors and income level have important effects on tax morale.  Vergi ahlakı vergi ödemeyle ilgili bir içsel motivasyon olarak tanımlanmaktadır ve vergi uyumu ile yakından ilişkilidir. Vergi uyumunun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için vergi ahlakınm belirleyicileri üzerinde araştırma yapmak önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Bosna-Hersek için vergi ahlakının belirleyicileri araştırılmaktadır. Vergi ahlakı kategorik bağımlı değişkendir. Bu yüzden, vergi ahlakı ve ilgili değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri tanımlamak için sıralı probit modeli tahmin edilmektedir. Tahmin edilen katsayıların büyüklülükleri analiz edilmemektedir; sıralı probit modeli doğrusal olmayan denklemi işaret ettiği için bu katsayıların işaretleri dikkate alınmamaktadır. Her bir değişkenin vergi ahlakı üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için marjinal etkiler hesaplanmıştır. Marjinal etki bağımsız değişken bir birim değiştiğinde belirli bir vergi ahlakı kategorisinin olasılığındaki değişimi göstermektedir. Demografik özelliklere ilişkin göstergeler (cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum), istihdam durumu göstergeleri (kendi işinin sahibi, emekli, öğrenci vs.), ekonomik statü unsurları (gelir düzeyi) ve sosyal sermaye faktörleri (dindarlık, hükümete güven, parlamentoya güven, eğitim düzeyi, vs.) modelde kullanılan bağımsız değişkenlerdir. Bu değişkenlerin vergi ahlakı üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilmektedir. Bu amaçla, model tahmini için Avrupa Değerler Araştırması (EVS) veri tabanından alınmış ilgili veri seti kullanılmaktadır. EVS Avrupa'daki sosyo-kültürel ve politik değişimleri analiz eden bir araştırmadır. Bu araştırmada vergi ahlakı ile ilgili soru modelin bağımlı değişkeni olarak alınmaktadır. Tahmin edilen modelden elde edilen bulgular bazı sosyal sermaye değişkenlerinin, demografik faktörlerin ve gelir düzeyinin vergi ahlakı üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğunu söylemektedir.},
  author = {Bilgin, Cevat and Bilgin, Handan Kaynar},
  issn = {13099841},
  journal = {Balkan Journal of Social Sciences / Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 9,
  pages = 166,
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {An Empirical Analysis of Tax Moral in Bosnia-Herzegovina},
  url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=113009999&lang=de&site=eds-live},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2016
}

@book{klein2013nationale,
  abstract = {Nationale Identität ist ein schillernder Begriff. Mit ihm werden sowohl individuelle und kollektive Selbst- und Fremdbilder als auch vermeintliche und tatsächliche Gemeinsamkeiten beschrieben. Er durchdringt auf vielerlei Weise das Denken und Handeln im sozialen Kontext und ist zugleich doch wissenschaftlich schwer zu fassen. Michael Klein verfolgt das Ziel, die nationale Identität der Deutschen am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts aus einer soziologischen Perspektive zu skizzieren. Um die vielfältigen Facetten des Konzepts nationaler Identität abzubilden, führt er hierfür drei unterschiedliche theoretische Zugänge zusammen. Neben dem nationalen Commitment der Deutschen stehen die sozialen Grenzkonstruktionen und die vorherrschenden Wertorientierungen im Fokus des Forschungsprogramms. Drei Leitfragen bilden das Gerüst für eine empirisch gestützte Diskussion der gegenwärtigen nationalen Identität der Deutschen:Wie deutsch fühlen sich die Deutschen heute?Was, glauben die Deutschen, ist heute deutsch? Und was ist heute tatsächlich deutsch?},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Klein, Michael},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2880 ; ZA3910 ; ZA4744 ; ZA4804 ; ZA4575},
  isbn = {978-3-658-04014-7},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {German},
  pages = 367,
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  school = {Zugl.: Hohenheim, Univ., Diss. },
  study-id = {ISSP1995 ; EB69.2 ; ISSP2003 ;  EVS1981-2008 ; ALLBUSkum1980-2010},
  title = {Die nationale Identität der Deutschen: Commitment, Grenzkonstruktionen und Werte zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts},
  url = {http://www.springer.com/springer+vs/soziologie/book/978-3-658-04014-7},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{kotze2003revising,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Kotzé, Hennie and Lombard, Karin},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {183-207},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Revising the Value Shift Hypothesis: A Descriptive Analysis of South Africa's Value Priorities between 1990 and 2001},
  year = 2003
}

@article{gavreliuc2014cartography,
  author = {Gavreliuc, Alin and Gavreliuc, Dana},
  journal = {Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 44,
  pages = {212-228},
  title = {Cartography of the Banatian Identity Dynamics in the Last Decade: the Registers of Social Attitudes and Social Capital.},
  year = 2014
}

@article{katsanidou2016policies,
  abstract = {Publishing in top-ranking journals in the social sciences and international relations requires writing with clarity. Accurately described and transparent methods sections ensure high-quality academic writing. The methodology section of empirical papers should explain the exact steps taken by the authors when operationalizing concepts and testing hypotheses to facilitate replication. This also allows for monitoring quality, challenging findings, and promoting good scientific practices. The quality of methodology sections is the result of the interaction between academic cultures of data sharing, effective application of rules, and good-quality research data management (RDM). This article evaluates the impact of standards on replicability. We present an empirical analysis of a set of sixty-six articles published during the period 1984-2013 that use data from all waves of the European Values Survey. We find differences demonstrating the impact of good RDM and data policies on good scientific practice.},
  author = {Katsanidou, Alexia and Horton, Laurence and Jensen, Uwe},
  daten-doi = {10.7802/70},
  doi = {10.1093/isp/ekv014},
  eprint = {http://isp.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/02/10/isp.ekv014.full.pdf},
  issn = {1528-3577},
  journal = {International Studies Perspectives},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {1-13},
  publisher = {The Oxford University Press},
  title = {Data Policies, Data Management, and the Quality of Academic Writing},
  url = {http://isp.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/02/10/isp.ekv014},
  volume = 0,
  year = 2016
}

@article{rusu2012measuringsocialsolidaritysomeresearchnotes,
  abstract = {There is an increasing public, political and research interest in social solidarity. Even though the concept has a long history and is embedded in solid approaches, there is not much literature concerned with its measurement. The paper falls into the area of the ethodological studies of social solidarity and it deals with construct validation. The objective of this paper is to test for convergent validity and nomological validity of two sets of items aiming to measure social solidarity attitudes and acts. The main method employed is confirmatory factor analysis.},
  author = {Rusu, Horatiu},
  journal = {Social Change Review},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {71-90},
  title = {Measuring Social Solidarity. Some Research Notes},
  url = {http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=105dd331f29b4cadaaa834133e766372},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{dobbelaere1995religion,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9036196361},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {1-30},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Religion in Europe and North America},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {/brokenurl#full text available at: http://books.google.nl/books?hl=nl&lr=&id=4IwmxueNR0QC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Religion+in+Europe+and+North+America&ots=TFnFZBhufc&sig=M6Lghz1bMbSfQKg4uhaCuSF_PUs},
  year = 1995
}

@article{paas2013social,
  author = {Paas, Stefan},
  journal = {International Bulletin of Missionary Research},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {9-12},
  title = {The use of social data in the evangelization of Europe: methodological issues},
  url = {http://www.internationalbulletin.org/system/files/2013-01-ibmr.pdf},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2013
}

@misc{knill2013morality,
  author = {Knill, Christoph and Nebel, Kerstin and Preidel, Caroline},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro},
  title = {Morality Policy in Catholic Countries: A Comparison of Outputs and Reform Dynamics in the Regulation of Abortion and Same-sex Unions},
  year = 2013
}

@book{medino1987somos,
  address = {A.C. Mexico},
  author = {Medino, A H.},
  editor = {Medino, A.H.},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Centro de Estudios Educativos},
  title = {Como somos los Mexicanos, Consejo Nacional de recursos para la attencion de la Juventud},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1987
}

@incollection{dekker1997voluntary,
  abstract = {The relevance of social participation and intermediary associations for democracy has been at the centre of approaches to democratic politics since the nineteenth century. More recently the rise of new states in Central and Easter Europe and contemporary discussions about social conflict, civil society, communitarianism, and social capital have stimulated a revival of the subject. This study explores the changing role and functions of voluntary associations, intermediary organisations and other social movements in democratic societies. The contributors employ macro and mico-perspectives to examine the relationship between social and political involvement in the democratic process. The contributors use previously unpublished empirical data from countries such as Britain, Germany, France, Denmark, Belgium , Norway and Spain. They find the structure of voluntary associations and intermediary organisations throughout these countries has changed significantly and their membership levels and relevance to democratic decision-making have grown, pointing to a changing, but not declining, democratic culture in Western Europe.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Dekker, Paul and Koopmans, Ruud and van den Broek, Andries},
  booktitle = {Private Groups and Public Life. Social Participation, Voluntary Association and Political Involvement in Representative Democracies},
  editor = {van Deth, J W.},
  isbn = {415169550},
  keywords = {1997 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {221-239},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {Voluntary Associations, Social Movements and Individual Political Behavior in Western Europe},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {http://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de/publications/books/privgroup.html#Inhalt},
  year = 1997
}

@article{gerhards2008acceptance,
  abstract = {The article first describes how the European Union has replaced the idea of nationally bounded freedom to move, settle, and work with the idea of free movement for all Europeans and the notion of non-discrimination. The second section gives an analysis of the extent to which citizens of different European countries support the idea of non-discrimination between nationals and European foreigners. The empirical basis for our analysis is the 'European Values Study'. The descriptive findings show that the idea of non-discrimination is not supported by the majority of the European citizens, and that there are substantial differences between the countries. In the third section, we explain these differences by referring, among other factors, to the level of modernization of a country, the value orientation of the respondent, the level of education of the respondent, and the unemployment rate.},
  author = {Gerhards, Jürgen},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {121-140},
  title = {Free to move? The acceptance of free movement of labour and non discrimination among citizens of Europe},
  url = {http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~content=a788288737~fulltext=713240928},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2008
}

@article{voicu2012immigrants,
  abstract = {This study focuses on the level of membership in associations of the migrant population in Spain. Three types of civic engagement are considered: participation in all types of civic associations, in associations for immigrants and in non-immigrant associations. The article investigates whether immigrants coming from countries with higher levels of civic participation are more likely to participate in civic associations and if immigrants who have lived longer in and stayed in closer contact with a home country with a higher level of civicparticipation are more likely to join civic associations. Data used come from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey (2007) and the World Values Survey (2000, 2005). The results of multilevel logistic regressions show that immigrants who have spent more time in a more participatory context at origin and who are in closer contact with these societies are more likely to get involved in civic associations at destination.},
  author = {Voicu, Malina and Rusa, I Alexandra},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {788-806},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Immigrants' membership in civic associations : why are some immigrants more active than others?},
  url = {http://iss.sagepub.com/content/27/6/788.full.pdf+html},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2012
}

@article{voicu2014participative,
  abstract = {This paper uses insights from the literature on social capital and from the sociology of values to explain dependency of immigrants’ involvement in associations depend on the norms of participation in their country of origin as well as the norms of their host countries. The argument is that changing the social context should lead to changing participative behaviours. I use cross-classified multilevel models on the EVS 2008 data to test if average levels of participation in the host and in the origin society determine immigrants’ propensity to become member in voluntary organizations. The findings point to a partial assimilation of immigrants. Their behaviours, while influenced by their culture of origin, are mainly shaped by their country of residence. The relation is influenced by the differences between the patterns of participation in the two cultures, the age when migrating and the dependency of the origin on remittances},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  doi = {10.1007/s11266-013-9355-8},
  journal = {Voluntas},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {English},
  number = 3,
  pages = {612-635},
  title = {Participative Immigrants or Participative Cultures? The Importance of Cultural Heritage in Determining Involvement in Associations},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{baloban2004solidarnost,
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Stjepan},
  booktitle = {O solidarnosti i supsidijarnosti u Hrvatskoj},
  editor = {Baloban, Stjepan and Črpić, Gordan},
  isbn = {9531100349, 9789531100349},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  publisher = {Centar za promicanje socijalnog nauka Crkve; Kršćanska sadašnjost},
  series = {Socijalni niz Crkva i društvo},
  title = {Solidarnost u svjetlu socijalnog nauka Crkve (Solidarity from the Perspective of Social Teaching of the Church)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2004
}

@article{brechon2004influence,
  abstract = {A panoramic view of religion in Europe is sketched on the basis of an international survey of religious attitudes (International Social Survey Programme, 1998). It is then shown that integration into a religious system (on a scale from "regular church-goer" to "no religion") has significant effects on ethical and political attitudes (regarding sexual permissiveness, men's and women's roles in society, abortion, civic morality, confidence in institutions, political orientation). Whatever the European country, integration into Catholicism or Protestantism corresponds to attitudes that are more traditional, conformist, and politically to the right. No clear difference may be observed between Catholics and Protestants, groups that today are culturally fairly close.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.3917/rfs.455.0026},
  issn = {0035-2969},
  journal = {Revue française de sociologie},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  notes = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000221124700002},
  number = {Suppl.},
  pages = {27-48},
  title = {Influence of religious integration on attitudes: A comparative analysis of European countries},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-sociologie-2004-5-page-26.htm},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2004
}

@book{dragolov2016social,
  abstract = {Many people in the Western world are concerned that the social fabric of societies is fraying. This book constitutes the first-of-its-kind systematic account of social cohesion, from theory through methodology to empirical evidence. Readers are introduced to the academically developed Social Cohesion Radar of Bertelsmann Stiftung, a globally active non-governmental organization. The Social Cohesion Radar defines and measures cohesion as characterized by three core aspects: resilient social relations, positive emotional connectedness between people and the community, and a pronounced focus on the common good. Using high-quality academic and institutional data sources, the Social Cohesion Radar provides insights into the level and development of social cohesion over a period of almost 25 years internationally, among 34 European Union and OECD members, and regionally, among the 16 federal states of Germany. It further provides insights into what influences cohesion, and what cohesion is good for. One of the key findings is that social cohesion promotes a happier life for everyone.},
  address = {Cham, Switzerland},
  author = {Dragolov, Georgi and Ignácz, Zsófia S. and Lorenz, Jan and Delhey, Jan and Boehnke, Klaus and Unzicker, Kai},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-32464-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2637 ; ZA3387 ; ZA4229 ; ZA4411 ; ZA4506 ; ZA4529 ; ZA4530 ; ZA5233},
  isbn = {978-3-319-32463-0},
  issn = {2211-7644},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 138,
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  series = {SpringerBriefs in Well-Being and Quality of Life Research},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP1992 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2009},
  study-id = {EB43.1 ; EB54.1 ; EB62.0 ; EB63.4 ; EB65.2 ; EB67.1 ; EB67.2 ; EB73.3},
  title = {Social Cohesion in the Western World. What Holds Societies Together: Insights from the Social Cohesion Radar},
  year = 2016
}

@article{haas2006household,
  abstract = {Our aim is to contribute to better understanding of why different practices relating to the division of paid labour by sex in couple households are still to be found in different parts of Europe. We analyse data on the distribution of dominant household employment patterns in eight countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Using comparative survey evidence for a large total sample (N = 10, 123), we examine how national differences in terms of the gender division of paid work correspond with predictions drawn from well-established structuralist and culturalist theories of the determinants of cross-country variations. The findings call for a further elaboration of conventional approaches to explaining gendered employment patterns in an enlarged Europe.},
  author = {Haas, B. and Steiber, N. and Hartel, M. and Wallace, C.},
  journal = {Work, employment and society},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {751-771},
  title = {Household employment patterns in an enlarged European Union},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2006
}

@article{caragliu2014cognitive,
  abstract = {Caragliu A. and Nijkamp P. Cognitive capital and islands of innovation: the Lucas growth model from a regional perspective, Regional Studies. Knowledge triggers regional growth. Evidence suggests that skilled labour force concentrates in islands of innovation, providing an advantage for innovative regions and a challenge for lagging ones. A growth model explaining the effect of human capital on regional wealth is presented. Estimates are based on the European Values Study (EVS) and Eurostat regional data. The externality driving growth in the model is cognitive capital. Empirical tests show that a higher endowment of cognitive capital generates increasing returns to knowledge, favouring the emergence of islands of innovation; also, regions with a high endowment of cognitive capital attract knowledge spillovers from neighbours.},
  author = {Caragliu, Andrea and Nijkamp, Peter},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {624-645},
  title = {Cognitive Capital and Islands of Innovation: The Lucas Growth Model from a Regional Perspective},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2014
}

@book{halman1999religion,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and Riis, O.},
  isbn = {9036197406},
  keywords = {1999 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  number = 5,
  pages = {xviii + 204},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European values studies},
  title = {Religion in Secularizing Society. The European's religion at the end of the 20th century},
  year = 1999
}

@article{zrinscak2000dostojanstvo,
  abstract = {This study discusses the topic of dignity of man and work. The standpoint of the discussion is represented by the results of researches, which refer to work and work values. They have been analysed from different angles: contemporary social processes in the sphere of work, Croatian transitional circumstances and from the perspective of social doctrine of the Church, which explains today's transformation of work and points towards possible solutions. Within this context, the following topics have been dealt with: centrality of work, significant characteristics of a job, working in the objective social circumstances and also individual and collective preferences. The results of the research show that work has been highly evaluated, but not at the expense of the family or even friends and free time. Among the important characteristics of a job, as priorities are considered a good salary, good job security and interesting job, which points to the fact that a variable of comfort and material conditions are more evaluated than personal development. Work is mostly perceived as an objective necessity, and those who are employed do not show enough satisfaction with the work itself, with autonomy in work and with job security. Croatian citizens also seem to be unauthoritarian in work because, first of all, they want to be sure in the soundness of instructions given to them by a higher-ranked person, and at the same time, they mostly agree with different pay for different work. The research points to a somewhat more significant acceptance of collective values, but here, to a large extent, contradictory and ambivalent attitudes are revealed, for example in the cases of a large acceptance of the attitudes towards competition as being stimulating, but also of the attitude towards a reduction of differences in salaries. The question of individual and collective preferences most clearly illustrates the problem of transition and the role of the state in the economic and, generally, in the social development. In the conclusion of the study, the authors discuss about four possible spheres of explanation within which it can be more clearly understood to what extent the issues of the attitude towards work express mutual world trends and European trends, tο what extent the transitional, and to what extent specific Croatian circumstances.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Zrinščak, Siniša and Baloban, Stjepan and Črpić, Gordan},
  issn = {3523101},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {471-484},
  title = {Dostojanstvo čovjeka i rad (Dignity of Man and Work)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49418},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@article{gundelach1992danskernes,
  abstract = {To determine Danish attitudes toward immigrants, a secondary analysis was performed on data collected from 25 countries in Europe 1981-1983 & from 40 countries in 1990. Intolerance among Danes may be due to low educational level, relative deprivation, political populism, or authoritarian personalities. Although in different segments of the population these factors may be more or less responsible, socioeconomic position is generally more important. A comparison of Denmark with Norway & Sweden shows that in all three countries the increasing influx of immigrants over the past decade led to more intolerance. Political factors, including extreme rightist parties, are primarily responsible.},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  issn = {9055908},
  journal = {Dansk Sociologi},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {4-22},
  title = {Danskernes intolerance (The Intolerance of the Danes)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 3,
  year = 1992
}

@book{kerkhofs1992versnelde,
  address = {Tielt},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan and Dobbelaere, Karel and Voyé, Lilianne and Bawin-Legros, Bernadette},
  editor = {Kerkhofs, Jan and Dobbelaere, Karel and Voyé, Lilianne and Bawin-Legros, Bernadette},
  isbn = {9020921231, 9051300999},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 288,
  publisher = {Lannoo},
  title = {De Versnelde Ommekeer},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1992
}

@book{voye1992belges,
  address = {Brussel},
  author = {Voyé, Liliane and Bawin-Legros, Bernadette and Kerkhofs, Jan and Dobbelaere, Karel},
  editor = {Voyé, Liliane and Bawin-Legros, Bernadette and Kerkhofs, Jan and Dobbelaere, Karel},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {De Boeck-Wesmael},
  title = {Belges, heureux et satisfaits: Les Valeurs des Belges dans les Années 90 (Belgians, Happy and Satisfied)},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1992
}

@book{inglehart2004human,
  abstract = {For over twenty-five years Ronald Inglehart and his colleagues have been collecting survey data on the beliefs and opinions of people all over the world on a variety of topics. This work led Inglehart to expound his noted theory about the development of post-materialist values in developed countries and explore its effect on politics. This book, based on the most comprehensive of these surveys, the World Values Survey conducted in over forty countries from 1990-93, publishes for the first time all of the findings of this survey. The questions cover issues such as politics, economics, religion, family life, and gender roles, and reflect differences in response by age, gender, economic standing, and education. This book provides a wealth of data that will appeal to social scientists, journalists, people in international business, and policy makers interested in understanding social, political, or cultural attitudes in different countries. Ronald Inglehart is Professor of Political Science, University of Michigan, and coauthor of Value Change in Global Perspective, as well as many other books and articles. Miguel Basanez is Professor of Political Science, Institutio Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico, and director of MORI de Mexico. Alejandro Moreno is Professor of Political Science, Institutio Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico.},
  address = {Mexico City},
  author = {Inglehart, R.},
  isbn = {978-0472108336, 0472108336},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 498,
  publisher = {Siglo XXI Editores},
  title = {Human beliefs and values : a cross-cultural sourcebook based on the 1999-2002 values surveys},
  year = 2004
}

@article{delooz1986church,
  address = {Europe-North America},
  author = {Delooz, P.},
  journal = {Pro Mundi Vita Dossiers},
  keywords = {1986 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  title = {The Church in Malta},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 33,
  year = 1986
}

@incollection{riffault1994personne,
  author = {Riffault, Hélène},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Français},
  editor = {Riffault, Hélène},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {11-34},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France (PUF)},
  title = {La personne: soi et les autres},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{lange2009attitudes,
  abstract = {Purpose  This paper aims to contribute to the growing body of empirical evaluations of workerssubjective well being by assessing the impact of values, beliefs, important job attributes andautonomous institution building on employees job satisfaction across ten countries in Central andEastern Europe.Design/methodology/approach  Data derived from the European Values Study 1999/2000 isbeing utilised, which provides detailed information not only on job satisfaction and socio-demographiccharacteristics, but also on individuals subjective views, beliefs and important job attributes.Following a descriptive narrative on the transformation in emerging market economies, ordered probitregressions are performed to determine the significance of these characteristics, values and beliefs onworkers job satisfaction.Findings  The empirical findings suggest that reported attitudes, values and beliefs and theirimpact on job satisfaction evince traits of a legacy of communist industrial relations as well assubsequent experiences with economic and social transition. What is more, the study also uncovers thepositive influence of trust and confidence in autonomous institution building on workers jobsatisfaction, specifically in the context of reformed trade unions, education and social security.Originality/value  In previous studies, job satisfaction has been examined primarily in WesternEurope and the USA. In contrast, empirical examinations to identify the determinants of jobsatisfaction for employees in Central and Eastern Europe have not figured prominently in thisliterature. This paper adds value by providing robust empirical results for this region.},
  author = {Lange, Thomas},
  journal = {Employee Relations},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {81-97},
  title = {Attitudes, attributes and institutions},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2009
}

@inproceedings{biolcatirinaldi2013church,
  abstract = {In many European countries the debate over secularization and religious change is far from having reached unanimous conclusions. In Italy, for example, some scholars underline an unbroken trend toward a decrease of religiosity, while other scholars highlight the signs of a religious revival especially in younger generations. The aim of the paper is to define the religious change in church attendance in European countries for a period as long as possible. The analytical strategy is to consider more surveys together in order to widen the observation window and to get more reliable estimates. Many surveys are suitable for the analysis so it is necessary to apply some selection criteria. Two criteria are going to be applied: surveys should be repeated - since we are interested in aggregate change - and they should come from non-commercial institutes given the open access to the data. Applying these criteria and taking into account the comparative constraint, we will analysis religious change in up to 15 EU countries using the following five studies: Eurobarometer, European social survey (Ess), European values study (Evs), World values survey (Wvs), International Social Survey Programme (Issp). The joint analysis of many surveys gives also the opportunity to compare different data and evaluate their reliability. The question of convergence of results will be addressed, in levels of church attendance and their development over time. To evaluate systematically time change and survey effects a multilevel analysis is developed, where individuals are nested in surveys administered over different time points.},
  address = {Slovenia},
  author = {Biolcati-Rinaldi, Ferruccio and Vezzoni, Cristiano},
  booktitle = {European Survey Research Association, Ljubljana, 15-19 July 2013},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  notes = {ISSP},
  title = {Church Attendance and Religious Change in Europe (1970-2011). Theoretical Debate, Methodological Issues and Empirical Results},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{halman1995measuring,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {OECD Measuring What Students Learn},
  isbn = {9789264043589},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {110-122},
  publisher = {OECD},
  title = {Measuring and Comparing Democratic Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{carriero2016inequality,
  abstract = {This article investigates how income inequality affects class differences in attitudes to redistribution. Drawing on the fourth wave (2008–09) of the European Values Study, it provides a multilevel analysis covering 44 nations. The main finding is that class differences in attitudes to redistribution tend to fade out in more unequal countries, not because higher classes converge toward more pro-redistributive positions, but because working class people become less egalitarian. This result proved to be robust with respect to several checks and to the inclusion of different control variables, both economic and non-economic. The interpretation of these puzzling findings points to the role of various societal and cultural factors, such as social mobility, political discourse and individualistic values.},
  author = {Carriero, Renzo},
  doi = {10.1163/15691330-12341366},
  journal = {Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {112-139},
  title = {More Inequality, Fewer Class Differences: The Paradox of Attitudes to Redistribution Across European Countries},
  url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/15691330-12341366},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{arts2003europe,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Arts, W.A. and Bijsterveld, A.J.A. and Veraghtert, K.F.E.},
  booktitle = {The Cultural Diversity of European Unity. Findings, Explanations and Reflections from the European Values Study},
  editor = {Arts, W.A. and Halman, L.C.J.M. and Hagenaars, J.A.P.},
  isbn = {9004122990},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 6,
  pages = {67-85},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Europe and its values in an historical perspective},
  year = 2003
}

@article{muller2013religiskonfessionelle,
  abstract = {In religious terms, East and West Germany are still two separate societies more than 20 years after reunification. While the large majority of the population in West Germany belongs to one of the two main Christian churches, the proportion of those without a denomination in East Germany is now more than 70 \%. Moreover, as far as church involvement, confidence in the church and individual religiosity are concerned, the West Germans have a much stronger religious affiliation to the church than their East German counterparts. The main reason for this difference is the influence of different political systems and legal cultures in East and West during the period when the two parts of Germany were divided. The fact, though, that the process of secularization has continued unabated in East Germany since 1989, and that the religious and ecclesiastical discrepancies between the two parts of the country have, if anything, become stronger rather than weaker since then, would suggest that there are other factors at work here, too. In this contribution, we argue that one of the factors that needs to be considered is the dominant denominational culture that exists in each of the two parts of the country, a culture which is highly persistent, can easily reproduce itself, puts pressure on the respective minority cultures, and is able to diffuse into them. While the dominant denominational culture in West Germany is able to slow down the current processes of secularization, the secular, non-denominational majority culture in the East tends rather to produce effects which accelerate these processes. In this essay, we use a variety of empirical indicators (effectiveness of religious socialization, denominational affiliation, churchly affiliation, faith in God) to demonstrate these effects.},
  author = {Müller, Olaf and Pollack, Detlef and Pickel, Gert},
  doi = {10.1007/s11577-013-0221-x},
  issn = {1861-891X},
  journal = {KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {123--148},
  title = {Religiös-konfessionelle Kultur und individuelle Religiosität: Ein Vergleich zwischen West- und Ostdeutschland (Denominational culture and individual religiosity: a comparison between West and East Germany)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11577-013-0221-x},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{voicu2003volunteering,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Voicu, Malina and Voicu, Bogdan},
  booktitle = {The Values of Volunteering: Cross-cultural Perspectives},
  editor = {Dekker, Paul and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {0306477378, 0306478544},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {143-160},
  publisher = {Kluwer academic/Plenum publishers},
  title = {Volunteering in Romania: A 'rara avis'},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 2003
}

@article{voas2015normalization,
  abstract = {James Lewis challenged the assertion that religious ‘nones’ are becoming more like the general population. The evidence he offers is insufficient to make his case, however: the generational dynamics of religious change are invisible if one takes a cross-sectional snapshot of the entire population, undifferentiated by age. In addition, write-in responses on census and survey forms do not provide a good basis for studying the characteristics of the very large and growing number of people who are non-religious.},
  author = {Voas, David},
  doi = {10.1080/13537903.2015.1081354},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2015.1081354},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {505-508},
  title = {The Normalization of Non-religion: A Reply to James Lewis},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2015.1081354},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{brechon2009breakthrough,
  address = {London},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {The International Social Survey Programme 1984-2009. Charting the globe},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {28-43},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {A breakthrough in comparative social research: ISSP compared with the Eurobarometers, EVS and ESS surveys},
  year = 2009
}

@incollection{tiberj2014vieillissement,
  address = {Armand Colin},
  author = {Tiberj, Vincent},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {189-203},
  title = {Vieillissement ou renouvellement générationnel? Les valeurs conjuguées dans le temps},
  year = 2014
}

@article{vermunt2003multilevel,
  abstract = {The latent class (LC) models that have been developed so far assume that observations are independent. Parametric and non-parametric random-coefficient LC models are proposed here, which will make it possible to modify this assumption. For example, the models can be used for the analysis of data collected with complex sampling designs, data with a multilevel structure, and multiple-group data for more than a few groups. An adapted EM algorithm is presented that makes maximum-likelihood estimation feasible. The new model is illustrated with examples from organizational, educational, and cross-national comparative research.},
  author = {Vermunt, J K.},
  journal = {Sociological Methodology},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {213-239},
  title = {Multilevel latent class models},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2003
}

@article{bradydavid2007institutional,
  abstract = {This study assesses three explanations for cross-national differences in unionization: Western's (1997) institutional model, economic explanations based on the business cycle or globalization, and Hechter's (2004) solidaristic theory. This study features a multilevel analysis of employed workers with the late 1990s World Values surveys of 18 affluent democracies. The analyses generally support the institutional model. Left parties and ghent systems remain influential, though ghent is less robust. Neo-corporatism and wage coordination are insignificant whereas workplace access is the more salient indicator of centralization. Beyond Western's model, right cabinet significantly weakens unionization. Refuting economic explanations, inflation, unemployment, and economic growth, as well as international trade and investment, do not influence unionization. Consistent with Hechter's claims, the welfare state reduces unionization but, contradicting his claims, immigration does not undermine unions. Ultimately, this study supports a revised institutional model that supplements Western's model with right cabinet and the welfare state.},
  author = {{Brady, David }},
  journal = {Work and Occupations},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {67-101},
  title = {Institutional, Economic, or Solidaristic? Assessing Explanations for Unionization Across Affluent Democracies},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2007
}

@article{thorisdottir2014theories,
  abstract = {The Icelandic economy collapsed dramatically in the fall of 2008, making the country one of the first victims of the sharp economic downturn that hit most of the West. The Icelandic crisis may serve as an especially illuminating case study of the psychology of economic booms and busts. We offer an analysis of the buildup and aftermath of the economic crisis in Iceland using theories and findings from social psychology and related disciplines. During the buildup, at the national level we focus on strong national identity, high levels of trust, and system justification. At the group level, we discuss homogeneity of bank employees, group identity, and organizational culture. At the individual level the focus is on motivated reasoning and cognitive heuristics. During the aftermath at the national level, the primary focus is on collective action and the ascent of women into power. At the individual level we discuss changes in values, and report on a study in which we examined people's perceptions of what caused the crisis and how it relates to political ideology. We conclude by considering several behaviors not accounted for in our analysis and some policy implications that can be gleaned from the analysis.},
  author = {Thórisdóttir, Hulda and Karólínudóttir, Karen Erla},
  doi = {10.1111/asap.12051},
  issn = {1530-2415},
  journal = {Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {281-310},
  title = {The Boom and the Bust: Can Theories from Social Psychology and Related Disciplines Account for One Country's Economic Crisis?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asap.12051},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2014
}

@article{rukavishnikov1995russia,
  abstract = {In 1991, Russia disavowed communism & set about creating a market economy; however, the results have not been as encouraging as in Hungary & the Czech Republic. Many have commented that the problems lie not only with the huge scale of Russia's territory & population, but also within the special features of the country's political culture & the mentality of the nation. To investigate Russians' current political values, questionnaire data were obtained 1993/94 from 2,829 respondents, & the findings compared with a similar 1991 study of North Americans & Europeans. The results showed Russians to be the nation most dissatisfied with life. Compared to most other peoples, Russians expressed a high degree of confidence in interpersonal trust, however. Other factors investigated include feelings toward freedom, equality, justice, state paternalism, readiness to protest, Left/Right orientation, & reaction to the pace of reforms.},
  author = {Rukavishnikov, V Olegovich and Halman, Loek and Ester, Peter and Rukavishnikova, T Pavlovna},
  issn = {1321625},
  journal = {Sociological Studies},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {75-90},
  title = {Russia Between Present and Future: Comparison of Indices of Political Culture for the Peoples of Twenty-Two Countries in Europe and North America},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 21,
  year = 1995
}

@article{haraldsson1991psychic,
  abstract = {Three items on personal psychic experiences (telepathy, clairvoyance, and contact with the dead) were included in a survey on human values that was conducted on large representative samples in 13 countries in Europe and in the U.S. (N=18,607). The three items were originally formulated by Andrew Greeley and were translated into different European languages. In Europe, the percentage of persons reporting telepathy was 34%; clairvoyance was reported by 21%; and 25% reported contact with the dead. Percentages for the U.S. were considerably higher: 54%, 25% and 30%, respectively. There were great national differences; for example, 60% of Americans and Italians reported some psychic experience, but only 24% of the Norwegians made such claims. Looking into the question of how people who report psychic experiences differ from those who do not, revealed little or no effect of education and age but rather strinking effects of sex, marital status, reporting positive and negative affects on the Bradburn Affect Scale, and several other variables. The question of whether some of these associations could be due to a response bias effect was considered, and as far as could be ascertained, there was no response bias effect, meaning that the associations were quite specific. After national differences, the variables best predicting that one has had some psychic experience were sum of affect according to the Bradburn Affect Scale and belief in reincarnation.},
  author = {Haraldsson, Erlendur and Houtkooper, J M.},
  issn = {31070},
  journal = {Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research},
  keywords = {1991 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  title = {Psychic Experiences in the Multinational Human Values Study},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://www3.hi.is/~erlendur/english/hvs.pdf},
  volume = 85,
  year = 1991
}

@article{brechon2011pertinence,
  abstract = {The principal explanations of contemporary religious change face two main difficulties. On the one hand, they often fail to express the complexity of the ongoing evolution, because they are too focused on institutional religion, e.g. secularization. On the other hand, some of them favour fashionable themes (the growth of individualism, the privatization of religion) and skirt the societal impact of religion. The idea of dualism allows a combined approach to the process of religious de-institutionalization and the new patterns of its regulation. The authors discuss this theory on the basis of data relating to Switzerland, France and other Western European countries (EVS ; ISSP). In spite of the difficulty of finding relevant indicators that allow proper comparison, the results are promising. They invite further critical analysis of current definitions. The theory of dualism allows us to reopen the debate on religious change. },
  author = {Brechon, Pierre and Campiche, Roland J.},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {162-175},
  title = {Pertinence de la theorie de la dualisation de la religion en Suisse, en France et en Europe (Pertinence of the dualization theory of religion in Switzerland, France and Europe)},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{brechon2002mesurer,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Aux frontières des attitudes : entre le politique et le religieux. Textes en hommage à Guy Michelat},
  editor = {Donegani, Jean-Marie and Duchesne, Sophie and Haegel, Florence},
  isbn = {2-7475-2789-1},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {153-172},
  publisher = {L'Harmattan},
  title = {Mesurer les croyances religieuses},
  url = {http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=12786},
  year = 2002
}

@article{kerkhofs1995western,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Louvain Studies},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {282-293},
  title = {Western European Attitudes to Death and the Hereafter},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 20,
  year = 1995
}

@article{nielsen2014accommodating,
  abstract = {This article discusses the room for accommodating religious diversity offered by the particular configuration of secularity existing in Denmark. Theoretically, the article adopts Jose Casanova and Mark Chaves' proposals to separate analytically between the core elements of secularisation, and to leave open for empirical analyses the development and potential connections between these in different geographical and geo-political contexts.From this perspective, the article discusses the conditions for accommodating religious diversity offered by the peculiar combination prevailing in Denmark of a low level of structural differentiation combined with a high level of rationalisation, generalisation, and privatisation of religion. The article argues that the legal inequality existing in Denmark between religious communities stemming from the existence of a state supported church (i.e. a low level of differentiation) matters less for the accommodation of religious diversity than do widely held and strongly embedded popular sentiments and imaginations of the public sphere as strictly secular (i.e. a high level of rationalisation, generalisation and privatisation of religion).},
  author = {Nielsen, Anne Mark},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.11334},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA3910 ; ZA4950},
  journal = {European Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {245-274},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {Accommodating Religious Pluralism in Denmark},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9371407&fileId=S0003975614000113},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2014
}

@article{kohler2007surveys,
  abstract = {The article uses the so called “internal criteria of representativeness” to assess the unit nonresponse bias in ﬁve European comparative survey projects. It then goes on investigating several ideas why unit nonresponse bias might vary between surveys and countries. It is proposed that unit nonresponse bias is either caused by country characteristics or survey methodology. The empirical evidence presented speaks more in favour of the latter than of the former. Among the survey characteristics the features that strengthen the leverage to control interviewers’ behaviour have top priority.},
  author = {Kohler, Ulrich},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4230 ; 10.4232/1.4063 ; 10.4232/1.3880 ; 10.4232/1.11307},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4230 ; ZA4063 ; ZA3880 ; ZA3811},
  journal = {Survey Research Methods},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {English},
  number = 2,
  pages = {55-67},
  study = {ESS 2002 ; ESS 2004},
  study-id = {EB62.1 ; Euromodule (EQLS) ; ISSP2002 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Surveys from inside : an assessment of unit nonresponse bias with internal criteria},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2007
}

@book{dogan2005political,
  abstract = {This book, prepared under the auspices of the ISA research committee on Comparative Sociology, focuses on a worldwide phenomenon: political mistrust, observable in almost all countries, in both established democracies and in authoritarian regimes.But ubiquity does not signify uniformity. The diversity of political regimes generates a multiplicity of forms and intensities of mistrust. Political mistrust seems inherent even in advanced democracies and in semi-democracies, where citizens are better prepared and more prone to criticize the dysfunctions of institutions and condemn the misconduct of politicians. Political mistrust is greatly nourished in many countries by a wide practice of public corruption. Of particular sociological interest is the vulnerability of political elites and of their frequent condemnation to "civil death".},
  address = {Leiden - Boston},
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 264,
  publisher = {Brill Academic Publishers},
  title = {Political Mistrust and the Discrediting of Politicians},
  year = 2005
}

@book{ester1994individualizing,
  abstract = {This Dutch volume reports the results from the second wave of the European Values Study, data for which were collected in 1990 (first wave: 1981). Aside from the major West European nations (13 in all), the surveys were also carried out in the United States and Canada to provide a richer basis for comparison. The book's concluding chapter presents findings from a replication of the surveys in six countries of the former Eastern Bloc.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {903619833X, 903619993X},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 311,
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  series = {European Values Series},
  title = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  type = {Edited Book},
  url = {http://webapp.uvt.nl/fsw/spitswernaart.information.frmevsseriesdetail?v_id=2},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{basanez2008value,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Basáñez, Miguel and Moreno, Alejandro},
  booktitle = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 12,
  pages = {75-94},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Value Change in Mexico, 1980-2000: Evidence from the World Values Surveys},
  year = 2008
}

@inproceedings{baloban2002otvorenje,
  author = {Baloban, Stjepan},
  booktitle = {Simpozij hrvatskih vjernika laika},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  publisher = {Kranjska sadasnjost},
  title = {Otvorenje socijalnog nauka Crkve u drustvu u Crkvi (Realization of Social Teaching of the Church in Society and Church)},
  type = {Conference Paper},
  year = 2002
}

@incollection{dogan2003religious,
  abstract = {There is no filiation between the agnosticism of intellectual elites in previous centuries and today's decline of religious beliefs in the populace. The analysis is based on several international mass surveys concerning twenty European countries between 1980 and 2000. Religious beliefs are considered as observable social facts. Seven tables bring empirical evidence. The analysis of survey research are preceded by a review of the current sociological literature, particularly in France, on the "crisis of Catholicism", "dechristianisation", "paganisation", "apostasy", and of the papal encyclics and Episcopal declarations.},
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {Research In the Social Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {161-188},
  title = {Religious Beliefs In Europe: Factors of Accelerated Decline},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2003
}

@article{han2013income,
  abstract = {Does the income inequality of a country increase the nationalistic sentiments of its citizens? If so, why do people become more nationalistic when inequality grows? This article answers these questions, which have been historically observed and theoretically suggested, but rarely answered with empirical tests. By borrowing formal models in Shayo (2009) and using a multilevel analysis method with survey data in multiple years, this article shows that income inequality increases the national pride of poor people, which is an essential aspect of nationalistic sentiments, particularly in countries whose lower class has many migrants. This result implies that the link between income inequality, income levels, and nationalistic sentiments may be shaped by other social features such as the level of migration},
  author = {Han, Kyung Joon},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {502 - 521},
  study = {EVS1995 ; EVS2000 ; EVS2005},
  title = {Income Inequality, International Migration, and National Pride: A Test of Social Identification Theory},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{vandenbroek1994eastern,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {van den Broek, Andries and de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Ester, Peter and Halman, Loek and de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9789036199933, 903619833X},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {183-228},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Eastern Europe after 1989},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{davie2001persistence,
  address = {London},
  author = {Davie, G.},
  booktitle = {Peter Berger and the Study of Religion},
  editor = {Woodhead, L. and Heelas, P. and Martin, D.},
  isbn = {415215315},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {101-111},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  title = {The persistence of institutional religion in modern Europe},
  year = 2001
}

@incollection{sammet2012modernisation,
  abstract = {In the course of social modernisation processes, religiosity and church attendance as well as denominational affiliation have  in Europe, at least  declined in many countries (see Müller 2009; Pickel 2009; Berger/Davie/Fokas 2008). This applies to a lesser extent for women: in empirical studies, they demonstrate almost universally higher values than men in terms of church affiliation and attendance, but also of subjective religiosity. These findings are often considered to be due to the fact that women are affected to a supposedly lesser degree by social modernisation. This would imply that integrating them more into modernisation processes would cause religiosity to decrease among women as well. Inglehart and Norris argue, for example, that the transformation in womens lives in modern societies during the twentieth century, generated by widening opportunities in education, the workforce, and public affairs and changes in families, the home, and modern lifestyles, has contributed to this dramatic decline in religiosity (Inglehart/Norris 2005: 57).},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Sammet, Kornelia and Bergelt, Daniel},
  booktitle = {Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and Religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989-2010},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-93326-9_4},
  editor = {Pickel, Gert and Sammet, Kornelia},
  isbn = {978-3-531-17540-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {69-64},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  title = {The Modernisation of Gender Relations and Religion: Comparative Analysis of Secularization Processes},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93326-9_4},
  year = 2012
}

@article{kaufmann2012secularization,
  abstract = {Much of the current debate over secularization in Europe focuses only on the direction of religious change and pays exclusive attention to social causes. Scholars have been less attentive to shifts in the rate of religious decline and to the role of demography notably fertility and immigration. This article addresses both phenomena. It uses data from the European Values Surveys and European Social Survey for the period 1981-2008 to establish basic trends in religious attendance and belief across the 10 countries that have been consistently surveyed. These show that religious decline is mainly occurring in Catholic European countries and has effectively ceased among post-1945 birth cohorts in six Northwestern European societies where secularization began early. It also provides a cohort-component projection of religious affiliation for two European countries using fertility, migration, switching, and age and sex-structure parameters derived from census and immigration data. These suggest that Western Europe may be more religious at the end of our century than at its beginning.},
  author = {Kaufmann, Eric and Goujon, Anne and Skirbekk, Vegard},
  journal = {Sociology of Religion},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {69-91},
  title = {The End of Secularization in Europe? A Socio-Demographic Perspective},
  url = {http://socrel.oxfordjournals.org/content/73/1/69.short},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2012
}

@article{cautres2012multidimensionality,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes if and how citizens' attitudes towards European Union (EU) integration are correlated with their ideological and partisan positioning, using France as a case study. We challenge traditional measures of citizens' support for European integration, which are one-dimensional. We analyze the French samples of the European Election Study (EES 2009) and the European Values Study (EVS 2008) surveys and use multiple correspondence analysis to highlight the multidimensionality of French attitudes towards European integration. To avoid methodological problems typically encountered in correspondence analysis when the variables analyzed are ordinal, we have applied an original adaptation of multiple correspondence analysis proposed by French statisticians. The use of multiple correspondence analysis demonstrates the multidimensionality of attitudes of the French towards the EU. Our results show that the correlation of attitudes towards the EU with the left-right scale or partisan identification is not the same across different dimensions. The most general attitude towards the EU (first dimension) has complex relationships with ideological and partisan positioning. However, concerns expressed with respect to the consequences of European integration in terms of loss of social benefits or those expressed in terms of loss of identity and national culture (second and third dimensions) are clearly related to the left-right scale positioning. In the second and third dimensions identified in the EVS 2008 data, attitudes towards the EU rank the left-right positioning in the expected order. These results show that perception of EU integration by the French citizens is not simple.},
  author = {Cautrès, Bruno},
  issn = {1027-5193},
  journal = {European Integration online  Papers (EIoP)},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = 28,
  title = {Multidimensionality of EU attitudes in France: An issue for the understanding of the politicization of attitudes towards the EU},
  url = {http://www.eiop.or.at/eiop/index.php/eiop/article/view/2012_007a},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{ashford1987family,
  address = {Aldershot, Hants},
  author = {Ashford, Sheena},
  booktitle = {Report of 1986 British Social Attitudes Survey},
  keywords = {1987 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  publisher = {Gower},
  title = {Family Matters},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1987
}

@article{pitlik2015social,
  abstract = {We address empirically trust as a determinant of support for government intervention. The central notion provided in the present paper is that the influence of generalized social trust on intervention attitudes is conditional on the perceived reliability, honesty, and incorruptibility of state actors and of major companies. Starting point is an idea by Aghion, Algan, Cahuc, and Shleifer (2010) that individuals who generally distrust others have a stronger taste for a regulation of economic activities, while people with high interpersonal trust are in favor of less strict regulations and state control. This line of argumentation neglects that (lack of) trust spills over to distrust in both governmental as well as in private institutions. People who tend to (dis-)trust other unknown people also tend to (dis-)trust state actors and private sector actors. Estimating the determinants of interventionist preferences with data from the World Values Survey/European Values Study for approximately 100,000 -115,000 individuals in 37 OECD- and EU-countries, we show that the impact of social trust on government intervention attitudes is conditional on individual confidence in state actors and in companies.},
  author = {Pitlik, Hans and Kouba, Ludek},
  doi = {10.1007/s11127-015-0258-7},
  issn = {1573-7101},
  journal = {Public Choice},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {355-377},
  title = {Does social distrust always lead to a stronger support for government intervention?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0258-7},
  volume = 163,
  year = 2015
}

@article{ayoub2014threat,
  abstract = {This article utilizes original survey and interview data to explore why norms governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights mobilize an active resistance in some cases and not in others. Based on a comparison of Poland and Slovenia, this article shows that differing perceptions of threat define the way international norms are received in distinct domestic realms. Threat perception is heightened in cases where religion is historically embedded in the essence of the popular nation. In Poland, the Catholic Church created a role for itself as a symbol of the nation. There, the domestic opposition succeeded in framing a narrative that linked LGBT rights to external forces threatening national values. By contrast, the Catholic Church in Slovenia could neither maintain nor (re-)establish similarly strong ties to the popular nation, stifling the opposition's ability to mobilize a robust popular resistance. Whether resistance is effectual, however, is a related but separate question. The data suggest that resistance produced in high-threat contexts can be self-defeating in that it enhances the salience of the norm in the domestic setting.},
  author = {Ayoub, P M.},
  doi = {10.1080/14754835.2014.919213},
  issn = {1475-4843},
  journal = {Journal of Human Rights},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {337-362},
  title = {With Arms Wide Shut: Threat Perception, Norm Reception, and Mobilized Resistance to LGBT Rights},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14754835.2014.919213#.VHnResnvbR0},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{delooz1985death,
  address = {Europe-North-America},
  author = {Delooz, P.},
  booktitle = {Pro Mundi Vita Dossiers},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  title = {Death and the Hereafter},
  type = {Book Section},
  volume = 31,
  year = 1985
}

@article{veltri2014three,
  abstract = {One of the most frequently perceived divisions in Italy is that of a substantial cultural discrepancy in the environmental values of the North, the Centre and the South. The recent and prolonged waste crisis in Southern Italy reinforced this common public discourse. There are, however, no recent studies that have explored these alleged differences. This study aims to fill this hiatus by analysing differences across macro-regions in terms of the endorsement of basic environmental values. Differences in environmental values are examined using the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale with a multi-level variance components analysis. The findings suggest that whilst dissimilarities between macro-regions do exist, they are not in fact as significant as might be expected, thus indicating the existence of a national cultural homogeneity in terms of 'primitive' beliefs towards nature and humanity's relationship with it. The findings also highlight the problems of 'Ecological Fallacy' and underscore the complexity of the relationship between values and behaviour. Adapted from the source document},
  author = {Veltri, Giuseppe A.},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {763-793},
  title = {The Myth of 'Three Italies': Differences and Similarities in Environmental Values Between Macro-Regions},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{listhaug1995confidence,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Listhaug, O. and Wiberg, M.},
  booktitle = {Citizens and the State},
  editor = {Klingemann, H D. and Fuchs, D.},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {298-322},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Confidence in political and private institutions},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{borre2002partivalg,
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Borre, Ole},
  booktitle = {Danskernes værdier 1981-1999},
  editor = {Gundelach, Peter},
  isbn = {8741225449},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {195-231},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag A/S},
  title = {Partivalg, politiske værdier og livsverdenens værdier},
  type = {Book Section},
  url = {http://www.hansreitzel.dk/Datterforlag/HansReitzel/hrf.nsf/LM/1F2B90601DD6BB90C1256EBD001192C4},
  year = 2002
}

@article{hauser2007learning,
  abstract = {The learning region: the impact of social capital and weak ties on innovation, Regional Studies 41, 75-88. Theories that emphasize the role of proximity and tacit knowledge in innovation processes highlight the importance of social interaction and networking for the diffusion of knowledge. A concept that captures the impact of human relations on economic activity is social capital. Using factorial analysis with data from the European Values Study (EVS), the multidimensionality of social capital is demonstrated empirically. The obtained independent dimensions serve as inputs in a knowledge production function estimated for a sample of European regions. One of the major results is that the impact of social capital on regional innovation processes is significant and comparable with the importance of human capital. However, not all dimensions of social capital exhibit the same explanatory power. The dimension 'Associational Activity' represents the strongest driving force for patenting activity. Hence, empirical evidence for the significance of weak ties in innovative processes is given.},
  author = {Hauser, C. and Tappeiner, G. and Walde, J.},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {75-88},
  title = {The learning region: The impact of social capital and weak ties on innovation},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2007
}

@incollection{gerard1985religious,
  address = {London},
  author = {Gerard, David},
  booktitle = {Values and Social Change in Britain},
  editor = {Abrams, Mark and Gerard, David and Timms, Noel},
  isbn = {333386779},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {50-92},
  publisher = {Palgrave MacMillan},
  title = {Religious Attitudes and Values},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@inproceedings{nikodem2002uloga,
  address = {Zagreb},
  annotation = {Conference Name: Simpozij hrvatskih vjernika laika, Conference Location: Osijek, Hrvatska},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav},
  booktitle = {Mogućnosti organiziranog djelovanja vjernika laika u Hrvatskoj, Simpozij hrvatskih vjernika laika, Osijek, Hrvatska, 5.- 6.10.2001},
  editor = {Hranic, Djuro},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {643-667},
  publisher = {Kršćanska sadašnjost},
  title = {Uloga znanosti u 21. stoljeću - društvena pristranost postmodernih znanstvenih teorija? (The Role of Science in the 21th Century - Social Prejudice of Postmodern Scientific Theories?)},
  type = {Conference Paper},
  year = 2002
}

@article{stavrova2014religious,
  abstract = {The question of whether religiosity is linked to prosocial behavior is currently hotly debated in psychology. This research contributes to this debate by showing that the nature of individuals' religious orientations and their relationships to prosociality depend on their country's social enforcement of religiosity. Our analyses of data from more than 70 countries indicate that in countries with no social pressure to follow a religion, religious individuals are more likely to endorse an intrinsic religious orientation (Study 1), engage in charity work (Study 2), disapprove of lying in their own interests (Study 3), and are less likely to engage in fraudulent behaviors (Study 4) compared with non-religious individuals. Ironically, in secular contexts, religious individuals are also more likely to condemn certain moral choices than non-religious individuals (Study 2). These effects of religiosity substantially weaken (and ultimately disappear) with increasing national levels of social enforcement of religiosity.},
  author = {Stavrova, Olga and Siegers, Pascal},
  doi = {10.1177/0146167213510951},
  journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {315-333},
  title = {Religious Prosociality and Morality Across Cultures: How Social Enforcement of Religion Shapes the Effects of Personal Religiosity on Prosocial and Moral Attitudes and Behaviors},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167213510951},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{meret2013gender,
  abstract = {The book analyses intersections between gender and diversity through cross-national studies of European public spheres. It explores key questions like to what extent female citizens and migrant/minority groups are included/ excluded in European public spheres and how they contribute to these emerging spheres. Reflections about European equality and diversity issues are based on new research from a large-scale EU project.The theoretical part poses questions of ethno-national diversity and gender from the European context and applies an intersectionality approach to research about the European public spheres. The empirical part contains cross-country and regional case studies comparing the attitudes of collective actors (political parties, NGOs, media) towards gender and ethno-national diversity. It includes studies of the European Women's Lobby, the European Network against Racism and the FEMM Committee in the European Parliament. This book is a must read for students and scholars of Gender Studies, Citizenship and Intersectionality.},
  address = {Hampshire},
  author = {Meret, Susi and Siim, Birte},
  booktitle = {Negotiating Gender and Diversity in an Emergent European Public Sphere},
  editor = {Siim, Birte and Mokre, Monika},
  isbn = {9780230359680},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {78-96},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Gender and Politics},
  title = {Gender, populism and politics of belonging: Discourses of right-wing populist parties in Denmark, Norway and Austria},
  url = {http://www.palgrave.com/page/detail/negotiating-gender-and-diversity-in-an-emergent-european-public-sphere-birte-siim/?k=9780230359680},
  year = 2013
}

@article{yuchtmanyaar2007religious,
  abstract = {This paper addresses the debate concerning the influence of cultural and economic contexts on the adoption of modern values by individual members of society. We have applied for this purpose a multilevel analysis (HLM), using the World Value Survey (WVS) and European Value Survey (EVS) data bank for 36 of the countries included in the 2000 wave. The cultural and economic higher-level variables are represented by religious zones (Protestant, Catholic, Ex-Socialist Catholic and Islamic) and level of economic development (Real Gross Domestic Product per Capita). The individual -level variables include age, gender, schooling and religiousness (N = 51792). The dependent variables consist of two measures: political liberal values (PLV) and social liberal values (SLY). The results of the HLM analysis indicate that although most of the variance in both measures derives from differences in individual characteristics across countries, there is also strong evidence for contextual effects of religious zones and economic development, when each factor is examined by itself. Yet because of multi-colinearity, we cannot estimate the effects of the two higher-level variables independently of each other. We end by discussing the theoretical and methodological implications of our findings.},
  author = {Yuchtman-Yaar, E. and Alkalay, Y.},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {789-807},
  title = {Religious zones, economic development and modern value orientations: Individual versus contextual effects},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2007
}

@article{ljunge2014trust,
  abstract = {Abstract This paper estimates the intergenerational transmission of trust by studying children of immigrants in 29 European countries with ancestry in 87 nations. There is significant transmission of trust on the mother's side, and the transmission is significantly stronger than on the father's side. The transmission is stronger in high trust countries. Building trust in high trust environments is a process lasting generations. Intriguingly, trust transmission is strong also in low trust birth countries if ancestral trust is very high. There is persistence of very high trust in low trusting environments through cultural transmission in the family. },
  author = {Ljunge, Martin},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2014.07.001},
  issn = {0167-2681},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization },
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {175 - 196},
  title = {Trust issues: Evidence on the intergenerational trust transmission among children of immigrants},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268114002029},
  volume = 106,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{arbak2014measuring,
  abstract = {Measuring human capital has been a challenge for economists. In the MENA region, scarcity of comparable and reliable data complicates the task. To overcome this challenge, we rely on an international survey that covers most of the region. In addition to current estimates, we make a forward-looking assessment of how human capital stocks may change in the future. We found human capital stocks are low in most SEMC, except in Israel and Turkey, where returns to education are flat. Despite high attainment levels, Greece, Spain, and Portugal perform poorly, only marginally surpassing the bottom-ranked SEMC. Thus improving attainment levels can produce measurable gains in the future only when the returns to education are high.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Arbak, Emrah},
  booktitle = {Economic and Social Development of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries},
  editor = {Ayadi, Rym and Dabrowski, Marek and De Wulf, Luc},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {267-283},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  title = {Measuring Returns to Education and Human Capital},
  year = 2014
}

@article{baloban2000europsko,
  abstract = {The European Values Study (EVS) was carried out in Croatia for the first time in 1999. The research was lead by Professor Josip Baloban, head of pastoral theology on the faculty of Catholic Theology at the University of Zagreb, in cooperation with some of his colleagues from the same faculty, as well as with colleagues and professors from other scientific social institutions. The project was approved and financed by the Croatian Ministry of Science and Technology. After Croatia's historical turning-point in 1990 and its becoming independent, as well as the end of the war on Croatia (1991-1995), together with the democratic process in society and partly in the Church, the need arises for some religious empirical research in the young state. Prior to this, there had been no socio-religious research free of ideological prejudice. The Catholic Theological Faculty carried out the »Religion and Morality in Croatia« study in 1997/98. The first results have already been published in the scientific magazine Bogoslovska smotra (1998, no. 4), and individual works in later issues of the same Review. In the year 2000 in the Zagreb diocese and in the Đakovo-srijem diocese, an international study was carried out among priests entitled »Priests 2000«. The EVS is the first international study to be carried out by the Catholic Theological Faculty, and was planned to be a three year project which storied in 1999 and will finish in 2002. It is a representative study carried out throughout Croatia on 1003 respondents according to the common European questionnaire obtained from the University of Tilburg. The questionnaire contains 114 questions or scales and a total of 359 variables. The study was done between the 5th and the 29th of April 1999. The results obtained reveal that the majority of respondents declared themselves to be Roman Catholics (84.5%), while 13,2% claimed that the question was irrelevant to the respondent, and the remainder belong to different confessions. In this issue of Bogoslovska Smotra (2000, no. 2) the first results of the study have been published. Presented works relate to the following areas: religion and morality, society and politics, marriage and family life, work and leisure time, sexuality and education. The results are preliminary and partial. Since Croatia was not included in the two previous European Value Studies (1981 and 1990), it was not possible to compare the data from this study to that of the previous European studies. Only results from the Croatian study, »Religion and Morality in Croatia« have been used for partial comparison in the articles. The Croatian research team leading the EVS-99 in Croatia has two desires, or two plans for the next two to three years. One is to do a national study in which results from other European countries of interest to Croatia would be presented. The other is to prepare an English version of the most important articles in connection with EVS-99, to provide the European and world public with some insight into the Croatian values study and its interpretation. Besides this, the researchers hope to present the Church and society with real understanding of basic values in Croatia and their consequences. Finally, the European and in part world situation with respect to modern basic values will be made clearer to them.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {173-183},
  title = {Europsko istraživanje vrednota  - EVS 1999. Podatci za Republiku Hrvatsku. Djelomično izvješće (The European Value Study in Croatia - EVS 1999, Partial Report)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49392},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2000
}

@article{dogan1998decline,
  abstract = {This paper analyses the decline of religious beliefs, of nationalist tendencies and of confidence in institutions. The empirical data gain in substance from the fact that the same trends are observed in many European countries. Sociologically it is possible to show whether God is present or absent from people's minds. Belief in the existence of God is an observable social fact. The decline of nationalism is analysed in terms of national pride, confidence in the army, defeatism and trust of neighbouring European countries. A significant proportion of Europeans do not have confidence in parliament, high administration, parties, unions, corporations and courts.},
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {77-90},
  title = {The Decline of Traditional Values in Western Europe: Religion, Nationalism, Authority},
  volume = 39,
  year = 1998
}

@article{fitzgerald2014searching,
  abstract = {Attitudes toward gay men and lesbians are generally more tolerant in Western than in Eastern Europe. This study uses data from the first five rounds of the European Social Survey to examine acculturation among migrants moving from Eastern Europe to Western Europe, in terms of attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. After controlling for background factors associated with attitudes toward homosexuality, we find evidence of acculturation, whereby attitudes become more tolerant—and more typical of those prevalent in Western Europe—with longer residency in this region. This study builds on existing research into cross-national differences in attitudes toward homosexuality and extends the existing North American literature on acculturation to a European context.},
  author = {Fitzgerald, Rory and Winstone, Lizzy and Prestage, Yvette},
  doi = {10.1093/ijpor/edu021},
  eprint = {http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/3/323.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {323-341},
  title = {Searching for Evidence of Acculturation: Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Among Migrants Moving From Eastern to Western Europe},
  url = {http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/3/323.abstract},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{lindseth1994religion,
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Lindseth, O Helge and Listhaug, Ola},
  booktitle = {Scandinavian Values: Religion and Morality in the Nordic Countries},
  editor = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Riis, Ole},
  isbn = {9155434118},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {85-98},
  publisher = {Almqvist & Wiksell International},
  title = {Religion and Work Values in the 1990's: A Comparative Study of Western Europe and North America},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@incollection{lindseth1994religin,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Lindseth, Odd Helge and Listhaug, Ola},
  booktitle = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y políticos},
  editor = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {469-482},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Religión y valores del trabajo en los noventa: un estudio comparativo de Europa Occidental y Estados Unidos},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@article{nesporova2014roadside,
  abstract = {This article provides a comparison of roadside memorials in two European post-communist countries, namely the Czech Republic and Romania. The number of memorials, dedicated to the victims of sudden death, often resulting from traffic accidents, has seen a significant increase in both countries over the last two decades. As the phenomenon appears to be assuming worldwide proportions, the authors have chosen to focus on a comparison of two societies which have widely different approaches towards death and religion. Whereas in the Czech Republic roadside memorials have more to do with the memory of the dead in the here and now, in Romania they are closely interlinked with religious practices and beliefs regarding the soul and the afterlife. Roadside memorials thus reflect the progressive secularisation of Czech society and a religious revival in Romania. },
  author = {Nesporová, Olga and Stahl, Irina},
  doi = {10.1080/13576275.2013.870543},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576275.2013.870543},
  journal = {Mortality},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {22-40},
  title = {Roadside memorials in the Czech Republic and Romania: memory versus religion in two European post-communist countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576275.2013.870543    },
  volume = 19,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{moreno2003corruption,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Moreno, Alejandro},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {265-277},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Corruption and Democracy: A Cultural Assessment},
  year = 2003
}

@article{stavrova2015single,
  abstract = {Although the question of whether parenthood is generally beneficial for well-being is currently being hotly debated in the social sciences, single parents are nearly unanimously assumed to be worse off than their partnered counterparts. The present research questions this finding by demonstrating that whether single parents are actually less happy than partnered parents depends on a country’s cultural norms regarding childbearing practices. Using two large-scale international data sets (the European Values Study [EVS] and the European Social Survey [ESS]) covering altogether 43 countries, we show that only in collectivist countries and countries with a strong two-parent family norm did parenthood negatively affect the life satisfaction and the emotional well-being of single but not partnered (married or cohabiting) individuals. Most notably, the detrimental effect of a country’s social norm of a two-parent family existed even among single parents who did not share this norm themselves.},
  author = {Stavrova, Olga and Fetchenhauer, Detlef},
  doi = {10.1177/0022022114551160},
  issn = {0022-0221},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {134-149},
  title = {Single parents, unhappy parents? Parenthood, partnership, and the cultural normative context.},
  url = {http://jcc.sagepub.com/content/46/1/134.full.pdf+html},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{astor2014gographie,
  author = {Astor, Sandrine and Dompnier, Nathalie},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Européens: Évolutions et Clivages},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200291556},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {14-29},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  title = {Une géographie des valeurs familiales en Europe},
  year = 2014
}

@book{nicolas1994tendencias,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Nicolás, J Díez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  editor = {Nicolas, Juan Diez and Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {8481120227},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Fundesco},
  title = {Tendencias mundiales de cambio en los valores sociales y politicos},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1994
}

@article{riis1996religionen,
  author = {Riis, Ole},
  journal = {Norks statvitenskabeligt tidsskrift},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {95-112},
  title = {Religionen og det europaeiske faelleskab},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 2,
  year = 1996
}

@article{camarero2014marriage,
  abstract = {The objective of this study is to identify and describe the existing ideals regarding marriage or long-term coupling in Europe during the first decade of the twenty-first century and to measure their prevalence in the population. To obtain this broad picture we have developed a typology of marriages based on data from the 2008-2010 European Values Study and inspired by Louis Roussel's models. Two criteria have been used to classify evaluative opinions on marriage and construct the ideal types: the nature and function of the bond between partners. The first criterion, the nature of the relationship, differentiates those who favour an Alliance model (42.2% of Europeans), a Fusion model (38.1%) and an Association model (19.5%). In turn, within each ideal type, marriage can be conceived as being necessary or contingent. Combining both criterion results in a typology of six ideal types representing a broad spectrum; at the extremes we find the apparently outdated Institutional marriage supported by 27.8% of the population and an emerging ideal known as the Pure-relationship, supported by 8.4% of Europeans.},
  author = {Camarero, Mercedes},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2013.878097},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {443-461},
  title = {Marriage in Europe: Ideal types of marriage in the first decade of the twenty-first century},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2013.878097},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{kerkhofs1995europa,
  address = {Leuven},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  booktitle = {Brug of Breuk?},
  editor = {Akhandas, Anissa and Alexander, Katrien and Corthout, Sven and Declerq, Tijl and Reynaert, Bie and van Dael, Daniël and Verlinden, Peter},
  isbn = {9061529166},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {121-133},
  publisher = {Davidsfonds},
  title = {Europa: Bolwerk of Brug?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1995
}

@article{brechon2004lhritage,
  abstract = {The Christian legacy of Europe appears first in the large and globalizationresistant gap which distinguishes European countries of Catholic culture from those of Protestant culture. By analysing the European Values Survey data, the author then shows the ways in which this legacy varies from one generation to another: the older generations remain more deeply influenced by the Christian system than the younger ones. By comparing the 1981, 1990 and 1999 data by cohorts, the author points out the complexity of evolutions: with the replacement of generations, religion very often seems to be of decreasing relevance, but the young recompose elements of religiosity in forms that are often loose, far from the great narratives and dogmas of institutions. Thus only minorities build an entire system of attitudes strongly influenced by a religious or anti-religious identity. The increase in loose religious identities among the majority has not led to the dulling of conviction among the minorities.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {203-219},
  title = {L'héritage Chrétien De L'Europe Occidentale: Qu'en Ont Fait Les Nouvelles Générations? [Christian Heritage of Western Europe: What have the New Generations Done?]},
  url = {http://scp.sagepub.com/content/51/2/203.short},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2004
}

@article{kanol2012explaining,
  abstract = {In this paper, the author attempts to explain why there is no Green Party in the northern part of Cyprus. Since the public opinion surveys give a blurred picture to the researcher trying to solve the puzzle, the author relies on in-depth qualitative interviews. Findings suggest that the Cyprus problem, economic problems and low trust in the output legitimacy of the system are the main variables to explain Green Party absence in northern Cyprus. The finding on the impact of the belief in the deliverability of the political system on Green Party formation stands out as a proposition that has to be tested in other cases as this has not yet been discussed in new party formation literature},
  author = {Kanol, Direnc},
  journal = {The Cyprus Review},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {39-54},
  title = {Explaining Green Party Absence in Northern Cyprus},
  url = {http://works.bepress.com/direnc_kanol/2/},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2012
}

@inproceedings{netscher2011transferring,
  abstract = {In the context of an eroding concept of nation state, according to the political coalescence and the enlargement of the European Union, the aim of the present paper is to focus on the political interest of EU-migrants, due to existing differences in the political systems of the country of origin and Germany. Based on a common model of citizens’ political interest, general findings are transmitted to the analysis of immigrants. It can be shown that socio-demographics are less powerful predictors. In contrast, the time of residence and the political socialization of the so-called first generation of EU-migrants are discussed as explanatory variables. The empirical results indicate that system ifferences matter in explaining immigrants’ political interest.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 26. Fassung, Februar 2012},
  address = {Prague},
  author = {Netscher, Sebastian},
  availability = {18.01.2012},
  booktitle = {6th Global Conference: Pluralism, Inclusion and Citizenship},
  eventdate = {11.03.2011},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  label = {00616},
  language = {english},
  study = {ALLBUS2002-2008 ; ESS 2002-2008 ; EVS2008 ; EES2004 ; CSES 2003 ; CSES 2007 ; CSES 2010 ; IDEA 2005 ; Eurostat 2008)},
  title = {Transferring Knowledge: EU-Migrants and their Levels of Political Interest},
  url = {http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/netscherppaper.pdf},
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{dogan2000nationalism,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Dogan, M.},
  booktitle = {Societies Corporations and the Nation-State},
  editor = {Scheuch, E. and Sciulli, D.},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {181-200},
  publisher = {Brill Academic Publishers},
  series = {Annals of the International Institute of Sociology},
  title = {Nationalism in Europe: Decline in the West, Revival in the East},
  year = 2000
}

@article{adam2008mapping,
  abstract = {Two sets of issues are elaborated and reflected on. The first one concerns thedistribution of stocks of social capital across European (EU) nations. Using theconventional proxies like trust and associational involvement on the basis of data fromcross-national surveys (European Values Study and European Social Survey as well asfrom Eurobarometer), the main tentative trends and patterns are outlined. The second setof issues refers to the quality and credibility of data. Concerning the first issue, it ispossible to speak of four groups of countries with regard to the distribution of social capitalat the European level. In contrast to authors who argue that there are no large differencesin mean scores across the national patterns, this analysis arrived at more differentiatedconclusions. Between the first and fourth groups, a very clear borderline can be drawn,while differences between the second and third groups are not so pronounced. In the contextof the thematizing and critical reflection of the validity and comparability of theempirical evidence, some errors and inconsistencies were found. It seems that they appearedin part due to the inappropriate technical design of cross-national surveys and in partbecause of the countries-specific semantic-cultural as well as institutional factors, whichdid receive much attention either in the stage of preparing and conducting the survey or inthe phase of interpreting and generalizing of the data.},
  author = {Adam, Frane},
  journal = {Social Science Information},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {159-186},
  title = {Mapping social capital across Europe: findings, trends and methodological shortcomings of cross-national surveys},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{lambert1993jeunes,
  abstract = {Les données rassemblées par l'A. permettent de mesurer l'ampleur de l'effondrement de l'adhésion chrétienne auprès des jeunes, en France et en Europe. S'agit-il d'une sortie de la religion ou d'une redéfinition en profondeur de la croyance ? Quelle que soit l'hypothèse retenue, le déplacement en cours exige par sa portée d'être restitué à l'échelle d'une histoire longue, plaide l'A.},
  address = {Lagny},
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  booktitle = {Le debat (=journal)},
  editor = {Gallimard},
  isbn = {0246-2346},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  number = 75,
  pages = {63-80},
  publisher = {Sodis},
  title = {Les jeunes et le christianisme: le grand defi},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1993
}

@techreport{pastore2013labora,
  abstract = {This paper examines the influence of religion on female participation to the labor market using data relative to women aged between 18 and 60 years in 47 European countries drawn from the European Values Study (EVS). We investigate the determinants of the probability of being employed rather than jobless in a LOGIT framework. The results show that women belonging to the Orthodox and, even more, Muslim denominations present a higher risk of non-employment than the agnostics, while being a Protestant increases the probability for a woman to be employed. Although its intensity is slightly weakening, the association between religious affiliation and female labor supply is robust to different sets of controls for individual and household heterogeneity as well as for welfare regimes and country specificities. Once disentangling religiously active and non-active women, we find that there are small differences between them in the case of the Orthodox and Muslim women, while active Catholic women tend to work less and non-active Protestant women tend to work more than average.},
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {Pastore, Francesco and Tenaglia, Simona},
  institution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english techreport},
  number = 7356,
  series = {IZA Discussion Paper},
  title = {Ora et non Labora? A Test of the Impact of Religion on Female Labor Supply},
  url = {http://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/80551},
  year = 2013
}

@article{capraro1992valori,
  author = {Capraro, Giuseppe},
  journal = {Presbyteri},
  keywords = {1992 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 9,
  pages = {679-702},
  title = {I valori degli italiani nel contesto europeo},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = {XXVI},
  year = 1992
}

@article{voicu2014socialization,
  abstract = {Two explanations, institutionalization and socialization, are generally used to explain the impact of social context on how much one trusts others. This paper uses the case of international immigrants to show that the two assumptions are complementary. Cross-classified multilevel models fitted on EVS 2008-2009 data prove that immigrants' levels of social trust depend on one hand on the culture of trust in the country of origin, and on the other hand on the culture of trust in the host society. While the host is generally salient, the outcome is shaped by structural conditions. In a host society rich in immigrants, the impact of the local culture increases. A country of origin dependent on remittances tends to be more influential. Coming from a country poorer in social trust to a more trustful one boosts immigrants' likelihood to trust others.},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  issn = {1582-4551},
  journal = {Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review },
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {201-220},
  title = {Socialization and Institutionalization Effects on Immigrants’ Social Trust},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-445743},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2014
}

@inproceedings{gheorghita2014religious,
  abstract = {Worldwide there is a transformation of religion, professional studies supporting the existence of religious vitality in most countries of the modern world. In this global trend of increased religiosity, religious life of Western Europe becomes an exception, registering a decline of religious beliefs and practices, but also a gradual decrease of the influence of faith institutions both individually and socially. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the current religious landscape of Western Europe, both by identifying the beliefs, values and religious behaviors as well as by establishing the role of the globalization process.},
  address = {Tîrgu-Mureş},
  author = {Gheorghită, Veronica},
  booktitle = {International Conference Globalization, Intercultural Dialogue and National Identity, 29-30 May 2014, Tîrgu-Mureş, Mureş},
  editor = {Boldea, Iulian},
  isbn = {978-606-93691-3-5},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = {35-53},
  publisher = {Arhipelag XXI Press},
  series = {Globalization and Intercultural Dialogue: Multidisciplinary Perspectives},
  title = {Religious transformations in Western Europe in the globalization context},
  url = {http://www.upm.ro/gidni/GIDNI-01/GIDNI%2001%20-%20Psyhology%20and%20Sociology.pdf#page=35},
  year = 2014
}

@article{kamerade2016civil,
  abstract = {To contribute to the debate as to whether volunteering is an outcome of democratization rather than a driver of it, we analyze how divergent democratization pathways in six countries of the former Soviet Union have led to varied levels of volunteering. Using data from the European Values Study, we find that Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia - which followed a Europeanization path - have high and increasing levels of civil liberties and volunteering. In Russia and Belarus, following a pre-emption path, civil liberties have remained low and volunteering has declined. Surprisingly, despite the Orange Revolution and increased civil liberties, volunteering rates in Ukraine have also declined. The case of Ukraine indicates that the freedom to participate is not always taken up by citizens. Our findings suggest it is not volunteering that brings civil liberties, but rather that increased civil liberties lead to higher levels of volunteering.},
  author = {Kamerāde, Daiga and Crotty, Jo and Ljubownikow, Sergej},
  doi = {10.1177/0899764016649689},
  eprint = {http://nvs.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/05/18/0899764016649689.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Civil liberties and Volunteering in Six Former Soviet Union Countries},
  url = {http://nvs.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/05/18/0899764016649689.abstract},
  year = 2016
}

@article{koneke2014trust,
  author = {Köneke, Vanessa},
  doi = {10.1186/1472-6939-15-86},
  journal = {BMC Medical Ethics},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 86,
  pages = {1-17},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  title = {Trust increases euthanasia acceptance: a multilevel analysis using the European Values Study},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-15-86},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{kanji1996unpacking,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Kanji, Mebs and Nevitte, Neil and Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {Political Value Change in Western Democracies: Integration, Values, Identification and Participation},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {9036197171},
  keywords = {1996 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {285-310},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  title = {Unpacking Environmental Orientations: Deep or Superficial?},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1996
}

@article{pierewan2014happiness,
  abstract = {Most studies of well-being use happiness or health as a single outcome. They either explain happiness in terms of health (and other factors) or conversely explain health in terms of happiness. Moreover, only a few studies include contextual explanations of well-being. This study investigates the individual, regional and national covariations in happiness and health. In doing so, we use multivariate multilevel model to explain happiness and health. We study 47 countries across Europe using the 2008 European Values Study. The problem of missing data has been solved using multilevel multiple imputation. We find that the determinants of both happiness and health are quite similar. At individual, regional and national levels, happiness and health are positively correlated. Being married, being educated, and being affluent are positively associated with being happy and being healthy. Conversely, individual unemployment and regional unemployment rates are negatively associated with happiness and health},
  author = {Pierewan, Adi Cilik and Tampubolon, Gindo},
  doi = {10.1007/s11482-014-9309-3},
  issn = {1871-2576},
  journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {237-252},
  title = {Happiness and Health in Europe: A Multivariate Multilevel Model},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-014-9309-3},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2014
}

@article{schweisguth1995citoyens,
  author = {Schweisguth, Etienne},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {161-165},
  title = {Les citoyens et le bien commun},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 200,
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{demoor1985huwelijk,
  address = {Baarn},
  author = {de Moor, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Huwelijk en Gezin, Wat is hun Toekomst in West-Europa},
  editor = {de Moor, Ruud},
  isbn = {9026307020},
  keywords = {1985 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {10-23},
  publisher = {Ambo},
  title = {Huwelijk en Gezin in West-Europa, Enkele Gegevens (x- Marriage and The Family in Western Europe, Some Figures)},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1985
}

@phdthesis{motiejunaite2008female,
  abstract = {Gendered patterns of work have changed radically over recent decades in Europe. Two different directions have been observed. In Western Europe, employment rates for women with small children have increased rapidly. In contrast, in Eastern Europe the collapse of socialism ushered in an opposing trend, towards the decreasing employment of women. However, while the trend in Western Europe has been accompanied by an increasing public acceptance of non-traditional roles for females in Eastern Europe, the economic changes seem to have evoked a renaissance of traditional gender roles. Consequently, normative beliefs regarding a gendered division of work have often been considered as being among the forces underpinning female inclusion in/exclusion from the labour market. While analysing the interrelationships between female employment, gender roles, and societal ideals regarding the gendered division of work, the studies collected in this book call into question these assumptions.},
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Motiejunaité, Akvilė},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.2620 ; 10.4232/1.11564},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA2620 ; ZA3880},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  pages = 141,
  publisher = {Stockholm University},
  series = {Stockholm Studies in Sociology. N.S., No. 29},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP2002},
  title = {Female Employment, Gender Roles, and Attitudes: The Baltic Countries in a Broader Context },
  type = {Ph.D. dissertation},
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{rousell1994famille,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Rousell, L.},
  booktitle = {Les Valeurs des Français},
  editor = {Riffault, Hélène},
  keywords = {1994 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro french incollection},
  pages = {35-84},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de France},
  title = {La famille},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1994
}

@book{baloban2014vrednote,
  abstract = {Knjiga je plod četvrtoga vala European Values Study – 2008 istraživanja i predstavlja nastojanje pozicioniranja Hrvatske na vrijednosnoj karti Europe među 47 istraživanih zemalja. Specifičnost EVS-a za Hrvatsku očituje se u interdisciplinarnoj suradnji znanstvenika Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Već od 1998. godine do danas na EVS projektu s posebnom akribijom i znanstvenom odgovornošću sudjeluju teolozi i sociolozi, psiholozi, politolozi i metodičari, znanstvenici više sastavnica Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, ali i šire. Područja istraživanja su odnos religije i morala, društva i politike, braka i obiteljskog života ; ZAtim uloga spolova, rad i slobodno vrijeme, seksualnost i obrazovanje. Knjiga je sastavljena od triju dijelova. Prvi i treći sadrže dva poglavlja, a drugi i sadrži četiri poglavlja. U svim su poglavljima u analizu, osim Hrvatske, uključene i zemlje bivše federacije (BiH, Srbija, Slovenija, Crna Gora, Makedonija i Kosovo) te Hrvatskoj susjedne zemlje (Mađarska, Austrija i Italija). Iz perspektive izdavača ove knjige – a izdavači su Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Kršćanska sadašnjost – valja naglasiti da je ova suradnja na tragu dijaloške otvorenosti, odnosno na tragu Drugoga vatikanskog sabora koji je u pastoralnoj praksi Crkve tražio ne samo priznanje i primjenu načela teologije, nego i otkrića neteoloških znanosti, prije svega psihologije i sociologije.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip and Nikodem, Krunoslav and Zrinščak, Siniša},
  isbn = {978-953-11-0894-2},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 484,
  publisher = {Kršćanska sadašnjost, KBF Sveučilišta u Zagrebu},
  title = {Vrednote u Hrvatskoj i u Europi: komparativna analiza},
  year = 2014
}

@book{halman2005atlas,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, L. and Luijkx, R. and Zundert, M van},
  isbn = {9789004144606, 9004144609},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 140,
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {The atlas of European values},
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{dobbelaere1993church,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel},
  booktitle = {Secularization, Rationalism and Sectarianism: Essays in Honour of Bryan R. Wilson},
  editor = {Barker, Eileen and Beckford, J A. and Dobbelaere, Karel},
  isbn = {198277210},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {19-36},
  publisher = {Clarendon Press.},
  title = {Church Involvement and Secularization: Making Sense of the European Case},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1993
}

@article{lambert2006trends,
  abstract = {The 1981 and 1990 European Values Surveys showed a decline for almost all religious variables, a decline even sharper among young people. except for belief in an afterlife. The younger the respondents. the less religious they were likely to be. These results confirmed the thesis of increasing secularization in Europe and the West. However. the most recent. 1999 survey shows this downward trend to be counterbalanced by two other tendencies: internal Christian renewal and increased "believing without belonging". both phenomena that are clearly more developed among young people. The respective strengths of these three developments vary by country surveyed. The same phenomena are even more pronounced in Eastern European (former communist bloc) countries and in Russia. once again particularly among young people. The changes may be interpreted as a turning point after the break with religiosity that characterized the 1960s and 70s.},
  author = {Lambert, Y.},
  journal = {Revue française de sociologie},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {99-129},
  title = {Trends in religious feeling in Europe and Russia},
  url = {http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_REVUE=RFS&ID_NUMPUBLIE=RFS_475&ID_ARTICLE=RFS_475_0099},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2006
}

@phdthesis{verweij1998secularisering,
  author = {Verweij, J.A.},
  keywords = {1998 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  title = {Secularisering tussen feit en fictie. Een internationaal vergelijkend onderzoek naar determinanten van religieuze betrokkenheid},
  year = 1998
}

@article{barker1993sexualitt,
  author = {Barker, D G. and Timms, Noel},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für medizinische Ethik},
  keywords = {1993 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  title = {Sexualität im gesellschaflichen Kontext},
  type = {Journal Article},
  volume = 39,
  year = 1993
}

@incollection{muffels2013money,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Muffels, Ruud and Skugor, Daniela and Dingemans, Ellen},
  booktitle = {Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: painting Europe's Moral Landscapes},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004254619},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 15,
  pages = {375-401},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {If money does not by much happiness, what does? A multilevel analysison the impact of absolute and relative income, social values and modernization on subjective well-being in Europe},
  url = {http://www.brill.com/products/book/value-contrasts-and-consensus-present-day-europe},
  year = 2013
}

@article{marozzi2015construction,
  abstract = {Keywords: Composite indicator Tolerance towards immigrants Prejudice against immigrants Uncertainty analysis Monte Carlo methods In contemporary globalization, migrations to Europe have accelerated in speed and scale. Over the last decades, there has been an increase in negative attitudes towards immigration, and many studies have emphasized marked differences in the strength of anti-immigrant attitudes among European countries. However, very few studies performed a rigorous statistical assessment of the issue. A new index measuring the level of perceived threat from immigrants is proposed and applied to a data set covering 47 European countries and regions. The results show that Malta and Cyprus have the strongest perception of socio-economic threat from immigrants, followed by Austria, Great Britain, Northern Ireland and Hungary, and that the countries/regions with the weakest perception of threat are Armenia, Sweden, Romania and Northern Cyprus. It is shown that the proposed index has many theoretical and practical advantages over the existing indexes of perceived threat from immigrants. The robustness of the index is assessed using uncertainty analysis. It is very important for policy makers to monitor the level of perceived socio-economic threat from immigrants because negative attitudes towards immigrants make integration difficult and affect social capital, a key aspect of societal wellbeing and economic development. Monitoring is the basis for further political measures aimed at fostering immigrant integration. The proposed index is a useful monitoring tool, an entry point for the ongoing debate on tolerance and can spark further research for a better understanding of the issue.},
  author = {Marozzi, Marco},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-015-1037-z},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {413-437},
  title = {Construction, Robustness Assessment and Application of an Index of Perceived Level of Socio-Economic Threat from Immigrants: A Study of 47 European Countries and Regions},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1037-z},
  volume = 128,
  year = 2015
}

@book{stoetzel1983pensamos,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Stoetzel, Jean},
  keywords = {1983 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {MAPFRE S.A.},
  title = {Que pensamos nos Europeos?},
  type = {Book},
  year = 1983
}

@incollection{schnell2013construction,
  address = {Vienna},
  author = {Schnell, Tajana and Keenan, W J.F.},
  booktitle = {Constructs of Meaning and Religious Transformation. Current Issues in the Psychology of Religion},
  editor = {Westerink, Herman},
  isbn = {978-3-8471-0099-7},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  number = 4,
  pages = {101-118},
  publisher = {V&R unipress},
  series = {Religion and Transformation in Contemporary European Society},
  title = {The Construction of Atheist Spirituality: A Survey-Based Study},
  url = {http://www.v-r.de/de/title-1-1/constructs_of_meaning_and_religious_transformation-1010846/},
  year = 2013
}

@article{golubovic2014comparative,
  author = {Golubovic, Natasa and Dzunic, Marija and Marinkovic, Srdjan},
  doi = {10.5937/industrija42-5375},
  journal = {Industrija},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {71-92},
  publisher = {Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science},
  title = {A comparative analysis of social capital in the western Balkan countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5937/industrija42-5375},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{nevitte2007individualization,
  abstract = {After reviewing the major variations in how individualization is interpreted and explained, this article turns to the World Values Survey (WVS) data to empirically investigate one central aspect of individualization, namely, the connection between religiosity and moral values. That analysis demonstrates, first, that rates of decline in levels of religiosity in most advanced industrial states have been quite modest. The rate of change in moral outlooks, by contrast, has been much more striking. Those two core findings, we argue, draw attention to the question of what explains these cross-national and cross-time variations. The remainder of the article empirically explores a variety of plausible explanations. The results of that analysis reveal not only significant variations between European and North American publics, but also that associational behavior plays a significant role in gearing the dynamics of individualization.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Nevitte, Neil and Cochrane, Christopher},
  booktitle = {Measuring and Mapping Cultures: 25 Years of Comparative Value Surveys},
  editor = {Esmer, Yilmaz and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  isbn = {9004158200},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {99-126},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {Individualization in Europe and America: Connecting Religious and Moral Values},
  year = 2007
}

@article{duque2013atitude,
  author = {Duque, Eduardo},
  issn = {2182-1879},
  journal = {Plataforma Barómetro Social},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article other},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = 3,
  publisher = {Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Letras. Instituto de Sociologia},
  title = {Atitude dos jovens portugueses face à religião},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1822/25399},
  year = 2013
}

@article{kerkhofs1995relevantie,
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan},
  journal = {Ethiek en Beleid, Scoop},
  keywords = {1995 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  pages = {369-381},
  title = {De Relevantie van het Europees Waardenonderzoek voor de Politiek (x- The Relevance of the European Values Study for Politics)},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 1995
}

@incollection{masso2014between,
  author = {Masso, Jaan and Espenberg, Kerly and Masso, Anu and Mierina, Inta and Philips, Kaia},
  booktitle = {Changing Inequalities and Societal Impacts in Rich Countries},
  doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199687428.003.0005},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english incollection},
  month = jan,
  pages = {96-125},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press ({OUP})},
  title = {Between Economic Growth and Social Justice},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199687428.003.0005},
  year = 2014
}

@article{biolcatirinaldi2013partecipazione,
  abstract = {The debate over religious change in Italy is far from having reached unanimous conclusions: some scholars underline an unbroken trend toward a decrease of religiosity, while other scholars highlight the signs of a religious revival especially in younger generations. Beside difficulties of definitions, such different conclusions are also due to the lack of information on a sufficiently long period of time. In the paper this problem is tackled developing a pooled analysis of repeated cross-section surveys that spans over four decades. Using different studies (Eurobarometer ; ISSP ; EVS, Ess, Itanes - Italian National Election Studies, Istat Multipurpose Household Survey), the article analyzes secularization trend in Italy on the basis of church attendance, that despite well-founded criticism keeps being a vital indicator of this phenomenon. Our results show that the trend of attendance to the mass in Italy has decreased since the 1960s until today, despite a period of stability at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. The overall trend looks like a lying «S» trend (decrease up to the Seventies, stability in the Eighties, decrease afterwards in the 2000s). Thus the revival hypothesis is not corroborated.},
  author = {Biolcati-Rinaldi, Ferruccio and Vezzoni, Cristiano},
  issn = {0486-0349},
  journal = {Rassegna italiana di sociologia},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {55-88},
  title = {Partecipazione alla messa e cambiamento religioso in Italia (1968-2010). Dibattito teorico, problemi metodologici e risultati empirici [Church attendance and religious change in Italy (1968-2010). Theoretical debate, methodological issues and empirical results]},
  url = {http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=27853915},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2013
}

@book{welzel2013freedom,
  abstract = {This book presents a comprehensive theory of why human freedom gave way to increasing oppression since the invention of states – and why this trend began to reverse itself more recently, leading to a rapid expansion of universal freedoms and democracy. Drawing on a massive body of evidence, the author tests various explanations of the rise of freedom, providing convincing support of a well-reasoned theory of emancipation. The study demonstrates multiple trends toward human empowerment, which converge to give people control over their lives. Most important among these trends is the spread of “emancipative values,” which emphasize free choice and equal opportunities. The author identifies the desire for emancipation as the origin of the human empowerment trend and shows when and why this desire grows strong; why it is the source of democracy; and how it vitalizes civil society, feeds humanitarian norms, enhances happiness, and helps redirect modern civilization toward sustainable development.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Welzel, Christian},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; ISSP},
  title = {Freedom rising: human empowerment and the quest for emancipation},
  year = 2013
}

@article{inglehart2005exploring,
  abstract = {This article argues that cultural change is roughly predictable: to a large extent, it is shaped by a few variables included in a model of cultural modernization that is presented here. The beliefs and values of a society's people are also affected by unique world events and country-specific factors that would not fit into a general model, such as a given society's political parties and leaders, so our predictions will not be precisely accurate. Nevertheless, in this article we will stick our necks out and predict the locations on two major cultural dimensions of all the countries likely to be included in the next wave of the World Values Survey, to be carried out in 2005/2006. Using a simple predictive model based on our revised version of modernization theory, we first "predict" and test the positions that 80 societies should have on a two major dimensions of cross-cultural variation in the most recent wave of surveys (carried out in 1999/2001); we find that our predictions are surprisingly accurate: the average prediction for a given country falls within a small radius of the location that is actually observed on the cross-cultural map (specifically: the average prediction and the actual location fall within a circle that occupies less than two percent of the map's area). We then use this same model to predict the survey responses that we expect to find for 120 countries that are most likely to be surveyed in the next wave of surveys, in 2005/2006. Almost half of these countries have not been included in our previous surveys (and a number have never been covered in any survey of which we are aware). These are genuine blind predictions / which we believe is an important challenge for social scientists. Our predictions will not be exactly correct; in some cases, they will not even be in the right ballpark. But we are confident that in the great majority of cases, they will come much closer to the observed results than would random guesses. We are confident that these a priori predictions will be reasonably close to the results obtained from actual fieldwork, because analysis of data from more than 60 societies surveyed in previous waves of the World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys indicates that cross-cultural differences in basic values have a surprisingly consistent relationship with economic development. The values and beliefs of mass publics vary a great deal cross-nationally, but they tend to vary in a roughly predictable way that can be derived from a revised version of modernization theory},
  author = {Inglehart, R. and Welzel, C.},
  journal = {International Review of Sociology},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {173-201},
  title = {Exploring the Unknown: Predicting the Responses of Publics not yet Surveyed},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{vandecasteele2004privatization,
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Vandecasteele, Leen and Billiet, Jaak},
  booktitle = {European Values at the Turn of the Millennium},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9004139818},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  number = 7,
  pages = {205-229},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Privatization in the Family Sphere: Longitudinal and Comparative Analyses in Four European Countries},
  year = 2004
}

@book{pettersson2008changing,
  abstract = {In 1981, the European and World Values surveys started the empirical investigation of cultural values on a global scale. This volume builds upon the findings of these surveys and analyzes value change in a number of key countries around the globe. The authors track value change and stability in their respective countries during the last decade (the last two decades where data are available) of the 20th century. All authors have been actively involved in value surveys and have a great deal of expertise in countries that they write on. Thus, the volume is a valuable complement to studies that deal with the topic from a global perspective without providing any detail about individual societies. The countries covered are: Argentina, Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, the Netherlands, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the United States.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Pettersson, Thorleif and Esmer, Yilmaz},
  isbn = {9004162341},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book english},
  number = 12,
  pages = 388,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change},
  year = 2008
}

@article{tomka2002werteprferenzen,
  annotation = {In: Denz, Hermann (ed.): Die europäische Seele. Leben und Glauben in Europa. Wien},
  author = {Tomka, Miklos},
  journal = {Czernin},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  pages = {179-203},
  title = {Wertepräferenzen in Ost und West},
  type = {Journal Article},
  year = 2002
}

@article{wolbrecht2007leading,
  abstract = {One argument advanced in favor of descriptive representation is that female politicians serve as role models, inspiring other women to political activity. While previous research finds female role models affect women's psychological engagement, few studies report an impact on women's active participation, and none have done so in cross-national research. Our work also is the first to consider whether the impact of female role models is, as the term implies, greater among the young. Using three cross-national datasets, we find that where there are more female members of parliament (MPs), adolescent girls are more likely to discuss politics with friends and to intend to participate in politics as adults, and adult women are more likely to discuss and participate in politics. The presence of female MPs registers the same effect on political discussion regardless of age, but the impact on women's political activity is far greater among the young than the old.},
  author = {Wolbrecht, C. and Campbell, D E.},
  journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {921-939},
  title = {Leading by example: Female members of parliament as political role models},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2007
}

@article{torgler2005attitudes,
  abstract = {People mostly pay their taxes although there is a low probability of getting caughtand being penalized. Thus, new attempts in the tax compliance literature try to go beyondstandard economic theory. This paper examines citizens attitudes toward paying taxes  whatis sometimes termed their tax morale, or the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes. Tax moralemay be a key determinant to explain why people are honest. However, there are very fewpapers that explore the concept of tax morale theoretically and empirically. This study, basedon the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey, therefore attempts to fill thisgap in the literature, focusing on tax morale in Austria. Societal variables such as trust or pridehave been identified as key determinants that shape tax morale in Austria. Furthermore, alower perceived compliance leads to a decrease of tax morale, which indicates that socialcomparisons are relevant. The results also show a decrease of tax morale between 1990 and1999, although Austrias taxpayers still have a very high tax morale compared to otherEuropean countries.},
  author = {Torgler, Benno and Schneider, Friedrich},
  journal = {Empirica},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {231-250},
  title = {Attitudes Towards Paying Taxes in Austria: An Empirical Analysis},
  url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/220854355?accountid=14338},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2005
}

@article{agadjanian2006search,
  abstract = {The author analyses major trends in the recent religious history of Russia by drawing upon one particular episode-a controversial art exhibit accused in court of being sacrilegious. Religion (most importantly, Russian Orthodoxy) has been increasingly active in the public square in the post-Communist context which was favourable, though often selectively, to religion. A sharp opposition has revived between secular liberal and religious discourses where religion is thematized as a grand narrative representing national values. Yet another trend, which is in line with late modern religious patterns found in Western Europe, consists of the emergence of a highly privatized, individual, diffused religiosity. This mixed picture questions established notions of private and public religion and reveals new modes of interaction between secular and religious forces in the 21st century.L'auteur analyse les tendances majeures de l'histoire recente religieuse russe a partir d'un cas particulier, une exposition artistique controversee, accusee d'etre sacrilege et poursuivie en justice. La religion (l'orthodoxie russe principalement) devient de plus en plus active au sein de la sphere publique dans un contexte post-communiste favorable - bien que souvent de maniere selective - a la religion. A ete ranimee une nette opposition entre discours seculiers liberaux et discours religieux, au sein desquels la religion est un theme narratif utilise pour incarner les valeurs nationales. Par ailleurs, une autre tendance, en affinite avec les modeles religieux modernes que l'on trouve en Europe occidentale, concerne l'emergence d'une religiosite individuelle diffuse, hautement privatisee. Cette image plurielle interroge les notions etablies de religion publique et de religion privee, et revele de nouveaux modes d'interaction entre le seculier et le religieux dans le 21eme siecle.},
  author = {Agadjanian, A.},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {169-184},
  title = {The Search for Privacy and the Return of a Grand Narrative: Religion in a Post-Communist Society},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2006
}

@article{bosoni2014breadwinners,
  author = {Bosoni, M Letizia},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Family Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {293-306},
  title = {"Breadwinners" or "Involved Fathers?" Men, Fathers and Work in Italy},
  url = {https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-376109727/breadwinners-or-involved-fathers-men-fathers},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2014
}

@article{sobotka2014persistence,
  author = {Sobotka, Tomáš and Beaujouan, Éva},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1728-4457.2014.00691.x},
  journal = {Population and Development},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {391-419},
  title = {Two is Best? The Persistence of a Two-Child Family Ideal in Europe},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2014.00691.x/full},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2014
}

@book{kerkhofs1984stille,
  address = {Tielt en Weesp},
  author = {Kerkhofs, Jan and Rezsohazy, Rudolf},
  editor = {Kerkhofs, Jan and Rezsohazy, Rudolf},
  isbn = {9020911724},
  keywords = {1984 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 217,
  publisher = {Lannoo},
  title = {De Stille Ommekeer: Oude en Nieuwe Waarden in het België van de Jaren Tachtig (x- The Silent Turn. Old and New Values in Belgium in the Eighties)},
  type = {Edited Book},
  year = 1984
}

@incollection{azadarmaki2003worldviews,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes the religious beliefs, religiosity, national identity, and attitudes toward Western culture, family, and gender relations of the publics of three Islamic countries. It is based on national representative surveys of 3000 Egyptians, 2532 Iranians, and 1222 Jondanians that were carried out in 2000-2001, as part of the World Values Surveys. We first discuss the views of the respondents concerning key indicators of religious beliefs, religiosity, identity, and attitudes toward Western culture. Then, we describe variations in such values as the ideal number of children, attitudes toward marriage and women, family ties, and trusts in major social institutions in these three countries. Next, we present age and educational differences in religious beliefs, trust in mosque, identity, trust in government, attitude toward women and gender relations. We conclude by pointing to the variation in the nature of the regime as an important determinant of the variations in the worldviews among the public in these three Islamic countries.},
  address = {Leiden/Boston},
  author = {Azadarmaki, Taqhi and Moaddel, Mansoor},
  booktitle = {Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys},
  editor = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  isbn = {9004128107},
  keywords = {2003 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {69-89},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  title = {The Worldviews of Islamic Publics: The Cases of Egypt, Iran, and Jordan},
  year = 2003
}

@incollection{linz1988legitimacy,
  address = {Boulder},
  author = {Linz, J J.},
  booktitle = {Comparing Pluralist Democracies, Strains on Legitimacy},
  editor = {Dogan, Mattei},
  isbn = {813304512},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {65-113},
  publisher = {Westview Press},
  title = {Legitimacy of Democracy and the Socioeconomic System},
  type = {Book Section},
  year = 1988
}

@incollection{ringdal2015gender,
  abstract = {The purpose of this chapter is to describe gender-role attitudes in Southeastern Europe within the wider context of European countries by means of data from the European Value Study (EVS) conducted in 2008. This comparative perspective has the advantage of giving reference points when looking at values and attitudes in individual countries or country groups. There is also a disadvantage to this approach as this broad overview entails that the description of each country will be very superficial. This approach is, thus, meant to complement the preceding chapters in this book, most of which have more narrow foci.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Ringdal, Kristen},
  booktitle = {Gender (In)equality and Gender Politics in Southeastern Europe: A Question of Justice},
  doi = {10.1057/9781137449924_16},
  editor = {Hassenstab, Christine M. and Ramet, Sabrina P.},
  isbn = {978-1-137-44992-4},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {321-337},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Gender Roles in Southeastern Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137449924_16},
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{muller2012religious,
  abstract = {"It is our main aim in this chapter to describe and explain the state and development of religion, churches and religiosity in Germany. After a brief historical overview of religion, we then, in the central empirical part, investigate religion not only on the individual level, but also on its organizational level, i.e., the societal and legal status of the main churches, and their financial resources and personnel structures. The data used in this part are drawn from several population surveys, as well as from official and ecclesiastical sources. Due to the special situation in Germany, empirical data for West and East Germany will be presented mainly separately but also in relation to each other. In the final part of this chapter, we interpret the results according to the three explanatory perspectives of religious change which were outlined in the introduction to this book: the secularization thesis, the individualization thesis, and the supply-side rational-choice approach." Als empirische Basis dienen u.a. ALLBUS-Daten aus den Jahren 1990, 1991, 2000 und 2008.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 27. Fassung, Februar 2013},
  address = {Farnham},
  author = {Müller, Olaf and Pollack, Detlef and Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {The Social Significance of Religion in the Enlarged Europe: Secularization, Individualization and Pluralization},
  editor = {Pollack, Detlef and Müller, Olaf and Pickel, Gert},
  isbn = {978-1-4094-2621-9},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {95-120},
  publisher = {Ashgate},
  study = {ALLBUS ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EV2008},
  title = {The Religious Landscape in Germany: Secularizing West - Secularized East},
  url = {http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409426219},
  year = 2012
}

@mastersthesis{strakova2011postoj,
  author = {Straková, Eva},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  pages = 46,
  school = {Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta humanitních studií},
  title = {Postoj respondentů studie European Values Study 2008 v České republice k příčinám chudoby [Position on the causes of poverty by respondents of the 2008 European Values Study in the Czech Republic]},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/49918/BPTX_2010_2__0_247381_0_111191.pdf?sequence=1},
  year = 2011
}

@article{freire2006bringing,
  abstract = {This article seeks to show that the relative weight of social factors in explaining individual left-right self-placement, vis-a-vis values and partisan loyalties, is very important, contrary to the poor results shown by prior studies. The bias in previous literature was due to the fact that the models used for social factors were underspecified: they included only structural and organizational dimensions and ignored social identity. However, when the model was correctly specified by adding indicators of social identity, it was possible to reach an opposite conclusion. The cases studied were 12 western European countries (Portugal, Spain, France, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Sweden, and Ireland) in 1990 and 1999. },
  author = {Freire, André},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11307},
  doi = {10.1177/0192512106067358},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512106067358},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {359-378},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Bringing Social Identities Back In: The Social Anchors of Left-Right Orientation in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512106067358},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2006
}

@article{yanovskiy2017notes,
  abstract = {The introduction of universal suffrage and the subsequent expansion of the welfare state have, from an economic perspective, rendered the institution vulnerable to criticism. According to this view, universal suffrage has contributed to chronic budget deficits and a growing public debt burden even in peacetime. Its defense is typically grounded in two central claims: first, that universal suffrage is an essential and fundamental component of a genuine rule-of-law democracy, and second, that it possesses clear moral advantages over systems of census-based or otherwise limited electoral participation. The present analysis, however, argues that the moral foundation of universal suffrage is no more robust than its economic one. It contends that what is described as an undeserved privilege encourages increasing numbers of individuals to relinquish responsibility for themselves and their families while retaining the “right” to determine the country’s fate on election day. The emergence of voters who are portrayed as irresponsible and dependent on the public budget is seen as creating additional opportunities for bureaucrats seeking greater discretionary power and expanded funding for their agencies. From this perspective, doubts are raised about the long-term compatibility of universal suffrage with the constitutional foundations of democracy, such as property rights and freedom of speech. It is further argued that supporters of the welfare state demand safeguards to secure their electoral influence in the name of combating discrimination, while at times calling for the votes of their opponents to be disregarded, effectively denying them their right to vote. As a consequence, the text suggests that a relatively broad consensus is emerging around the perceived need to introduce or restore voting qualifications.},
  author = {Yanovskiy, Konstantin E. and Zhavoronkov, Sergei V.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4804},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Ekonomicheskaya Politika},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article},
  number = 6,
  pages = {102-123},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Few Notes on Universal Suffrage Morality},
  url = {ftp://w82.ranepa.ru/rnp/ecopol/ep1764.pdf									},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2017
}

@book{quack2017religious,
  abstract = {This book provides a conceptually and empirically rich introduction to religious indifference on the basis of original anthropological, historical and sociological research.

Religious indifference is a central category for understanding contemporary societies, and a controversial one. For some scholars, a growing religious indifference indicates a dramatic decline in religiosity and epitomizes the endpoint of secularization processes. Others view it as an indicator of moral apathy and philosophical nihilism, whilst yet others see it as paving the way for new forms of political tolerance and solidarity. 

This volume describes and analyses the symbolic power of religious indifference and the conceptual contestations surrounding it. Detailed case studies cover anthropological and qualitative data from the UK, Germany, Estonia, the USA, Canada, and India analyse large quantitative data sets, and provide philosophical-literary inquiries into the phenomenon. They highlight how, for different actors and agendas, religious indifference can constitute an objective or a challenge. Pursuing a relational approach to non-religion, the book conceptualizes religious indifference in its interrelatedness with religion as well as more avowed forms of non-religion.},
  address = {Cham},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.3190 ; 10.4232/1.11334},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-48476-1},
  editor = {Quack, Johannes and Schuh, Cora},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA4800 ; ZA3190 ; ZA4950},
  isbn = {978-3-319-48474-7, 978-3-319-48476-1 (eBook)},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 273,
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {Religious indifference: new perspectives from studies on secularization and nonreligion},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48476-1},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{borowik2013central,
  abstract = {This essay offers a fresh exploration of atheism in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), while also providing an overview of existing research into atheism and non-religion in the region. In light of the legacy of state-imposed atheism, and the subsequent (apparent) ‘religious awakening’ in some countries, the authors demonstrate the significance of national religious traditions and confessional structures for understanding diversity of atheism’s nature and extent within the area. Analysis of European Values Survey data show that confessional structures of societies play more important role in spread of atheism than religious tradition (Catholicism or Orthodoxy) and that religious mono-confessionality supports vitality of religion, while religious pluralism makes more space for further differentiations of world-views, including atheism. The analysis also confirm that in CEE atheists, both ‘soft’ and ‘hard’, are not coherent as a group, and that some of them profess belief in supernatural powers and/or declare a religious affiliation.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Borowik, Irena and Ančić, Branko and Tyrała, Radosław},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Atheism},
  editor = {Bullivant, Stephen and Ruse, Michael},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {623-637},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  title = {Central and Eastern Europe},
  year = 2013
}

@article{maurin2001franais,
  author = {Maurin, Louis},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Alternatives Economiques},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {68-71},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Les Français sont-ils devenus libéraux? },
  url = {https://www.alternatives-economiques.fr/francais-devenus-liberaux/00023100},
  year = 2001
}

@article{brechon2009lindividualisation,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Le Monde},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {L'individualisation progresse, mais pas l'individualisme},
  url = {https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2009/04/24/l-individualisation-progresse-mais-pas-l-individualisme-par-pierre-brechon_1185004_3232.html?xtmc=valeurs&xtcr=7},
  year = 2009
}

@incollection{kirbis2017political,
  abstract = {Political culture, i.e. citizens’ values, attitudes, and behaviors within the political community, are one of the defining features of a country, having important consequences for the lives of its citizens as well as for the functioning of the state. In this sense, particularly democratic political culture – mass orientations compatible with and representing the ethos of democracy – is crucial for the stability and functioning of a democratic system. Since the analysis of past and present political culture may also predict future democratic functioning, it is especially important to examine the levels and patterns of political culture in newer, post-communist democracies, which are often characterized as fragile and unstable. The aim of the present chapter is to examine political culture in the Yugoslav successor states and to compare it both cross-nationally and longitudinally within the wider European context. The first section of the chapter gives a brief overview of classic and more recent conceptualizations of political culture and deals with the importance of political culture for a functioning democracy. The second section presents in brief some explanations concerning cross-national variations in political culture, together with a brief summary of findings of previous research in Yugoslav successor states. In the third section the main research questions and hypotheses are outlined, while the fourth section presents data sources and democratic political culture indicators used in our empirical analysis. The fifth section presents our results and the last section provides a tentative conclusion to our findings. Conceptualizations of Political Culture Political culture is a central concept in the social sciences, traditionally referring to a set of political values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are characteristic of a particular political community (country, region, social group, political elite, etc.). Before the twentieth-century classical authors were using other terms to speak of political culture and there was a consensus on the main notion of political culture (which dates back to ancient times) – the central importance of values and beliefs of citizens for the working and survival of the political system they live in.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Kirbis, Andrej and Flere, Sergej},
  booktitle = {Building Democracy in the Yugoslav Successor States: Accomplishments, Setbacks, and Challenges since 1990},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1017/9781316848289.006},
  editor = {Ramet, Sabrina P. and Hassenstab, Christine M. and Listhaug, Ola},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {108-134},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Political Culture in the Yugoslav Successor States},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316848289.006},
  year = 2017
}

@book{slomczynski2016democratic,
  abstract = {Across the world, mass political protest has shaped the course of modern history. Building on decades of theory, we hypothesize that the extent and intensity of political protest is a function of micro-level democratic values and socio-demographics, country-level economic development and democratic practices, and the discrepancy (i.e. cross-level interaction) between a country’s democratic practices and peoples’ trust in key democratic institutions – that is, political parties, the justice system, and parliament. This book is a Technical Report on the logic of, and methodology for, creating a multi-year multi-country database needed for comparative research on political protest. It concerns both the selection and ex-post harmonization of survey information and the manner in which the multilevel structured data can be used in substantive analyses. The database we created contains information on more than two million people from 142 countries or territories, interviewed between the 1960s and 2013. It stores individual-level variables from 1,721 national surveys stemming from 22 well-known international survey projects, including the European Social Survey, the International Social Survey Programme, and the World Values Survey. We constructed comparable measures of peoples’ participation in demonstrations and signing petitions, their democratic values and socio-demographic characteristics. We complemented the harmonized individual-level data with macro-level measures of democracy, economic performance, and income inequality gathered from external sources. In the process, we pulled together three strands of survey methodology – on data quality, ex-post harmonization, and multilevel modeling. This book is funded by the (Polish) National Science Center under a three-year international cooperation grant for the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFiS PAN), and The Ohio State University (OSU) Mershon Center for International Security Studies (grant number: Harmonia-2012/06/M/HS6/00322).},
  address = {Warsaw},
  author = {Słomczyński, Kazimierz M. and Tomescu-Dubrow, Irina and Jenkins, J. Craig and Kołczyńska, Marta and Powałko, Przemek and Wysmułek, Ilona and Oleksiyanko, Olena and Zieliński, Marcin W. and Dubrow, Joshua K.},
  booktitle = {Harmonization of Data from International Survey Projects},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.10874 ; 10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.10878 ; 10.4232/1.10888 ; 10.4232/1.10937 ; 10.4232/1.10964 ; 10.4232/1.11479 ; 10.4232/1.11558 ; 10.4232/1.1490 ; 10.4232/1.1840 ; 10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2150 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.3190 ; 10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.10079 ; 10.4232/1.11334 ; 10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.11418 ; 10.4232/1.11759},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA1318 ; ZA1320 ; ZA1750 ; ZA3387 ; ZA4231 ; ZA5234 ; ZA5612 ; ZA1490 ; ZA1840 ; ZA1950 ; ZA2150 ; ZA2900 ; ZA3190 ; ZA3950 ; ZA4700 ; ZA4850 ; ZA4950 ; ZA5400 ; ZA5500 ; ZA5800},
  isbn = {978-83-7683-126-8},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 282,
  publisher = {IFiS Publishers},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EB19 ; EB21 ; EB31 ; EB54.1 ; EB62.2 ; EB73.4 ; EB77.3 ; ISSP1985 ; ISSP1989 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2010 ; ISSP2011},
  title = {Democratic Values and Protest Behavior},
  year = 2016
}

@article{simon2000valeurs,
  author = {Simon, Francois},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Ouest France},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = 3,
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Les valeurs: notre petite boussole},
  year = 2000
}

@article{aliyev2014civil,
  abstract = {The research to date on informal networks of the post-communist South Caucasus has tended to focus either on the informal institutions’ role in providing social safety nets for the population or on the networks’ economic functions. This article examines the impact of informal kinship networks on participation in organized civil society in the present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. In order to explore how kinship institutions affect membership in civil society organizations across the South Caucasus, this research builds on a variety of primary and secondary sources. The findings of this study reveal that kinship-based networks serve as a significant source of social capital in the South Caucasus: they offer social support to their members and encourage intra-network bonding, making participation in civil society unattractive. However, the prevalence of kinship networks does not significantly affect popular attitudes towards organized civil society and the reliance on kinship structures is not seen as substitute for membership in formal civil society. },
  author = {Aliyev, Huseyn},
  doi = {10.1080/14683857.2014.904545},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2014.904545},
  journal = {Southeast European and Black Sea Studies},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {263-282},
  title = {Civil society in the South Caucasus: kinship networks as obstacles to civil participation},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2014.904545},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2014
}

@article{coirier2009lvolution,
  abstract = {Analyse à partir de l’enquête EVS (European Values Survey) de l’évolution des valeurs de l’ensemble des personnes résidant en France, avec un regard plus spécifique sur la perception des Français à l’égard des immigrés et les valeurs des populations immigrées vivant en France.},
  author = {Coirier, Evelyne},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Infos migrations },
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1-6},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {L’évolution des valeurs en France},
  url = {https://www.immigration.interieur.gouv.fr/fr/Info-ressources/Etudes-et-statistiques/Themes/Accueil-integration/L-evolution-des-valeurs-en-France},
  year = 2009
}

@incollection{stark2018legitimitt,
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Stark, Toralf and Smolka, Theresia and Pickel, Susanne},
  booktitle = {Die Grenzen der Verfassung},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  editor = {Hein, Michael and Petersen, Felix and von Steinsdorff, Silvia von},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {185-206},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Die Legitimität demokratischer Verfassungen – ein Vorschlag zur empirischen Bestimmung},
  year = 2018
}

@phdthesis{lethnissen2018churching,
  author = {Leth-Nissen, Karen Marie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.3680 ; 10.4232/1.11334 ; 10.4232/1.12590},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA3680 ; ZA4950 ; ZA6670},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {University of Copenhagen},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2001 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2014},
  title = {Churching Alone. A Study of the Danish Folk Church at Organisational, Individual, and Societal Levels},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bib-cpos-2014-03en9},
  year = 2018
}

@article{hajdu2018period,
  abstract = { In this paper, we analyze whether work values differ between three dimensions of time (age, birth cohort, period). Using data of five waves of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study from more than forty countries and hierarchical age-period-cohort regression models, we did not find relevant gaps between birth cohorts with respect to the relative importance of work or with respect to work values. Thus, we claim that, in European and Euro-Atlantic countries, birth cohorts, on average, do not differ significantly with regard to their work values. Our results suggest, however, that the relative importance of work is significantly higher in the middle-age groups than among the younger or older groups. Regarding work values, we found that the importance of having an interesting job, good pay, and good hours decreases with age, and that job security is equally important at every age, whereas the importance of having a useful job increases with age.},
  author = {Hajdu, Gábor and Sik, Endre},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Societies },
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = 11,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Age, Period, and Cohort Differences in Work Centrality and Work Values},
  url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/8/1/11},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2018
}

@inproceedings{tourbeaux2013stratification,
  author = {Tourbeaux, Jérôme},
  booktitle = {Les populations vulnérables. Le XVIè colloque national de démographie a eu lieu à Maison Meditérranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme, à Aix-en-Provence, du 28 au 31 mai 2013},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro french inproceedings},
  pages = {862-879},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Stratification sociale et vulnérabilité au Luxembourg},
  year = 2013
}

@article{meinhart2018woran,
  abstract = {Einmal pro Dekade liefert eine großangelegte Studie ein großformatiges Standbild aus dem Innenleben Österreichs. Welche Werte prägen seine Bewohner? Was ist ihnen wichtig, wo schalten sie ab? Wie halten sie es mit der Demokratie? Wie schauen sie in die Zukunft? Und wie ist es um den sozialen Zusammenhalt bestellt?},
  author = {Meinhart, Edith},
  journal = {Profil},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 43,
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Woran Österreich glaubt},
  url = {https://www.profil.at/oesterreich/titelgeschichte-woran-oesterreich-glaubt-10422507},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{buss2017making,
  address = {Cheltenham (UK)},
  author = {Buß, Christopher and Ebbinghaus, Bernhard and Naumann, Elias},
  booktitle = {The Social Legitimacy of Targeted Welfare. Attitudes to Welfare Deservingness },
  editor = {van Oorschot, Wim and Roosma, Femke and Meuleman, Bart and Reeskens, Tim},
  isbn = {978 1 78536 720 5},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {167-185},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  title = {Making Deservingness of the Unemployed Conditional: Changes in Public Support for the Conditionality of Unemployment Benefits },
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{lundby2018scandinavia,
  abstract = {The Scandinavian welfare societies depend on strong states to provide public services and to redistribute income. Scandinavians enjoy comprehensive welfare systems that offer citizens social security within open economies. Scandinavia combines international market capitalism with government regulation. The political-economic crisis in Europe influences Scandinavia as well, with pressure from globalization and immigration, and new political divisions that are articulated by right-wing populism. The Scandinavian countries are built on egalitarian values and practices and the level of trust between people is high. However, the countries are finding that these egalitarian values also have unintended, problematic consequences, especially as these once relatively homogenous societies experience growing diversity. Today, there are peculiar contrasts in the Scandinavian cultural-religious landscape, between old churches with large majorities of the population as members, and levels of secularity in Scandinavian societies that position the region as the most secular corner of the world.},
  address = {Berlin, Boston},
  author = {Lundby, Knut and Repstad, Pål},
  booktitle = {Contesting Religion: The Media Dynamics of Cultural Conflicts in Scandinavia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1515/9783110502060-006},
  editor = {Lundby, Knut},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {13-32},
  publisher = {DeGruyter},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Scandinavia: Traits, Trends and Tensions. },
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{troitzsch2016survey,
  abstract = {The available survey data sources can only give an incomplete access to the empirical problem under consideration for the reasons discussed in more depth in Sect. 12.​1, but anyway three surveys can be used as sources for finding out which norm orientations prevail in the regions under consideration in GLODERS and which are the propensities and frequencies of norm-related actions.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Troitzsch, Klaus G.},
  booktitle = {Social  Dimensions of Organised Crime: Modelling the Dynamics of Extortion Rackets},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12448 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-45169-5_9},
  editor = {Elsenbroich, Corinna and Anzola, David and Gilbert, Nigel},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5687 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-319-45169-5},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {133-151},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EB79.1 v3.0.0 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Survey Data and Computational Qualitative Analysis},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45169-5_9},
  year = 2016
}

@article{brechon2010europe,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.3811},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Rue Saint-Guillaume},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 160,
  pages = {28-30},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Une Europe sans valeurs consensuelles? },
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00824366},
  year = 2010
}

@mastersthesis{hanzlova2011nositel,
  abstract = {Who are the postmaterialists? Sociodemographic characteristics of those who bear postmaterialistic values in the Czech Republic and Germany This master thesis is devoted to the Value Change Theory formulated by Ronald Inglehart. This American sociologist came in the 1970's with a conclusion, that there is a substantial difference between the values of the generation that experienced war and the values of the post-war generation, which is experiencing an unprecedential economic growth. As a consequence these younger generations have different priorities called by Inglehart as postmaterialistic values in contrast to materialistic ones. The aim of this paper is to find out what are the socio-demographic characteristics of postmaterialists, whether they differ in time and over countries by using secondary data from the European Values Study and from International Social Survey Programme. The results support the theory only partly. Czech and German postmaterialists are both rather younger and more educated. But there is a difference when examining the influence of gender and the size of community, where they live. In the Czech Republic the probability of being a postmaterialist is higher among men and together with eastern Germany it is higher in big cities. For western Germany relationships were in both cases not significant. A model for combined data and Likelihood ratio test at the end displayed that even the relationship between the Inglehart´s indicator and independent variables, even the degree of probability are among tested countries different. },
  author = {Hanžlová, Barbora},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  school = {Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta humanitních studií},
  title = {Kdo jsou nositelé postmaterialistických hodnot? Sociodemografické charakteristiky postmaterialistů v České republice a v Německu [Who are the postmaterialists Values? Sociodemographic characteristics of postmaterialists. In the Czech Republic and in Germany]},
  url = {https://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/103478?lang=en},
  year = 2011
}

@article{kragten2017income,
  abstract = {The income inequality hypothesis states that income inequality has a negative effect on individual's health, partially because it reduces social trust. This article aims to critically assess the income inequality hypothesis by comparing several analytical strategies, namely OLS regression, multilevel regression, fixed effects models and fixed effects models using pseudo panel data. To test the hypothesis, data from two studies conducted between 1981 and 2014 were combined: the World Values Survey and the European Values Study. Three frequently used measures of health were taken into account. In the OLS and multilevel models, income inequality was often associated with better health, whereas in the fixed effects and pseudo panel data, income inequality was associated with poorer health, suggesting that the unexpected results of the OLS and multilevel methods might be explained by unobserved confounders. Furthermore, in almost all of the models, social trust mediates the relationship between income inequality and health, showing the importance of this mechanism. Interestingly, the pseudo panel data offer the strongest support for the income inequality hypothesis, suggesting that better controlling for confounding factors and/or more carefully monitoring cohort effects, may result in a better understanding whether and how income inequality can be harmful for people's health.},
  author = {Kragten, Nigel and Rözer, Jesper},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-016-1283-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1015-1033},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Income Inequality Hypothesis Revisited: Assessing the Hypothesis Using Four Methodological Approaches},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1283-8},
  volume = 131,
  year = 2017
}

@article{ribberink2017secular,
  abstract = {The literature about secularization proposes two distinct explanations of anti-Muslim sentiment in secularized societies. The first theory understands it in terms of religious competition between Muslims and the remaining minority of orthodox Protestants; the second understands it as resulting from value conflicts between Muslims and the nonreligious majority. The two theories are tested by means of a multilevel analysis of the European Values Study 2008. Our findings indicate that, although more secularized countries are on average more tolerant towards Muslims and Islam, strongest anti-Muslim attitudes are nonetheless found among the nonreligious in these countries.},
  author = {Ribberink, Egbert and Achterberg, Peter and Houtman, Dick},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12335},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {1468-5906},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {259-276},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Secular Tolerance? Anti-Muslim Sentiment in Western Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12335},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2017
}

@article{coutinho2015clusters,
  abstract = {This article, based on EVS 2008, presents clusters of religiosity regarding the Portuguese population. The author based his research on multiple correspondence analysis and clusters analysis, using one indicator for each dimension of religiosity (belief, practice, and attitude). Five clusters of religiosity were found: non-practicing heterodox believers, occasional practicing heterodox believers, skeptical Catholics, intermediate Catholics, and observant Catholics. These clusters were crossed with  socio-demographic indicators and indicators to assess individualization.},
  author = {Coutinho, José P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10154},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4757 v1.1.0},
  journal = {Analise Social},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article},
  number = 216,
  pages = {604-631},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Clusters of Religiosity of Portuguese Population},
  url = {http://analisesocial.ics.ul.pt/?page_id=18},
  used_variables = {Q1/v6 ; Q25 ; Q30/v121 ; Q30/v122 ; Q31 ; Q32 ; Q39 ; Q63/v205 ; Q68/v240 ; Q68/v241},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2015
}

@article{fitzgerald2018swedens,
  author = {Fitzgerald, Jennifer},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  day = 8,
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {The Washington Post},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  month = {September},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Sweden’s far-right party may do well in Sunday’s election. Here’s a surprising reason},
  type = {Newspaper},
  url = {https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/09/08/swedens-right-wing-party-is-likely-to-do-well-in-sundays-election-heres-a-surprising-reason/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.e119d4e17c74},
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{eichhorn2016economic,
  address = {London and New York},
  author = {Eichhorn, Jan and Hensing, Jakob and Hübner, Christine},
  editor = {Voicu, Mălina and Mochmann, Ingvill C. and Dülmer, Hermann},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {193-219},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Economic crisis and democratic legitimacy},
  year = 2016
}

@article{uunk2015cultural,
  abstract = {Despite substantial country variation in gender-role attitudes and female labor supply and theoretical arguments stressing the consequences of contextual attitudes for individual behavior, prior research did not find evidence for an effect of a country's gender-role attitudes on female labor supply. In this study I reassess this finding using a powerful multilevel design on the 2008 wave of the European Values Study on 33 countries. I find a substantial positive and independent effect of a country's egalitarian gender-role attitudes on individual women's odds of labor market attachment. The original, gross effect can for one-fourth be attributed to an effect of individual gender-role attitudes and one-tenth to an institutional effect. These findings indicate that the cultural (attitude) context matters for female labor supply. },
  author = {Uunk, Wilfred},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2014.995772},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2014.995772},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {176-198},
  title = {Does the Cultural Context Matter? The effect of a country's gender-role attitudes on female labor supply},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2014.995772},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2015
}

@article{kevins2015political,
  abstract = {In a post-industrial world in which employment is increasingly ‘non-standard’, the tying of benefit access to standard employment history in insurance-style programmes has created considerable insider–outsider welfare state divisions. This article investigates the factors shaping attempts to address this issue through the extension of benefit coverage. Comparing the introduction of minimum income schemes in France and Italy, it explores the explanatory power of various partisanship- and institution-based accounts. The article argues that Italian inaction was the result not of partisanship-based factors, but rather of contrasting levels of public pressure. The divergent public opinion was, in turn, shaped by institutional characteristics typically associated with Southern European welfare states. Survey and multi-level model analyses provide support for the claim that the centrality of the family and limited administrative capacity have had an impact on concern for the unemployed.},
  author = {Kevins, Anthony},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.1490 ; 10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.10789},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA1490 ; ZA1950 ; ZA2900},
  journal = {Journal of European Social Policy},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {303-315},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; ISSP1985 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1996},
  title = {Political actors, public opinion and the extension of welfare coverage},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2015
}

@article{clements2017attitudes,
  author = {Clements, Ben},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Attitudes towards Gay Rights},
  url = {http://www.brin.ac.uk/figures/attitudes-towards-gay-rights/},
  year = 2017
}

@article{lim2017trust,
  abstract = {We reexamine the role of trust in macroeconomic performance using a new econometric method, a two-step approach adopted by Di Tella et al. (AER, 2001). In the first step, the measure of trust is constructed from the micro-regression of trust. This method allows us to extract the component of trust that is not influenced by individual-level socio-economic factors. In the second step, measures of macroeconomic performances are regressed on this improved measure of country-level trust. We find a strong positive relationship between the level of trust and real GDP per person stipulated by an increase in investment. Our results also indicate that the impact of trust on macroeconomic variables estimated by previous studies is biased upwards.},
  author = {Lim, Sokchea and Morshed, AKM Mahbub and Khun, Channary},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1016/j.econmod.2017.07.020},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {0264-9993},
  journal = {Economic Modelling},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Trust and macroeconomic performance: A two-step approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.07.020},
  year = 2017
}

@article{brechon2002ingalits,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  gesi-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Le Monde},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Les inégalités dans les sociétés européennes fragilisent la démocratie },
  url = {https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2002/10/12/les-inegalites-dans-les-societes-europeennes-fragilisent-la-democratie_293966_3224.html},
  year = 2002
}

@book{dorfler2019elterliche,
  abstract = {Welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede bestehen bei der Aufteilung von bezahlter und unbezahlter Arbeit von Eltern in Österreich und Schweden und welche Ursachen lassen sich seit den 1990er Jahren feststellen? Sonja Dörfler untersucht das Verhalten von Müttern und Vätern und beleuchtet die Entwicklung der kulturellen und der familienpolitischen Ebene beider Länder hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf die elterliche Arbeitsteilung. Die Analysen zeigen, dass sich seither in beiden Ländern auf allen drei Ebenen ein progressiver Wandel vollzogen hat, wobei dieser in Schweden deutlich früher einsetzte und auch heute noch weiter fortgeschritten ist. Dieses Buch zeigt auf, welche konkreten Rahmenbedingungen von Seiten der Politik gesetzt werden können, um eine geschlechtergerechtere Arbeitsteilung bei Eltern zum Wohle der Gesamtgesellschaft zu erreichen.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Dörfler, Sonja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12661 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-23206-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5900 v4.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-23205-4},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 190,
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study-id = {ISSP2012 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Elterliche Arbeitsteilung in Österreich und Schweden. Die Entwicklung institutioneller und kultureller Rahmenbedingungen von 1990 bis heute [Parental division of labor in Austria and Sweden. The development of institutional and cultural framework conditions from 1990 to today]},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23206-1},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{marody2017polish,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Marody, Mirosława and Mandes, Sławomir},
  booktitle = {Religion, Politics, and Values in Poland: Continuity and Change Since 1989},
  doi = {10.1057/978-1-137-43751-8_11},
  editor = {Ramet, Sabrina P. and Borowik, Irena},
  isbn = {978-1-137-43751-8},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {231-255},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan US},
  title = {Polish Religious Values as Reflected in the European Values Study},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43751-8_11},
  year = 2017
}

@techreport{joly2018generations,
  abstract = {How is the protest behavior of citizens in new democracies influenced by their experience of the past? Certain theories of political socialization hold that cohorts reaching political maturity under dictatorship are subject to apathy. Yet, it remains unclear whether mobilization during the transition can counterbalance this effect. This article examines the protest behavior of citizens socialized in Eastern Germany, a region marked by two legacies: a legacy of autocracy and, following the 1989-90 revolution, a legacy of transitional mobilization. Using age-periodcohort models with data from the European Social Survey, the analysis assesses the evolution of gaps in protest across generations and time between East and West Germans. The results demonstrate that participation in demonstrations, petitions, and boycotts is lower for East Germans socialized under communism in comparison with West Germans from the same cohorts. This participation deficit remains stable over time and even increases for certain protest activities.},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Joly, Philippe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {WZB - Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english techreport},
  series = {WZB Discussion Paper SP V 2018-101},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Generations and Protest in Eastern Germany: Between Revolution and Apathy},
  url = {https://bibliothek.wzb.eu/pdf/2018/v18-101.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{rajevska2016theoretical,
  abstract = {The author presents a comparative analysis of old-age pension systems in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania using a method of retrospective simulation run on a self-developed model. The model baseline case is a person retiring in December 2014 after 40 years of service with nationwide average salary. Other cases include low and high-earners, funded schemes participants and simulations for modified notional capital valorisation formulae. Three study countries return very dissimilar results, which is caused by differences in their pension systems’ designs. Lack of non-contributory element (basic pension) in Latvia leads to a low degree of progressivity, with inexcusably low pensions to low-earners and excessively generous pensions to high-earners. Participation in funded pillar II schemes has not brought any significant gains to pension plan sharers. Notional capital valorisation rules adopted in different countries that use the NDC-system significantly influence pension amount.},
  author = {Rajevska, Olga},
  doi = {10.1515/eb-2016-0002},
  issn = {2256-0394},
  journal = {Economics and Business},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {13-19},
  title = {Theoretical Old-Age Pension Benefits and Replacement Rates in the Baltic States: A Retrospective Simulation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/eb-2016-0002},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2016
}

@book{andren2017cultural,
  abstract = {The cultural borders of Europe are today more visible than ever, and with them comes a sense of uncertainty with respect to liberal democratic traditions: whether treated as abstractions or concrete realities, cultural divisions challenge concepts of legitimacy and political representation as well as the legal bases for citizenship. Thus, an understanding of such borders and their consequences is of utmost importance for promoting the evolution of democracy. Cultural Borders of Europe provides a wide-ranging exploration of these lines of demarcation in a variety of regions and historical eras, providing essential insights into the state of European intercultural relations today.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  editor = {Andrén, Mats and Lindkvist, Thomas and Söhrman, Ingmar and Vajta, Katharina},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3910 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-1-78533-590-7},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 218,
  series = {Making Sense of History: Studies in Historical Cultures, volume 30},
  study-id = {ISSP2003 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Cultural Borders of Europe: Narratives, Concepts and Practices in the Present and the Past},
  year = 2017
}

@article{sa2014morale,
  abstract = {Tax morale is recognized as one of the most important variables to understand the levels of compliance obtained in most countries. This paper analyzes the impact of occupational status, income level, behavioral, political and psychological factors on tax morale level of Portuguese taxpayers. A sample of 1,514   Portuguese individuals was obtained from the European Values Study (EVS) developed in 2008. A factor analysis was used to extract the underlying dimensions of tax morale. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the dimensions revealed by factor analysis, occupational status, income level, and tax morale. The findings suggest that occupational status, income, political democratic system, individual satisfaction, trust in others, and individual ́s identification with Portugal have a strong significantly effect on tax morale. },
  author = {Sá, Cristina and Martins, Antonio and Gomes, Carlos F.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Journal of Economics, Business, and Management},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {112-116},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Tax morale, occupation, and income level: an analysis of Portuguese taxpayers},
  url = {http://www.joebm.com/papers/108-N00014.pdf},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2014
}

@techreport{boarini2016multidimensional,
  abstract = {We compute a distribution-adjusted welfare measure that aggregates outcomes in three dimensions of well-being, namely income, employment and longevity. Aggregation weights reflect preferences of people on these dimensions. The welfare measure is calculated for 26 OECD countries and selected emerging economies, and covers about three decades. Relying on a single theoretical model of a hypothetical representative agent, we combine life satisfaction regressions to capture the full welfare losses of unemployment with a calibration approach to capture the value of longevity. We test for robustness of results over a series of datasets and specifications and find that the resulting estimated shadow prices of (one percentage point of) unemployment and one year of longevity average 2% and 6% of income respectively. While we assume an identical utility function for all individuals, shadow prices of unemployment and longevity vary both across countries and within countries across income groups. We find that economic growth differs significantly from the growth of our welfare measure. The latter grew faster than GDP thanks to the gains that countries experienced on longevity, but was also more volatile due to changes in unemployment. Rising income inequality exerts a negative effect on our welfare measure. Gains in longevity have almost the same impact on welfare as income growth, while the long-term impact of employment was smaller.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Boarini, Romina and Murtin, Fabrice and Schreyer, Paul and Fleurbaey, Marc},
  doi = {10.1787/5jlpq7qvxc6f},
  institution = {OECD Publishing},
  issn = {1815-2031},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro english techreport},
  pages = 54,
  series = {OECD Statistics Working Papers},
  title = {Multi-dimensional Living Standards: A Welfare Measure Based on Preferences},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jlpq7qvxc6f-en},
  year = 2016
}

@inproceedings{toprakkiran2016equality,
  author = {Toprakkiran, Nihan and Yasar, Rusen},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Is Equality Better for Everyone? A Multilevel Approach to Income Inequality and Subjective Wellbeing },
  url = {http://rusenyasar.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Inequality_IPSA.pdf.},
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{rosta2014religiositt,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Rosta, Gergely},
  booktitle = {Zwischen Säkularisierung und religiöser Vitalisierung},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {135-147},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religiosität und politische Präferenzen – Polen und Deutschland},
  year = 2014
}

@article{adler2018centrists,
  author = {Adler, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {The New Vork Times},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Centrists Are the Most Hostile to Democracy, Not Extremists},
  url = {https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/05/23/opinion/international-world/centrists-democracy.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region&region=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region},
  year = 2018
}

@article{akaliyski2019united,
  abstract = {The European Union (EU) is considered to be a unique economic and political union that integrates most European countries. This article focuses on the cultural aspect of European integration, which has been increasingly debated over the course of deepening and widening integration and in the context of the legitimation crisis of the EU. Among the main goals of the EU is to promote certain values, which raises the question of whether it has been efficient in (or enabled) reducing cultural value gaps among the participating countries. World polity and institutional isomorphism theories suggest that cultural values may trickle down in a vertical manner from the institutions of the EU to its member states and candidates. Furthermore, hybridisation theory postulates that values diffuse horizontally through intensified interactions enabled by the EU. These two perspectives imply the possibility of cultural convergence among countries associated with the EU. By contrast, the culture clash thesis assumes that differences in cultural identity prevent value convergence across countries; growing awareness of such differences may even increase the pre‐existing cultural value distances. To test these different scenarios, distances in emancipative and secular values are compared across pairs of countries using combined repeated cross‐sectional data from the European Values Study and the World Values Survey gathered between 1992 and 2011. This study finds that the longer a country has been part of the EU, the more closely its values approximate those of the EU founding countries, which in turn are the most homogenous. Initial cultural distance to the founders’ average values appears irrelevant to acquiring membership or candidacy status. However, new member states experienced substantial cultural convergence with old member states after 1992, as did current candidates between 2001 and 2008. Since 1992, nations not participating in the integration process have diverged substantially from EU members, essentially leading to cultural polarisation in Europe. The findings are independent of (changes in) economic disparities and suggest the importance of cultural diffusion as one of the fundamental mechanisms of cultural change. This empirical study contributes to the literature on European integration, political and sociological theories of globalisation, and cross‐cultural theories of societal value change.},
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12285},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12285},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {388-411},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {United in diversity? The convergence of cultural values among EU member states and candidates},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12285},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2019
}

@article{bellani2017never,
  abstract = {Lifelong singlehood is a relatively rare demographic phenomenon, averaging around 5% across the European Union, yet it varies considerably between European countries. This study seeks to explain that variation, advancing the central thesis that differences in lifelong singlehood reflect prevailing societal norms regarding gender roles. It hypothesizes that in societies which have not fully adapted to women’s changing social and economic roles, the propensity toward lifelong singlehood is higher, particularly among highly educated women. To examine this relationship, the study analyses the link between levels of gender egalitarianism and the likelihood of remaining single throughout life, both overall and differentiated by educational attainment. Using multilevel modelling techniques, the authors draw on data from the European Social Survey (ESS) and the European Values Study (EVS) collected between 2002 and 2014, focusing specifically on educational differences in non-partnering and estimating separate models for men and women. The results support the main hypothesis, revealing an inverse U-shaped relationship between gender equity and lifelong singlehood among women. This association is especially pronounced for highly educated women, whereas for low-educated men the relationship appears linear. The findings suggest that high levels of singlehood are concentrated in societies where traditional gender values have weakened but gender egalitarian norms have not yet become fully institutionalised. In contexts where gender egalitarianism has become normatively dominant, higher levels of partnering are observed among better-educated women and low-educated men. Overall, the study contributes both to the limited body of research on lifelong singlehood and to the broader literature examining the demographic consequences of the ongoing transformation of women’s roles.},
  author = {Bellani, Daniela and Esping-Andersen, Gøsta and Nedoluzhko, Lesia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {53-100},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Never partnered: A multilevel analysis of lifelong singlehood},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.4},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2017
}

@inproceedings{brechon2017religion,
  abstract = {Si les politologues français ont souvent mis en avant le fort et persistant poids de la variable religieuse dans les comportements électoraux, c’est moins le cas dans d’autres pays européens. Pourtant il est vrai que les variables religieuses y ont aussi de l’impact. L’intégration à un univers religieux ou irreligieux semblent avoir des effets importants sur l’intégration d’un système de valeurs qui à son tour contribue à orienter les comportements, notamment électoraux. Nous avons voulu tester ce poids des identités religieuses sur les attitudes politiques à partir des données du module « Citoyenneté » de l’enquête International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) en 2014 et nous comparons les résultats avec ceux de la même enquête en 2004 . Nous avons retenu huit pays occidentaux de l’Union européenne, trois de tradition catholique (Autriche, Espagne, France), trois de tradition protestante (Danemark, Finlande, Suède) et deux pays bi-confessionnels (Allemagne et Pays-Bas). Du point de vue politique, nous prenons en compte non seulement l’orientation politique mais aussi la politisation, les perceptions de la citoyenneté, la propension à voter, le potentiel protestataire et la confiance aux hommes et partis politiques. Du point de vue religieux, nous avons construit une échelle classique croisant la dénomination religieuse et l’intensité de la pratique. Les résultats montrent que, si l’implication en politique est avant tout dépendante du niveau de diplôme, le fait d’être intégré ou en dehors d’un système religieux joue un rôle non négligeable, tout comme la culture politique du pays. L’influence de l’intégration religieuse joue encore davantage sur l’orientation politique, les pratiquants étant dans tous les pays plus à droite que les non pratiquants et surtout les sans religion. Mais, la tendance est à la lente baisse de ces écarts, les valeurs religieuses étant aujourd’hui un peu moins déterminantes des valeurs politiques que dans les décennies passées. },
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Brechon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {AFSR Colloquium Political Parties and Religions},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.12590},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3950 ; ZA6670 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  pages = 12,
  study-id = {ISSP2004 ; ISPP214 ; EVS2008},
  title = {La religion explique-t-elle les attitudes politiques ? Ce que les enquêtes ISSP dans huit pays d’Europe occidentale permettent de conclure},
  year = 2017
}

@article{nn2000francais,
  author = {N.N.},
  day = 17,
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {La Libération},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  month = {November},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Les Francais heureux},
  year = 2000
}

@article{vanvlimmeren2016clusters,
  abstract = {Survey data are often used to map cultural diversity by aggregating scores of attitude and value items across countries. However, this procedure only makes sense if the same concept is measured in all countries. In this study we argue that when (co)variances among sets of items are similar across countries, these countries share a common way of assigning meaning to the items. Clusters of cultures can then be observed by doing a cluster analysis on the (co)variance matrices of sets of related items. This study focuses on family values and gender role attitudes. We find four clusters of cultures that assign a distinct meaning to these items, especially in the case of gender roles. Some of these differences reflect response style behavior in the form of acquiescence. Adjusting for this style effect impacts on country comparisons hence demonstrating the usefulness of investigating the patterns of meaning given to sets of items prior to aggregating scores into cultural characteristics.},
  author = {van Vlimmeren, Eva and Moors, Guy B. D. and Gelissen, John P. T. M.},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-016-0422-2},
  issn = {1573-7845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-24},
  title = {Clusters of cultures: diversity in meaning of family value and gender role items across Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-016-0422-2},
  year = 2016
}

@article{baker2011citizen,
  abstract = {The transfer of responsibilities from central to local government has often been justified on the grounds of efficiency and democracy under the principle of subsidiarity. The existing models for mapping local government power in Europe, however, are often insufficiently detailed to allow an in-depth comparison, and little is known about the level of citizen support for increasing the responsibilities of local government. This paper attempts to expand this knowledge base by using financial local government data and opinion data from the European Values Study to analyse these questions. It relates the level of local government responsibilities in Europe to the level of citizen support for increasing local government responsibilities. These findings are then used to develop a research agenda on local government measurement, and to reflect on the difficulties facing the European comparative local government researcher.    Keywords: • comparative local government • citizen attitudes • local government power • decentralisation • local government spending},
  author = {Baker, Keith and Van de Walle, Steven and Skelcher, Chris},
  journal = {Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  title = {Citizen support for Increasing the Responsibilities of Local Government in European Countries: A Comparative Analysis},
  url = {http://pub.lex-localis.info/index.php/LexLocalis/article/view/9.1.1-21%282011%29/84},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2011
}

@book{halman2010mapping,
  abstract = {Since the dramatic events in 1989 and 1990, Central and Eastern Europeans have been engaged in a process of democratization and liberalization which are transforming their societies fundamentally. The rapid transformation processes appear to be very differential and the particular patterns are complex to interpret and understand. This volume elaborates on a number of issues that seem particular important for the people in Central and Eastern Europe: the development and working of democracy, the public support for, legitimacy and efficacy of democracy and the free market economy, and of course the stability of the newly established political culture.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Voicu, Malina},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Voicu, Malina},
  isbn = {9789004185623},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 293,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies, 13},
  title = {Mapping Value Orientations in Central and Eastern Europe.},
  year = 2010
}

@article{langsaether2019class,
  abstract = {Influential theories of class voting assume that the phenomenon occurs because classes hold different political values, which in turn affect their party preference. However, we do not know how important this mechanism is. Hence, this article uses high-quality survey data from 12 Western European countries to study the association between class and voting. The results suggest that political values – including non-economic values – play a central role in accounting for this association, although substantial class differences persist even when holding political values constant. I furthermore argue that the relevance of this mechanism should vary by party family. Political values should account for class voting to the extent that parties give the voters clear signals on issues of relevance to the value orientations. As such, party behaviour not only affects the level of class voting, but the very nature of the link between class and voting. This article contributes first by testing one of the most important theories of the mechanisms behind class voting, and second by demonstrating how the parties’ behaviour affects this mechanism.},
  author = {Langsæther, Peter Egge},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  doi = {10.1080/17457289.2018.1464015},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2018.1464015},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {125-142},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Class voting and the differential role of political values: evidence from 12 West-European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2018.1464015},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2019
}

@book{friesl2009sterreicherinnen,
  abstract = {Was denken Österreicherinnen und Österreicher über Beziehung, Arbeit, Religion und Politik? Wie haben sich diese Einstellungen zwischen 1990 und 2008 verändert? Lassen sich Trends erkennen? Das Buch präsentiert die Werthaltungen der österreichischen Bevölkerung der letzten 20 Jahre und beleuchtet eingehend die Hintergründe und Ursachen dieser Einstellungen. "Die Österreicher/-innen“ richtet, ausgehend von der im Rahmen des Instituts für praktische Theologie 2008 zum dritten Mal durchgeführten „Europäischen Wertestudie“, seinen Fokus auf deren Österreich-Auswertung. Die Autor(inn)en gehen den obenstehenden Fragen auf den Grund und spüren mithilfe detaillierter Daten und Fakten schlüssige Antworten auf. Neben den Analysen der einzelnen Lebensfelder stellen sie Perspektiven und Handlungsempfehlungen dar. Dabei wird den Herausforderungen, die sich angesichts von Gegenwart und Zukunft für Familien, Politik und Kirche ergeben, ausreichend Platz eingeräumt Mit Beiträgen von u. a. Gudrun Biffl, Thomas Hofer, Erich Lehner, Katharina Renner, Andreas Steinmayr, Claudia Tschippan, Renate Wieser, Paul M. Zulehner. },
  address = {Wien},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10059},
  editor = {Friesl, Christian and Polak, Regina and Hamachers-Zuba, Ursula},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v1.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-7076-0295-1},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 352,
  publisher = {Czernin Verlag},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Die Österreicher/-innen. Wertewandel 1990-2008},
  year = 2009
}

@book{brechon2019france,
  address = {Grenoble},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric and Astor, Sandrine},
  isbn = {978-2-7061-4265-9},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  pages = 381,
  publisher = {PUG},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {La France des valeurs. Quarante ans d'évolutions},
  year = 2019
}

@article{rutkauskas2016paying,
  abstract = {This article investigates theoretical and practical aspects of tax morale in euro area countries. The attitude of households on tax payment – whether to pay taxes or not – is assessed quantitatively by employing dichotomous logit-probit regression analysis. Research is based on household level data received from World Values Survey and European Values Study. The results suggest that the main issues behind weak tax morale are corruption, disrespect to the country. Additionally tax morale is significantly affected by factors like age, gender, religiousness, gender, income and education. Article concludes on possible policy options in order to increase tax morale.},
  author = {Rutkauskas, Virgilijus},
  doi = {10.19197/tbr.v15i3.56},
  issn = {2451-0955},
  journal = {Torun Business Review},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {5-21},
  title = {Paying taxes in Euro area countries: issues behind tax morale},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.19197/tbr.v15i3.56},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2016
}

@article{sieben2017childrearing,
  abstract = {This study contrasts two theoretical perspectives on the relationship between intergenerational class mobility and child-rearing values. According to the dissociative thesis, which describes social mobility as a disruptive experience leading to insecurity, social isolation, stress and frustration, socially mobile individuals less often prefer community-oriented qualities such as tolerance and respect for other people, unselfishness, good manners and obedience. The beneficiary thesis, on the other hand, predicts that socially mobile individuals have a stronger preference for individual-based values such as hard work, determination, responsibility, independence and thrift. In both cases, these mobility effects are thought to be stronger for more extremely mobile individuals and for downwardly mobile compared with upwardly mobile individuals. However, using Dutch data from the European Values Study 2008, hardly any significant intergenerational mobility effects are found. Maybe intergenerational mobility is not such an extraordinary experience as mobility theory would lead us to believe, or mobile individuals adjust themselves very quickly to their new situation. },
  author = {Sieben, Inge},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1177/0268580917693954},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917693954},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Child-rearing values: The impact of intergenerational class mobility},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917693954},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{rossi2011legami,
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Rossi, Giovanna},
  booktitle = {Uscire dalla crisi. I valori degli italiani alla prova},
  editor = {Rovati, Giancarlo},
  isbn = {9788834321140},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {143-179},
  publisher = {Vita & Pensiero},
  title = {Legami e percorsi di coppia: le trasformazioni della coniugalità in Italia},
  year = 2011
}

@article{gozzo2017matters,
  abstract = {During the twentieth century, theoretical and empirical studies aimed to analyse changes in individual participation and in social and political dynamics. A great emphasis was attributed to the process of individualization. Young people were described as a generation with a limited political involvement, especially considering traditional forms of political participation, but more and more likely to search an “individualized” way towards the participation. Furlong and Cartmel bring back the youth identity to the thesis about the reflexive rebuilding of identity, according to which the individualization is a process due to some structural characteristics of post-industrial society. Employing data from European Values Study researches, we test if and how structural variables and contextual dynamics affect political involvement and its changes, with particular attention on youth involvement. Actually, participation takes the form of a multifaceted reality and youth individual profiles are heterogeneous. The process of individualization has, in this sense, different effects and various consequences on participation’s profiles. According to these considerations, this analysis shows the incidence of structural, contextual and cognitive dimensions on individual choices to participate, focusing on longitudinal plan and cohorts. A second step compares the causal importance of structural and cognitive dimension on different typologies of involvement.},
  author = {Gozzo, Simona and Sampugnaro, Rossana},
  issn = {2035-6609},
  journal = {Partecipazione e Conflitto},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  title = {What Matters? Changes in European Youth Participation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v9i3p748},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2017
}

@article{gesthuizen2019extrinsic,
  abstract = {Academic literature emphasizes the importance of work values to job satisfaction and commitment. There is agreement that work values are multidimensional—most often identified as having extrinsic and intrinsic elements. However, little work has gone into assessing the measurement invariance of work values in different contexts. In this contribution, we ask, Do we find similar patterns of extrinsic and intrinsic work values across different cultural contexts? As such, we investigate the validity of work values when they are applied in cross-national analyses by identifying sets of items that can be translated into scales of extrinsic and intrinsic work values that carry a similar meaning in those cultural contexts. We thus want to know which items that make up work values are best understood in diverse contexts and are most suitable for cross-cultural analysis. We tackle this issue by relying on the European Values Study 2008, as well as the CUPESSE data from 2016. The results reveal that there is a trade-off between the number of items researchers use to study work values and the number of countries analyzed if we aim for a more equivalent analysis of work values across Europe. },
  author = {Gesthuizen, Maurice and Kovarek, Daniel and Rapp, Carolin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0002716219829016},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219829016},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {60-83},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Extrinsic and Intrinsic Work Values: Findings on Equivalence in Different Cultural Contexts},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219829016},
  volume = 682,
  year = 2019
}

@book{stark2019demokratische,
  abstract = {Die Forschungsergebnisse in diesem Buch belegen den Wandel von einer kontinuierlichen zu einer periodischen, themenspezifischen Bürgerbeteiligung. Im Detail modifiziert eine individuelle Kombination aus konventionellen und unkonventionellen Partizipationsformen den bislang bevorzugten Gang zum Wahllokal. Darüber hinaus belegt Toralf Stark, dass vor allem die Ressourcenausstattung darüber entscheidet, wer politischen Einfluss ausüben kann. Bildung, Einkommen und politisches Interesse entscheiden maßgeblich über die Art und Häufigkeit politischer Beteiligung. },
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Stark, Toralf},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-24616-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-24615-0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 493,
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Demokratische Bürgerbeteiligung außerhalb des Wahllokals. Umbrüche in der politischen Partizipation seit den 1970er-Jahren},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-24616-7},
  year = 2019
}

@article{nn2018wertestudie,
  abstract = {Die Österreicher sehnen sich kaum nach einem "starken Führer", vertrauen dafür Polizei, Sozialversicherung und Gewerkschaften - Pluspunkte gab es auch beim Vertrauen in die Regierung. Das ergab eine Studie der Uni Wien.},
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Die Presse},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {ISSP2017},
  title = {Wertestudie: Zufriedenheit mit Demokratie und Politik gestiegen},
  url = {https://diepresse.com/home/innenpolitik/5517454/Wertestudie_Zufriedenheit-mit-Demokratie-und-Politik-gestiegen},
  year = 2018
}

@book{galland2001valeurs,
  abstract = {Y a-t-il aujourd'hui une crise des valeurs chez les jeunes? Ceu-ci manquent-ils de repères, comme le pensent certains, pour se situer dans une société en profond changement? Quelles sont leurs valeurs et comment ont ont-elles évolué au cours des dernières années en France? Pour répondre à ces questions, ce livre s'appuie sur les résultats, relatifs aux 18-29 ans, d'une grande enquête sur les valeurs des français. Réalisée à trois reprises en 1981, 1990 et 1999, cette enquête par questionnaire permet d'appréhender les évolutions depuis vingt ans et de faire des comparaisons entre les différentes générations. Résultat d'un travail d'équipe, l'ouvrage étudie l'ensemble des valeurs : famille, sociabilité, travail, politique, religion, normes sociales, mais aussi rôles féminins et masculins, relations aux institutions, appartenances associatives... autant de domaines de l'existence qui permettent de brosser un panorama complet de la jeunesse française. },
  address = {Paris},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11307},
  editor = {Galland, Olivier and Roudet, Bernard},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v1.0.0},
  isbn = {2-7475-1798-5},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book french},
  publisher = {L'Harmattan},
  series = {Débats Jeunesses, 8},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Les valeurs des jeunes. Tendances en France depuis 20 ans},
  url = {http://www.persee.fr/issue/debaj_1275-2193_2001_ant_8_1},
  year = 2001
}

@phdthesis{reynolds2017religion,
  abstract = {This thesis examines the relationship between religion and values through an analysis of the four waves of the European Values Study 1981 -2008. The thesis engages with key conceptualisations and theorisations of the relationship between religion and values from the fields of social psychology, classical and comparative sociology. These are then framed within major theories of social and cultural change, principally theories of modernization and secularization. The insights drawn from the theoretical literature are then formulated into a series of hypotheses that are tested in relation to a large subset of national samples from the four waves of the European Values Study. Firstly, the analysis comprises a cross-national comparison of the relationship between different dimensions of religiosity and values in different domains. The findings of these analyses suggest that there is considerable accord across Europe and over time, in the relationship between each dimension of religiosity and values in different domains. Secondly, the analysis assesses the strength and stability of the relationship between religiosity and values relative to key sociodemographic variables. The findings here show the relationship between each dimension and values is one that is relatively strong in comparison to, and net of the effects of, important sociodemographic variables. Thirdly, the analysis moves from the micro level to the macro level, and through multilevel analyses, assesses the degree to which individual religiosity, individual values, and their micro-level relationship, are contingent on macro-characteristics of societies. The findings here suggest that macro-level differences between societies are important in explaining both religiosity and values. Furthermore, the findings show that the relationship between religiosity and values is one that is contingent on these differences. In relation to macro-level characteristics used to explain these differences, operationalizations of core concepts in modernization and secularization theories, the findings are broadly supportive of secularization theory, with some noteworthy exceptions. Finally, the research asserts the importance of operationalizing the strong macro-level theory that makes up secularization paradigm in future empirical research.},
  author = {Reynolds, Caillin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religion, values, and secularization in Europe: a multilevel. cross-national, comparative analysis of the European Values Study Data},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10395/2097},
  year = 2017
}

@book{halman2011respect,
  abstract = {Nederlanders worden steeds egoïstischer. De samenleving verhardt en verhuftert. Alles moet hier maar kunnen. Kinderen moeten we vooral vrijlaten, maar moeders moeten het huishouden doen. Maar we blijven ook een land dat gastvrij en solidair is, met de blik op Europa. De kloof tussen burger en politiek blijft ongekend hoog. Dat is in een notendop hoe Nederlanders hun eigen samenleving zien. Dat beeld is echter niet correct, blijkt uit dit boek. Respect man! bevat een schat aan informatie over de waarden die Nederlanders er op nahouden en de veranderingen die zich daarin de afgelopen dertig jaar hebben voorgedaan. Nederlanders hebben juist weinig op met het idee dat ’alles moet kunnen’. Ze grijpen nog steeds terug op waarden van vroeger, zoals huwelijkstrouw, respect voor ouderen en eigen verantwoordelijkheid. Deze conclusie kan worden getrokken op basis van het Europese waardenonderzoek. Dit onderzoek richt zich op wat mensen in het leven waardevol en belangrijk vinden: waarden op het gebied van politiek en religie, gezin en familie, vrije tijd en werk, solidariteit en vertrouwen, milieu en geluk, euthanasie en abortus. De auteurs leveren met dit boek een bijdrage aan het debat over wie Nederlanders zijn, waar zij voor staan en wat er sinds de jaren tachtig in onze samenleving is veranderd. Het boek geeft verhelderende inzichten voor het vaak heftige debat dat al jaren wordt gevoerd over onze normen en waarden.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  editor = {Halman, L.C.J.M. and I.J.P., Sieben},
  isbn = {978-90-8863-076-7},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 274,
  publisher = {Celsus},
  title = {Respect man! Tolerantie, solidariteit en andere moderne waarden },
  year = 2011
}

@book{beckers2010komparative,
  abstract = {Die Autoren spannen ein Panorama verschiedener Ansätze und Methoden des primär variablenorientierten Vergleichens mit Umfragedaten auf und stellen eine Vielfalt von Zugangsweisen zu Vergleichen vor. Anhand von praktischen Beispielen angewandter empirischer Sozialforschung wird ein Überblick über verschiedene inhaltliche Themenfelder vermittelt. Werte, Moral, Bildung, Erwerbssituation, Wissensgesellschaft, Partizipation, Mediennutzung, Partnerschaft, Beziehungszufriedenheit, physische Attraktivität und Umweltbewusstsein illustrieren zudem aktuelle Methoden des Vergleichs. Darunter finden sich u.a. Varianten der Mehrebenenanalyse, unterschiedliche Pfad- und Strukturgleichungsmodelle, Panelmodelle und Zeitreihenanalysen. Das Vergleichen in einem weiteren Sinne kann nicht auf die offensichtlichen Aspekte wie Länder- und Zeitvergleiche beschränkt bleiben. Vielmehr sollten sich Sozialwissenschaftler auf verschiedenen Stufen des Forschungsprozesses bei der Nutzung ihrer Daten und der Anwendung ihrer Methoden fragen, wie vergleichende Elemente zu einem Erkenntnisgewinn und einer kritischen Prüfung ihrer Annahmen beitragen können. Hierfür liefern die versammelten Beiträge vielfältige Beispiele und geben anwendungsorientierte und daher praktisch nachvollziehbare Antworten.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Beckers, Tilo and Birkelbach, Klaus and Hagenah, Jörg and Rosar, Ulrich},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-92472-4},
  editor = {Beckers, Tilo and Birkelbach, Klaus and Hagenah, Jörg and Rosar, Ulrich},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 527,
  publisher = {VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften},
  title = {Komparative empirische Sozialforschung},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92472-4},
  year = 2010
}

@incollection{degroot2005beyond,
  address = {Münster},
  author = {de Groot, Kees},
  booktitle = {Religious leadership and christian identity},
  editor = {Nauer, Doris and Nauta, Rein and Witte, Henk},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {84-96},
  publisher = {LIT Verlag Münster},
  series = {Tilburg Theological Studies; No. 1},
  title = {Beyond parochialism: Roman catholic parishes re-discovering catholicity},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/819404/BEYOND__.PDF},
  year = 2005
}

@incollection{puccioni2017ruolo,
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Puccioni, Chiara},
  booktitle = {Una generazione in panchina, da Neet a risorsa per il paese},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10031},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4755},
  isbn = {978-88-343-3324-2},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {118-131},
  publisher = {Vita E Pensiero},
  series = {Quaderni Rapporto Giovani n.6},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Il ruolo del background familiare per i NEET italiani},
  url = {http://www.rapportogiovani.it/new/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/978-88-343-3324-2.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{dragolov2016methodology,
  abstract = {The multifaceted conceptual framework of the Social Cohesion Radar requires a sophisticated methodological design. This chapter outlines the data sources and methods employed to assess the level and development of social cohesion across 34 European Union and OECD member states over four time periods: Wave 1 (1989–1995), Wave 2 (1996–2003), Wave 3 (2004–2008), and Wave 4 (2009–2012). The Social Cohesion Radar relies exclusively on large-scale, internationally comparative secondary data drawn from high-quality academic and institutional sources. The nine dimensions of social cohesion are operationalised using a reflective measurement approach, whereby each dimension is conceptualised as a latent construct expressed through a set of interrelated indicators that remain interchangeable over time. The resulting country scores for each dimension are calculated as factor scores, which do not permit absolute comparisons but instead allow only relative statements about the degree of cohesion. In contrast, the three domain indices and the overall cohesion index are computed using a formative measurement approach, with each index representing the arithmetic mean of its respective constituent dimensions. The chapter also introduces the uniform colour-coding scheme applied throughout the book to facilitate interpretation of the results.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Dragolov, Georgi and Ignacz, Zsofia and Lorenz, Jan and Delhey, Jan and Boehnke, Klaus and Unzicker, Kai},
  booktitle = {Social Cohesion in the Western World: What Holds Societies Together: Insights from the Social Cohesion Radar},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.2310 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.10913 ; 10.4232/1.10937 ; 10.4232/1.10962 ; 10.4232/1.10968 ; 10.4232/1.10974 ; 10.4232/1.10983 ; 10.4232/1.10984 ; 10.4232/1.11430},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2310 ; ZA3430 ; ZA5400 ; ZA4804 ; ZA2637 ; ZA3387 ; ZA4229 ; ZA4411 ; ZA4506 ; ZA4529 ; ZA4530 ; ZA5233},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {15-34},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {ISSP1992 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2009 ; EVS1981-2008 ; EB43.1 ; EB54.1 ; EB62.0 ; EB63.4 ; EB65.2 ; EB67.1 ; EB67.2 ; EB73.3},
  title = {Methodology of the Social Cohesion Radar},
  year = 2016
}

@article{devillepin2011lvolution,
  author = {de Villepin, Lucie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Futuribles - Compte rendu de la table ronde du 9 février 2011},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {2-5},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {L’évolution des valeurs des Français},
  year = 2011
}

@article{kaya2019institutionalization,
  abstract = {This study examines church–state relations in Europe, and analyzes their influence on anti-immigrant attitudes. The literature explains this relationship primarily with religious demographics, or state privileges for the majority faith. Alternately, this study focuses on the status of the majority religion. It argues that, in countries with a national church, citizens are more likely to consider the institutionalization of a new religion to be occurring at the expense of the national heritage, and react negatively. To test that hypothesis, the study focuses on Muslim immigrants in Europe, and builds an index that gauges the extent to which European states institutionalize Islam. Then, employing multilevel regression analysis, it investigates how the institutionalization of Islam influences anti-Muslim prejudice in different contexts of church–state regimes. Individual-level data come from the latest wave of the European Values Study, and cover 31 countries. Findings indicate that, in European countries with a national church, institutionalization of Islam increases anti-Muslim prejudice. In countries without a national church, however, institutionalization leads to tolerance. These results confirm the continuing relevance of religion on the national level in Europe, despite the decline in individual religiosity.},
  author = {Kaya, Serdar},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/psj.12332},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Policy Studies Journal},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {793-818},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Institutionalization of Islam in Secular Europe: The Influence of State–Religion Relations on Anti-Muslim Attitudes},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/psj.12332},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2019
}

@article{maineri2019trust,
  abstract = {Vandaag viert Facebook haar 15e verjaardag. De sociale netwerksite, ooit door Mark Zuckerberg opgericht als online fotoboek voor zijn klasgenoten op Harvard University, heeft een felle groeispurt gekend, maar werd het afgelopen jaar met hevige groeipijnen geconfronteerd. Sociologen Angelica Maineri en Tim Reeskens gaan na of de controverse rondom datalekken het vertrouwen in sociale media heeft geschaad. },
  author = {Maineri, Angelica and Reeskens, Tim},
  journal = {Sociale Vraagstukken - Blog},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {In Zuck we trust?},
  url = {https://www.socialevraagstukken.nl/in-zuck-we-trust/},
  year = 2019
}

@article{weber2015zuwanderer,
  abstract = {The share of residents with foreign roots in Germany will rise considerably in the next years. A crucial societal question will certainly be whether natives will get used to the increasing level of ethnic diversity or whether anti-immigrant threat perceptions will rise. There is an obvious empirical paradox in the context of this question: On the one hand, high immigration usually coincides with more skeptical views towards immigration and greater success for right-wing political parties. On the other hand, these reactions are often over-represented in regions where the actual share of migrants is rather low. This paper presents an overview of theories and evidence on this apparent contradiction. A crucial factor which can at least partially reconcile these ambivalent findings is the geographic level of analysis: If the national share of migrants increases, media coverage of the topic is greater and fears among the population accordingly rise in most cases. On the level of regions, however, effects of contact and habituation are strongest, such that people living in high-immigrant regions tend to perceive immigration in a more positive way. On the level of city districts, the relationship seemingly turns negative again. Here, the more tolerant citizens live in residential areas with a low to moderate share of migrants, while natives living in districts with many foreigners tend to move away or vote for far-right parties, as the success of the ``Alternative for Germany'' (AfD) in the 2016 state elections suggests. A number of conclusions can be drawn with regard to current developments in Germany.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 31. Fassung, März 2017},
  addurl = {file://J:\Work\Allbus\ALLBUS\Bibliographie\Bibliographie 31. Fassung\Aufgenommene PDFs\Weber (2016) Mehr Zuwanderer, mehr Fremdenangst.pdf},
  author = {Weber, Hannes},
  availability = {20.10.2016},
  doi = {10.1007/s11609-016-0300-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4578 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4973},
  issn = {1862-2593},
  journal = {Berliner Journal für Soziologie},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 4,
  pages = {397-428},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EB71.3 ; ALLBUSkum1980-2012},
  title = {Mehr Zuwanderer, mehr Fremdenangst? Ein Überblick über den Forschungsstand und ein Erklärungsversuch aktueller Entwicklungen in Deutschland [More immigrants, more xenophobia? A review of the current state of research and an attempt to explain recent developments in Germany]},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11609-016-0300-8},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2015
}

@article{onraet2017happiness,
  abstract = { In the present study, we investigated the much debated “happiness gap” between conservatives and liberals, approaching the issue from a multilevel person × context perspective. More specifically, we investigated whether this relationship depends on country-level threat. We used individual-level data for right-wing attitudes and psychological well-being from 94 large, representative samples collected worldwide (total N = 137,890) and objective indicators of country-level threat as the contextual variable. Our results suggest that, especially in countries characterized by high levels of threat, individuals with right-wing attitudes experienced greater well-being than individuals with left-wing attitudes. In countries with a low level of threat, this relationship was considerably weaker or even absent. Our findings corroborate the view that right-wing attitudes may serve a self-protective function, helping individuals to manage and cope with threat. },
  author = {Onraet, Emma and Assche, Jasper Van and Roets, Arne and Haesevoets, Tessa and Hiel, Alain Van},
  doi = {10.1177/1948550616662125},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616662125},
  journal = {Social Psychological and Personality Science},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {11-19},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Happiness Gap Between Conservatives and Liberals Depends on Country-Level Threat},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616662125},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2017
}

@article{halman2018european,
  abstract = {The article describes the main stages of the development of a cross-national comparative and longitudinal survey research project on basic human values in Europe. It is noted that the relevance of focusing on values is that they function as prime guidelines in people's life and they also reflect many of the social changes that have taken place in Europe. A key result of the European Values Study project is that there is unity in diversity in Europe. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the new data collection provides researchers with information about current values and enables to find out if and to what extent and in which direction values are changing in a rapidly changing European society.},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Lomazzi, Vera},
  doi = {urn:nbn:nl:ui:12-7616d521-1007-41f5-b250-2710b481605d},
  journal = {Journal of Belarusian State University. Sociology},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {24-35},
  title = {European Values Studies},
  url = {https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/7616d521-1007-41f5-b250-2710b481605d},
  volume = 2018,
  year = 2018
}

@techreport{harding1980value,
  author = {Harding, Stephen D},
  institution = {Survey Research Unit, Polytechnic of North London},
  keywords = {1980 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro techreport},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {On Value Systems in Europe: a report on the preliminary values studies prepared for the European Value Systems Study Group},
  year = 1980
}

@article{reher2018gender,
  abstract = {Does public policy in Europe reflect women’s preferences equally well as men’s? This study compares the opinions of women and men with concrete policy on a set of 20 issues across a diverse range of policy areas in 31 European countries. It shows that the majorities of men and women frequently prefer the same policy. However, when they disagree, men’s preferences are more likely to be represented. Neither the proportion of women in parliament nor the left–right orientation of the government explains variation in women’s policy representation. Instead, a higher number of parliamentary parties increase the likelihood that policy reflects women’s views. This effect does not seem to be driven by left-libertarian politics or Green parties, even though women’s stronger support for ‘new politics’ issues is an important source of disagreement between men and women.},
  author = {Reher, Stefanie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10938 ; 10.4232/1.11378 ; 10.4232/1.10985 ; 10.4232/1.10987 ; 10.4232/1.11140 ; 10.4232/1.11428 ; 10.4232/1.11625 ; 10.4232/1.12006 ; 10.4232/1.12014 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.11994 ; 10.4232/1.3603 ; 10.4232/1.4887},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755773918000140},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3388 ; ZA3626 ; ZA4561 ; ZA4743 ; ZA4977 ; ZA5000 ; ZA5237 ; ZA5566 ; ZA5597 ; ZA3430 ; ZA3910 ; ZA4700 ; ZA4800 ; ZA5896 v1.0.0 ; ZA3603 1.0.0; ZA4887 v1.0.0},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {613-635},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study-id = {EB54.2 ; EB56.1 ; EB67.3 ; EB69.1 ; EB72.3 ; EB73.1 ; EB74.1 ; EB76.2 ; EB77.1 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2006 ; EVS2008 ; FlashEB114 ; FlashEB253 ; FlashEB388},
  title = {Gender and opinion–policy congruence in Europe},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2018
}

@article{halman2015secularization,
  abstract = {Analysing survey data from the European Values Study, we investigate whether and how changes in church attendance bring about changes in people’s acceptance of abortion, homosexuality, divorce, and euthanasia. We argue that decreasing church attendance not only should enhance overall acceptance of these moral issues, but it should also lead to greater diversity in opinions on them. From our analyses, we can indeed conclude that declining levels of church attendance have been accompanied by greater permissiveness and increased diversity in attitudes towards abortion, divorce, and euthanasia. However, opinions about homosexuality hardly seem affected by developments in religiosity. Moreover, the trends in Western and Eastern Europe appear rather different. Eastern Europeans are far more conservative; in fact, no significant changes in church attendance levels (on average) were found there. The association between church attendance and moral views is in general weaker in Central and Eastern Europe than in Western Europe, and is even absent in some cases.},
  author = {Halman, Loek and van Ingen, Erik},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcv064},
  eprint = {http://esr.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/5/616.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {616-627},
  title = {Secularization and Changing Moral Views: European Trends in Church Attendance and Views on Homosexuality, Divorce, Abortion, and Euthanasia},
  url = {http://esr.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/5/616.abstract},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2015
}

@article{rutkauskas2016factors,
  abstract = {This article investigates the theoretical and practical aspects of tax morale among households in European Union countries. The attitude of households on tax payment is assessed quantitatively by employing a dichotomous logit-probit regression analysis. The research is based on household-level data received from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study. Weak tax morale among European Union households is mainly determined by the perception of corruption, disrespect to one’s own country and parliament. Additionally, a household’s tax morale depends on age, gender, religiousness, level of income and education. Based on the findings of this article, a more precise policy guidance is presented.},
  author = {Rutkauskas, Virgilijus},
  doi = {10.15388/Ekon.2016.3.10325},
  issn = {2424-6166},
  journal = {Ekonomika},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {7-27},
  title = {Factors behind weak tax morale: the case of European Union countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15388/Ekon.2016.3.10325},
  volume = 95,
  year = 2016
}

@techreport{vecernik2018ranking,
  abstract = {In the Czech public and professional discourse, there is a strong rhetoric of a rooted egalitarianism of the society. This study thus traces various objective and subjective dimensions of socio-economic inequality in an attempt to examine the validity of this rhetoric. It uses various data on levels and trends in earnings, household income and living conditions in the Czech Republic in comparison with other European countries. The study examines data provided by the Czech Statistical Office, databases and publications of the European Commission, Eurostat, the OECD, and other institutions. In addition, own calculations based on data from the EU-SILC survey and comparative sociological surveys are presented. The data are arranged in such a way that it is always clear what position the Czech Republic occupies in a European ranking. In fact, Czech society is not the most equal in earnings, nor in the economic situation of its households. Although the country ranks among societies with low social inequality, Czechs are not ‘so exceptional’ in their objective economic equality, nor are they extraordinarily egalitarian in their attitudes.},
  author = {Večerník, Jiří and Mysíková, Martina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.12777},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA5400 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague},
  isbn = {978-80-7330-324-2},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english techreport},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP2009},
  title = {Ranking objective and perceived inequality. A comparison of the Czech Republic in the European context  },
  url = {https://www.soc.cas.cz/sites/default/files/publikace/vecernik_mysikova_-_ranking_objective_and_percieved_inequality_final.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{peiropalomino2019social,
  abstract = {This paper analyses the relationship between social capital and environmental performance in the European Union. In a first stage, environmental performance is measured by an index of eco-efficiency at the country level, computed using data envelopment analysis techniques and data for the year 2013. In a second stage, the influence of social capital and other relevant control variables on eco-efficiency is assessed by means of truncated regressions and bootstrapping, as proposed by Simar and Wilson (J Econom 136(1):31--64, 2007). For several model specifications, tests fail to reject the hypothesis of no effect of social capital on environmental performance, and the main driver of environmental performance is found to be the level of economic development, measured by GDP per capita. Furthermore, this result is robust to different definitions of social capital and sample periods.},
  author = {Peiró-Palomino, Jesús and Picazo-Tadeo, Andrés J.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s10640-018-0226-z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {1573-1502},
  journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {795-822},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Is Social Capital Green? Cultural Features and Environmental Performance in the European Union},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-018-0226-z},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2019
}

@article{veltri2016sulle,
  author = {Veltri, Giuseppe A.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Medium Italia},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Sulle differenze culturali in Italia: cosa ci dicono i dati},
  url = {https://medium.com/@gaveltri/sulle-differenze-culturali-in-italia-cosa-ci-dicono-i-dati-a435ed295243},
  year = 2016
}

@book{euchner2019morality,
  abstract = {This book introduces a new theoretical framework from which to understand religion and morality politics in Europe. This framework provides a first—and rather provocative—answer to the general debate on how religion influences policy-making processes. Specifically, the book argues that religion is more a strategic resource for political parties than a fundamental normative doctrine shaping political parties’ policy-making behavior in a systematic and coherent way. The framework proposes a mechanism (i.e. wedge issue competition) that can be used to identify and explain the conditions under which issues related to religious values rise and fall in parliaments of the religious world in Europe and what consequences we may expect in terms of policy reforms.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Euchner, Eva-Maria},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-10537-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-10537-2},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Morality Politics in a Secular Age: Strategic Parties and Divided Governments in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10537-2},
  year = 2019
}

@article{bengtsen2019anden,
  author = {Bengtsen, Diana},
  journal = {dr.dk - FOLKETINGSVALG},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Tæt på hver anden dansker stoler ikke på Folketinget},
  url = {https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/politik/folketingsvalg/taet-paa-hver-anden-dansker-stoler-ikke-paa-folketinget},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{jox2017perspektiven,
  abstract = {Während der Deutsche Bundestag im Jahr 2015 über eine gesetzliche Regelung des assistierten Suizids debattierte, waren Wissenschaftler und Forscher aufgerufen, ihre Verantwortung wahrzunehmen und die Gesetzgeber in einer neutralen, sachlichen und differenzierten Art und Weise über die vorhandene wissenschaftliche Evidenz zu diesem Thema zu informieren. Auch nach Inkrafttreten des Gesetzes hat diese Aufgabe nichts an Aktualität und Dringlichkeit eingebüßt. Dazu gehört unter anderem auch das Sammeln und Aufzeigen der Evidenz, die es über die Perspektive derer gibt, die von solch einem Gesetz vorrangig und existenziell betroffen sind: die Patienten und ihre Angehörigen.},
  address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
  author = {Jox, Ralf J.},
  booktitle = {Assistierter Suizid: Der Stand der Wissenschaft: mit einem Kommentar zum neuen Sterbehilfe-Gesetz},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-52669-9_6},
  editor = {Borasio, Gian Domenico and Jox, Ralf J. and Taupitz, Jochen and Wiesing, Urban},
  isbn = {978-3-662-52669-9},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {51-60},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  title = {Perspektiven deutscher Patienten und B{\"u}rger auf den assistierten Suizid},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52669-9_6},
  year = 2017
}

@article{hirschle2013secularization,
  abstract = {This research note contributes to an evaluation of the validity of secularization theory by studying the relationship between economic modernization and patterns of religious change. Both the disenchantment narrative of Berger and Weber and the existential security perspective of Inglehart hypothesize that economic development should be accompanied by a weakening of religious values. Using macro-level panel regressions, my analysis reveals that while economic growth is directly associated with diminishing church attendance rates, it is not directly associated with a decline in belief. The relation between economic growth and religious decline is therefore not primarily mediated by a secularization of consciousness. Findings instead indicate that economic prosperity leads to a change in consumption patterns on the part of individuals due to increased income and availability of alternative, secular opportunities to meet needs previously fulfilled by traditional religion. A decline in religious belief may occur as a secondary consequence of this behavioral change, since diminishing worship attendance rates reduce the influence of religion on value socialization. Neben anderen Datensätzen wird der ALLBUS 1982 und 1984 verwendet, um den Zusammenhang von wirtschaftlichem Wachstum, religiösem Glauben und Kirchgangshäufigkeit zu analysieren.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 28. Fassung, April 2014},
  author = {Hirschle, Jochen},
  availability = {13.03.2014},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12030},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {410-424},
  study = {ALLBUS1982 ; ALLBUS1984 ; Eurobarometer ; ISSP ; ESS},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {'Secularization of Consciousness' or Alternative Opportunities? The Impact of Economic Growth on Religious Belief and Practice in 13 European Countries},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jssr.12030/full},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{rossi2012legami,
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Rossi, Giovanna},
  booktitle = {L'Italia nell'Europa: i valori tra persistenze e trasformazioni},
  editor = {Pollini, Gabriele and Pretto, A.lbertina and Rovati, Giancarlo},
  isbn = {9788820405724},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {135-166},
  publisher = {FrancoAngeli},
  series = {Sociologia per la persona},
  title = {Legami e percorsi di coppia: le trasformazioni della coniugalità in Europa},
  year = 2012
}

@article{maurot2009franais,
  abstract = {La dernière enquête sur les valeurs des Français dessine un pays soucieux de liberté dans la sphère privée et d'égalité dans le domaine social. La famille reste de loin la valeur phare.},
  author = {Maurot, Elodie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {La Croix},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Ce à quoi les Français tiennent},
  url = {https://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Ce-a-quoi-les-Francais-tiennent-_NG_-2009-08-14-538217},
  year = 2009
}

@mastersthesis{calvo2017attitudes,
  abstract = {Attitudes toward globalization are of great importance. Not only do they represent what people of a country think about globalization, but they can play an active role in the political scene, especially in the case of democratic countries. In this thesis, the focus will be set on attitudes toward economic globalization. These attitudes were studied using surveys made in both the Benelux Union countries, as well as in the Visegrad group. These attitudes were compared with the survey’s benchmark, within each group and between groups, in order to find out the differences. Finally, ordered probit models were used, in order to determine which variables influence the likelihood in different countries and for the different years, to facilitate different time periods comparison. The results have shown that mostly, attitudes toward globalization are influenced by the circumstances that people encounter in their lives, together with their capacity to take advantage of opportunities, which means that attitudes are not innate. Attitudes toward globalization became more negative within the Benelux Union and the Visegrad group countries during the first decade of the 2000’s.},
  author = {Calvo, Rosa María},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.2880 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.12312},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA2880 ; ZA3910 ; ZA5950},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 102,
  school = {Radboud University Nijmegen School of Management},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP1995 ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013},
  title = {Attitudes toward globalization cross-country, cross-time study in the Visegrad group countries and Benelux Union countries},
  url = {http://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/4916},
  year = 2017
}

@article{vezzoni2015church,
  abstract = {The debate over religious change in Italy is far from having reached unanimous conclusions: some scholars point to an unbroken trend toward a decrease of religiosity, while others highlight the signs of a religious revival, especially in younger generations. Besides difficulties with definitions, different conclusions are also due to a lack of information over a sufficiently long period of time. This problem is tackled here by developing a pooled analysis of repeated cross-section surveys that span over four decades. Using six different studies, the article analyzes the secularization trend in Italy on the basis of church attendance that, despite well-founded criticism, continues to be a crucial indicator of this phenomenon. The results, estimated using multilevel models, show that the trend of attendance at Mass in Italy has decreased since the 1960s until today, despite a period of stability at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. The overall trend looks like a “recumbent S” trend (decrease up to the 1970s, stability in the 1980s, decrease afterwards). Thus, the claims of a religious revival in Italy are not supported by our results.},
  author = {Vezzoni, Cristiano and Biolcati-Rinaldi, Ferruccio},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12173},
  issn = {1468-5906},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {100-118},
  title = {Church Attendance and Religious Change in Italy, 1968–2010: A Multilevel Analysis of Pooled Datasets},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12173},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2015
}

@article{baute2018european,
  abstract = {This study investigates whether citizens' concerns about the EU's impact on social security are a distinct source of Euroscepticism. By analysing data from the European Values Study 2008, we show that citizens differentiate between domain-specific fears about European integration (i.e. about social security, national sovereignty, culture, payments and jobs), meaning that they cannot be reduced completely to a general fear about European integration. Furthermore, socioeconomic determinants and ideological position are more important in explaining citizens' fear about the EU's impact on social security than in explaining their generalised fear of European integration. In countries with higher social spending, citizens are more fearful of European integration in general, however, social spending does not affect fears about social security more strongly than it affects other EU-related fears. },
  author = {Baute, Sharon and Meuleman, Bart and Abts, Koen and Swyngedouw, Marc},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1177/1465116517749769},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116517749769},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {European Union Politics},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {European integration as a threat to social security: Another source of Euroscepticism?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116517749769},
  year = 2018
}

@article{eschapasse2000francais,
  author = {Eschapasse, Baudoin and Binesti, Corinne},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {La Vie},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 2886,
  pages = {10-15},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Francais, ou sont vos priorites?},
  url = {http://www.lavie.fr/archives/2000/12/21/francais-ou-sont-vos-priorites,3415303.php},
  year = 2000
}

@book{baloban2019vrednote,
  abstract = {U Europi se od 1981. godine kontinuirano, svakih desetak godina, provodi međunarodno istraživanje sustava vrednota te recepcije i primjene vrijednosnih orijentacija pod nazivom European Values Study (EVS). Hrvatska se u taj međunarodni projekt uključila s trećim valom istraživanja 1999. godine preko Katoličkoga bogoslovnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, koji je kao nositelj projekt interdisciplinarno okupio znanstvenike s različitih fakulteta Sveučilišta i znanstvenoistraživačkih instituta. Rezultate dosadašnjih istraživanja, kao i komentare istih, hrvatski su istraživači u posljednjih dvadesetak godina objelodanili u knjigama i časopisima na hrvatskom jeziku, kao i na stranim jezicima. U ovoj knjizi predstavljeni su određeni rezultati petog vala istraživanja u Hrvatskoj (2017./2018.), u komparaciji s trećim (1999.) i četvrtim valom (2008.) tako da se vidi kretanje (ne)prihvaćanja pojedinih vrednota u posljednja dva desetljeća u Hrvatskoj. Vrijednosti koje su istraživane su: obitelj, posao, religija, politika i slobodno vrijeme ; ZAtim solidarnost, pravednosti  socijalna osjetljivost kao i povjerenje u ljude i različite institucije, moral i etika te druge. Studiju su suizdali Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatsko katoličko sveučilište i Kršćanska sadašnjost.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip and Črpić, Gordan},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-953-11-119-66},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 102,
  publisher = {Kršćanska sadašnjost d.o.o. Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Zagreb Croatian Catholic University},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Vrednote u Hrvatskoj od 1999. do 2018. Prema European Values Study},
  year = 2019
}

@article{nikodem2018oekivanju,
  abstract = {Rad se temelji na analizi rezultata empirijskog istraživanja provedenog od siječnja do travnja 2017. godine na prigodnom uzorku studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta (N = 1270). Istraživanje je provedeno metodom ankete, odnosno grupnim anketiranjem, na studentima od prve do pete, odnosno šeste godine studija na trima sastavnicama Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (Filozofski fakultet, Fakultet strojarstva i brodogradnje i Medicinski fakultet) te na četirima odjelima Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta (sociologija, psihologija, povijest i komunikologija). Osnovni cilj rada jest prezentacija i analiza religioznosti zagrebačkih studenata na temelju dvaju empirijskih istraživanja provedenih 2005. i 2017. godine. Polazi se od opće pretpostavke da su religijske promjene kod dijela zagrebačkih studenata sukladne religijskim promjenama prisutnima u općoj populaciji u Hrvatskoj. Postavljene su tri radne hipoteze: prvo, da su studenti Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta skloniji kršćanskoj religioznosti od studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu; drugo, da su studentice sklonije kršćanskoj religioznosti od studenata; i treće, da je kršćanska religioznost studenata snažno povezana s njihovim političkim orijentacijama. Rezultati analize potvrđuju prvu i treću radnu hipotezu.},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav and Jurlina, Juraj},
  doi = {10.5673/sip.56.3.4},
  journal = {Sociology and Space},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article other},
  number = {3 (212)},
  pages = {273-298},
  title = {U očekivanju opadanja religioznosti? Komparativna analiza religioznosti zagrebačkih studenata},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5673/sip.56.3.4},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2018
}

@mastersthesis{daudova2011struktur,
  abstract = {The intention of this study is to compare nuptiality intensity and time distribution during the years 1980 – 1989 and 2000 – 2009. Major part of this study concerns with the nuptiality of unmarried people thus the main source of data for the analysis are nuptiality life tables of unmarried. This study contains also analysis of population structure according to age and marital status, opinion of the Czech population to the institution of marriage and rank of the Czech Republic in the international context. Results of the study shows that in the 80s of the 20th century indicatior of the nuptiality intensity and indicator of the nuptiality conjugation were stable. At that time people got married often and in lower age. The beginning of the 21st century was a dynamic period. During the whole first decade the intensity of nuptiality was decreasing while the age of the first marriage was increasing.},
  author = {Daudová, Alena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10059},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  pages = 65,
  school = {Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Změny struktur sňatečnosti v České republice: počátek 21. století versus 80. léta 20. století [Changing nuptiality patterns in the Czech Republic: start of the 21st century contrasted with the eighties of the 20th century]},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/50705/BPTX_2010_1__0_261623_0_49464.pdf?sequence=1},
  year = 2011
}

@book{tormos2019rhythm,
  abstract = {In The Rhythm of Modernization, Raül Tormos analyses the pace at which belief systems change across the developed world during the modernization process. It is often assumed that value change follows the slow rhythm of generational replacement. This book, however, reports trends that contradict this assumption in the field of values. Challenging Inglehart’s modernization theory, the transition from traditional to modern values happens much quicker than predicted. Many “baby-boomers” who were church-going, morally conservative materialists when they were young, become unchurched and morally tolerant postmaterialists in their later years. Using surveys from multiple countries over many years, and applying cutting-edge statistical techniques, this book shows how citizens quickly adapt their belief systems to new circumstances throughout their lives.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Tormos, Raül},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.10074},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004411913},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA3521 v2.0.1},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008; Mannheim EB-Trendfile 1970-2002},
  title = {The Rhythm of Modernization: How Values Change over Time},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004411913},
  volume = 132,
  year = 2019
}

@article{reinemann2016vergebliche,
  author = {Reinemann, Carsten and Fawzi, Nayla},
  journal = {Der Tagesspiegel},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  title = {Eine vergebliche Suche nach der Lügenpresse},
  type = {Newspaper},
  year = 2016
}

@article{nn2018zufriedenheit,
  abstract = {Die Österreicherinnen und Österreicher haben von der Politik ein positiveres Bild als noch vor zehn Jahren, die Demokratie genießt höchste Zustimmungsraten. Den Wunsch nach einem „starken Führer“ hegen „nur“ mehr 16 Prozent.},
  author = {N.N.},
  day = 22,
  journal = {Österreich.ORF.AT (science.orf.at)},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  month = {October},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Zufriedenheit mit Politik gestiegen},
  url = {https://oesterreich.orf.at/stories/2942989/},
  year = 2018
}

@book{hense2015politische,
  abstract = {Was hält die EU als demokratisches System im Inneren zusammen? Welche Voraussetzungen müssen erfüllt sein, damit sich auch in Krisenzeiten die Bürgerinnen und Bürger nicht von der Demokratie abwenden? Und kann eine demokratische Kultur und ein europäisches Bewusstsein in einem Land entstehen, das noch vor 20 Jahren in Kriege mit seinen Nachbarstaaten verwickelt war? Folgende Ausführungen stehen unter der Leitfrage, wie gut die politische Kultur des jüngsten EU-Mitglieds Kroatien mit der der übrigen Mitgliedsstaaten übereinstimmt und welche Einflussfaktoren für den Glauben an die Demokratie für die Bevölkerung von Relevanz sind. Auf Basis der Umfragedaten der European Values Study wird mittels einer Mehrebenenanalyse die Frage beantwortet, ob Ländermerkmale entscheidend für die Akzeptanz der Demokratie sind oder nicht vielmehr individuelle Merkmale der Bevölkerung - wie beispielsweise die Religiosität.},
  address = {Hamburg},
  author = {Hense, Svenja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-95934-545-3},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 96,
  publisher = {Diplomica Verlag},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Politische Kultur in Kroatien im europäischen Vergleich: Eine Analyse auf Basis der European Values Study},
  year = 2015
}

@article{nn2019sexualit,
  abstract = {Beaucoup sont insatisfaits du fonctionnement du système politique, mais n’en rejettent pas pour autant la démocratie. Et le libéralisme des mœurs et l’altruisme progressent. },
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Le Monde},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Mœurs, sexualité, politique… Les Français plus ouverts que leurs aînés},
  url = {https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2019/04/25/la-cohesion-de-la-societe-francaise-n-est-pas-aussi-menacee-qu-on-le-croit_5454574_3232.html},
  year = 2019
}

@article{dulmer2015testing,
  abstract = {Inglehart and Welzel (2005) argue that modernization moves in two phases. The transition from agrarian to industrial society fosters a shift from ‘traditional to secular-rational values’, the transition from industrial to postindustrial society a shift from ‘survival to self-expression values’. We test for the first time the measurement model and the explanatory model of the theory in a multilevel framework. To obtain a reliable measure, four items and the assumption of orthogonal value dimensions need to be given up. Testing our new, reliable measure confirms the explanatory component of the theory. Based on the new dimensions, societies and their culture zones are aligned on the cultural map more clearly along a diagonal that reflects economic development; disturbances by culture zones appear much less pronounced.},
  author = {Dülmer, Hermann and Inglehart, Ronald and Welzel, Christian},
  journal = {World Values Research},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {68-100},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Testing the Revised Theory of Modernization: Measurement and Explanatory Aspects},
  url = {http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSPublicationsPapers.jsp},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2015
}

@mastersthesis{kok2016europeanisation,
  abstract = {This study aims to describe and analyse the Europeanisation of defence policy in smaller member states. By using comparative analysis it will assess the impact of their EU membership on the national policies and institutions of three countries: the Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden.},
  author = {Kok, Caroline J. A. M.},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 57,
  school = {Universiteit Leiden},
  study = {EVS2008 ; Eurobarometer 2015},
  title = {Europeanisation of National Defence Policies},
  url = {https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/44914/Master%20thesis%20oktober.pdf?sequence=1},
  year = 2016
}

@book{recchi2019everyday,
  abstract = {Drawing on unique research and rich data on cross-border practices, this book offers an empirically-based view on Europeans'interconnections in everyday life. It looks at the ways in which EU residents have been getting closer across national frontiers: in their everyday experiences of foreign countries – work, travel, personal networks – but also their knowledge, consumption of foreign products, and attitudes towards foreign culture. These evolving European dimensions have been enabled by the EU-backed legal opening to transnational economic and cultural transactions, while also differing according to national contexts. The book considers how people reconcile their increasing cross-border interconnections and a politically separating Europe of nation states and national interests},
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Recchi, Ettore and Favell, Adrian and Apaydin, Fulya and Barbulescu, Roxana and Braun, Michael and Ciornei, Irina and Cunningham, Niall and Díez Medrano, Juan and Duru, Deniz N. and Hanquinet, Laurie and Pötzschke, Steffen and Reimer, David and Salamońska, Justyna and Savage, Michael and Jensen, Janne Solgaard and Varela, Albert},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.2307/j.ctvbqs785},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9781447334200},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  pages = 308,
  publisher = {Policy Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Everyday Europe : Social Transnationalism in an Unsettled Continent},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbqs785},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{brechon2017measuring,
  abstract = {After having provided a reminder of the diversity of definitions religious indifference and atheism may have, this chapter aims to measure irreligion in many countries thanks to the EVS and ISSP international quantitative surveys. From 1990 to 2008, secularization evolved slowly but steadily. This process does not lead to a disappearance of religions and to complete atheism and rejection of God, but rather to a loss of interest in religion, which, for many people, is no longer important in life. This low level of interest often goes hand in hand with uncertain, floating and blurred beliefs. But for strongly unreligious people, the value system is very different from that of religious people. Nevertheless, countries differ considerably: some European countries remain very religious while others are almost completely irreligious.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Religious indifference: new perspectives from studies on secularization and nonreligion},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.3190 ; 10.4232/1.11334},
  editor = {Quack, Johannes and Schuh, Cora},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA3190 v1.0.0 ; ZA4950 v2.2.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {143-170},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {Measuring Religious Indifference in International Sociological Quantitative Surveys (EVS and ISSP)},
  year = 2017
}

@phdthesis{khalil2017europe,
  abstract = {This dissertation connects an idea of Europe, the Kantian idea of Europe, with public opinion data measuring support for the EU. By the Kantian idea of Europe, I refer to the idea of the EU as a federation of independent republics. I look at multiple  dimensions of support for the EU. The first dimension is utilitarian. As the initial promise of the EU and its predecessor institutions was largely economic, I check if public support for the EU is contingent on economic performance and find mixed support for my hypotheses. The dimension I consider comes from revised modernization theory. I check and see if education, interest in politics and postmaterialist values play a role in determining support for the EU. Postmaterialists do support the EU more than materialists do, but stagnant levels of materialism over the last three decades means that we cannot rely on value change to provide support for the EU in the future. Next, I consider the minority nationalisms in European nation-states which have long sought greater autonomy vis-à-vis the nationstate. The EU was considered a vehicle for achieving this autonomy but its impact has been limited at best. I also check if people who are from these regions seeking greater autonomy are more supportive of the EU than others in their state. I find that support for this hypothesis is limited at best. Finally, I turn my attention to the creation of a European identity in opposition to an ‘other’, namely the Muslim immigrant. The question animating my analysis here is whether there is a nascent European nationalism which sees itself in opposition to the Muslim ‘other’. My analysis shows that those who are generally biased against immigrants do not support the EU. However, if we differentiate between immigrants from within the EU and those from outside the EU, there is much more support for the former. This doesn’t necessarily mean that there will be an affective European identity, but does lead me to conclude that there exists a base for one. All my analyses are conducted using data from the Eurobarometer and European Social Survey. Both the surveys provide a long time-series and ask questions which measure support for the EU.},
  author = {Khalil, Huzefa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4804 ; 10.4232/1.10953 ; 10.4232/1.12801},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v1.0.0 ; ZA3693 v1.0.1 ; ZA6788 v1.2.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {The University of Michigan},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EB58.1 ; EB86.2},
  title = {Europe: Requiem for an Idea?},
  url = {https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/140856/huzefak_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y},
  year = 2017
}

@inproceedings{campossoria2017destination,
  abstract = {Different studies have shown that environmental activists often display an attitude–behaviour gap when they go on holiday, failing to maintain the pro-environmental conduct they practice at home and thereby unintentionally contributing to negative environmental impacts. Drawing on attribution theory, this paper seeks to explain why individuals who are actively engaged in environmental protection in their everyday lives do not consistently uphold such behaviour while on vacation. It contributes to a better understanding of this phenomenon by analysing tourists’ environmental attitudes and distinguishing between those who choose domestic destinations and those who travel abroad. The study adopts a multilevel approach, as destination choice may influence pro-environmental attitudes differently across European countries. Given that individuals are nested within countries, a random slope logistic model is employed to account for the hierarchical structure of the data and to consider both individual-level and contextual variables simultaneously. This modelling strategy allows the variation in tourists’ environmental support to be decomposed into between-individual and within-country components, while permitting intercepts and slopes to vary randomly across countries. The empirical analysis covers the EU-27 and combines micro-data from Flash Eurobarometer 281, conducted by the European Commission, and the European Values Study with macro-level data from various international sources. The findings indicate that tourists travelling domestically exhibit environmental concerns that are approximately 15 percent higher than those travelling abroad. Furthermore, the statistically significant random slope variance associated with destination choice reveals heterogeneous patterns across countries. For example, tourists from the Netherlands, Ireland and Spain do not display significant differences in their environmental behaviour when travelling within their own country compared to travelling abroad.},
  author = {Campos-Soria, Juan Antonio and García-Pozo, Alejandro and Marchante Mera, Andrés J. and Núñez Carrasco, Aníbal},
  booktitle = {2017 International Academic Conference on Business, Stockholm, Sweden, June 4.-8.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10082},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5217},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  study = {EVS},
  study-id = {FlashEB281},
  title = {Does destination choice affect environmental attitudes of european tourists?},
  year = 2017
}

@article{chua2017human,
  abstract = {Human life history (LH) strategies are theoretically regulated by developmental exposure to environmental cues that ancestrally predicted LH-relevant world states (e.g., risk of morbidity–mortality). Recent modeling work has raised the question of whether the association of childhood family factors with adult LH variation arises via (i) direct sampling of external environmental cues during development and/or (ii) calibration of LH strategies to internal somatic condition (i.e., health), which itself reflects exposure to variably favorable environments. The present research tested between these possibilities through three online surveys involving a total of over 26,000 participants. Participants completed questionnaires assessing components of self-reported environmental harshness (i.e., socioeconomic status, family neglect, and neighborhood crime), health status, and various LH-related psychological and behavioral phenotypes (e.g., mating strategies, paranoia, and anxiety), modeled as a unidimensional latent variable. Structural equation models suggested that exposure to harsh ecologies had direct effects on latent LH strategy as well as indirect effects on latent LH strategy mediated via health status. These findings suggest that human LH strategies may be calibrated to both external and internal cues and that such calibrational effects manifest in a wide range of psychological and behavioral phenotypes. },
  author = {Chua, Kristine J. and Lukaszewski, Aaron W. and Grant, DeMond M. and Sng, Oliver},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/1474704916677342},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704916677342},
  journal = {Evolutionary Psychology},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Human Life History Strategies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916677342},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2017
}

@phdthesis{hoffarth2017religious,
  abstract = {Even in relatively tolerant countries, anti-gay bias remains socially divisive, despite being widely viewed as violating social norms of tolerance. From a Justification-Suppression Model (JSM) framework, social norms may generally suppress anti-gay bias in tolerant countries, yet bias may be “released” by religious justifications among those who resist gay rights progress. I hypothesized that more frequent religious attendance would be associated with greater anti-gay bias, that this relation would be stronger in countries where anti-gay bias more strongly violates social norms of tolerance, and that the relation between religious attendance and anti-gay bias would be partially accounted for by religious justifications. In Part 1, I examined the relation between religious attendance and anti-gay bias in the US. In Part 2, I examined the relation between religious attendance and anti-gay bias across different countries. Finally, in Part 3, I examined religious justifications for anti-gay bias. Across large, nationally representative US samples and international samples (representing a total of 97 different countries), over 215,000 participants, and various indicators of anti-gay bias (e.g., dislike, moral condemnation, opposing gay rights), more frequent religious attendance was uniquely associated with greater anti-gay bias, over and above religious fundamentalism, political ideology, religious denomination, and other theoretically relevant covariates. Moreover, in 4 of 6 multilevel models, religious attendance was associated with anti-gay bias in countries with greater gay rights recognition, but was unrelated to anti-gay bias in countries with lower gay rights recognition. Google searches for a religious justification (“love the sinner hate the sin”) coincided temporally with gay-rights relevant searches. In U.S. and Canadian samples, much of the association between religious attendance and Religious Attendance Anti-Gay III anti-gay bias was explained by “sinner-sin” religious justification, with religious attendance not associated with anti-gay bias when respondents reported relatively low familiarity with this justification. These findings suggest that social divisions on homosexuality in relatively tolerant social contexts may be in large part due to religious justifications for anti-gay bias (consistent with the JSM). Potential interventions building on these findings may include encouraging religious leaders to promote norms of tolerance and acceptance, increasing intergroup contact between frequent religious attenders and gays, and perspective-taking exercises.},
  author = {Hoffarth, Mark Romeo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  pages = 127,
  school = {Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {When and Why is Religious Attendance Associated with Anti-Gay Bias?
A Justification-Suppression Model Approach},
  url = {http://dr.library.brocku.ca/bitstream/handle/10464/12826/HoffarthPhD_Ethesis_Submission_June5_17.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{ferragina2016social,
  abstract = {Social capital is a multi-dimensional concept, which reinstates the importance of informal social networks, formal social networks and social trust for the functioning of societies and institutions. The study of European history and the increasing political and administrative autonomy of European regions offer theoretical and empirical ground to undertake research at the comparative level. In this respect, Beugelsdijk and Van Schaik (2005a; 2005b) proposed a first comparative measurement of social capital in European regions. In this chapter, I deal with the technical shortcomings of their work and I propose in conclusion a categorization of European regions based on classical sociological theory. The remainder of the chapter is as follows: first, I discuss the rationale to propose a cross-regional analysis of social capital in order to complement the traditional cross-national comparisons; second I analyse the most influential methods adopted to measure social capital; third, I discuss the method used in the chapter to categorize European regions and nations; and fourth, I compare the cross-regional and cross-national classifications. },
  author = {Ferragina, Emanuele},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Social Capital and Regional Development},
  editor = {Westlund, Hans and Larsson, Johan P.},
  isbn = {9781783476824},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {257-295},
  study = {SpecialEB223 ; SpecialEB273 ; EVS1999 ; EVS1990},
  title = {The social capital of European regions },
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781783476831.00016},
  year = 2016
}

@article{ariely2017global,
  abstract = {This paper explores the ways in which globalisation influences social identity. Combining a psychological social‐identity framework with sociological considerations regarding the contextual impact of globalisation, it tests whether global identification—that is, people's identification as global citizens—constitutes an inclusive category, negatively linked to xenophobic attitudes towards immigrants across countries and whether the actual country level of globalisation moderates the relationship between global identification and xenophobia. Unlike most psychological studies of globalisation, it draws its data from 124 national samples across 86 countries, with 154,760 respondents overall, using three different cross‐national surveys. Study 1 (International Social Survey Program National Identity Module III 2013; N = 39,426, countries = 32) evinces that while global identification is in fact negatively linked to xenophobia, the correlation is moderated by the country level of globalisation, countries marked by higher levels of globalisation exhibiting a stronger negative relation between global identification and xenophobia than those characterised by a lower level of globalisation. Study 2 (European Values Study 2008; N = 53,083, countries = 44) and Study 3 (World Values Survey 6; N = 65,251, countries = 48) replicated these results across other countries employing dissimilar scales for global identification and xenophobia. },
  author = {Ariely, Gal},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.12312},
  doi = {10.1002/ijop.12364},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA5950},
  issn = {1464-066X},
  journal = {International Journal of Psychology},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {S1},
  pages = {87-96},
  publisher = {John Wiley & Sons, Ltd},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2013},
  title = {Global identification, xenophobia and globalisation: A cross-national exploration},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12364},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2017
}

@phdthesis{lykes2016local,
  abstract = {Religion as culture shapes the worldview of its subscribers and thence attitude formation and preferences of individuals towards many topics including the environment. Research interest in the impact of religion soared in the late 1960s, in response to White's (1967) article in Science claiming that a huge burden of guilt for the environment crisis rested on the shoulders of Christianity. Although this Dominion Hypothesis highlights the contrast between Christianity and other religions, the contrast has not been addressed in systematic comparative cross-national research assessing whether Christians hold more negative environmental attitudes than other world religions. This dissertation fills that research gap. The Dominion Hypothesis does not exhaust the potential impacts of religion on environmentalism. For example, social psychology posits the importance of experience as well as of culture on attitudes about matters one encounters directly, so the dissertation posits the Direct Experience Hypothesis and confirms the differentiation of local from global environmental attitudes. Moreover, social psychology also directs our attention to the Reverence Hypothesis, that a subjective side effect of religiosity is reverence and responsibility for nature. To address the Dominion Hypothesis that Christians hold less environmentalist attitudes than their peers in other religious traditions, the direct experience effect, and the Reverence Hypothesis, this dissertation includes descriptive analysis, psychometric scale evaluations, OLS regression, and multilevel modeling of data from the pooled World Values Survey/European Values Survey. Findings are mixed on the Dominion Hypothesis, but consistently support the Direct Experience and Reverence Hypotheses.},
  author = {Lykes, Valerie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  school = {University of Nevada, Reno},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Local environmental attitudes, global environmental attitudes, and religion: An analysis in 47 tnations },
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{siegers2017religious,
  abstract = {Religions indifference is generally defined in terms of what it is not: it is neither a religious belief nor the denial of transcendental realities. Some studies suggest that indifferent individuals, although they have no religious beliefs and practices, turn to religion for specific occasions, e.g. religious rites of passage. This study focuses on factors influencing attitudes of religiously indifferent people towards religious rites of passage for birth, marriage, and death. Research hypotheses are drawn from the concept of vicarious religion and secularisation theory. The results show that religious factors influence whether indifferent individuals support religious rituals. In line with the concept of vicarious religion support for Churches increase the probability that individuals support religious rites of passage. In line with secularisation theory, support for religious rituals depends on a religious socialisation therefore reflects a habit. For those individuals that are not member in a church, value orientations are also related to support for religious rites of passage.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Siegers, Pascal},
  booktitle = {Religious Indifference: New Perspectives From Studies on Secularization and Nonreligion},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10059},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-48476-1_9},
  editor = {Quack, Johannes and Schuh, Cora},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v1.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-319-48476-1},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {171-192},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religious Indifference and Religious Rites of Passage},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48476-1_9},
  year = 2017
}

@phdthesis{castellani2019vertical,
  address = {Udine},
  author = {Castellani, Marco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {Università degli studi di Udine},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Vertical Integration and Social Capital: Theory and Empirics},
  year = 2019
}

@article{delhey2016europisierung,
  abstract = {Anknüpfend an das transaktionalistische Paradigma in der Tradition von Karl W. Deutsch und die Theorie des gestuften gesellschaftlichen Raums von Arndt Sorge wird in dem Beitrag der Frage nachgegangen, warum die Handlungs- und Einstellungshorizonte der Menschen in manchen EU-Staaten stärker europazentriert (und in diesem Sinne stärker „europäisiert“) sind als in anderen. Mit Umfragedaten aus mehreren Quellen wird durch partielle Korrelationsmodelle für die EU-27-Mitgliedstaaten gezeigt, dass sich die Determinanten der Europäisierung mit Blick auf den Handlungs- und Einstellungshorizont deutlich unterscheiden. Während bei den Handlungen vor allem die wohlhabenderen und kleineren Länder europazentriert sind, sind es bei den Einstellungen vor allem die postkommunistischen Staaten und jene, die geografisch im Zentrum der EU liegen und nicht protestantisch geprägt sind. Entgegen der transaktionalistischen Theorie haben Bevölkerungen mit einem europäischen Handlungshorizont keinen kongruenten Einstellungshorizont: „doing Europe“ und „feeling Europe“ fallen auseinander. Building on the transactionalist paradigm in the tradition of Karl W. Deutsch as well as on Arndt Sorge's theory of tiered social spaces, this study examines why everyday actions and attitudes are more centered on Europe (i.þinspacee. ``Europeanized'') in some EU member states than in others. Analyzing a variety of survey data on the EU-27 countries with partial correlation models, it is shown that the macro-level determinants of Europeanization differ between actions and attitudes. While actions are more Europe-centered in small and affluent countries, attitudes are more Europe-centered in post-communist states as well as in countries that are located in the geographical center of the EU and that do not have a protestant religious tradition. Contrary to transactionalist theory, the Europeanization of actions does not coincide with the Europeanization of attitudes: ``doing Europe'' and ``feeling Europe'' do not go hand in hand.},
  author = {Delhey, Jan and Deutschmann, Emanuel},
  doi = {10.1007/s11609-016-0307-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4413 ; ZA4526 ; ZA4743 ; ZA4971 ; ZA4973},
  issn = {1862-2593},
  journal = {Berliner Journal für Soziologie},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 1,
  pages = {7-33},
  study = {EVS2008},
  study-id = {EB64.1 ; EB66.1 ; EB67.1 ; EB69.1 ; EB71.1 ; EB71.3},
  title = {Zur Europäisierung der Handlungs- und Einstellungshorizonte: Ein makrosoziologischer Vergleich der EU-Mitgliedstaaten},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11609-016-0307-1},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2016
}

@techreport{wysmulek2017harmonizing,
  author = {Wysmułek, Ilona},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english techreport},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Harmonizing Corruption Items in Cross-national Surveys},
  url = {https://dataharmonization.org/2017/02/01/harmonizing-corruption-items-in-cross-national-surveys/},
  year = 2017
}

@book{dorfler2019elterliche,
  abstract = {Welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede bestehen bei der Aufteilung von bezahlter und unbezahlter Arbeit von Eltern in Österreich und Schweden und welche Ursachen lassen sich seit den 1990er Jahren feststellen? Sonja Dörfler untersucht das Verhalten von Müttern und Vätern und beleuchtet die Entwicklung der kulturellen und der familienpolitischen Ebene beider Länder hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf die elterliche Arbeitsteilung. Die Analysen zeigen, dass sich seither in beiden Ländern auf allen drei Ebenen ein progressiver Wandel vollzogen hat, wobei dieser in Schweden deutlich früher einsetzte und auch heute noch weiter fortgeschritten ist. Dieses Buch zeigt auf, welche konkreten Rahmenbedingungen von Seiten der Politik gesetzt werden können, um eine geschlechtergerechtere Arbeitsteilung bei Eltern zum Wohle der Gesamtgesellschaft zu erreichen.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Dörfler, Sonja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12661},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-23206-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  pages = 190,
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Elterliche Arbeitsteilung in Österreich und Schweden. Die Entwicklung institutioneller und kultureller Rahmenbedingungen von 1990 bis heute},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23206-1},
  year = 2019
}

@article{gonthier2015interventionism,
  abstract = {Based on the European Values Study, this article shows that the rejection of economic liberalism is not an epiphenomenon resulting from the 2007 crisis, but has been an underlying trend across the European Union since the 1990s. By examining attitudes towards the state, it shows that almost all Europeans became more interventionist between 1990 and 2008. Since the economic and political characteristics of individuals had a combined influence, this article emphasizes that social vulnerability is not always a sufficient condition for support for the state. Several similarities between the micro- and macrosociological levels are also observed. While the most vulnerable Europeans are the most supportive of the state, those living in countries with the greatest inequality are more likely to develop social demands. The few countries where interventionism is declining are those where confidence in institutions tends to be diminishing; thus also revealing the symbolic foundations of demands on the state.},
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric and Matthews, Toby},
  issn = {22717641},
  journal = {Revue française de sociologie},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-38},
  publisher = {Sciences Po University Press},
  title = {The Rise of Interventionism in the European Union and its Social Foundations: An Analysis of Economic Attitudes Between 1990 and 2008},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/revfransocieng.56.1.1},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2015
}

@techreport{voeten2016people,
  abstract = {In an important and already influential 2016 article in the Journal of Democracy, Roberto Stefan Foa and Yascha Mounk argue that citizens in consolidated democracies in Europe and the United States have “become more cynical about the value of democracy as a political system” and “more willing to express support for authoritarian alternatives” (Foa and Mounk 2016, p.7). Moreover, millennials are especially culpable. These are important and broad claims that are worthy of a systematic follow-up analysis. My purpose is not to replicate Foa and Mounk’s findings but to examine the veracity of their substantive claims more systematically. I show that there is no evidence for the first claim. Trends in overall support for democracy and its non-democratic alternatives have been flat for the past two decades. This finding is very robust to different ways of defining the countries of interest. There is some support for the second claim. Millennials are somewhat more favorably inclined towards non-democratic ways of ruling their countries even after we account for age. Nevertheless these effects primarily come from the United States. Moreover, when we look at confidence in actual democratic institutions, then the opposite pattern emerges: older people have lost faith in U.S. Congress and the Executive to a greater extent than younger people. },
  author = {Voeten, Erik},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2882878},
  institution = {Georgetown University - Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (SFS)},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  title = {Are People Really Turning Away from Democracy?},
  url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=2882878},
  year = 2016
}

@article{witschge2020curricular,
  abstract = {Country-case studies examining the relation between curricular tracking (ability sorting) in secondary education and civic and political engagement (CPE) have led to mixed findings. This calls for a comparative approach. Thus far, as a result of the available data, comparative studies examining the effect of curricular tracking on civic engagement have been cross-sectional in nature. In this paper, we introduce a longitudinal approach by drawing from two cross-sectional surveys with identical CPE measures for the same birth cohort before and after tracking (CIVED 1999 ; ISSP 2004 and EVS 2008). We examine the relation between the duration of curricular tracking and the development of CPE between the age of 14 and young adulthood in 25 countries. The results show that a longer tracked curriculum is negatively related to the development of civic and political engagement, particularly at the lower part of the distribution. Moreover, we find that the negative relation between length of the tracked curriculum and CPE is mediated by enrolment rates for higher education. This result suggests that tracking does not directly negatively affect civic and political engagement, but does so because it is associated with reduced participation in higher education.},
  author = {Witschge, Jacqueline and Werfhorst, Herman G. van de},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0001699318818650},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3950 v1.3.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Acta Sociologica},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {284-302},
  study-id = {ISSP2004 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Curricular tracking and civic and political engagement: Comparing adolescents and young adults across education systems},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699318818650},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2020
}

@article{henry2013jeunesse,
  abstract = {Si les grandes divergences qui opposaient les générations entre elles ont reculé, une fracture nouvelle sépare aujourd’hui les jeunes selon leurs niveaux de diplômes et leurs origines. Tel est l’enseignement majeur de la grande enquête sur les valeurs des jeunes Français depuis 30 ans publiée par l’Institut national de la jeunesse et de l’éducation populaire (Injep).},
  author = {Henry, Sylvain},
  journal = {Les Idées en mouvement},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 205,
  pages = 11,
  title = {Une jeunesse avec des valeurs, mais divisée},
  year = 2013
}

@book{galland2014jeunes,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Galland, Olivier and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {978-2-7246-3342-9},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book french},
  pages = 160,
  publisher = {INJEP},
  series = {Agora Débats/Jeunesses, n° 67},
  title = {Jeunes Européens: quelles valeurs en partage?},
  year = 2014
}

@book{galland2012jeunesse,
  abstract = {L’image de la jeunesse véhiculée par notre société, largement relayée par les médias, apparaît souvent simplificatrice : jeunesse dangereuse des quartiers dits « sensibles », jeunesse éloignée de la valeur travail, jeunesse dépolitisée et sans engagement, ou au contraire radicalisée et révoltée, des effets de grossissement médiatique centrés sur quelques faits de société tendant à être présentés comme des mutations sociales profondes portées par les jeunes générations. Pourtant, une approche comparative dans le temps montre que les changements sociaux sont moins rapides qu’on ne le pense et que leur interprétation doit être plus nuancée. Si la jeunesse évolue, ces évolutions sont généralement progressives et traduisent des réorganisations à l’œuvre dans les systèmes de valeurs. L’observation des transformations sur près de trente ans, à partir d’enquêtes par questionnaire menées auprès d’échantillons représentatifs de la population française, permet d’appréhender en profondeur les recompositions de l’organisation sociale du pays ainsi que les changements effectifs dans les valeurs et les comportements des jeunes. À la suite des vagues précédentes de 1981, 1990 et 1999, l’enquête réalisée en 2008 rend possibles des comparaisons entre jeunes et adultes, entre générations, et autorise une analyse des évolutions dans la durée. Disposer d’un recul de trente ans est exceptionnel pour une enquête par questionnaire, car toute comparaison temporelle exige la reconduction d’un même protocole, tant du point de vue des échantillons que des questions posées. Seules les enquêtes Valeurs ont maintenu, sur une période aussi longue, un ensemble de questions couvrant les principaux domaines de la vie, de sorte que la qualité des données recueillies et les possibilités analytiques offertes dépassent largement celles d’un simple sondage. Afin de mieux connaître la jeunesse, ses engagements et ses pratiques, l’Institut national de la jeunesse et de l’éducation populaire (INJEP), établissement public du ministère chargé de la jeunesse, est partenaire des enquêtes Valeurs depuis 1999 ; il a soutenu financièrement les deux dernières enquêtes et encouragé une analyse secondaire de leurs résultats pour les 18-29 ans. Le choix de cette tranche d’âge s’explique d’abord par une contrainte méthodologique, 18 ans constituant l’âge minimum des personnes interrogées dans les enquêtes internationales, certaines questions ne pouvant être posées à des mineurs sans autorisation parentale, tandis que les travaux et sondages portant sur les 15-17 ans permettent de retrouver certaines tendances observées. La borne supérieure a été fixée à 29 ans pour des raisons sociologiques, la jeunesse pouvant être définie comme la phase de préparation à l’exercice des rôles adultes et comme la transition vers les statuts correspondants ; comme l’a montré Olivier Galland, l’accès de plus en plus tardif aux statuts définissant l’âge adulte justifie de repousser la limite habituellement retenue en France à 24 ans et d’y inclure la classe d’âge immédiatement supérieure. La notion de valeurs renvoie, chez des sociologues tels qu’Émile Durkheim ou Max Weber, aux idéaux collectifs partagés qui fondent l’unité d’une société et orientent l’action des individus en leur fournissant des repères normatifs ; fondements des opinions et des comportements, ces valeurs ne sont pas directement observables et doivent être appréhendées à travers des indicateurs susceptibles d’en rendre compte. La recherche sur les valeurs repose ainsi sur un raisonnement par inférence, consistant à admettre une proposition en raison de sa cohérence avec d’autres propositions tenues pour vraies, ce qui conduit à élaborer des questionnaires construits autour d’indicateurs dont la pertinence a été éprouvée. Les valeurs d’un individu forment un ensemble relativement cohérent et, à l’échelle d’une société, certains modes d’articulation apparaissent plus fréquents que d’autres ; certaines valeurs font consensus, d’autres sont sources de conflit, mais elles ne disparaissent pas pour autant : acquises progressivement au cours de la socialisation, elles évoluent lentement. Pour comprendre à la fois la stabilité et les dynamiques de transformation d’une société, il est donc essentiel d’analyser les processus de recomposition des systèmes de valeurs, de repérer la manière dont les individus les réagencent et d’identifier ainsi les tendances d’évolution à l’œuvre.},
  author = {Galland, Olivier and Roudet, Bernard},
  isbn = {978-2-11-009089-8},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book french},
  series = {La Documentation Française},
  title = {Une jeunesse différente? Les valeurs des jeunes Français depuis 30 ans},
  year = 2012
}

@techreport{evans2017brexit,
  abstract = {Aversion to immigrants was a defining issue in political debates about Brexit and
has grown into a major issue in many European Union nations. But if Britons are
not uniquely hostile, then Britain's exit from the EU may be only the first symptom
of enduring conflicts that will plague EU nations in future years. A well-established
indicator of prejudice – aversion to outgroups as a neighbours – shows that
prejudice against immigrants, other races, Muslims, Hindus, Jews, and Gypsies are
all relatively low in Britain. This is as expected from the general decline of prejudice
with socioeconomic development, leaving Britain similar to other prosperous EU
and Anglophone nations. Confirmatory factor analysis suggests a single latent
ethno-religious prejudice generates all these specific prejudices. Replication using
other measures of prejudice and another cross-national dataset confirms these
findings. Detailed analysis of Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, and the USA
shows that prejudice in the EU declined to a minimum in the mid-90s, perhaps
lower than elsewhere, but is now rising steadily, becoming higher than elsewhere.
Data are from the pooled World and European Values Surveys (over 450,000
individuals, 300 surveys, and 100 nations for this analysis). Analysis is by
descriptive, multi-level, and structural equation methods.},
  author = {Evans, M.D.R. and Kelley, Jonathan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.25973.99048},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {University of Nevada and International Survey Center  },
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english techreport},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {BREXIT and Prejudice Against Immigrants: The UK is not Unique},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25973.99048},
  year = 2017
}

@article{marckmann2017relative,
  abstract = {Is the sense of obligation we feel towards our parents comparable to the one we feel towards our children? Most studies of normative solidarity measure only filial norms, that is, norms for children’s obligations towards parents, whilst largely ignoring parental norms, that is, norms for parents’ obligations towards children. This article quantitatively investigates parental and filial norms in 20 countries within 5 European regions. The article examines the question of whether the family cultures of North-West Europe can be understood as cultures of descending familialism, that is, cultures in which parental obligations are emphasised over filial obligations, as opposed to cultures of extreme individualism. The article contributes to the literature on family norms theoretically by showing that family cultures should be differentiated not merely by their strength but also by their direction, and methodologically by highlighting the importance of developing precise measures of both parental and filial norms. For the Nordic countries in particular, the analysis shows that the family culture is pluralistic, with the question of intergenerational responsibilities being one likely to provoke discussion in these societies for years to come. },
  author = {Marckmann, Bella},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2017.1290267},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1290267},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-26},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {All is not relative: intergenerational norms in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1290267},
  year = 2017
}

@book{frederiksen2019usikker,
  abstract = {Usikker Modernitet undersøger udviklingen i danskernes værdier over fire årtier og indfanger de historiske forandringer, som er foregået siden 1981. Danmark omtales ofte som et samfund kendetegnet af lykke, tillid og tolerance, hvor hverken religion eller social klasse for alvor deler befolkningen op, og hvor ligestilling, miljøbevidsthed og ikke-autoritær opdragelse er værdier, der samler de fleste. Det billede kan man imidlertid ikke tage for givet, da mange af disse værdier er forholdsvis nye, og nogle af dem endda kun findes hos en mindre del af befolkningen. I 2017 var der mange danskere, der var mindre lykkelige og mindre tillidsfulde, end de var blot et årti tidligere. Usikker Modernitet undersøger alt fra danskernes nationale stolthed, bekymring for indvandring, politiske deltagelse, politiske værdier, holdninger til overvågning og miljøbeskyttelse, frivilligt arbejde, religion, medborgermoral, ligestilling, opdragelse og oplevelse af ulykkelighed og analyserer udviklinger og tilbageslag i et sociologisk perspektiv. Bogen præsenterer resultaterne fra Den danske værdiundersøgelse. Undersøgelsen er en del af et europæisk projekt og foretaget siden 1981 og senest i 2017. Ved hver undersøgelse er der et stort antal spørgsmål, der er identiske, og derfor kan man – helt enestående – sammenligne over tid Bogen er redigeret af lektor i sociologi på Aalborg UniversitetMorten Frederiksen.},
  address = {Copenhagen},
  editor = {Frederiksen, Morten},
  isbn = {9788741275277},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book other},
  publisher = {Hans Reitzels Forlag},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Usikker modernitet - Danskernes værdier fra 1981 til 2017 },
  url = {https://hansreitzel.dk/products/usikker-modernitet-bog-50115-9788741275277},
  year = 2019
}

@book{moreau2019teachers,
  abstract = {Teachers, Gender and the Feminisation Debate critically engages with the claim that teaching is a feminised profession and offers a comprehensive and authoritative analysis of the way gender and power play out in the lives of male and female teachers. Informed by social constructivist, feminist theories of work and education, the book adopts a relational and intersectional approach to gender. Drawing on a range of primary and secondary sources, including national and international datasets, policy and research texts, and an original corpus of interviews conducted by the author in England and France, the book provides a timely assessment of a view of teaching as feminised. It explores the various discourses and debates about the feminisation of teaching which circulate in media and policy circles in a range of local, national and international contexts, and questions some of the claims underpinning these discourses. It also analyses the experiences of men and women who teach, looking at the way gender and power impact on their careers and private lives in the context of the feminisation debate. Teachers, Gender and the Feminisation Debate offers a research-informed and comprehensive account of gender issues in the teaching profession and will be of great interest to academics, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of education, sociology and gender studies.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Moreau, Marie-Pierre},
  doi = {10.4324/9781315201436},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Teachers, Gender and the Feminisation Debate},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315201436},
  year = 2019
}

@article{grizzle2015trusting,
  abstract = {Using data from the European Values Study, this article examines the mechanisms through which social capital facilitates volunteering in Nordic countries. Three specific mechanisms are examined as drivers of volunteering: Generalized trust, subjective well-being, and religious activity. We find that trust bridges social capital and that people volunteer more as their level of generalized and institutional trust increases. Our results also indicate that individuals with higher levels of well-being and those who attend religious services regularly are more likely to volunteer.},
  author = {Grizzle, Cleopatra and Yusuf, Juita-Elena (Wie)},
  doi = {10.1080/17448689.2015.1117230},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2015.1117230},
  journal = {Journal of Civil Society},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {384-401},
  title = {Trusting, Happy, Religious, and Giving: Explaining Volunteering in the Context of Nordic Exceptionalism},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2015.1117230},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2015
}

@article{gaulhofer2016frdert,
  author = {Gaulhofer, Karl},
  day = 13,
  journal = {Die Presse},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article german},
  month = {October},
  title = {Fördert Ungleichheit den sozialen Frieden?},
  type = {Newspaper},
  url = {https://www.diepresse.com/5100790/foerdert-ungleichheit-den-sozialen-frieden},
  year = 2016
}

@article{lomazzi2018consolidamento,
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera and Vezzoni, Cristiano},
  doi = {10.3280/SR2018-116012},
  issn = {1971-8446},
  journal = {Sociologia E Ricerca Sociale },
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 116,
  pages = {143-158},
  title = {Consolidamento e innovazione nelle surveys transnazionali europee},
  url = {http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/Scheda_rivista.aspx?idArticolo=62218},
  year = 2018
}

@article{grabbe2016survive,
  author = {Grabbe, Heather and Lehne, Stefan},
  journal = {Carnegie Europe},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Can the EU Survive Populism?},
  url = {http://carnegieeurope.eu/2016/06/14/can-eu-survive-populism-pub-63804},
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{dejonge2017combining,
  abstract = {We applied the Reference Distribution Method to pool time series on life satisfaction in the USA, Japan, The Netherlands and Spain, using results from the World Values Survey to derive reference distributions from. This resulted in consistent time series spanning almost 60 years for Japan, 40 years for The Netherlands and 35 years for the USA and Spain. Life satisfaction in Japan and The Netherlands was almost equal in the eighties, but at present differs more than one point in favor of The Netherlands. Life satisfaction in Spain reached its lowest value of 6.0 in 2012, but has increased since then to 6.3 in 2015.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {DeJonge, Tineke and Veenhoven, Ruut and Kalmijn, Wim},
  booktitle = {Diversity in Survey Questions on the Same Topic: Techniques for Improving Comparability},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-53261-5_11},
  isbn = {978-3-319-53261-5},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {123-147},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  title = {Combining and Pooling of Time Series on Life Satisfaction in the USA, Japan, The Netherlands and Spain},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53261-5_11},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{ramet2017macedonias,
  abstract = {How successful or unsuccessful has Macedonia been since its declaration of independence in 1991? The question sounds simple enough. At first glance, one is inclined to say that it has been unusually unsuccessful, even by Balkan standards. The country has been blocked by Greece in its quest to join the European Union (EU) and NATO, was forced – again by Greece – to change its flag and modify its constitution to renounce territorial aspirations it never nurtured, and was admitted to the United Nations only under the humiliating name Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia – a designation which suggests to Macedonians that their state is a kind of pariah. Then there is the fact that 30.4 per cent of its people were living below the poverty line in 2011 (see the Introduction to this volume). Again, as noted in the Introduction, Macedonia's ranking on press freedom in 2015 was the lowest among the seven Yugoslav successor states. And finally, there is the extent of corruption through which the ruling party has maintained itself in power since 2006 (detailed below in the subsection Allegations of Abuse of Power and in the section Political Transformation II below). On the other hand, Macedonia was successful in staying out of the War of Yugoslav Succession (1991–95) as well as the 1999 War for Kosovo, avoided being carved up between Greece and Serbia in 1992, and has been relatively successful in boosting revenue from tourism, earning 110 million euros from that sector in 2013. In addition, in 2001, an Albanian insurgency was successfully resolved with the signing of the Ohrid Peace Accords (discussed below). In March 2004, the Republic of Macedonia applied for membership in the European Union. The European Commission reviewed the country's application and delivered a favorable opinion in November 2005 and, the following month, Macedonia was granted candidate status. In order to gain membership in the EU, Macedonia will have to meet certain criteria laid down by the European Council at its meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark, in June 1993.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Ramet, Sabrina P.},
  booktitle = {Building Democracy in the Yugoslav Successor States: Accomplishments, Setbacks, and Challenges since 1990},
  doi = {10.1017/9781316848289.012},
  editor = {Ramet, Sabrina P. and Hassenstab, Christine M. and Listhaug, Ola},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {287-320},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  title = {Macedonia's Post-Yugoslav Reality: Corruption, Wiretapping, and Stolen Elections},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.1017/9781316848289.012},
  year = 2017
}

@mastersthesis{tuckova2013rozvod,
  abstract = {This bachelor thesis deals with divorce and the history of divorce situation till the beginning of the 21st century. It describes the essential divorce problem areas, lists both negative and positive divorce consequences, specific effects of divorce on children, historical evolvement of legal regulations of divorce and their present-day form and current development trends in the Czech Republic. Empirical part of the thesis analyses opinion shifts on family and divorce in Czech population between years 1991 and 2008 and social heredity of divorce behaviour and alternative attitudes towards family and marriage based on the data from 2008.},
  author = {Tučková, Markéta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  pages = 56,
  school = {Univerzita Karlova v Praze},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Rozvod ve 21. století [Divorce in the 21st century]},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{chiva2018candidate,
  abstract = {This chapter examines the supply and demand model of candidate recruitment in the context of post-communist Europe. Altogether, it seeks to make a prima facie case as to where the balance of the evidence lies with respect to identifying the mechanisms sustaining men's numerical over-representation in politics over the post-communist period. I find that that the mechanisms responsible for sustaining male over-representation in politics over the post-communist period are located primarily at the stage where party gatekeepers select candidates for political office. Additionally, there is also some (for now, limited) evidence that supply-side factors---time, rather than motivation---also play a role in the shift from eligible to aspirant. However, there is virtually no evidence that electorates in the post-communist region actively prefer male candidates to the extent that they vote against women in elections.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Chiva, Cristina},
  booktitle = {Gender, Institutions and Political Representation: Reproducing Male Dominance in Europe's New Democracies},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1057/978-1-137-01177-0_3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-1-137-01177-0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {49-80},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Candidate Selection and Male Dominance in Europe's New Democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-01177-0_3},
  year = 2018
}

@article{peiropalomino2019geography,
  abstract = {This paper assesses the role of the associational activity dimension of social capital in regional innovation for 257 EU 28 regions in the pre-crisis (2000–2007) and the crisis (2008–2012) period. The analysis is carried out using flexible non-parametric kernel regressions, which allow for exploring heterogeneity across space and over time. The results show that effects widely differ across regions, but no differences are found between periods. In particular, the largest effects are found for less developed and transition regions from the periphery. In contrast, for most of the developed regions in the core of Europe the impact is non-significant. These results might be useful for policy design in the H2020 framework.},
  author = {Peiró-Palomino, Jesús},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/pirs.12337},
  eprint = {https://rsaiconnect.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pirs.12337},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {1435-5957},
  journal = {Papers in Regional Science},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {53-73},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The geography of social capital and innovation in the European Union},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12337},
  volume = 98,
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{polesna2013reproduknho,
  abstract = {The aim of this work is to analyze the changes in reproductive behavior within the second demographic transition in five countries of Europe. The Czech Republic, Estonia, The Netherlands, Finland and Portugal were selected. Each of them represents one of trajectories of the second demographic transition in the European region. Within theoretical concept of the second demographic transition the research of cultural factors was particularly stressed as they are considered to be the main factors of stimulation of the changes. Attention was focused on the analysis of value orientation of selected populations using data of the European Values Study (EVS) and the International Social Survey (ISSP). Analysis of reproductive behavior in
those countries was included as well. It was found out, that changes in value orientation in the post-communistic countries couldn´t have been the only determinant of changes in reproductive behavior. Moreover, the value change has been still taking place even in the countries where the second demographic transition started three or four decades ago. The European-wide mechanism of the  differentiation in value orientations has been identified. The holders of liberal and the individualistic values have become rather more educated, young, unmarried people and those living in larger cities. Thus, the analysis suggested post-communist countries have been approaching, the North-western European countries. The analysis of the reproductive behavior in the chosen European countries confirmed the existence of the general factors behind the second demographic transition in all countries. The trajectories that have been explored on the basis of the time sequence of the course of second demographic transition show that the paths of
the second demographic transition have been different in Europe. Probably the causes of thedifferent paths are of cultural, social, historical, religious and economic character. },
  author = {Polesná, Helena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.2620},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA2620 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  pages = 261,
  school = {Univerzita Karlova v Praze},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP1994},
  title = {ZMĚNY REPRODUKČNÍHO CHOVÁNÍ Z POHLEDU DRUHÉHO DEMOGRAFICKÉHO PŘECHODU VE VYBRANÝCH EVROPSKÝCH ZEMÍCH [Changes in Reproductive Behaviour Within the Second Demographic Transition in the Selected European Countries]},
  url = {https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/51766/DPTX_2011_1_11310_0_362537_0_118678.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y},
  year = 2013
}

@book{ramet2017building,
  abstract = {Building democracy in societies that have known only authoritarian rule for half a century is complicated. Taking the post-Yugoslav region as its case study, this volume shows how success with democratisation depends on various factors, including establishing the rule of law, the consolidation of free media, and society's acceptance of ethnic, religious and sexual minorities. Surveying the seven successor states, the authors argue that Slovenia is in a class by itself as the most successful, with Croatia and Serbia not far behind. The other states - Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Kosovo - are all struggling with problems of corruption, poverty, and unemployment. The authors treat the issue of values as a policy problem in its own right, debating the extent to which values have been transformed by changes in education and the media, how churches and women's organisations have entered into the policy debate, and whether governments have embraced a programme designed to effect changes in values.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  doi = {10.1017/9781316848289},
  editor = {Ramet, Sabrina P. and Hassenstab, Christine M. and Listhaug, Ola},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  title = {Building Democracy in the Yugoslav Successor States. Accomplishments, Setbacks, and Challenges since 1990},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316848289},
  year = 2017
}

@book{brechon2017european,
  abstract = {In sharp contrast to the popular belief that values are converging and becoming increasingly standardized, this book draws on the EVS surveys to show that Europe remains very diverse in terms of values orientations toward the major issues of everyday life. It also addresses how and in what direction values are actually changing, thus emphasizing the joint influence of key factors like secularization, economic development, the rise in educational attainment levels and the welfare state. Written by the team of political scientists and sociologists who are carrying out the EVS surveys in France, this books leads to the striking conclusion that increasingly individualized value systems do not necessarily mirror a more individualistic society. },
  address = {Leiden, Niederlande},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004341067},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-90-04-34106-7},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 294,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies, No. 17},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {European Values. Trends and Divides Over Thirty Years},
  url = {https://brill.com/view/title/34523},
  year = 2017
}

@article{dulmer2018impact,
  abstract = {Moral rules that forbid killing, stealing, or cheating exist in every society. In the highly insecure environment of traditional societies, such rules claim absolute validity and have to be followed strictly (moral universalism/absolutism). Laid down by benevolent metaphysical powers, moral rules ensure maximal predictability, permitting the individual to cope with high levels of stress caused by insecurity. Modernisation, rationalisation, and secularisation change the application mode of moral rules. In modern societies, since the consequences of right action can no longer be assigned to metaphysical powers, people have to take responsibility for the foreseeable consequences themselves: conflicts become possible between moral rules and the negative consequences of morally right actions. As a result, formerly strict moral rules become prima facie rules which are applied context-sensitively (moral contextualism/restricted moral universalism): grey areas of moral dissent come into existence. In the highly secure environment of modern welfare states, people can tolerate more moral ambiguity, which however does not mean that basic moral rules lose their universal validity. Based on these considerations it is expected that younger cohorts are morally more tolerant than older ones. Since moral judgment requires cognitive skills, more highly educated people are assumed to be better able to distinguish under what conditions moral rule obedience is required and under what conditions an exception might be morally justifiable. The empirical results based on the European Values Study 2008 confirm these expectations.},
  author = {Dülmer, Hermann},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {The Aoyama Journal of Global Studies and Collaboration},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {81-107},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Impact of Modernisation and Culture on Morality and Moral Change in Europe: From Universalism to Contextualism},
  url = {http://jairo.nii.ac.jp/0132/00042256/en#news16721},
  year = 2018
}

@article{barone2017educational,
  abstract = {This article assesses trends over time in the influence of social origins on educational attainment in 26 European countries. We use a cumulative dataset that merges the European Social Survey (waves 2002–2010), the International Social Survey Programme (1999, 2009) and the European Value Study (2008). Our contribution to the literature is threefold. First, we replicate as closely as possible the previous study by Breen et al. [(2009) ‘Nonpersistent in educational attainment: Evidence from eight European countries’, American Journal of Sociology 114: 1475–1521] and extend it to a larger set of countries and to more recent cohorts. Second, we reassess the argument that equalization does not involve Higher Education. Third, we consider whether our conclusions change if we use a more comprehensive measurement of social origins that jointly incorporates indicators of social class, social status and parental education. We detect a generalized reduction of educational inequalities in the post-war decades. When we focus on Higher Education, we still detect evidence of equalization, although to a lower extent. Our analyses do not support the claim that, when using a more comprehensive treatment of social origins, the patterns for different indicators evolve in opposite directions. },
  author = {Barone, Carlo and Ruggera, Lucia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.11506},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2017.1290265},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1290265},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA3430 ; ZA5400},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2009},
  title = {Educational equalization stalled? Trends in inequality of educational opportunity between 1930 and 1980 across 26 European nations},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1290265},
  year = 2017
}

@techreport{meyers2019lebenssituationen,
  abstract = {Diese von der Universität Luxemburg im Auftrag des Ministeriums für Bildung, Kinder und Jugend durchgeführte Studie ist explorativ angelegt. Mit einem Mixed-Methods-Ansatz wurden einerseits internationale Datenerhebungen zu Einstellungen der Gesamtbevölkerung und eine LGBT*-Befragung sekundär für Luxemburg ausgewertet. Zweitens wurde der politische und mediale Diskurs mittels einer qualitativen Dokumentenanalyse untersucht. Den dritten Teil bildet eine Analyse von qualitativen Interviews mit acht Jugendlichen (davon zwei trans* Personen), sowie sieben Expert_innen. Durch die geringe Fallzahl sind die vorgestellten Ergebnisse als Einblick in die Lebenssituationen, jedoch nicht als abschließende Gesamtuntersuchung der Situation von lesbischen, schwulen, bisexuellen und trans* Jugendlichen in Luxemburg einzuordnen.},
  address = {Esch/Alzette},
  author = {Meyers, Christiane and Reiners, Diana and Samuel, Robin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Universität Luxemburg},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro german techreport},
  language = {german},
  pages = 132,
  series = {INSIDE Research Reports},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Lebenssituationen und Erfahrungen von lesbischen, schwulen, bisexuellen und trans* Jugendlichen in Luxemburg},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10993/39441},
  year = 2019
}

@article{halman2019values,
  abstract = {The increase in international survey research projects investigating basic orientations reveals that the grand sociological theories fall short in explaining the often large differences between populations in contemporary societies that continue to exist. There is more than modernization to explain varieties. Institutions, culture, history, policies, all appear to affect people's values. Our review of current state-of-the-art cross-national research activities demonstrates that increasingly multilevel analysis techniques are applied to address either modernization or institutionalism, or both. From various theoretical perspectives, hypotheses are extracted about the impact of the context on values in a specific domain. The selected studies include very different contextual features to explain varieties in domain-specific value orientations, which clearly proves that there are different mechanisms at work in the distinct value domains. The studies reveal that ``context matters,'' but also that it is essential to include individual-level characteristics, at least as controls. Quite often, the individual attributes appear differently distributed in different countries, which may be the main reason why differences in value orientations between countries remain.},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Gelissen, John},
  doi = {10.1007/s11577-019-00602-0},
  issn = {1861-891X},
  journal = {KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {Supplement 1},
  pages = {519–543},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Values in Life Domains in a Cross-National Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-019-00602-0},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2019
}

@article{ayoub2017getting,
  abstract = { Global attitudes involving homosexuality are changing rapidly. Tolerance toward lesbian and gay relationships has increased in almost every continent. More often than not, younger people have been at the forefront of this change. In this article, we explore explanations for this cross-national phenomenon. Specifically, we test to see whether contextual factors, those that allow lesbian women and gay men to freely express themselves or to gain cultural representation in the media, have driven this transformation. The results show that inter-cohort effects, or more liberal attitudes among younger people, are related to the pervasiveness of a nation’s mass media and to the presence of press freedom. This research suggests a strong link between increasing mass support for minority rights and the factors that encourage and allow minorities to express their viewpoints to others. These findings have broad implications, in that they help us understand the growing global acceptance around gay rights. },
  author = {Ayoub, Phillip M. and Garretson, Jeremiah},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1177/0010414016666836},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414016666836},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1055-1085},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Getting the Message Out: Media Context and Global Changes in Attitudes Toward Homosexuality},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414016666836},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2017
}

@inproceedings{meyers2017intergenerational,
  abstract = {he global crisis and its negative consequences on living conditions in Europe have led in some countries to massive protests, especially among young persons. Kern et al. (2015) argue that this rising and sudden political engagement can be explained by grievance theory: individuals whose interests are threatened react by engaging themselves politically. However, they also demonstrate that political participation in a more long-term perspective is better explained by the civic voluntarism model. Brady et al. (1995) establish that resources like time, money and civic skills are central for getting politically active. Persons with a low socioeconomic status who possess fewer resources are generally less political active. In a long-term perspective the economic crisis and the deterioration of living conditions should lead to less political participation of young people. I want to use the civic voluntarism model to analyse and describe the changing political participation forms of different generations. Generations are defined as persons having experienced similar historical conditions when growing up, thus developing similar values and beliefs (Grasso, 2014). I will look at the generation of the baby boomers born after World War II and compare them to the generation Y born before the turn of the millennium. Both generations grew up in times of social changes and challenges. I will use a broad definition of participation, which integrates political and social engagement, to look at the different participation modes of the generations (Meyers & Willems, 2016; Sloam, 2014; Dalton, 2008). The analysis is based on data of the European Values Study and uses multivariate methods (factor and cluster analysis) to determine different engagement types within the two generations in Western Europe. Are there signs that the young generation disengages from society? Do they engage themselves in other ways than the older generation? How can the civic voluntarism model help to explain the differences between older and younger generations?},
  author = {Meyers, Christiane},
  booktitle = {ESA RN30 Midterm Conference 2017, in association with ISA RC34 ‘Global Youth Futures: Perspectives and Prospects’, Ericeira, 15.-18.01.2017},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Intergenerational differences in social and political participation in Western Europe},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10993/29549},
  year = 2017
}

@article{ruck2018religious,
  abstract = {The decline in the everyday importance of religion with economic development is a well-known correlation, but which phenomenon comes first? Using unsupervised factor analysis and a birth cohort approach to create a retrospective time series, we present 100-year time series of secularization in different nations, derived from recent global values surveys, which we compare by decade to historical gross domestic product figures in those nations. We find evidence that a rise in secularization generally has preceded economic growth over the past century. Our multilevel, time-lagged regressions also indicate that tolerance for individual rights predicted 20th century economic growth even better than secularization. These findings hold when we control for education and shared cultural heritage.},
  author = {Ruck, Damian J. and Bentley, R. Alexander and Lawson, Daniel J.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aar8680},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 7,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religious change preceded economic change in the 20th century},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar8680},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2018
}

@article{coutinho2016religiosity,
  abstract = {This paper has three aims. The first aim is to measure religiosity across all European countries through an index that combines beliefs, practices, and attitudes. The second aim is to analyse the strength of societal factors on religiosity, including modernisation, communist rule, national identity, religious pluralism, and religious freedom. The final aim is to group European countries by religiosity and to characterise each cluster by dominant religions and these five societal factors. Based on EVS 2008, it was applied multivariate analysis to reach these aims. Cluster 1 is mainly composed of Orthodox, Muslims, and Catholics; cluster 2 of Catholics, Orthodox, and people without religion; cluster 3 by people without religion, Protestants, and Catholics. Across clusters, the degree of human development, religious pluralism, and religious freedom increase, while the degree of national identity decreases.},
  author = {Coutinho, José P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.7458/SPP2016816251},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 81,
  pages = {163-188},
  study-id = {ISSP2008},
  title = {Religiosity in Europe: an index, factors, and clusters of religiosity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7458/SPP2016816251},
  year = 2016
}

@book{ramos2013opinio,
  address = {Lisboa},
  author = {Ramos, Alice and Pereira, Cícero Roberto and Barreto, José and Tavares, José and Chambel, Maria José and Magalhães, Pedro and Aboim, Sofia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro book other},
  publisher = {Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {20 Anos de opinião pública em Portugal e na Europa},
  url = {https://www.pop.pt/download/20-anos-opiniao-publica.pdf},
  year = 2013
}

@article{kentmencin2015participation,
  abstract = {Although Turkey is no stranger to protest events, there has been only limited research into why some people participate in protests, such as demonstrations and boycotts, while others do not. Using the 2008 European Values Study data, this paper investigates how socio-economic and demographic variables, political attitudes and orientations, social capital and religiosity explain variations in the likelihood of engaging in unconventional political activity in Turkey. Comparing results for Turkey with results for the European Union (EU), the present study finds that traditional explanations of participation in unconventional forms of political action in stable democracies do not seem to explain participation in Turkey. Education, institutional trust, democratic satisfaction and religious beliefs are the only factors that shape non-traditional participation in Turkey. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics, political attitudes and orientations, social capital and religious beliefs explain most of the variation in unconventional activism in the EU. },
  author = {Kentmen-Çin, Çiğdem},
  doi = {10.1080/14683857.2015.1015314},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2015.1015314},
  journal = {Southeast European and Black Sea Studies},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {223-237},
  title = {Participation in social protests: comparing Turkey with EU patterns},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2015.1015314},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2015
}

@techreport{koopmans2018ethnische,
  abstract = {In einem großen Feldexperiment haben wir die Ursachen von Diskriminierung gegenüber Bewerbern mit Migrationshintergrund untersucht. Dazu versendeten wir tausende Bewerbungen von fiktiven Personen an reale Stellenausschreibungen in acht Berufen im gesamten Bundesgebiet. Neben der Ethnizität der Bewerber (deutschstämmig oder Migrationshintergrund in einem von 34 Herkunftsländern), ihrem phänotypischen Erscheinungsbild (Schwarz, Weiß oder Asiatisch) und ihrer Religionszugehörigkeit (keine, Christlich, Muslimisch oder Buddhistisch/Hinduistisch) variierten wir weitere Merkmale der Bewerbungen, wie das Geschlecht des Bewerbers, den Notendurch-schnitt, ob der Bewerbung ein Referenzschreiben beilag und ob Informationen über die derzeitige Vertragssituation bereitgestellt wurden. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass Bewerber mit Migrationshintergrund gegenüber Bewerbern ohne Migrationshintergrund diskriminiert werden. Allerdings variiert das Ausmaß der Diskriminierung deutlich zwischen Herkunftsgruppen: Bewerber mit Migrationshintergrund in West- und Südeuropa sowie Ostasien werden nicht signifikant diskriminiert, während andere Herkunftsgruppen erhebliche Nachteile erfahren. Auch Bewerber mit schwarzem Phänotyp und mit muslimischer Religion erfahren signifikante Diskriminierung. Mit Blick auf die klassischen Erklärungsansätze für Diskriminierung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt - d.h. präferenzbasierte und statistische Diskriminierung - zeigen unsere Analysen, dass die kulturelle Distanz zwischen Herkunftsländern und Deutschland die Diskriminierung gegenüber verschiedenen Gruppen deutlich besser erklärt als leistungsbezogene Gruppenmerkmale wie der durchschnittliche Bildungsstand. Somit sprechen unsere Befunde stärker für präferenzbasierte Diskriminierung als für statistische Diskriminierung. [We conducted a large-scale field experiment to investigate the drivers of discrimination against second generation immigrant job applicants. To these ends, we sent thousands of applications from fictitious persons to real job openings in eight professions all over Germany. Next to job applicants’ ethnicity (German or migration background in one out of 34 origin countries), phenotype (Asian, Black, White), and religious affiliation (none, Buddhist or Hindu, Christian, or Muslim), we varied several other characteristics of the applications, such as applicants’ gender, final grades, whether or not a reference letter was included, as well as information about applicants’ current contract. Our results confirm that employers discriminate against immigrant job applicants. The magnitude of discrimination, however, varies strongly between origin groups. Whereas employers do not discriminate against Western and Southern European and East Asian immigrants, other origin groups experience significant disadvantages. In addition, we observe substantial disadvantages for Black and Muslim job applicants. With respect to classic theories about the drivers of discrimination on the labor market, that is, taste-based and statistical discrimination, we find that the cultural distance between origin countries and Germany explains discrimination against different groups much better than productivity-related group characteristics, such as average levels of education. Consequently, our empirical findings are more supportive of taste-based discrimination than they are of statistical discrimination theories.]},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Koopmans, Ruud and Veit, Susanne and Yemane, Ruta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {WZB - Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro german techreport},
  number = {SP VI 2018-104},
  series = {Discussion Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Ethnische Hierarchien in der Bewerberauswahl: Ein Feldexperiment zu den Ursachen von Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung},
  url = {https://bibliothek.wzb.eu/pdf/2018/vi18-104.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@phdthesis{malisauskaite2018versus,
  author = {Mališauskaitė, Gintarė},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  pages = 135,
  school = {University of Kent, School of Economics},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {East versus West: did Communist Regimes matter in the Long-run? Essays on the Comparative Economics of the Former Eastern Bloc Countries},
  url = {https://kar.kent.ac.uk/71525/1/68Thesis_GM_redacted.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{hall2017political,
  abstract = {This chapter explores the roots of redistributive social solidarity in the developed democracies. Banting and Kymlicka (Cahpter 1, this volume) define social solidarity as a worldview widespread among the populace, with civic, democratic and redistributive dimensions, whereby individuals tolerate views and practices they dislike, accept democratic decisions even if those run counter to their beliefs or interests, and support relatively generous provisions to help the disadvantaged. Although solidarity can also be judged by the policies of a community, in this formulation, solidarity refers to a set of attitudes widely shared within the community or nation. My focus is on the redistributive dimension of social solidarity, namely the willingness of people to see governments redistribute resources to the less advantaged, and my interest is in understanding how such attitudes come to be widely shared and sustained within a society. Although the sources of support for social rights are not identical to those for civil and political rights, this account can inform our more general understanding of the roots of social solidarity (Marshall 1950).},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Hall, Peter A.},
  booktitle = {The Strains of Commitment. The Political Sources of Solidarity in Diverse Societies},
  chapter = 8,
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10227 ; 10.4232/1.11378 ; 10.4232/1.10889 ; 10.4232/1.2310 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  editor = {Banting, Keith and Kymlicka, Will},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5438 v1.0.0 ; ZA3626 ; ZA171 ; ZA2310 ; ZA3430 ; ZA3910 ; ZA5400 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {9780198795452},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {201-232},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {FlashEB279 ; EB56.1 ; EB31A ; ISSP1992 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2009 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Political Sources of Social Solidarity},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{knutsen2018party,
  abstract = {This chapter focuses on describing the data, countries, party systems and the macro-level variables used for explaining the empirical patterns in the subsequent chapters. The chapter commences with a brief description of the comparative data set that is used -- the European Values Study 2008--2010. The 18 West European countries that are included in the study are then presented. The case is made for grouping the countries into four regions on the basis of party systems and welfare state regimes. The party choice variable used is then presented and political parties are grouped into party families. The final parts of the chapter present the macro-level variables, the measures for advanced industrialism and party system characteristics.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Knutsen, Oddbjørn},
  booktitle = {Social Structure, Value Orientations and Party Choice in Western Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-52123-7_2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-319-52123-7},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {33-58},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Data Set and the Party Systems of the 18 Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52123-7_2},
  year = 2018
}

@article{kelley2016societal,
  abstract = {Abstract Income inequality has been contentious for millennia, a source of political conflict for centuries, and is now widely feared as a pernicious “side effect” of economic progress. But equality is only a means to an end and so must be evaluated by its consequences. The fundamental question is: What effect does a country's level of income inequality have on its citizens' quality of life, their subjective well-being? We show that in developing nations inequality is certainly not harmful but probably beneficial, increasing well-being by about 8 points out of 100. This may well be Kuznets's inverted “U”: In the earliest stages of development some are able to move out of the (poorly paying) subsistence economy into the (better paying) modern economy; their higher pay increases their well-being while simultaneously increasing inequality. In advanced nations, income inequality on average neither helps nor harms. Estimates are from random-intercept fixed-effects multi-level models, confirmed by over four dozen sensitivity tests. Data are from the pooled World Values/European Values Surveys, Waves 1 to 5 with 169 representative national samples in 68 nations, 1981 to 2009, and over 200,000 respondents, replicated and extended in the European Quality of Life Surveys. },
  author = {Kelley, Jonathan and Evans, M.D.R.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.04.020},
  issn = {0049-089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research },
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-23},
  title = {Societal income inequality and individual subjective well-being: Results from 68 societies and over 200,000 individuals, 1981–2008},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X16302216},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2016
}

@article{obrizan2018quantifying,
  abstract = {Previous literature has shown substantially lower levels of self-reported health in transition countries. The current paper provides the most recent estimates of the size of the transition gap in self-rated health by using up to 241,698 observations from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study collected between 1989 and 2014. The estimated gap is in the range of 12.7--23.7 percentage points lower probability of reporting `Very Good' or `Good' self-rated health which indicates that the process of transition is far from completion at least based on a subjective evaluation of health.},
  author = {Obrizan, Maksym},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1057/s41294-018-0067-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1478-3320},
  journal = {Comparative Economic Studies},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Quantifying the Gap in Self-Rated Health for Transition Countries Over 1989--2014},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41294-018-0067-3},
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{klicperovabaker2018democratic,
  abstract = {A generation after the democratic revolutions of 1989, most post-communist countries remain democratic. However, citizens differ by their identification with democratic values and by the prevalence of five main ``(non)democratic mentalities'' which we derived from the European Values Study (EVS). Our focus was on three post-communist regions: (a) the post-soviet core countries (Russia, Moldova, Ukraine), (b) ex-soviet Baltics (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), and (c) Central European ``Visegrad'' countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia). Results indicate that democrats (i.e., secular democrats and religious democrats) are represented in every country; their incidence is higher among elites and among the young; yet democrats in all post-communist countries constitute a minority. Intolerant traditionalists are most typical for the post-soviet core countries, while passive skeptics constitute majority in the post-communist Central Europe and plurality in the Baltics. Passive skepticism can be interpreted in terms of an enduring ``post-communist syndrome.''},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Klicperova-Baker, Martina and Kostal, Jaroslav},
  booktitle = {Changing Values and Identities in the Post-Communist World },
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4804},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-72616-8_2},
  editor = {Lebedeva, Nadezhda and Dimitrova, Radosveta and Berry, John},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v1.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-319-72616-8},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {27-51},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Democratic Values in the Post-Communist Region: The Incidence of Traditionalists, Skeptics, Democrats, and Radicals},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72616-8_2},
  year = 2018
}

@phdthesis{jo2010study,
  abstract = {Recent years have seen increasing attention on culture within the school of social policy and the development in theorising the relationship between culture and welfare. However, the cultural analysis of welfare has not been sufficiently supported by empirical evidence. Within the existing research, the causal effect of culture on social policy is either abstract (historical) as the cultural foundations of welfare or nebulous as welfare attitudes which are conversely dependent upon welfare policy. This research aims to find and show the empirical evidence for the effect of culture on social policy. A critical review of prominent theoretical arguments and empirical work on the relationship between culture and welfare leads us to a conceptualisation of the cultural context for policy making with the societal values which are neither as abstract as the universal human basic values nor as concrete but situation-dependent as public opinion, and of the effect of culture on social policy as twofold: the ex-ante causal effect and the ex-post legitimacy control effect. Drawing on all three waves of European Values Study and corresponding World Values Survey data we attempt to measure the societal values within 22 OECD countries, which are comparable across time and country, equivalently obtainable both at the individual and collective levels and stable over time.},
  author = {Jo, Nam Kyoung},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {The University of York},
  title = {A study of the cultural explanation of welfare: the effect of values on social policy within the welfare states. Heslington, University of York},
  url = {http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/850},
  year = 2010
}

@article{brigevich2018regional,
  abstract = {The rise of “new regionalism” is one of the most salient features of the post-Cold War international order. Despite the resurgence of regionalism in Europe, little consensus exists on how regional identity impacts public opinion toward the European Union. To remedy this problem, this study examines the impact of three types of individual-level regional identity on support for integration: parochialism (exclusive regionalism), inclusive regionalism, and pseudo-exclusive regionalism. Contrary to scholarly expectations, the multilevel analysis reveals that inclusive regionalists are as equally Eurosceptic as parochial regionalists. In general, regional identity depresses support for integration unless it is expressly combined with a supranational identity. This finding holds true even in minority nations, where respondents are, on the whole, less Euro-friendly.},
  author = {Brigevich, Anna},
  doi = {10.1177/1465116518793708},
  journal = {European Union Politics},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {639-662},
  title = {Regional identity and support for integration: An EU-wide comparison of parochialists, inclusive regionalist, and pseudo-exclusivists},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116518793708},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2018
}

@book{krivy2013slovensk,
  address = {Bratislavá},
  author = {Krivý, Vladimir},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book},
  publisher = {Sociologický Ústav SAV},
  study = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2002},
  title = {Ako Sa Mení Slovenská Spolocnost},
  year = 2013
}

@book{brechon2013atlas,
  abstract = {Qui sont les Européens ? Ont-ils une identité culturelle et des valeurs communes ? La construction européenne a-t-elle permis de créer un espace plus homogène ? Observe-t-on au contraire la persistance de frontières invisibles, tracées par l’histoire, la religion ou marquées par l’antagonisme Est/Ouest ?  Résultat d’une enquête – la European Values Study – menée depuis plus de trente ans, cet atlas offre un panorama complet des valeurs des Européens. Avec près d’une centaine de cartes et graphiques, il vient corriger un certain nombre d’idées reçues sur nos voisins européens et peut-être aussi sur nous-mêmes ! },
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {9782200287818},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book french},
  pages = 128,
  title = {Atlas des Européens. Valeurs communes et différences nationales},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{polak2016religion,
  address = {Berlin, Boston},
  author = {Polak, Regina and Rosta, Gergely},
  booktitle = {Focus on Religion in Central and Eastern Europe. A Regional View},
  doi = {10.1515/9783110228120-002},
  editor = {Máté-Tóth, András and Rosta, Gergely},
  isbn = {978-3-11-022812-0},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {33-74},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  title = {Religion and Values in Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110228120-002},
  year = 2016
}

@article{klicperovabaker2015european,
  abstract = {The article focuses on citizens’ predispositions for democracy and discusses the concepts of democratic mentality, demos, and demoi. Democratic mentality was operationalized by attitudes, values, and behavioral tendencies which promote civility and civic political culture. Theoretical analysis is followed by an empirical assessment of diverse intranational and international mentalities: prodemocratic, antidemocratic, and nondemocratic tendencies. Constellations of attitudes were explored by secondary data analysis of European Values Study (EVS wave 4, 2008–2010 period, 44 countries, 73 questionnaire items). Individual citizens (N = 63,281) were classified by k-means cluster analysis into: (1) ‘secular democrats’, (2) ‘religious democrats’, (3) ‘nondemocratic skeptics’, (4) ‘antidemocratic intolerant economically deprived traditionalists’, and (5) ‘antidemocratic religious radicals’. All mentalities occurred in each country; countries differed by the incidence of democratic (1 + 2), nondemocratic (3), and antidemocratic (4 + 5) mentalities. Democratic mentality was prevalent in the Northwest (especially in Scandinavia) and among elites; its average incidence in Europe was 40.9\%. The results manifested trans-nationally shared political mentalities of European citizens, indicated that democrats were significantly present in every country, and confirmed presence of a robust demos in the North-Western Europe. International democratic mentality (trans-national demos) can be viewed as a possible source of democratic peace (Pax democratica). Civility was an important component of democratic mentality. It was demonstrated that democracy can function without prevalent active political participation but it is hard to conceive democracy without widespread civility. Whenever democracy is being exported or restored, the process must primarily focus on civility and not be limited to mere cultivation of political culture.},
  author = {Klicperová-Baker, Martina and Košťál, Jaroslav},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2015.1018720},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {301-332},
  title = {European Sociopolitical Mentalities: Identifying Pro- and Antidemocratic Tendencies Part I – Individual citizens’ perspective },
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2015.1018720},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2015
}

@article{boge2017albania,
  abstract = {Purpose Given the premise of de facto universal standards for FM, this paper investigates development of FM at an Albanian and a Norwegian university hospital through examination of two hypotheses: H1: The university hospital has recognised FM and established a designated FM organisation; H2: The university hospital provides adequate food and catering services at ward kitchens and buffets. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory and descriptive comparative case study based on a diverse cases design. Findings There is limited support for H1 at the Albanian university hospital, and strong support for H1 at the Norwegian university hospital. Both the Albanian and the Norwegian university hospitals rely on in-house production of facilities services, but the Albanian university hospital has outsourced food and catering services. FM and provision of facilities services is deeply integrated with the Norwegian university hospital’s core activities. There is also limited support for H2 at the Albanian university hospital and strong support for H2 at the Norwegian university hospital. The conclusion is hence, the Albanian Ministry of Health and the Albanian university hospital’s top management have a comprehensive but not impossible task, if the aim is to catch up with the Norwegian university hospital concerning FM. Research limitations/implications This is an exploratory and descriptive comparative case study. Large N studies should be carried out both in Albania, Norway and preferably also in other countries to corroborate and develop the findings. Originality/value This is the first comparative study of FM at an Albanian and a Norwegian university hospital },
  author = {Boge, Knut and Aliaj, Anjola},
  doi = {10.1108/F-07-2016-0079},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/F-07-2016-0079},
  journal = {Facilities},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {7/8},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Albania vs. Norway - FM at two university hospitals},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/F-07-2016-0079},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2017
}

@mastersthesis{sebestova2011generan,
  abstract = {The thesis examines the impact of generational differences on value orientations and work attitudes, focusing on the extent to which these are shaped by generational background, social conditions, or individual characteristics among people working in the same profession. The theoretical part clarifies the meaning, origins and significance of the key concepts and discusses the assumption that value orientations and work attitudes are related not only to generational background but also to broader social and individual dispositions. It further reviews methods used in the research on values and attitudes and presents two of the most influential projects in this field, the World Values Survey and the European Values Study. The empirical part of the thesis concentrates exclusively on the teaching profession and aims to determine the degree to which teachers’ values and work attitudes are influenced by generational background as opposed to other factors. The findings do not confirm a significant effect of generational background; instead, they suggest that teachers across all defined generations share similar values and attitudes, likely linked to personal characteristics typical of the profession. In addition to analysing generational effects, the thesis also addresses selected specific features of the teaching profession more generally.},
  author = {Šebestová, Veronika},
  keywords = {imported},
  school = {Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Filozofická fakulta, Katedra sociologie},
  title = {Generační rozdíly a jejich dopad na hodnotovou orientaci a postoje k práci [Generation differences and their impact on value orientation and work attitudes]},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {https://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/109407/?lang=en},
  year = 2011
}

@article{ariely2019nexus,
  abstract = {While some studies have examined the impact of globalization on national identity ‘from below’, their findings are inconclusive, some arguing that national identity is less important for people in more globalized countries, others finding evidence to the contrary. Addressing and resolving some of the previous studies limitations, this article investigates the relationship between globalization and national identity with four cross-national surveys, using 149 national samples across 74 countries, inspecting whether country level of globalization impacts ethnic identity and whether globalization moderates between patriotism and ethnic identity. The findings indicate that although ethnic identity levels are lower in the more globalized than the less globalized countries, globalization has no differential effect on the strong and positive link between patriotism and ethnic identity.},
  author = {Ariely, Gal},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.12312 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/1468796819834951},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3910 v2.1.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Ethnicities},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {763-783},
  study-id = {ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The nexus between globalization and ethnic identity: A view from below},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796819834951},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2019
}

@article{knight2017egalitarianism,
  abstract = { This article challenges the implicit assumption of many cross-national studies that gender-role attitudes fall along a single continuum between traditional and egalitarian. The authors argue that this approach obscures theoretically important distinctions in attitudes and renders analyses of change over time incomplete. Using latent class analysis, they investigate the multidimensional nature of gender-role attitudes in 17 postindustrial European countries. They identify three distinct varieties of egalitarianism that they designate as liberal egalitarianism, egalitarian familism, and flexible egalitarianism. They show that while traditional gender-role attitudes have precipitously and uniformly declined in accordance with the “rising tide” narrative toward greater egalitarianism, the relative prevalence of different egalitarianisms varies markedly across countries. Furthermore, they find that European nations are not converging toward one dominant egalitarian model but rather, remain differentiated by varieties of egalitarianism. },
  author = {Knight, Carly R. and Brinton, Mary C.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4804},
  doi = {10.1086/689814},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1086/689814},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v1.0.0},
  journal = {American Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1485-1532},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {One Egalitarianism or Several? Two Decades of Gender-Role Attitude Change in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1086/689814},
  volume = 122,
  year = 2017
}

@article{roudet2011participation,
  abstract = {Plus d’un tiers des jeunes Français adhère à au moins une association. L’adhésion des jeunes augmente en même temps que s’élève leur niveau d’études. Stable depuis vingt ans et centrée sur des activités sportives, culturelles et de loisirs, la participation associative juvénile tend aujourd’hui à concerner davantage la vie de la cité. },
  author = {Roudet, Bernard},
  issn = {2112-3985},
  journal = {Jeunesses: études et synthèses},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-4},
  title = {Participation associative: des jeunes plus engagés dans la vie de la cité},
  url = {http://injep.fr/publication/participation-associative-des-jeunes-plus-engages-dans-la-vie-de-la-cite/},
  year = 2011
}

@phdthesis{praeg2015social,
  abstract = {The relationship between socioeconomic status, health, and wellbeing has puzzled researchers for decades. Individuals with higher education, a better job, or higher status, live longer and are healthier. The four essays in this book offer a fresh view on crucial aspects of this relationship. Drawing on data from more than fifty countries, the multidimensional nature of socioeconomic status is explored, not only covering objective indicators of socioeconomic status--education, income, occupational prestige--but also individuals' subjective perceptions of socioeconomic status and status differentials between doctors and patients. Furthermore, the essays analyze the multilevel nature of social stratification, comparing differences in the strength of the relationship between education and health across countries and regions, as well as investigating the pathways by which income inequality affects health.},
  author = {Praeg, Patrick},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.11759},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA5800 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {978-94-6299-125-5},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  publisher = {University of Groningen},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2011},
  title = {Social stratification and health: Four essays on social determinants of health and wellbeing},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11370/a0deca70-1c27-4c98-95cd-8f71d4f9fcab},
  year = 2015
}

@inproceedings{draulans2015secularisation,
  abstract = {The objective of our analysis based on EVS 2008-data, from 47 countries, is three-fold: answer the question ‘How secular was Europe in 2008?’, search for similarities and differences in the religious orientations and practices of men and women and consider the growing interest in research into gender, religion and (professional) labour in our analyses. We find no evidence for the statement that the religious situation of Europe can be characterised in terms of ‘believing without belonging’ nor does the rational choice theory hold true for the European religious landscape. Our results show a substantial difference between men and women working full-time. The employment of women will not close the religious gender gap. Methodologically spoken, we were confronted with the difficulties caused by using a questionnaire developed on the basis of a Christian frame of reference, when trying to measure spirituality or religious orientations and practices among Muslim respondents.},
  author = {Draulans, Veerle and De Tavernier, Wouter},
  booktitle = {ISSR International Society for the Sociology of Religion, Louvain-la-Neuve 02-05 July 2015},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  title = {Secularisation in Europe: a Gender Issue? An analysis based on Data from the European Values Study, 2008},
  year = 2015
}

@article{nn2018religiositt,
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Kleine Zeitung},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religiosität entkoppelt sich von Religionsgemeinschaften},
  url = {https://www.kleinezeitung.at/oesterreich/5524404/Wertestudie_Religiositaet-entkoppelt-sich-von-Religionsgemeinschaften},
  year = 2018
}

@article{kimikotanaka2011materialism,
  abstract = {Ideational change has been posited as a key element in shifting family and fertility behaviors insofar as values are driving factors behind subsequent practices. Still, factors that shape family and parenthood values have received relatively less attention. Moreover, the possibility that these factors vary in type or extent by gender or across socio-cultural context has not been adequately explored. Using the 1999 European Values Survey, this paper aims to contribute to knowledge about family values formation by examining whether the tendency to express traditional views about family is associated with the extent to which a person adheres to "(post-) materialist" values. Additionally, we examine the extent to which geopolitical context is associated with family values. Our results suggest that the relationship between materialism and traditional family values varies by gender and the particular family value in question, and that geopolitical boundaries had a strong association with family values. Un changement idéationnel a été avancé comme élément clé pour ce qui est de modifier les comportements relatifs à la famille et à la fertilité, dans la mesure où les valeurs sont des facteurs moteurs derrière les pratiques ultérieures. Néanmoins, les facteurs qui influencent les valeurs familiales et parentales ont reçu relativement moins d'attention. De plus, la possibilité que ces facteurs varient en type ou en degré selon le genre ou le contexte socioculturel n'a pas été suffisamment explorée. En utilisant l'Étude européenne sur les valeurs de 1999, cet article a pour but de contribuer à la connaissance sur la formation des valeurs familiales en déterminant si la tendance à exprimer des opinions traditionnelles sur la famille est associée au degré auquel une personne adhère aux valeurs "post-matérialistes". En outre, nous examinons à quel point le contexte géopolitique est associé aux valeurs familiales. Nos résultats semblent indiquer que la relation entre le matérialisme et les valeurs familiales traditionnelles varie selon le genre et la valeur familiale particulière en question, et que les frontières géopolitiques présentaient une forte corrélation avec les valeurs familiales. El cambio ideacional ha sido postulado como un elemento clave en la modificación de las conductas familiares y reproductivas, en la medida en que los valores son fuerzas motrices subyacentes a las prácticas correspondientes. Así y todo, los factores que configuran los valores familiares y parentales han recibido, relativamente, menos atención. Asimismo, tampoco ha sido adecuadamente estudiada la posibilidad de que tales factores varíen en tipo o en magnitud en función del género o de los distintos contextos socioculturales. Este trabajo, que toma como referencia el Estudio Europeo sobre Valores 1999, aspira a contribuir al conocimiento de la formación de valores familiares examinando en qué medida la tendencia a expresar nociones tradiciones sobre la familia guarda correlato con la medida en que un sujeto adhiere a valores "(post-) materialistas". Además, en él hemos examinado la medida en que el contexto geopolítico se asocia con los valores familiares. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la relación entre materialismo y valores familiares tradicionales varía según el género y según el valor familiar particular en cuestión, y que las fronteras geopolíticas tienen una fuerte correlación con los valores familiares.},
  author = {Kimiko Tanaka, Deborah S. Lowry},
  issn = {00472328, 19299850},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Family Studies},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {131-144},
  publisher = {Dr. George Kurian},
  title = {Materialism, Gender, and Family Values in Europe},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/41604429},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{dulmer2009moralischer,
  abstract = { 	In der Literatur findet sich eine breite theoretisch ausgerichtete Diskussion über moralischen Universalismus, moralischen Kontextualismus und moralischen Relativismus, wobei sich im Laufe der Zeit eine Vielzahl von Standpunkten unter den Vertretern der verschiedenen Positionen herausgebildet hat. Ganz im Gegensatz zu der Fülle theoretischer Abhandlungen ist die Anzahl empirisch ausgerichteter Beiträge, die sich systematisch und damit nicht nur exemplarisch anhand von Einzelfällen mit der Frage interkultureller moralischer Unterschiede bzw. Gemeinsamkeiten auseinandersetzt, doch eher bescheiden. Diese Feststellung gilt insbesondere für quantitativ ausgerichtete Arbeiten. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung besteht in erster Linie darin, anhand der kombinierten Europäischen und Weltwertestudie zu analysieren, inwieweit sich für ausgewählte Themenbereiche bedeutende kulturelle Eigenheiten nachweisen lassen, die sich nicht auf systematische und damit theoretisch zu erwartende Unterschiede zwischen den Befragten oder den einzelnen Ländern zurückführen lassen. Mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung soll somit ein Beitrag dazu geleistet werden, bestehende empirische Forschungslücken zu verringern. },
  address = {Paderborn},
  author = {Dülmer, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Moralischer Relativismus},
  editor = {Ernst, Gerhard},
  isbn = {978-3-89785-314-0},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {55-79},
  publisher = {Mentis Verlag},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Moralischer Universalismus, moralischer Kontextualismus oder moralischer Relativismus? Eine empirische Untersuchung anhand der Europäischen und der Weltwertestudie},
  year = 2009
}

@article{freire2008party,
  abstract = {The article investigates the differences among West European countries in terms of the degree to which individuals' left—right self-placement is anchored in social, value and partisan factors. The study shows that clarity of party alternatives is much more important than political socialization in structuring citizens' left—right attitudes, i.e. the greater the clarity of party alternatives, the more structured the left—right orientations of citizens. As a first step in the investigation, the article seeks to show that the relative weights of social factors in explaining individual left—right self-placement, vis-à-vis values and partisan loyalties, are important, contrary to the poor results of previous studies. },
  author = {Freire, André},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.3811},
  doi = {10.1177/1354068807085889},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068807085889},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Party Politics},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {189-209},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Party Polarization and Citizens' Left-Right Orientations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068807085889},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2008
}

@article{zapryanova2016effect,
  abstract = {Does supranational identity have an independent effect on individuals’ beliefs about culturally contested issues in their national systems? This article demonstrates that self-categorization in the supranational realm – a seemingly unrelated category to domestic value cleavages – has implications for individuals’ views on cultural issues. Traditional theories of international norm diffusion focus almost exclusively on state-level interactions, but our findings provide further evidence to the existence of a more direct mechanism through which norms reach some citizens. A sense of identification with a supranational entity such as Europe makes citizens more likely to espouse the views and opinions promoted by supranational organizations. We use the European Values Study to examine whether supranational identity is associated with socially liberal preferences. Results from the multi-level models indicate that supranational identity exerts a systematic effect on attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights and gender equality. Additionally, while these effects are more consistent in EU member states, supranational identity exhibits a similar impact on social attitudes in non-EU countries such as those in the former Soviet Union.},
  address = {Cambridge, UK},
  author = {Zapryanova, Galina M. and Surzhko-Harned, Lena},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755773915000193},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {547-566},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  title = {The effect of supranational identity on cultural values in Europe},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/div-class-title-effect-of-supranational-identity-on-cultural-values-in-europe-div/000AC35AA6600A7FD6D7E0CFDF4D3B06},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2016
}

@article{deulzurrun2002associational,
  abstract = {Organizational membership seems to be linked to a more participatory and informed political culture, to foster electoral participation, and to promote positive feelings toward democracy. More recently, the social capital and associative democracy debates have introduced new arguments about the positive effects of associational involvement. However, little attention has been paid to the problems of measuring associational involvement and to their consequences for our theories. This article discusses the various problems of validity and reliability of our measurements of associational membership. It is shown that different questionnaire formats produce substantially different results. The article also addresses the issue of measurement errors and emphasizes the problems they introduce when doing cross-national comparisons. },
  author = {de Ulzurrun, Laura Morales Diez},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11307},
  doi = {10.1177/0032329202030003005},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329202030003005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Politics & Society},
  keywords = {2002 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {497-523},
  study = {Eurobarometer 1983-1998},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Associational Membership and Social Capital in Comparative Perspective: a Note on the Problems of Measurement},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329202030003005},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2002
}

@article{brechon2014dcelons,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Réforme},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  title = {Nous ne décelons pas de baisse des valeurs de solidarité},
  url = {https://www.reforme.net/non-classe/journal-opinions-decelons-baisse-valeurs-solidarite/},
  year = 2014
}

@book{knutsen2018social,
  abstract = {This book analyses the impact of socio-structural variables, such as social class, religion, urban/rural residence, age and gender, on influencing an individual’s voting preferences. There have been major changes in recent decades both to social structure and how social structure determines people’s voting behaviour. There has also been a shift in value orientations, for example from religious to secular values and from more authoritarian to libertarian values. The author addresses the questions: How do social structure and value orientations influence party choice in advanced industrial democracies?; To what extent is the impact of social structure on party choice transmitted via value orientations?; To what extent is the impact of value orientations on party choice causal effects when controlled for the prior structural variables? The book will be of use to advanced students and scholars in the fields of comparative politics, electoral politics and political sociology. },
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Knutsen, Oddbjørn},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-52123-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-319-52122-0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study = {ISSP},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Social Structure, Value Orientations and Party Choice in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52123-7},
  year = 2018
}

@article{roudet2001jeunes,
  author = {Roudet, Bernard},
  journal = {INJEP En Direct},
  keywords = {2001 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = {5-8},
  title = {Jeunes francais: les valeurs ein hausse},
  year = 2001
}

@article{baizan2016effect,
  abstract = {In this paper, we aim to assess the extent to which individual-level completed fertility varies across contexts characterized by policies supporting different gender division of labor models. We examine key labor market and care policies that shape gender relations in households and in the public domain. We also consider the role of gender norms, which can act as both a moderator and a confounding factor for policy effects. We hypothesize that, by facilitating role compatibility and reducing the gendered costs of childrearing, policies that support gender equality lead to an increase in fertility levels and to a reduction in fertility differentials by the level of education. Using individual-level data from the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions for 16 countries, combined with country-level data, we analyze completed fertility through multilevel Poisson's models. We find that the national level of childcare coverage is positively associated with fertility. Family allowances, prevalence of women's part-time employment and length of paid leaves were also found to be positively associated with completed fertility, though the associations were not statistically significant. These variables show a significant positive pattern according to education. A high number of average working hours for men are negatively associated with completed fertility and show a strong negative pattern by educational level. The prevalence of gender-egalitarian norms is highly predictive of fertility levels, yet we found no consistent evidence of a weaker association of gender-equality policies in countries where egalitarian values are less prevalent.},
  author = {Baizan, Pau and Arpino, Bruno and Delclòs, Carlos Eric},
  doi = {10.1007/s10680-015-9356-y},
  issn = {1572-9885},
  journal = {European Journal of Population},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-30},
  title = {The Effect of Gender Policies on Fertility: The Moderating Role of Education and Normative Context},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10680-015-9356-y},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2016
}

@article{novy2015politics,
  abstract = {Politics in the Supermarket: Boycotting Consumers as Agents of Social Change. At first glance, searching for why consumers abstain from certain products seems part of a research agenda that should primarily be elucidated by marketing literature. In fact, an individual's refusal to buy some goods used to be perceived as a matter of the marketplace, where the economic laws of supply and demand markedly predetermine a consumer's decision to purchase a product. However, in past decades, boycotts have been strongly interconnected with the concept of political participation, although the political nature of consumer behaviour often seems to be controversial. As some theorists of civic engagement have pointed out, in light of the incessant widening of the repertoire of participatory modes, studying political participation is not too far from “the theory of everything.” This article makes an effort to introduce boycotting as a relevant tool for influencing political affairs. It deals with the application of the approach developed by Sidney Verba and his colleagues that parsimoniously tells why some people are politically active while others are not. It asks whether their well-known Civic Voluntarism Model provides a suitable theoretical framework for explaining such a specific form of individual political action as boycotting in the 41 countries included in the fourth wave of the European Values Study (EVS). Due to the hierarchical data structure, multilevel models are employed to examine the effects of individual as well as contextual variables on the probability of a boycott. Sociológia 2015, Vol. 47 (No. 1: 87-112)},
  author = {Novy, Michal},
  journal = {Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {87-112},
  title = {Politics in the supermarket: boycotting consumers as agents of social change},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{schneider2015familie,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Schneider, Norbert F.},
  booktitle = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-02276-1_2},
  editor = {Hill, Paul B. and Kopp, Johannes},
  isbn = {978-3-658-02276-1},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {21-53},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  title = {Familie in Westeuropa},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02276-1_2},
  year = 2015
}

@article{simister2016genderbased,
  abstract = {This paper reports evidence on Gender-Based Violence (GBV), violence against women by husband or male partner, based on household surveys from many countries. A woman’s risk of experiencing domestic violence varies, within a country and between countries, for many reasons. This paper focuses on religion: in particular, comparing Catholics with Protestants. It reports evidence that Catholic women have a higher risk of GBV than Protestant women. A possible explanation for this higher risk is investigated: the ban on divorce by the Catholic Church. Household surveys confirm that Catholics are less likely than Protestants to divorce. Divorce is a possible escape-route for a woman abused by her husband; preventing divorce keeps many women trapped in marriage to a violent husband.},
  author = {Simister, John and Kowalewska, Grazyna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.10128},
  doi = {10.4236/psych.2016.713155},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA4743 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Psychology},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1624-1644},
  study = {ISSP 1988-2015},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EB69.1},
  title = {Gender-Based Violence and Christianity: Catholic Prevention of Divorce Traps Women in an Abusive Marriage},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.713155},
  year = 2016
}

@techreport{maineri2017evaluating,
  abstract = {This report addresses the quality of the population registers which are currently being used as sampling frames in countries participating in the four cross-European surveys cooperating in SERISS: the European Social Survey (ESS), the European Values Study (EVS), the Gender and Generations Program (GGP), and the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). It summarizes what efforts have been undertaken by register authorities to improve and update the registers and presents an inventory of the main problems encountered in the field by survey sampling experts. In addition, it discusses the quality of alternative methods of sampling and possible improvements. Finally, the report reflects on how the major problems in sampling frames affect survey research and how they could be tackled to jointly improve sampling practices.},
  author = {Maineri, Angelica and Scherpenzeel, Annette and Bristle, Johanna and Pflüger, Senta-Melissa and Butt, Sarah and Zins, Stefan and Emery, Tom and Luijkx, Ruud},
  institution = {SERISS - Workpackage 2 - Representing the population},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english techreport},
  title = {Evaluating the quality of sampling frames used in European cross-national surveys},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/18507342/Soc_Maineri_Report_Evaluating_the_quality_of_sampling_frames_Open_access_2017.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@mastersthesis{vuorikko2018uskonnottomien,
  abstract = {Objectives An unbeliever is someone who doesn’t believe in God or gods. There are a lot of unbelievers in the World, especially in Europe. However, the scientific understanding of unbelief is limited. There is little research on different kinds of unbelievers. This study began to explore ritual atheists. Ritual atheists are unbelievers who find some religious rituals meaningful in their lives. The study explored conservative and liberal attitudes of unbelievers, ritual atheists and religious people. It was hypothesized that unbelievers are more liberal than ritual atheists and ritual atheists are more liberal than religious people. Methods The participants were from the 2008 EVS (European Values Study) data, which was collected from 45 different European countries. New variables were computed from the original items, and they represented attitudes concerning morals, family life, tolerance, immigrants and requirements of national identity. Most of the variables were computed by arithmetic means or by using factor analysis. The data was analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of variance, by t tests and by discriminant analysis. Results and conclusions With most of the attitudes, unbelievers were more liberal than ritual atheists who, for their part, were more liberal than religious people. This study provided entirely new information about the attitudes of ritual atheists. The results support the assumption that ritual atheism is a unique form of unbelief: a ritual atheist adopts some of the religious influences of the culture, without being religious.},
  author = {Vuorikko, Salla},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  school = {University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Uskonnottomien ja uskonnollisten ihmisten sekä rituaalisten ateistien asenteet konservatiivisuus-liberaalisuus -ulottuvuudella},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10138/234179},
  year = 2018
}

@inproceedings{anton2018sociological,
  abstract = {The matter of national identity has a long tradition in sociological research of almost all European countries. This could be an explanation for a considerable literature which was developed in different socio-political circumstances and why now is very difficult to examine it in a comprehensive way. This subject became more actual in the recent geopolitical context where we can notice contradictory trends between integration/globalisation and fragmentation, or we are challenging by the issues of migration. Despite of a current tendency, (in fact, is a recurrent one), that national identity is imagined and constructed, the author advocates a "civic nationalism" that makes a claim to respecting cultural differences but also to build and secure a specific national identity very useful during dialog with other nations. On the other hand, we are witnessing to increasing diversification of European societies and attempts to create a collective identity at European level in order to enhance a consciousness of being European. The opinion expressed by the author is that there are no contradictions between to be national and to be European. The paper identifies the main methodological issues within sociological research to measure diverse dimensions of national and European identity. In this respect, we are interested to scrutinize the meanings of national and of European identity used by several universities from Europe, or inside of various research programs (Eurobarometer, European Values Study, European Social Survey and International Social Survey Programme). Conclusions in this paper are purely conceptual and are not based on own empirical survey. However, there are many secondary data sets which are available for exploitation and with a great potential to develop deeply and analytical analysis. At the same time, the models examined here could be an argument for future projects research which are preparing to be submitted in the following competition.},
  address = {Bucharest},
  author = {Anton, Mihail},
  booktitle = {14th International Scientific Conference "eLearning and Software for Education" Bucharest, April 19 - 20, 2018 },
  doi = {10.12753/2066-026X-18-284},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {490-496},
  title = {Sociological Measurement of National and European Identity. Explanatory Models and Secondary Data Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12753/2066-026X-18-284},
  year = 2018
}

@article{han2016skills,
  abstract = {There has been a scholarly consensus that greater union strength translates into lower levels of wage inequality. However, recent evidence indicates that this union effect disappeared in the 1990s. We argue that unions still reduce wage inequality, but that their effect is dependent on the type of workers that are actually unionized. Using survey data, we construct a variable that measures the proportion of union members that are unskilled manual workers in twenty wealthy democracies. We find that as the share of these workers rises, wage inequality falls, regardless of the level of union density, the level of union coverage, or whether a country has liberal, mixed, or coordinated market economy. However, the proportion of union members that are unskilled manual workers has no effect on wage inequality when wage bargaining institutions are decentralized, likely because such workers are unable to extract wage gains from their more skilled and higher paid union brethren in such an institutional context. These results suggest that the unitary actor assumption, so commonly employed by scholars to explain union effects on political and socio-economic outcomes, is misplaced; and that even though politicians may be more responsive to the policy preferences of the wealthy, poorer individuals can achieve relative economic gains when properly organized. },
  author = {Han, Kyung Joon and Castater, Eric Graig},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rssm.2016.05.001},
  issn = {0276-5624},
  journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility },
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990},
  title = {They may not have the skills, but they have the desire: Why the skill composition of trade unions matters for wage inequality },
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0276562416300609},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2016
}

@article{deng2020social,
  abstract = {Social entrepreneurship (SE) is often viewed as an effective means to promote social well-being (SWB). However, how SE emerges from a country’s institutional and social context, and consequently, how the institutional and social embeddedness of SE influences the level of SWB in a particular country, remains unanswered. This study, utilizing fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), addresses these questions by exploring, (1) the configurations of institutional and social capital conditions that lead to high prevalence rates of different types of SE activities in a country, and (2) the configurations of such institutionally and socially embedded SE activities that deliver high level of SWB in a country. It advances the SE literature by revealing the embeddedness and configurational nature of SE. Specifically, multiple equifinal configurations of socio-political conditions can lead to high prevalence rates of not-for-profit SE and hybrid SE. Moreover, this study finds that while both not-for-profit SE and hybrid SE can facilitate SWB by interacting with socio-political conditions, they do so through different mechanisms.},
  author = {Deng, Wei and Liang, Qiaozhuan and Fan, Peihua and Cui, Lin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.12590 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s10490-019-09660-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3950 v1.3.0 ; ZA6670 v2.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0217-4561},
  journal = {Asia Pacific Journal of Management},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {ISSP2004 ; ISSP2014 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Social entrepreneurship and well-being: The configurational impact of institutions and social capital},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09660-6},
  year = 2020
}

@article{mannewitz2013ostwestgegensatz,
  abstract = {Der Text qualifiziert die populäre Ost-West-These anhand zweier zentraler Kategorien (Effektivität und Legitimität der Demokratie) als unterkomplex. In Deutschland liegen mehrere politisch-kulturelle Brüche quer zueinander, etwa zwischen prosperierenden und strukturschwachen Regionen. Zum Vergleich von Demokratielegitimität in den verschiedenen Bundesländern wird der ALLBUS Datensatz von 2008 verwendet},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 28. Fassung, April 2014},
  author = {Mannewitz, Tom},
  availability = {19.03.2014},
  journal = {Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 2,
  pages = {205-215},
  study = {ALLBUS2008},
  title = {Kein Ost-West-Gegensatz: Regionale Unterschiede der deutschen politischen Kultur},
  url = {http://www.budrich-journals.de/index.php/gwp/article/view/13760},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2013
}

@article{freire2016regime,
  abstract = {By comparing the Baltic States with Greece, Portugal and Spain, we seek to discover whether the type of authoritarian legacy and regime transition has any effect on the way citizens think about the left-right (L-R) divide in new democracies. We argue that while the authoritarian legacy is important, the type of transition and, particularly, the kind of political alliances and party-politicization of issues during the new regime's formative years is more important. Evidence confirms our expectations, even after several cross-validating tests.},
  author = {Freire, André and Kivistik, Kats},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2016.08.002},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0967-067X},
  journal = {Communist and Post-Communist Studies},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {293-311},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Regime transition, value conflicts and the left-right divide at the mass level: The Baltic States and Southern Europe compared},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967067X1630037X},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2016
}

@article{breen2011secularism,
  abstract = {The European Values Study is a pan-European research project based on an omnibus survey that focuses in particular on values related to work, religion, lifestyles and a range of other social issues. Its most recent wave of data collection took place in 2008, marking the fourth round of the survey since its inception. This study examines the transformation of religious values in Ireland over the entire EVS period from 1981 to 2008, highlighting the rise of secularisation and the rapid decline in church participation, developments that have brought Ireland closer to prevailing European patterns. The available data raise a number of significant social questions: if religious and social values are undergoing change, what are the broader implications for Irish society? As Ireland becomes increasingly educated in measurable terms, how are its systems of values and beliefs evolving? Does the decline in church practice imply a parallel erosion of moral values, or does it instead signal a shift in allegiance from institutional religion to more individualised forms of belief and meaning? Some commentators argue that diminishing concern for others, a weakening sense of God and a more marginal role for religion, combined with rising liberalism, are unlikely to foster greater prosperity or well-being and may instead lead to reduced happiness and growing alienation. Against this backdrop, the question arises whether Ireland is inevitably moving toward a markedly different social landscape, particularly with regard to institutional religion, and whether the loosening of long-standing cultural and religious traditions represents a loss or rather a process of maturation as Ireland takes its place among the nations of Europe.},
  author = {Breen, Michael J. and Reynolds, Caillin},
  journal = {The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {195-212},
  title = {The Rise of Secularism and the Decline of Religiosity in Ireland: The Pattern of Religious Change in Europe},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2011
}

@article{gonthier2018lgalit,
  abstract = {La tension s’est aujourd’hui durcie pour les politiques sociales entre une logique d’efficacité et une logique de protection et d’égalité. Les grandes enquêtes d’opinion menées en Europe depuis les années 1990 permettent de comprendre comment les citoyens répondent aux contraintes qui pèsent sur l’action publique. La demande de protection étatique connaît en France une forte montée en puissance, sans être pour autant corrélée à une demande de réduction des inégalités. Ce découplage s’explique par l’opinion, plus répandue en France qu’ailleurs en Europe, selon laquelle les aides sociales auraient des effets négatifs sur la cohésion sociale. La demande d’État et la demande d’égalité progressent ainsi toutes deux, mais de façon dissociée.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Informations sociales},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 1,
  pages = {108-119},
  publisher = {Caisse nationale d'allocations familiales (CNAF)},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {L’État sans l’égalité? Les attentes des Français à l’égard de la protection sociale depuis les années 1990},
  url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-informations-sociales-2018-1-page-108.htm},
  volume = {196-197},
  year = 2018
}

@article{guetto2015religiosity,
  abstract = {The Second Demographic Transition (SDT) theory underlines the importance of changing values and attitudes to explain the trend toward low fertility and raising female labour market participation. We contribute to this debate comparing religiosity and gender attitudes over several European countries using three waves of the European Values Study (1990, 1999 and 2008). By dealing with the issues of measurement invariance and endogeneity between values and behaviour, our results support some critiques of the SDT theory. The pace of the process of sociocultural change has not been the same across European countries and the forerunners of the SDT, that is, the most secularized and gender-egalitarian societies, now have the highest female labour market participation rates and the highest fertility. We provide evidence for a ‘macro–micro paradox’ regarding the role of values on family behaviours. Religiosity is positively correlated with fertility and housewifery, while gender attitudes are only correlated with women’s labour market decisions. These correlations are stronger in more traditional countries, even if aggregate fertility is lower. We stress the necessity to integrate cultural and structural explanations, suggesting the lack of family policies and the rigidity of the family formation process as possible mechanisms to unravel this paradox.},
  author = {Guetto, Raffaele and Luijkx, Ruud and Scherer, Stefani},
  doi = {10.1177/0001699315573335},
  eprint = {http://asj.sagepub.com/content/58/2/155.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {Acta Sociologica},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {155-172},
  title = {Religiosity, gender attitudes and women’s labour market participation and fertility decisions in Europe},
  url = {http://asj.sagepub.com/content/58/2/155.abstract},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2015
}

@article{caragliu2016winner,
  abstract = {This paper offers a new perspective on urban innovation and enters the debate on the contribution of non-material growth-enhancing factors to the socio-economic performance of cities. Because of the often widespread availability of ``hard'' production factors, most cities increasingly compete for attracting non-material production factors whose role, in light of the more widespread diffusion of physical production factors, may ultimately determine their long-run economic success. Against this background, our paper focuses on a relatively neglected non-material factor, viz. urban risk attitude. In fact, cities offer the competitive and challenging environment where individual characteristics of actors may enjoy their highest returns; risk-loving and innovative individuals may sort in large urban agglomerations. The paper tests whether cities attracting such individuals and, thus, enjoying a more positive and open attitude towards risk, tend to innovate more. The empirical analysis of the paper is based on the most recent (2008/2009) wave of the European Values Study. Micro- data on about 80,000 individuals located in different EU urban areas are used to calculate city-specific attitudes towards risk that go beyond individual characteristics. This city-level risk attitude variable is then used within a knowledge production function approach, as an explanatory variable for urban innovation (patent applications to the European Patent Office) along with more traditional knowledge determinants (human capital and R{\&}D expenditures). Our empirical results show that cities with a more open and positive attitude towards risk ceteris paribus also tend to be more innovative. In addition, we find that, unlike traditional knowledge production factors, this factor faces no decreasing returns. While further research might be beneficial in order to more precisely pinpoint the extent of such effects, our findings appear to be robust and suggest a positive role for the urban attitude towards risky endeavours in explaining urban innovation.},
  author = {Caragliu, Andrea and Del Bo, Chiara F. and Kourtit, Karima and Nijkamp, Peter},
  doi = {10.1007/s00168-015-0734-5},
  issn = {1432-0592},
  journal = {The Annals of Regional Science},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {617-645},
  title = {The winner takes it all: forward-looking cities and urban innovation},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00168-015-0734-5},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2016
}

@article{budde2017partisan,
  abstract = {Current comparative policy research gives no clear answer to the question of whether partisan politics in general or the partisan composition of governments in particular matter for different morality policy outputs across countries and over time. This article addresses this desideratum by employing a new encompassing dataset that captures the regulatory permissiveness in six morality policies that are homosexuality, same-sex partnership, prostitution, pornography, abortion and euthanasia in 16 European countries over five decades from 1960 to 2010. Given the prevalent scepticism about a role for political parties for morality policies in existing research, this is a ‘hard’ test case for the ‘parties do matter’ argument. Starting from the basic theoretical assumption that different party families, if represented in national governments to varying degrees, ought to leave differing imprints on morality policy making, this research demonstrates that parties matter when accounting for the variation in morality policy outputs. This general statement needs to be qualified in three important ways. First, the nature of morality policy implies that party positions or preferences cannot be fully understood by merely focusing on one single cleavage alone. Instead, morality policy is located at the interface of different cleavages, including not only left-right and secular-religious dimensions, but also the conflicts between materialism and postmaterialism, green-alternative-libertarian and traditional-authoritarian-nationalist (GAL-TAN) parties, and integration and demarcation. Second, it is argued in this article that the relevance of different cleavages for morality issues varies over time. Third, partisan effects can be found only if individual cabinets, rather than country-years, are used as the unit of analysis in the research design. In particular, party families that tend to prioritise individual freedom over collective interests (i.e., left and liberal parties) are associated with significantly more liberal morality policies than party families that stress societal values and order (i.e., conservative/right and religious parties). While the latter are unlikely to overturn previous moves towards permissiveness, these results suggest that they might preserve the status quo at least. Curiously, no systematic effects of green parties are found, which may be because they have been represented in European governments at later periods when morality policy outputs were already quite permissive.},
  author = {Budde, Emma and Heichel, Stephan and Hurka, Steffen and Knill, Christoph},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12233},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1475-6765},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Partisan effects in morality policy making},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12233},
  year = 2017
}

@article{lortkipanidze2019marriage,
  author = {Lortkipanidze, Ani},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {The Financial},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Does Marriage Still Matter? },
  url = {https://finchannel.com/opinion/76984-does-marriage-still-matter},
  year = 2019
}

@book{kruk2018pluralism,
  address = {Riga},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10162},
  editor = {Kruk, Sergei},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4767 v1.1.0},
  isbn = {978-9934-563-31-7},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Rīga Stradiņš University},
  study-id = {EVS2008 Latvia},
  title = {Pluralism Anxiety. Acting Socially in Latvia},
  url = {https://www.rsu.lv/sites/default/files/book_download/Kruks_Pluralism_Anxiety.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{pickel2014religionen,
  abstract = {Im europäischen Vergleich wird Deutschland oft als Paradebeispiel für die Durchsetzungskraft der in der Religionssoziologie weit verbreiteten Säkularisierungstheorie angesehen. Zum einen findet man Westdeutschland. Dort wird quasi idealtypisch der westeuropäische Säkularisierungsverlauf mit seiner Erosion kirchlicher Bindungen, der Verdrängung des Religiösen ins Private sowie der sinkenden Bedeutung von Religion für die Alltagsfragen der Menschen abgebildet (siehe zusammenfassend Beiträge in Pickel/Sammet 2011).},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Zwischen Säkularisierung und religöser Vitalisierung: Religiosität in Deutschland und Polen im Vergleich},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-04663-7_9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  isbn = {978-3-658-04663-7},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {95-108},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  series = { Veröffentlichungen der Sektion Religionssoziologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Die Religionen Deutschlands, Polens und Europas im Vergleich. Ein empirischer Test religionssoziologischer Theorien},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04663-7_9},
  year = 2014
}

@article{pachulia2018georgian,
  author = {Pachulia, Merab},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {The Financial},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Georgian Army Rules },
  url = {https://finchannel.com/opinion/74158-the-georgian-army-rules},
  year = 2018
}

@article{vandewerfhorst2018early,
  abstract = {Between-school tracking is high on the agenda of academicresearchers and policy makers, as tracking children early in the school career is believed to enhance socioeconomic inequalities in learning opportunities. Contemporary debates on the relevance of inclusive education in the United States, the Netherlands, Belgium, England and Germany, may learn from changes in educational inequalities that have emerged after past reforms from early tracking to comprehensive systems. I study educational inequalities by socioeconomic background in nine countries, across time. Using a difference-in-difference design and international student assessment data collected among eighth-graders, it is demonstrated that socioeconomic inequalities are more strongly reduced in systems that have transformed their educational system from tracked to comprehensive education than in systems without this reform. Moreover, the reduction of social inequalities was most eminent at the top of the achievement distribution. Among top-performers, socioeconomic inequality was reduced after the reform. Among low-performing students, the reform did little to the level of inequality by social background. Robustness checks showed that especially the reform in England and Wales was influential on the observed reduction of inequalities in mathematics performance.},
  author = {van de Werfhorst, Herman G.},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2018.09.002},
  issn = {0276-5624},
  journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  study = {EVS1981},
  title = {Early tracking and socioeconomic inequality in academic achievement: Studying reforms in nine countries},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027656241730149X},
  year = 2018
}

@article{storm2016religion,
  abstract = {New research drawing on European survey data finds that religious decline does not equal moral decline. Dr Ingrid Storm explains why involvement in religion makes most difference to morality in the most religious countries, and matters less for moral values now than it did in the 1980s. },
  author = {Storm, Ingrid},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Manchester Policy Blogs (University of Manchester)},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Does religion have any impact on morality in modern Europe?},
  url = {http://blog.policy.manchester.ac.uk/posts/2016/01/does-religion-have-any-impact-on-morality-in-modern-europe/},
  year = 2016
}

@article{nn2018religiositt,
  abstract = {Zwei Drittel der Österreicherinnen und Österreicher verstehen sich als religiöse Menschen. Die persönliche Religiosität entkoppelt sich aber zunehmend von den Religionsgemeinschaften.},
  author = {N.N},
  journal = {religion.orf.at},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religiosität entkoppelt sich von Gemeinschaften},
  url = {https://religion.orf.at/stories/2945476/},
  year = 2018
}

@book{wolf2016handbook,
  address = {Los Angeles},
  editor = {Wolf, Christof and Joye, Dominique and Smith, Tom W and Fu, Yang-chih},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Sage},
  study = {EVS ; Eurobarometer ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {The SAGE Handbook of Survey Methodology },
  year = 2016
}

@article{maurin2009franais,
  author = {Maurin, Louis},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Alternatives Économiques},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 7,
  pages = {39-39},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Les Français sont de vrais libéraux},
  url = {https://www.cairn.info/magazine-alternatives-economiques-2009-7-page-39.htm},
  volume = 282,
  year = 2009
}

@book{elsenbroich2016social,
  abstract = {This book presents a multi-disciplinary investigation into extortion rackets with a particular focus on the structures of criminal organisations and their collapse, societal processes in which extortion rackets strive and fail and the impacts of bottom-up and top-down ways of fighting extortion racketeering. Through integrating a range of disciplines and methods the book provides an extensive case study of empirically based computational social science. It is based on a wealth of qualitative data regarding multiple extortion rackets, such as the Sicilian Mafia, an international money laundering organisation and a predatory extortion case in Germany. Computational methods are used for data analysis, to help in operationalising data for use in agent-based models and to explore structures and dynamics of extortion racketeering through simulations. In addition to textual data sources, stakeholders and experts are extensively involved, providing narratives for analysis and qualitative validation of models. The book presents a systematic application of computational social science methods to the substantive area of extortion racketeering. The reader will gain a deep understanding of extortion rackets, in particular their entrenchment in society and processes supporting and undermining extortion rackets. Also covered are computational social science methods, in particular computationally assisted text analysis and agent-based modelling, and the integration of empirical, theoretical and computational social science.},
  address = {Cham},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12448 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-45169-5},
  editor = {Elsenbroich, Corinna and Anzola, David and Gilbert, Nigel},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5687 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-319-45169-5},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 250,
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  series = {Computational Social Sciences},
  study-id = {EB79.1 v3.0.0 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Social Dimensions of Organised Crime. Modelling the Dynamics of Extortion Rackets},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45169-5},
  year = 2016
}

@book{zmerli2017handbook,
  abstract = {Political trust – of citizens in government, parliament or political parties – has been centre stage in political science for more than half a century, reflecting ongoing concerns about the legitimacy of representative democracy. This Handbook offers the first truly global perspective on political trust and integrates the conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and empirical state of the art. An impressive, international body of expert scholars explore established and new venues of research, by taking stock of levels, trends, explanations and implications of political trust, and relating them to regional particularities across the globe. Along with a wealth of genuine empirical analyses, this Handbook also features the latest developments in personality, cognitive and emotional research and discusses, not only the relevance, but also the ‘dark side’ of political trust. Discerning yet accessible, this Handbook provides scholars, students and policy makers with the tools to navigate through a complexity of theories, trends, causes and consequences of political trust, whilst also directing their future research. },
  address = {Cheltenham (UK), Northhampton (USA)},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11135 ; 10.4232/1.11428 ; 10.4232/1.12061 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  editor = {Zmerli, Sonja and van der Meer, Tom W.G.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4973 ; ZA5000 ; ZA5685 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 560,
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EB71.3 ; EB73.1 ; EB78.1 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Handbook on Political Trust},
  year = 2017
}

@book{klein2019mergences,
  abstract = {Dans un contexte de multiplication des expériences innovatrices, le présent ouvrage veut faire reconnaître les pratiques émergentes comme étant valables et justes, et montrer leur capacité à transformer le monde. Ainsi, les auteurs prônent le passage d’une vision minimaliste de l’innovation sociale, selon laquelle les acteurs sociaux et communautaires agissent de manière à pallier l’« austéritarisme » gouvernemental et les insuffisances provoquées par le marché, à une approche plus large, orientée vers une véritable transformation sociale, économique et territoriale. Cette approche rappelle que les objectifs du développement économique doivent être soumis aux impératifs sociétaux et environnementaux. Ainsi, lutter pour faire reconnaître le pouvoir de la société civile de réinventer le monde, c’est réagir au déni de l’alternative, si présent dans le discours des décideurs. C’est aussi donner à voir des initiatives peu valorisées par ces discours, parce qu’elles ne s’inscrivent pas dans leur logique économique, laquelle est essentiellement productiviste et destructrice. Penser la transition, c’est réimaginer des institutions et des pratiques capables d’accroître la capacité des collectivités à favoriser le bien commun. C’est affirmer qu’une société créative et innovatrice devrait adhérer à une vision large de l’innovation, orientée vers le développement économique, mais aussi vers la création d’un écosystème d’innovation où les progrès technologiques et sociaux se croisent et se complètent, écosystème qui devrait repenser les rapports inégalitaires entre les genres, les populations et les territoires.},
  address = {Québec},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Klein, Juan-Luis and Boucher, Jacques L. and Camus, Annie and Champagne, Christine and Noiseux, Yanick},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9782760551060},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Presses de l'Université du Québec},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Des émergences à la reconnaissance},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvggx4hk},
  year = 2019
}

@book{grasso2016generations,
  abstract = {This new comparative analysis shows that there are reasons to be concerned about the future of democratic politics. Younger generations have become disengaged from the political process. The evidence presented in this comprehensive study shows that they are not just less likely than older generations to engage in institutional political activism such as voting and party membership - they are also less likely to engage in extra-institutional protest activism.

Generations, Political Participation and Social Change in Western Europe offers a rigorously researched empirical analysis of political participation trends across generations in Western Europe. It examines the way in which the political behaviour of younger generations leads to social change. Are younger generations completely disengaged from politics, or do they simply choose to participate in a different way to previous generations?

The book is of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of political sociology, political participation and behaviour, European Politics, Comparative Politics and Sociology. },
  address = {London and New York},
  author = {Grasso, Maria T.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11159},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA5080},
  isbn = {9781138924994},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 252,
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {Routledge Research in Comparative Politics},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999, WVS/EVS1981-2004},
  title = {Generations, Political Participation and Social Change in Western Europe},
  year = 2016
}

@book{kevins2017expanding,
  abstract = {In recent decades, and particularly since the financial crisis, continental Europe has seen an increasing gap between those workers who have well-protected, good-paying jobs with strong benefits and those who work lower-quality, nonstandard jobs, or who have no regular work at all. This situation would seem to call for increased spending on the social safety net, yet governments throughout the region have instead been turning to austerity. In the face of that reality, the options for helping disadvantaged workers are to extend coverage through re-allocating the benefits given to higher-level workers, maintain the benefits of the well-off as the number of outsiders continues to grow, or simply ignore the problem. This book asks why different nations have taken different tacks in handling-or not handling-this problem. },
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Kevins, Anthony},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.5117/9789462980211nur752},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA2829 ; ZA3640},
  isbn = {9789462980211},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {e},
  pages = 224,
  publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
  series = {Changing Welfare States},
  study = {ISSP},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EB44.3 ; EB57.2},
  title = {Expanding welfare in an age of austerity: Increasing Protection in an Unprotected World},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/9789462980211nur752},
  year = 2017
}

@book{brechon2000valeurs,
  abstract = {Ce livre, s'appuyant sur la partie française d'une grande enquête internationale par questionnaire réalisée à trois reprises en 1981, 1990 et 1999, présente un diagnostic clair et documenté qui permet une interprétation des valeurs des Français et de leur évolution au cours des deux dernières décennies. },
  address = {Paris},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4438 ; 10.4232/1.4460 ; 10.4232/1.11307},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v2.0.0 ; ZA4460 v2.0.0 ; ZA3811 v1.0.0},
  isbn = {2200252129},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book french},
  pages = 280,
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Les valeurs des Français. Évolutions de 1980 à 2000},
  year = 2000
}

@mastersthesis{charvatova2018komparativn,
  abstract = {The main focus of the diploma thesis is an exploration of the modern homonegativity  construct within two nations. Basic principles of prejudice are described and negative  attitudes towards homosexuals are explored in detail in the theoretical part of the thesis. Intercultural research is introduced in the subsequent section, which compares homonegativity between two cultural samples and explores the presumptive predictors of homonegativity. There was no significant difference in homonegativity between Czech respondents (N = 116) and Slovak respondents (N = 76), however, there were  some significant findings concerning other hypothesis presented in the study. Another aim of this thesis was to localize the Modern Homonegativity Scale (Morrison & Morrison, 2002) from English into respective languages as well as confirm reliability of translated questionnaires during the testing phase. },
  address = {Brně},
  author = {Charvátová, Michaela},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  pages = 103,
  school = {Masarykova Univerzita Filozofická Fakulta Psychologický Ustav},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Komparativní studie úrovně homonegativity v České republice a na Slovensku },
  url = {https://is.muni.cz/th/jug57/DIPLOMOVA_PRACE.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{roudet2010liens,
  abstract = {Dépolitisation, crise de confiance dans les institutions politiques, développement de mobilisations protestataires : en 1999, l’avant-dernière enquête Valeurs témoignait de tendances fortes dans le rapport des jeunes à la politique – (1) V. encadré Sources p. 4. Dix ans plus tard, les résultats de la dernière enquête révèlent un regain d’intérêt des jeunes pour la politique et confirment une montée de la participation protestataire, tandis que le déficit politique concerne toujours les jeunes les moins scolarisés.},
  author = {Roudet, Bernard},
  journal = {Jeunesses: études et synthèses},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-4},
  title = {Liens à la politique. Des jeunes davantage impliqués et plus protestataires},
  url = {http://injep.fr/publication/liens-a-la-politique-des-jeunes-davantage-impliques-et-plus-protestataires/},
  year = 2010
}

@techreport{jann2014methodological,
  address = {Bern},
  author = {Jann, Ben and Seiler, Simon},
  institution = {University of Bern, Department of Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro techreport},
  number = 5,
  pages = 30,
  series = {Working Paper},
  title = {A New Methodological Approach for Studying Intergernerational Mobility with an Application to Swiss Data},
  url = {http://boris.unibe.ch/48534/1/jann-seiler-mobility-2014.pdf},
  year = 2014
}

@article{brauksa2016political,
  abstract = {This article explains political business cycle theory and political factors that could affect economic development. It introduces results of previous research for the case of Latvia and seeks for the explanation and insight on the action appropriate to the theory and possibility to apply it for the situation in Latvia. This article uses European values Study data, which is a cross-national and longitudinal survey aimed at understanding human value system and beliefs all over Europe. In the study there is an ongoing discussion on how decisions and actions of the politicians have influenced people’s trust and attitude towards them and how this can be partially explained by political business cycle theory.},
  author = {Braukša, Ieva},
  journal = {Journal of Economics and Management Research},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {5-13},
  title = {Political Aspects of Economic Development in Latvia},
  volume = {4/5},
  year = 2016
}

@article{vecernik2015satisfaction,
  abstract = {This article contributes to the debate about the impact of the transition on subjective well-being. After reviewing the relevant literature the authors draw on the surveys of the European Values Study of 1991, 1999 and 2008 to describe the trends in life satisfaction in 13 Western and 11 Eastern countries. The analysis finds that life satisfaction levels in transition countries have come to approach those in the West: the ‘rather unhappy’ 1990s were followed by the ‘rather happy’ 2000s. The strengthening correlation between life satisfaction and GDP reflects this process of convergence. The characteristics of respondents, however, are more important than the national GDP, and a regression of life satisfaction with basic demographic and stratification variables shows their reinforcing effect, especially in Eastern countries. The findings of other surveys reporting on developments of attitudes since 2008 vary but are far from proving a uniform negative impact of economic recession on life satisfaction. },
  author = {Večerník, Jiří and Mysíková, Martina},
  doi = {10.1080/14631377.2015.1026687},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026687},
  journal = {Post-Communist Economies},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {170-187},
  title = {GDP and life satisfaction in European countries – focus on transition},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2015.1026687},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2015
}

@article{kaasa2017culture,
  abstract = {This exploratory study investigates the effect of different cultural dimensions on different innovation indicators covering as many EU countries and neighbouring countries as possible. The measures of cultural dimensions were composed on the basis of the EVS/WVS data with the help of confirmatory factor analysis. Correlation, regression, graphical and cluster analyses were used. It was confirmed that innovation processes are strongly reliant on culture: power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity turned out to be negatively and individualism positively related to innovation performance. The final innovation performance may develop on the basis of the combined effect of the four cultural dimensions that may or may not balance each other in a particular country. Hence, the Culture Index was calculated on the basis of the four cultural dimensions and it appeared to explain the differences in innovation performance between different countries quite well.},
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli},
  doi = {10.1111/tesg.12194},
  issn = {1467-9663},
  journal = {Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {109-128},
  title = {Culture and Innovation: Evidence from the European Union and Neighbouring Countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12194},
  volume = 108,
  year = 2017
}

@phdthesis{haveric2018beyond,
  author = {Haveric, Sabina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  pages = 180,
  school = {Wirtschafts-und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Beyond ethnic voting: Economic and patronage driven electoral mobilization},
  url = {https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/8596/1/Haveric%2C%20Sabina%20%282018%29%20Dissertation.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{nn2018wertestudie,
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Oberösterreichische Nachrichten},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  title = {Wertestudie: Österreicher wollen ausgeglichene Work-Life-Balance},
  url = {https://www.nachrichten.at/nachrichten/chronik/Wertestudie-OEsterreicher-wollen-ausgeglichene-Work-Life-Balance;art58,3046204,PRINT?_FRAME=33},
  year = 2018
}

@article{boutaud2019france,
  author = {Boutaud, Anne-Sophie},
  journal = {CNRS Le journal},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {La France de 2019: plus critique et plus altruiste},
  url = {https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/la-france-de-2019-plus-critique-et-plus-altruiste},
  year = 2019
}

@article{tomescudubrow2016harmonization,
  abstract = {This article describes challenges and solutions to ex post harmonization of survey data in the social sciences based on the big data project “Democratic Values and Protest Behavior: Data Harmonization, Measurement Comparability, and Multi-Level Modeling.” This project engages with the relationship between democracy and protest behavior in comparative perspective by proposing a theoretical model that explains variation in political protest through individual-level characteristics, country-level determinants, and interactions between the two. Testing it requires data with information at both the individual and country levels that vary across space and over time. The project’s team pooled information from 22 well-known international survey projects into a data set of 2.3 million respondents, covering a total of 142 countries and territories, and spanning almost 50 years, to construct common measures of political behavior, social attitudes, and demographics. The integrated data set is appended with country variables from nonsurvey sources. Mapping the methodological complexities this work raised and their solutions became the springboard for the analytic framework of Survey Data Recycling (SDR). SDR facilitates reprocessing information from extant cross-national projects in ways that minimize the “messiness” of data built into original surveys, expand the range of possible comparisons over time and across countries, and improve confidence in substantive results.},
  author = {Tomescu-Dubrow, Irina and Slomczynski, Kazimierz M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10874 ; 10.4232/1.10878 ; 10.4232/1.10888 ; 10.4232/1.10937 ; 10.4232/1.10964 ; 10.4232/1.11479 ; 10.4232/1.11558 ; 10.4232/1.1490 ; 10.4232/1.1840 ; 10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2150 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.3190 ; 10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.10079 ; 10.4232/1.11334 ; 10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.11418 ; 10.4232/1.11759 ; 10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1080/00207659.2016.1130424},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1318 ; ZA1320 ; ZA1750 ; ZA3387 ; ZA4231 ; ZA5234 ; ZA5612 ; ZA1490 ; ZA1840 ; ZA1950 ; ZA2150 ; ZA2900 ; ZA3190 ; ZA3950 ; ZA4700 ; ZA4850 ; ZA4950 ; ZA5400 ; ZA5500 ; ZA5800 ; ZA4804},
  issn = {00207659},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {58-72},
  study-id = {EB19 ; EB21 ; EB31 ; EB54.1 ; EB62.2 ; EB73.4 ; EB77.3 ; ISSP1985 ; ISSP1989 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2010 ; ISSP2011 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Harmonization of Cross-National Survey Projects on Political Behavior: Developing the Analytic Framework of Survey Data Recycling},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207659.2016.1130424},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2016
}

@book{kregting2019persistent,
  abstract = {Over the last 50 years, the Netherlands has undergone a process of massive secularisation, in terms of the decline of institutionalised religion. This study tests a wide range of explanations for this process, built on modernisation theory, with high quality survey data. In addition, despite modernisation and the rise of gender equality in the area of social structural location, a religious gender gap persists in the Netherlands with women being more religious than men. With a comprehensive model of social and psychological differences between Dutch men and women, this study contributes to an explanation for this gap.},
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Kregting, Joris},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9783643911780},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Lit Verlag},
  series = {Interreligious Studies},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Persistent Religious Gender Gap in the Netherlands in Times of Secularization, 1966-2015},
  year = 2019
}

@book{rahlf2017visualisation,
  abstract = {This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of creating presentation graphics using R, based on 100 detailed and complete scripts. It shows how bar and column charts, population pyramids, Lorenz curves, box plots, scatter plots, time series, radial polygons, Gantt charts, heat maps, bump charts, mosaic and balloon charts, and a series of different thematic map types can be created using R’s Base Graphics System. Every example uses real data and includes step-by-step explanations of the figures and their programming. The open source software R is an established standard and a powerful tool for various visualizing applications, integrating nearly all technologies relevant for data visualization. The basic software, enhanced by more than 7000 extension packs currently freely available, is intensively used by organizations including Google, Facebook and the CIA. The book serves as a comprehensive reference guide to a broad variety of applications in various fields. This book is intended for all kinds of R users, ranging from experts, for whom especially the example codes are particularly useful, to beginners, who will find the finished graphics most helpful in learning what R can actually deliver.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 31. Fassung, März 2017},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Rahlf, Thomas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12512 ; 10.4232/1.10151 ; 10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.10990 ; 10.4232/1.11334 ; 10.4232/1.11506},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-49751-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2391 ; ZA4753 v1.1.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA4972 v3.0.2 ; ZA4950 ; ZA5400 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-319-49750-1},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 385,
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study = {ALLBUS1991 ; ALLBUS2010},
  study-id = {Politbarometer 1977-2021 ; EVS2008 ; EVS1981-2008 ; EB71.2 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2009},
  title = {Data Visualisation with R: 100 Examples},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49751-8},
  year = 2017
}

@article{storm2015civic,
  abstract = {The relationship between religion and volunteering is well documented (Putnam and Campbell, 2010; Ruiter and De Graaf, 2006), and a prevalent hypothesis for the association is that the effect of religion is mediated through religious social networks. However, research on this relationship has largely been conducted on majority Christian populations in the United States and Europe. In this study, we use two data sets, the European Values Study (1999–2008) and the Ethnic Minority British Election Survey (2010) to examine this relationship in Britain on the general population and ethnic minority population, respectively. The results suggest that religion increases volunteering primarily through bonding rather than bridging social networks. We also find that in non-Christian religions, solitary and collective religious rituals may both have an effect on civic participation, but whereas the effect of service attendance is mediated through bonding social networks, the effect of prayer is mediated more through bridging networks. Finally, values of individual autonomy and generalized trust are associated with non-religious, but not religious, participation, suggesting an alternative secular ethos of civic engagement. },
  author = {Storm, Ingrid},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {14-29},
  title = {Civic engagement in Britain: the role of religion and inclusive values},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2015
}

@article{alaminos2016opinin,
  abstract = {In European public opinion, majorities consistently support the view that democratic governments and public administrations bear primary responsibility for providing social welfare, which is widely understood as an obligation of the state rather than of civil society or the private sector. This expectation forms the backdrop to the 2007 economic crisis and the subsequent retrenchment of welfare systems in several Southern European countries. Although civil society organisations continue to play a significant role, they are not generally perceived as being responsible for managing welfare provision, and the role attributed to charities or the private sector remains limited in areas such as child protection, social services and social housing. Survey data from 2013 concerning care for the elderly confirm this pattern: in Great Britain, respondents most frequently assigned responsibility either to the elderly themselves (39%) or to the government (33%), whereas in Spain and Italy a majority attributed responsibility primarily to the government (55%) and secondarily to families (20%); Turkish public opinion shows a similar pattern, with 42% assigning responsibility to the government and 22% to families. Across all countries considered, reductions in state welfare provision, such as limiting public healthcare, are viewed negatively. In matters of poverty reduction and inequality, the central role is likewise attributed to the state, while individualistic perspectives or approaches assigning responsibility to civil society organisations receive comparatively little support. This preference for government intervention must be understood in the broader context of a widespread perception that inequality has increased in recent years and constitutes a serious problem, particularly for democracy. In 2012, respondents rated the importance for democracy that the government protect citizens against poverty very highly on a scale from 1 to 10, with averages of 9.37 in Spain, 9.2 in Italy, 8.8 in Portugal and 8.4 in Britain, indicating broad recognition of the democratic legitimacy of state responsibility for combating poverty and social exclusion. Cross-national differences nevertheless emerge: in Portugal and Turkey it was widely regarded as unjust that wealth should determine access to better education or healthcare, whereas in Britain greater acceptance of inequality-based privileges was observed; conversely, poverty was more frequently perceived as causing health problems in Portugal and Turkey than in Britain. In 2014 dissatisfaction with public services was particularly high in Spain and Italy, consistent with earlier critical assessments in Portugal, while Britain appeared to have experienced fewer perceived declines in quality, even though many respondents in Italy, Spain and Britain expected the health system to worsen; by contrast, Turkish society displayed greater optimism regarding future improvements. A paradox becomes evident in that, although responsibility for combating poverty is clearly attributed to governments, confidence in their effective action remains relatively low: in 2009 majorities in Italy, Britain, Spain and Portugal expressed distrust in government efforts against poverty. At the same time, nearly three out of four citizens tended to trust NGOs and charitable organisations, and confidence in citizens’ own capacity to combat poverty occupied an intermediate position, highest in Spain and Portugal and lowest in Italy. Data from 2008 and 2009 further show that participation in civil society organisations involved in welfare provision was generally limited, partly reflecting the strong belief that welfare provision is fundamentally a state responsibility. In the context of economic crisis, resilience and solidarity have increased, yet this has not translated into a substantial expansion of formal civil society engagement; rather, given the close link between welfare and democratic legitimacy, political reactions in the electoral arena appear more likely than a structural shift of responsibility away from the state.},
  author = {Alaminos, Antonio},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.11759},
  doi = {10.14198/socdos.2016.1.1.01},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA5400 v3.0.0 ; ZA5800 v2.0.0,},
  issn = {2445-2661},
  journal = {Sociologiados. Revista de Investigación Social},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 1,
  pages = {15-47},
  publisher = {Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Sociología II},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2011},
  title = {La opinión pública internacional y el Estado del Bienestar [The International Public Opinion and the Welfare State]},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2016
}

@book{baloban2005potrazi,
  address = {Zagreb},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro book other},
  publisher = {Golden­marketing-Tehnička­knjiga},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {U POTRAZI ZA IDENTITETOM},
  year = 2005
}

@article{pachulia2018catch,
  author = {Pachulia, Merab},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {The Financial},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {"Catch Up and Overtake America" has failed, shall we give it another try? },
  url = {https://finchannel.com/opinion/73595-catch-up-and-overtake-america-has-failed-shall-we-give-it-another-try},
  year = 2018
}

@article{kramer2016ungleichheitsrtsel,
  author = {Kramer, Bernd},
  day = 15,
  journal = {Der Spiegel},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article german},
  month = {December},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Das Ungleichheitsrätsel},
  type = {Newspaper},
  year = 2016
}

@book{adam2019policy,
  abstract = {The responsiveness to societal demands is both the key virtue and the key problem of modern democracies. On the one hand, responsiveness is a central cornerstone of democratic legitimacy. On the other hand, responsiveness inevitably entails policy accumulation. While policy accumulation often positively reflects modernisation and human progress, it also undermines democratic government in three main ways. First, policy accumulation renders policy content increasingly complex, which crowds out policy substance from public debates and leads to an increasingly unhealthy discursive prioritisation of politics over policy. Secondly, policy accumulation comes with aggravating implementation deficits, as it produces administrative backlogs and incentivises selective implementation. Finally, policy accumulation undermines the pursuit of evidence-based public policy, because it threatens our ability to evaluate the increasingly complex interactions within growing policy mixes. The authors argue that the stability of democratic systems will crucially depend on their ability to make policy accumulation more sustainable.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Adam, Christian and Hurka, Steffen and Knill, Christoph and Steinebach, Yves},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4747 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1017/9781108646888},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4747 v1.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9781108481199},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  pages = 250,
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  series = {Cambridge Studies in Comparative Public Policy},
  study-id = {ISSP1985-1990-1996-2006 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Policy Accumulation and the Democratic Responsiveness Trap},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108646888.},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{ljunge2018trust,
  abstract = {Past studies have shown that trust measures are clearly and positively correlated with good health. The problem for research, however, lies in the uncertainty over whether trust actually causes better health or whether the reverse is true. Martin Ljunge applied his design to solve this problem. Focusing on the health of very young children and finding that the mother typically carries the trust for the children, he gathered trust measures both in the present country as well as in the motherâ€™s country of origin. Thus, trust becomes exogenous to the current problem. This exogenous trust measure was significant and beneficial in the childrenâ€™s health.},
  author = {Ljunge, Martin},
  booktitle = {Elgar Companion to Social Capital and Health},
  doi = {10.4337/9781785360718.00022},
  editor = {Folland, Sherman and Nauenberg, Eric},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {184-195},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study = {WVS/EVS},
  title = {Trust promotes health: addressing reverse causality by studying children of immigrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785360718.00022},
  year = 2018
}

@article{pavlovic2016postmaterialism,
  abstract = {The materialist-postmaterialist value dimension, understood as assigning priority to self-expression and quality of life as opposed to physical and economic security, has been one of the most important heuristic tools in the analysis of the changes of predominant values in cross-cultural and comparative studies in past decades. In recent elaboration of self-expression and emancipative values (in both cases, with postmaterialism as the most important component), postmaterialist values have been viewed as an essence of democratic political culture and a cultural precondition of effective democracy. This study was aimed at analysing the relation between postmaterialist values (understood as a political - thick culture variable), satisfaction with country’s democracy (institutional - thin culture variable) and support for democracy. The data from the European Values Survey (EVS), conducted on the nationally representative samples in twenty East European countries on the total of twenty countries and 30,393 respondents, were used. It is shown that postmaterialism is an important aspect of democratic political culture in Eastern Europe; in general, the most supportive of democracy are postmaterialists. On the other hand, there is a mixed pattern between the postmaterialist values and satisfaction with democracy – in some countries, citizens satisfied with democracy are more prone to choose postmaterialist items compared to the dissatisfied ones, while in some other countries the reverse is true. Both are, however, important predictors of the support for democracy as well as the country’s level of democracy development (measured by the EIU Democracy index). The relevance of postmaterialist values for the promotion of democratic political culture in Eastern Europe, possible alternative mechanisms of value change as well as the materialist-postmaterialist conception are discussed.},
  author = {Pavlović, Zoran},
  issn = {2285-4916},
  journal = {European Quarterly of Political Attitudes and Mentalities},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {41-55},
  title = {(Post)Materialism, Satisfaction with Democracy and Support for Democracy in Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-48024-3},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2016
}

@techreport{harding1981european,
  author = {Harding, Stephen D and George, C},
  institution = {European Value Systems Study Group},
  keywords = {1981 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro techreport},
  title = {European Values Pilot Survey: Comments on the British Data},
  year = 1981
}

@article{lambert2006leurope,
  author = {Lambert, Yves},
  editor = {Lambert, Yves},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Le Monde des Religions},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 15,
  pages = {30-31},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {L'Europe des 'athees convaincus'},
  year = 2006
}

@article{ang2017wheat,
  abstract = {Several recent contributions to the literature have suggested that the strength of family ties is related to various economic and social outcomes. For example, Alesina and Giuliano (2014) highlight that the strength of family ties is strongly correlated with lower \{GDP\} and lower quality of institutions. However, the forces shaping family ties remain relatively unexplored in the literature. This paper proposes and tests the hypothesis that the agricultural legacy of a country matters for shaping the strength of its family ties. Using data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, the results show that societies with a legacy of cultivating wheat tend to have weaker family ties. Analysis at the sub-national level (US data) and the country level corroborate these findings. The estimations allow for alternative hypotheses which propose that pathogen stress and climatic variation can potentially also give rise to the formation of family ties. The results suggest that the suitability of land for wheat production is the most influential factor in explaining the variation in the strength of family ties across societies and countries. },
  author = {Ang, James B. and Fredriksson, Per G.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.08.007},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {0014-2921},
  journal = {European Economic Review },
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {236-256},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Wheat agriculture and family ties},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292117301599},
  volume = 100,
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{dyrstad2017institutional,
  abstract = {Successfully building new democracies depends on the development of a viable political culture that brings citizens together regardless of their location within the cleavages and divides of society. This has been a critical part of the democratization process in the Yugoslav successor states. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate how far these countries have come in establishing citizens’ trust in institutions. We see institutional trust as a key aspect of political culture. Much of scholarly interest in the democratic development of the successor states has focused on the choice of new institutions, including the complex institutional structures that have been implemented in many countries, with Bosnia-Herzegovina as the most striking case. Instead of analyzing these new institutions in detail, we study how citizens themselves evaluate their institutions, with an emphasis on the public's confidence in the main national institutions, specifically the parliament, civil institutions, and institutions assuring public order (such as the armed forces, the police, and the justice system). For comparative purposes, we also evaluate the level of trust in the European Union held by those same citizens. The advantage of studying citizens’ trust in institutions rather than investigating the institutions themselves is that it is hard to determine a priori criteria against which institutions should be evaluated. Due to the inherent intricacy of domestic institutions, they are also difficult to compare. Comparing trust in the same institutions, on the other hand, is relatively straightforward. Previous research has shown that institutional performance is a key determinant of political trust, and institutional trust can therefore be seen as a simple performance indicator of how citizens evaluate their institutions. If citizens develop confidence and trust in the new institutions, this indicates that the institutions are working. We know from previous research that it is difficult to establish clear criteria or cut-off points for high and low levels of trust, and that comparisons over time or across countries are necessary in order to evaluate how well institutions are perceived to be performing. This means that reported levels of trust should not be interpreted in absolute terms. However, repeated measurements over time as well as cross-country comparisons provide information on relative values.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Dyrstad, Karin and Listhaug, Ola},
  booktitle = {Building Democracy in the Yugoslav Successor States: Accomplishments, Setbacks, and Challenges since 1990},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1017/9781316848289.005},
  editor = {Ramet, Sabrina P. and Hassenstab, Christine M. and Listhaug, Ola},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {87-107},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Institutional Trust in the Yugoslav Successor States: A Comparative Approach},
  url = {http://dx.doi.orf/10.1017/9781316848289.005},
  year = 2017
}

@book{lomazzi2016donne,
  abstract = {Sebbene molti passi siano stati fatti nel cammino verso la parità tra uomini e donne, le relazioni tra i generi e la legittimazione del ruolo della donna nella sfera pubblica restano ancora limitate da vincoli culturali che non permettono il pieno riconoscimento dei diritti e delle potenzialità che il contributo femminile può offrire alla società. I paesi europei hanno sviluppato i propri percorsi verso la parità con ritmi e velocità differenti, portando ad esiti molto diversi, nonostante il comune percorso indirizzato dalla strategia transnazionale del gender mainstreaming. Esistono delle ragioni culturali che motivano questa diversità? Quali sono i fattori contestuali ed individuali che possono limitare o promuovere lo sviluppo di una cultura maggiormente paritaria? E perché alcuni paesi europei migliorano di anno in anno la propria situazione ed altri restano invece stazionari? Assumendo le dinamiche di genere come un concetto situato e multilivello, il volume cerca di rispondere a questi interrogativi, mettendo in evidenza il legame esistente tra i valori individuali e il contesto culturale di riferimento, proponendo un'analisi sincronica e diacronica degli atteggiamenti verso i ruoli femminili nella sfera pubblica.},
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera},
  isbn = {9788891739902},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book other},
  pages = 224,
  publisher = {FrancoAngeli},
  series = {Sociologia per la persona},
  title = {Donne e sfera pubblica. I valori degli europei a confronto},
  year = 2016
}

@article{dalgas2019undersgelse,
  abstract = {Over de seneste 30 år er der sket et markant skred i danskernes opdragelsesværdier, viser en stor undersøgelse. I dag ønsker de fleste danskere ifølge undersøgelsen, at børn får større respekt i forhold til autoriteter og fastere rammer i opdragelsen. Det er vigtige vilkår for, at børn lykkes, lyder det fra eksperter. },
  author = {Dalgas, Julie},
  journal = {Berlingske},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Stor undersøgelse: Forældre efterlyser fastere rammer og større respekt for autoriteter},
  url = {https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/stor-undersoegelse-foraeldre-efterlyser-fastere-rammer-og-stoerre-respekt},
  year = 2019
}

@book{polak2011zukunft,
  address = {Wien},
  editor = {Polak, Regina},
  isbn = {978-3-205-78732-7},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 341,
  publisher = {Böhlau Verlag},
  title = {Zukunft. Werte. Europa. Die europäische Wertestudie 1990-2010: Österreich im Vergleich},
  year = 2011
}

@article{riederer2020parttime,
  abstract = {Comparing employment rates of mothers and childless women over the life course across the birth cohorts from 1940 to 1979 in Austria, we address the question of whether the parenthood effect on employment has declined. By following synthetic cohorts of mothers and childless women up to retirement age, we can study both the short-term and long-term consequences of having a child. We consider employment participation as well as working time and also perform analyses by educational level. Our study is based on the Austrian microcensus, conducted between 1986 and 2016, and uses descriptive methods, logistic regression models, and decomposition analysis. The results show that the increase in the proportion of part-time work has led to a declining work volume of mothers with young children, despite employment rates of mothers having increased across cohorts. Return to the workplace is progressively concentrated when the child is 3–5 years old, but the parenthood effect has become weaker only from the time children enter school. Part-time employment is primarily adopted (at least with younger children) by highly educated mothers and often remains a long-term arrangement.},
  author = {Riederer, Bernhard and Berghammer, Caroline},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.1700 ; 10.4232/1.2620 ; 10.4232/1.11564 ; 10.4232/1.12661},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcz058},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA1700 v1.0.0 ; ZA2620 v1.0.0 ; ZA3880 v1.1.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0266-7215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {284-302},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP1988 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {The Part-Time Revolution: Changes in the Parenthood Effect on Women’s Employment in Austria across the Birth Cohorts from 1940 to 1979},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz058},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2020
}

@article{meinhart2018religis,
  abstract = {Alle zehn Jahre widmet sich eine Studie dem Wertegefüge der Bevölkerung. Im dritten Teil der profil-Serie geht es um die Religion. },
  author = {Meinhart, Edith},
  journal = {Profil},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 45,
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Wie religiös sind die Österreicher?},
  url = {https://www.profil.at/shortlist/oesterreich/religioes-oesterreicher-religion-kirche-gott-10457504},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2018
}

@mastersthesis{malejcikova2017sexulna,
  abstract = {The aim of this thesis is a cross-cultural comparism of the sexual identity of LGB respondents and attitudes of adult heterosexual participants towards them between Brazil and Slovakia. Firstly, the sexual identity of LGB has been tested using LGBIS (Mohr & Kendra, 2012). Secondly, attitudes of adult heterosexuals have been measured using Multidimensional Scale of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Man (Gato, Fontaine & Carneiro, 2012). Results have shown some differences in sexual identity between slovakian and brazilian LGB as well as a relation between social environment and attitudes of heterosexual adults towards homosexuals. Slovakian participants tend to hold more homophobic attitudes and support homosexuals less than Brazilians (p< .001). Additional analysis of gender and religiosity influence is discussed and further research is suggested.},
  address = {Brne},
  author = {Malejčíková, Dominika},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Sexuálna identita LGB a postoj dospelých heterosexuálnych respondentov voči nim (Komparatívna štúdia Brazílie a Slovenska)},
  url = {https://is.muni.cz/th/huvjj/DP_Masarykova_univerzita_pre_IS.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@article{soon2017effects,
  abstract = {With the European Union expansion in 2004 providing a unique form of natural experiment, this paper uses the European Values Study data and the difference-in-differences estimation to identify causal effects of the EU expansion on migrants’ employment chances and income. Estimation results suggest that the expansion has increased migrants’ employment chances and income. The probability of having a full-time employment for a male migrant in the postexpansion period increases by about 7.7 percentage points. The increase in income for male migrants is higher than that of their female counterparts after the expansion. When the income distribution is broken down into quantiles, estimation results show that male migrants at lower ends of the income distribution experience higher increase in income. At the highest end of the income distribution, there is no evidence that the expansion has any significant effect on either male or female migrants´ income.},
  address = {Prague},
  author = {Soon, Jan-Jan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.18267/j.pep.648},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  journal = {Prague Economic Papers},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  publisher = {University of Economics Prague},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Effects of EU Expansion on Migrants’ Employment and Income: A Natural Experiment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.648},
  year = 2017
}

@article{rebuffat2019dmocratie,
  author = {Rebuffat, Jean},
  journal = {Entre les lignes},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Démocratie, je t'aime, moi non plus},
  url = {http://www.entreleslignes.be/poing-de-vue/2019/semaine/17/d%C3%A9mocratie-je-t-aime-moi-non-plus},
  year = 2019
}

@article{caughey2019policy,
  abstract = {Using new scaling methods and a comprehensive public opinion dataset, we develop the first survey-based time-series–cross-sectional measures of policy ideology in European mass publics. Our dataset covers 27 countries and 36 years and contains nearly 2.7 million survey responses to 109 unique issue questions. Estimating an ordinal group-level IRT model in each of four issue domains, we obtain biennial estimates of the absolute economic conservatism, relative economic conservatism, social conservatism, and immigration conservatism of men and women in three age categories in each country. Aggregating the group-level estimates yields estimates of the average conservatism in national publics in each biennium between 1981–82 and 2015–16. The four measures exhibit contrasting cross-sectional cleavages and distinct temporal dynamics, illustrating the multidimensionality of mass ideology in Europe. Subjecting our measures to a series of validation tests, we show that the constructs they measure are distinct and substantively important and that they perform as well as or better than one-dimensional proxies for mass conservatism (left–right self-placement and median voter scores). We foresee many uses for these scores by scholars of public opinion, electoral behavior, representation, and policy feedback.},
  author = {Caughey, Devin and O’Grady, Tom and Warshaw, Christopher},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.1490 ; 10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.12994 ; 10.4232/1.1680 ; 10.4232/1.2310 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.2450 ; 10.4232/1.3440 ; 10.4232/1.11418 ; 10.4232/1.2880 ; 10.4232/1.10077 ; 10.4232/1.12312 ; 10.4232/1.1700 ; 10.4232/1.2620 ; 10.4232/1.11564 ; 10.4232/1.12022 ; 10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.11136 ; 10.4232/1.11625 ; 10.4232/1.10980 ; 10.4232/1.11755 ; 10.4232/1.11135 ; 10.4232/1.10926 ; 10.4232/1.10935 ; 10.4232/1.10956},
  doi = {10.1017/S0003055419000157},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1490 v1.0.0 ; ZA1950 v1.0.0 ; ZA2900 v1.0.0 ; ZA4700 v1.0.0 ; ZA6900 v1.0.0 ; ZA1680 v1.0.0 ; ZA2310 v1.0.0 ; ZA3430 v1.0.0 ; ZA5400 v3.0.0 ; ZA2450 v1.0.0 ; ZA3440 v1.0.0 ; ZA5500 v2.0.0 ; ZA2880 v1.0.0 ; ZA3910 v2.0.0 ; ZA5950 2.0.0 ; ZA1700 1.0.0 ; ZA2620 1.0.0 ; ZA3880 v1.1.0 ; ZA5900 2.0.0 ; ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA4975 v3.0.0 ; ZA5237 v4.2.0 ; ZA4526 v1.0.1 ; ZA4744 v5.0.0 ; ZA4973 v3.0.0 ; ZA2936 v1.0.1 ; ZA3296 v1.0.1 ; ZA3905 v1.0.1},
  journal = {American Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {674-693},
  study-id = {EB47.1 ; EB53.0 ; EB59.2 ; EB66.1 ; EB69.2 ; EB71.3 ; EB72.1 ; EB74.1 ; EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP1985 ; ISSP1987 ; ISSP1988 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1992 ; ISSP1993 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2000 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2010 ; ISSP2012 ; ISSP2013 ; ISSP2016},
  title = {Policy Ideology in European Mass Publics, 1981–2016},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000157},
  volume = 113,
  year = 2019
}

@article{brechon2013lindividualisationlarvolutionsilencieusedeseuropens,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  day = 19,
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Le Monde},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  month = {June},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {L’individualisation:larévolutionsilencieusedesEuropéens},
  year = 2013
}

@article{mikucka2016measure,
  abstract = {This article presents issues relevant for including employment status and occupational position in analyses of survey data. It describes the employment statuses distinguished by International Labour Organization (ILO) and discusses their internal heterogeneity and possible overlaps. Further, it presents the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) and discusses its usefulness for social research. It finishes with the presentation of scales (prestige and socio-economic status) and classifications (EGP and ESeC). The discussion is illustrated by examples of questions and data from large international surveys, such as the European Social Survey, the European Values Study, and the International Social Survey Program. },
  author = {Mikucka, Małgorzata},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.10079},
  doi = {10.7172/1644-9584.60.3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA4850 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1644-9584},
  journal = {Problemy Zarządzania},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {2 (60)},
  pages = {40-60},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2007},
  title = {How to Measure Employment Status and Occupation in Analyses of Survey Data?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.60.3},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2016
}

@article{molteni2017religious,
  abstract = {The situation in formerly communist countries constitutes a particular anomaly within the sociological debate on the various secularisation processes currently unfolding in Europe. Central questions concern whether Eastern Europe experienced a religious revival after the collapse of communism and, if so, which dimensions of religiosity were most affected by such a revival. To date, sociologists have not reached a clear consensus regarding national trends or the influence of Christian doctrines on these developments. This article addresses these issues by analysing data from the European Values Study (EVS) using piecewise regression models. The results indicate that regular religious practice generally declines from one cohort to the next, while religious belief displays a more complex pattern, with an initial revival followed by a decrease from the oldest to the youngest cohorts. The dominant religious tradition of a country emerges as a significant factor in explaining these patterns. Predominantly Orthodox countries, for instance, diverge from the overall trend by showing a slight increase in religious practice and stable, very high levels of belief among the youngest cohort. This pattern is largely driven by findings from the Russian Federation and Bulgaria.},
  author = {Molteni, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.20413/rascee.2017.10.1.35-53},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Religion and Society in Central and Eastern Europe},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {35-53},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religious Change among Cohorts in Eastern Europe: A Longitudinal Analysis of Religious Practice and Belief in Formerly Communist Countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.20413/rascee.2017.10.1.35-53},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2017
}

@book{aarts2013crossnational,
  abstract = {On the 24th of March 1976, Alexander Solzhenitsyn delivered his speech Warning to the Western World on BBC Radio. He raised the question of whether Europeans are still willing to preserve and develop their own identity; not as a fortress, globalization makes that impossible, but as a reservoir of human values that can stimulate and help to build a global humanism. This speech inspired an international and multidisciplinary group of academics to debate the cultural predicament of Europe. The European Values Study (EVS) provides valid and reliable information on how Europeans felt and thought about European identity and the underlying value systems of their countries. Over time the goals of the EVS shifted from providing policymakers with accurate information to addressing the social scientific forum, and from description and ad hoc interpretations of the research findings to empirical tests of theoretical explanations.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Aarts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004261662_002},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004261662},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  number = 15,
  pages = {1-17},
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies},
  title = {Cross-National Values in Europe Today: Facts andExplanations},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004261662_002},
  volume = {Value contrasts and consensus in present-day Europe: painting Europe's moral landscapes},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{linssen2014trends,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Linssen, Rik and Schmeets, Hans and Scheepers, Peer and te Grotenhuis, Manfred},
  booktitle = {Political Trust and Disenchantment with Politics},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004276062_004},
  editor = {Eder, Christina and Mochmann, Ingvill and Quandt, Markus},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {31-58},
  publisher = {Brill},
  title = {Trends in Conventional and Unconventional Political: Participation in Europe, 1981–2008               },
  url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/books/b9789004276062s004},
  year = 2014
}

@inproceedings{rennstich2017shift,
  abstract = {Whereas Inglehart and Baker (2000) try to show the relationship between economic development and systematic changes in basic values, this paper attempts to test the existence of a relationship between a certain set of values and “digital economic fitness” in a changed global economic environment now dominated by digital technology. Digitalization has impacted political agency, economic and social participation, as well as cultural parameters, and as a consequence individual behavior. Social norms and values, the argument goes, have altered the establishment and impact of social networks. Whether those values seem to translate into national “digital cultures,” or put differently whether certain values seem to be clustered more strongly within some countries than within others or whether they tend to balance each other out. Before we can look at the aggregate nation-level, we must establish a clear relationship between individual attitudes and a culture leading to a society better equipped for the “Digital Economy” and do so by investigating data from the latest waves of the World Value Survey and European Values Survey conducted from 2002-2014.},
  author = {Rennstich, Joachim K.},
  booktitle = {IPSA 2017, Digital Political Science, Hannover, Dec 4- 6, 2017},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Shift Towards a Digital Culture? Postindustrialism, Values, and Digital Fitness},
  url = {https://hannover2017.ipsa.org/sites/hannover2017.ipsa.org/files/2017-12/2017_Hannover_Paper_Rennstich.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@book{hein2018grenzen,
  abstract = {Von den "Grenzen der Verfassung" ist seit dem frühen 19. Jahrhundert die Rede. Dieser Sonderband widmet sich in interdisziplinärer Perspektive der Frage, ob und in welcher Weise der Grenzbegriff für die verfassungspolitische Analyse systematisch fruchtbar gemacht werden kann. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass moderne Verfassungen nicht nur selbst aktiv Grenzen ziehen, sondern sich auch ihrerseits vielfältigen Grenzziehungen gegenüber sehen. Diese Grenzen werden von den politik- und rechtswissenschaftlichen Beiträgen dieses Sonderbandes systematisch unter die Lupe genommen. Vier Grenzziehungen werden näher untersucht: die Grenzen der Verfassungsgebung, die Grenzen der Effektivität und Präzision von Verfassungen, die Grenzen der Legitimität von Verfassungen und die nationalstaatlichen Verfassungsgrenzen. Darüber hinaus werden die zentralen methodischen und inhaltlichen Fragen diskutiert, denen sich die Verfassungsforschung mit Rückgriff auf den Grenzbegriff zukünftig widmen sollte.},
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  editor = {Hein, Michael and Petersen, Felix and Steinsdorff, Silvia von},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-8487-4947-8},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 288,
  publisher = {Nomos},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Die Grenzen der Verfassung},
  year = 2018
}

@article{aassve2016trust,
  abstract = {We argue that the divergence in fertility trends in advanced societies is influenced by the interaction of long-standing differences in generalized trust with the increase in women's educational attainment. Our argument builds on the idea that trust enhances individuals’ and couples’ willingness to outsource childcare to outside their extended family. This becomes critically important as women's increased education leads to greater demand for combining work and family life. We test our hypothesis using data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study on 36 industrialized countries between the years 1981 and 2009. Multilevel statistical analyses reveal that the interaction between national-level generalized trust and cohort-level women's education is positively associated with completed fertility. As education among women expands, high levels of generalized trust moderate fertility decline.},
  author = {Aassve, Arnstein and Billari, Francesco C. and Pessin, Léa},
  doi = {10.1093/sf/sow080},
  eprint = {/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/sf/95/2/10.1093_sf_sow080/3/sow080.pdf},
  journal = {Social Forces},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = 663,
  title = {Trust and Fertility Dynamics},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow080},
  volume = 95,
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{jagodzinski2010welchen,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Jagodzinski, Wolfgang and Dülmer, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Komparative empirische Sozialforschung},
  editor = {Beckers, Tilo and Birkelbach, Klaus and Hagenah, Jörg and Rosar, Ulrich},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {231-257},
  publisher = {VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Welchen Einfluss hat Kultur auf die Einstellungen zu Moral, Gleichheit und Demokratie in christlichen europäischen Gesellschaften und in der Türkei?},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-46475-2},
  year = 2010
}

@book{clements2016surveying,
  abstract = {Clements provides a detailed study of religious beliefs in British society, using a broad range of opinion poll and social survey data. Examining public opinion on religious-secular issues, this book provides a rich analysis of the belief and attitudes of social groups over time.},
  address = {Basingstoke},
  author = {Clements, B.},
  isbn = {978-1349700981},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 144,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},
  title = {Surveying Christian Beliefs and Religious Debates in Post-War Britain},
  year = 2016
}

@article{uz2015cultures,
  abstract = {The consequences of globalization are a matter of debate. This study is an attempt to test the predictions of homogenization, polarization, and hybridization theorists with regard to the similarities and differences between and within societies. Utilizing four waves of the World Values Survey, from 1989 to 2007, this study covers 20 societies that represent 55% of the world population. The survey involved value statements in 72 areas by nationally representative samples. Results showed that differences between Western and non-Western countries’ cultures tended to increase slightly over time, but that these increases in disagreement were not due to cultures moving in opposite directions. In all instances, they were moving in the same direction, with one of the cultures moving faster. The direction of influence was mostly from Western toward non-Western, lending support to the idea that globalization leads to homogenization, rather than to polarization or hybridization.},
  author = {Uz, Irem},
  doi = {10.1177/0539018414554827},
  eprint = {http://ssi.sagepub.com/content/54/1/78.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {Social Science Information},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {78-90},
  title = {Do cultures clash?},
  url = {http://ssi.sagepub.com/content/54/1/78.abstract},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2015
}

@techreport{obrzan2017transition,
  abstract = {Previous literature has shown substantially lower levels of self-reported health in transition countries compared to developed and developing countries. The current paper provides the most recent estimates of the size of the transition gap in self-rated health by using up to 241,698 observations from the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS) collected between 1989 and 2014. During the earlier transition period of 1989–2007 transition countries were 0.088 to 0.127 lower on a 0 to 1 scale (from ‘Very poor’ to ‘Very good’ self-rated health). The transition gap remains in place in the second period after the Asian crisis (0.069 to 0.094 lower self-rated health) and even after the Global financial crisis of 2008 (0.062 to 0.105 lower self-rated health). Judging from these estimates the process of transition is far from completion at least based on a subjective evaluation of health, which is one of the key determinants of human development. It is also plausible that poor self-perceived health may ‘justify’ abnormally high health-care utilization and an excessive (and expensive) network of physicians and hospital beds per capita still characterizing transition countries.},
  author = {Obrzan, Maksym},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  institution = {Kyiv School of Economics, Ukraine},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english techreport},
  series = {MPRA Paper No. 81151},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Transition gap in self-rated health},
  url = {https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/81151/},
  year = 2017
}

@article{pachulia2018young,
  author = {Pachulia, Merab},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {The Financial},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Most young Georgians believe in hell and heaven},
  url = {https://finchannel.com/opinion/74024-most-young-georgians-believe-in-hell-and-heaven},
  year = 2018
}

@article{labeur2019socit,
  author = {Labeur, Jean-Baptiste},
  day = 29,
  journal = {RCF Radio},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  month = {April},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Une étude sur la société française vient bousculer les idées reçues},
  url = {https://rcf.fr/la-matinale/une-etude-sur-la-societe-francaise-vient-bousculer-les-idees-recues },
  year = 2019
}

@article{bocek2018uprchlick,
  author = {Boček, Jan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  day = 16,
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {iROZHLAS},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article other},
  month = {January},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Česko po uprchlické krizi: roste netolerance k cizincům, lidem jiné barvy pleti a jiného vyznání},
  url = {https://www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/nejrychleji-netolerance-roste-v-obcich-do-dvou-tisic-obyvatel-a-mezi-ucni-ve_1801170600_jab},
  year = 2018
}

@techreport{arnorsson2016causes,
  abstract = {We analyse the voting pattern in the June 23rd referendum on the continued participation of the United Kingdom in the European Union and evaluate the reasons for the results. We find that regions where GDP per capita is low, a high proportion of people have low education, a high proportion is over the age of 65 and there is strong net immigration are more likely to be apprehensive of the E.U., consider the enlargement of the E.U. as having gone too far, be suspicious of immigrants and not want them as neighbours and, most importantly, to vote for Brexit. The fear of immigration does not seem to be fully justified in terms of the literature on the labour market effects of immigrants in the UK. Looking at the response of the sterling exchange to poll numbers we find that investors appear to view Brexit as a negative event. },
  author = {Arnorsson, Agust and Zoega, Gylfi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Center for Economic Studies (CES) and the ifo Institute},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  pages = 35,
  series = {CESifo Working Paper No. 6056},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {On the Causes of Brexit},
  year = 2016
}

@techreport{baloban2019vrednote,
  abstract = {U Europi se od 1981. godine kontinuirano, svakih desetak godina, provodi međunarodno istraživanje sustava vrednota te recepcije i primjene vrijednosnih orijentacija pod nazivom European Values Study (EVS). Hrvatska se u taj međunarodni projekt uključila s trećim valom istraživanja 1999. godine preko Katoličkoga bogoslovnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, koji je kao nositelj projekt interdisciplinarno okupio znanstvenike s različitih fakulteta Sveučilišta i znanstvenoistraživačkih instituta. Rezultate dosadašnjih istraživanja, kao i komentare istih, hrvatski su istraživači u posljednjih dvadesetak godina objelodanili u knjigama i časopisima na hrvatskom jeziku, kao i na stranim jezicima. U ovoj knjizi predstavljeni su određeni rezultati petog vala istraživanja u Hrvatskoj (2017./2018.), u komparaciji s trećim (1999.) i četvrtim valom (2008.) tako da se vidi kretanje (ne)prihvaćanja pojedinih vrednota u posljednja dva desetljeća u Hrvatskoj. Vrijednosti koje su istraživane su: obitelj, posao, religija, politika i slobodno vrijeme ; ZAtim solidarnost, pravednosti  socijalna osjetljivost kao i povjerenje u ljude i različite institucije, moral i etika te druge. Studiju su suizdali Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatsko katoličko sveučilište i Kršćanska sadašnjost.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Joseph and Črpić, Gordan and Ježovita, Josip},
  editor = {Cifrak, Mario and Tanjic, Zeljko and Brebric, Stjepan},
  isbn = {978-953-8014-24-6},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  pages = 102,
  school = {Katholische Theologische Fakultät; Kroatisch-Katholische Universität Zagreb},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Vrednote u Hrvatskoj od 1999. do 2018. prema European Values Study (Values in Croatia from 1999 to 2018 according to European Values Study)},
  type = {Studie},
  url = {https://www.bib.irb.hr/981158},
  year = 2019
}

@article{christmann2018economic,
  abstract = {This study tests the links between economic performance, democratic quality and satisfaction with democracy (SWD) at multiple levels. By analysing a time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) dataset of 57 democracies between 1990 and 2014, it finds the two types of performance matter almost equally: countries with good democratic and economic records tend to show higher levels of SWD than countries without them. Over time, an improvement in ‘objective’ democratic and economic conditions is shown to be related to increasing levels of national SWD. The second part of the study reconfirms these relationships at the individual level by analysing survey data from the “Europeans' understandings and evaluations of democracy” special module of the sixth round of the European Social Survey. It shows that respondents' evaluations of the economy and democracy are strongly related to their SWD. Finally, it demonstrates that the effect of objective democratic and economic performances on SWD is mediated by peoples' evaluations of them.},
  author = {Christmann, Pablo},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2018.04.004},
  issn = {0261-3794},
  journal = {Electoral Studies},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {79-89},
  study = {Eurobarometer ; EVS},
  title = {Economic performance, quality of democracy and satisfaction with democracy},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261379417301841},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2018
}

@mastersthesis{kubincova2011rodiovstv,
  abstract = {This bachelor thesis deals with parenting in 21st century, mainly in Czech Republic. The purpose of this thesis is to summarize basic theories, why people want to have children, outline historical and demographic development parenting in Czech Republic and analyze reproduction behaviour of young mothers. And secondary analysis of dates from between 1991 and 1999, which was focused mainly on young parents. An secondary analysis is compared aged categories and their opinions and attitudes to family values. Czech society has changed in chosen years, became very open, democratic and modern. We can also seed differences betweed chosen age categories.},
  author = {Kubincová, Michaela},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11159},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5080 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  pages = 48,
  school = {Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Filozofická fakulta, Katedra sociologie},
  study-id = {EVS/WVS 1981-2004},
  title = {Rodičovství v 21. století [Parenthood in the 21st century]},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/50372/BPTX_2010_2__0_256160_0_91197.pdf?sequence=1},
  year = 2011
}

@article{kurowska2017impact,
  abstract = {Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the puzzle of the disproportionately lower employment rate of mothers of toddlers with relation to the employment rate of mothers of preschool and school-age children in Estonia. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the Most Similar System Design and compares Estonia with Lithuania. The applied methods include inferential statistics and microsimulation techniques, employing the OECD Benefits and Wages Calculator, the OECD Family Support Calculator and EUROMOD – the European tax-benefit microsimulation model. Findings The comparison revealed that the overwhelming majority of the crucial aspects of socio-cultural, economic and institutional conditions were more favourable for maternal employment in Estonia than in Lithuania. This explains the higher maternal employment rates both for mothers of pre-schoolers and school-age children in Estonia. However, one particular element of the institutional context targeted to the mothers of toddlers – the unconditional parental benefit – had an entirely opposite character. This particular feature of the parental leave scheme was the only factor that could explain why the employment rate of mothers of toddlers is disproportionately lower than the employment rate of mothers of older children in Estonia and much lower than the employment of mothers of toddlers in Lithuania. Originality/value This study complements previous research by providing evidence on the relative importance of universal parental benefit schemes in the context of other country-specific conditions for maternal employment, including the availability of institutional childcare. Furthermore, the results presented show that childcare regime typologies, at least those that characterise Eastern European countries, should be more sensitive to children’s age. },
  author = {Kurowska, Anna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1108/IJSSP-08-2015-0085},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-08-2015-0085},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {33-50},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The impact of an unconditional parental benefit on employment of mothers: A comparative study of Estonia and Lithuania},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-08-2015-0085},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{thomassen2015whats,
  address = {London},
  author = {Thomassen, Jacques},
  booktitle = {Citizenship and Democracy in an Era of Crisis. Essays in honour of Jan W. van Deth},
  editor = {Poguntke, Thomas and Rossteutscher, Sigrid and Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger and Zmerli, Sonja},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA480},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {34-52},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {Routledge Research in Comparative Politics},
  study = {Eurobarometer 1973-2012},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {What’s gone wrong with democracy, or with theories explaining why it has? },
  year = 2015
}

@article{takacs2019social,
  abstract = {This study examines social attitudes towards homosexuality in two Central-Eastern European neighbouring countries – Romania and Hungary – with many common points, but that do differ in their religious traditions.  Our main research question is whether the main religious denomination can influence social attitudes towards homosexuality, after controlling for all the important individual level variables (gender, age, education, type of settlement, family status, employment background, and attitudes related to family and gender norms). Among the examined variables we especially focus on the religious ones since the dominant denominations are different in these otherwise similar societies. The empirical base of our study comprises two longitudinal databases: the European Social Survey (ESS) and the European Values Study (EVS). We use data from two ESS rounds (of 2006 and 2008) and three EVS rounds (of 1990, 1999 and 2008). Since Romania participated only in the 3rd and the 4th rounds of the ESS (in 2006 and 2008), the Romanian results from 2008 are the most recent ones. We apply descriptive statistics and regression models. Our main conclusion is that belonging to the Orthodox Church had a more negative effect on social attitudes towards homosexuality than belonging to the Catholic Church (as previous studies have also found).},
  author = {Takács, Judit and Szalma, Ivett},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.17356/ieejsp.v5i1.463},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2416-089X},
  journal = {Intersections. East European Journal of Society and Politics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Social Attitudes towards Homosexuality in Hungary  and Romania},
  url = {https://intersections.tk.mta.hu/index.php/intersections/article/view/463},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2019
}

@article{han2016income,
  abstract = {Using a multilevel analysis method, this article tests different hypotheses for how income inequality affects voter support for radical right-wing parties (RRPs) in Western Europe. Specifically, the article shows how this ‘income inequality effect’ encourages poor people to vote for RRPs, while it concurrently discourages rich people from doing so. This finding supports the social identity hypothesis, which states that social identity (a micro-level factor) intermediates income inequality effect (a macro-level factor) on voter support for RRPs. The article's results suggest, further, that income inequality has different effects between the main supporters of RRPs with dissimilar occupations (e.g., manual workers and the petty bourgeoisie) because they belong to different income groups; and that country-level factors may have different effects on people regarding their support for RRPs.
•Income inequality has different effects on the support for radical right-wing parties between different income groups.•While income inequality encourages the poor to vote for radical right-wing parties, it dissuades rich people from doing so.•Inequality has dissimilar impacts on party support between different key constituencies of radical right-wing parties.},
  author = {Han, Kyung Joon},
  journal = {Electoral Studies},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 6,
  pages = {54-64},
  title = {Income Inequality and Voting for Radical Right-wing Parties},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2016
}

@article{grasso2014period,
  abstract = {This paper presents a method for studying age-period-cohort effects in a comparative context where repeated cross-sectional data are available covering a suitably long period of time. The method consists in the application of multi-level models with country as the higher level of analysis and random coefficients to model variables which vary at the country-level. Additionally, the application of generalized additive models (GAMs) and generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) provides robust empirical tests of cohort categorizations applied in this and previous studies to estimate otherwise collinear effects. To illustrate the method, I derive and test the theory that generations will be differentiated in their patterns of participation based on the ascendancy of certain repertoires in the era of their political socialization. },
  author = {Grasso, Maria T.},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.06.003},
  issn = {0261-3794},
  journal = {Electoral Studies },
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {63-76},
  title = {Age, period and cohort analysis in a comparative context: Political generations and political participation repertoires in Western Europe },
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261379413000838},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2014
}

@article{krause2012atlas,
  abstract = {The European Values Study (EVS) is a large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey research programme on basic human values, initiated in the late 1970s. A product of this research is the Atlas of European Values (AoEV), published by the University of Tilburg in the Netherlands. This publication offers maps and background information about the opinions of the population in 46 European countries. The question was whether these materials have a potential for (geography) education. In a Comenius Project named European Values Education experts from different universities combined their experience in order to answer this question. They developed different map-tools and framework, background information, assignments, strategies, lesson plans and videos on how to deal with the maps and questions of the AoEV in an educational setting. All materials have been trialled in different countries and are available in 7 languages (English, Turkish, Dutch, German, French, Spanish and Slovak). They got a positive response from lecturers, teachers and students and can be used for courses about Europe, culture, citizenship and value-related issues and also meet the high standards of learning. They are available for free on the website www.atlasofeuropeanvalues.eu. This article summarises the basic findings of the European Values Study with respect to the theoretical frame. It discusses the geographical and educational contexts in which the developed materials and tools of the Atlas of European Values website can be used.},
  author = {Krause, Uwe},
  journal = {European Journal of Geography},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {54-71},
  title = {The atlas of European values project: mapping the values of Europeans for educational purposes.},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2012
}

@article{vanhoorn2018happiness,
  abstract = {Estimating heterogeneous happiness or subjective well-being (SWB) functions and making inferences about differences in people's tastes or preferences has some interesting advantages over stated and revealed preferences methods and is growing in popularity. However, evidence on the validity of such SWB-based or “inferred” preferences measures, meaning these measures’ ability to capture what they are supposed to capture, is lacking, widespread evidence on the (construct) validity of SWB indicators themselves notwithstanding. Empirical analysis reveals that differences in preferences inferred from heterogeneity in estimated happiness functions map onto differences in self-reported behavior and attitudes in expected ways, suggesting that SWB-based measures of differences in preferences indeed capture the construct they are supposed to capture. Hence, the conclusion that the happiness approach provides a valid means for making inferences about differences in people's preferences.},
  author = {van Hoorn, André},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2018.02.002},
  issn = {2214-8043},
  journal = {Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {53-65},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Is the happiness approach to measuring preferences valid?},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214804318300594},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{duque2017corrupo,
  abstract = {Uma das consequências da corrupção é a pobreza, à qual está associada a violência e a instabilidade política. A relação entre estas realidades é complexa e, entre elas, existe uma retroação positiva. A partir de uma análise longitudinal dos dados do European Values Survey (EVS), entre 1990 e 2008-2010, apresentam-se algumas ilustrações empíricas, para a situação portuguesa e para a média dos países da União Europeia, relacionando os casos acima mencionados. Conclui-se que Portugal apresenta um nível de capital humano ligeiramente abaixo do nível médio da escala (de 2,8) e abaixo do nível dos demais países da União Europeia, o que demonstra que continua a ser um país submergido em contextos de fragilidade democrática e cívica. Esta realidade é também percetível ao analisar as instituições que representam a estabilidade democrática, já que a maioria dos portugueses coloca estas instituições como as menos credíveis, evidenciando, assim, a falta de segurança nas estruturas democráticas.},
  address = {Porto},
  author = {Duque, Eduardo and Calheiros, António},
  booktitle = {The Overarching Issues of the European Space: Society, Economy and Heritage in a Scenario Towards Greater Territorial Cohesion [GRANDES PROBLEMÁTICAS DO ESPAÇO EUROPEU - Sociedade, Economia e Património num Cenário Tendente a uma Maior Coesão Territorial]},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Pina, Helena and Martins, Felisbela},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro incollection other},
  publisher = {UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO – Faculdade de Letras},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {A corrupção e a falta de segurança nas estruturas democráticas},
  url = {http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/16159.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@article{steckermeier2019better,
  abstract = {The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between culture and social well-being, focusing on inferiority feelings. While being respected is widely seen as a key ingredient of a good life, inferiority feelings signal a lack of esteem from others. Previous research has mainly looked at income inequality as the key contextual condition for inferiority feelings and other status concerns, often inspired by the income inequality thesis/Spirit Level paradigm (Wilkinson and Pickett 2010). We contribute to this discussion by extending this paradigm into the cultural realm. Our main assumption is that an inegalitarian culture breeds inferiority feelings, whereas an egalitarian culture dampens them and in this sense is "better". Within a multi-level framework we combine information on culture, operationalized as collective values and beliefs, retrieved from the European Value Study for 30 European countries, and survey data on inferiority feelings for over 37,000 individuals from the most recent European Quality of Life Survey (2011-12). Our evidence suggests that widespread self-expression values and social trust (as expressions of an egalitarian culture) are indeed better as they dampen individuals' inferiority feelings while widespread individual blame for poverty (an expression of an inegalitarian culture) heightens them. In further analyses of each income quintile separately, we find evidence that culture matters - for good or worse - for all income groups, except the poorest quintiles. Our results should prompt scholars of social status and social well-being to pay more attention to the impact of culture.},
  author = {Steckermeier, Leonie C. and Delhey, Jan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-018-2007-z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1075-1108},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Better for Everyone? Egalitarian Culture and Social Wellbeing in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2007-z},
  volume = 143,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{recker2018applications,
  abstract = {The chapter “Applications of Research Data Management at GESIS Data Archive for the Social Sciences” explores ways in which an archive - i.e. an organization whose work has a strong focus on preservation and dissemination of digital data - can become involved in research data management (RDM). The Data Archive looks back on a long history of working with researchers to make their data re-usable and accessible since 1960. Today it provides support for Research Data Management across the entire data lifecycle by offering a wide range of tools and services tailored to the needs of different types of stakeholders. The chapter gives an overview of selected tools and services offered in the areas of metadata and data documentation, data preparation, data publication, and long-term preservation. To illustrate how support for research data management plays out in different settings, three case studies for typical scenarios are presented: 1) The European Values Survey (EVS), a large international longitudinal survey studying basic human values across Europe. 2) The German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES), a national survey program with a comprehensive approach to gain insights into the German federal elections. 3) A data center in the health sector which decided to make data originally collected to support policy-making available to research. },
  author = {Recker, Jonas and Zenk-Möltgen, Wolfgang and Mauer, Reiner},
  booktitle = {Research Data Management - A European Perspective},
  editor = {Kruse, Filip and Thestrup, Jesper Boserup},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {119-146},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Applications of Research Data Management at GESIS Data Archive for the Social Sciences},
  year = 2018
}

@techreport{wuepper2017culture,
  abstract = {There is a dynamically growing literature on the effects of culture on economic outcomes but few studies have focused on environmental outcomes. We use a very detailed, new dataset on recent success in reducing soil erosion across European regions and find that culture matters. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that regions with a long-term orientation and pro-environmental preferences have recently been more successful in reducing soil erosion. We find that such regions have achieved at least 3% (±1.5%) more erosion mitigation than other regions, and possibly 4.5% (±1.5%). The most important mechanism is the use of cover crops so that the land is covered with vegetation all year round. While a long-term orientation is perhaps less susceptible to change as an intrinsic societal characteristic, we argue that pro-environmental preferences are more sensitive to public policies and might be an effective lever to improve policy outcomes in the agri-environmental domain.},
  author = {Wuepper, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Technische Universität München},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english techreport},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Does Culture Affect Soil Erosion? Empirical Evidence from Europe},
  year = 2017
}

@article{khun2015people,
  abstract = {We investigate the effect of trade restrictions on the perception of well-being. Using combined cross-sectional micro data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey of individuals in 89 countries, we find that citizens of a country with a lower degree of trade restrictions are more satisfied with their lives. The results are also robust across different measures of well-being, different definitions of trade restrictions, different estimation methods, and different sample sizes.},
  author = {Khun, Channary and Lahiri, Sajal and Lim, Sokchea},
  doi = {10.1080/09638199.2014.882389},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2014.882389},
  journal = {The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {132-146},
  title = {Do people really support trade restrictions? Cross-country evidence},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2014.882389},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2015
}

@article{dingler2019parliaments,
  abstract = {Although there are considerably more men than women in most parliaments around the world, we know little about whether male-dominated legislatures neglect women’s policy preferences. Our article addresses this gap by analysing the congruence of policy preferences between women, men and their elected representatives. We endeavour to answer two questions. Are women’s policy preferences underrepresented in modern democracies? If so, which factors explain the size of the gender gaps in policy preference congruence? Comparing 21 European countries, we show that women’s preferences actually tend to be more accurately represented in parliaments than those of men. Moreover, our analyses reveal that this unanticipated finding is not driven by the share of female office-holders, but rather by levels of women’s turnout, which leads us to conclude that who votes is more important than who represents for policy preference congruence.},
  author = {Dingler, Sarah C. and Kroeber, Corinna and Fortin-Rittberger, Jessica},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1080/13501763.2017.1423104},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1423104},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of European Public Policy},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {302-321},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Do parliaments underrepresent women’s policy preferences? Exploring gender equality in policy congruence in 21 European democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1423104},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2019
}

@article{petrou2018victimisation,
  abstract = {We examined the link between victimisation and life satisfaction for 85,301 gay and bisexual individuals across 44 European countries. We expected this negative link to be stronger when the internalised homonegativity of the victim was high (e.g. because the victim is more vulnerable) and weaker when victimisation occurs in countries that express intolerance towards homosexuality (e.g. because in such contexts victims expect victimisation more and they attribute it to their external environment). Additionally, we expected internalised homonegativity to relate negatively to life satisfaction. Multilevel analyses revealed that victimisation (i.e. verbal insults, threats of violence, minor or major physical assaults) and internalised homonegativity were negatively related to life satisfaction. Furthermore, as we expected, the negative link between victimisation and life satisfaction was stronger when high internalised homonegativity was reported (and the interaction effect occurred for verbal insults and major assaults as outcome variables), while it was weaker when there was low national tolerance of homosexuality (and the interaction effect occurred for verbal insults and for minor assaults). Future research and social policy should consider how the consequences of victimisation are dependent on personal as well as national attitudes towards homosexuality. },
  author = {Petrou, Paraskevas and Lemke, Richard},
  doi = {10.1080/13691058.2017.1368710},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1368710},
  journal = {Culture, Health & Sexuality},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {640-657 },
  title = {Victimisation and life satisfaction of gay and bisexual individuals in 44 European countries: the moderating role of country-level and person-level attitudes towards homosexuality},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1368710},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2018
}

@book{hoffmeyerzlotnik2014harmonising,
  abstract = {This book explains harmonisation techniques that can be used in survey research to align national systems of categories and definitions in such a way that comparison is possible across countries and cultures. It provides an introduction to instruments for collecting internationally comparable data of interest to survey researchers. It shows how seven key demographic and socio-economic variables can be harmonised and employed in European comparative surveys. The seven key variables discussed in detail are: education, occupation, income, activity status, private household, ethnicity, and family. These demographic and socio-economic variables are background variables that no survey can do without. They frequently have the greatest explanatory capacity to analyse social structures, and are a mirror image of the way societies are organised nationally. This becomes readily apparent when one attempts, for example, to compare national education systems. Moreover, a comparison of the national definitions of concepts such as "private household" reveals several different historically and culturally shaped underlying concepts. Indeed, some European countries do not even have a word for  "private household". Hence such national definitions and categories cannot simply be translated from one culture to another. They must be harmonised.    ​},
  address = {Dordrecht U.A.},
  author = {Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, Jürgen H.P. and Warner, Uwe},
  doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-7238-0},
  isbn = {978-94-007-7237-3},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 274,
  publisher = {Springer},
  title = {Harmonising Deographic and Socio-economic Variables for Cross-national Comparative Survey Research},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7238-0},
  year = 2014
}

@article{hanitzsch2018caught,
  abstract = {Despite signs of declining press trust in many western countries, we know little about trends in press trust across the world. Based on comparative survey data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Study (EVS), this study looks into national levels of trust in the press and identifies factors that drive differences across societies and individuals as well as over time. Findings indicate that the widely noted decline in media trust is not a universal trend; it is true for only about half of the studied countries, with the United States experiencing the largest and most dramatic drop in trust in the press. Political trust has emerged as key factor for our understanding of trust in the press. We found robust evidence for what we called the trust nexus—the idea that trust in the news media is strongly linked to the way publics look at political institutions. The link between press trust and political trust was considerably stronger in politically polarized societies. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the relation between press trust and political trust is becoming stronger over time. We reason that the strong connection between media and political trust may be driven by a growing public sentiment against elite groups. },
  author = {Hanitzsch, Thomas and Dalen, Arjen Van and Steindl, Nina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/1940161217740695},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217740695},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  journal = {The International Journal of Press/Politics},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {3-23},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Caught in the Nexus: A Comparative and Longitudinal Analysis of Public Trust in the Press},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217740695},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2018
}

@phdthesis{peter2017voluntarily,
  abstract = {This dissertation investigates the gender gap in voluntary association participation in cross-national perspective and gives insights into why women’s voluntary association affiliation is similar to that of men in some countries but falls behind men’s participation in other countries. This dissertation adds to the existing literature by focusing on the antecedents of the gender gap in voluntary association participation. The crucial starting point has been to conceptualize membership in voluntary associations as a multilevel phenomenon affected by individual-level attributes as well as country-level characteristics. Using this perspective makes it possible to investigate cross-national variation in the gender gap in voluntary association participation and to examine how the gender gap is related to composition effects and shaped by country characteristics. Studying the extent of the gender gap in voluntary association participation and identifying its causes may help in understanding women’s position in contemporary societies. By joining a voluntary association the individual actor becomes part of a social network. The social resources embedded in this network may be accessed and mobilized for achieving one’s aims. Therefore, voluntary associations are a relevant factor in structuring social inequality and membership in voluntary associations has ramifications in the status attainment process. If women’s position in different areas of society is — at least partly — influenced by the resources that become available via participation in voluntary associations, then it will be fruitful to study the extent of this gender gap as well as its individual and societal antecedents. Although there is ample evidence from single-country studies of a gender gap in voluntary association participation and a sizeable stock of comparative studies on levels of voluntary association participation as well as cross-national research on gender inequalities in the family, the market and the state, there is a lack of a systematic inquiry of the gender gap in the voluntary sector in comparative perspective. Thus, in order to close this research gap the central research questions pursued in this dissertation are: Is there a gender gap in voluntary association participation in contemporary European countries? Does this gender gap vary across countries? Which individual-level and country-level characteristics as well as mechanisms can explain these cross-national differences? Is the gender gap varying over time? Which factors can explain temporal variation in the gender gap in voluntary association participation? In order to answer these questions, data from the European Social Survey, the European Values Study and the World Values Survey has been analyzed using different quantitative methods including two-level Poisson regression, nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and three-level logistic multilevel models for change. These analyses give insights into the multilevel antecedents of the gender gap in voluntary association participation.},
  author = {Peter, Sascha A.},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {Universität Hamburg},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS1981},
  title = {Voluntarily Disconnected? A Cross-national and Longitudinal Study on Gender Differentials in Voluntary Association Participation
[Freiwillig unverbunden? Eine international vergleichende und längsschnittliche Untersuchung zu den Geschlechterunterschieden in der Partizipation in Freiwilligenassoziationen]},
  url = {http://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2017/8306/},
  year = 2017
}

@book{moore2016divorce,
  abstract = {This book focuses on parental commitment to family life after divorce, in contrast to its common perception as an irrevocable breaking up of the family unit, which is often perpetuated by representations from popular culture and the media. In the first detailed review of emotions and emotion work undertaken by divorced parents, the author sheds light on how parents manage feelings of guilt, fear, on-going anger and everyday unhappiness in the course of family life post-divorce. Moore demonstrates how the emotional dimension of divorce is shaped by societal and structural factors and requires parents to undertake considerable emotion work in the creation of new moral identities. The book points to the often gendered responsibilities for sustaining family lives post separation, and how these reflect extensive inequalities in family practices.  The author concludes that divorce is not dangerous for society; it is not a social evil or a demonstration of the rise of selfish individualism, and that divorcees remain committed to former partners and children long after divorce.  This book will be of interest to scholars and students in the areas of Sociology, Psychology, Family Studies, Social Policy, Social Work and Law.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Moore, Elena},
  doi = {10.1057/978-1-137-43822-5},
  isbn = {978-1-137-43822-5},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 274,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Family and Intimate Life},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Divorce, Families and Emotion Work - 'Only Death Will Make Us Part'},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43822-5},
  year = 2016
}

@article{pessin2018navigating,
  abstract = {Gender attitudes toward women’s employment are of particular importance because they positively inﬂuence gender-equal outcomes in the labor market. Our understanding of the mechanisms that promote egalitarian gender attitudes among immigrants, however, remains limited. By studying ﬁrst- and second-generation immigrants from multiple origins and living in different countries, this article seeks to explain under what conditions the prevalent cultural attitudes toward gender roles at the origin and destination inﬂuence immigrants’ gender attitudes. We address three main research questions. First, does the country-of-origin gender ideology inﬂuence immigrants’ views toward working women? Second, does the country-of-destination gender ideology inﬂuence immigrants’ views toward working women? And third, are these relationships moderated by (1) the immigrant generation; (2) the age at arrival in the country of destination; (3) the length of residence at the destination? Using data from the European Social Survey, we model immigrants’ gender attitudes toward working women by using linear cross-classiﬁed models to account for clustering into the country of origin and destination. The results highlight the importance of the context of early socialization in shaping immigrants’ gender attitudes. First-generation immigrants, and more speciﬁcally adult migrants, hold gender attitudes that reﬂect more strongly the country of origin’s gender culture. In contrast, the positive association between gender ideology at destination and immigrants’ gender attitudes is stronger among second-generation immigrants and child migrants. We add to the literature on gender ideology formation by analyzing the inﬂuence of gender ideology at the origin and destination levels on the gender attitudes of immigrants from 96 countries of origin and residing across 32 countries of destination.},
  author = {Pessin, Léa and Arpino, Bruno},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.35},
  eprint = {https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol38/35/38-35.pdf},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 35,
  pages = {967-1016},
  study = {WVS/EVS},
  title = {Navigating between two cultures: Immigrants' gender attitudes toward working women},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.35},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2018
}

@article{friesl2010anderen,
  abstract = {Unter Bezugnahme auf die Daten der »Europäischen Wertestudie – Österreichteil« (1990, 1999, 2008) und unter Berücksichtigung der Solidaritätsstudie 1994 sowie der Umfrage »Lifestyle 2009– Migration« fragt der Beitrag nach Vorkommen und Ausformung der Fremdenfeindlichkeit in Österreich während der vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnte. Sowohl fremdenfeindliche Einstellungen als auch die allgemeinen Abgrenzungstendenzen der ÖsterreicherInnen haben zum Teil stark zugenommen. Bildung und Alter, Freiheitsskepsis, moralischer Rigorismus, Autoritarismus, »politische Anomie« und individuell-materialistische Grundhaltung erweisen sich dabei als einflussreiche Faktoren. Zunehmend hängt auch der Nationalstolz mit ethnisch begründeten Ausschlusstendenzen zusammen. Diese Ergebnisse sümierend wird die »Traditionalismus-Hypothese« als eine mögliche Erklärung für die steigende Fremdenfeindlichkeit vorgeschlagen.},
  author = {Friesl, Christian and Renner, Katharina and Wieser, Renate},
  journal = {SWS-Rundschau},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 1,
  pages = {6-32},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {„Wir“ und „die Anderen“ – Einstellungen zu „Fremden“ und „Fremdenfeindlichkeit“ in Österreich},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2010
}

@article{beauregard2017quotas,
  abstract = { This paper proposes to investigate the influence of legislative quotas on gender differences in political participation by analyzing the within- and across-country effects of quotas. Gender quotas can signal to women that their presence in politics is welcome, leading to a subsequent increase in their involvement in political activities. This change in political behavior should not be reproduced in men; thus, when gender quotas are present, the gap between men’s and women’s participation narrows. Using the European Values Survey and data from eighteen European democracies, this paper demonstrates that this indeed occurs for some political activities when gender gaps are compared before and after the introduction of quotas within countries. This result, however, is not replicated for across-country analyses. European countries without legislative gender quotas tend to have smaller gender gaps than countries with them. This result is explained by referring to the context of the adoption of gender quotas. },
  author = {Beauregard, Katrine},
  doi = {10.1177/1065912917710116},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912917710116},
  journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Quotas and Gender Gaps in Political Participation among Established Industrial European Democracies: Distinguishing Within- and Across-Country Effects},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912917710116},
  year = 2017
}

@article{shorrocks2018cohort,
  abstract = {This article finds firmer evidence than has previously been presented that men are more left-wing than women in older birth cohorts, while women are more left-wing than men in younger cohorts. Analysis of the European Values Study/World Values Survey provides the first systematic test of how processes of modernization and social change have led to this phenomenon. In older cohorts, women are more right-wing primarily because of their greater religiosity and the high salience of religiosity for left-right self-placement and vote choice in older cohorts. In younger, more secular, cohorts, women’s greater support for economic equality and state intervention and, to a lesser extent, for liberal values makes them more left-wing than men. Because the gender gap varies in this way between cohorts, research focusing on the aggregate-level gap between all men and all women underestimates gender differences in left-right self-placement and vote choice. },
  author = {Shorrocks, Rosalind},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.1005},
  doi = {10.1177/0032329217751688},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329217751688},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Politics & Society},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {135-175},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cohort Change in Political Gender Gaps in Europe and Canada: The Role of Modernization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329217751688},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2018
}

@article{palmisano2017donne,
  abstract = {The gender aspect has been largely ignored in analyses of secularisation processes, although the latter subject has been widely debated by sociologists of religion. Italy is no exception : whereas the little research done into the topic from a diachronic perspective has generally focussed on the population as a whole, the studies analysing men’s and women’s religiosity separately have been characterized by a synchronic approach. This is why we know little or nothing about the secularisation process among women in Italy. This article aims at illing in the gap by presenting an initial analysis of female religious change over three decades from the various dimensions constituting the concept of religiosity. The 4 waves of European Values Study supply the fundamental data used. The analyses show that in the period under investigation female secularisation did not increase, which inding is here interpreted in the light of speciic theoretical perspectives on female secularisation applied to the Italian context},
  author = {Palmisano, Stefania and Todesco, Lorenzo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.19272/201731302003},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {0394-9397},
  journal = {Religioni e società},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 88,
  pages = {31-48},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Donne di poca fede? Uno sguardo diacronico sulla secolarizzazione femminile in Italia},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.19272/201731302003},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2017
}

@article{kelley2017income,
  abstract = {Based on earlier, mainly aggregate analyses, conventional wisdom previously held that income inequality reduces happiness. But aggregate models consistently yield misleading results in this domain, substantially because of intractable problems of sample size, confounding omitted variables, and conditional effects differing between poor developing nations, rich advanced nations, and nations in transition from Communism. Based on more recent evidence, scholarly views are beginning to merge on a consensus that national income inequality is irrelevant to individuals' subjective well-being in advanced nations and normal times, as shown by multi-level models with appropriate controls (including socioeconomic development, an engine of happiness and foe of inequality). For developing nations, consensus is not as strong, but the bulk of the evidence indicates a neutral to positive effect for inequality. Building on this foundation, this paper provides exploratory analyses to stimulate future research, extending our understanding of the social psychological and cultural forces that generate these results; dissects changes over time and expectations for the future; and addresses the possibility that inequality may reduce well-being in extraordinary circumstances and for particular groups – for example creating differences in formerly Communist nations between the political left and the right, and between older and younger cohorts. },
  author = {Kelley, Jonathan and Evans, M.D.R.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.12.007},
  issn = {0049-089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research },
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {39-74},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The new income inequality and well-being paradigm: Inequality has no effect on happiness in rich nations and normal times, varied effects in extraordinary circumstances, increases happiness in poor nations, and interacts with individuals' perceptions, attitudes, politics, and expectations for the future },
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X16308377},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2017
}

@article{dhoore2019social,
  abstract = {A classic claim in social mobility effects research holds that social mobility is a disruptive and harmful experience. It has been suggested that the experience of social mobility is less disruptive when mobility at the national level is high, because this increases the social and cultural heterogeneity of social classes, which may facilitate the adaptation to the social class of destination. In this article we empirically test the tenability of this claim for social class mobility and life satisfaction. Using Diagonal Reference Models on data for 44 European countries from the 2008 European Values Study, we find evidence for processes of acculturation: the life satisfaction of socially mobile individuals is associated with the class of origin and destination. There is no evidence for effects of social mobility over and above those of social class position of origin and destination. Interestingly, in contrast to suggestions from the literature, national upward or downward mobility rates do not moderate the effect of social mobility on life satisfaction. This study suggests that class heterogeneity does not influence the difficulty of the adaptation to the social class of destination.},
  author = {Dhoore, Jasper and Daenekindt, Stijn and Roose, Henk},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-019-02083-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1257-1272},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Social Mobility and Life Satisfaction across European Countries: A Compositional Perspective on Dissociative Consequences of Social Mobility},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02083-2},
  volume = 144,
  year = 2019
}

@article{brechon2015random,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  journal = {Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 1,
  pages = {67-83},
  title = {Random Sample, Quota Sample: The Teachings of the EVS 2008 Survey in France},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01503224},
  volume = 126,
  year = 2015
}

@article{voicu2011sociability,
  abstract = {Most of the existing literature on the relationship between social capital and the welfare state concentrates on how welfare state arrangements influence different forms of social capital, typically examining how institutional structures shape or erode existing social resources. In contrast, this paper adopts a different perspective by analysing the effects of four indicators of social capital on general attitudes toward the welfare state. Employing multilevel models, the study demonstrates that less formalised forms of social capital are negatively associated with support for an expansive welfare state, whereas more formalised forms show a positive relationship. Taking into account established discussions in the literature regarding the interplay between welfare culture and the structure of the welfare state, the findings suggest a reciprocal relationship: institutional arrangements not only shape social capital but are themselves also shaped by it.},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan and Voicu, Malina},
  journal = {Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 33,
  pages = {72-90},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {How sociability and trust impact on welfare attitudes: a crosseuropean analysis},
  year = 2011
}

@phdthesis{dobewall2013human,
  abstract = {Values are beliefs that guide and justify people’s actions, while also reflecting cultural ideals and a shared understanding of what is right and wrong, good or bad in a society. Aim of this thesis is to find out whether and to what extent two widely used value theories – those of Shalom Schwartz and Ronald Inglehart – overlap and to identify their unique features (Studies I and II). Subjective well-being is another important concept used in this dissertation. It refers to people's evaluations of their happiness and satisfaction with their life. The thesis aims to distinguish age, birth cohort, and period effects in changes of life satisfaction (Study III), in order to explain cultural differences in change across the life-span. I also assess the convergence between self- and other-ratings of subjective well-being (Study IV) and personal values (Study V), both examined in relation to personality traits. The main results of the thesis and the conclusions are as follows: • The value theories proposed by Shalom Schwartz and Ronald Inglehart share one dimension, which seems to coincide with what is best known as the opposition between individualism and collectivism (Study I). An analysis of the joint structure of Schwartz’s and Inglehart’s items (Study II) showed that in order to be autonomous, individuals need to have both self-expressive and secular-rational values, whereas being embedded means endorsing both traditional and survival values. I also found unique content of both Schwartz’s and Inglehart’s values not captured by the other respective theory, suggesting that researchers should continue to use them both. • Are there cross-cultural differences in life-span trajectories of life satisfaction? I found in Finland and Sweden that age does not seem to matter much for how satisfied people are. The relationship between age and life satisfaction in Estonia and Latvia was best described as curvilinear, with life satisfaction reaching its lowest level at around 51–60 years of age, then remaining at the same level (Latvia) or slightly increasing again (Estonia). At the same time, younger people were remarkably more satisfied than older people (Study III). The observed age differences in life satisfaction in the two Baltic countries seem to be best attributed to an interaction of cohort and period effects. Thus, a universal life satisfaction age trajectory may not exist; the relationship between age and life satisfaction is likely to vary along with important cultural, political, and socioeconomic factors. • Study IV reported a strong self-other agreement in subjective well-being (SWB). Self- and other-rated personality facet scores (N3: Depression and E6: Positive Emotions) were found to partially mediate the agreement between self- and other-rated SWB. The findings suggest that, when making judgments about someone’ happiness or life satisfaction, observers indeed rely on the personality traits of this person. Moreover, I found that self-reported SWB reflects, to some extent, what other people think about this person’s personality. • Finally, Study V compared the self-other agreement in personal values versus the Big Five personality traits. When corrected for attenuation due to measurement error, self-other agreement in both the higher-order values and more narrowly defined value factors was substantial and similar to that for the Big Five personality traits. The results of Study V suggest that people can judge others’ values with some accuracy and therefore other-ratings of personal values can be used to validate and complement self-report value measures.},
  author = {Dobewall, Henrik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {Universitas Tartuensis},
  series = {Dissertationes Psychologicae Universitatis Tartuensis 38},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Human values and subjective well-being: An exploration of individual and cultural differences, change across life span, and self-other agreement},
  year = 2013
}

@article{munzkonig2013armutsgefhrdungsquote,
  abstract = {Zur Messung monetärer Armut bietet die amtliche Sozialberichterstattung zwei Indikatoren an: die Armutsgefährdungsquote und die Mindestsicherungsquote. Diese beziehen sich auf unterschiedliche Sachverhalte und können durchaus unterschiedliche Entwicklungen aufzeigen. Während der Anteil derer, die Mindestsicherungsleistungen beziehen, von 2007 bis 2011 gesunken ist, weist die Armutsgefährdungsquote im selben Zeitraum eine steigende Tendenz aus. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, welche Überschneidungen es zwischen dem Personenkreis der Einkommensarmen und dem Kreis der Personen mit Bezug von Mindestsicherungsleistungen gibt. Der Mikrozensus ist eine geeignete Datenbasis, um dieser Fragestellung nachzugehen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass immer mehr Personen mit Bezug von Mindestsicherungsleistungen zugleich von relativer Einkommensarmut betroffen sind. The ‘at Risk of Poverty’ Rate and the Rate of Recipients of Minimum Social Security Benefits: Two Indicators to Measure Monetary Poverty German official statistics offer two indicators to measure monetary poverty: the ‘at risk of poverty’ rate and the rate of recipients of minimum social security benefits. These two indicators reflect different approaches to measuring monetary living conditions and do not necessarily show the same trends. Between 2007 and 2011 the rate of people receiving minimum social security benefits decreased; by contrast, during the same period, the ‘at risk of poverty’ rate showed an upward trend. Against this backdrop, the question arises to what extent the group of people being at risk of poverty and the group of people receiving minimum social security benefits overlap. The Mikrozensus, an official household survey, is an appropriate dataset to analyse this issue. This paper shows that the number of people to whom both poverty indicators apply – receiving minimum social security benefits and being at risk of poverty – is increasing.},
  author = {Munz-König, Eva},
  doi = {10.3790/sfo.62.5.123},
  isbn = {1865-5386},
  journal = {Sozialer Fortschritt},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 5,
  pages = {123-131},
  title = {Armutsgefährdungsquote und Mindestsicherungsquote: Zwei Indikatoren zur Messung monetärer Armut},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/sfo.62.5.123},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2013
}

@article{nn2018studie,
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {religion.orf.at},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Studie: Mehrheit in Österreich glaubt an Gott},
  url = {https://religion.orf.at/stories/2946119/},
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{berg2017territorial,
  author = {Berg, Linda},
  booktitle = {Cultural Borders of Europe: Narratives, Concepts and Practices in the Present and the Past },
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  editor = {Andrén, Mats and Lindkvist, Thomas and Söhrman, Ingmar and Vajta, Katharina},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3910 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {19-39},
  series = {Series: Making Sense of History: Studies in Historical Cultures, volume 30},
  study-id = {ISSP2003 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Territorial and Religious Identifications in Europe},
  year = 2017
}

@techreport{lancee2017cultural,
  abstract = {We conducted a cross-national harmonized field experiment on ethnic discrimination on the labour market in Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom. In all five countries we sent job applications from fictitious job candidates to real job openings. The fictitious job candidates were either natives or had an immigrant background in one out of 52 different countries of origin. In all countries, we find clear differences in the call-back rates of the majority population and minority applicants, confirming that minority applicants are discriminated against in the hiring process. In addition, our results point to large differences in the extent of discrimination between minority applicants from different countries of origin. Drawing on previous research that relates ethnic hierarchies in social distance to differences in cultural values, we investigate whether the level of cultural distance between immigrant groups and the native population helps to explain ethnic hierarchies in hiring discrimination. Our results confirm the expected relationship by trend. The stronger an immigrant’s country deviates from the receiving society with regard to secular and emancipative values or shares of Muslim population, the lower the likelihood that employers signal interest in minority candidates’ application for a job.},
  author = {Lancee, Bram and Soiné, Hannah and Fernández Reino, Mariña and Veit, Susanne},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  institution = {GEMM Project},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english techreport},
  pages = 37,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cultural distance and ethnic discrimination in hiring behaviour. Results from a cross-national field experiment},
  url = {http://gemm2020.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Report-on-Cultural-distance-and-ethnic-discrimination-in-hiring-behavior_v2.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{hudson2015exploring,
  address = {London},
  author = {Hudson, John and Jo, Nam Kyoung and Keung, Antonia},
  booktitle = {Culture and the Politics of Welfare: Exploring Societal Values and Social Choices},
  doi = {10.1057/9781137457493_2},
  isbn = {978-1-137-45749-3},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {5-23},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},
  title = {Exploring the Cultural Context of Welfare Policy Making},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137457493_2},
  year = 2015
}

@article{zajkowska2017selfemployment,
  abstract = {There is a broad discussion in the literature if self-employment is a solution allowing women to reconcile their work and family life. Nevertheless there is still very little empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis for different countries and institutional frameworks and the results are mixed. One of the reasons may be the lack of sufficient data containing questions on self-employment, entrepreneurship, innovations, firm performance and simultaneously questions fertility intentions and decisions. The article compares properties of several European representative surveys and discusses potential methodological issues.},
  author = {Zajkowska, Olga},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11137 ; 10.4232/1.11645 ; 10.4232/1.11847 ; 10.4232/1.11851 ; 10.4232/1.12006 ; 10.4232/1.12251 ; 10.4232/1.12340 ; 10.4232/1.12250 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.11648 ; 10.4232/1.12661},
  doi = {10.4467/20843968ZP.16.015.7230},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5900 ; ZA4350 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4976 ; ZA5526 ; ZA5565 ; ZA5564 ; ZA5566 ; ZA5932 ; ZA5964 ; ZA5929},
  journal = {Zarzadzanie Publiczne (Public Management)},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 38,
  pages = {177-189},
  study-id = {EB72.2 ; EB75.1 ; EB76.1 ; EB75.4 ; EB76.2 ; EB82.3 ; EB83.1 ; EB81.5 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP2005 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Self-employment and Motherhood – What Can We Infer from the Survey Data?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843968ZP.16.015.7230},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{dulmer2011multilevel,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Dülmer, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Cross Cultural Analysis. Methods and Applications},
  editor = {Davidov, Eldad and Schmidt, Peter and Billiet, Jaak},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {311-340},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {A Multilevel Regression Analysis on Work Ethic},
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{pickel2014religises,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Pickel, Gert and Jaeckel, Yvonne and Götze, Claudia and Gladkich, Anja},
  booktitle = {Zwischen Säkularisierung und religiöser Vitalisierung: Religiosität in Deutschland und Polen im Vergleich},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-04663-7_19},
  editor = {Hainz, Michael and Pickel, Gert and Pollack, Detlef and Libiszowska-{\.{Z}}{\'o}{\l}tkowska, Maria and Firlit, El{\.{z}}bieta},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3798 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-658-04663-7},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {199-216},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  study = {EVS1990},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Religiöses Sozialkapital in Deutschland und Polen},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04663-7_19},
  year = 2014
}

@phdthesis{macintyre2015empirical,
  address = {Brisbaine},
  author = {Macintyre, Alison},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  school = {Queensland University of Technology},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {An empirical examination of the consequences of national pride: Analyses of survey and experimental data},
  volume = {PhD},
  year = 2015
}

@techreport{diabate2014mtter,
  abstract = {Was ist eigentlich heutzutage eine "gute" Mutter? Die Assoziationen sind facettenreich und bewegen sich zwischen Mythos und Alltag. Mütter sollen beispielsweise fürsorglich sowie aufopferungsvoll sein und für ihre Kinder die eigene Berufstätigkeit aufgeben. Mutterleitbilder haben eine lange Tradition, sie sind historisch gewachsen und in allen Kulturen mit besonderen Eigenschaften verbunden.},
  author = {Diabaté, Sabine},
  institution = {Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro german techreport},
  title = {Mütter heute: Leitbilder, Lebensrealitäten und Wünsche},
  url = {http://www.bpb.de/politik/innenpolitik/familienpolitik/191689/muetter-heute?p=all},
  year = 2014
}

@article{pavlovic2018ispitivanje,
  abstract = {The  paper  examines  applicability  of  Inglehart’s  model  of  dimensions  of  traditional/secular-rational  values  and  survival/self  expresion  values,  based  on   European  Values  Study  data,  conducted  in  Serbia  in  2008.  Dimensions  of  values are  extracted  by  applying  nonlinear  principal  component  analysis,  with  asigning ordinal  level  of  analysis.  We  present  three-dimensional  solution  which  separates dimension  of  survival/self  expresion  values  into  two  dimensions.  The  deviations from  the  two-dimensional  model  were  interpreted  in accordance with  the  theory of  revised  modernization  and  thesis  about  value  change in dependance  of  sociocultural paths of developement of society.},
  author = {Pavlović, Nina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.2298/SOC1802481P},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologija},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {481-496},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Ispitivanje Struktura Dimenzija Tradicionalnih/Sekularno-Racionalnih Vrednosti I Vrednosti Prezivljavanja/Samoekspresije U Modelu Ronalda Inglharta: Slucaj Srbije [Examination of the Structure of the Traditional/Secular-Rational and Survival/Self-expression Value Dimensions  in the Model of Ronald Inglehart: the Case of Serbia]},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC1802481P},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{lomazzi2017margini,
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera},
  booktitle = {Una generazione in panchina, da Neet a risorsa per il paese},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-88-343-3324-2},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {132-142},
  publisher = {Vita E Pensiero},
  series = {Quaderni Rapporto Giovani n.6},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Ai margini della partecipazione. Giovani NEET e (in)attivismo politico in Europa},
  url = {http://www.rapportogiovani.it/new/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/978-88-343-3324-2.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@article{prag2017educational,
  abstract = {The US shows a distinct health disadvantage when compared to other high-income nations. A potential lever to reduce this disadvantage is to improve the health situation of lower socioeconomic groups. Our objective is to explore how the considerable within-US variation in health inequalities compares to the health inequalities across other Western countries.},
  author = {Präg, Patrick and Subramanian, S. V.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/s00038-017-0981-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1661-8564},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Health},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-8},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Educational inequalities in self-rated health across US states and European countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-0981-6},
  year = 2017
}

@article{nn2018religion,
  abstract = {Zwei Drittel der Österreicher bezeichnen sich als religiös. Von den Religionsgemeinschaften entfernen sie sich aber immer mehr. Das ergab die "Europäische Wertestudie".},
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Die Presse},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religion entkoppelt sich von Religionsgemeinschaften},
  url = {https://diepresse.com/home/panorama/religion/5524419/Religion-entkoppelt-sich-von-Religionsgemeinschaften},
  year = 2018
}

@article{gonthier2014droitisation,
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric},
  journal = {La Revue du projet},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 35,
  title = {La droitisation des valeurs: une illusion d’optique?},
  url = {http://projet.pcf.fr/51679},
  year = 2014
}

@article{nn2018wunsch,
  abstract = {Die Österreicherinnen und Österreicher haben von der Politik ein positiveres Bild als noch vor zehn Jahren, die Demokratie genießt höchste Zustimmungsraten, ein "starker Führer" wird mehr denn je abgelehnt. Das sind die ersten Ergebnisse der neuen "Europäischen Wertestudie", die von der Universität Wien erhoben wurden.},
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {News},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Wunsch nach "starkem Führer" gesunken},
  url = {https://www.news.at/a/wertestudie--zufriedenheit-mit-demokratie-und-politik-gestiegen-10425254#},
  year = 2018
}

@article{doring2019party,
  abstract = {Here, we present Party Facts (www.partyfacts.org), a modern online database of political parties worldwide. With this project, we provide a comprehensive database of political parties across time and world regions, link party information from some of the core social science data sets, and offer a platform to link political parties across data sets. An initial list of 4000 core parties in 212 countries is mainly based on four major data sets. The core parties in Party Facts are linked with party information from some of the key social science data sets, currently 26. From these data sets, we have included and linked about 15,000 party observations. Party Facts is an important step in developing a more coherent operationalization of political parties across time and space and a gateway to existing data sets on political parties. It allows answering innovative party research questions that require the combination of multiple data sets. },
  author = {Döring, Holger and Regel, Sven},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/1354068818820671},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Party Politics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Party Facts: A database of political parties worldwide},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068818820671},
  year = 2019
}

@article{reiermann2019farvel,
  abstract = {Efter et tiår med økonomisk krise og gennemgribende velfærdsreformer ønsker stadigt flere danskere – på tværs af alle befolkningsgrupper – mere økonomisk lighed. Danskerne interesserer sig også mere for hinandens levevilkår. Det viser en omfattende undersøgelse af danskernes værdier.},
  author = {Reiermann, Jens},
  day = 17,
  journal = {mandag morgen},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  month = {June},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Farvel til 00'ernes individualisme: Flere danskere vil have mere økonomisk lighed},
  url = {https://www.mm.dk/artikel/farvel-til-00ernes-individualisme-danskerne-vil-have-mere-oekonomisk-lighed},
  year = 2019
}

@article{kageyama2016financial,
  abstract = {Comparing the financial burden of having children across countries accompanies various types of measurement issues. The present study employs financial satisfaction to overcome the measurement issues and examines how the financial burden of having children differs across development stages. The challenge in this approach lies in detecting the impact of having children on financial satisfaction. To address this challenge, we focus our attention on the peculiar movement of satisfaction in the financial domain of life, which is measured by standardizing financial satisfaction by overall life satisfaction, and perform regression analyses using World and European Integrated Values Survey. The results show that the negative impact of having an additional child on satisfaction becomes particularly greater in the financial domain as income increases and total fertility rate (TFR) decreases. The results also indicate that having children offers a sense of financial security to the elderly in high TFR countries while this is not the case in lower TFR countries. These results support the general idea that the heavier financial burden of having children is a major cause of fertility decline and provide policy implications to find a way out of extremely low fertility.},
  author = {Kageyama, Junji and Matsuura, Tsukasa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-016-9799-9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1573-7780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-26},
  study = {WVS2009},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Financial Burden of Having Children and Fertility Differentials Across Development and Life Stages: Evidence from Satisfaction Data},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9799-9},
  year = 2016
}

@article{voicu2016dynamics,
  abstract = {Our paper starts by portraying our views on social change and on the role that value change plays in the mix of social change. Then, we explain the selection of the four domains – attitudes towards welfare state, attitudes towards democracy, the participative culture, and gender beliefs – and what we expect to see in a post-communist society. We do not intend to explore the four domains in-depth. However, the findings are important per se and provide a unique standpoint in the existing literature as they reveal some new aspects of the transitional period in Romania and generally in Central and Eastern Europe.},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan and Telegdy, Balázs},
  journal = {Acta Univ. Sapientiae, Social Analysis},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {7-30},
  title = {Dynamics of Social Values: 1990–2012},
  url = {http://www.acta.sapientia.ro/acta-social/C6-1/social61-02.pdf},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2016
}

@article{dizikes2019public,
  abstract = {A new study on European public opinion, co-authored by an MIT political scientist, aggregates public opinion polls from 27 countries over a span of 36 years, creating new insight into broad trends and changes in European politics and society.},
  author = {Dizikes, Peter},
  journal = {MIT News Office},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  title = {Public opinion study in Europe shows drop in anti-immigration sentiment, among other changes},
  url = {http://news.mit.edu/2019/europe-anti-immigration-drop-0517},
  year = 2019
}

@book{luijkx2016european,
  abstract = {This volume presents the beliefs and values of people in European countries and the trends that appeared at turn of the century. Based on survey data from the 1981, 1990, 1999, and 2008 values studies in Europe, trends in human values are examined concerning important life domains such as religion and morality, primary relations and family life, work and leisure time, society and political culture. It shows the cultural varieties and similarities in value profiles of the Europeans at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Luijkx, Ruud and Halman, Loek and Sieben, Inge and Brislinger, Evelyn and Quandt, Markus},
  isbn = {9789004328433},
  issn = {1568-5926},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 300,
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {European Values Studies, 16},
  title = {European Values in Numbers. Trends and Traditions at the Turn of the Century},
  year = 2016
}

@article{pavlovic2015individual,
  abstract = {This paper is aimed at analysing the level of postmaterialist values in Eastern European countries as well as the main individual and country level predictors of the postmaterialist value preference. The data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Survey (EVS), conducted on the nationally representative samples in the period from 1990 to 2008, were used. The main analysis was performed on the data from the fourth wave of EVS (2008/2010), on the total of twenty countries and 30,393 respondents. A number of individual (age, education, income level, size of town, economic hardship in formative years) as well as country level variables (inflation and unemployment rate, Human Development Index and GINI index values) were used. The results have shown that the level of postmaterialist values in Eastern Europe, measured by the standard four-item index, is relatively low and relatively stable in the period 1990–2008. Younger, urban and more educated respondents as well as the citizens from more developed and economically stable Eastern European nations are more inclined towards postmaterialism. The significance of the current socio-economic conditions for the variation in postmaterialism as well as the insignificance of economic security during the formative period of political maturation calls into question the assumptions of Inglehart’s original model. The possible alternative mechanisms of value change as well as of the (post)materialist conception are discussed.    },
  author = {Pavlović, Zoran Pavlović},
  issn = {2285–4916},
  journal = {European Quarterly of Political Attitudes and Mentalities},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-11},
  title = {Individual and Country Level Determinants of (Post)Materialist Values in Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://sites.google.com/a/fspub.unibuc.ro/european-quarterly-of-political-attitudes-and-mentalities},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{kiss2018churches,
  abstract = {This chapter deals with another important segment of the Hungarian institutional network, the churches. It provides statistics about the religious distribution of the Hungarian community and the frequency of various religious practices, discusses the institutional network operated by the Hungarian churches and some of the most important religious movements. In Romania, and among Transylvanian Hungarians too, ecclesiastical religiosity is very high in a European comparison, and churches play a relatively important role in society. Also, in Transylvania the religious and ethnic cleavage reinforce each other. The institutions and organizations operated by the Hungarian churches---especially in the domain of education, social and health care---are constituent parts of the institutional network that sustains ethnic parallelism, and as such, are important tools of community building.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Kiss, Dénes},
  booktitle = {Unequal Accommodation of Minority Rights: Hungarians in Transylvania},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-78893-7_7},
  editor = {Kiss, Tamás and Székely, István Gergő and Toró, Tibor and Bárdi, Nándor and Horváth, István},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-319-78893-7},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {293-316},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Churches and Religious Life},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78893-7_7},
  year = 2018
}

@book{ackermann2018stealth,
  abstract = {Maya Ackermann widmet sich erstmalig der Frage, wie viel Demokratie die Schweizerinnen und Schweizer wollen. Das Buch stellt damit eine Reaktion auf die zeitgenössische und provokante These einer Politologin und eines Politologen aus den Vereinigten Staaten dar. John R. Hibbing und Elizabeth Theiss-Morse behaupten in ihrer populären Studie Stealth Democracy, dass viele Menschen nur minimale politische Beteiligungsrechte einfordern würden und generell nichts mit Politik zu tun haben möchten. Die Autorin überträgt dieses Konzept auf die Schweiz und somit auf ein Land, das sich durch weitreichende politische Mitbestimmungsrechte auszeichnet. Die empirischen Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass die Schweizerinnen und Schweizer mit den vorherrschenden direktdemokratischen Institutionen und Strukturen mehrheitlich zufrieden sind und eine Stealth Democracy tendenziell eher ablehnen.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Ackermann, Maya},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-658-22238-3},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 310,
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Stealth Democracy in der Schweiz},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22239-0},
  year = 2018
}

@inproceedings{sa2016morale,
  abstract = {The reasons that explain different behaviors towards tax obligations in similar countries are not completely understood yet. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and compare the factors that influence tax morale levels in Portugal and Spain. We use data from European Values Study (EVS). Using a sample of 2,652 individuals, a factor analysis was used to extract the underlying dimensions of tax morale of Portuguese and Spanish taxpayers. Based on a factor analysis, the results of this paper show that sociological and behavioral factors, psychological factors and political factors are important for a good understanding of taxpayers’ behavior in Iberian Peninsula. This paper added value relies on the analyses of a wide range of variables and on the comparison between Portugal and Spain. Our conclusions provided insights that tax authorities and politicians can use to better focus their strategies and actions in order to increase compliance, reduce tax evasion, fight underground economy and increase country´s competitiveness.},
  author = {Sá, Cristina and Gomes, Carlos and Martins, António},
  booktitle = {ICBFEM 2016: International Conference on Business, Finance, Economics and Management, Paris, France, Dec 29-30,  2016)},
  issn = {2010-376X},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  organization = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
  title = {Tax Morale Dimensions Analysis in Portugal and Spain},
  url = {http://waset.org/abstracts/53221},
  year = 2016
}

@phdthesis{hagen2016attitudes,
  abstract = {Because attitudes toward marriage impact the lives of many members of society, it is important to understand what those attitudes are and what predicts such attitudes in order to inform future research and marriage advocacy. Furthermore, to design studies to examine attitudes toward marriage, it is important to have an understanding of the power of previous studies. Towards those goals, this study attempted to answer two questions: a) To what extent do attitudes of Albanians toward marriage parallel theorized typologies of attitudes? b) What predicts membership in attitudinal groups? To answer these questions, this study examined attitudes toward marriage among Albanians using data from the 2008 European Values Study. It tested the hypothesis that institutional, companionate, and individualistic attitudes toward marriage documented in literature from Europe and North America would emerge in the data from Albania, alongside a hypothesized fourth “façade” attitudinal grouping. It further tested the hypothesis that lower educational attainment, higher religiosity, increasing age, being male, living in rural areas, having a lower income, reporting lower parental educational attainment, living with both parents at age 14, and having no history of cohabitation would positively and significantly predict membership in more traditional attitudinal clusters. A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis with a forced four-cluster solution and a follow-up discriminant analysis were used to test the first hypothesis and a multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to test the second hypothesis. In order to inform future studies, a power analysis of the multinomial logistic regression results and sample size estimates for forthcoming studies were also conducted. The study found that the three attitudinal groups in literature emerged in the cluster and discriminant analyses. The façade group did not emerge. Using weighted data with replacement of missing values, the study found that age and degree of urbanism were significant predictors of membership in attitudinal groups. The power analysis indicated that the study was robustly powered, while sample size estimates suggested that between 600 to 1400 respondents will be needed for future studies of similar variables in a similar population. The findings show that Albania is very similar to the rest of Europe in its place on the map of attitudes toward marriage. The study lays the groundwork for future studies and can inform advocacy for stronger marriages and families in Albania.},
  author = {Hagen, Timothy Paul},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {Clemson University},
  title = {Attitudes Toward Marriage Among Albanians: Establishing Baseline Attitudinal Clusters and Predictors from the 2008 European Values Study},
  url = {http://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1732 },
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{morales2017political,
  author = {Morales, Laura},
  booktitle = {Trust at Risk: Implications for EU Policies and Institutions},
  doi = {10.2777/364327},
  editor = {Commission, European},
  isbn = {978-92-79-65517-3},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {129-151},
  title = {Political confidence and political behaviour},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.2777/364327},
  year = 2017
}

@article{pachulia2018after,
  author = {Pachulia, Merab},
  journal = {The Financial},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {After Cannabis Legalization, Volume Limits on Khantsi?},
  url = {https://finchannel.com/opinion/75071-after-cannabis-legalization-volume-limits-on-khantsi},
  year = 2018
}

@article{nardin2016simulating,
  abstract = {Protection racketeering groups are powerful, deeply entrenched in multiple societies across the globe, and they harm the societies and economies in which they operate in multiple ways. These reasons make their dynamics important to understand and an objective of both scientific and application-oriented interest. Legal and social norm-based approaches arguably play significant roles in influencing protection racket dynamics. We propose an agent-based simulation model, the Palermo Scenario, to enrich our understanding of these influences and to test the effect of different policies on protection racket dynamics. Our model integrates the legal and the social norm-based approaches and uses a complex normative agent architecture that enables the analysis of both agents' behaviours and mental normative representations driving behaviour. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model and the benefits of using this complex normative architecture through a case study of the Sicilian Mafia.},
  author = {Nardin, Luis G. and Andrighetto, Giulia and Conte, Rosaria and Sz{\'e}kely, {\'A}ron and Anzola, David and Elsenbroich, Corinna and Lotzmann, Ulf and Neumann, Martin and Punzo, Valentina and Troitzsch, Klaus G.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11855 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/s10458-016-9330-z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5687 v1.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1573-7454},
  journal = {Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1117-1147},
  study-id = {EB79.1 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Simulating protection rackets: a case study of the Sicilian Mafia},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10458-016-9330-z},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2016
}

@article{meulemann2018wnschen,
  abstract = {"Der Wunsch einer kirchlichen Beerdigung sollte vom Rahmungsbedürfnis biographischer Übergänge und von der Christlichkeit positiv, von der religiösen Skepsis - Kirchenkritik, Religionskritik, naturalistisches Weltbild und religiöse Indifferenz - negativ abhängen. Das wird im ALLBUS von 1982 bis 2012 geprüft. Weil das Rahmungsbedürfnis nicht erhoben wurde, wird dieses aus den Effekten der Christlichkeit und der Religiosität in zwei Regressionsanalysen erschlossen. Erstens sollte seine Wirkung am stärkeren Einfluss weniger verpflichtender Dimensionen der Christlichkeit sichtbar werden. Diese Voraussage trifft zu: Die bloße Kirchenzugehörigkeit wirkt stärker als kirchliche Praktiken oder christliche Überzeugungen. Zweitens wird als Prädiktorvariable die Kirchenbindung so gebildet, dass zwischen durch ihre Praxis und ihren Glauben motivierten Mitgliedern und habituellen Mitgliedern sowie zwischen habituellen Nichtmitgliedern und ihre religiöse Skepsis motivierten Nichtmitgliedern unterschieden wird. Dann sollte der Wunsch einer kirchlichen Beerdigung bei habituellen Nichtmitgliedern stärker sein als bei motivierten Nichtmitgliedern und bei habituellen Mitgliedern stärker als bei habituellen Nichtmitgliedern; denn in beiden Vergleichen teilt die erste Gruppe immer noch das Christentum als kulturelles Residuum. Auch diese beiden Voraussagen treffen zu. Abschließend wird diskutiert, inwiefern das Rahmungsbedürfnis für kirchlich begleitete biographische Übergänge als Kulturkirchlichkeit verstanden werden kann."},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 33. Fassung, Januar 2019},
  addurl = {file://J:\Work\Allbus\ALLBUS\Bibliographie\Bibliographie 33. Fassung\Beiträge für 33. Fassung (2018)\Meulemann (2018) Wünschen Sie eine Beerdigung durch die Kirche.pdf},
  author = {Meulemann, Heiner},
  availability = {06.08.2018},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.5771/0038-6073-2018-1-33},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {0038-6073},
  journal = {Soziale Welt},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 1,
  pages = {33-63},
  study = {ALLBUSkum1982-2012},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {"Wünschen Sie eine Beerdigung durch die Kirche?" Kasualien als kulturelles Residuum nach der Säkularisierung in Deutschland 1982-2012},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2018-1-33},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2018
}

@article{kropp2017cases,
  abstract = {This paper analyses two European social science surveys in a comparative perspective. Some twenty years apart, two groups of scholars launched two European social surveys. In 1981, the first round of the European Values Study (EVS) took place and twenty years later, in 2001, the first round of the European Social Survey (ESS) was launched. From the outset, both surveys were closely connected to national and European social scientific institutions, had ties to the EU and used the most sophisticated survey techniques of their time to address urgent contemporary political and social problems.  However, only the ESS has managed to exploit these connections to European political institutions in order to obtain symbolic and monetary resources. The article argues that, in order to explain the trajectory of two social surveys, we need to understand not only the scientific and organizational properties of the two surveys, but just as importantly the constellation of the European field of research policy and the field of social science in Europe. In the twenty years separating the EVS and the ESS, social sciences and not least classical issues like social cohesion and political participation had become a part of issues funded through the EU research policies. In this way, the paper shows that success of social scientific projects are not only a result of the intrinsic qualities of the projects, but need to be understood in relation to and as a consequence of how it relates to of the social institutions and uses opening offers by changes in the settlement.},
  author = {Kropp, Kristoffer},
  doi = {doi.org/10.25364/11.2:2017.1.4},
  journal = {Serendipities Journal for the Sociology and History of the Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  title = {The Cases of the European Values Study and the European Social Survey – European Constellations of Social Science Knowledge Production},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.25364/11.2:2017.1.4},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2017
}

@article{nn2018religiositt,
  abstract = {Zwei Drittel der Österreicher verstehen sich als religiöse Menschen. 32 Prozent der Österreicher besuchen monatlich einen Gottesdienst.},
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Oberösterreichische Nachrichten},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religiosität entkoppelt sich von Religionsgemeinschaften},
  url = {https://www.nachrichten.at/nachrichten/chronik/Religiositaet-entkoppelt-sich-von-Religionsgemeinschaften;art58,3054102},
  year = 2018
}

@article{botelhomoniz2018ndice,
  abstract = {Com este trabalho queremos entender que construções teóricas e empíricas nos permitem medir a centralidade e intensidade dos significados religiosos tradicionais, bem como das suas expressões modernas mais plurais e difusas, na vida dos indivíduos, na primeira década e meia do século XXI. Para isso propomos um modelo de conceptualização e mensuração da religião – um índice de religiosidade – que consideramos ser útil e adequado para descrever e medir as suas várias expressões e dimensões contemporâneas. Para a construção do índice inspirámo-nos em alguns dos modelos existentes, nomeadamente o trabalho de Huber & Huber, e em três bancos de dados estatísticos específicos: o European Values Survey (1999-2008), o European Social Survey (2002-2014) e o World Christian Database (2015). Para irmos além dos constructos teóricos e da padronização de um índice de religiosidade, analisamos e medimos a religião num grupo específico de países europeus e comparamos os vários níveis de religiosidade entre eles.},
  author = {Botelho Moniz, Jorge},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10152 ; 10.4232/1.11523},
  doi = {10.4025/rbhranpuh.v11i32.40433},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3779 v3.0.1 ; ZA4754 v1.1.0},
  issn = {1983-2850},
  journal = {Revista Brasileira de História das Religiões},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 32,
  pages = {191-219},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Índice de Religiosidade: Uma proposta de teorização e medição dos fenómenos religiosos contemporâneos},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-61729-5},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2018
}

@article{crpic2010women,
  abstract = {The article is based on empirical research from the European Values Study, an international study which was carried out in Croatia in 1999 and 2008. The article examines relationships between men and women through theoretical review and empirical results. After the introduction in which particular focus is given to feminist criticism of relationships between men and women, particularly with regard to theological tradition, the article examines whether Croatians continue to tend to choose traditional forms of family and marriage; it looks at whether, fifteen years after the end of the war, and coming out of the trauma of war, stabilization is occurring in respect of relationships between men and women; whether "egalitarian" and "traditional" dimensions of gender roles are developing, and whether there are statistically significant differences between them. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that after the trauma of war, stabilization is occurring in Croatian society with respect to gender roles, and according to many indicators Croatia continues to be a predominately traditional European society. Significant differences in the assessment of male and female roles in society were obtained at the level that the authors identify as "worldview" while at an "existential" level, such differences between gender roles were not identified, which leaves room for new evaluation and study of the observed phenomenon.},
  author = {Crpic, Gordan and Sever, Irena and Mravunac, Damir},
  journal = {Društvena istraživanja: journal for general social issues},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article other},
  number = {1-2 (105-106)},
  pages = {69-89},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Women and Men: Egalitarianism at an Existential Level and Collision of Worldview [ŽENE I MUŠKARCI: EGALITARNOST NA EGZISTENCIJALNOJ I KOLIZIJA U SVJETONAZORSKOJ RAVNI]},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/52189},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2010
}

@article{beugelsdijk2018dimensions,
  abstract = {Cross-national research on cultural differences across space and time intersects multiple disciplines but the prominence of concepts varies by academic fields. Hofstede’s dimensional concept of culture, to begin with, dominates in cross-cultural psychology and international management. Inglehart’s dynamic concept of culture, by contrast, prevails in sociology and political science. We argue that this disciplinary division is unfortunate because the two concepts are complementary, for which reason a synthesis rectifies their mutual weaknesses. Indeed, while Hofstede’s dimensional concept neglects cultural dynamics, Inglehart’s dynamic concept is dimensionally reductionist. We demonstrate empirically that combining these two concepts leads to an improved understanding of cultural differences. Inspired by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, we use data from the European Value Studies and World Values Surveys for 495,011 individuals born between 1900 and 1999 in 110 countries and then show that change on these dimensions proceeds as Inglehart and his collaborators suggest. Most notably, younger generations have become more individualistic and more joyous. But even though economic development and generational replacement drive this cultural change, roughly half of the variation in national cultural orientations is unique to each country, due to lasting intercept differences in developmental trajectories that trace back to remote historic drivers. We discuss the implications for cross-national cultural research. },
  author = {Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and Welzel, Chris},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0022022118798505},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1469-1505},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Dimensions and Dynamics of National Culture: Synthesizing Hofstede With Inglehart},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118798505},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2018
}

@article{kerrissey2018labor,
  abstract = {This research uses comparative survey data to examine the effects of labor union membership on individual political participation. We argue that national political institutions—specifically, democracy and corporatism—shape the ways that unions mobilize their members to engage in the political sphere. Democratic regimes provide structural opportunities and cultural repertoires that lead unions to focus on member mobilization, especially via contentious politics and political parties. Corporatism, which directly links unions to state structures, undercuts the logics and incentives for union mobilization. We draw upon historical cases of Germany, the United States, Chile, and Egypt to illustrate how democracy and corporatism shape unions’ mobilization efforts. Multilevel models of World Values Survey data from roughly 60 countries find that union members participate more than non-members across a range of electoral and extra-institutional political acts, such as demonstrating, occupying buildings, signing petitions, party work, and so forth. In democratic societies, such effects are stronger and participation shifts toward parties and contentious politics. In less democratic societies, union members are particularly likely to work with and through other political organizations. Corporatist arrangements generally dampen the political activities of union members.},
  author = {Kerrissey, Jasmine and Schofer, Evan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1093/sf/soy044},
  eprint = {/oup/backfile/content_public/journal/sf/97/1/10.1093_sf_soy044/2/soy044.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3950 v1.3.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Social Forces},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {427-464},
  study-id = {ISSP2004 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Labor Unions and Political Participation in Comparative Perspective},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soy044},
  volume = 97,
  year = 2018
}

@article{wagner2016wegen,
  author = {Wagner, Gerald},
  day = 2,
  journal = {Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article german},
  month = {october},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Von wegen Klassenbewusstsein},
  type = {Newspaper},
  year = 2016
}

@book{furseth2018religious,
  abstract = {This book is an empirical comparative study of the complexity of religion in the public spheres of the five Nordic countries. The result of a five-year collaborative research project, the work examines how increasingly religiously diverse Nordic societies regulate, debate, and negotiate religion in the state, the polity, the media, and civil society. The project finds that there are seemingly contradictory religious trends at different social levels: a growing secularization at the individual level, and a deprivatization of religion in politics, the media, and civil society. It offers a critique of the current theories of secularization and the return of religion, introducing religious complexity as an alternative concept to understand these paradoxes. This book is for scholars, students, and readers with an interest in understanding the public role of religion in the West. },
  address = {Cham},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.2150 ; 10.4232/1.3190 ; 10.4232/1.11334},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-55678-9},
  editor = {Furseth, Inger},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3950 v1.3.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA2150 v1.0.0 ; ZA3190 v1.0.0 ; ZA4950 v2.2.0},
  isbn = {978-3-319-55678-9},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 341,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2004},
  title = {Religious Complexity in the Public Sphere: Comparing Nordic Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55678-9},
  year = 2018
}

@article{nn2018wertestudie,
  abstract = {Woher jemand kommt, wird immer unwichtiger. Wer sich an gewisse Spielregeln hält, wird heute eher als Österreicher akzeptiert als vor 30 Jahren.},
  author = {N.N},
  journal = {Kurier},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Wertestudie: Wer ist ein echter Österreicher?},
  url = {https://kurier.at/politik/inland/wertestudie-wer-ist-ein-echter-oesterreicher/400151376},
  year = 2018
}

@mastersthesis{seewan2015frage,
  abstract = {Ausgehend von aktuellen Debatten zur Definition von Religiosität beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Masterarbeit mit der empirischen Messung dieses Konzeptes. Ich wähle quantitative Items der Europäischen Wertestudie um exemplarisch das ihnen inhärente Bild von Religiosität zu analysieren und frage erstens, durch welche Merkmale und Dimensionen Religiosität erhoben wird und zweitens wie sich diese Erhebung in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten verändert hat. Mittels einer thematischen Analyse wurden vorhandene Inhalte identifiziert, charakterisiert und systematisch Themen und Dimensionen von Religiosität zugeordnet. Insgesamt konnten vier Dimensionen (Zugehörigkeit, Lebenswelt, Inhalte und Abgrenzung) und fünfzehn Themen identifiziert werden. Ihre inhaltlichen Charakteristika und zeitlichen Veränderungen weisen auf einen Wandel des (gemessenen) Religiösen hin, der sich durch zunehmende Flüchtigkeit, zunehmende Individualisierung und das Verschwimmen religiöser Positionen auszeichnet. Diese Befunde können einen Beitrag zur theoretischen Debatte der Religionssoziologie sowie der sozialwissenschaftlichen Reflexion methodologischer Praktiken leisten.},
  author = {Seewan, Lena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro mastersthesis},
  school = {University of Vienna},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Eine Frage des Glaubens?: Veränderung der Messung von Religiosität in soziologischen Umfragen},
  year = 2015
}

@book{dalton2015civic,
  abstract = {This book revisits and critically reassesses Almond, Verba and Pye’s foundational concept of a civic culture conducive to democracy, drawing on extensive cross-national and longitudinal public opinion data from the World Values Survey Association to document a profound transformation in the mass attitudes and behaviours that sustain democratic systems. The authors demonstrate that in dozens of countries citizens have shifted from a predominantly allegiant orientation toward politics to a more assertive stance, reflected in growing distrust of electoral politics, political institutions and representatives, as well as in an increased willingness to confront elites and articulate demands from below; importantly, societies that have advanced furthest in this transition from allegiant to assertive citizenship tend to display stronger democratic performance in terms of both accountability and effectiveness of governance. The volume begins with a foreword by Marita R. Inglehart on analysing the impact of values and an introductory chapter by Russell J. Dalton and Christian Welzel on political culture and value change, followed in the first part by contributions from Paul R. Abramson on generational replacement, Neil Nevitte on the decline of deference, and Christian Welzel and Alejandro Moreno on emancipative values; the second part addresses changing images of government, with chapters by Russell J. Dalton and Doh Chull Shin reassessing the civic culture model, Hans-Dieter Klingemann examining democratic maturation, and Christian Haerpfer and Kseniya Kizilova analysing support for democracy in postcommunist Europe and Eurasia; the final part explores the broader impact of cultural change, including studies by Robert Rohrschneider, Matt Miles and Mark Peffley on global environmental attitudes, Tor Georg Jakobsen and Ola Listhaug on protest politics, Pippa Norris on gender equality in Arab states, Bi Puranen on declining willingness to fight in wars, and Christian Welzel and Russell J. Dalton on the overall shift from allegiant to assertive citizens.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  editor = {Dalton, Russell J. and Welzel, Christian},
  isbn = {9781107682726},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 360,
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  title = {The Civic Culture Transformed. From Allegiant to Assertive Citizens},
  year = 2015
}

@article{arpino2015changes,
  author = {Arpino, Bruno and Esping-Andersen, Gosta and Pessin, Léa},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcv002},
  eprint = {/oup/backfile/content_public/journal/esr/31/3/10.1093_esr_jcv002/1/jcv002.pdf},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {370-382},
  title = {How Do Changes in Gender Role Attitudes Towards Female Employment Influence Fertility? A Macro-Level Analysis},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv002},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2015
}

@article{baptista2018leftright,
  abstract = {This article aims to find out how the Left-Right political dichotomy is present in the electorate, seeking to ascertain their understanding and knowledge about this political dyad. For this, we used a questionnaire survey aimed at assessing the social, economic and cultural values of citizens, in order to understand the political ideology of each respondent. The conclusions show that the surveyed electorate presents difficulties in understanding, orienting and self-positioning on the left-right political scale.},
  author = {Baptista, João and Loureiro, Marlene},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.31211/interacoes.n35.2018.a3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Interações: Sociedade e as novas modernidades},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 35,
  pages = {57-80},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Left-Right Political Ideology - Exploratory Study of the Portuguese Electorate [Ideologia Política Esquerda-Direita – Estudo Exploratório do Eleitorado Português]},
  url = {https://www.interacoes-ismt.com/index.php/revista/article/view/418},
  year = 2018
}

@article{littler2017rethinking,
  abstract = {The relationship between democracy and terrorism remains a source of significant debate, with academic evidence suggesting that democracy both inhibits and encourages acts of terrorism and political violence. Accepting this apparent contradiction, this paper argues that a more nuanced approach to understanding political systems, focussing on the subjective perceptions of individual actors, may allow these differences to be reconciled. Using regression analysis undertaken with UK data from the European Values Study, the results shows how attitudes to politics may frame assessments of the intrinsic valence – or attractiveness – of political participation, support for terrorism, and the implications this may have for both counter-terrorism and counter-extremism policy. },
  author = {Littler, Mark},
  doi = {10.1080/19434472.2016.1245211},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2016.1245211},
  journal = {Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {52-61},
  title = {Rethinking democracy and terrorism: a quantitative analysis of attitudes to democratic politics and support for terrorism in the UK},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2016.1245211},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{bleckmann2017unterschiedliche,
  address = {Baden Baden},
  author = {Bleckmann, Lisa and Lahusen, Christian},
  booktitle = {Protest in Bewegung?: Zum Wandel von Bedingungen, Formen und Effekten politischen Protests},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789},
  editor = {Daphi, Priska and Deitelhoff, Nicole and Rucht, Dieter and Teune, Simon},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811},
  isbn = {978-3-8487-4593-7},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {227-254},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  series = {Leviathan Sonderband 33},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Unterschiedliche Protestkulturen? : Eine vergleichende Analyse von Demonstrationsteilnahmen in Ost- und Westdeutschland, 1990-2013},
  year = 2017
}

@article{gugushvili2016intergenerational,
  abstract = {This article explores the consequences of intergenerational social mobility on perceptions of popular explanations of poverty. It is hypothesised that those who experience improvements in socio-economic status through social mobility are more likely to blame poverty on individual characteristics such as laziness and lack of willpower and are less likely to attribute failure to injustice in society, and on the macro-level, the effect of social mobility on perceptions of popular explanations of poverty is moderated by contextual environment. The described hypotheses are tested by using multinomial and multilevel logistic regressions and two complementary datasets---European Values Studies and the Life in Transition Survey. The derived findings suggest that social mobility is indeed associated with perceptions of individual blame and social blame of why some people are in need. However, these effects are manifested primarily among subjectively mobile individuals and are also conditioned by the legacy of socialism and the level of economic development of countries where individuals reside.},
  author = {Gugushvili, Alexi},
  doi = {10.1007/s11211-016-0275-9},
  issn = {1573-6725},
  journal = {Social Justice Research},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {402-428},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Intergenerational Social Mobility and Popular Explanations of Poverty: A Comparative Perspective},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11211-016-0275-9},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2016
}

@article{voeten2016people,
  author = {Voeten, Erik},
  journal = {The Washington Post},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  title = {No, people really aren’t turning away from democracy},
  type = {Newspaper},
  year = 2016
}

@techreport{asuyama2016delegation,
  abstract = {The degree of delegating authority to non-managerial and non-supervisory workers substantially varies across countries and industries. By examining worker-level data from 14 countries, I empirically explain this variation by region-specific social capital that proxies workers' degree of self-centeredness and the industry-specific need for coordination. The empirical results of this study confirm the theoretical predictions by Alonso et al. (2008) for the first time: the negative association between coordination needs and decentralization is mitigated in regions with lower self-centeredness of workers. In particular, when self-centeredness of workers (respectively, need for coordination) is very low, the degree of delegation is always high regardless of the level of the need for coordination (self-centeredness of workers). Positive associations between delegation and its benefits, including job satisfaction, wages (proxy for higher productivity), and skill upgrading of workers, are also found. These results imply that people's degree of self-centeredness affects a country's economic development patterns by changing the degree of decentralization and its benefits.},
  author = {Asuyama, Yoko},
  institution = {Institute of Developing Economies},
  journal = {IDE Discussion Paper},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro english techreport},
  number = 620,
  title = {Delegation to Workers across Countries and Industries: Social Capital and Coordination Needs Matter},
  url = {http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/620.html},
  year = 2016
}

@article{carriero2019support,
  abstract = {This article investigates attitudes towards the conditionality of benefits targeted to a specific needy group, the unemployed, and analyses their relationship with the structure of income inequality. The focus is on the deservingness of welfare recipients. The public seems to use five criteria to define deservingness and, consequently, the conditionality to which public support is subjected: need, attitude (i.e. gratefulness), control (over neediness), reciprocity (of giving and receiving) and identity, that is the similarity or proximity between the providers of public support (the taxpayers) and the people who should receive it. People’s willingness to help depends on how close they consider benefit recipients to be to themselves (i.e. the extent to which they belong to the same in-group). The identity criterion is the main object of our investigation. We argue that the operation of this criterion at the micro-level can be affected by macro-level variables. Specifically, we focus on different measures of the structure of income inequality which are indicators of the social distance between welfare recipients and taxpayers. Based on data from three waves of the European Values Study (1990–2008) collected in 30 countries, the study offers a comparative and longitudinal analysis. The picture emerging from the within-country analysis – which removed much of the between-country heterogeneity − shows that when the social distance grows, it is more difficult for the majority of citizens (upper and middle classes) to identify with the unemployed. },
  author = {Carriero, Renzo and Filandri, Marianna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0958928718815624},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928718815624},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of European Social Policy},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {498-514},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Support for conditional unemployment benefit in European countries: The role of income inequality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928718815624},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2019
}

@article{delarminat2000bonher,
  author = {de Larminat, Astrid},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Le Figaro},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Le bonher est dans le sondage},
  year = 2000
}

@article{bekhuis2014education,
  author = {Bekhuis, Hidde and Lubbers, Marcel and Verkuyten, Maykel},
  doi = {10.1093/ijpor/edt037},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 4,
  pages = {487-500},
  study = {ISSP2003 ; Eurobarometer 1982-1988 ; Eurobarometer 1994 ; Eurobarometer 1999-2003 ; EVS},
  title = {How Education Moderates the Relation between Globalization and Nationalist Attitudes},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edt037},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2014
}

@article{feich2015changes,
  abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the changes that have occurred in the religious beliefs and practices of Roman Catholics in Ireland between 1981 and 2008 and to examine the extent to which Catholics have become liberal in their attitudes towards social issues over this period. Data were derived from 23 religious indicators and six social items sourced from the European Values Study (EVS). Only Roman Catholic respondents (n=3810) were included in the analysis. Data were analysed using ANOVA, t-tests, and chi-square tests. The majority of religious indicators were found to be in significant decline between 1981 and 2008. Also, Catholic attitudes towards homosexuality, euthanasia, abortion, prostitution, divorce, and the use of ‘soft drugs’ were found to have become significantly more liberal over this period. These findings support not only the notions of privatisation of religion and morality but also the emergence of a liberal ethos among a considerable proportion of Catholics in Ireland. Results are discussed in relation to theories of secularisation, believing without belonging, and the emergence of Liberal Catholics. Suggestions for future research, such as investigating the effect of conflict between one’s Catholic identity and liberal views, are made. },
  author = {Féich, Pádraig Ó and O’Connell, Michael},
  doi = {10.1080/13537903.2015.1025551},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2015.1025551},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {231-247},
  study = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Changes in Roman Catholic Beliefs and Practices in Ireland between 1981 and 2008 and the Emergence of the Liberal Catholic},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2015.1025551},
  variable = {a006, e069_01, f024, f025, f028, f031, f032,f033, f034, f035, f036, f037, f038, f050, f051, f053, f054, f055, f062, f063, f064, f065, f066, f118, f119, f120, f121, f122, f126, s002evs, s003, x003r},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2015
}

@article{vanheuvelen2017brother,
  abstract = {Analyzing 40 countries in the 2008–2009 European Values Study (EVS), we test hypotheses that three religion dimensions—religious orthodoxy (believing), involvement in religious services and organizations (behaving), and affiliation with religious traditions (belonging)—are associated with economic communitarianism as opposed to individualism and with extending economic concern universalistically to all social categories. The EVS assesses respondents’ concern for the living conditions of social categories ranging from their immediate family to all humankind, as well as for vulnerable social categories—the elderly, the sick and disabled, poor children, the unemployed, and immigrants. While we find that Protestants are in some respects limited and exclusive in extending economic communitarianism, two of the most important factors in concern for the well-being of others and in universalistically extending this are religious orthodoxy and involvement in religion. Moreover, the orthodox and the religiously involved are more likely to express concern for the well-being of immigrants. We conclude that people of faith are far less exclusive and particularistic than less religious people in their economic concern for others, suggesting they could support welfare state efforts within their countries, bailouts to help weaker economies in Europe, and foreign aid to improve the conditions of those living in poorer countries. },
  author = {VanHeuvelen, Tom and Robinson, Robert V.},
  doi = {10.1177/2329496516686618},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496516686618},
  journal = {Social Currents},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {“And Who Is My Brother?” The Scope of Religious Communitarianism in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496516686618},
  year = 2017
}

@article{mikucka2017economic,
  abstract = {Summary Governments across the world seek to promote a better life for their citizens, but thus far scholars have provided contradictory advice. While some argue that economic growth leads to higher subjective well-being, and others argue that it does not, we are the first to specify two conditions that make economic growth compatible with subjective well-being over time: increasing social trust and declining income inequality. Our methodological contribution is to combine micro- and macro-level data from a large sample of developing, transition, and developed countries and to explicitly distinguish the cross-country differences from the changes over time. We perform a multilevel analysis of harmonized data composed of the World Values Survey, the European Values Study, and macro-level indicators of economic growth and income inequality for 46 countries, observed from 1981 to 2012. Our results show that in the long run economic growth improves subjective well-being when social trust does not decline and, in richer countries, when income inequality reduces. These results are compatible with the recommendation that, to pursue durable improvements in people’s subjective well-being, policy-makers should adopt a ”promote, protect and reduce” policy agenda: promote economic growth, protect and promote social trust, and reduce income inequality. },
  author = {Mikucka, Malgorzata and Sarracino, Francesco and Dubrow, Joshua K.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.01.002},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {0305-750X},
  journal = {World Development },
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {447-459},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {When Does Economic Growth Improve Life Satisfaction? Multilevel Analysis of the Roles of Social Trust and Income Inequality in 46 Countries, 1981–2012 },
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X17300049},
  volume = 93,
  year = 2017
}

@article{durovic2017longitudinal,
  abstract = {This article asserts that the impact of generational replacement on gendered political participation patterns is not sufficiently taken into account by existing analyses of participatory gender inequalities. In this longitudinal study, gender and generational differences in French protest patterns are systematically examined. The article tackles two interrelated questions: what is the impact of generational replacement on gender differences in political action in France, and from an individual-level perspective, how do we explain the different participation levels from different generations of women and men? A longitudinal quantitative analysis of survey data from the European Values Study from 1981 to 2008 confirms the significance of generational differences as well as the multi-dimensionality of participatory gender differences.},
  author = {Durovic, Anja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1057/s41253-017-0039-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1476-3427},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {A longitudinal analysis of gendered patterns in political action in France: a generational story?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-017-0039-4},
  year = 2017
}

@article{molteni2018shifts,
  abstract = {Religious change continues to be a controversial topic that involves both theoretical and methodological issues. As to the European context, the main dispute is between secularization and individualization theory, especially considering the ‘believing without belonging’ thesis. This article will tackle this dispute given these three choices: firstly, we assume that cohort replacement is the main driver of religious change; secondly, religious tradition has to be taken fully into account to explain religious change; thirdly, we consider religiosity as a complex phenomenon that requires a multidimensional approach. Results from a multilevel multiple responses model based on EVS (European Values Study) data show that practice is declining across cohorts in all the countries whereas trends for belief and self-definition diverge only for Eastern Orthodox countries. Depending on the interpretation, such exception seems supporting rather than undermining the ‘believing without belonging’ theory. },
  author = {Molteni, Francesco and Biolcati, Ferruccio},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1177/0037768618772969},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768618772969},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {413-432},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Shifts in religiosity across cohorts in Europe: A multilevel and multidimensional analysis based on the European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768618772969},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2018
}

@article{nn2018bedeutung,
  abstract = {Die Bedeutung der Religion nimmt für Österreicherinnen und Österreicher weiter ab. Gab 1990 noch rund ein Viertel der Bevölkerung an, Religion sei „sehr wichtig im Leben“, so geben das von den heuer dazu Befragten nur noch 16 Prozent an.},
  author = {N.N.},
  day = 22,
  journal = {religion.orf.at},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  month = {October},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Bedeutung der Religion nimmt in Österreich weiter ab},
  url = {https://religion.orf.at/stories/2943026/},
  year = 2018
}

@inproceedings{brechon2015confidence,
  abstract = {Communication méthodologique qui compare la mesure des principaux indicateurs religieux dans les grandes enquêtes internationales (résultats par pays).},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {33rd ISSR (International Society for Sociology of Religion) Conference at Louvain-la-neuve (Belgium), July 2-5},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.11334},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA4950 v2.2.0},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {How much confidence can be done to the measure of religious indicators in the main international surveys (EVS, ESS, ISSP)?},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01502611},
  year = 2015
}

@article{storm2015religion,
  abstract = {A well supported finding in social science is that religiosity is associated with pro-social behaviours such as volunteering, but the religious decline in Europe characterising the latter part of the twentieth century has not been accompanied by decline in voluntary participation. This period is also associated with a sharp increase in the moral emphasis on individual autonomy and inclusiveness over social norms and traditions. In this analysis of the European Values Study (2008–2010), I examine the relationship between religion and volunteering, taking both individual values and aggregate norms into account. Religious attendance is found to be associated with volunteering at the individual level. However, the average citizen’s likelihood of volunteering is lower in more religious countries. This could be due in part to secular countries’ high levels of inclusive individualism (autonomy values and generalised trust) which are positively associated with volunteering among both religious and non-religious respondents. },
  author = {Storm, Ingrid},
  doi = {10.1080/13537903.2015.1025542},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2015.1025542},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {213-229},
  title = {Religion, Inclusive Individualism, and Volunteering in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2015.1025542    },
  volume = 30,
  year = 2015
}

@book{spohn2015religion,
  abstract = {This volume analyzes changing relationships between religion and national identity in the course of European integration. Examining elite discourse, media debates and public opinions across Europe over a decade, it explores how accelerated European integration and Eastern enlargement have affected religious markers of collective identity.},
  address = {Basingstoke},
  author = {Spohn, Wilifried and Koenig, Matthias and Knöbl, Wolfgang},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.2880 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.10908,doi:10.4232/1.10911 ; 10.4232/1.10926 ; 10.4232/1.10933 ; 10.4232/1.10935 ; 10.4232/1.10937 ; 10.4232/1.10958 ; 10.4232/1.10961 ; 10.4232/1.10970 ; 10.4232/1.10983 ; 10.4232/1.11135 ; 10.4232/1.11479 ; 10.4232/1.10188 ; 10.4232/1.10899 ; 10.4232/1.10946},
  doi = {10.1057/9780230390775},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2141 ; ZA2459 ; ZA2563 ; ZA2880 ; ZA2936 ; ZA3204 ; ZA3296 ; ZA3387 ; ZA3627 ; ZA3910 ; ZA3938 ; ZA3978 ; ZA3979 ; ZA3983 ; ZA4056 ; ZA4246 ; ZA4414 ; ZA4529 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4973 ; ZA5234},
  isbn = {978-0-230-39076-8},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 187,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Identities and Modernities in Europe},
  study-id = {EB37.0 ; EB40 ; EB42 ; ISSP1995 ; EB47.1 ; EB52.0 ; EB53 ; EB54.1 ; EB56.2 ; ISSP2003 ; EB60.1 ; EB2001.1 ; EB2002 ; EB61 ;  EB2004 ; EB64.2 ; EB67.1 ; EVS2008 ; EB71.3 ;  EB73.4},
  title = {Religion and national identities in an enlarged Europe},
  year = 2015
}

@article{hodel2017genderfair,
  abstract = { The present study investigates whether and how the use of gender-fair language is related to linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic differences between countries with grammatical gender languages. To answer this question, we analyzed job titles in online job advertisements from four European countries differing in achieved gender equality and egalitarian versus hierarchical cultural values (Switzerland, Austria, Poland, and Czech Republic). Results show that gender-fair job titles were more frequent in more egalitarian countries with higher levels of socioeconomic gender equality (Switzerland, Austria) than in countries with a higher acceptance of hierarchies and inequalities (Poland, Czech Republic). In the latter countries, gender-specific (masculine or feminine) job titles predominated. Moreover, gender-fair job titles were more prevalent in a female-dominated branch (health care) and a gender-balanced economic branch (food services) than in a male-dominated branch (constructional steel and metal work). Thus, our findings suggest that the language use in job advertisements indeed corresponds with linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic aspects and may contribute to the transmission of gender (in)equalities and gender stereotypes. },
  author = {Hodel, Lea and Formanowicz, Magdalena and Sczesny, Sabine and Valdrová, Jana and von Stockhausen, Lisa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0022022116688085},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116688085},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Gender-Fair Language in Job Advertisements},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116688085},
  year = 2017
}

@article{meinhart2018wertecheck,
  abstract = {Alle zehn Jahre untersuchen Forscher das Wertegefüge der Bevölkerung. Im zweiten Teil der profil-Serie geht es um Geldverdienen und Familie, Freunde und Freizeit.},
  author = {Meinhart, Edith},
  journal = {Profil},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 44,
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Wertecheck: Familie und Freunde, Beruf und Freizeit},
  url = {https://www.profil.at/oesterreich/wertecheck-familie-freunde-beruf-freizeit-10436003},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2018
}

@book{dogan1988comparing,
  address = {London},
  author = {Dogan, Mattei},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {1988 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
  study-id = {EVS1981},
  title = {Comparing Pluralist Democracies: Strains on Legitimacy},
  year = 1988
}

@techreport{witajewskabaltvilka2018political,
  abstract = {The paper studies the factors that shape party issue competition on climate change and environmentalism. It covers the quantitative study on political parties' positions in 22 European countries during electoral campaigns between 1990 and 2016, as well as two case studies: Polish electoral campaign in 2011 and German electoral campaign in 2013. The paper concludes that more favourable public opinion towards environment, lower socio-economic inequality and weaker trade unions are associated with high party competition on climate change and environmentalism. },
  author = {Witajewska-Baltvilka, Baiba},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  institution = {Instytut Badán Strukturalynch (Institut for Structural Research)},
  issn = {2451-4373},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english techreport},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Political parties and climate change policy: why do parties sometimes talk about it, but sometimes keep silent},
  url = {http://ibs.org.pl//app/uploads/2018/09/IBS_Working_Paper_05_2018.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@inproceedings{klassen2018disadvantage,
  abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The paper outlines the connection between being disadvantaged and perceptions of democracy, through the paradigm of the capability approach. The paper briefly summarises the notion of adaptive preferences and how this can be used to explain why disadvantaged citizens are likely to hold different levels of satisfaction with democracy.  METHODS: The study analyses about 3.2 million respondents from 162 cross-national surveys covering 143 countries between 1973 and 2016.  This public opinion data is analysed against relative levels of economic deprivation and contrasted with five indices of democratic quality.  RESULTS: Respondents are more satisfied with democracy as income is more equitably distributed between population quintiles. Democratic satisfaction is more sensitive to changes in income distribution for some demographic groups.  Higher socioeconomic groups exhibit stronger correlations with expert indices of democratic quality.  DISCUSSION: We find that there is evidence for the utility of the notion of adaptive  preferences for understanding satisfaction with democracy. This suggests that more attention should be paid to how inequality is distributed across society, rather than just presenting analysis on how much inequality there is in various democratic societies.},
  author = {Klassen, Andrew James},
  booktitle = {Conference for the Australian Political Studies Association help in Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 21.-25. July 2018, 25th World Congress of the  International Political Science Association},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Disadvantage and Democracy: Why Income and Education Matter for Attitudes Towards Democracy},
  url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328289134_Disadvantage_and_Democracy_Why_Income_and_Education_Matter_for_Attitudes_Towards_Democracy},
  year = 2018
}

@article{lauro2018model,
  abstract = {Composite indicators (CIs), in the social sciences, are used more and more for measuring very complex phenomena as the poverty, the progress and the well-being. Using an approach Model Based in to build CIs, instead of an approach Data Driven, it is possible to consider the role (formative and reflective) of the manifest variables (MVs) and to model the relationships among the CIs. In this article, we begin introducing structural equation modeling (SEM) as a tool for building Model Based CIs. Secondly, among the several methods developed to estimate SEM, we show Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM), due to the key role that estimation of the latent variables (i.e. the CIs) plays in the estimation process. Moreover, we present some recent developments in PLS-PM for the treatment of non metric data, hierarchical data, longitudinal data and multi-block data. Finally, we demonstrate how these recent developments can strongly help in the building of CIs. It is easy to realize, for example, that as a consequence of considering nominal and ordinal data, the knowledge about a phenomenon synthesized by a CI is considerably extended and improved especially for operational use. In order to highlight the potentiality of the proposed approach, the construction of a CI is discussed. In particular, a CI of Social Cohesion, developed by using European Values Study data, will be described in detail.},
  author = {Lauro, Natale Carlo and Grassia, Maria Gabriella and Cataldo, Rosanna},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-016-1516-x},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {421-455},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Model Based Composite Indicators: New Developments in Partial Least Squares-Path Modeling for the Building of Different Types of Composite Indicators},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1516-x},
  volume = 135,
  year = 2018
}

@article{kafkova2010meaning,
  abstract = {Meaning of Work among the Elderly Czech and Slovak Workers. Due to population ageing, Czech and Slovak elderly workers have been becoming an important element in the labour market while their economic activity has been still rather low. To increase it, it is essential not only to enhance the competencies of elderly workers and eliminate prejudices of employers against them but also to encourage their motivation to work. In such context, value of work for elderly workers may be crucial. This paper focuses on the value of work and the attitudes to work of elderly Czech and Slovak workers. It is based on the European Value Study (EVS) longitudinal data which surveyed work values in 1991, 1999 and 2008. As the paper illustrates, attitudes to work of elderly workers are very different in Czech Republic and Slovakia nowadays. The differences are not evident only in the generation of elderly workers but in younger generations too. The diversity of the attitudes to work is not caused by age but has been reflecting the different development of Czech and Slovak society since the separation in 1993. There has been a considerable decrease of work value in the Czech Republic as well as the decrease of work satisfaction and ambitions. Work attitudes of the Slovak population have remained stable in the last two decades. The value of work has remained very important for elderly Slovak workers emphasising job security and good salary.},
  author = {Kafková, Marcela Petrová and Rabušic, Ladislav},
  journal = {Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {316-338},
  title = {Meaning of Work among the elderly Czech and Slovak workers},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2010
}

@incollection{franzen2010umweltbewusstsein,
  abstract = {Die Übernutzung natürlicher Ressourcen und die Zerstörung der Natur sind seit den 1970er Jahren ein dominantes Thema in Öffentlichkeit und Politik. Zurzeit steht besonders die Sorge um den Klimawandel, verursacht durch anthropogen erzeugte CO2-Emissionen und andere Gase, im Vordergrund. Seit das Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1988 von der World Meteorological Organization (WMO) und den United Nations (UN) ins Leben gerufen wurde, hat das IPCC vier wissenschaftliche Berichte vorgelegt, in denen die bisherige Klimaerwärmung dokumentiert wird und vor den Folgen einer weiteren globalen Erwärmung gewarnt wird. So ist die globale Durchschnittstemperatur in den letzten hundert Jahren (von 1906 bis 2006) um 0,74 Grad gestiegen. Im letzten Report aus dem Jahr 2007 geht das IPCC darüber hinaus von einer weiteren Erhöhung der globalen Durchschnittstemperatur bei ungebremster Zunahme von CO2-Emissionen von 4-6 Grad im Jahr 2100 aus (IPCC 2007). Diese Prognose und die damit einhergehenden Konsequenzen haben die EU und andere Staaten dazu veranlasst, drastische Maßnahmen anzukündigen. Die EU hat sich verpflichtet, die Kohlendioxid-Emissionen bis 2020 um 20% – bezogen auf das Niveau von 1990 – zu senken. Dieses Ziel soll durch die so genannte 20/20/20-Regel erreicht werden. Demnach sollen die Treibhausgase zum einen durch die Reduktion des Energiebedarfs um 20% gesenkt werden und zum anderen der Anteil an Energie aus regenerativen Quellen bis 2020 auf 20% erhöht werden. Die EU hat die Erhöhung des Reduktionsziels auf 30% angekündigt, falls sich andere Industrieländer diesem Ziel anschließen (Commission of the European Communities 2008). Viele Wissenschaftler (u.a. der Nobelpreisträger und Energieminister der USA Steven Chu) fordern sogar eine Halbierung der globalen CO2-Emissionen bis 2050 und sowohl die G8-als auch die G5-Staaten stimmen diesen Reduktionszielen im Prinzip zu (G8-Erklärung vom 10. Juli 2009).},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Franzen, Axel and Vogl, Dominikus},
  booktitle = {Komparative empirische Sozialforschung},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-92472-4_13},
  editor = {Beckers, Tilo and Birkelbach, Klaus and Hagenah, J{\"o}rg and Rosar, Ulrich},
  isbn = {978-3-531-92472-4},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {337-362},
  publisher = {VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften},
  study = {EVS1999 ; ISSP2000},
  title = {Umweltbewusstsein und der Reichtum von Nationen: Ein Vergleich von WVS, ISSP und EVS},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92472-4_13},
  year = 2010
}

@article{mair2019alternatives,
  abstract = {Increasing numbers of older adults cross-nationally are without children or partners in later life and therefore likely have greater reliance on non-kin (e.g., friends). This pattern may be particularly pronounced in country contexts that emphasize friendship. This paper hypothesizes that those who lack kin (e.g., children, partners) and/or who live in countries with a stronger emphasis on friendship have more friends in their networks. While these hypothesized patterns are consistent with interdisciplinary literatures, they have not been tested empirically and therefore remain overlooked in current “aging alone” narratives.This study combines individual-level data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, Wave 6) with nation-level data from the European Values Survey (EVS) to estimate multilevel negative binomial models exploring number of friends among those aged 50+ who lack kin across 17 countries.Older adults who lack kin or whose kin are unavailable report more friends in their networks, particularly in countries with a higher percentage of people who believe that friends are “very important” in life.This paper challenges dominating assumptions about “aging alone” that rely heavily on lack of family as an indicator of “alone.” Future studies of “kinlessness” should consider the extent to which friendship is correlated with lack of kin, particularly in more socioeconomically developed countries. Previous research on “aging alone” may have overestimated risk in more privileged countries that already emphasize friendship, but underestimated risk in family-centered countries where “kinlessness” and alternative sources of support are less common.},
  author = {Mair, Christine A},
  doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbz029},
  journal = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series B},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1416–1428},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Alternatives to Aging Alone?: “Kinlessness” and the Importance of Friends across European Contexts},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz029},
  volume = 74,
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{ryan2016income,
  author = {Ryan, Alexander},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 66,
  school = {Göteborgs Universitet, Department of Political Science},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Income Inequality and Mass Polarization},
  url = {https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/47234/1/gupea_2077_47234_1.pdf},
  year = 2016
}

@mastersthesis{welt2015influence,
  abstract = {This Master Thesis analyzes how beneficial parental involvement is for third level education of an individual. Effects derived from parental behavior are measured based on new data on a larger scale compared to previous research, and by exploiting so far unused involvement variables. For the measurement a logit regression is applied to European Value Study data, for a selection of thirteen countries across Europe. Through this approach with micro level data, evidence for different effects regarding magnitude and direction, in various countries and between the parents, has been found. It can be concluded that while involvement of the parents has a positive impact on the attainment of third level education, the effect varies between countries due to country specific differences.},
  author = {Welt, Christian Alexander},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Lund University, School of Economics and Management},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Influence of Parents’ Involvement on Children’s Education: A Study of Tertiary Education in European Countries},
  url = {http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/5473955},
  year = 2015
}

@article{yerkes2017attitudes,
  abstract = {Attitudes towards the civil and social citizenship rights of individuals in diverse family forms are under researched. We use cross-national data from a pilot study among students in Denmark, Spain, Croatia, Italy and the Netherlands to explore cross-country differences in beliefs about partnership, parenthood and social rights of same-sex couples vs. heterosexual couples or married vs. cohabiting couples. The results suggest a polarization in students’ attitudes between countries that appear more traditional (i.e. Italy and Croatia) and less traditional (Spain and the Netherlands), where the rights of married heterosexual couples are privileged over other family forms more so than in non-traditional countries. Moreover, equality in social rights is generally more widely accepted than equality in civil rights, particularly in relationship to parenthood rights and in more traditional countries. We discuss the implications of these findings and the implications for further research in this under-explored area of attitudinal research. },
  author = {Yerkes, Mara A. and Sani, Giulia Maria Dotti and Solera, Cristina},
  doi = {10.1080/00918369.2017.1310507},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1310507},
  journal = {Journal of Homosexuality},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Attitudes Towards Parenthood, Partnership and Social Rights for Diverse Families: Evidence from a Pilot Study in Five Countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1310507},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{friedrich2016ofness,
  abstract = {In this paper we adopt a user-centered indexing perspective to propose a concept for the subject indexing of social science survey data. Operationalization processes in survey development mean that the constructs being studied are mostly hidden in the verbalization of the questionnaire (latent subject content). Indexable concepts are therefore found at two different semantic levels that, inspired by research on the indexing of pictures (Shatford, Cat Classif Q 6(3):39–62, 1986), we treat as the ofness and aboutness of survey data. We apply a syntax of term linking and role indicators, combining directive terms (e.g., attitude, experience, perception) with subject terms (e.g., corruption, foreigners). Each directive and subject term combination represents a retrievable unit of interest to the secondary researcher.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Friedrich, Tanja and Siegers, Pascal},
  booktitle = {Analysis of Large and Complex Data},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11847 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-25226-1_54},
  editor = {Wilhelm, Adalbert F.X. and Kestler, Hans A.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5565 v4.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-319-25226-1},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {629-638},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EB76.1 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Ofness and Aboutness of Survey Data: Improved Indexing of Social Science Questionnaires},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25226-1_54},
  year = 2016
}

@mastersthesis{keprta2012komparativn,
  abstract = {The thesis discusses the overall characteristics of Czech welfare state. First it describes the emergence and evolution of the welfare state in general and divides particular types of welfare state according to Esping-Andersen’s typology. Then it deals with the Czech welfare state. It characterizes the development since Austro- Hungarian Empire until 2010. It points to the specific nature of Czech welfare state, which consists of all different types of welfare state. In empirical part, the social transfer abuse is examined, using a regression model. The examination is restricted to sick-leave. The model shows relation between the sickness benefit, wage and sickness absence, which illustrates the highprobable benefit abuse. Finally the thesis discusses the main reason to defraud – low identification of citizens with the state, which stems from the history.},
  author = {Keprta, Jan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  pages = 97,
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Komparativní charakteristika českého státu blahobytu},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/40249/BPTX_2010_2__0_17533_0_105658.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y},
  year = 2012
}

@article{holmberg2017trust,
  abstract = {Parliaments are—or should at least be—the central rule-making institutions in democratic countries. If people do not have faith in the institution making the rules, it is less likely that people live by them. Consequently, it is beneficiary if trust in parliament is high. But it is also a normative good in itself. If the people do not trust the key institution whereby they can exercise “rule by the people over itself,” democracy itself is endangered. Secondly, trust levels should be reasonably even spread among relevant social and political groups in a society because parliament should ideally be a nonpartisan level playing field. However, because the majority in parliament typically chooses and sustains the acting government, one could say that legislatures in parliamentary democracies should not be level playing fields. According to this argument, there should be differences in trust in parliament between groups of individuals with varying political affiliations. Supporters of the majority in parliament should be expected to have higher trust in the legislature compared to citizens who voted for the opposition.We test our three hypotheses on data from some 80 countries participating in World Value Survey, either in Waves 5 or 6. We find that people in both new and established democracies harbor lower levels of trust than an intuitive interpretation of normative theory would lead us to expect. We also find that the attitudes of tens of thousands of citizens garnered from across 42 new and old democracies suggest that levels of average trust in groups of these societies are not as equally distributed, as a simple reading of democratic theory would have us to believe. In particular, individuals with a stronger interest in politics, and who are winners by the account of the last election, have statistically substantively relevant higher average levels of trust in parliament as an institution than do other citizens. The latter seems to us especially potentially problematic in particular for some of the new democracies where majority-dominant parties manage to cling on to power over several election cycles. If what we find here were generally applicable also over several election cycles, we would expect the gap between winners and losers to widen and sediment and potentially sow the seeds of anti-system movements opposed to democracy. Parliament is obviously a partisan creature in the eyes of most citizens in democracies. The level playing field idea does not fly.},
  author = {Holmberg, Soren and Lindberg, Staffan and Svensson, Richard},
  doi = {10.1002/pa.1647},
  issn = {1479-1854},
  journal = {Journal of Public Affairs},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {1-2},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Trust in parliament},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pa.1647},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{lakomy2017values,
  abstract = {This paper utilizes an untapped data source containing information about completed fertility rates and many explanatory variables to elaborate the education-fertility link. Indicators of the theory of value change and rational choice theory are tested as possible explanations for this relationship. A Poisson regression is used to analyze data from the fourth wave of the European Values Study, with the number of children as the dependent variable. The association  between  education  and fertility is found to be generally negative and stronger for women. The findings also indicate that opportunity costs and liberal values are stronger predictors of fertility among women than among men, and largely explain the more negative effect of education on women. Additional analysis of different welfare regimes reveals that the multivariate association between education and fertility remains significant only for the post-communist countries of Europe.},
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Lakomy, Martin},
  booktitle = {Special issue on Education and fertility in low-fertility settings},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10059},
  doi = {10.1553/populationyearbook2017s121},
  editor = {Lutz, Wolfgang and Beaujouan, Eva and Sobotka, Tomas and Nitsche, Natalie and Van Bavel, Jan},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v1.0.0},
  isbn = {1782-4414},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {121-414},
  publisher = {Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften},
  series = {Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2017},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The role of values and of socioeconomic status in the education-fertility link among men and women},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2017
}

@article{slomczynski2017nonunique,
  abstract = {For a given survey data file we define a non-unique record, NUR, as a sequence of all values in a given case (record), which is identical to that of another case in the same dataset. We analyzed 1,721 national surveys in 22 international projects, covering 142 countries and 2.3 million respondents, and found a total of 5,893 NURs concentrated in 162 national surveys, in 17 projects and 80 countries. We show that the probability of the occurrence of any NUR in an average survey sample is exceedingly small, and although NURs constitute a minor fraction of all records, it is unlikely that they are solely the result of random chance. We describe how NURs are distributed across projects, countries, time, modes of data collection, and sampling methods. We demonstrate that NURs diminish data quality and potentially have undesirable effects on the results of statistical analyses. Identifying NURs allows researchers to examine the consequences of their existence in data files. We argue that such records should be flagged in all publically available data archives. We provide a complete list of NURs for all analyzed national surveys.},
  author = {Slomczynski, Kazimierz and Powalko, Przemek and Krauze, Tadeusz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10874 ; 10.4232/1.10878 ; 10.4232/1.10888 ; 10.4232/1.10937 ; 10.4232/1.10964 ; 10.4232/1.11479 ; 10.4232/1.11558 ; 10.4232/1.1490 ; 10.4232/1.1840 ; 10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2150 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.3190 ; 10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.10079 ; 10.4232/1.11334 ; 10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.11418 ; 10.4232/1.11759 ; 10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1318 ; ZA1320 ; ZA1750 ; ZA3387 ; ZA4231 ; ZA5234 ; ZA5612 ; ZA1490 ; ZA1840 ; ZA1950 ; ZA2150 ; ZA2900 ; ZA3190 ; ZA3950 ; ZA4700 ; ZA4850 ; ZA4950 ; ZA5400 ; ZA5500 ; ZA5800 ; ZA4804},
  issn = {1864-3361},
  journal = {Survey Research Methods},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EB19 ; EB21 ; EB31 ; EB54.1 ; EB62.2 ; EB73.4 ; EB77.3 ; ISSP1985 ; ISSP1989 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2010 ; ISSP2011 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Non-unique Records in International Survey Projects: The Need for Extending Data Quality Control},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2017.v11i1.6557},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2017
}

@article{shkurova2019experience,
  abstract = {The article presents the results of studying the peculiarities in the religiosity of the population in Belarus. The changes in the Belarusian society also affect the religious sphere. This requires the development of models for its scientific study. The characteristics of a religious field are reflected in the phenomenon of religiosity. Based on data from sociological studies of different years, it is possible to track its dynamics throughout the entire period of developing the Belarusian society. The  assessment of religiosity is carried out on the basis of its most significant and comparable indicators: religious affiliation and ideological position. Their comparison demonstrates the quantitative stability of population confessional identification and changes in religiosity mainly within the framework of ideological types. The results of various studies confirm that this trend has persisted in the Belarusian society throughout almost the entire period of its development. This allows making a conclusion about transforming nature of religiosity and transiting to the phase of qualitative changes.},
  author = {Shkurova, A.V.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {139-148},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Опыт исследований религиозности в белорусской среде: социологические подходы (Experience in the study of religiosity in the Belarusian environment: Sociological approaches)},
  url = {https://journals.bsu.by/index.php/sociology/article/view/2153},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{taipale2019technological,
  abstract = {In this chapter, the suggestion is made that the relevance and timeliness of the concept of digital family is owing to certain advances in personal communication technologies that, together with wider social changes in the developed world, facilitate people's participation in a digital society. First, we take a look at recent technological advancements in personal communication technology and social media applications, after which we examine more in-depth some of the major sociocultural transformations to have paved way for the emergence and rise of the digital family.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Taipale, Sakari},
  booktitle = {Intergenerational Connections in Digital Families},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-11947-8_3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-11947-8},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {25-39},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Technological Drivers and Sociocultural Change},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11947-8_3},
  year = 2019
}

@article{savelyev2016decomposition,
  abstract = {The research tests a modernization model (Welzel et al. 2003; Inglehart-Welzel 2009; 2010) applied to post-socialist societies in comparison with West European countries. The linear decomposition analysis of integrated World Values Survey (waves WVS1994-1999, WVS1999-2004, WVS2005-2007) and European Values Study (waves EVS1999-2001 ; EVS2008-2010) data showed that Inglehart’s socialization hypothesis (Inglehart 1990), which is related to a fundamental emancipative shift in values, was true for both selected West European and post-socialist countries with minor exceptions. However, the study demonstrates that the observed variability in value change in different countries in Europe is due to specific country-level contextual effects and not the population turnover. This finding confronts the assumption of exclusiveness of socialization against historical period in forming value orientations. Nevertheless the study supports in part the tested modernization model and proves that post-socialist societies (including Post-soviet) can follow a path of development which is similar to advanced Western Europe if the economic security increases.},
  author = {Savelyev, Yuriy},
  journal = {Sociológia},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {267-289},
  title = {Decomposition of Value Change in European Societies in 1995-2008: Test of Modernization Model and Socialization Hypothesis},
  url = {http://ssrn.com/abstract=2802507},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2016
}

@article{lahusen2015beyond,
  abstract = { This article deals with the development of ‘unconventional’ political participation in Germany between 1974 and 2008. Our aim is to describe empirically the evolution of protest actions across time and differences between east and west. Moreover, we strive to unveil explanatory factors by analysing data from the Political Action Survey (1974/75) and the European Values Study (2008) in regard to lawful demonstrations. For this purpose, we draw on scholarly writing and test the causal effects of socio-demographic, social-structural and attitudinal factors. Our findings show that participation in lawful protest forms is not anymore a minoritarian, exceptional or unconventional act of political claims making, but a normal aspect of political behaviour. Demonstrations do not recruit exclusively a specific constituency with a clear social profile, but rather citizens from different social backgrounds and orientations. Moreover, our data suggest a gradual convergence between East and West Germany. },
  author = {Lahusen, Christian and Bleckmann, Lisa},
  doi = {10.1080/09644008.2015.1060414},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2015.1060414},
  journal = {German Politics},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {402-426},
  title = {Beyond the Ballot Box: Changing Patterns of Political Protest Participation in Germany (1974–2008)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2015.1060414},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2015
}

@article{brechon2018transmission,
  abstract = {Dans quelle mesure la religion se transmet-elle d’une génération à l’autre ? Quelle est la part d’évolution, de changement entre les parents et les enfants dans leurs attitudes religieuses ? Pour le montrer, cet article considère d’abord la carte de la religion majoritaire en Europe, qui donne à voir les ruptures du christianisme au cours du dernier millénaire. Les appartenances religieuses se sont donc apparemment très bien maintenues entre pays orthodoxes, protestants et catholiques. L’analyse des données des enquêtes European Values Studies (EVS) d’abord, International Social Survey programme (ISSP) ensuite, montre qu’un processus de sécularisation très important est en cours et que la religion ne se transmet plus aussi bien qu’autrefois ; c’est aujourd’hui l’irréligion qui se transmet le plus facilement, en tout cas dans les pays les plus sécularisés.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13161 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.3917/reof.156.0011},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4950 v2.3.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {9791090994072},
  journal = {Revue de l'OFCE},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {11-27},
  study-id = {ISSP200 ; ; EVS2008},
  title = {La transmission des pratiques et croyances religieuses d’une génération à l’autre [The transmission of religious practices and beliefs from one generation to the next]},
  url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-de-l-ofce-2018-2-page-11.htm},
  volume = 156,
  year = 2018
}

@book{fitzgerald2018close,
  abstract = {Who votes for radical right parties and why? This book argues that the increasing popularity of the radical right in Europe originates in community bonds: strong ties to one's locality motivate support for the radical right. These parties use nostalgic themes and symbolic politicking to idealize community, defend local autonomy, and ultimately draw local identity into the electoral realm. While other explanations of the radical right's popularity typify supporters as victims of macro-economic shifts and strains, the author's account explores people's day-to-day experiences that link local connections to political decisions. The analysis also raises questions about the political implications of different formal authority structures such as the level and nature of power devolved to local units. The localist model of radical right support illuminates the psychological, social, and institutional conditions and processes that render people's feelings about their cities, towns, and villages relevant for politics.},
  address = {Cambridge },
  author = {Fitzgerald, Jennifer},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1017/9781108377218},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  series = {Cambridge Studies in Public Opinion and Political Psychology},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Close to Home: Local Ties and Voting Radical Right in Europe},
  year = 2018
}

@book{davidov2011crosscultural,
  abstract = {Intended to bridge the gap between recent methodological advances and cross-cultural research, this interdisciplinary volume presents state-of-the-art strategies for analysing cross-cultural data. The methods are illustrated through applications based on cross-national datasets, including the latest waves of the European Social Survey. With a strong emphasis on the generalized latent variable approach, internationally recognised scholars from various disciplines explain how these methods function, how they can be applied in practice, and how they relate to other techniques discussed in the book. The volume provides syntax as well as graphical and verbal explanations, and a companion website offers selected datasets and syntax commands used in the analyses. Empirical applications from the behavioural and social sciences, relying on real datasets, demonstrate topics such as the validation of a resistance-to-change scale across samples from 17 countries, the testing of cross-national measurement invariance of social trust, the interplay between social structure, religiosity, values and social attitudes, and comparisons of anti-immigrant attitudes and religious orientations across European countries. The book is structured around key techniques within the generalized latent variable framework, including multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling, multilevel analysis, latent class analysis and item response theory. To facilitate dialogue across disciplines that often rely on different methodological traditions, a consistent framework is used to describe and apply each method, thereby helping to overcome methodological boundaries. While some chapters focus primarily on explaining core strategies and their relationship to other approaches, others centre on empirical applications addressing specific research questions, and several combine both elements. A summary table in the preface outlines for each chapter its content, statistical methods, analytical goals and the datasets employed. The book is designed for researchers, practitioners and advanced students engaged in cross-cultural research and is relevant to fields such as psychology, political science, sociology, education, marketing, economics, geography, criminology, psychometrics, epidemiology and public health, as well as to those with a particular interest in methodology; it is also suitable as a textbook for advanced courses in cross-cultural analysis.  address = {London}},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11449},
  editor = {Davidov, Eldad and Schmidt, Peter and Billiet, Jaak},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3910},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {European Association of methodology series},
  study = {EVS},
  study-id = {ISSP2003},
  title = {Cross-cultural analysis: methods and applications},
  year = 2011
}

@article{zavecz2015viktor,
  author = {Závecz, Gergő},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {LSE Blog},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Viktor Orbán’s views on the death penalty could push Hungary further to the margins of EU politics},
  url = {http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2015/06/03/viktor-orbans-views-on-the-death-penalty-could-push-hungary-further-to-the-margins-of-eu-politics/},
  year = 2015
}

@article{kavlin2017understanding,
  abstract = {We focus on three developed countries with mature democracies and a history of liberal values: United States, England and France. Almond and Verba emphasize the importance of political culture in sustaining or threatening democratic political structure. Thus, starting from the author’s original statement, this study will attempt to determine the extent to which political cultures and orientations are good predictors of new party allegiances and the relative stability of contemporary political systems. Is political culture as described by Almond and Verba a good predictor of current party allegiances and, furthermore, can it predict a possible shift in the political structure? This study will seek to verify two main hypothesis: H1. Political culture and orientation are good indicators of party allegiance trends; and H2. Political culture and orientation predict a possible shift in the political system itself. In the following section we will explain the foundations of Almond and Verba’s theory of political culture, offering a summary of the main concepts developed in The Civic Culture and their relevance to this particular study.},
  author = {Kavlin, Sofia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.22215/cria.v4i0.1186},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Carleton Review of International Affairs},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {17-44},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Understanding the Evolution of Political Cultures in France, England and U.S.A.},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/cria.v4i0.1186},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2017
}

@article{nn2018wertestudie,
  abstract = {Die Einstellung der Österreicher zu Arbeit und Beruf hat sich seit 1990 stark geändert. Angenehme Arbeitszeiten sind vielen besonders wichtig. },
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Die Presse},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Wertestudie: Arbeit ist Österreichern weniger wichtig},
  url = {https://diepresse.com/home/wirtschaft/eco1848/5521149/Wertestudie_Arbeit-ist-Oesterreichern-weniger-wichtig?from=suche.intern.portal#},
  year = 2018
}

@article{tincq2005lintrt,
  author = {Tincq, Henri},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Le Monde},
  keywords = {2005 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {L'intérêt pour la religion revient chez les jeunes (Yves Lambert, sociologue, chercheur au CNRS)},
  year = 2005
}

@phdthesis{castanhosilva2017contemporary,
  abstract = {Populists are considered the greatest challenge to liberal democracy today. Who are they, why are they successful, and what happens next? These are the three main questions addressed in this dissertation. Conceptually, it starts with an ideational definition, according to which populism is to be found in the realm of ideas. It combines praise of common people as a virtuous, homogeneous group, a belief in absolute popular sovereignty in politics, and despise of evil, conspiratorial elites. Based on that, theories suggest that the basic reason for these actors' success lies on an erosion of perceived legitimacy of state institutions. Multiple causes have been presented, which can lead to such a loss of confidence: political and economic crises, endemic corruption, elite collusion, and large-scale social transformations, to name a few. On the other hand, consequences of populism, especially at the attitudinal level, have been scarcely studied. Some have suggested that it might increase even more one's distrust in political institutions, it might influence participation, and can have an impact on tolerance. Research on this area, however, is still in its infancy. This thesis uses several methods to address these issues. In the first empirical chapter, I use content analysis to classify electoral manifestos and candidates' speeches from 146 parliamentary parties in 28 countries, mostly between 2010 and 2015, on a scale of how populist they are. These include most countries in Western Europe, South and North America. The next chapter turns to causes. With fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), I analyze what is behind populists' success across those cases at the country-level. Findings indicate two combinations of conditions: high corruption in Latin American democracies, and elite collusion in European ones. I proceed by testing these causes at the micro-level, using data from the World Values Survey for a sample of those countries (23). At the individual level, the best predictor of support for more populist parties is lack of trust in political institutions. From that, the next part investigates consequences. With similar models, we observe that populism seems to also decrease political trust, and has some impact on participation. Moreover, right-wing populism appears to cause an increase in intolerance. Given the importance of political trust on both sides of the coin, some pages are dedicated to disentangle the relationship between it and populism. I start by investigating this relation among populists in power, with a comparative case study of Bolivia and Ecuador. I find that elected populist leaders adapt their discourse to target actors who can be credibly framed as elites, remaining anti-elitist. And so do supporters, who follow leaders in redefining the elite and remain anti-establishment while being in favor of the government. Last but not least, I use various methods and data sources to identify the direction of causality between populism and trust as attitudes. Results indicate that, rather than a causal connection, the two seem to be manifestations of a common, more fundamental, psychological attribute. This thesis approaches the populist phenomenon from different sides, and concludes with recommendations on how to identify such actors, the contexts in which they rise, and what to expect once they are there.},
  author = {Castanho Silva, Bruno},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Contemporary Populism: Actors, Causes, and Consequences Across 28 Democracies},
  url = {https://pds.ceu.edu/sites/pds.ceu.hu/files/attachment/basicpage/478/castanhoesilvabruno-dissertation2017.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@article{nn2018wertestudie,
  abstract = {Wunsch nach "starkem Führer" in vergangenen zehn Jahren deutlich gesunken. Österreicher bleiben kritisch punkto Zuwanderung.},
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Kurier.at},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Wertestudie: Zufriedenheit mit Demokratie und Politik gestiegen},
  url = {https://kurier.at/politik/inland/wertestudie-zufriedenheit-mit-demokratie-und-politik-gestiegen/400152489},
  year = 2018
}

@article{vidalie2009tolrance,
  author = {Vidalie, Anne},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {L'Express},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {La tolérance, valeur en hausse },
  url = {https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/la-tolerance-valeur-en-hausse_756063.html},
  year = 2009
}

@article{ugur2020having,
  abstract = {This study investigates the effect of having children on parents’ life satisfaction and happiness in Europe. We utilize four waves of the European Values Survey (EVS) from 1981 to 2008. To identify causality, we use instrumental variables estimation. We exploit time and country level variation in five family policies as instruments for having children. For parents who have had children due to the generosity of family policies, having children increases parent’s life satisfaction by 0.33–0.41 points on a 10 point scale. This effect is significantly more pronounced when parents are over the age of 50. Yet, children’s effects on life satisfaction and happiness is negative for single and full-time working parents. The positive effect of having children on life satisfaction and happiness has substantially eroded over the EVS waves which explains the reductions in the fertility rate in Europe.},
  author = {Ugur, Zeynep B.},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-019-00135-5},
  issn = {1389-4978},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1385-1406},
  study = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Does Having Children Bring Life Satisfaction in Europe?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00135-5},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2020
}

@article{roex2017social,
  abstract = {Why are the unemployed particularly unhappy in some societies? According to the social norm theory of unemployment, the well-being of the non-employed is lower in countries with a strong social norm to work because of the greater stigma attached to unemployment. In this study, a social norm to work has been defined as the extent to which people expect others to work: do people think the unemployed should take any job they are offered, or should they have a right to refuse? The combined world and European values study and the European social survey were used to test the theory. Multilevel analyses show that---net of one's own norm and other measures of the social norm to work, such as one's personal work ethic---the well-being of unemployed men is lower in countries with a strong social norm to work, in particular that of the long-term unemployed. Overall, it appears that the social norm to work still weighs more heavily upon men than women.},
  author = {Roex, Karlijn L. A. and Rözer, Jesper J.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-017-1723-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Social Norm to Work and the Well-Being of the Short- and Long-Term Unemployed},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1723-0},
  year = 2017
}

@mastersthesis{seinen2018selfinterest,
  author = {Seinen, Pieter},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0.},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 81,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Self-interest or beliefs? A Multilevel Analysis of Support for Wealth Redistribution across countries },
  url = {https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/123456789/6005/Seinen%2C_P_1.pdf?sequence=1},
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{sackmann2017bewusste,
  abstract = {In Kap. 6 wird eine Reihe interner und aktuell externer Gründe besprochen, warum und wann eine bewusste Auseinandersetzung mit Unternehmenskultur notwendig wird. Zu den internen Gründen gehören schnelles Wachstum, Stagnation, ein Führungswechsel wie auch strategische Allianzen, Firmenzusammenschlüsse sowie eine Internationalisierung. Von den externen Gründen werden der gesellschaftliche Wertewandel, die digitale Transformation sowie politische Unsicherheiten behandelt. All diese Situationen erfordern eine bewusste Auseinandersetzung mit der vorhandenen Unternehmenskultur.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Sackmann, Sonja},
  booktitle = {Unternehmenskultur: Erkennen - Entwickeln - Verändern: Erfolgreich durch kulturbewusstes Management},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-18634-0_6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-18634-0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {169-206},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Wann ist eine bewusste Auseinandersetzung mit der Unternehmenskultur besonders wichtig?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18634-0_6},
  year = 2017
}

@article{schnabel2017religion,
  abstract = {Der Artikel adressiert die Frage, wie individuelle Religiosität und Wohlfahrtsstaatlichkeit zu einander relationiert sind. Die Mitgliedsstaaten der EU unterscheiden sich massiv hinsichtlich der Ausgestaltung ihrer Wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Systeme, dennoch lässt sich Wohlfahrtsstaatlichkeit nach wie vor als trade mark europäischer Sozialmodelle verstehen. Historisch aus den Auseinandersetzungen zwischen gouvernementaler Bürokratie und Kirche während der Nationalstaatsbildung entstanden, hängt die Legitimation der heutigen Wohlfahrtssysteme nicht zuletzt von deren Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung ab. Diese Akzeptanz und ihre religiöse Beeinflussung soll auf der Basis der Daten des European Value Study (EVS 2008) für die Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union ausgeleuchtet werden. Dabei soll insbesondere untersucht werden, wie Religion als länderspezifischer Kontext (in Form von Majoritätsverhältnissen und dem Staat-Religions-Verhältnis) und als individuelle Religiosität (Konfessionszugehörigkeit, Kirchgangshäufigkeit und Identität) die Akzeptanz sowohl staatlicher Umverteilung als auch staatlicher Steuererhebung beeinflussen. Auf der Basis einer Mehrebenenanalyse kommt die Untersuchung zu dem Ergebnis, dass sowohl individuelle Religiosität als auch gesellschaftliche religiöse Majoritätsverhältnisse trotz starker Säkularisierung in Europa nach wie vor einen Effekt auf die Akzeptanz von Umverteilung und Besteuerung haben.},
  author = {Schnabel, Annette},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 2,
  pages = {211-327},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religion und Wohlfahrtsstaat in Europa - eine ambivalente Liaison},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2017
}

@techreport{scherpenzeel2017sampling,
  abstract = {Obtaining good probability samples is a key challenge for European cross-national studies in order to represent the population. This report gives an overview of the sampling frames which are used in countries participating in the four cross-European surveys cooperating in SERISS: the European Social Survey (ESS), the European Values Study (EVS), the Gender and Generations Program (GGP), and the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The overview will show where possibilities exist to jointly build and share sampling frames and where studies not using an existing population register can profit from the experience of other studies which do have access to such a register in the same country. It provides a valuable knowledge database of national sampling procedures and accessible population registers across Europe and in addition offers a way to improve harmonization of sampling frames and sample data across European surveys.},
  author = {Scherpenzeel, Annette and Maineri, Angelica M. and Bristle, Johanna and Pflüger, Senta-Melissa and Mindarova, Ilziya and Butt, Sarah and Zins, Stefan and Emery, Tom and Luijkx, Ruud},
  institution = {Deliverable 2.1 of the SERISS project funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme GA No: 654221},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english techreport},
  pages = 32,
  title = {The use of sampling frames in European studies},
  url = {http://seriss.eu/_wpsite/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/SERISS-Deliverable-2.1-Report-on-the-use-of-sampling-frames-in-European-studies.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@article{mueller2017microsimulation,
  abstract = {This article presents a new approach to the comparison of the meaning of social or political key terms in different national contexts. Instead of relying on classical statistical instruments such as t-tests of the mean attitudes, the author proposes to analyze value conflicts between the mentioned groups. In international surveys like the European Values Study (EVS) the related conflict data are not directly available but can be generated by microsimulation: for this purpose the article proposes to look at the value differences of randomly matched artificial pairs of respondents. The resulting dyadic data-records correspond to simulated virtual encounters of persons with the same or different opinions about a political issue. In this way it becomes possible to measure the amount and the thematic focus of the value conflicts between the protagonists of a key term in different countries: the absence of conflicts between these groups points to the same meaning of the key term, whereas dissent about its attributes is an indicator of semantic differences. The benchmark for assessing these international inter-group conflicts are the national intra-group conflicts, which are generally underestimated. Consequently, an application of the proposed method to an artificial dataset with systematically varying statistical properties suggests that the traditional t-tests of mean attitudes overestimate the international group differences. By considering the internal ideological variation of the compared groups we probably get a more realistic assessment of their international similarities and differences. Thus we dare to tackle with the proposed virtual encounter method a real world problem: the comparative analysis of the values of the political left in Sweden, France, and the UK on the basis of attitudes gathered in the European Values Study (2008). A major result is that income equality is revealed to be an important common value of the political left in the three countries mentioned. Finally, the article points to the possibility of comparing different intra-national groups with regard to their ideologies. By the virtual encounter method it is possible to focus the analysis on a particular country and compare e.g. its national parties or different generations of partisans.},
  author = {Mueller, Georg P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {1234-9224},
  journal = {Ask. Research & Methods},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {61-80},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {On the Use of Microsimulation for Investigating Ideological Dissent: Exemplary Analyses of the Values of the European Political Left },
  url = {https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/81931/ASK_2017_61_80.pdf},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2017
}

@article{mikucka2016satisfaction,
  abstract = {This investigation examined whether the life satisfaction advantage of married over unmarried people decreased over the past 3 decades and whether the changes in contextual gender specialization explained this trend. Contextual gender specialization was defined as a country-year-specific share of married women who fully specialize in household work. The author used representative data from the World Values Survey–European Values Study integrated data set for 87 countries (N = 292,525) covering a period of 29 years (1981–2009). The results showed that the life satisfaction advantage of being married decreased over time among men but not among women. Furthermore, the decline of contextual gender specialization correlated with this trend in developed but not in developing countries. In developed countries the life satisfaction of unmarried people increased as the contextual gender specialization declined, whereas the life satisfaction of married people was not affected.},
  author = {Mikucka, Małgorzata},
  doi = {10.1111/jomf.12290},
  issn = {1741-3737},
  journal = {Journal of Marriage and Family},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {759-779},
  publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc.},
  title = {The Life Satisfaction Advantage of Being Married and Gender Specialization},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12290},
  volume = 78,
  year = 2016
}

@book{kettani2019world,
  abstract = {The birth of Islam over fourteen centuries ago was a monumental event in human history with an everlasting effect on humanity. For centuries, researchers have contemplated the growth and distribution of Muslims throughout the world. This book presents a reliable estimate of the world Muslim population since the inception of Islam at the start of the seventh century to the end of the twenty-first century. In this book, the world is divided into five continents, each of which is further divided into non-overlapping regions, and these in turn are divided into current countries. A centennial data estimate for each region and current country from 600 AD to 2100 AD (approximately 1 H to 1500 H) of the total population, and the corresponding Muslim population and its percentage are provided. Furthermore, the same data in decennial order from 1790 to 2100 (or 1210 H to 1520 H) are provided for each region and country. These data are summarized to be an accurate reference for other studies and discussions related to the Muslim population. Written for demographers, researchers, historians, as well as general readers, this book is an essential reference to all aspects of the world Muslim population.},
  address = {Singapore},
  author = {Kettani, Houssain},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Jenny Stanford Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The World Muslim Population: Spatial and Temporal Analyses},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{lopez2017frequency,
  author = {López, Rebeca Padilla},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 35,
  school = {Uppsala University},
  title = {Word Frequency as a
Predictor of Word Intensity},
  url = {http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1114121/FULLTEXT01.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{tatar2019balkans,
  abstract = {Transitions to democracy and EU integration processes in post-communist Europe have been accompanied by relatively low levels of protest mobilisation. However, in recent years, new waves of protests have emerged in the region, ranging from mass demonstrations to organised strikes and riots. The rise in elite-challenging activity suggests a revival of protest politics in former communist countries in the current economic crisis. This chapter comparatively examines the dynamics and determinants of different forms of protest activity in Southeast Europe.1 Drawing on theoretical insights derived from the literature on political behaviour and social movements, this chapter analyses the profile of different types of protesters and the factors that may account for their preference for certain forms of protest actions over others. Research on Southeast Europe often investigates citizen participation from a cross-national perspective at a single point in time, with special emphasis on aspects of electoral participation. This study follows a longitudinal approach that captures the dynamic phenomena of protest participation using statistical analysis of survey datasets (such as the regularly published European Values Surveys and World Values Surveys) that allow for comparisons over time both cross-nationally and within a single country. Besides assessing the effects of individual-level variables, the chapter also considers country-level contextual factors such as the levels of democratic and economic development.},
  address = {London and New York},
  author = {Tatar, Marius I.},
  booktitle = {Social Movements in the Balkans: Rebellion and Protest from Maribor to Taksim},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Bieber, Florian and Brentin, Dario},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {9781315167985},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {131-157},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Are the Balkans different? Mapping protest politics in post-communist Southeastern Europe},
  year = 2019
}

@article{gugushvili2017change,
  abstract = {Regime change experienced in post-communist societies is of great significance for research in social stratification and mobility. Nonetheless, the existing literature does not provide a clear answer if cross-national differences in social mobility are determined by communist legacies or by the divergent paths these countries followed in their transition to the capitalist system. It is hypothesised that higher income inequality and an overall decline in material wellbeing would increase the importance of parental economic capital, whereas the relative role of parental cultural capital in offspring’s life chances would decline. For 24 societies in Central and Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus, I find evidence on the decisive role of social origins, particularly parental education, in predicting individuals’ educational and occupational attainment. However, significant and systematic changes in intergenerational social mobility from pre- to post-transitional cohorts are not observed. The derived findings are robust to alternative specifications of social origins and destinations. Arguably, differences in intergenerational links between parents’ and offspring’s socio-economic status resulted from historical discrepancies in the communist period rather than the consequences of idiosyncratic developments in post-communist transition.},
  author = {Gugushvili, Alexi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rssm.2017.10.004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0276-5624},
  journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {59-71},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Change or continuity? Intergenerational social mobility and post-communist transition},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/articlepiiS0276562416302104},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2017
}

@mastersthesis{pavlovova2018determinants,
  abstract = {This work examines the reported life satisfaction in the Czech Republic over the period between 1991 and 2016. The relationships between various individual characteristics and reported life satisfaction are analysed using the ordinary least squares and the results are compared across time. This work extends the existing literature not only by providing a more up-to-date analysis of the correlates of life satisfaction in the Czech Republic but also by analysing them in a wider time horizon. Some relationships were found rather stable over the considered period (for example, those associated with health, satisfaction with institutions or with political beliefs). Even though higher education and higher income were not strictly associated with higher satisfaction, the differences in satisfaction of individuals belonging to the lower and upper deciles of income are significant throughout the whole period. On the other hand, some associations have changed substantially over time (e.g. those related to being a student). Contrary to the existing literature on the period of transition, life satisfaction in the Czech Republic appears to be U-shaped in age during the whole considered period including the 90s. However, the turning points and the exact shape of the relationship changed over time.},
  author = {Pavlovová, Anna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 70,
  school = {Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Determinants of Life Satisfaction in the Czech Republic and their Development over Time [Determinanty životní spokojenosti v České republice a jejich vývoj v čase bakalářská práce]},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/98876},
  year = 2018
}

@book{soper2018religion,
  abstract = {It is difficult to imagine forces in the modern world as potent as nationalism and religion. Both provide people with a source of meaning, each has motivated individuals to carry out extraordinary acts of heroism and cruelty, and both serve as the foundation for communal and personal identity. While the subject has received both scholarly and popular attention, this distinctive book is the first comparative study to examine the origins and development of three distinct models: religious nationalism, secular nationalism, and civil-religious nationalism. Using multiple methods, the authors develop a new theoretical framework that can be applied across diverse countries and religious traditions to understand the emergence, development, and stability of different church-state arrangements over time. The work combines public opinion, constitutional, and content analysis of the United States, Israel, India, Greece, Uruguay, and Malaysia, weaving together historical and contemporary illustrations.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Soper, J. Christopher and Fetzer, Joel S.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.12312},
  doi = {10.1017/9781316995280},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA3910 ; ZA5950},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013},
  title = {Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316995280},
  year = 2018
}

@article{pachulia2018drugs,
  author = {Pachulia, Merab},
  journal = {The Financial},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {No Sex, but Drugs and rock & roll},
  url = {https://finchannel.com/opinion/73658-no-sex-but-drugs-and-rock-roll},
  year = 2018
}

@article{lomazzi2017gender,
  abstract = {Considering gender role attitudes as part of a broader cultural change related to the modernization process, this study adopts a path-dependency approach to analyze the support for the role of women in the public sphere in Italy since 1988. Modernization processes varied across Italian regions and the paper explores how different gender patterns developed accordingly. Using pooled data from European Values Survey, World Values Survey, and International Social Survey Program, the author assesses if this specific change is part of the postmaterialist shift and investigates the mechanisms of change carrying out cohort decomposition methods. The results address a reinforcement of traditionalism mainly due to the period effect that shows regional differences given by history. },
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.1700 ; 10.4232/1.2620},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2017.1318330},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1318330},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 ; ZA1700 ; ZA2620},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {370-395},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP1988 ; ISSP1994},
  title = {Gender role attitudes in Italy: 1988–2008. A path-dependency story of traditionalism},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1318330},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2017
}

@mastersthesis{gewecke2017complicated,
  abstract = {The European Union’s climate mitigation is highly dependent on member state compliance with EU climate policy. This paper therefore investigates the effect of different factors on national compliance with the EU’s emission target of a 20 percent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 compared to 1990. This target is further divided into additional ones, covering different sectors: a 21 percent reduction of greenhouse gases by 2020 compared to 2005 in the sectors covered by the Emissions Trading System (ETS), and differentiated targets for each member state under the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) during the same period. Common operationalizations of compliance in quantitative research are associated with problems since the available data mostly concern policy output. This paper measures compliance in terms of outcome instead, by comparing the emission targets to the actual reductions made by the member states. The results indicate that compliance with the nation-specific targets in the ESD sector is mostly decided by how much a state is required to reduce their emissions. Regarding the ETS target, compliance appears somewhat likelier in member states where a larger share of citizens are members of an environmental organization, and a little more unlikely in states where the industry contributes economically with a larger share of GDP.},
  author = {Gewecke, Hanne},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  school = {Uppsala University, Department of Government, Political Science C  },
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {It’s Complicated: A quantitative analysis explaining member state compliance with the EU’s 2020 emission target},
  type = {Bachelor thesis},
  url = {http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1174044/FULLTEXT01.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@article{schnabel2015religious,
  abstract = {The relationship of religion and Europe most often evokes two theses: (i) Europe is widely considered as a secular continent and (ii) its nation-states and institutions are shaped by confessional cultures going back to different denominations. Both theses are supported by scientific master narratives that are intertwined with ideas about the particular path of European modernity. A closer empirical look on the basis of the European Values Survey 2008 data discloses that these two narratives do not mirror the complex reality of religion in Europe. Religion still matters in Europe but is moderated by country-specific characteristics of the church-state-relation and denominational homogeneity. The classical gap between Catholicism and Protestantism seems to be lost. Our analysis is a contribution to a more complex understanding of how religion still shapes Europe and identities in Europe.},
  author = {Schnabel, Annette and Grötsch, Florian},
  doi = {10.1007/s11577-014-0295-0},
  issn = {1861-891X},
  journal = {KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article german},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-25},
  title = {The Religious Argument in Europe: The Explanation Aggregate of Religion and National Identity in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11577-014-0295-0},
  volume = 67,
  year = 2015
}

@techreport{kolczynska2014survey,
  abstract = {Papers in the CONSIRT Working Papers Series are pre-publication versions of the author(s)’ academic work. Working Papers posted on consirt.osu.edu are in progress, under submission, or forthcoming. Working Papers are produced on this site by the author(s) for the consumption of the international scientific community and others interested in this work. CONSIRT Working Papers are not subject to double-blind peer review. CONSIRT reviewed the Working Paper submission for general suitability, but the quality of the Working Paper itself is the responsibility of the author(s). The form and content of papers are the responsibility of individual authors. The cover sheet is standard across all papers (subject to change), but the format of the rest of the work is not standardized. Comments on papers or questions about their content should be sent directly to the author, at his or her email address.},
  address = {Columbus},
  author = {Kolczynska, Marta and Schoene, Matthew},
  institution = {Ohio State University},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro techreport},
  pages = 27,
  series = {CONSIRT Working Papers Series},
  study = {ISSP 1985-2011 ; EVS1981-2008 ; Eurobarometer 1983-2012},
  title = {Survey Data Harmonization and the Quality of Data Documentation in Cross-National Surveys},
  url = {http://consirt.osu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/CONSIRT-Working-Papers-Series-3-Schoene-and-Kolczynska.pdf},
  year = 2014
}

@article{hayward2015aging,
  abstract = {Religious change has been studied from the perspectives of both individual development and societal progress, but a lack of long-term longitudinal data has limited the capacity to examine them simultaneously. This study uses repeated cross-sectional data from the World Values Survey/European Values Study, covering 80 nations over the period from 1981 to 2013 to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on mean changes in the subjective importance of God and attendance at religious services. A cross-classified mixed model approach was used, examining both random effects indicating between-country differences in these changes and fixed factors unifying them in a broader framework. Older age was associated with greater personal and organizational religious involvement in a large majority of societies, but the strength of this association differed by culture, with the largest mean effects occurring in Western nations. Period effects were detected in many cultural areas but were very heterogeneous in direction and magnitude. Period changes were related to national wealth, with increase in per capita gross domestic product being related to declines in mean religious involvement. Cohort effects were in evidence in relatively few societies. These results indicate that both individual aging processes and changes in the material environment may influence changes in religious involvement, in keeping with both psychological and sociological theory, but that culture also plays a role in the nature and speed of these changes.},
  author = {Hayward, R. David and Krause, Neal},
  doi = {10.1177/0022022115597066},
  eprint = {http://jcc.sagepub.com/content/46/8/979.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {979-995},
  title = {Aging, Social Developmental, and Cultural Factors in Changing Patterns of Religious Involvement Over a 32-Year Period: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis of 80 Countries},
  url = {http://jcc.sagepub.com/content/46/8/979.abstract},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2015
}

@article{verbakel2015mantelzorgers,
  abstract = {This study answers the question why some individuals are informal caregivers and others are not, and why some informal caregivers spend more hours on their caregiving task than others. In particular, it studies the role of paid work, generosity of formal health care and the presence of a strong care norm in the country. Results were based on multilevel analyses on the European Quality of Life Survey 2012 (30,999 respondents of whom 4,377 were informal caregivers). On average, 14.6% of the population aged 18 to 65 in European countries were informal caregivers, and they spent on average 12.3 hours a week on informal caregiving. Generally, paid work was negatively related to (intensive) informal caregiving. Fulltimers were found to be informal caregiver less often than parttimers and housewives, but equally often as retired, unemployed, disabled people. Within the group of informal caregivers, fulltimers spent fewer hours on caregiving than parttimers; housewives and retired people spent most hours on caregiving. A generous health care system and a strong family norm in a country did not correlate with the odds of being an informal caregiver, but were significantly related to intensity of informal caregiving: generosity of health care related negatively and a strong family norm related positively with the intensity of informal caregiving.},
  author = {Verbakel, C.M.C.},
  issn = {0169-2216},
  journal = {Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {468-490},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Mantelzorgers in Europa. De rol van betaalde arbeid, generositeit van de gezondheidszorg en nationale normen omtrent zorggedrag [Informal caregivers in Europe: The role of paid work, generosity of formal health care and national care norms]},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2015
}

@article{arnorsson2018causes,
  abstract = {We analyse the voting pattern in the June 23rdreferendum on the continued participation of the United Kingdom in the European Union and evaluate the reasons for the results. We find that output, education and the share of older people at the regional level can explain attitudes towards immigrants and the European Union. Thus, regions where GDP per capita is low, a high proportion of people has low education, a high proportion is over the age of 65 and there is strong net immigration are more likely to be apprehensive of the European Union, be suspicious of immigrants and not want them as neighbours and, most importantly, to vote for Brexit. The fear of immigration does not seem to be fully justified in terms of the literature on the labour market effects of immigrants in the UK. Using the British Election Study, we find similar results. Thus negative attitudes towards immigration and EU enlargement are correlated with voting for Brexit using data on individuals.},
  author = {Arnorsson, Agust and Zoega, Gylfi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2018.02.001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0176-2680},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {301-323},
  study-id = {ISSP2008},
  title = {On the causes of Brexit},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0176268016302701},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2018
}

@article{soon2017flags,
  abstract = {Purpose: Even though Europe has recently undergone a difficult time and is recovering from the aftermath of prevalent unemployment, immigrants are still flocking towards Europe and taking up citizenships of their host countries through naturalisation. This paper looks at the how naturalised immigrants fare in terms of income and employment chances, compared to immigrants. Design/methodology/approach: Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design and the 2008 European Values Study integrated dataset with a final sample of 4,460 observations, this paper isolates the causal effect of naturalisation on the income and employment chances of immigrants by exploiting exogenous variations generated by the eligibility rules for naturalisation in 41 European countries. Findings: Main findings show that (i) the probability of being naturalised increases for eligible immigrants, (ii) income and employment chances increase for eligible immigrants, and (iii) income and employment chances increase for naturalised immigrants. Research limitations/implications This study has a data limitation, where in using the discontinuity design, there is an unbalanced number of observations to the left and right of the design’s threshold value. Originality/value: There are limited studies using causal models or potential outcome frameworks to examine the effect of immigrant naturalisation on labour market outcomes in Europe. This study fills this gap. },
  author = {Soon, Jan-Jan},
  doi = {10.1108/IJSE-06-2015-0179},
  eprint = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdf/10.1108/IJSE-06-2015-0179},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Economics},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Flags and anthems: naturalisation effects on income and employment},
  url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/IJSE-06-2015-0179},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2017
}

@inproceedings{matei2017crosscultural,
  abstract = {Today’s young generation is a challenge for HR specialists everywhere. The generation that lives life trough the Smartphone screen is the subject of debates and studies in numerous areas of the social and economic life. As teachers, we realize that it is increasingly difficult to make students get involved, while companies complain that young people do not want to work. The purpose of this 
cross-cultural study is to identify to what extent the cultural factor influences the attitude towards work and what and if there are the common characteristics of young employees that cross over cultural boundaries. For this purpose, an intercultural study on work attitude was conducted in six countries: Hungary, India, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, and Sweden. A part of the study was discusses in depth in a previous paper, so, within this paper we will mainly focus on the similarities and differences between the young generations of the six countries. We found that, although the cultural factor accounts for the differences in perception of the studied generations, there are also some similarities one might consider universal in today’s young generation. Research findings and limitations are discussed.},
  author = {Matei, Mirabela-Constanta and Abrudan, Maria-Madela},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Management Conference “The Role of Management in the Economic Paradigm of the XXIst Century”, November 2nd-4th, 2017, Bucharest, Romania},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Cross-Cultural Study on the Attitude Towards Work of Young Employees },
  url = {http://conference.management.ase.ro/archives/2017/pdf/4_18.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@article{nn2000francais,
  author = {N.N},
  day = 17,
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Sud Ouest},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  month = {November},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Les Francais heureux},
  year = 2000
}

@article{westle2015german,
  abstract = {"The article analyses Germans' views of democracy in a longitudinal perspective, especially since unification. It is shown that most Germans in both parts of the country strongly support the idea of democracy although many are at the same time dissatisfied with its practice. This dissatisfaction rests on different motives, ranging from high normative democratic ideals over differences between the normative concept of democracy and the implemented one, including misconceptions of what democracy should or can be to anti-democratic attitudes. At present, Germany faces all these motives of dissatisfaction with democracy, yet in different strata and parts of the society. On the one hand, support for democracy suffers somewhat from declining interest in politics in general, which makes citizens unrealistic about political possibilities and their limits. On the other hand, feelings of economic deprivation, especially in the eastern part, still motivate sceptical views on the western kind of democracy and even in smaller parts of the public an alienation from the democratic credo. Growing inequalities throughout the whole of Germany, especially growing poverty in the lowest social strata, will cause additional systems stress, if it is not moderated by the social welfare system. Thus, the country needs more education in democratic politics for the citizens and more responsive politics on the side of the politicians including more open political structures for citizens' demands and participation."Als Datengrundlage für die Analyse dienen neben anderen Datenquellen die ALLBUS-Datensätze von 1980 bis 2008.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 30. Fassung, März 2016},
  addurl = {file://J:\Work\Allbus\ALLBUS\Bibliographie\Bibliographie 30. Fassung\aufgenommene PDFs\Westle(2015).pdf},
  author = {Westle, Bettina},
  availability = {15.07.2015},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10853 ; 10.4232/1.10855 ; 10.4232/1.10861 ; 10.4232/1.10862 ; 10.4232/1.10871 ; 10.4232/1.10866 ; 10.4232/1.10867 ; 10.4232/1.10874 ; 10.4232/1.10876 ; 10.4232/1.10880 ; 10.4232/1.10881 ; 10.4232/1.10884 ; 10.4232/1.10885 ; 10.4232/1.10898 ; 10.4232/1.10888 ; 10.4232/1.10889 ; 10.4232/1.10890 ; 10.4232/1.10895 ; 10.4232/1.10848 ; 10.4232/1.10905 ; 10.4232/1.10908 ; 10.4232/1.10913 ; 10.4232/1.10926 ; 10.4232/1.10929 ; 10.4232/1.10931 ; 10.4232/1.10933 ; 10.4232/1.11378 ; 10.4232/1.10946 ; 10.4232/1.10955 ; 10.4232/1.10958 ; 10.4232/1.10968 ; 10.4232/1.10988 ; 10.4232/1.11141 ; 10.4232/1.12007 ; 10.4232/1.12718 ; 10.4232/1.12768 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1080/09644008.2015.1060962},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA0628 ; ZA0987 ; ZA0991 ; ZA0992 ; ZA1207 ; ZA1036 ; ZA1037 ; ZA1318 ; ZA1319 ; ZA1541 ; ZA1542 ; ZA1712 ; ZA1713 ; ZA2041 ; ZA1750 ; ZA1751 ; ZA1752 ; ZA2031 ; ZA2081 ; ZA2346 ; ZA2459 ; ZA2637 ; ZA2936 ; ZA2959 ; ZA3171 ; ZA3204 ; ZA3626 ; ZA3627 ; ZA3904 ; ZA3938 ; ZA4411 ; ZA4565 ; ZA4994 ; ZA5567 ; ZA5689 ; ZA5876 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  journal = {German Politics},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {317-353},
  study-id = {ALLBUS1980 ; ALLBUS1982 ; ALLBUS1984 ; ALLBUS1986 ; ALLBUS1988 ; ALLBUS1990 ; ALLBUS1991 ; ALLBUS1992 ; ALLBUS1994 ; ALLBUS1996 ; ALLBUS1998 ; ALLBUS2000 ; ALLBUS2002 ; ALLBUS2004 ; ALLBUS2006 ; ALLBUS2008 ; European Communities Study 1973 ; EB3 ; EB7 ; EB8 ; EB16 ; EB11 ; EB12 ; EB19 ; EB20 ; EB23 ; EB24 ; EB27 ; EB28 ; EB28.1 ; EB31 ; EB31A ; EB32 ; EB35.0 ; EB36 ; EB39.0 ; EB40 ; EB43.1 ; EB47.1 ; EB48.0 ; EB51.0 ; EB52.0 ; EB56.1 ; EB56.2 ; EB59.1 ; EB60.1 ; EB63.4 ; EB68.1 ; EB72.4 ; EB76.3 ; EB79.3 ; EB80.1 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {German Views of the Political System},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2015.1060962},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2015
}

@article{rodriguezjusticia2018education,
  abstract = {While the determinants of tax morale have been widely studied in the literature, surprisingly, the fundamental influence of education on tax morale has yet to be investigated. Given the insights from the psychological and political science literature about the role of education in the formation of social values, in this paper, we analyze two channels through which education shapes tax morale. We find that education has a positive impact on tax morale for those individuals that are net beneficiaries of the welfare state, and a negative impact for those that are net contributors. Furthermore, our results indicate that the more highly educated because of their better knowledge on public affairs exhibit higher levels of tax morale in countries that have better quality public services, a fairer tax system and higher quality institutions.},
  author = {Rodriguez-Justicia, David and Theilen, Bernd},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1016/j.joep.2017.10.001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0167-4870},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Psychology},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {18-48},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Education and tax morale},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487016307140},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2018
}

@techreport{ramsenthaler2019integrated,
  abstract = {GESIS is currently working to establish an “Integrated Data and Survey Infrastructure” (IEDI), which bundles the following long-term survey programs: the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS), the Comparative Candidate Survey (CCS), the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES), the German Survey of the European Social Survey (ESS), the European Values Study (EVS), the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES), the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), and the GESIS panel. The goal of the IEDI is to capitalize on administrative, methodological and substantive synergies be-tween the survey programs. This report documents the results of two milestones, which were defined by GESIS to reach substantive synergies related to the content of survey programs. First, for the survey programs included in the IEDI we conducted a stocktaking of the hitherto covered topics and their survey dates. Second, an inventory of sociodemographic variables was drawn up, which documents the survey instruments currently used in all participating studies and the differences between them. With this overview we would like to support the researchers who use the data of survey programs to more easily acquire information on the included topics. On a more abstract value, we also provide researchers with an overview of the landscape of topics collected by these survey programs. In addition, we would like to support survey programs and their boards in the decisions on which new data should be collected, which contents could be focused on and where there are redundancies which can be avoided. Greater coordination between the survey programs would also help to make them more comparable and thus facilitate combining several surveys as data sources to answer research questions. In the following, we provide a description of survey programs included in our overview. We will also outline our approach to creating a category system to classify the substantive items of these survey programs. Next, we present aggregated overviews of the substantive topics included in the survey programs. Then we move on to an overview of the sociodemographic variables covered by the survey programs. Lastly, we discuss implications for the practice and present our next steps.},
  address = {Köln},
  author = {Ramsenthaler, Christina and Singh, Ranjit and Menold, Natalja},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2019/02},
  pages = 24,
  publisher = {GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften},
  series = {GESIS Papers},
  title = {Integrated Data and Survey Infrastructure (IEDI) at GESIS: Report "An overview of survey topics and socio-demographic variables in the survey programs of the IEDI"},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-61969-3},
  year = 2019
}

@article{katsanidou2015party,
  abstract = {Although the study of the relationship between political confidence and political participation has produced contradictory results thus far, it has established, nevertheless, that this relationship depends on the exact nature of the participation: voting, party engagement and protesting. On the basis of these findings, to further specify the nature of this relationship, we make a second distinction between confidence in representative and implementing institutions. We assume that context matters, so our multi-level approach includes individual level data from the 1999 to 2001 and 2008 to 2010 waves of the European Values Study (EVS), as well as national-level data. Our results show that different types of confidence in institutions have unique effects on these three modes of participation and that these findings hold over the last decade. While confidence in parliament is the key to the elite-driven modes of participation, grassroots-driven modes are triggered by a lack of confidence in the implementing institutions.},
  author = {Katsanidou, Alexia and Eder, Christina},
  doi = {10.1057/cep.2015.27},
  issn = {1740-388X},
  journal = {Comparative European Politics},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Vote, party, or protest: The influence of confidence in political institutions on various modes of political participation in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/cep.2015.27},
  year = 2015
}

@article{mazzucchelli2016etica,
  author = {Mazzucchelli, Sara and Lomazzi, Vera},
  doi = {10.3280/SP2016-001007},
  issn = {1972-5116},
  journal = {Sociologia e politiche sociali},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {127-160},
  title = {Etica e ricerca sociologica : neutralità o impegno verso i valori? : analisi di un caso esemplificativo : l'european values study},
  year = 2016
}

@article{kluknavska2019about,
  abstract = {This study examines political communication of the extreme right on social media in Central and Eastern Europe. It presents the case of the political party, Kotleba–People’s Party Our Slovakia (ĽSNS) on Facebook between 2013 and 2015. It investigates the party’s visibility and content of communication and the characteristics of active Facebook supporters in the context of political and discursive opportunity structures. The party utilized the politics of “Othering” through dissemination of populist and nativist frames, while using the platform for self-organization. Their discourse was spread through networks of active fans connected to pages disseminating anti-elite, nationalistic and “alternative” content.},
  author = {Kluknavská, Alena and Hruška, Matej},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/10758216.2018.1500861},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {10758216},
  journal = {Problems of Post-Communism},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {59-70},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {We Talk about the “Others” and You Listen Closely},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2018.1500861},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2019
}

@article{gosselin2018relationships,
  abstract = {Many empirical studies have analyzed the relationship between human activity and the environment. Some of these have focused on the potentially negative impacts of human activity on the environment while others have tried to identify the socio-political variables that could be at play in this relationship. Herein, we used well-adapted statistical methods to study the relationship between human activity and biodiversity in Europe at the country level. We worked with classical biodiversity indicators (two state indicators, two pressure indicators and one response indicator) on the one hand, and socio-economic variables on the other hand. We found strong relationships between economic variables and both pressure indicators (related to soil sealing) and state indicators (related to the proportion of extinct and threatened species). However, there was no relationship between economic variables and the response indicator (related to the proportion of protected area). We did find significant relationships between biodiversity and some sociological variables: in particular, interpersonal trust, which is known to favor economic prosperity, improved biodiversity levels. However, the best models all included economic variables. Our results cast a new light on an old issue: first, they reveal that the spatial density of human activity – either through economic growth or population levels – is a key variable that is positively related to land sealing levels and to both past and current biodiversity erosion; they also show that the impact of the spatial density of human activity on biodiversity state indicators tends to decelerate – but not to decrease – as the spatial density of human activity increases. Our results clearly indicate that the spatial density of human activity should be part of any political analyses related to biodiversity – including systems of biodiversity indicators. Our results also reveal the need for further studies involving these metrics. They also emphasize the tension between policy objectives related to economic growth and biodiversity preservation. Yet, they indicate that increasing social trust, which seems to favor both economic growth and biodiversity levels, might provide a solution.},
  author = {Gosselin, Frédéric and Callois, Jean-Marc},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.010},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {1470-160X},
  journal = {Ecological Indicators},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {356-365},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Relationships between human activity and biodiversity in Europe at the national scale: Spatial density of human activity as a core driver of biodiversity erosion},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X18301559},
  volume = 90,
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{hoelscher2015vergleiche,
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Hoelscher, Michael},
  booktitle = {Empirische Kultursoziologie: Festschrift für Jürgen Gerhards zum 60. Geburtstag},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-08733-3_7},
  editor = {Rössel, Jörg and Roose, Jochen},
  isbn = {978-3-658-08733-3},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro german incollection},
  pages = {195-220},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  title = {Vergleiche vergleichen: die Analyse politischer Kulturen in Europa mit Hilfe verschiedener Techniken},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08733-3_7},
  year = 2015
}

@article{deregt2011leftwing,
  abstract = {A sometimes heated debate between authoritarianism researchers takes place on the issue of authoritarianism on the left. Some researchers argue that authoritarianism is typical for right-wing political orientation while other researchers assert that authoritarianism can also be found at the left side of the political spectrum. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we aim to contribute to the ongoing discussion on left-wing authoritarianism. Using representative samples, the relationship between authoritarianism and political preferences is examined in 13 ex-communist Eastern European countries. Employing six different indicators of left-wing/communist political orientations make clear that, despite cross-national differences, left-wing authoritarianism is definitely not a myth in Eastern European countries. Second, it was aimed to survey whether authoritarian persons in Eastern European countries might be a possible threat for the transition to democracy. Based upon five items it was demonstrated that in general the Eastern European population seems to hold a positive opinion on democracy. However, it becomes also clear that authoritarian persons in the ex-communist countries are significantly less positive towards democracy. },
  author = {de Regt, Sabrina and Mortelmans, Dimitri and Smits, Tim},
  doi = {10.1016/j.postcomstud.2011.10.006},
  issn = {0967-067X},
  journal = {Communist and Post-Communist Studies },
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {299 - 308},
  title = {Left-wing authoritarianism is not a myth, but a worrisome reality. Evidence from 13 Eastern European countries},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967067X11000493},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{muller2013kirchen,
  abstract = {(SOLIS) "In diesem Beitrag wird der der Zusammenhang zwischen Kirchen, Religionsgemeinschaften und Religiosität in der deutschen Gesellschaft definiert und seine sozialgeschichtliche Entwicklungslinie nachgezeichnet, gegenwärtige und prognostizierte Ausprägungen beleuchtet sowie die gesellschaftspolitische Relevanz des Gegenstands thematisiert."Als empirische Grundlage dienen u.a. ALLBUS-Daten aus den Jahren 1990, 2002, 2008 und 2010.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 28. Fassung, April 2014},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Müller, Olaf and Pollack, Detlef},
  booktitle = {Handwörterbuch zur Gesellschaft Deutschlands},
  edition = 3,
  editor = {Mau, Steffen and Schöneck, Nadine M.},
  isbn = {978-3-531-17663-5},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {464-476},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Kirchen, Religionsgemeinschaften und Religiosität},
  url = {http://www.springer.com/springer+vs/soziologie/book/978-3-531-17663-5},
  year = 2013
}

@techreport{mueller2016interview,
  abstract = {There is an increasing number of interview projects like the European Values Study (EVS) or the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), which collect in many different countries internationally comparative interview data. Some of them even offer time series, which go back to the 1980ies. Unfortunately, these public datasets are generally not suitable for the analysis of political conflicts and socio-cultural cleavages. Hence the present paper tackles the problem of extracting conflict data from such interview projects by means of a new microsimulation method: instead of analysing the original interviews by focusing on individuals, the paper proposes to look at the value-differences between randomly matched artificial pairs of respondents. These artificial dyadic data records are used to simulate virtual encounters of persons, who may have either the same or different opinions about a certain issue. In the first case there is harmony, in the second virtual conflict that can be statistically aggregated for all analysed dyads of persons. This way it becomes possible to measure the total amount of conflict of a group (i) with the rest of society, (ii) with a similar group in another country, and (iii) with a politically opposite group. The afore-mentioned methodology of simulated virtual conflicts is used in order to analyse the variation of the ideology of the political left in different European countries. Of special interest are conflicts about traditional left values like equality, social security, and state ownership of industry, which concern respondents, who are partisans of the left as well as those, who identify with a right party. On the basis of the already mentioned European Values Study, the analysis is performed for three typical countries with rather different left party traditions: Sweden, France, and the UK.},
  address = {Fribourg},
  author = {Mueller, George P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  institution = {University of Freiburg/Fribourg, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro techreport},
  notes = {https://ideas.repec.org/p/fri/fribow/fribow00471.html},
  number = 471,
  pages = 14,
  series = {FSES Working Papers},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {On the use of interview data for the microsimulation of ideological conflicts: an analysis of the political cleavages of the European left },
  url = {http://doc.rero.ch/record/261180/files/WP_SES_471.pdf},
  year = 2016
}

@article{callens2016integration,
  abstract = {In this article, we analyse the relationship between integration policies and perceived intergroup threat across European countries. By distinguishing between several strands of integration policies and forms of threat (economic vs cultural), we attempt to shed more light on the mechanisms underlying the policy-threat nexus. We combine data from The European Values Study of 2008 and the Migration Integration Policy Index of 2007, resulting in a sample of 29,844 native residents in 27 countries, on which we apply multilevel analysis. The outcomes of the analysis reveal that respondents living in a country with more-inclusive integration policies – more specifically, policies aimed at labour market access and political participation – display lower perceptions of economic threat. By contrast, integration policies are not significantly associated with perceptions of cultural threat.},
  author = {Callens, Marie-Sophie and Meuleman, Bart},
  doi = {10.1177/0020715216665437},
  eprint = {http://cos.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/08/26/0020715216665437.full.pdf+html},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Do integration policies relate to economic and cultural threat perceptions? A comparative study in Europe},
  url = {http://cos.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/08/26/0020715216665437.abstract},
  year = 2016
}

@article{nn2019studie,
  abstract = {„Die soziale Dimension der Religion gewinnt an Bedeutung“: Auf diese Entwicklung macht der neue Band „Quo vadis, Österreich?“ aufmerksam, den der an der Uni Wien angesiedelte Forschungsverbund Interdisziplinäre Werteforschung jetzt vorgelegt hat.},
  day = 19,
  editor = {N.N.},
  journal = {religion.orf.at},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  month = {July},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Studie: Soziale Dimension von Religion nimmt zu},
  url = {https://religion.orf.at/stories/2988665/},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{borrellporta2017changing,
  address = {Cambridge, London},
  author = {Borrell-Porta, Mireia and Costa-Font, Joan and Sato, Azusa},
  booktitle = {Social Economics Current and Emerging Avenues},
  editor = {Costa-Font, Joan and Macis, Mario},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {261-282},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  title = {Changing Culture to Change Society?},
  year = 2017
}

@phdthesis{danielson2016migration,
  abstract = {Immigration and its impact on aggregate welfare state preferences and welfare state reform has been the subject of numerous academic and political debates. Despite prolonged attention to these issues, however, empirical research has yielded mixed results concerning what effect, if any, immigration has the structure and generosity of the welfare state. This issue is further exacerbated by the absence of concerted conceptual cross-germination between the various theoretical literatures that examine immigration's effect on various social, economic, and political outcomes, making it difficult to identify the mechanisms through which immigration may shape the welfare state. To address these issues, I draw on social psychological research, theories of the welfare state, research on radical right-wing parties, and case studies from the United States to argue that changes in both the volume and characteristics of immigrants entering Western Europe might: 1) undermine the cross-class alliances necessary for maintaining the welfare state, 2) reduce public support for welfare programs, and 3) provide politicians on the far-right with a symbolic resource that can be used to justify cutting/restructuring welfare state programs believed to benefit immigrants. Empirical examinations of these arguments using a wide range of data sources indicate that immigration may be directly and indirectly related to welfare state spending. With regard to the former, the data indicate that the influx of migrants from less-developed countries into social and Christian democratic countries has contributed to rising program demand and corresponding increases in expenditures on more reactive welfare state programs (i.e., unemployment benefits). With regard to the indirect impact of immigration on the welfare state, analyses of voting and public opinion data demonstrate that changes in immigration have contributed to the electoral success of predominantly neoliberal, far-right, nationalist parties and contributed to rising levels of anti-immigrant sentiment over time. These factors, in turn, resulted in: 1) declines in popular support for those social and Christian democratic parties that are dedicated to the maintenance and/or expansion of the welfare state, and 2) reductions in average levels of support for welfare state programs designed to address issues of unemployment, making the welfare state more vulnerable to future retrenchment.},
  address = {Tucson},
  author = {Danielson, J. Taylor},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.1490 ; 10.4232/1.1680 ; 10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2310 ; 10.4232/1.2880 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1490 ; ZA1950 ; ZA2900 ; ZA4700 ; ZA1680 ; ZA2310 ; ZA3430 ; ZA5400 ; ZA2880 ; ZA3910 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  school = {University of Arizona, School of Sociology},
  study-id = {ISSP1985 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP1987 ; ISSP1992 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Migration, Nationalism, and The Welfare State},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613316},
  year = 2016
}

@article{gruffyddjones2016mondays,
  author = {Gruffydd-Jones, Jamie},
  journal = {The Washington Post},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  title = {How Monday’s England-Slovakia soccer match just might influence Brexit},
  type = {Newspaper},
  year = 2016
}

@article{kostal2015european,
  abstract = {A sequel to an analysis of citizens' predispositions for democracy (Part I), this study focuses on larger units, shared ideologies. European ideologies were explored by secondary data analysis of European Values Study (EVS) wave 4, years 2008–2010, 44 countries, 73 questionnaire items, N = 63,281 respondents. The nature of the ideologies is inviting to cluster analysis approach as they tend to be described in terms of ‘patterned clusters’ and likened to an urban cacophony. We applied cluster analysis to reveal prevalent ideological patterns (pro- and antidemocratic tendencies) within the noise of attitudes, values, and behavioral tendencies of European voters and nonvoters. This time our unit was not an individual citizen but a more general unit, ‘an averaged electoral case’. Each major party and also ‘no party’, ‘other party’, and ‘DK/NA’ categories for each country were represented by an abstracted (non)voter with average opinions (using all 73 variables), producing N = 302 averaged electoral tendencies. These were subjected to hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. Resulting clusters partitioned Europe into three political regions: active democracy (the north-west; 41\% of Europeans, 64.5\% democratic), moderate democracy (southern and postcommunist Europe; 48\% of Europeans, 21.7\% democratic), passive democracy (south-east: Turkey, Romania, Albania, Northern Cyprus; 11\% of Europeans, 9.6\% democratic). This study thus provided a complementary perspective to the study from Part I (which manifested trans-nationally shared political mentalities of European citizens): European public ideologies manifested regional divides and confirmed the lack of internationally shared public sphere. },
  author = {Košťál, Jaroslav and Klicperová-Baker, Martina},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2015.1018719},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2015.1018719},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {333-350},
  title = {European Sociopolitical Mentalities: Identifying Pro- and Antidemocratic Tendencies. Part II – Group (ideological, partisan, regional) perspective},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2015.1018719},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2015
}

@book{razzu2016gender,
  abstract = {Under communism there was, in the countries of Eastern Europe, a high level of gender equality in the labour market, particularly in terms of high participation rates by women. The transition from communism has upset this situation, with different impacts in the different countries. This book presents a comprehensive overview of gender and the labour market since the fall of communism in a wide range of Eastern European countries. Each country chapter describes the nature of inequality in the particular country, and goes on to examine the factors responsible for this, including government policies, changing social attitudes, levels of educational attainment and the impact of motherhood. Overall, the book provides an interesting comparison to the situation in Western developed countries, outlining differences and similarities. No one single Eastern European model emerges while, as in Western developed countries, a range of experiences and trends is the norm. Prologue1. The Wider Context Giovanni Razzu 2. Bulgaria Vasil Tzanov 3. The Czech Republic Lenka Filipova and Mariola Pytlikova 4. East Germany Heike Trappe 5. Estonia Rein Vöörmann and Jelena Helemäe 6. Hungary Eva Fodor 7. Lithuania Boguslavas Gruzeyskis and Vida Kanopiene 8. Poland Jan Baran, Roma Keister, Piotr Lewandowski, Iga Magda9. Romania Giovanni Razzu 10. Slovenia Jana Javornik Epilogue},
  address = {London and New York},
  editor = {Razzu, Giovanni},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 276,
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series},
  title = {Gender Inequality in the Eastern European Labour Market. Twenty-five years of transition since the fall of communism},
  year = 2016
}

@article{hucakova2018vskum,
  author = {Hucáková, Monika},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v1.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Výskum EVS: Slabne požiadavka ukotviť rolu matky v manželstve. Medzi hodnotami Európanov má najvýznamnejšie postavenie rodina},
  url = {http://www.humanisti.sk/view.php?cisloclanku=2018050032},
  year = 2018
}

@article{devillepin2009lvolution,
  author = {de Villepin, Lucie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Futuribles - Compte rendu de la table ronde du 23 juin 2009},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {L’évolution des valeurs des Français},
  year = 2009
}

@book{clements2015religion,
  abstract = {Based on extensive analysis of surveys from recent decades, this book provides a detailed study of the attitudes of religious groups in Britain. It looks at continuity and change in relation to party support, ideology, abortion, homosexuality and gay rights, foreign policy, and public opinion towards religion in public life.},
  address = {Basingstoke},
  author = {Clements, Ben},
  doi = {10.1057/9781137313591},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  isbn = {978-0-230-29389-2},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 280,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study = {Eurobarometer 1970-2006},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religion and Public Opinion in Britain Continuity and Change},
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{gladkich2013politischer,
  abstract = {(uh) In dem Buchkapitel wird untersucht, wie sich Religiosität und Atheismus in Deutschland entwickeln. Darauf aufbauend werden theoretische Implikationen abgeleitet.Neben anderen Datensätzen verwenden die Autoren den ALLBUS 1991 und 2008, um den Gottesglaube im innerdeutschen Vergleich darzustellen.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 28. Fassung, April 2014},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Gladkich, Anja and Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Religion und Politik im vereinigten Deutschland: Was bleibt von der Rückkehr des Religiösen?},
  editor = {Pickel, Gert and Hidalgo, Oliver},
  isbn = {978-3-531-94181-3},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2014 EVS_pro incollection},
  pages = {137-163},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  series = {Politik und Religion},
  study = {ALLBUS1991 ; ALLBUS2008 ; KuRiE2006},
  title = {Politischer Atheismus - Der „neue" Atheismus als politisches Projekt oder Abbild empirischer Realität?},
  url = {http://www.springer.com/springer+vs/soziologie/wissen+%7C+diskurs/book/978-3-531-18344-2},
  year = 2013
}

@article{prouteau2015volunteering,
  abstract = {Research on volunteering has emphasized the positive role played by individual religiosity on this type of civic engagement. There are fewer studies on the relation between contextual religiosity and volunteer work. Several of them have concluded that the higher the macro-contextual religiosity, the higher the propensity to get involved in volunteering. Thereby, researchers might be inclined to conclude that secularization is a threat to this social participation. This article shows that such a conclusion is unfounded. From a data set including the 27 countries of the European Union and using a multilevel analysis to control for the compositional effects of the national sample, we obtain a negative correlation between macro-contextual religiosity and volunteering. From these results, we suggest that the relationship between volunteering and contextual religiosity cannot be considered as deterministic but it has to be comprehended in a more global cultural context.},
  author = {Prouteau, Lionel and Sardinha, Boguslawa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/s11266-013-9431-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1573-7888},
  journal = {VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {242-266},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Volunteering and Country-Level Religiosity: Evidence from the European Union},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9431-0},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2015
}

@article{jagodzinski2010economic,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the influence of the economic, social, and cultural variables on life satisfaction in Asia and Europe. The second section sets a unifying theoretical framework for all three domains by defining life satisfaction as a function of aspirations and expectations which in turn are affected by micro- and macro-level variables. On the micro-level, economic capital is a resource for the actor. On the macro-level, societal economic capital improves the opportunity structure for the individual under certain conditions. Thus, economic capital on both levels positively affects the perceived chances of fulfilling aspirations. As long as the latter remain unchanged life satisfaction will increase. Social and cultural factors partially follow the same logic, as indicated by the terms social and cultural capital. Under a set of assumptions, the hypotheses derived are that personal and societal economic capital, national pride and national integration, religiosity, and societal religious integration, all positively affect the life satisfaction of the individual. A multi-level analysis of data from the European Values Study and the AsiaBarometer confirms the micro-level hypotheses. The economic macro-level indicators also display the theoretically expected positive effect on life satisfaction in the multivariate analysis of Asian and European data. By contrast, the direct cross-level effects of a society's national integration and particularly of religion do not become significant in Europe, yet they are highly significant in Asia. This strong influence of the social and cultural context in Asia can be interpreted in two different ways.},
  author = {Jagodzinski, Wolfgang},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.3811},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-009-9555-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {85-104},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Economic, Social, and Cultural Determinants of Life Satisfaction: Are there Differences Between Asia and Europe?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9555-1},
  volume = 97,
  year = 2010
}

@article{crpic2010dinaminost,
  abstract = {This paper is based on the results of the European Values Study carried out in Croatia in 2008 on a sample of 1525 individuals, adults living in Croatia. The study was performed to compare the state of religiosity in Croatia to that of 1999 when the same population was tested with the same questionnaire during the first study. The basic dimension of religiosity was studied. We were interested in whether there have been significant changes in the dynamics of religious life in Croatia, and in which direction these changes might be going. The results obtained indicate that the level of religiosity in Croatia continues to be high and stable, although some significant changes are visible. For individual indicators we note a slight decrease in the level of religiosity, particularly in respect of denominational identification, attending religious services and the public role of the Church where a significant decrease in confidence in the Church was noted, particularly in the ability of the Church to provide an adequate response to moral, spiritual, family and social problems and questions. On the other hand, many indicators remain stable and Croatia continues to be among the most religious countries in Europe. One result of the research of particular importance is insight into the dynamics of changes in the structure of religiosity. An increased share of young people compared to older people was registered among the religious, as well as an increase in the share of men and a decreased share of women. },
  author = {Črpić, Gordan and Zrinščak, Siniša},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Društvena istraživanja : journal for general social issues},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {3-27},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {DINAMIČNOST U STABILNOSTI: RELIGIOZNOST U HRVATSKOJ 1999. i 2008. GODINE (Dynamism in Stability: Religiosity in Croatia in 1999 and 2008)},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/52184?lang=en},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2010
}

@article{ennserjedenastik2019bringt,
  abstract = {Personen mit Migrationshintergrund haben per se kein traditionelleres Frauenbild, hier lebende Muslime laut einer Studie aber schon.},
  author = {Ennser-Jedenastik, Laurenz},
  journal = {Der Standard},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Bringt Zuwanderung patriarchale Rollenbilder nach Österreich?},
  url = {https://derstandard.at/2000097232747/Bringt-Zuwanderung-patriarchale-Rollenbilder-nach-Oesterreich},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{sumanova2016macedonia,
  abstract = {The purpose of the thesis with the title Macedonia – An Analysis of Religious Changes during the Period of Transition is to find out whether the changes in the religious sphere actually happened and what kind of changes are we talking about. To carry out our research we used different methods – the method of historical analysis and the descriptive method of historical events, an analysis of theories that are related to sociology of religion an religious changes, and finally the method of secondary analysis of empirical data that are related to the religious sphere in Macedonia. Macedonia's entrance into the period of transition causes the newly formed country to experience economic, political and sociocultural chages. Those are reflected also in the changing ethical and value systems of the individual as well as of the whole society. If we understand religion as a part of the social system, then we can assume that certain changes appeared also in the religious area. These changes turned out to be in favor of religion and religious institutions. With the collapse of the socialist system and the formation of the republic of Macedonia, the newly formed country finds itself serching for its identity again. In this process Macedonia leans on religion, the Macedonian Orthodox Church, which, in the chaotic times of Yugoslavia's breakup, proves out to be a fervent supporter of tradition, with the help of which the Macedonian nation can bind again. On the other side, the Albaninan minority in Macedonia leans on the Islamic community. Religion undoubtedly played an important role in the relations between Macedonians and Albanians, what can be perceived in the conflict in 2001 that led to armed conflicts. In Macedonia's society, religion and religious institutions have gained a more important role again, which results in the revitalization of religion. The process of secularization was evidently slowing down as the nation was turning towards desecularization – revitalisation of religion, not only on the level of society, but also on the level of the individual and his personal beliefs. All that can be confirmed by the data of various empirical surveys based on Macedonia, like the surveys of macedonian sociologists (Matevska, Aceski etc.) and international research, like the studies of The European Values Study (EVS), The World Values Study (WVS), The Gallup Study etc.},
  author = {Šumanova, Aleksandra},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  school = {Univerza v Mariboru, Filozofska fakulteta},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Macedonia – An Analysis of Religious Changes during the Period of Transition},
  url = {https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=57867},
  year = 2016
}

@article{repak2016communist,
  abstract = {The aim of this article is to analyze application of the participatory model of democracy in the former communist countries, emphasizing influences of communist legacies. First part of paper covers basic characteristics of the participatory model of democracy and discusses communist heritage that is hypothesized to hamper development of participative democracy. In the third part of the paper goals of the investigation are defined and countries of the former communist block grouped. The last part of research presents analysis of the data obtained by the EVS research conducted on 2008.},
  author = {Repak, Dragana},
  issn = {2285-4916},
  journal = {European Quarterly of Political Attitudes and Mentalities},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-16},
  title = {Is the Communist Ghost Still Alive? Participative Democracy in Eastern Europe after the Fall of Berlin Wall. The Case of Post-Conflict Yugoslavia and East-Central Europe},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-48026-3},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2016
}

@article{muller2011coping,
  abstract = {This article focuses on the impact of interpersonal distrust on the perceived locus of control of the concerned person. It is argued that distrust triggers a psychological shift of the perceived locus of control towards distrusted others—a process, which may however be slowed down or even stopped by appropriate subjective or objective buffers. E.g. reliable law enforcement may have this buffering effect as well as the instrumentalisation of the state by corrupt practices. On the bases of interview data form the European Values Study, the article first shows for a great number of Eastern and Western countries the existence of the postulated negative impact of distrust on the degree of perceived internal control. In a second step, the article also investigates the buffering effects of trustworthy law enforcement and corruption. The statistical analyses demonstrate that in Central and Eastern Europe, corruption has a much stronger buffering effect than law enforcement, whereas in Western Europe, the strengths of the two types of buffers are just the reverse.},
  author = {Müller, Georg P.},
  issn = {12311413},
  journal = {Polish Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 174,
  pages = {181-194},
  publisher = {Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne (Polish Sociological Association)},
  title = {Coping with Low-Trust Situations in Eastern and Western Europe: On the Role of Justice and Corruption as Buffers of Interpersonal Distrust},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/41275198},
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{klicperovabaker2016toward,
  address = {Cheltenham (UK), Northhampton (USA)},
  author = {Klicperová-Baker, Martina and Košťál, Jaroslav},
  booktitle = {Integration, Diversity and the Making of a European Public Sphere},
  data-doi = {10.4232/14804},
  editor = {Sicakkan, Hakan G.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 V1.0.0},
  isbn = {978 1 78536 090 9},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {183-208},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Toward Empirical Assessment of the European Demos and Public Sphere: Comparing Democratic Value Orientations of Citizens and Elites},
  year = 2016
}

@article{gorce2011jeunes,
  abstract = {Contrairement à une idée reçue, les jeunes générations ne sont pas dépolitisées. Les dernières études montrent même un regain d'intérêt qui s'accompagne de comportements nouveaux. Contrairement à une idée reçue, les jeunes générations ne sont pas dépolitisées. Les dernières études montrent même un regain d'intérêt qui s'accompagne de comportements nouveaux.},
  author = {Gorce, Bernard},
  journal = {La Croix},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  title = {Les jeunes s’intéressent encore à la politique },
  url = {https://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Les-jeunes-s-interessent-encore-a-la-politique-_NG_-2011-01-20-605897},
  year = 2011
}

@article{haurylik2017monetary,
  abstract = {The need to study monetary thinking of the population is caused both by process of reforming the economic sphere, and the transformation of public consciousness. The article presents the results of complex research of features of monetary thinking of the population of Republic of Belarus, which was conducted between July 2016 to March 2017 with application of qualitative and quantitative research methods: deep interview, expert survey and questionnaires. The data obtained are supplemented by the information contained in the works of the Belarusian scientists, as well, the dynamics of the population of values based on a comparison of the results of a questionnaire survey, conducted in 2017, and the European Values Study, conducted in 2008–2009. Public perceptions were revealed about the money as a subject of social relations; predominant type of economic behaviour; attitude to entrepreneurs and financial institutions. It was also established differences in monetary thinking of different categories of population.},
  author = {Haurylik, A. N.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Belarus. State Univ. Sociol},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article},
  number = 2,
  pages = {95-102},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {МОНЕТАРНОЕ МЫШЛЕНИЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ [Monetary thinking of the population of the Republic of Belarus]},
  url = {http://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/184660},
  year = 2017
}

@article{hertel2019relation,
  abstract = {We study the relationship between inter-class inequality and intergenerational class mobility across 39 countries. Previous research on the relationship between economic inequality and class mobility remains inconclusive, as studies have confounded intra- with between-class economic inequalities. We propose that between-class inequality across multiple dimensions accounts for the inverse relationship between inequality and mobility: the larger the resource distance between classes, the less likely it is that mobility from one to the other will occur. We consider inequality in terms of between-class differences in three areas—education, wages, and income—and in a composite measure. Building on sociological mobility theory, we argue that cross-country variation in mobility results, in part, from families adapting to different levels of between-class inequality. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find a negative correlation between inter-class inequality and social fluidity, with between-class inequality being a better predictor of mobility chances than conventional distributional measures. We also find that the resource distance between classes is negatively related to the strength of their intergenerational association for some off-diagonal origin and destination (OD) class combinations. },
  author = {Hertel, Florian R. and Groh-Samberg, Olaf},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.11911},
  doi = {10.1177/0003122419885094},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA5890 v1.0.0},
  journal = {American Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1099-1133},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP1987-1992-1999-2009},
  title = {The Relation between Inequality and Intergenerational Class Mobility in 39 Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122419885094},
  volume = 84,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{nn2018bedeutung,
  abstract = {Österreich-Teil der Europäischen Wertestudie ist "profil"-Titelgeschichte - Religiöse Praxis "erodiert", auch wenn 73 Prozent der Bevölkerung an Gott glaubt - Hohe Zustimmung zur Demokratie als Staatsform},
  author = {N.N.},
  institution = {Katholische Kirche Österreich},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro german techreport},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Bedeutung der Religion nimmt für Österreicher weiter ab},
  url = {https://www.katholisch.at/aktuelles/2018/10/22/bedeutung-der-religion-nimmt-fuer-sterreicher-weiter-ab},
  year = 2018
}

@book{mlinaric2017dissense,
  abstract = {Kroatien verhindert 2013 in einem Verfassungs-Referendum die Homo-Ehe und Serbien verbietet die Belgrad Pride aus Sicherheitsgründen gleich dreimal in Folge (2011–2013). Ist der Westbalkan homophob? Martin Mlinarić untersucht auf der Grundlage einer qualitativen Dispositivanalyse serbischer und kroatischer Massenmedien sowie einer quantitativen Sekundärdatenauswertung den widersprüchlichen Status sexueller Differenz im Kontext der Nachwehen der Europäisierung zweier postjugoslawischer Nachkriegsgesellschaften und der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise. Es zeigt sich, dass im Zeitraum von 2009 bis 2013, also nach der Verabschiedung der jeweiligen Antidiskriminierungsgesetze, in beiden Staaten mehr als zwei Drittel der Bevölkerung sexuelle Differenz moralisch verurteilen und ein Adoptionsrecht für Schwule und Lesben ablehnen. Aus qualitativer Sicht ist die Frage nach der Akzeptanz sexueller Differenz mit Fragmenten von Demokratie, Europa und (In-)Toleranz verknüpft, so wird sie bei ihren Befürwortern zu einer Metapher für den Übergang in eine „normale westliche“ Demokratie. Während auf der Ebene der Massenmedien ein „fairer“ und offener Wettbewerb zwischen Akteuren der unterschiedlichen Gruppen vermittelt wird, entstehen gleichzeitig provinziell-patriotische Gegenreaktionen, die sich auf die Kirche und die klerikalkonservative Zivilgesellschaft berufen. Anhand eines 4-Phasenmodells wird erklärt, dass der Dissens in Kroatien und Serbien im Sinne einer auf Minimalkonsense angelegten deliberativen Demokratie befriedet wird: Öffnungen im Bereich allgemeiner Sichtbarkeit (Serbien) und gleichgeschlechtlicher Partnerschaft (Kroatien) werden für sexuelle Minderheiten nur partiell gewährt.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Mlinaric, Martin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  pages = 408,
  publisher = {Harrassowitz Verlag},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Dissense über sexuelle Differenz in Serbien und Kroatien: Eine qualitative Dispositivanalyse postjugoslawischer Massenmedien (2009-2013) und quantitative Sekundärdatenauswertung der European Values Study (2008) zu Homophobie im Westbalkan},
  year = 2017
}

@article{karkov2012countries,
  abstract = {Economists face huge challenges when trying to find the exact reasons for wealth and growth. A new thesis argues that the Roman Catholic order of Cistercians formed the basis for prosperity in the West.},
  author = {Karkov, Rasmus},
  journal = {ScienceNordic},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Why some countries are richer than others},
  url = {http://sciencenordic.com/why-some-countries-are-richer-others},
  year = 2012
}

@article{brechon2000franais,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Schweisguth, Etienne},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Le Monde},
  keywords = {2000 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Les Français sont de plus en plus attachés à la liberté privée et à l'ordre public},
  url = {https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2000/11/16/les-francais-sont-de-plus-en-plus-attaches-a-la-liberte-privee-et-a-l-ordre-public_3712121_1819218.html?xtmc=les_francais_sont_de_plus_en_plus_attaches_a_la_liberte_privee_et_a_l_ordre_public&xtcr=1},
  year = 2000
}

@article{roudijk2017cultural,
  abstract = {Self-reported health (SRH) is a measure widely used in health research and population studies. Differences in SRH have been observed between countries and cultural values have been hypothesized to partly explain such differences. Cultural values can be operationalized by two cultural dimensions using the World Values Survey (WVS), namely the traditional/rational--secular and the survival/self-expression dimension. We investigate whether there is an association between the WVS cultural dimensions and SRH, both within and between countries.},
  author = {Roudijk, Bram and Donders, Rogier and Stalmeier, Peep},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s11136-017-1512-x},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 V3.0.0},
  issn = {1573-2649},
  journal = {Quality of Life Research},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cultural values: can they explain self-reported health?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1512-x},
  year = 2017
}

@article{pavlovic2020global,
  abstract = {The paper empirically identifies the world's cultural zones, comprised of the countries with the distinctive patterns of values, and determines their relationship with the country's communist past and current state of democracy. The analysis is based on the countries' average values on the two main dimensions of cross-cultural variations: the traditional versus secular-rational and the survival versus self-expression values. The World Values Survey and European Values Study data from 101 countries were used. The K-means method of cluster analysis and the Variance Ration Criterion for determining the final number of clusters were performed. The solution with three clusters appeared as the most appropriate and theoretically meaningful, representing three broad cultural value syndromes. The first value syndrome was defined by low self-expression and high secular-rational values (the zone of secularized authority), the second one by low secular-rational and low self-expression values (the zone of traditional authority), while the third was characterized by high values on both value dimensions (the zone of emancipation). The countries' cluster membership is highly correlated with the (non-)communist past and the level of socioeconomic development. The countries in three cultural zones significantly differ in terms of the state of democracy: democracy is more fully developed in the countries in the cultural zone of emancipation, and the least developed in the countries with the prevailing traditional authority cultural outlook.},
  author = {Pavlović, Zoran and Todosijević, Bojan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-019-00861-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1573-7845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {603-622},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Global cultural zones the empirical way: value structure of cultural zones and their relationship with democracy and the communist past},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00861-1},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{secci2017linking,
  abstract = {In the debate that counterpoises cognitive and non-cognitive abilities, IQ is researched in differences across countries and associated to several factors, among which differences in savings. On the other side, non-cognitive factors such as self-control, while researched at the micro level, are not often analyzed cross-country. The main aim of this research is thus to identify the elements that form self-control at the national level and analyzing whether the overall index has predictive power in explaining savings. Alongside, it is explored which of the components is better at predicting savings. Lastly, a comparison between IQ and Self-Control is run to understand which one has more explanatory power. The method consisted in studying the theoretical literature, leading to the identification of the capacity of exercising self-control, and the desire/interest in exercising it. The former is measured through household survey data, and the latter with cultural indexes and institutional constraints. Results found strong relationship between national indexes of self-control and private savings, where the cultural component dominates the household one. IQ and Self-Control have similar power in explaining savings, and are highly correlated with each other. Overall, self-control seems an important factor in determining differences in private savings across countries.},
  author = {Secci, Mariella},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 50,
  school = {Radboud University Nijmegen School of Management},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Linking self-control to saving differences: An analysis across countries},
  year = 2017
}

@inproceedings{deleeuw2018matter,
  abstract = {While several studies have demonstrated that individuals’ left-right orientation is linked to their support for democracy, thus far we know little about the historical roots of this association. Drawing on data from the European Values Study (1999–2008), the present study investigates to what degree this association is shaped by countries’ authoritarian past. By distinguishing between countries with a democratic, left-wing authoritarian and right-wing authoritarian legacy, we demonstrate that the direction and strength of this association is aligned with the ideology of the authoritarian predecessor and that leftist orientations are linked to lower levels of support in left-wing legacies while the same holds for rightist orientations in countries with a right-wing legacy. In addition, we show that this association can for a large part be accounted for by individuals’ support for the authoritarian predecessor and cannot be reduced to individuals’ socialization under authoritarian rule. As such, our study highlights the importance of historical contextualization, when inferring shifts on the left-right dimension to changes in popular support for democracy. },
  author = {de Leeuw, Sjifra and Rekker, Roderik and Azrout, Rachid and van Spanje, Joost},
  booktitle = {ECPR Joint Sessions 10–14 April 2018, Nicosia, Cyprus},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  pages = 26,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {A matter of nostalgia: How authoritarian traditions shape the distribution of democratic support on the left-right dimension.},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/16b22ec1-1b95-4663-9084-dfd1eb30efc2},
  year = 2018
}

@article{brechon2004valeurs,
  abstract = {La France apparaît sur le plan des valeurs comme un pays charnière entre l'Europe du Nord et celle du Sud. Tel est l'un des principaux enseignements des enquêtes internationales réalisées à intervalles réguliers depuis le début des années 80. },
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA3811},
  journal = {Hors-série Sciences Humaines},
  keywords = {2004 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  number = 46,
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Valeurs: une France entre Nord et Sud },
  url = {https://www.scienceshumaines.com/valeurs-une-france-entre-nord-et-sud_fr_13675.html},
  year = 2004
}

@article{cicatiello2015income,
  abstract = {An extensive theoretical and empirical literature already investigates the impact of income inequality on citizens' involvement in specific politically-oriented activities such as voting, membership of political groups, participation in political meetings, etc. In order to broaden still further the theoretical perspective on the connection between income inequality and citizens' political participation, this paper links the literature on inequality and political engagement with the one proposing a conceptualization of different forms of political participation. More specifically, this paper proposes a conceptual framework that analyzes how income inequality interacts with individuals' income position in explaining citizens' involvement in conventional and unconventional political activities. The core of the paper focuses on a multilevel mixed-effects empirical analysis carried out on survey data collected by the European Values Study project; its results support the hypothesis that income inequality significantly shapes the effect of household income in determining citizens' forms of political engagement.},
  author = {Cicatiello, Lorenzo and Ercolano, Salvatore and Gaeta, Giuseppe Lucio},
  doi = {10.1007/s10663-015-9292-4},
  issn = {1573-6911},
  journal = {Empirica},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {447-479},
  title = {Income distribution and political participation: a multilevel analysis},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10663-015-9292-4},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2015
}

@techreport{mullerova2016workers,
  abstract = {Two decades after the fall of state socialism, the Czech Republic records the widest employment gap between women with and without pre-school children among OECD countries: 41 pp. Several substantial parental leave reforms took place during the first stage of the transition (1995) and after the EU accession (2008). The responses by the targeted population, i.e. take-up rates and duration of work interruptions, do not fully mimic predictable effects drawn by financial incentives. Why is that? Using the European Values Study and the Generations and Gender Programme panel data, I show that quite counter-intuitively, in the context of post-socialist public policy adjustments, preference for long leaves does not stem from lower preference for welfare state institutions, but from a purely intra-household value change in favour of higher task specialization between men and women. Indeed, unlike most European countries and even other post-communist countries, we observe a significant turn towards specialized couple preferences - among both women and men, both parents and non-parents, and both the higher and lower educated.},
  author = {Mullerova, Alzbeta},
  institution = {EconomiX - CNRS, Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english techreport},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Workers or mothers? Czech welfare and gender role preferences in transition},
  year = 2016
}

@mastersthesis{bjorklund2019svenska,
  abstract = {The overall purpose guiding this thesis was to assess the possibility of liberal nationalism in Sweden. In order to do that, a descriptive analysis of Swedish citizens attitudes regarding national identity is needed. National identity was assessed as an umbrella term consisting of four separate dimensions: national attachment, national pride, national chauvinism and a normative conception of national identity. The dimensions can be separated empirically and result in different consequences. It’s assumed that older people have stronger feelings about national identity compared to younger. This presumption was tested with a Chi2-test between people below and over 65 years old, acquired from a representative sample of the Swedish people.The main result from this thesis was that overall the Swedish people have a strong attachment to their country, with over 90% feeling close or very close to Sweden. Most are also proud over their citizenship (over 90%), where a strong sense of pride originates from the way democracy works (80%). Attitudes about the normative conception of national identity showed that respect of political institutions and laws, language and culture are seen as important elements of a true Swede. Around 23% had chauvinistic attitudes. The result is however not conclusive since 40% of the respondents chose a non-saying alternative. This requires further investigation, preferably with a qualitive approach. Together with an ethnic conception of Swedishness, chauvinism is the part of national identity that clearly relates negatively to liberal nationalism. In general, no clear differences were found when comparing older with younger. Except for the normative conception of national identity, where a statistic significant difference showed that older have higher demand and also a more ethnic understanding of citizenship. There was also a tendency that older identified more strongly with Sweden, and younger were prouder of how democracy works.},
  address = {Uppsala},
  author = {Björklund, Matilda},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 43,
  school = {Uppsala Universitet},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Den svenska identiteten: En deskriptiv analys av attityder kring nationell identitet},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1385553/FULLTEXT01.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{meulemann2010kulturumbruch,
  abstract = {(dn) Mit Zeitreihen aus mehreren Datensätzen, u.a. dem ALLBUS (1980-2008), untersucht Meulemann den Wertewandel in Deutschland nach der Wiedervereinigung. Im Fokus steht dabei die Frage, ob die Wiedervereinigung die ost- und westdeutschen Wertvorstellungen zu einer gesamtdeutschen Wertvorstellung zusammengeführt hat.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 25. Fassung, März 2011},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Meulemann, Heiner},
  availability = {02.05.2012},
  booktitle = {Gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen im Spiegel der empirischen Sozialforschung},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-92590-5_4},
  editor = {{Faulbaum, Frank} and {Wolf, Christof}},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro german incollection},
  number = {3 (Teil II)},
  pages = {59-91},
  publisher = {VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften},
  series = {Schriftenreihe der ASI - Arbeitsgemeinschaft Sozialwissenschaftlicher Institute},
  study = {ALLBUSkum1980-2008; ISSP ; ESS ; EVS},
  title = {Kulturumbruch und Wiedervereinigung. Wertewandel in Deutschland in den letzten 60 Jahren},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92590-5_4},
  year = 2010
}

@techreport{steinhauer2018working,
  abstract = {In this paper I provide empirical evidence that the strength of beliefs regarding the harm children suffer when their mothers work plays an important role in explaining gender gaps in labor market outcomes and fertility trends. I exploit a unique setting in Switzerland and compare outcomes of one cohort of Swiss women born in the 1950s either into the French or German ethno-linguistic group. This allows me to compare outcomes of women exposed to different norms regarding working mothers while holding constant typical confounding factors such as composition, labor market opportunities, and work-family policies. Consistent with the strong belief that children suffer with working mothers in the German region, I find that German-born women are 15-25% less likely to work as mothers and 20-20% more likely to remain childless compared to their French-born peers. Only the extensive margins show marked differences and especially among the highly educated.  I argue that an identity framework along the lines of Akerlof and Kranton (2000) can rationalize these patterns in a tractable way. },
  author = {Steinhauer, Andreas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11564 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3880 v1.1.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Sciences Po},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  series = {LIEPP Working Paper n°79},
  study-id = {ISSP2002 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Working Moms, Childlessness, and Female Identity },
  url = {https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/1a68qg411o9bg9jp7fhgh60n5p/resources/wp-79-steinhauer.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{lomazzi2017testing,
  abstract = {This study provides a critical evaluation of the gender role attitude scale included in the fourth wave of the European Values Study. The goodness of this scale is tested considering first of all its reliability and the stability of the factorial structure. The results suggest caution in the use of this instrument: the scale presents a deep variation in reliability across countries and its configuration is not stable, displaying several different factor structures from one country to another. In considering the source of this instability, this study addresses a priming effect due to questions introduced in 2008 immediately prior to the use of the gender role attitudes scale that modified the context of response. },
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0759106317710859},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {90-100},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Testing the Goodness of the EVS Gender Role Attitudes Scale},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0759106317710859},
  volume = 135,
  year = 2017
}

@article{reeskens2019nashvilleverklaring,
  abstract = {De ophef rondom de Nederlandse vertaling van de Nashville-verklaring zindert na. Met name de handtekening van Kees van der Staaij roept negatieve reacties op. Maar moet de actie van de SGP-Tweede Kamer-voorman ons verbazen? Hoe zit het met de tolerantie jegens en homoseksualiteit van jonge SGP’ers? En wat vindt de achterban van DENK? Socioloog Tim Reeskens duikt in de beschikbare data.},
  author = {Reeskens, Tim},
  journal = {Sociale Vraagstukken},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {De Nashville-verklaring: preken voor de Staatsgereformeerde Kerk?},
  url = {https://www.socialevraagstukken.nl/de-nashville-verklaring-preken-voor-de-staatsgereformeerde-kerk/},
  year = 2019
}

@book{mannewitz2015politische,
  abstract = {Politische-Kultur- und Demokratieforschung gehören spätestens seit der dritten Demokratisierungswelle zu den dynamischsten Subdisziplinen der internationalen Politikwissenschaft. Diese Studie modifiziert und überführt das Konzept der „Embedded Democracy“ in eine wertezentrierte, zweidimensionale Typologie politischer Kultur. Sie unterscheidet Haltungen zu obligatorischen von Haltungen zu fakultativen Elementen konstitutioneller Demokratie und widmet sich im empirischen Teil der Frage, ob es in Deutschland nach über zwei Jahrzehnten nach der Wiedervereinigung so etwas wie eine „innere Einheit“ gibt. Der subnationalen Analyse verschiedener Umfragedaten zufolge lässt sich diese These (ebenso wie die zweier politischer Kulturen) allerdings kaum aufrechterhalten – vielmehr haben sich durch historische, sozioökonomische und konfessionelle Friktionen mehrere Regionalkulturen in der Bundesrepublik etabliert, die sich durch je unterschiedliche demokratisch-konstitutionelle Vorstellungen auszeichnen. },
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Mannewitz, Tom},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4529 ; ZA5450},
  isbn = {978-3-8487-2110-8},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book german},
  pages = 548,
  publisher = {Nomos},
  study = {EB6.0 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2008},
  study-id = {EB67.2 ; EB74.3},
  title = {Politische Kultur und demokratischer Verfassungsstaat. Ein subnationaler Vergleich zwei Jahrzehnte nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung},
  year = 2015
}

@article{gratian2018comment,
  author = {Gratian, Paul},
  journal = {Le blog de Supermood},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Comment manager les millennials?},
  url = {http://blog.supermood.co/2018/10/04/comment-manager-millennials/},
  year = 2018
}

@article{prag2017cultural,
  abstract = {STUDY QUESTION: To what extent do financial, demographic and cultural determinants explain the vast cross-national differences in ART treatments in Europe? SUMMARY ANSWER: The normative cultural acceptance of ART is a major driver of ART treatments in Europe, above and beyond differences in country wealth, demographic aspects and religious composition. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: There are vast differences in the number of ART treatments across European countries, which are to some extent related to country affluence, regulation, and insurance coverage and costs. The role and impact of cultural and normative factors has not been explored in a larger cross-national comparison. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A descriptive and comparative cross-national analysis of ART treatment prevalence in over 30 European countries in 2010, with the outcome defined as the total number of ART cycles per million women of reproductive age (15–44 years). Data is drawn from multiple sources (ICMART, US Census Bureau Library, World Bank, Barro–Lee Educational Attainment Dataset, IFFS Surveillance reports, European Values Study and World Religion Database). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Our sample includes data from 35 European countries, where we describe the associations between demographic and cultural factors and the prevalence of ART treatments. Bivariate correlation and ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis serves to establish the relationships between predictor variables and the number of ART treatments per million women aged 15–44 years in a country. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A one-percent increase in national GDP is associated with 382 (95% CI: 177–587) additional ART procedures per million women of reproductive age, yet this effect is reduced to 99 (−92 to 290) treatments once cultural values and demographic factors are accounted for. In our fully adjusted model, normative cultural values measuring the acceptability of ART are the strongest predictor of ART usage, with a one-point increase of average approval in a country associated with 276 (167–385) additional ART treatments per million women of reproductive age. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Findings are based on a cross-sectional, cross-national analysis, making formal tests of causality impossible and prohibiting inferences to the individual level. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Results indicate that reproductive health policy should openly acknowledge the importance of cultural norms in informally shaping and regulating the wider availability of ART treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): Funding for this project was provided by the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7 2007–2013) (No. 320116 Families and Societies), European Research Council for the SOCIOGENOME Consolidator Grant (ERC-2013-CoG-615603) and the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund (all to M.C.M.). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.},
  author = {Präg, Patrick and Mills, Melinda C},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  doi = {10.1093/humrep/dex298},
  eprint = {/oup/backfile/content_public/journal/humrep/pap/10.1093_humrep_dex298/2/dex298.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Human Reproduction},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {2305-2314},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Cultural determinants influence assisted reproduction usage in Europe more than economic and demographic factors},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex298},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2017
}

@article{fountain2018family,
  abstract = {Families and marriages have existed since the start of human history, long before the Bible evolved. Yet the influence of this one book on the concept of marriage and the family relationships that resulted far outweighs any other source over the past 2000 years.},
  author = {Fountain, Jeff},
  journal = {Weekly Word},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Family & Marriage},
  url = {http://weeklyword.eu/en/family-marriage/},
  year = 2018
}

@article{brechon2010lindividualisation,
  author = {Brèchon, Pierre and Galland, Olivier},
  journal = {Réforme},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  pages = 11,
  title = {L’individualisation encourage à s’occuper des autres},
  url = {https://www.reforme.net/non-classe/journal-opinions-lindividualisation-encourage-a-soccuper-autres/},
  year = 2010
}

@inproceedings{brechon2013leurope,
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {5e Festival de Géopolitique de Grenoble, 4-7 April 2013},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro french inproceedings},
  title = {L’Europe devient-elle xénophobe?},
  year = 2013
}

@article{buberennser2016human,
  abstract = {Since its inception in 2010, the Arab Spring has evolved into a situation of violent conflict in many countries, leading to high levels of migration from the affected region. Given the social impact of the large number of individuals applying for asylum across Europe in 2015, it is important to study who these persons are in terms of their skills, motivations, and intentions. DiPAS (Displaced Persons in Austria Survey) aims to uncover the socio-demographic characteristics of the persons seeking refuge who arrived in Austria in 2015, mainly originating from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. Particular focus is on human capital, attitudes and values. This survey, the first of its kind in Austria and possibly in Europe, was carried out among adult displaced persons, mostly residing in Vienna, yielding 514 completed interviews. Information gathered on spouses and children allows for the analysis of 972 persons living in Austria, and of further 419 partners and children abroad. Results indicate that the surveyed population comprised mainly young families with children, particularly those coming from Syria and Iraq. Their educational level is high compared with the average level in their country of origin. A vast majority of respondents are Muslims, rating their religiosity at medium levels. Judging from stated attitudes towards gender equity, interviewed men seem to have more liberal attitudes than their compatriots. The majority of respondents do not intend to return to their home countries, mostly because of the perception of permanent threat. DiPAS provides data for political decision-making and the on-going societal dialogue. Its findings can help to inform assessments about the integration potential of the displaced population into the host society. In addition, the applied methodological technique and experiences during the fieldwork provide valuable insights on sampling asylum seekers and refugees in the current European context.},
  author = {Buber-Ennser, Isabella and Kohlenberger, Judith and Rengs, Bernhard and Al Zalak, Zakarya and Goujon, Anne and Striessnig, Erich and Potančoková, Michaela and Gisser, Richard and Testa, Maria Rita and Lutz, Wolfgang},
  data-doi = {doi:10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0163481},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  month = {09},
  number = 9,
  pages = {1-29},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Human Capital, Values, and Attitudes of Persons Seeking Refuge in Austria in 2015},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163481},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2016
}

@inproceedings{egli2017cultural,
  author = {Egli, Simon and Mayer, Boris and Mast, Fred W.},
  booktitle = {15th Swiss Psychological Society Conference "Treasuring the Diversity of Psychology" September 5, 2017, Lausanne},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  organization = {University of Bern, Institute of Psychology},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cultural Differences and Similarities among German-, French- and Italianspeaking Switzerland and Neighboring Countries},
  url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Boris_Mayer/publication/324331073_Cultural_Differences_and_Similarities_among_German-_French-_and_Italian-speaking_Switzerland_and_Neighboring_Countries/links/5acb493ea6fdcc8bfc85821a/Cultural-Differences-and-Similarities-among-German-French-and-Italian-speaking-Switzerland-and-Neighboring-Countries.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@article{frangi2017unions,
  abstract = {Public institutions and trade unions in particular are often portrayed as facing a deep crisis. In order to better understand to what extent unions are still perceived as legitimate institutions from the society as a whole (working and non-working individuals), we analyse the determinants of confidence in unions across 14 European countries between 1981 and 2009. Confidence in unions is explained through individual-level variables (by a rational and an ideational mechanism) and contextual-level factors (relevant economic and employment relations characteristics). Using data from the European Values Study (EVS) merged with contextual datasets, we develop a series of regression models to examine the main determinants of confidence in unions. We demonstrate that confidence in unions cannot only be traced back to the support from members and left-wing oriented individuals but it is also related to non-working individuals and vulnerable social groups, in particular when confronted with economic shocks. Our findings challenge both the ‘crisis of confidence’ in institutions and the ‘crisis of unionism’ narratives. Implications for union representation and organizing strategies are discussed.},
  author = {Frangi, Lorenzo and Koos, Sebastian and Hadziabdic, Sinisa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/bjir.12248},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {1467-8543},
  journal = {British Journal of Industrial Relations},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {In Unions We Trust! Analysing Confidence in Unions across Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12248},
  year = 2017
}

@phdthesis{cameron2017citizen,
  abstract = {The global financial crisis was the greatest economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The crisis, which had its origins in the United States' housing market crash of 2007, led to global impacts including rising unemployment and underemployment, home foreclosures, fewer opportunities for young people, and a loss of retirement savings. Previous research has examined the role of economic conditions in influencing various types of political behaviors and attitudes, however this has primarily pertained to fluctuations in economic performance during ordinary times. The magnitude of the recent crisis presents an unprecedented opportunity to examine how citizen political engagement in democratic societies is affected by a major economic shock. This thesis investigates how the global financial crisis has affected citizen political behavior|including voting behavior, civic engagement, and political protest|as well as democratic attitudes. To investigate the impact of the crisis, the study uses cross-national survey data fielded before and after the crisis in countries affected by the crisis to varying degrees. This enables a comparison both over time and across countries. Data from the previous two waves of the World Values Survey in 18 democratic countries is used to investigate the crisis impacts on civic engagement, political protest, and democratic support, while data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems in 13 countries facilitates an analysis of electoral behavior. Multilevel modeling and other quantitative methods are used to assess how factors at the country and individual level affected citizen political engagement before and after the crisis hit. The thesis tests a number of theories regarding the relationship between economic conditions and political behavior, including grievances and resources approaches. The analysis finds that countries harder hit by the crisis were more likely to experience declines in voter turnout, civic engagement, political protest and democratic support, suggesting the crisis had a demobilizing effect on participation. Similarly, at the individual level there was no evidence of a mobilization amongst those most vulnerable to the crisis, rather it continued to be those with resources that were most likely to participate in politics. The study contributes to our understanding of how economic conditions in uence political attitudes and behaviors, and more broadly speaks to the political ramifications of major economic shocks.},
  author = {Cameron, Sarah M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.7804/cses.module1.2003-08-04 ; 10.7804/cses.module2.2007-06-27 ; 10.7804/cses.module3.2013-03-27},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA5179 ; ZA5180 ; ZA5181},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  school = {Australian National University},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; CSES_I ; CSES_II ; CSES_III},
  title = {Citizen Responses to the Global Financial Crisis. A Comparative Study of Participation and Democratic Support},
  year = 2017
}

@article{vandermeer2017political,
  abstract = { This article extends and tests the trust-as-evaluation approach that is dominant in political science. Citizens supposedly grant and withhold trust in politics based on an assessment of its merits. We argue that the relevance of performances and processes should be conditional on the values that citizens hold dear and the accuracy with which they perceive them. Through multilevel analyses of the European Value Survey 2008, we model the (conditional) effects of a wide range of macro-economic outcomes and procedural characteristics on two aspects of political trust: satisfaction with democracy and confidence in political institutions. We find that macro-economic outcomes do not relate to political trust once we control for corruption. The effects of corruption and macro-economic outcomes are indeed stronger among the higher educated. However, the effect of macro-economic outcomes is not conditional on citizens’ values. We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for the use of the trust-as-evaluation approach. },
  author = {van der Meer, Tom and Hakhverdian, Armen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1177/0032321715607514},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321715607514},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {81-102},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Political Trust as the Evaluation of Process and Performance: A Cross-National Study of 42 European Countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321715607514},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2017
}

@book{brechon2013valeurs,
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book french},
  series = {Futuribles 395},
  title = {Les valeurs des Européens},
  url = {https://www.futuribles.com/fr/revue/395/},
  year = 2013
}

@article{english2018thermostatic,
  author = {English, Patrick},
  journal = {LSE Blog},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  title = {Thermostatic public opinion: why UK anti-immigrant sentiments rise and then fall},
  url = {http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/pro-and-anti-immigrant-sentiments/},
  year = 2018
}

@article{shih2019regression,
  abstract = {A regression tree method for analyzing rank data is proposed. A key ingredient of the methodology is to convert ranks into scores by paired comparison. We then utilize the GUIDE tree method on the score vectors to identify the preference patterns in the data. This method is exempt from selection bias and the simulation results show that it is good with respect to the selection of split variables and has a better prediction accuracy than the two other investigated methods in some cases. Furthermore, it is applicable to complex data which may contain incomplete ranks and missing covariate values. We demonstrate its usefulness in two real data studies.},
  author = {Shih, Yu-Shan and Liu, Kuang-Hsun},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.1007/s11634-018-0332-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  issn = {1862-5355},
  journal = {Advances in Data Analysis and Classification},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {683-702},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Regression trees for detecting preference patterns from rank data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11634-018-0332-3},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2019
}

@article{nn2018sterreicher,
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Oberösterreichisches Volksblatt},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Österreicher bleiben zwar religiös ... aber entkoppeln sich stärker von den Religionsgemeinschaften},
  url = {https://volksblatt.at/oesterreicher-bleiben-zwar-religioes/},
  year = 2018
}

@article{bartels2013political,
  author = {Bartels, Larry},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v1.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {The Monkey Cage - Blog},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {(Not Much) Political Polarization in Europe},
  url = {http://themonkeycage.org/2013/08/not-much-political-polarization-in-europe/},
  year = 2013
}

@article{koning2017selecting,
  abstract = {Academics have long predicted the tension between immigration and welfare to lead to the erosion of redistributive institutions, but empirical studies have found little evidence for that prediction. This paper argues that concerns about immigrant welfare dependence are more likely to lead to one or more of the following three responses: (1) changes to admission policies aimed at attracting those immigrants who are least likely to turn to the state for financial support; (2) restrictions on immigrants' access to social programmes and benefits; and (3) extensive integration services and immigrant-targeted labour market programmes. Combining a content analysis of party manifestoes and secondary analysis of cross-national survey data, this paper maps the views of parties and voters on these possible strategies in 15 Western European welfare states. The analysis reaches three main conclusions. First, the currency these responses enjoy differs strikingly from one country to another. Second, ideological affiliation helps to explain some of the variation within countries. Third, by and large the views of voters and the position of political parties seem to be in line with each other, albeit with important exceptions.},
  author = {Koning, Edward Anthony},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10987 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1057/s41295-017-0097-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4743 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {1740-388X},
  journal = {Comparative European Politics},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {628-660},
  study-id = {EB69.1 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Selecting, disentitling, or investing? Exploring party and voter responses to immigrant welfare dependence in 15 West European welfare states},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-017-0097-7},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2017
}

@article{grunow2018gender,
  abstract = {The authors argue, in line with recent research, that operationalizing gender ideology as a unidimensional construct ranging from traditional to egalitarian is problematic and propose an alternative framework that takes the multidimensionality of gender ideologies into account. Using latent class analysis, they operationalize their gender ideology framework based on data from the 2008 European Values Study, of which eight European countries reflecting the spectrum of current work–family policies were selected. The authors examine the form in which gender ideologies cluster in the various countries. Five ideology profiles were identified: egalitarian, egalitarian essentialism, intensive parenting, moderate traditional, and traditional. The five ideology profiles were found in all countries, but with pronounced variation in size. Ideologies mixing gender essentialist and egalitarian views appear to have replaced traditional ideologies, even in countries offering some institutional support for gendered separate spheres.},
  author = {Grunow, Daniela and Begall, Katia and Buchler, Sandra},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1111/jomf.12453},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1741-3737},
  journal = {Journal of Marriage and Family},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {42-60},
  publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc.},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Gender Ideologies in Europe: A Multidimensional Framework},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12453},
  volume = 80,
  year = 2018
}

@article{bruhl2018wertestudie,
  abstract = {Religion ist für die Menschen kein zentraler Lebensbereich mehr. Dennoch könnte sie eine Renaissance erleben.},
  author = {Brühl, Ute},
  journal = {Kurier},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  title = {Wertestudie: Die große Mehrheit der Österreicher glaubt an Gott},
  url = {https://kurier.at/leben/wertestudie-die-grosse-mehrheit-der-oesterreicher-glaubt-an-gott/400313685},
  year = 2018
}

@techreport{adler2018centrist,
  abstract = {A wave of new research has documented the decline in citizen support for democracy. But the distribution of anti-democratic attitudes remains unclear. In this article, I use the World Values Survey and European Values Survey to examine the relationship between democratic discontent and the left-right political spectrum. I find that, contrary to much contemporary commentary, hostility to democracy is strongest not at the political extremes, but in the center. Respondents at the center of the political spectrum are the least supportive of democracy, least committed to its institutions, and most supportive of authoritarianism. I refer to this surprising finding as the ‘centrist paradox.’ Recent research has advanced our understanding of extremist parties. We know far less, however, about moderates. The centrist paradox points to this lacuna.},
  author = {Adler, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3214467},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 24,
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Centrist Paradox. Political Correlates of the Democratic Disconnect},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3214467},
  year = 2018
}

@article{nn2019studie,
  abstract = {Religiöse Konfliktlinien zwischen dem „starken muslimischen Block und dem schwächelndem christlichen Block“ lassen sich in Österreich empirisch so nicht belegen.},
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {religion.orf.at},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Studie: Christen und Muslime unterscheidet wenig},
  url = {https://religion.orf.at/stories/2988687},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{klusakova2017promna,
  abstract = {This diploma thesis dealt with the issue of the transformation of family values of Czech women and men after 1989. In particular, due to the little attention to the development of family values and the related gender differences so far, the work aimed to reveal whether and how the family values change for women and men in the Czech population and the role played by the educational factor in this variable. The target was followed by a secondary analysis of the EVS data from the years 1991,  1999 and 2008.  The analysis showed that not all respondents' answers suggest a  steady increase in the support of liberal family values over time. Women with higher education can not be considered as representatives of change at the level of all tested areas of family values. The analysis proves that no single group can be identified as a representative of change. With regard to family and marriage, it seems more likely that, according to the results of the analysis, it is mostly men, often with a lower level of achieved education, who give more liberal answers in these areas. Education thus does not always need to contribute to an increase in the support of liberal values in society. In the area of parenthood it is mostly women with higher education who support liberal values. As regards values, marriage and parenthood have become two separated worlds, in which men and women within different educational groups take different stands.},
  author = {Klusáková, Markéta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  school = {University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Faculty of Philosophy},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Proměna rodinných hodnot po roce 1989 u českých žen a mužů v souvislosti se vzděláním},
  url = {https://dspace5.zcu.cz/bitstream/11025/28263/1/Diplomova%20prace_Klusakova.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{kecka2019postsecular,
  abstract = {This article discusses today’s complex religious situation in Slovakia, pondering the adequacy of the concepts usually used in this context. The last three decades have shown that the Western concepts of secularization, desecularization and/or post-secularism do not completely fit the Slovak religious reality that obviously goes beyond the Western conceptual horizon. While the countries in Western Europe are undergoing a postsecular turn, this does not seem to be the case in Slovakia, which has instead seen a very dynamic post-traditional turn characterized not only by belonging to a church and attending its services, but also by an openness to new spiritual possibilities outside the institutional ecclesiastical milieu. In the conditions of a modern society, post-traditional Christianity in Slovakia is experiencing transformations and adaptations of traditional religious forms. The case of Slovakia suggests that the contemporary academic study of religion has to learn how to ask correct, up-to-date questions on religion and non-religion to get the big picture and the details of the dynamics of the actual religious landscape in Slovakia.},
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Kečka, Roman},
  booktitle = {The Experience of Faith in Slavic Cultures and Literatures in the Context of Postsecular Though},
  doi = {10.31338/uw.9788323537175},
  editor = {Sosnowska, Danuta and Drzewiecka, Ewelina},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {84-103},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego},
  study = {EVS1991 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Postsecular or Post-Traditional? Slovakia between Tradition and Secularization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323537175},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{ganjour2016capital,
  abstract = {La thèse analyse l’impact de divers facteurs institutionnels sur le capital social dans une perspective comparative, macrosociologique. Des Analyses de Cluster et de Regressions Logistiques Binomiales sur plusieurs pays révèlent la présence de modèles très différents de capital social selon les pays tant du point de vue des normes que des pratiques de sociabilité. Divers facteurs tels que les pratiques successorales, économiques, maritales, de fécondité et de divortialité, ainsi que les pratiques éducatives et le capital social sont considérés. Les configurations entre ces facteurs sont analysées avec l’utilisation de la Qualitative Comparative Analyse (QCA). Les résultats de QCA mettent en valeur les facteurs nécessaires et suffisants pour la création du type bridging de capital social. L’analyse empirique utilise les données de l’ISSP International Social Survey Programm (2001) et de l’EVS European Values Studies (2008). La variation du capital social à travers les cinq régimes sociaux distingués par la typologie d’Esping-Andersen (1990): post-communiste, méditerranéen, conservateur, libéral et social-démocrate, confirme l’influence du facteur institutionnel. },
  author = {Ganjour, Olga},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.3680},
  doi = {10.13097/archive-ouverte/unige:83362},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA3680},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro french phdthesis},
  pages = 348,
  school = {Université de Genève},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2001},
  title = {Capital social et État-providence: une approche quantitative à partir des données de l'International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2001 et l'European Values Study (EVS) 2008 },
  url = {https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:83362},
  year = 2016
}

@article{kaasa2015culture,
  abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible relationship between religion, culture and social capital within specific regions. To this end, data from 85 regions across 26 European countries are analysed. Regression analysis is employed to examine cultural dimensions, religion-related aspects and the communist past as potential determinants of different components of social capital, while graphic analysis is used to support the generalisation and interpretation of the results. The findings from both regression and graphic analyses suggest that cultural dimensions explain variations in social capital levels more effectively than religion-related factors or distinctions based on a communist background. The conclusions, however, are limited to the European regions included in the study, as data were not available for all European countries and the inclusion of control variables was constrained by data availability. From a practical perspective, the results imply that when designing policies aimed at increasing social capital, policymakers should take into account the specific cultural characteristics of a region in order to better anticipate the likely success of such measures. The originality of the study lies in incorporating cultural dimensions grounded in Hofstede’s framework into the set of potential factors influencing the level of social capital in a region.},
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1108/IJSSP-11-2014-0110},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article},
  number = {11/12},
  pages = {772-794},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Culture, Religion and Social Capital: Evidence from European Regions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-11-2014-0110},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2015
}

@incollection{beugelsdijk2017measuring,
  address = {Cambridge, London},
  author = {Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and Klasing, Mariko J.},
  booktitle = {Social Economics Current and Emerging Avenues},
  editor = {Costa-Font, Joan and Macis, Mario},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {129-172},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  title = {Measuring Value Diversity within Countries},
  year = 2017
}

@article{gudzinskas2017trends,
  abstract = {The paper focuses on the variation of institutional confidence in the Baltic countries. Within of framework of qualitative comparative framework, it employs a historical approach to detect causes of divergence of trust in rule of law institutions between Estonia vis-à-vis other two Baltic states. While it observes a range of variables that could affect the differences, it emphasises the role of political leadership during critical junctures, which might explain both why Estonia forged ahead at the outset of the post-communist transformation and most recent positive developments in the Baltic countries since the financial crisis in 2008–2010.},
  author = {Gudžinskas, Liutauras},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1515/pce-2016-0020},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {1801-3422},
  journal = {Politics in Central Europe},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Trends in confi dence in public institutions: A comparative analysis of the Baltic countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/pce-2016-0020},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2017
}

@article{nn2018sterreicher,
  author = {N.N.},
  journal = {Oberösterreichisches Volksblatt},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Österreicher wollen ausgeglichene Work-Life-Balance},
  url = {https://volksblatt.at/oesterreicher-wollen-ausgeglichene-work-life-balance/},
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{levina2018anomia,
  address = {Riga},
  author = {Ļevina, Jeļena and Mārtinsone, Kristīne},
  booktitle = {Pluralism Anxiety. Acting Socially in Latvia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10162},
  editor = {Kruk, Sergei},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4767 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {67-90},
  publisher = {Rīga Stradiņš University},
  study-id = {EVS2008 Latvia},
  title = {Anomia, Social Participation and Subjective Well-being: a Psychological Perspective},
  url = {https://www.rsu.lv/sites/default/files/book_download/Kruks_Pluralism_Anxiety.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{dileo2019assessing,
  abstract = {This paper attempts to fill the gap on the existing entrepreneurship literature by empirically testing the influence of two groups of individual-level factors (socio-economic, demographic and perceptual characteristics) and two groups of country-level factors (both formal and informal institutional measures and macroeconomic variables) on three stages of the entrepreneurial process. We analyze the interplay between individual and context factors in nascent, young and established entrepreneurs across 49 different countries, mixing data from different sources and applying multilevel binary logistic regression models. Our results show that entrepreneurial activities are male headed, irrespectively of the entrepreneurial stage of their activities, and that highly-educated entrepreneurs are more oriented to start up new ventures. The existence of a wider network of people involved in entrepreneurship contributes to updating information on new markets and opportunities, leading to a more accurate entrepreneurial decision. The level of development of a country constitutes an important determinant of entrepreneurship but also moderates the relationship between entrepreneurship and institutional factors. In more developed countries, individual characteristics may be still determinant factors shaping the decision to become an entrepreneur, although their magnitude may depend on the stage of the entrepreneurial process. Finally, the key to entrepreneurship for both more and less developed countries seems to be their fiscal systems: a fair tax system that actively fights tax evasion and corruption seems to be essential to reducing the economic pressure associated with the creation and survival of ventures.},
  author = {Dileo, Ivano and Garcia Pereiro, Thais},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s11365-018-0528-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1555-1938},
  journal = {International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1393-1441},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Assessing the impact of individual and context factors on the entrepreneurial process. A cross-country multilevel approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0528-1},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{mascherini2017quadro,
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Mascherini, Massimiliano},
  booktitle = {Una generazione in panchina, da Neet a risorsa per il paese},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-88-343-3324-2},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {17-28},
  publisher = {Vita E Pensiero},
  series = {Quaderni Rapporto Giovani n.6},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Il quadro dei NEET in Europa: caratteristiche e costi socio-economici},
  url = {http://www.rapportogiovani.it/new/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/978-88-343-3324-2.pdf},
  year = 2017
}

@article{ariely2015trusting,
  abstract = {Despite the fact that the media serves as a vital source of information about politics, the relation between media trust and political trust has largely been overlooked, especially outside the USA. Adopting a comparative approach, this study examines the way(s) in which trust in the press and political trust are related across dissimilar media environments. Analyzing survey data from 32 European countries, we found that while trust in the press and political trust are positively related, the magnitude of the relation differs across countries. This variation is explained by three structural components within the media environment: media autonomy, journalistic professionalism, and party/press parallelism. The multilevel models indicate that countries with more media autonomy and journalistic professionalism evince a weaker relation between media trust and political trust. A stronger relation obtains in media environments characterized by party/press parallelism. These findings illustrate how media environments affect citizen perceptions toward the political sphere: the less restricted and more professional the media environment, the more the public perceptions have the opportunity to be affected by what is being reported. },
  author = {Ariely, Gal},
  doi = {10.1080/17457289.2014.997739},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.997739},
  journal = {Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2015 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {351-367},
  title = {Trusting the Press and Political Trust: A Conditional Relationship},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.997739},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2015
}

@article{litina2016cultural,
  abstract = {Summary This paper investigates the hypothesis that individual environmental attitudes are partly determined by a cultural component. Our analysis tackles this issue both theoretically and empirically. In the theoretical section of the paper, we describe a model of intergenerational transmission of cultural traits. In the empirical section, we use survey data from the European Values Study, to empirically identify this cultural component in environmental attitudes. We use a comparative approach that exploits variations associated with European migration flows. Our findings suggest that culture has a persistent and statistically significant impact on the environmental values of migrants: differences in environmental attitudes among migrants can be traced back to social values that persist in their countries of origin. We also show that environmental attitudes are resilient to incentives derived from the external environment: environmental conditions migrants have been exposed to in their countries of origin do not have a significant impact on their preferences when living in the host country. Our empirical findings are robust to a number of alternative assumptions and present interesting dimensions of heterogeneity concerning the cultural transmission process. These results imply that in the presence of multiple environmental problems that require collective action, comprehending the driving forces behind the formation of an environmental culture is critical to effective policy formation. },
  author = {Litina, Anastasia and Moriconi, Simone and Zanaj, Skerdilajda},
  doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.03.016},
  issn = {0305-750X},
  journal = {World Development },
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {131 - 148},
  title = {The Cultural Transmission of Environmental Values: A Comparative Approach},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X16000619},
  volume = 84,
  year = 2016
}

@book{pollack2015religion,
  abstract = {"Sind Religion und Moderne vereinbar, führen Modernisierungsprozesse zur Säkularisierung oder hat die Religion selbst modernisierende Potenziale? Anhand einzelner europäischer und außereuropäischer Länder - u.a. Italien, Niederlande, Deutschland, Polen, Russland, USA, Südkorea und Brasilien - gehen die Autoren dem Verhältnis von Modernisierung und religiösem Wandel nach. Entgegen der Säkularisierungstheorie zeigen die Fallbeispiele, dass Modernisierung und religiöse Revitalisierung Hand in Hand gehen können. In europäischen Gesellschaften dominiert jedoch eine Konstellation, die zu einer starken Abschwächung religiöser und kirchlicher Bindungen geführt hat."Für die Analysen dienen neben anderen Datenquellen die ALLBUS-Daten von 1996, 2002 und 2012 als Datengrundlage.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 30. Fassung, März 2016},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  author = {Pollack, Detlef and Rosta, Gergely},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {German},
  publisher = {Campus Verlag},
  series = {Religion und Moderne},
  study = {ALLBUS1996 ; ALLBUS2002 ; ALLBUS2012},
  title = {Religion in der Moderne: Ein internationaler Vergleich},
  year = 2015
}

@article{carriero2017religion,
  abstract = {The article aims to investigate the relationship between individual religiosity and attitudes towards government responsibility for citizens' welfare. The rationale for such a relationship stems from the idea that religion and government spending can be intended as substitute mechanisms that may insure individuals against negative life events. We theorized the existence of an additional and opposite mechanism working in certain contexts: complementarity of responsibility. The local solutions provided by Church organizations and State interventions are not always perceived to be in opposition, but they can reinforce each other. In testing the relationship between religiosity and attitudes toward public support, we hypothesized a moderating impact of contextual features: the prevalent religious denomination in a country and the type of welfare state regime. Both may have indeed influence on citizens' opinions about the role of government responsibility because they contribute to shape individual preferences. To address these issues in a multilevel framework, we analyse the integrated European Value Study database for 31 European countries. Our results confirm that the different Christian doctrines, the various types of welfare state regimes, as well as the combinations of the two, shape differently the relationship between religiosity and attitudes toward government responsibility. },
  author = {Carriero, Renzo and Filandri, Marianna and Molteni, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1423/88794},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0486-0349},
  journal = {Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, Rivista trimestrale fondata da Camillo Pellizzi},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {769-802},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religion, welfare regimes and attitudes toward government responsibility for citizens' welfare. A European comparative analysis},
  url = {https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.1423/88794},
  year = 2017
}

@article{stricot2013croyants,
  abstract = {«Quelles valeurs partagent les jeunes? Comment évoluent-elles depuis 30 ans?». Telles ont été les questions posées mardi 4 juin lors d'une conférence-débat organisée par l'Injep (Institut national de la jeunesse et de l'éducation populaire) à la Maison des sciences de l'homme (Paris 13e). Parmi les thèmes abordés, il a été question de l'appartenance et de la pratique religieuse chez les jeunes générations. Les jeunes Français et ceux issus de l'immigration seraient enclins à relativiser leur religion et leur spiritualité.},
  author = {Stricot, Matthieu},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  day = 6,
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Le Monde Des Religions},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  month = {June},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Croyants ou non, les jeunes veulent vivre la religion autrement},
  url = {http://www.lemondedesreligions.fr/dyn/imprimer.php?link=/savoir/croyants-ou-non-les-jeunes-veulent-vivre-la-religion-autrement-06-06-2013-3154_110.php},
  year = 2013
}

@book{chiva2018gender,
  abstract = {This book traces the struggles over the institutions of political representation in Central and Eastern Europe, focusing on the factors that have held women back over the post-communist period, as well as on the growing evidence for change throughout the region. Post-communist Europe has long raised two puzzles for scholars of women’s representation in politics. First, why have women been under-represented in politics in every country in the region since communism’s collapse? Secondly, why are there relatively few cases where women’s advocates have been successful in pressing for change? This comparative study of Europe’s new democracies argues that these puzzles are best understood as questions about male dominance – that is, about the mechanisms that sustain, or, alternatively, change long-established patterns of male over-representation in politics over time. The author covers six EU member states – Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia – during the period 1990-2016. The book will be of use to students and scholars in the fields of Comparative Politics, Democracy and Democratization, European Studies, Gender Studies, Post-Communist Studies, and Central and Eastern European Studies.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Chiva, Cristina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1057/978-1-137-01177-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-1-137-01176-3},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Gender and Politics},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Gender, Institutions and Political Representation. Reproducing Male Dominance in Europe’s New Democracies
},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-01177-0},
  year = 2018
}

@book{meda2017reinventing,
  abstract = {This book looks at the history of work and the meanings that are attached to it over time. Taking as its basis a number of international surveys and interviews conducted in Europe, the authors consider the significance of work for Europeans today. Over the years the meaning of work has changed. It has become more highly diversified, and it is today invested with high expectations that conflict with organisational developments and the changing nature of the labour market. The authors use a generational perspective to explore whether it is possible to reconcile the contemporary “ethos” of work, especially with regards to women and young people, with organisations that are increasingly under pressure to be profitable and productive. Reinventing Work in Europe will be of interest to scholars and students in the areas of sociology of work, employment and organizations, labour studies, digital economy, and political economy.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Meda, Dominique and Vendramin, Patricia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.11648},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-39525-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4350},
  isbn = {978-3-319-39525-8},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book},
  pages = 265,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP2005},
  title = {Reinventing Work in Europe: Value, Generations and Labour},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39525-8},
  year = 2017
}

@incollection{rossi2014famiglia,
  address = {Siena},
  author = {Rossi, Giovanna},
  booktitle = {La famiglia, luce di Dio in una società senza Dio. Nuova evangelizzazione e famiglia},
  editor = {Peréz-Soba, Juan José},
  isbn = {978 88 6879 0462},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro incollection other},
  pages = {35-75},
  publisher = {Cantagalli},
  series = {Studi sulla persona e la famiglia 25},
  title = {Famiglia e trasmissione di fede},
  year = 2014
}

@article{blohm2013respondent,
  abstract = {Nonresponse is an ongoing challenge for survey research. In the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) 2010, an experiment was set up to test the effect of respondent incentives on outcome rates, sample composition and fieldwork efforts. A random subsample of target persons was offered a monetary incentive of €10 to be paid upon completion of the interview. The other part of the sample acted as a control group receiving no incentive. The incentive used in ALLBUS 2010 led to an increase in the response rate, mainly by improving the cooperation rate. It did not change the sample composition in a major way. Concerning fieldwork efforts, a slight reduction was observed: In the incentive condition, a given number of interviews was achieved with a lower number of contact attempts than in the no incentive condition.},
  author = {Blohm, Michael and Koch, Achim},
  doi = {10.12758/mda.2013.004},
  journal = {MDA - methods, data, analyses},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {89-122},
  title = {Respondent Incentives in a National Face-to-Face Survey. Effects on Outcome Rates, Sample Composition and Fieldwork Efforts},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.12758/mda.2013.004},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2013
}

@article{rimac2010analysis,
  abstract = {Using the correlational model of multiple regression analysis, the authors analyzed data on characteristics of the procedure of on-field sampling, descriptors of the interviewing procedure, descriptors of interviewers, settlements where interviews were done, and characteristics of contact and respondents. These were analyzed as descriptors of the behavior of 139 interviewers in the European Values Study in Croatia. Availability of respondents as a combination of demographic and contact characteristics was detected as the main predictor of variability of the response rate. Another set of predictors were recognized in the set of characteristics of interviewers’ behavior which do not comply with the proposed rules of sampling or interviewing. Those predictors clearly depict interviewers' utility oriented behavior aiming at maximizing the financial effects of engagement in fieldwork. Therefore, real economic-motivation model of fieldwork management has to be developed in order to prevent practice of utilitarian disobeying fieldwork rules. Other predictors show considerably less or none of the predictive power with regard to the response rate.},
  author = {Rimac, Ivan and Zorec, Lea and Ogresta, Jelena},
  journal = {Journal for General Social Issues},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article other},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {47-67},
  title = {Analysis of Survey Response Rate in the European Values Study},
  url = {http://hrcak.srce.hr/52188},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2010
}

@article{gugushvili2017political,
  abstract = {Building on the previously investigated macro-sociological models which analyze the consequences of economic development, income inequality, and international migration on social mobility, this article studies the specific contextual covariates of intergenerational reproduction of occupational status in post-communist societies. It is theorized that social mobility is higher in societies with democratic political regimes and less liberalized economies. The outlined hypotheses are tested by using micro- and macro-level datasets for 21 post-communist societies which are fitted into multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions. The derived findings suggest that factors specific to transition societies, conventional macro-level variables, and the legacy of the Soviet Union explain variation in intergenerational social mobility, but the results vary depending which birth cohorts survey participants belong to and whether or not they stem from advantaged or disadvantaged social origins. These findings are robust to various alternative data, sample, and method specifications.},
  author = {Gugushvili, Alexi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.06.003},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0049-089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro article english},
  number = {Supplement C},
  pages = {58-81},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Political democracy, economic liberalization, and macro-sociological models of intergenerational mobility},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X15300892},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2017
}

@book{suwada2017fathering,
  abstract = {This book provides an account of fatherhood and changing parental roles in Sweden and Poland. It uses a comparative perspective to show what men understand a father’s role to be, and how they seek to live up to it. Fathering, the author argues, is a social phenomenon grounded in cultural patterns of parenting, gender roles and models of masculinity, and also shaped by family policy. Being a father today, she demonstrates, is longer connected solely with being the main breadwinner. Rather, it has become increasingly common for fathers to take on duties traditionally regarded as the domain of women. This means that men often face conflicting expectations based on different models of fatherhood. The aim of this thought-provoking book is to track these models, analysing their origins and their consequences for gender order. It will appeal to students and scholars of gender studies, the sociology of families and social policy studies.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Suwada, Katarzyna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.2620 ; 10.4232/1.11564 ; 10.4232/1.12661 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-47782-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2620 ; ZA3880 ; ZA5900 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-319-47781-7},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2017 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 315,
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study-id = {ISSP1994 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2012 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Men, Fathering and the Gender Trap. Sweden and Poland compared},
  year = 2017
}

@article{borsenberger2016welfare,
  abstract = {Welfare regime types are classified according to the role played by three main institutions, namely the market, the state and the family. They can be reinterpreted as systems of exchanges for providing resources based on the main principles of liberty, equality and solidarity. Depending on the different possible dialectical relations between these three principles, they lead to different social cohesion regimes. This paper is the first attempt to empirically test this hypothesis at a European level by elaborating a measure of social cohesion based on values and creating a typology of social cohesion regimes. In comparison to welfare regimes, it invites to go one step further by considering the articulation between the three main principles and proposes a more precise classification for countries. The results invite further research on the links between welfare and social cohesion regimes. The analysis is based on data from the 2008 European Values Study (EVS) in 43 countries using principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses. },
  author = {Borsenberger, Monique and Fleury, Charles and Dickes, Paul},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2016.1172717},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {221-244},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Welfare regimes and social cohesion regimes: do they express the same values?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2016.1172717},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2016
}

@article{bruhl2018werte,
  author = {Brühl, Ute},
  journal = {Kurier},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Werte: Familie ist hohes Gut, Arbeit nur noch das halbe Leben},
  url = {https://kurier.at/leben/wertestudie-familie-ist-am-wichtigsten-arbeit-nur-noch-das-halbe-leben/400300425},
  year = 2018
}

@book{poguntke2015citizenship,
  abstract = {Democracies are transforming worldwide, but at the same time political inequality is increasing. This development threatens to leave growing portions of mass publics effectively ‘outside’ the political process. This volume brings together leading authorities in the field of democratic citizenship and participation to address pertinent questions concerning the quality of the democratic political process at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Analysing causes and consequences of recent developments in democratic governance and citizenship, it contributes new and original research to the ongoing debate on the crisis of representative democracy. The contributors deal with a broad range of issues including aspects of democratic citizenship and citizens' perceptions of system performance, political inequality and the democratic impact of participatory innovations. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students in democratization studies, democratic citizenship, comparative politics, political sociology and political participation. Table of Contents: Introduction: Citizenship, participation and democracy in an era of crisis Thomas Poguntke, Sigrid Roßteutscher, Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck and Sonja Zmerli PART 1 Citizenship and perceptions of system performance 2 Democratic institutions and citizen beliefs about democracy: How do they interact? Max Kaase 3 What’s gone wrong with democracy, or with theories explaining why it has? Jacques Thomassen 4 When representation fails: Behavioural reactions to perceived failure of political representation in France and Germany Oscar W. Gabriel 5. Mass media and political trust in Europe: Testing for ‘rainmaker’ effects Sonja Zmerli, Kenneth Newton and Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck 6 The dynamics of good citizenship norms M. Kent Kennings PART II Inequality: socialization and supply-side perspectives 7 Early conditions of political participation and civic integration of immigrant-children Hartmut Esser 8 Political socialization and inequality: The role of primary schools Simone Abendschön and Sigrid Roßteutscher 9 Much ado about something? Demand- and supply-side participation in a dysfunctional democratic market William A. Maloney 10 Living in different worlds? Left-wing parties and trade unions Thomas Poguntke PART III The democratic impact of participatory innovations 11 Is digitally networked participation a form of political participation? Yannis Theocharis 12 Citizen engagement and acting in the interest of citizens in the EU Beate Kohler-Koch 13 Representative vs. direct democracy in Germany: A contribution to an ongoing debate Franz Urban Pappi 14 Democratic citizenship under challenge Thomas Poguntke, Sigrid Roßteutscher, Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck and Sonja Zmerli},
  address = {London},
  editor = {Poguntke, Thomas and Rossteutscher, Sigrid and Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger and Zmerli, Sonja},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 256,
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {Routledge Research in Comparative Politics},
  title = {Citizenship and Democracy in an Era of Crisis. Essays in honour of Jan W. van Deth},
  year = 2015
}

@article{jagodzinski2006comparative,
  abstract = {This paper gives a broad overview over comparative surveys in Europe which are so far available in European archives. In contrast to cultural relativism, it defends comparative research as an essential means for deepening our understanding of other cultures and our own culture as well. The article gives a historical overview of the most important comparative surveys with European participation after World War II and ends with the presentation of three large survey programs: the European and World Value Surveys, the International Social Survey Program, and the European Social Survey. Only the latter has succeeded, however, in building up a sufficiently large infrastructure for the support of questionnaire  drafting,  translation,  sampling,  data  collection,  data  processing  and archiving, and data analysis. We can only hope that a similar infrastructure can be established for other international survey programs in the future.},
  author = {Jagodzinski, Wolfgang},
  journal = {Kwansei Gakuin Sociology Department studies},
  keywords = {2006 EVS EVS_input2016 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 101,
  pages = {1-13},
  title = {Comparative Survey Research and its Infrastructure in Europe},
  url = {http://www.kwansei.ac.jp/s_sociology/attached/5432_45652_ref.pdf},
  year = 2006
}

@article{damian2019formal,
  abstract = {For the first time, this study examined both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of contextual cultural and economic characteristics of individual formal volunteering. A study sample of 116,380 respondents from 33 countries and four waves from the European Values Study (1981-2008) was used. The hierarchical logistic models indicate that a long-standing theoretical idea regarding the positive relationship between contextual religiosity and formal volunteering is not supported by European data. Specifically, I found that people living in secular and economically equal countries are more likely to engage in voluntary activities. Longitudinally, there is a decrease in formal volunteering over 27 years; however, none of the cultural and economic country-level variables explain variation across time. These differential cross-sectional and longitudinal effects highlight the need to use repeated cross-sectional data. },
  author = {Damian, Elena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/1069397118802228},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1069-3971},
  journal = {Cross-Cultural Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {385-409},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Formal Volunteering in Europe: Evidence Across Nations and Time},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118802228},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2019
}

@article{jezovita2019metodoloki,
  abstract = {Longitudinalno istraživanje osmišljeno je radi prikupljanja opservacija o određenom fenomenu tijekom duljeg vremenskog razdoblja. Primjer takvog istraživanja, točnije studije trenda, jest projekt Europske studije vrijednosti (European Values Study), koji se provodi u devetogodišnjim razmacima od 1981. godine. Hrvatska je sudjelovala u posljednja tri istraživačka vala, 1999., 2008. i 2018. godine. U ovom radu provedena je analiza usporedivosti anketnih istraživanja realiziranih u Hrvatskoj u sklopu navedenog projekta, i to s obzirom na primijenjenu metodologiju uzorkovanja te promjene u korištenom istraživačkom instrumentu, odnosno anketnom upitniku. Rezultati analize pokazali su sve složeniju diferenciranost metodologije uzorkovanja, visoku razinu povezanosti rezultata u sva tri istraživačka vala, što upućuje na mogućnost usporedbe trendova, kao i nisku razinu povezanosti između promjena u trendovima rezultata i izmjena u istraživačkom instrumentu. Na temelju toga može se zaključiti da EVS u Hrvatskoj i dalje zadržava obilježja studije trenda, neovisno o promjenama u istraživačkom instrumentu.},
  author = {Ježovita, J. and Balabanić, I. and Plenković, M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.5559/di.28.3.03},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Društvena istraživanja : časopis za opća društvena pitanja},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {411-433},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Metodološki okvir anketnih istraživanja Europske studije vrijednosti na primjeru Hrvatske (Methodological Framework for the European Values Study Surveys on the Case of Croatia)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5559/di.28.3.03},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{moniz2018proposta,
  abstract = {With this paper, we intend to understand what theoretical and empirical strategies allow us to measure the centrality and intensity of traditional religious meanings, as well as its more plural and diffuse modern expressions, in the individuals' life, in the first decade and a half of the twenty-first century. For that purpose, we offer a conceptualization and measurement model of religion – an index of religiosity – that we consider being effective and adequate to describe and measure its manifold contemporary expressions and dimensions. In order to build our index, we drew on some of the existing patterns of measurement, namely Huber & Huber’s work, and on three specific statistical databases: the European Values Survey (1999-2008), the European Social Survey (2002-2014), and the World Christian Database (2015). To go beyond the theoretical constructs and the standardization of a religiosity index, we analyze and measure religion in a specific group of European countries and we compare the various levels of religiosity among them.},
  address = {Covilha, Portugal},
  author = {Moniz, Jorge Botelho},
  booktitle = {X Congresso Português de Sociologia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11523 ; 10.4232/1.10152},
  eventdate = {10.07.-12.07.2018},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3779 v3.0.1 ; V4754 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Proposta metodológica de teorização e medição dos fenómenos religiosos contemporâneos: o índice de religiosidade (Methodological proposal of theorization and mensuration of contemporary religious phenomena: the religiosity index)},
  url = {https://aps.pt/wp-content/uploads/X_Congresso/Teorias_XAPS-29957.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{schalembier2019evaluation,
  abstract = {This study explains how income inequality affects life satisfaction in Europe. Although research about the impact of income inequality on life satisfaction is inconclusive, authors suggest several reasons for its potential impact. In the literature section we discuss three types of explanations for the impact of inequality: pure aversion for inequality, aversion for inequality motivated by how an individual is personally affected by inequality and preferences for equality of opportunities. In order to test these explanations, we examine how three corresponding variables, respectively attitude towards redistribution, income and perceived mobility, interact with both actual and perceived income inequality in multilevel analyses using data from the European Values Survey. Our results reveal that there are significant differences between how people are affected by actual income inequality and how they are affected by perceived income inequality. The impact of perceived income inequality on life satisfaction depends on perceived mobility in society and income, while the impact of actual income inequality solely depends on perceived mobility. We conclude that traditional explanations often erroneously assume that people correctly assess income inequality. Moreover these explanations are more capable of clarifying the effect of perceived income inequality on life satisfaction than that of actual inequality.},
  author = {Schalembier, Benjamin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-018-9970-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5400 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1389-4978},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2018 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {777-794},
  study-id = {ISSP2009 ; EVS2008},
  title = {An Evaluation of Common Explanations for the Impact of Income Inequality on Life Satisfaction},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9970-6},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2019
}

@article{lubelcova2019ivotn,
  abstract = {The study focuses on the theme of life chances as an opportunity for a full-fledged life and people's livelihood. The first part of the paper focuses on the main conceptual frameworks of lifestyle chances. On the basis of these, an outline of the basic social mechanisms that decide on the real distribution of the life chances of social actors is formulated. Key are presented: performance-distributive, redistributive, control and sociable mechanisms. The second part of the contribution focuses on the analysis of subjective perceptions of life opportunities through a secondary analysis of selected relevant issues from international ISSP research showing subjective assessment of the possibilities and factors of life success and self-realization of people during the transformation development of Slovak society.},
  author = {Lubelcová, Gabriela and Zeman, Milan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 5,
  pages = {455-482},
  study = {ISSP1992 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2016},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Životné šance sociálnych aktérov v kontexte spoločenského vývoja na Slovensku – subjektívna dimenzia [Life Chances of Social Actors in the Context of Societal Development in Slovakia – Subjective Dimension]},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=802388},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{doganoglu2020should,
  abstract = {In this paper we construct country specific indices of mobility and trust. We use Google Covid 19 Community Mobility Reports for the former, and World Values Survey and the European Values Study for the latter. We find that the trust index has some power in explaining mobility attitudes of nations, and trust increases mobility around workplaces, groceries/pharmacies, parks, and transit stations. We then present a model where people decide whether to stay at home or go out and if they go out how much effort to spend to protect themselves from the disease which has positive externalities on others. We assume that the effort cost of protection depends on the norm in the community and show that more people can go out when either the norm increases or people put more weight on it. Interpreting the weight on the norm as a measure of trust, our theory sheds light on the empirical findings.},
  address = {Wüzburg},
  author = {Doganoglu, Toker and Ozdenoren, Emre},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {University of Wüzburg},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 26,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Should I stay or should I go (out): The role of trust and norms in disease prevention during pandemics},
  url = {https://www.wiwi.uni-wuerzburg.de/fileadmin/12010300/2020/covid_05052020.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{vanhouwelingen2019leven,
  abstract = {In this article, we study trends in secularization and spiritualization in the Netherlands in the period 1981-2017. Using data from the European Values Study, we first show that traditional religiosity is on the decline: the level of church membership, church visits,
and trust in the church decreased as well as traditional religious beliefs such as belief in a personal god. The cohorts born between 1940 and 1960 (the babyboom generation) triggered this change, which seems to come to a stop in the most recent cohorts. With respect to less traditional religiosity,we find that belief in some sort of spirit or life force and belief in re-incarnation increased in the last decades. This mainly is a (temporary) cohort effect, which we only observe in the Netherlands, and not in Germany, Denmark, France and Great Britain: the Dutch babyboom generation seemedto be attracted to New Age beliefs around the turn of the century. The youngest cohorts (the Millenials) on the other hand do not show high levels of spiritual beliefs. This implies that the youngest cohorts are more similar to their &#8216;grandparents&#8217; than to their &#8216;parents&#8217;when it comes to religion and spirituality. Future research will have to show whether the exceptional position of the youngest cohorts marks a rebound in religiosity.},
  author = {van Houwelingen, Pepijn and de Hart, Joep},
  doi = {10.5117/MEM2019.4.003.VANH},
  journal = {Mens en maatschappij},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {399-428},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Is er leven na de babyboomers? : Kerk en geloof in de afgelopen decennia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2019.4.003.VANH},
  volume = 94,
  year = 2019
}

@article{eika2019urban,
  abstract = {This paper investigates what makes developers and municipal planning authorities more (or less) likely to cooperate. It borrows methods from behavioural economics for eliciting the propensity of cooperation in different groups under different circumstances. Participants from private development companies, public planning, and related fields have played simple games in which they chose whether to cooperate in an urban transformation scenario (N = 269). By altering minor details, we learn about what makes people cooperate. The paper is able to quantify some human biases affecting the actions we observe in development projects: The findings indicate that people tend to be more cooperative towards people from the same sector, are less likely to cooperate in riskier scenarios, and in situations where some group members have fewer resources to contribute to the cooperative effort. Hopefully, the novelty of using economic experiments on planning and property development decision making could serve as an inspiration for other researchers in the field, although the methodology does carry limited external validity. },
  author = {Eika, Anders},
  doi = {10.1080/09599916.2019.1615977},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09599916.2019.1615977},
  journal = {Journal of Property Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {291-311},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Urban development and cooperation games},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09599916.2019.1615977},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{coufalova2020change,
  abstract = {This thesis employs the globalization and integration-demarcation cleavage theory formulated by Huttar [2014] and Kriesi [2012], conception of populism formulated by Mudde [2017] and draws on Gramscian conception of civil society and hegemony. Aim of this thesis is to build a model of causal influence of globalization on cleavage and on populism, as was suggested by Hutter [2014]. After building this model, the aim is to explore how this theoretical relationship hold’s over the 30 years since 90’s, when the connection between globalization and new sociocultural cleavage had been theoretically suggested. For this model I am using KOF Globalization Index, European Values Survey datasets and Authoritarian Populism Index constructed and published by Timbro in years 1990, 1999, 2008 and 2017. This model is built on a dataset containing 38 countries on European continent or being a candidate country for EU. I am elaborating Hutter’s theoretical suggestion and framing it in Gramscian conception of civil society. This allows me to suggest that populists are using organic crisis in a society to attract people who feel disjointed from current hegemonical elite and to create counterhegemony. The theory is, that globalization increases the tension between winners and losers of globalization sides of cleavage and through this is mediated globalization’s effect on populism. Populism is theorised to be on a rise because of this mediated effect of globalization. My results have shown that it’s more complex, globalization and cleavage are intersecting in their influence of populism, but globalization is actually influencing populism directly. Its mediated effect on populism through cleavage is surprisingly found negative. Moreover, I have found that globalization is actually lowering the amount of people on demarcation side of cleavage. These results have furthermore proved relatively stable over time.},
  address = {Prag},
  author = {Coufalová, Linda},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13314 ; 10.4232/1.13486.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Univerzita Karlova},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Change in Civil Society? Connecting Globalisation and Sociocultural Cleavage with the Rise of Populism},
  type = {Diplomarbeit},
  url = {https://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/214424/?lang=en},
  year = 2020
}

@book{twist2019partnering,
  abstract = {As long as far-right parties—known chiefly for their vehement opposition to immigration—have competed in contemporary Western Europe, many have worried about these parties’ acceptability to democratic voters and mainstream parties. Yet, rather than treating the far right as pariahs, major mainstream-right parties have included the far right in 15 governing coalitions from 1994 to 2017. Parties do not care equally about all issues at any given time, and Kimberly Twist demonstrates that far-right parties will agree to support the mainstream right’s goals more readily than many other parties, making them appealing partners. Partnering with Extremists builds on existing work on coalition formation and party goals to propose a theory of coalition formation that works across countries and over time. The evidence comes from 19 case studies of coalition formation in Austria and the Netherlands, countries where far-right parties have been excluded when they could have been included and included when the mainstream right had other options. The argument is then extended to countries where coalitions are less common, France and the United Kingdom, and to cases of mainstream-right adoption of far-right themes. Twist incorporates both office and policy considerations in her argument and reimagines “policy” to be a two-dimensional factor; it matters not just where parties are located on an issue but how firmly they hold those positions.},
  address = {Ann Arbor},
  author = {Twist, Kimberly A.},
  doi = {10.3998/mpub.10117163},
  isbn = {9780472131341},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  pages = 236,
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  study = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Partnering with Extremists : Coalitions Between Mainstream and Far-Right Parties in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.10117163},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{besamusca2019vulnerable,
  abstract = {This working paper explores the extent to which different vulnerable groups in European labour markets are measured across 24 (27) data sets covering the European area. It studies the measurement of nine actor characteristics that have been associated with employment vulnerability: age, gender, sexual orientation, single parenthood, disability, religion, ethnicity, nationality and migration status. The inventory identified a number of measures that are relatively straightforward in regard to harmonisation. These include age groups and gender (binary), as well as migration status and nationality on higher levels of aggregation. A second set of vulnerable groups is identified indirectly, through questions on household composition and household grids. These are sexual orientation and single parenthood. Disability status has proven hard to harmonise, because the selected surveys operationalised the concept in different ways. There is relatively little data on respondents’ ethnicity, nationality, migration status and religion. These variables are often excluded from studies, or included only at very high levels of aggregation. Finally, the inventory revealed three data gaps. There are no surveys in the European data infrastructure that measure levels of citizenship rights or non-binary gender identity and the identification of sexual minorities respondents beyond cohabiting same-sex couples is impossible in most surveys.},
  address = {Leuven},
  author = {Besamusca, Janna and Steinmetz, Stephanie},
  institution = {InGRID - HIVA - Research Institute for Work and Society},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 49,
  series = {InGRID-2 project},
  title = {Vulnerable groups in European data sets: an inventory of the measurement of vulnerable groups in 27 data sets covering the European area. Deliverable 11.3},
  url = {http://www.inclusivegrowth.eu/files/Output/D11.3_inventory_report.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{sedlackova2019trust,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Sedláčková, Markéta and Šafr, Jiří},
  booktitle = {Trust in Contemporary Society},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004390430},
  editor = {Sasaki, Masamichi},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {104-137},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Trust in Transition: Culturalist and Institutionalist Debate Reflected in the Democratization Process in the Czech Republic, 1991--2008},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004390430},
  year = 2019
}

@book{schmidtke2019politics,
  abstract = {Why has global tax governance been politicized and how can we explain the varying intensity and content of public debates? This book offers an integrated theory of the politicization of international institutions and a detailed account of how the institutional design and policy output of tax governance by the EU and OECD have developed over time. Offering the first in-depth empirical analysis to compare politicization across international institutions, it blends institutionalist explanations that focus on the growing authority of international institutions, and sociological and political economy approaches that take into account domestic context. Exploring why and how international institutions have become increasingly contested in the 21st century, this book will be of particular interest to the scholars of the transfer of authority from the nation-state to international institutions, and the societal repercussions and political struggles that connect these processes. Researchers in },
  address = {Abingdon},
  author = {Schmidtke, Henning},
  doi = {10.4324/9781351012430},
  edition = {1st Edition},
  isbn = {9781138540842},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  pages = 224,
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {Global Governance},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Politics of Global Tax Governance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351012430},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{harka2019studying,
  abstract = {We use Italian municipality data on education and voter participation in national elections to estimate the effect of schooling on voter turnout. By adopting a fixed effect instrumental variable identification strategy, we find that education reduces voter turnout, more so in municipalities with higher income, lower social capital, which experienced political misconduct in the past and have low institutional quality. Analysis with individual data confirms these results. We discuss several mechanisms to rationalize our findings ranging from the opportunity cost of time to disaffection and civic protest.},
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {Harka, Elona and Rocco, Lorenzo},
  institution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 12816,
  pages = 45,
  series = {IZA Discussion Papers},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Studying More to Vote Less: Education and Voter Turnout in Italy},
  url = {http://ftp.iza.org/dp12816.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{carpantier2018dissecting,
  abstract = {This research explores whether religiosity has a persistent effect on economic outcomes. We follow a three-step analysis. First, we use a sample of migrants in the United States to establish that religiosity in the country of origin has a lasting effect on the religiosity of migrants. Second, by exploiting variation in the inherited component of religiosity of migrants and controlling only for a baseline set of controls, we uncover a causal link between several aspects of religiosity and income level. The empirical findings of the second step suggest that i) church attendance has a positive impact on income; and ii) stronger faith is associated with a higher income. Finally, we augment the set of controls included in the measure of inherited religiosity in order to capture the effects of social capital, education, and of traits conducive to income growth. When controlling for social capital, the effect of religious attendance on economic outcomes vanishes, and when controlling for the presence of traits conducive to growth, the effect of intensity of faith vanishes as well. We therefore conclude that when properly accounting for unobservables, religiosity does not affect per capita income.},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Carpantier, Jean-Francois and Litina, Anastasia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1515/bejm-2016-0219},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-25},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Dissecting the act of god: an exploration of the effect of religiosity on economic activity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/bejm-2016-0219},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2018
}

@inproceedings{wutchiett2019diversification,
  address = {Toronto},
  author = {Wutchiett, David},
  booktitle = {WAPOR 72nd Annual Conference, Toronto, May 19th, 2019},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-20},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Diversification, Inequality and Poverty as Related to Trust in Eastern European and Eurasian Democratic Institutions: A Multilevel Longitudinal Study},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{boeckmann2019europische,
  address = {Münster},
  author = {Boeckmann, Klaus-Börge},
  booktitle = {Mit Sprache Grenzen überwinden : Sprachenlernen und Wertebildung im Kontext von Flucht und Migration},
  editor = {Sabine, Schmölzer-Eibinger and Muhammed, Akbulut and Bora, Bushati},
  isbn = {9783830940425},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {41-54},
  publisher = {Waxmann Verlag},
  title = {"Europäische" Werte und die Problematik der Beurteilung der Kompetenzkomponente "Einstellungen" (attitudes)},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{aassve2019banfield,
  abstract = {The north-south gap in Italian social capital has been considered by international scholars as an example of how cultural diversity within a country can generate different developmental outcomes. Most studies, however, suffer from limited external validity and measurement-error problems. This paper exploits a new and representative online lab-experiment to assess social capital patterns in Italy. Our study only partially confirms previous findings: northerners perform better in trustworthiness, but they are statistically similar to southerners in many other economic preferences such as cooperation, trust, expected trustworthiness, altruism, and risk tolerance. A novelty of this study is that the gap in trustworthiness stems from the lower reciprocity of southerners in response to large transfers from trustors, and it is characterized by the intergenerational transmission of norms. Effective convergence policies should target, within social capital, reciprocity, while looking to other, and perhaps more compelling gaps.},
  address = {Turin},
  author = {Aassve, Arnstein and Conzo, Pierluigi and Mattioli, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {University of Turin, epartment of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 201907,
  pages = 95,
  series = {Working Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Was Banfield Right? New Insights from a Nationwide Laboratory Experiment},
  url = {http://www.est.unito.it/do/home.pl/Download?doc=/allegati/wp2019dip/wp_7_2019.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{fouka2020agricultural,
  abstract = {We examine the historical determinants of differences in preferences for work across societies today. Our hypothesis is that a society’s work ethic depends on the role that labour has played in it historically, as an input in agricultural production: societies that have for centuries depended on the cultivation of crops with high marginal returns to labour effort will work longer hours and develop a preference for working hard. We formalise this prediction in the context of a model of endogenous preference formation, with altruistic parents who can invest in reducing their offsprings’ disutility from work. To empirically found our model, we construct an index of potential agricultural labour intensity, that captures the suitability of a location for the cultivation of crops with high estimated marginal returns to labour in their production. We find that this index positively predicts work hours and attitudes towards work in contemporary European regions. We investigate various mechanisms of persistence, including cultural transmission, as well as a society’s production structure and institutions.},
  author = {Fouka, Vasiliki and Schläpfer, Alain},
  doi = {10.1093/ej/ueaa029},
  issn = {0013-0133},
  journal = {The Economic Journal},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 628,
  pages = {1081-1113},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Agricultural Returns to Labour and the Origins of Work Ethics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa029},
  volume = 130,
  year = 2020
}

@article{gaebler2020compulsory,
  abstract = {We examine whether compulsory voting influences political participation as measured by voter turnout, invalid voting, political interest, confidence in parliament, and party membership. In Austria, some states temporarily introduced compulsory voting in national elections. We investigate border municipalities across two states which differ in compulsory voting legislation using a difference-in-differences approach. The results show that compulsory voting increased voter turnout by 3.5 percentage points but we do not find long-run effects. Once compulsory voting was abolished, voter turnout returned to pre-compulsory voting levels. Microdata evidence suggests that compulsory voting tends to crowd out intrinsic motivation for political participation which may explain why compulsory voting is not found to be habit-forming.},
  author = {Gaebler, Stefanie and Potrafke, Niklas and Roesel, Felix},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2019.103499},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0166-0462},
  journal = {Regional Science and Urban Economics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Compulsory voting and political participation: Empirical evidence from Austria},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2019.103499},
  volume = 81,
  year = 2020
}

@article{plepytedavidaviciene2020matuojama,
  abstract = {The article deals with the methodology of happiness measurement. Data from the European Social Survey, the European Value Survey and the World Happiness Index, that allow measuring the happiness level of the population and providing an opportunity to evaluate the situation of Lithuania in the context of other countries, are analysed. The discussion of research methodology highlights the main methodological differences applied in the above research. The comparative analysis shows that in Lithuania the happiness level remains the lowest among other European countries, although life satisfaction is growing. The conclusion is drawn that a low level of happiness can be determined not only by the economic level of the country or individual psychological conditions, but also by the cultural-social context of the country.},
  author = {Plepytė-Davidavičienė, Giedrė},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.6001/fil-soc.v31i2.4229},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Filosofija Sociologija},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {107-116},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Kaip matuojama laimė? (How is Happiness Measured?)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.v31i2.4229},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{boranbay2019endogenous,
  abstract = {The paper provides a formal framework identifying both the origins and interaction of a culture of cooperation and inclusive political institutions. When elite members and citizens try to cooperate in sharing consumption risk and joint investment, the elite enacts democracy to convince the citizens that a sufficient part of the investment return will be shared via public spending and thus, they should cooperate. In addition, cultural accumulation rises with the severity of consumption risk at its moderate values and then drops at its high values making cheating too appealing. Finally, the citizens may over-accumulate culture to credibly commit to cooperating in investment at its intermediate values threatening democracy. These predictions are consistent with novel data on 90 European historical regions spanning the 1000-1600 period. Reforms towards tighter constraints on the elite's power were driven by the potential for Mediterranean trades. Moreover, the activity of both the Cistercians and the Franciscans, our proxy for the citizens' culture, has an inverted U-shaped link with the temperature volatility. Finally, the shift of long-distance trades towards the Atlantic fostered the Franciscans' spread in the Mediterranean, where they organized micro-credit activities reinforcing the citizenry-elite partnerships.},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Boranbay, Serra and Guerriero, Carmine},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2103601},
  institution = {Amsterdam Law School},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2012-79},
  pages = 53,
  series = {Working Paper},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Endogenous (In)Formal Institutions},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2103601},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{langsaether2019cleavage,
  abstract = {Existing scholarship shows that social background – represented by features such as class, religion, or gender – is an important predictor of political preferences, including party preference, across Western democracies. This relationship has recently come to the attention of a broader audience, with the referendum on Brexit and the election of president Trump. Unfortunately, we know much less about why social background relates to political preferences, i.e., which mechanisms induce the relationship? The main motivation for this thesis is to contribute to filling this knowledge gap by answering the overarching research question: How and why does social background affect political preferences? The four papers that constitute this thesis study the question through the application of the same theoretical framework, namely cleavage theory. The first paper (chapter 2 in this thesis), which is co-authored with Oddbjørn Knutsen, focuses on a measurement issue that is important for the chapters to follow. The paper takes on the prominent claim that changes in the employment structure in post-industrial societies require a redrawing of the class map, especially to capture new distinctions within the middle class. We find that the traditional EGP class schema predicts modern political preferences equally well as the new schema endorsed by critics of the former schema, suggesting that the worries about the continued relevance of the traditional EGP class schema seem exaggerated. This justifies its use in later chapters. In papers 2 and 3 (chapters 3 and 4), I empirically analyse the importance of one of the most important propositions in cleavage voting theory, namely the idea that social groups have indirect effects on party preference through political values. I find that political values account for less than half of the variation in both class voting and religious voting, meaning that we need to look for additional explanations in order to satisfactorily understand the phenomenon. I also find that there is a substantial direct effect, due to frozen group-party alignments and group identity. Furthermore, the share of the effect that is direct or indirect varies substantially between parties and party families. The two papers jointly develop a theory of cleavage voting. The crux of the theory is that the effect of social group membership on party preference is indirect through political values to the extent that social groups hold distinct sets of political values, and to the extent that political parties emphasise issues of relevance to those values. This means that party characteristics affect not only the level of cleavage voting, but even the very mechanisms behind such voting. While I test – and find support for – the theory on the two most studied cleavages, namely class and religion, I propose that it may be valid for any kind of cleavage voting. Finally, the fourth paper (chapter 5), which is co-authored with Rune Stubager, scrutinises another prominent claim, namely that globalisation has transformed, surpassed, or even replaced the old cleavages such as class or education. Our findings suggest that direct measures of exposure to globalisation have limited independent effects on both core political attitudes and party preference. Furthermore, there is no indication that class and education today primarily works through globalisation-related processes, nor that these processes interact with class to create cross-class alliances. In conclusion, social structural variables still affect party preference, and while the dominant view has been that this is primarily an indirect effect through political values, it seems that direct effects related to group identities and frozen party alignments play a larger role than commonly assumed. While globalisation processes as of yet have not significantly altered the way social structural variables affect political preferences, it seems that political actors themselves are able to affect which mechanisms that are at work.},
  address = {Oslo},
  author = {Langsæther, Peter Egge},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 281,
  school = {Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Cleavage Politics in the 21st Century: How and why social background affects political preferences},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10852/67492},
  year = 2019
}

@article{capello2019development,
  abstract = {The European Union has been adopting so-called macro-regional strategies since 2009. Its final goal is to develop an integrated framework to address common challenges and opportunities of particular transnational areas. This paper aims to identify such growth opportunities in the most recently established macro-area: the European Union Strategy for the Alpine Region (EUSALP). It does so by identifying how to increase efficiency in the exploitation of growth assets, taking into consideration that EUSALP is characterized by a wide productive diversity. This is defined in terms of regional development patterns, conceptualized and empirically detected making use of an original database. The results show that EUSALP can gain greater competitiveness through a better use of existing resources, especially in the touristic development pattern. Further research on cooperation and integration policies for a more effective exploitation of existing abundant resources is suggested. },
  author = {Capello, Roberta and Cerisola, Silvia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/00343404.2019.1652896},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Development patterns and their sources of competitiveness in the EUSALP macro-region},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019.1652896},
  year = 2019
}

@book{rahlf2019visualisation,
  abstract = {"In addition to purely statistical presentation forms, such as histograms and box plots, visualisations of distributions include traditional presentation forms such as population pyramids or Lorenz curves. Obviously, not only populations can be shown in pyramids, and obviously an inequality, which is what a Lorenz curve commonly depicts, can be shown in a different form, too. We will therefore show alternative examples for both." Die ALLBUS-Daten aus dem Jahr 1988 und 2008 werden als Ergänzungsdatensätze für die Analyse verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 34. Fassung, Februar 2020},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Rahlf, Thomas},
  availability = {13.02.2020},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10990 ; 10.4232/1.10151 ; 10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.11506},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-28444-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4972 v3.0.2 ; ZA4753 v1.1.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA5400 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-28444-2},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study = {ALLBUS1988 ; ALLBUS2008},
  study-id = {EB71.2 ; EVS2008 ; EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP2009},
  title = {Data Visualisation with R: 111 Examples},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28444-2},
  year = 2019
}

@article{rasmussen2019opinionpolicy,
  abstract = {A strong link between citizen preferences and public policy is one of the key goals and criteria of democratic governance. Yet, our knowledge about the extent to which public policies on specific issues are in line with citizen preferences in Europe is limited. This article reports on the first study of the link between public opinion and public policy that covers a large and diverse sample of concrete public policy issues in 31 European democracies. The findings demonstrate a strong positive relationship and a substantial degree of congruence between public opinion and the state of public policy. Also examined is whether political institutions, including electoral systems and the horizontal and vertical division of powers, influence the opinion-policy link. The evidence for such effects is very limited, which suggests that the same institutions might affect policy representation in countervailing ways through different mechanisms.},
  author = {Rasmussen, Anne and Reher, Stefanie and Toshkov, Dimiter},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.4700},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12286},
  eprint = {https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12286},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA3430 v1.0.0 ; ZA3910 v2.1.0 ; ZA4700 v1.0.0},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {412-434},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2006 ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {The opinion-policy nexus in Europe and the role of political institutions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12286},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2019
}

@book{shahidullah2019modernity,
  abstract = {This book has examined some of the pressing issues and challenges related to modernity, modernization, and globalization of the 21st century. The authors of this book are a distinguished group of social scientists from America’s academia, many of whom are by-cultural and educationally trained both in the East and the West. The book has used historical and comparative perspectives and many extant sources of primary data. The authors have addressed many macro-issues such as modernity and church-state separation, America’s historical role in spreading global modernity, the global expansion of democracy, the rise of a global middle class, the advent of global digital connectivity, and the recent rise of right-wing political parties in the global political landscape. The authors also examined many micro-issues such as modernization and women empowerment in India and Nigeria, the growth of a unique political culture of Islam and modernism in Sierra Leone, the problem of transition to emancipative values in the post-socialist countries of Central and Easter Europe, rise in religious hostilities in South Asia, need for modernization in dealing with minority females in America’s criminal justice system, and modernity and the evolution of the rights of the disabled in America. The empirical and country studies largely support the theme of the book that modernity is a cultural and civilizational model. The global modernity has been progressing across world societies for more than two hundred years. It has been particularly remarkably advancing since the second half of the twentieth century. The world capitalist economy has become more global, world democracy has expanded, the global middle class has vastly grown, women’s economic and political empowerments have widened, and global digital connectivity has increased. These social and economic transformations are far more fundamental for the future progress of democracy and global modernity. The further spread of global modernity is inevitable and irreversible. The present right-wing ideologies of nativism, localism, nationalism, fundamentalism, and divisiveness in the global political trajectory are transient and temporal peculiarities.},
  author = {Shahidullah, Shahid M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9781536163230},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Nova},
  series = {Political Science and History},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Modernity, Modernization, and Globalization: Issues and Challenges of the 21st Century},
  url = {https://novapublishers.com/shop/modernity-modernization-and-globalization-issues-and-challenges-of-the-21st-century/},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{schalembier2019relative,
  address = {Ghent},
  author = {Schalembier, Benjamin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.11506},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA5400 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Ghent University},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2009},
  title = {How relative income affects life satisfaction},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8611054},
  year = 2019
}

@article{weber2020hierarchy,
  abstract = {We examine a military alliance with heterogeneous members that finances the production of the ‘alliance good’ (defense, deterrence, and peacekeeping) through its members’ voluntary contributions. To examine the patterns of those contributions, we introduce a decision-making model with three layers of hierarchy: one ‘super-leader’, a group of ‘leaders’, and several ‘followers’, which takes into account different economic and historical backgrounds of member states. The asymmetric interaction between the members is reflected by the choice of Stackelberg paradigm where the sequence of countries’ moves is determined by their alliance status. We then apply Penrose’s Law to incorporate countries’ heterogeneous population sizes in our model and show the existence of a unique Penrose-Stackelberg equilibrium. We apply our results to NATO and offer an empirical evaluation of burden sharing across the alliance by showing how economic characteristics, alliance ‘awareness’, and the alliance status explain the patterns of members’ contributions. We also evaluate the optimal fit between the data and an appropriate choice of the alliance’s hierarchical structure.},
  author = {Weber, Shlomo and Weber, Y. and Wiesmeth, H.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/10242694.2020.1782584},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Defence and Peace Economics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {903-926 },
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Hierarchy of Membership and Burden Sharing in a Military Alliance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2020.1782584},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{goddard2019appointment,
  abstract = {More and more women are appointed to ministerial positions in Europe, across countries and political parties. Yet, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the factors which shape where and when women are appointed, and the impacts these appointments have on public policy. By considering the partisan dynamics and motivations of party leaders, I provide an insight into systematic variation in the number of women appointed to governments, the policy portfolios women are allocated, and the policy outcomes of women ministers on parental leave policy. This develops our understanding of women's access to government positions, which has important implications for how women are represented in the most powerful policy-making positions.I develop a theoretical framework for the role of gender in ministerial selection and portfolio allocation by considering the policy, office and vote-seeking motivations of party leaders. Through a cross-national, time-series analysis over 45 years of European governments, I find that more women are appointed to European cabinets by left-wing parties, and by female party leaders. Women are better represented in cabinets in gender-progressive countries, and where party supporters have more gender-equal social attitudes. When women are allocated to the government, they are significantly less likely to be appointed to the 'core' offices of state, and 'masculine' and 'neutral' policy areas, but this is moderated by party ideology. I find that women are more likely to be appointed to 'masculine' portfolios where a party's voters have more progressive gender attitudes. Considering the policy implications of women's appointment to ministerial positions, I examine the circumstances under which government reforms of parental leave for fathers follow the 'dual-earner/dual-carer' model of family policy. I find that women's active engagement in paid work is a necessary condition for the most gender-balanced forms of parental leave. The sufficiency pathways arising from a qualitative comparative analysis suggest that left-wing female ministers are 'entrepreneurial' in pursuing progressive family policy, while male right-wing ministers require pressure from public attitudes. The sufficiency pathway for leftist ministers also includes a left-dominated Parliament.},
  address = {Canterbury},
  author = {Goddard, Dee},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 179,
  school = {University of Kent},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Appointment of Women to Ministerial Positions across Europe: Presence, Portfolios and PolicyThe Appointment of Women to Ministerial Positions across Europe: Presence, Portfolios and Policy},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/77097},
  year = 2019
}

@article{czegledi2019espritus,
  abstract = {Este artículo intenta contribuir a la comprensión de las formas en que las creencias de las personas sobre la economía de mercado configuran la libertad económica. El artículo integra la noción de cultura como \"espíritus de los mercados\" en la literatura cuantitativa entre países sobre cultura e instituciones, al modelarlo como un sistema multidimensional de creencias sobre la economía de mercado. Propone que es la consistencia de las creencias, no las creencias en sí, lo que puede estar \"incrustado\" en la cultura y, por lo tanto, la consistencia de las creencias puede considerarse como un determinante de la libertad económica. Con creencias distribuidas más consistentemente, un aumento constante en la libertad económica creará más \"perdedores ideológicos\" en el electorado, lo que crea una posibilidad política empresarial para compensarlos. Como tal compensación generalmente toma la forma de una reducción en la libertad económica, la implicación es que aquellas áreas de libertad económica que se ven afectadas por esta compensación reflejarán menos libertad en países libres. Esta propuesta está respaldada por algunos análisis estadísticos con las áreas de libertad económica como variables dependientes y las medidas de (in) consistencia de las creencias del mercado que forman la Encuesta Mundial de Valores (European Values Study) como dependientes.},
  author = {Czeglédi, Pál},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1852-5342},
  journal = {Cultura Económica},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 98,
  pages = {45-81},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Espíritus de los mercados como determinantes de la libertad económica},
  url = {http://erevistas.uca.edu.ar/index.php/CECON/article/view/2730},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2019
}

@article{grunhagen2020franchising,
  abstract = {Since the Balkans have not been covered with regards to franchising in any comprehensive fashion in the past, this study represents a first look at the topic in this part of the world and contributes to the literature on franchising in emerging economies. This research contrasts the development of franchising in the ten Balkan countries of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. A comprehensive overview of the franchise industry and its history is created for each country, integrating economic and franchise infrastructure development. The study reveals severe deficiencies in the region with regards to the availability of official data and a lack of specific legislation with regards to franchising and disclosure mandates, as well as education about franchising and a reliable legal environment. Implications for researchers and policy makers conclude the study. },
  author = {Grünhagen, Marko and Mumdžiev, Nada and Harča, Barbara and Milenković-Kerković, Tamara and Dlačić, Jasmina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/1046669X.2019.1646188},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Marketing Channels},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-27},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Franchising in the Balkans: History, status, and challenges},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1046669X.2019.1646188},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2020
}

@article{pavlovic2019education,
  abstract = {This article examines the thesis that educational cleavage, operating through an authoritarian–libertarian value dimension, has become one of the most important social cleavages that influence political divisions in contemporary Europe. This model, which is a revision of the standard cleavage model of politics, has been developed and tested in the Western European context. However, the validity of this assumption in different social contexts, such as the Eastern European and the post-communist, has not been tested yet. This article uses data from the fourth wave of the European Values Survey to test the idea that the authoritarian–liberal dimension mediates the influence of education on party orientation in seven Balkan countries and territories. The results show that education and authoritarianism are significantly and negatively correlated in each Balkan country. Yet, there are differences in their political relevance that are dependent on the behavior of the parties themselves and possibly the presence of other major cleavages. },
  author = {Pavlović, Zoran and Todosijević, Bojan and Komar, Olivera},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/10758216.2018.1561192},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2018.1561192},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Problems of Post-Communism},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {402-417},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Education, Authoritarianism, and Party Preference in the Balkans},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2018.1561192},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{akaliyski2020community,
  abstract = {Whether the EU is a community of shared values is increasingly contested in public debates and academic discourses alike. We analyse the level and change in the acceptance of the EU’s officially promoted values in seven domains: personal freedom, individual autonomy, social solidarity, ethnic tolerance, civic honesty, gender equality and liberal democracy. We find that EU-member populations support the EU- values strongly and increasingly over time, especially in individual freedoms and gender equality. Regarding support for these values, EU-member populations are notably distinct from non-EU populations. Simultaneously, however, EU-member populations are internalizing the EU-values at different speeds—alongside traditional cultural fault lines that continue to differentiate Europe—in the following order from fastest to slowest internalization: (1) Protestant, (2) Catholic, (3) Ex-communist and lastly (4) Orthodox countries. In conclusion, the EU- population writ large evolves into a distinct value-sharing community at different speeds.},
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen and Welzel, Christian and Hien, Josef},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.31235/osf.io/u3hsk},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  institution = {SocArXiv},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A Community of Shared Values? Dimensions and Dynamics of Cultural Integration in the European Union},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/u3hsk},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{brosigkoch2019physician,
  abstract = {We present causal evidence on the effect of performance pay on health care provision, from a behavioral experiment with a representative sample of German primary care physicians. Randomly assigning physicians to two performance incentive levels, we analyze how performance pay, compared to capitation (within-subjects) and the bonus level (between-subjects), affects health care service provision and the quality of care. We find that performance pay reduces underprovision of care prevalent under capitation and enhances the quality of care. The effect increases with the patients’ severity of illness. Also, small incentives were effective in enhancing the quality of care. Linking behavioral data to physician register data indicates that physicians’ practice characteristics significantly relate health care choices in the experiment. Physicians in high-profit practices and practicing in cities are most responsive to incentives. Health policy implications are discussed.},
  author = {Brosig-Koch, Jeannette and Hennig-Schmidt, Heike and Kairies-Schwarz, Nadja and Kokot, Johanna and Wiesen, Daniel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3467583},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {SSRN},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 81,
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Physician Performance Pay: Experimental Evidence},
  url = {/brokenurl#10.2139/ssrn.3467583},
  year = 2019
}

@article{aracic2019vanost,
  abstract = {One part of the article is based on the results of three empirical studies that were carried out within the framework of the international research project European Values Study in Croatia in 1999, 2008, and 2017. The other part of the article is based on the results of that research in 2017. The main goal of the article is to present and analyse results on the importance of marriage and family in the Croatian society acquired through the three empirical studies. Our initial thesis is that in the Croatian society in the period between 1999 until 2017 and apart from some changes – that are evident in the last twenty years in general and between individual study waves in particular – the high importance of marriage and family is predominantly stable. The article also sets three working hypotheses that address the relation between attitudes on marriage and family with specific social-demographic characteristics of examinees, their religiosity and attitudes on the roles of men and women. Namely, the presupposition was that older, less educated examinees, who live in smaller places, are more religious, and tend towards the traditional division of roles of men and women, would also tend towards thinking that marriage and family constitute life´s meaning and happiness. The acquired results confirm those hypotheses. On the basis of the three last EVS study waves one can conclude that the classical understanding and living of marriage and family between two people (husband and wife) and within the framework of integral family (father and mother and child) is still to a large degree dominant, i.e., predominant marital and family model, in Croatia. At the same time, especially in the last twenty years, »alternative« to marriage and family areemerging. Hence, divorce rates and cohabitation and children born out of wedlock are on the rise. Similarly, the number of citizens who approve of single motherhood and those who do not consider the motherhood as a key part of the identity of the woman are also rising. This (non)acceptance of certain values raises urgent questions for politicians, state institutions, the Catholic Church, media, and all Croatian citizens. Those questions demand short-term and long-term solutions.},
  author = {Aračić, Pero and Baloban, Josip and Nikodem, Krunoslav},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {331-353},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Važnost braka i obitelji u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2017. godine (The Importance of Marriage and Family in the Croatian Society from 1999 until 2018)},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/223156},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2019
}

@article{shirokanova202019982018,
  abstract = {The article reviews and analyses Russian surveys on subjective well-being, one of the key noneconomic indicators of social development. Two main indicators, the level of happiness and overall life satisfaction, are compared across eight international and Russian research projects, 1998–2018 (European Social Survey, European Values Study, World Values Survey, RLMSHSE, the “Eurobarometer in Russia” project, surveys by VCIOM, “Levada Center”, and FOM). The review illustrates that the main trend in this period was a gradual growth in subjective wellbeing in 2003–2012, which was replaced by the trend for a decrease in life satisfaction and, simultaneously, increase in happiness. The review also shows that the deviation in subjective well-being surveys was maximal in presidential election years (2008 and 2012). VCIOM and the “Eurobarometer in Russia” provide the most distinct results. The paper also demonstrates how using an answer scale with no neutral option tends to overstate the estimated share of the happy and satisfied respondents. Overall, an overview of these comparative results has identified no consistent differences in well-being in Russia by gender, but supports the finding that the share of the satisfied and happy in Russia decreases substantially at the age of 35 years or above. Thus, the indicators of subjective well-being mirror the logic of public opinion in Russia. After 2014, despite the growth in patriotic moods, only a portion of the compared surveys noted an increase in subjective well-being, mostly due to a short-term surge in happiness. The current discrepancy in survey results indicates an ongoing mobilization period in Russian society, which will be followed by either a rise or decline of both indicators.},
  author = {Shirokanova, Anna A.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11551 ; 10.4232/1.10170 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.21638/spbu12.2020.101},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3802 v3.0.1 ; ZA4777 v1.1.0 ; EVS7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {4-24},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Тренды субъективного благополучия в России: 1998–2018 (Trends of subjective well-being in Russia: 1998–2018)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2020.101},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{wilthagen2019building,
  abstract = {This essay explores the requirements for building trustworthy robots and artificial intelligence by drawing from various scientific disciplines and taking human values as the starting-point. It also presents a research and impact agenda.},
  address = {Tilburg },
  author = {Wilthagen, Ton and Schoots, Marieke},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3487489},
  institution = {Tilburg University},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  series = {Tilburg University Impact Program},
  title = {Building TrusTee: The World's Most Trusted Robot},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3487489},
  year = 2019
}

@article{sage2019unemployment,
  abstract = {Unemployment is associated with a range of health and social problems, such as poor physical health and wellbeing. Welfare state research has recently considered how social policies can ameliorate the harmful effects of unemployment. This article argues that such policy suggestions disregard the role of the work ethic in shaping the experience of unemployment. In societies that glorify employment as a signifier of identity and status, it is unsurprising that those without employment suffer. Previous research supports this view, showing how subscription to the work ethic is associated with wellbeing amongst unemployed people. Original analysis of the European Values Study confirms the importance of the work ethic, showing how unemployed people with weaker work ethics have significantly higher life satisfaction than those with stronger work ethics. The article concludes that the most effective way of dealing with the deleterious effects of unemployment is to challenge the centrality of employment in contemporary societies. },
  author = {Sage, Daniel},
  doi = {10.1177/0261018318780910},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0261018318780910},
  journal = {Critical Social Policy},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {205-228},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Unemployment, wellbeing and the power of the work ethic: Implications for social policy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0261018318780910},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2019
}

@article{mlinaric2019emanzipation,
  abstract = {This mixed methods study examines context factors, mechanisms and outcomes of sexual difference in two post-Yugoslav societies after the outburst of the 2008 financial crisis and the implementation of anti-discrimination bills (2008/2009) in Croatia and Serbia. The European Values Survey (EVS 2008) documented the high degree of homophobic attitudes in post-Yugoslav societies. Banned pride parades in Belgrade (2011-2013), right-wing hate speech and violence in Belgrade and Split (2010/2011), as well as the Croatian referendum on constitutional protection of heterosexual marriage are illustrating events of homophobic outbursts. The analysis indicates that the Serbian context circulates rather around public visibility of sexual difference, whereas in Croatia legal-symbolic equality and recognition are more dominant. In both cases sexual difference is linked with pillars of pluralistic democracy and liberal-permissive multiculturalist tolerance. Sexual difference becomes a metaphor for the liberal-democratic transition of peripheral European societies. However, a prohibitive mechanism of closure including populist pro-life grassroots movements opposes “gender ideology” and “homosexual propaganda” thereby clashing with liberal-secular concepts, like pluralism and anti-discrimination. In both countries only partial concessions for sexual difference are granted in the sphere of public visibility (Serbia) and same-sex partnerships (Croatia) due to the successful resistance of homophobic populism.},
  author = {Mlinarić, Martin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Südosteuropa Mitteilungen},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = {03-04},
  pages = {98-113},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Die Emanzipation sexueller Differenz und homophober Populismus im post- jugoslawischen Raum},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{chan2019political,
  abstract = {By examining discrepancies between officially reported GDP growth figures and the actual economic growth implied by satellite-based night time light (NTL) density, we investigate whether democracies manipulate officially reported GDP figures, and if so, whether such manipulation pays political dividends. We find that the over-reporting of growth rates does indeed precede increases in popular support, with around a 1% over-statement associated with a 0.5% increase in voter intentions for the incumbent. These results are robust to allowing the elasticity of official GDP statistics to NTL to be country specific, as well as accounting for the quality of governance, and checks and balances on executive power.},
  address = {Zürich},
  author = {Chan, Ho Fai and Frey, Bruno S. and Skali, Ahmed and Torgler, Benno},
  institution = {CREMA},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2019-02},
  pages = 28,
  series = {CREMA Working Paper},
  study = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Political Entrenchment and GDP Misreporting},
  url = {http://www.crema-research.ch/papers/papers19.htm},
  year = 2019
}

@article{camagni2019measuring,
  abstract = {Country borders are traditionally interpreted as barriers to trade, since they limit the access to large markets of goods and intermediate assets, with negative effects on production, employment levels, and growth. The European Union is not an exception in this respect and, despite the establishment of the European Single Market, legal and administrative international barriers still exist, affecting economic growth. This paper focuses on the areas where costs and benefits of missed integration and the integration potential are highest, namely, border regions, with the aim to provide the costs of non‐Europe at regional level. Results show that the costs of non‐Europe are still relevant and justify the need of the European Cross‐Border Cooperation Program in the next programming period. Useful guidelines for addressing the next programming period are provided.},
  author = {Camagni, Roberto and Capello, Roberta and Caragliu, Andrea},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/rsp3.12195},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Regional Science Policy and Practice},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {345-366},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Measuring the impact of legal and administrative international barriers on regional growth},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12195},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{ju2020historical,
  abstract = {Exclusionism developed in the former East Germany since the influx of immigrants from the Middle East. Through the vote share of the far-right party, Alternative für Deutschland (AFD), in the recent elections, including the 2014 European election, the 2017 federal election, and the 2019 European election, we could find the effects of xenophobia. Do the historical legacies of communism bring East Germany to the current xenophobic waves? By exploring the literature and databases of Regionalatlas Deutschland and European Values Study 2017, I argue that on the Kreis level, the history of communism shaped a homogenous demographic as well as similar voting preferences among neighboring regions, which contribute to the emergence and steadiness of xenophobia in the region. On an individual level, the history of communism shaped conservative political culture and social values, stronger national identity, and weaker political trust among the citizens in the East, which contribute to their more positive views of the AFD. Although the economy in the East proved more vulnerable than that of the West, the effect of the economy is complex, as on the Kreis level, urban/rural might serve as an endogenous factor; and on the individual level, worse economics is significant only for the citizens who experienced communism.},
  address = {Washington, DC},
  author = {Ju, Aojie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {George Washington University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {How Do the Historical Legacies of Communism Affect Waves of Xenophobia? Evidence From the former East Germany},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://scholarspace.library.gwu.edu/etd/nv9353473},
  year = 2020
}

@article{goddard2021examining,
  abstract = {Under which circumstances are women appointed to ministerial positions? In this article, I provide a theoretical framework for the role of gender in ministerial selection by considering the policy, office, and vote-seeking motivations of party leaders. I present an original data set which details, at the party level, the appointment of female cabinet ministers in 30 European countries between 1970 and 2015. Using negative binomial regression models, I find that left-wing party leaders appoint more women than leaders of right-wing parties. Female party leaders appoint more women ministers than their male counterparts. Women are better represented in governments in gender-progressive countries, and survey data analysis shows that party leaders appoint more women when their supporters have more progressive gender attitudes. This analysis provides an original insight into how gender has shaped the partisan dynamics of ministerial selection across Europe over 45 years. },
  author = {Goddard, Dee},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1177/1354068819878665},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {Party Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {631-643},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Examining the appointment of women to ministerial positions across Europe: 1970–2015},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068819878665},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{chan2020confidence,
  abstract = {Trust in the health care system requires being confident that suffic ient and appropriate treatments will be provided if needed. The CO VID-19 public health crisis is a significant, global, and (mostly) simultaneous test of the behav ioral implications arising from this trust. We explore whether populations reporting low l evels of confidence in the health care system exhibit a stronger behavioral reaction to th e COVID-19 pandemic. We track the dynamic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic across 38 countries and 621 regions by exploiting a large dataset on human mobility generated between February 15 and June 5, 2020 and a broad range of contextual factors (e.g. deaths or policy implementations). Using a time-dynamic framework we find that societies with low level s of health care confid ence initially exhibit a faster response with respect to staying home. However, this reaction plateaus sooner, and after the plateau it declines with greater magnitude than does the response from societies with high health care confidence. On the other hand, regions with higher confidence in the health care system are more likely to reduce mobility once the government mandates that its citizens are not to leave home except for essen tial trips, compared to those with lower health care system confidence. Regions with high trust in the govern ment but low confidence in the health care system dramatically reduce their mobility, sugges ting a correlation for trust in the state with respect to behavioral responses during a crisis.},
  address = {Zürich},
  author = {Chan, Ho Fai and Brumpton, Martin and Macintyre, Alison and Arapoc, Jefferson and Savage, David A. and Skali, Ahmed and Stadelmann, David and Torgler, Benno},
  institution = {Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2020-11},
  series = {CREMA Working Paper Series},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {How confidence in health care systems affects mobility and compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic},
  url = {https://ideas.repec.org/p/cra/wpaper/2020-11.html},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{skinner2019trust,
  address = {London},
  author = {Skinner, Gideon},
  booktitle = {Trust: the Truth?},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {{{Ipsos MORI}}},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {9-23},
  publisher = {Ipsos MORI},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Is trust in crisis, or is it just complicated?},
  url = {https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/publication/documents/2019-09/ipsos-thinks-trust-the-truth.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{grimes2019relative,
  abstract = {We extend the Easterlin Paradox (EP) literature in two key respects. First, we test whether income comparisons matter for subjective wellbeing both when own incomes are compared with others within the country (intra-national) and with incomes across countries (inter-national). Second, we test whether these effects differ by settlement-type (rural through to large cities) and by country-type (developed and transitional). We confirm the intra-national EP prediction that subjective wellbeing is unchanged by an equi-proportionate rise in intra-country incomes across all developed country settlement-types. This is also the case for rural areas in transitional countries but not for larger settlements in those countries. Inter-national income comparisons are important for people's subjective wellbeing across all country-settlement-types. Policy-makers must therefore consider their citizens' incomes in an international context and cannot restrict attention solely to the intra-national income distribution.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Grimes, Arthur and Reinhardt, Marc},
  booktitle = {The Economics of Happiness: How the Easterlin Paradox Transformed Our Understanding of Well-Being and Progress},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_4},
  editor = {Rojas, Mariano},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-15835-4},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {85-105},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Relative Income, Subjective Wellbeing and the Easterlin Paradox: Intra- and Inter-national Comparisons},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_4},
  year = 2019
}

@article{bakas2020culture,
  abstract = {Culture is considered as one of the most powerful forces that shape human behaviour and thereby economic activity. This paper investigates the effects of culture on labour productivity and examines the cultural traits driving this relationship. Using panel data analysis, empirical evidence is provided covering a sample of 34 OECD countries over a wide period of three decades. Our empirical results suggest a significant positive relationship between the cultural background and labour productivity. The main channels of this positive impact are control and work ethic environment, while obedience has a negative impact on productivity. These findings are robust to a series of robustness checks, including alternative cultural measures, additional control variables, various country samples, and alternative specifications.},
  author = {Bakas, Dimitrios and Kostis, Pantelis and Petrakis, Panagiotis},
  doi = {10.1016/j.econmod.2019.05.020},
  issn = {0264-9993},
  journal = {Economic Modelling},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {233-243},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Culture and labour productivity: An empirical investigation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.05.020},
  volume = 85,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{kelly2019dividends,
  abstract = {I present new evidence on the importance of trust in investors’ financial decisions and the valuation of financial assets. I predict that less trusting individuals will have a stronger relative preference for stocks that pay dividends as opposed to stocks that do not. Additionally, I predict that an investor base’s trust level will impact its demand for dividend-paying stocks, which will affect asset valuations. I find support for these predictions. Households that are less trusting tilt their portfolios towards dividend-paying stocks. Furthermore, the trust level of an investor base partially explains the valuation of dividend-payers relative to non-dividend-payers.},
  author = {Kelly, Peter},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2311512},
  institution = {SSRN},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 31,
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Dividends and Trust},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2311512},
  year = 2019
}

@article{scott2019taken,
  abstract = {Psychologists studying religiosity and spirituality (R/S) often face several challenges when conducting their research, such as collecting data from nationally representative samples, cross-cultural generalizability, statistical power, and integrated multilevel approaches. We examined one potential solution—the use of Representative, Open-Access Datasets (ROADs), which are currently underutilized. In this article, we define ROADs; discuss affordances, obstacles, and best practices in using them; document the R/S variables available in various waves of ongoing ROADs collection efforts; and delineate ways to increase usage of ROADs as a research tool in the future. This will enhance the capability of psychologists to address theory-driven questions and to better understand the role of R/S in everyday life, including social attitudes, health, and well-being, as well as social change, cohesion, and conflict. Looking forward, we recommend (a) adding more, and more nuanced, variables to future ROADs data collection efforts; (b) publishing more frequently using ROADs data; and (c) conducting workshops to promote the use of ROADs and to train researchers in secondary data analysis techniques. },
  author = {Scott, Matthew J. and Johnson, Kathryn A. and Okun, Morris A. and Cohen, Adam B.},
  doi = {10.1080/10508619.2019.1596000},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2019.1596000},
  journal = {The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {204-221},
  study = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {The Road Not Taken: Fostering Research on the Psychology of Religiosity and Spirituality via Underused Representative, Open-Access Datasets (ROADs)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2019.1596000},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2019
}

@article{pavlovic2019postmaterialism,
  abstract = {Ronald Inglhart's modernization theory provides a model of global value change, with affirmation of specific national paths of change. The paper considered the importance of the index of postmaterialism as a key element of the self-expression dimension. The distribution of (post)materialistic values in Serbia is presented based on data from the European Values Study and World Values Study from 2001, 2005 and 2008. The data indicate the presence of a stable structure in which the mixed and materialistic type predominates.The influence of sociodemographic factors on postmaterialism was examined by applying the regression analysis to the data from 2008. The results indicate a significant influence of the age, level of education and size of the city, while the impact of the amount of income is not statistically significant. The obtained results support Inglhart's theory of values, but do not exclude the effect of the life cycle.},
  author = {Pavlović, Nina},
  doi = {10.22190/TEME190227053P},
  journal = {Teme - Časopis za Društvene Nauke},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = { 885-899},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {ПОСТМАТЕРИЈАЛИЗАМ У СРБИЈИ (Postmaterialism in Serbia)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22190/TEME190227053P},
  volume = {XLIII},
  year = 2019
}

@article{fortsch2019ehrenamt,
  abstract = {Vier von zehn Bürgern in Deutschland fühlen sich besonders stark mit ihrer örtlichen Gemeinde verbunden. Wir zeigen, dass diese kommunale Identität für das soziale Engagement vor Ort sowie bei politischen Einstellungen eine deutlich wichtigere Rolle spielt als nationale Identität. Bürger, die sich stark mit ihrem Wohnort verbunden fühlen, gehen im Durchschnitt häufiger zur Kommunalwahl, interessieren sich mehr für Politik, wählen seltener populistische Parteien und engagieren sich häufiger in sozialen Vereinen und im Ehrenamt vor Ort. Diese Effekte finden wir bei Bürgern mit hoher nationaler Identität nicht.},
  author = {Förtsch, Mona and Rösel, Felix},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {ifo Dresden berichtet},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 06,
  pages = {3-7},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Ehrenamt und Toleranz brauchen lokale Wurzeln},
  url = {https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/ifoDD_19-06_03-07_Foertsch.pdf},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2019
}

@article{artsiomenka2019transformation,
  abstract = {The article is devoted to the social and demographic factors of family values transformation in Belarus. It aims to find out to what extent age, educational level, and place of residence influence the dynamics of changing family values. Based on the data of the European Value Survey in Belarus in 2000, 2008 and 2017, the tendencies of the transformation of attitudes towards family, marriage, children, and women combining family and profession roles, are analysed. It is concluded that changes in family values in the Eastern European region and Belarus are multidirectional. On the one hand, the significance of the family and marriage is growing. On the other – the necessity to combine the professional and family roles of women is getting more common. The paper evaluates how these general trends are manifested in different social groups; broken down by age, education level and place of inhabitance. The analysis allows one to conclude that there are universal trends like the importance of family as it is. However, some trends like pronatalist attitudes have specificity for different groups. The reasons for family values transformation include the position on the labour market, the perspective of professional self-realisation, and income growth. A lack of such a perspective among women with secondary education causes them to be more focused on family and children. Both urbanisation and the growth of a young generation with a high educational level can contribute to the decrease of pronatalist attitudes and an increase in the idea of women combining family and professional roles in the future.},
  author = {Artsiomenka, Alena},
  doi = {10.18778/1427-9657.08.02},
  journal = {Eastern Review},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {87-99},
  study = {EVS1999; EVS2008; EVS2017},
  title = {The transformation of family values in Belarus: Social and demographic factors},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.08.02},
  year = 2019
}

@article{montalvo2020transactiontax,
  abstract = {We model the behaviour of a mortgagor considering to evade the real estate transfer tax. We build an observable measure of over-appraisal that is inversely related to tax evasion and conclude that the tax authority could focus auditing efforts on low-appraisal transactions. Our empirical analysis confirms the predictions using a unique database for Spain, where we directly observe: real payment, value declared to the authority and appraisal. We also argue that individual characteristics (e.g. education of the buyer) and local characteristics (e.g. local levels of corruption and trust) explain part of the observed heterogeneity in evasion. The theoretical model is augmented with guilt and stigma to be consistent with the observed heterogeneity.},
  author = {Montalvo, José G. and Piolatto, Amedeo and Raya, Josep},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103526},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0166-0462},
  journal = {Regional Science and Urban Economics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-42},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Transaction-tax evasion in the housing market},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103526},
  volume = 81,
  year = 2020
}

@article{freude2020homonationalism,
  abstract = {In the context of growing interest in sexual dissidence, academic and social movements are discussing homonationalism as the combination of tolerance towards lesbians and gays, racism and nationalism in a neoliberal globalised world. In this article we aim to quantitatively compare European nation states on homonationalist values using data collected through the European Value Study (2008–2010), through correlations and cross tabulation analysis. We ask to what extent homonationalism is reflected in the values of Europeans and if there is any difference among European countries. The results indicate that homonationalism is not reflected in the values of all Europeans. Those who are more tolerant to homosexuality tend to be less racist and nationalist. However, our results confirm the existence of groups of people in western European countries who combine tolerance to LGB people, racism and nationalism and consequently must be qualified as homonationalists.},
  author = {Freude, Leon and Vergés Bosch, Núria},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s12119-019-09683-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {19364822},
  journal = {Sexuality & Culture},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1292-1314},
  refid = {Freude2019},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Homonationalism in Europe? A Quantitative Comparison of the Values of Europeans},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-019-09683-7},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{akaliyski2019cultural,
  abstract = {How do we explain the cultural differences between European societies? Are any of these differences increasing or diminishing in the wake of the Cold War and, if so, why? In this dissertation, I attempt to answer these difficult questions that are especially crucial to the future of Europe. More than 270,000 respondents in 47 European countries were surveyed at several points in time since 1990 as part of the largest cross-cultural projects on values and attitudes (World Values Survey and European Values Study) in order to provide representative information on their countries’ cultures. The results revealed that enormous cultural gaps exist in Europe, with the Nordic countries exhibiting the most modern—i.e., liberal, tolerant, egalitarian, and individualistic—set of cultural values, followed by the Western European and Central European countries, while most of the Southeastern European and former-Soviet countries share conservative social values, especially in the domains of sexual freedom and gender equality. The variation between countries on a wide variety of cultural values and attitudes can be explained predominantly by the following factors: the level of socio-economic modernization, former Cold War alliances, historically influential religious traditions, linguistic similarities and differences, geographic location, climate, past empire membership, and the increasingly important role of the European Union. These differences, however, are not static, and the largest cultural transformations in post-Cold War Europe were associated with the geopolitical restructuring of the continent after the collapse of the communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe. Most countries that joined the European Union after 1995 have successfully converged with the Western European cultural model. But the opposite development has occurred in the countries with no prospects of joining the European Union, especially the Eurasian Economic Union members. In my last article, I explain the cultural divergence between Eastern and Western Europe by contrasting supranational identities that political actors have increasingly accentuated to strengthen their nations’ appraisal or dismissal of liberal values, thus making these values an increasingly distinct marker of cultural Westernness.},
  address = {Oslo},
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 62,
  school = {University of Oslo, Department of Sociology and Human Geography},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cultural Diversity and Change in Post-Cold War Europe},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-73449},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{hansen2019prosocial,
  abstract = {This paper considers individual and social factors influencing an individual’s willingness to condone cheating on taxes by examining country- and individual-level data. Corruption appears to have a positive effect on tax evasion, which hinders a country’s state administrative capacity by restricting available resources. Furthermore, an individual’s prosocial attributes tend to encourage their opposition to cheating on taxes. By bringing these two outcomes together, the resulting implication is that by reducing a country’s corruption and increasing community-focused characteristics in individuals, the probability of tax evasion may decrease, leading to improved state capacity and social capital.},
  address = {Lakeland},
  author = {Hansen, Lauren},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Florida Southern College},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 20,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Prosocial Behavior and its Impact on Corruption and State Capacity},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11416/456},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{rabusic2019hodnoty,
  abstract = {The paper deals with relation between value prefernces and demographic behaviour in Czechia and Slovakia during last 25 years. Its main hypothesis is that values are the guiding principles which determine behaviour of individuals.It is tested by comparing two longitudinal data source: vital statistics on nuptiality, fertility and life expectancy in the perid of 1991-2017 that are confronted with value indicators concerning the mentioned demographic phenomena - these data come from longitudinal sociological survey European values study covering period 1991-2017.The results show that there is an association between values and behaviour and that it goes in the assumed way.},
  address = {Smolenice, Slowakei},
  author = {Rabušic, Ladislav and Chromková Manea, Beatrice Elena},
  booktitle = {9. slovenské a české sociologické dni medzinárodná konferencia},
  eventdate = {21.-22.11.2019},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  organization = {Slovenská sociologická spoločnost},
  study = {EVS1991 EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Hodnoty a demografické chování v Česku a na Slovensku v uplynulém čvrtstoletí},
  url = {https://www.med.muni.cz/en/veda-a-vyzkum/publikacni-cinnost/1592678},
  year = 2019
}

@article{nikodem2019izmeu,
  abstract = {U ovom se radu, na osnovi triju valova Europskog istraživanja vrijednosti (European Values Study) provedenoga u Hrvatskoj 1999., 2008. i 2018., analiziraju religijske promjene u hrvatskom društvu. Ponajprije se pokazuju trendovi u religioznosti na temelju dviju socioloških dimenzija: crkvene i osobne religioznosti. Rezultati pokazuju da se nastavlja trend blagoga pada crkvene religioznosti, registriran već 2008., a ponajviše u dimenzijama institucionalne religijske prakse i javne uloge Crkve, dok je osobna religioznost relativno stabilna. Zatim se ove dvije dimenzije religioznosti analiziraju s obzirom na osnovne sociodemografske karakteristike i političke orijentacije. Rezultati pokazuju da su religioznosti, i crkvenoj i osobnoj, u Hrvatskoj i dalje sklonije žene, osobe s nižim stupnjem obrazovanja, čiji roditelji imaju niži stupanj obrazovanja i koji su iz manjih naselja. Registrirana je i povezanost obiju dimenzija religioznosti s "desnom" političkom orijentacijom, kao i jačanje te povezanosti u promatranom razdoblju.},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav and Zrinščak, Siniša},
  doi = {10.5559/di.28.3.01},
  journal = {Društvena istraživanja : časopis za opća društvena pitanja},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {371-390},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Između distancirane crkvenosti i intenzivne osobne religioznosti: religijske promjene u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2018. godine (Between Distanced Church Religiosity and Intensive Personal Religiosity: Religious Changes in Croatian Society from 1999 to 2018)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5559/di.28.3.01},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{beckknudsen2019those,
  abstract = {This paper examines the joint evolution of emigration and individualism in Scandinavia during the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1920). A long-standing hypothesis holds that people of a stronger individualistic mindset are more likely to migrate as they suffer lower costs of abandoning existing social networks. Building on this hypothesis, I propose a theory of cultural change where migrant self-selection generates a relative push away from individualism, and towards collectivism, in migrant-sending locations through a combination of initial distributional effects and channels of intergenerational cultural transmission. Due to the interdependent relationship between emigration and individualism, emigration is furthermore associated with cultural convergence across subnational locations. I combine various sources of empirical data, including historical population census records and passenger lists of emigrants, and test the relevant elements of the proposed theory at the individual and subnational.},
  author = {Beck Knudsen, Anne Sofie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3321790},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {SSRN},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Those Who Stayed: Individualism, Self-Selection and Cultural Change During the Age of Mass Migration},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3321790},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{brechon2019religion,
  abstract = {La communication passe en revue les différentes dimensions de la religion des Français : évolution des appartenances religieuses, montée des sans religion et des athées convaincus, fréquence de l'assistance aux offices, fréquence de la prière, croyances en Dieu, à la vie après la mort, au paradis, à l'enfer, à la réincarnation, effets de la religiosité sur le systèmes de valeurs Le texte s'inspire de la partie religion de l'ouvrage "La France des valeurs. Quarante ans d'évolutions".},
  address = {Barcelone},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Session thématique : Religiosité : Analyse d' enquêtes quantitataives et qualitatives, internationales et nationales, Société Internationale de Sociologie des Religions, Jul 2019, Barcelone},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 13,
  study = {EVS},
  title = {La religion des Français. Evolutions de 1981 à 2018 à partir de données de la European Values Study},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02356526},
  year = 2019
}

@article{balabanic2019metodologija,
  author = {Balabanić, Ivan},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {221-223},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Metodologija u anketi Europskog istraživanja vrednota (EVS)- 1999., 2008. i 2017},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/223154},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2019
}

@article{roosma2019verdient,
  abstract = {The Netherlands has changed in many ways over the past two decades: Duties have become more central in the ‘participation society’, there are fierce debates about the arrival of immigrants, and the aging society and the economic crisis are sharpening debate about redistribution and social provisions. How have the feelings of solidarity of Dutch citizens developed in this changing context? We know from previous studies that, in general, people feel most involved with the elderly and the sick and disabled, and are less concerned about the standards of living of the unemployed and immigrants. This ‘ranking’ in feelings of solidarity with target groups of social policy is explained by deservingness theory and is suggested to be invariable over time. But is that indeed the case? In this article, changes in solidarity views of Dutch citizens with regard to different target groups of social policy are analysed, using data from three waves of the European Values Study (1999/2008/2017) and taking into account individual background characteristics and cohort effects. Results show an invariable deservingness ranking and relatively stable feelings of solidarity. Solidarity with the elderly and the sick and disabled seems to be mostly depending on cohort effects: People from younger cohorts feel much less concerned with the living conditions of the elderly. Solidarity with immigrants instead, is largely determined by people’s political preference and education, while solidarity with the unemployed appears to be dependent on both individual characteristics and cohort effects. These effects do not get stronger (or weaker) over time. Despite the stability in feelings of solidarity the past decades, the strong cohort effects might predict change in the deservingness ranking in the future.},
  author = {Roosma, Femke},
  doi = {10.5117/MEM2019.4.006.ROOS},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Mens en maatschappij},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {483-505},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Wie verdient nog onze solidariteit? : Veranderingen in solidariteitsgevoelens met ouderen, zieken en gehandicapten, werklozen en immigranten in de 21ste eeuw},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2019.4.006.ROOS},
  volume = 94,
  year = 2019
}

@article{nikodem2019imati,
  abstract = {Osnovni cilj rada jest analiza autoritarnosti u hrvatskom društvu na temelju rezultata EVS-a, pri čemu se u teorijskom smislu polazi od koncepta Boba Altemeyera, koji autoritarnost određuje kao kombinaciju triju stavovskih klastera – autoritarne podčinjenosti, agresivnosti i konvencionalizma (Altemeyer, 1988). Analiza je podijeljena u dva dijela. U prvom se zasebno razmatra svaka od osam čestica koje sadržajno obuhvaćaju autoritarnost u ovom radu, i to kroz usporedbu distribucije postotaka za sve tri točke mjerenja te kroz analizu osnovnih sociodemografskih karakteristika za 2018. godinu. U drugom dijelu od tih se čestica konstruira indeks autoritarnosti, koji se potom analizira kao kriterijska varijabla s obzirom na tri odabrana prediktorska sklopa – sociodemografske karakteristike, religioznost i povjerenje – u sve tri točke mjerenja. Na osnovnoj razini rezultati, između ostalog, pokazuju povećanje broja ispitanika koji smatraju da je dobro imati moćnoga vođu te onih koji drže da bi u bliskoj budućnosti u hrvatskom društvu trebalo doći do većega poštivanja autoriteta. Daljnja analiza upućuje na to da su najvažniji prediktori autoritarnosti u hrvatskom društvu niži stupanj obrazovanja, važnost Boga u životu i povjerenje u Crkvu.},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav},
  doi = {10.5559/di.28.3.02},
  journal = {Društvena istraživanja : časopis za opća društvena pitanja},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {391-410},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {"Važno je imati moćnog vođu!" Analiza autoritarnosti u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2018. godine},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5559/di.28.3.02},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{jacquet2020predictive,
  abstract = {The evolutionary basis of religions is a debated issue. A predominant approach hypothesizes that religious beliefs spread via cultural group selection, notably because they enhance prosocial attitudes and large-scale cooperation. Alternative approaches, based on individual selection, suggest that religiosity is a way for individuals to moralize others so that they adopt a behaviour that is more favorable to their specific reproductive strategy. However, existing studies testing these approaches are limited by sample sizes or methodological problems (notably the ecological fallacy and the interplay between individual and aggregate parameters), and by a systematic lack of test measuring the capacity of the designed models to generalize their predictions to unknown data. The present study overcomes these limitations by applying k-fold cross-validation on multivariate modelling of data from more than 295 000 individuals in 107 countries of the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey. While the cultural group selection predicts a strong association between religiosity and large-scale cooperation, our models rather reveal the opposite association. In WEIRD as well as in non-WEIRD samples, religious people invest less in collective actions, participate less to political activities and are more mistrustful of others. By contrast, we find a strong and positive associations between moralizing and religiosity.},
  author = {Jacquet, Pierre O and Pazhoohi, Farid and Findling, Charles and Mell, Hugo and Chevallier, Coralie and Baumard, Nicolas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.31234/osf.io/hvpgq},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Predictive multivariate modelling of religiosity in 295 000 individuals from WEIRD and non-WEIRD populations},
  url = {https://psyarxiv.com/hvpgq/},
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{lang2020katolci,
  abstract = {This quantitatively oriented thesis analyses the changes with respect to beliefs, practices and attitudes to particular moral issues of Roman Catholics from the Visegrad countries during the last thirty years. For the interpretation of the empirical findings, the conceptual apparatus of the Karel Dobbelaere’s secularization theory is employed. The theory is also elaborated in order to point out its shortcomings. Empirical analysis – which is on the one hand explorative and on the other tests several hypotheses concerning the factors determining an extent of individual secularization – is based on the longitudinal European Values Study datasets. The main findings are as follows: (1) regardless of the change of Roman Catholic’s proportion on the whole of population in the studied countries, the overall degree of their normative integration has not changed significantly; (2) the variables like sex, age and urbanization can be considered as the fairly satisfactory predictors of the overall degree of normative integration, except for the educational level; (3) church attendances and degree of believe integration can be considered as the fairly satisfactory predictors of the of the degree of attitudes integration. Moreover, most of the empirical findings serve for the purposes of eventual future studies in this research field.},
  address = {Brno},
  author = {Lang, Petr},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {Masaryk University},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Římští katolíci pod drobnohledem: komparativní analýza individuální sekularizace v zemích V4},
  type = {Diplomarbeit},
  url = {https://is.muni.cz/th/ruozv/Lang_DP_19-12-09_fin.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{vilhelmsdottir2020political,
  abstract = {Despite the often intense public debate about how Icelanders have lost confidence in their regime institutions following the financial crisis of 2008 and policy recommendations on how to restore political trust, no systematic examination on the sources of political trust in Iceland has been carried out. This doctoral research aims to provide theoretical and empirical answers to the question: “what are the determinants of political trust in Iceland?” This includes mapping the dependent variable (i.e. political trust levels in Iceland) over time and studying its relationship with potential explanatory factors. Five theoretical perspectives from political science literature explaining the origins of public trust in political institutions guide the study: modernisation and value change, civic culture and social capital, policy performance, process performance, and electoral outcomes and partisanship. The study’s empirical section is based on repeated opinion survey data from two European programmes, and this data is used to conduct two types of analyses: a longitudinal descriptive analysis and a multivariate analysis. The longitudinal descriptive analysis identifies trends in the development of political trust levels in Iceland from 1983 to 2018, focusing on public trust in the national parliament (Althingi) in a comparative perspective. The multivariate analysis tests five models on the sources of political trust, evaluating the effects of different determinants of Icelanders’ political trust judgements across three time points: 2004, 2012, and 2016. The financial crisis of 2008—the crash—provides a before and after comparison framework for both the longitudinal descriptive and multivariate analyses. The study’s results show that Icelanders are and have been among the most trusting citizens in Europe, placing Iceland among the high trusting Nordic countries. Following the financial crisis of 2008, political trust levels in Iceland followed the same path as was observed in other countries greatly affected by the crisis. Public trust in the institutions and actors of political representation plummeted, while the crisis had a limited impact on trust in institutions on the implementation side of the system, such as the civil service, justice system, and police. The results demonstrate a strong and stable impact of evaluations of policy performance and process performance on political trust. Overall, satisfaction with the state of the economy proved to be the strongest determinant of Icelanders’ political trust over time. Social trust, demographic characteristics, and social status are all predictors of political trust in Iceland. Partisanship in general remained a stable source of political trust across the study’s three time points, while the relative impact of feeling closer to the parties in the coalition government changed significantly following the crash. The post-crisis economic recovery in Iceland has not been sufficient to restore Icelanders’ trust in the parliament Althingi to its pre-crash levels, as the political aftermath of the crisis seems to be having a greater and more prolonged impact on public trust in the key institutions of political representation.},
  address = {Reykjavík},
  author = {Vilhelmsdóttir, Sjöfn},
  doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.10734.77124},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Iceland},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Political Trust in Iceland: Determinants and trends, 1983 to 2018},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10734.77124},
  year = 2020
}

@article{carmoduarte2019sociedade,
  abstract = {This article aims to understand the influence of civil society on the quality of democracy in the Visegrad Group countries (Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic). To do so, the evolution of civil society in these countries was mapped, and the main theoretical debates on the theme were mobilised. Using data from international surveys over three different periods of time, it was found that citizen adherence to voluntary civil society organizations is weak in the four countries. These differences notwithstanding, the Czech Republic presents the best levels of participation in voluntary organizations, while Poland displays the worst. When analysing the relationship between civil society, volunteering associations and democracy, it can be concluded that, even though these countries may be facing a democratic setback, it should not be attributed to the weak levels of citizen participation in volunteering associations.},
  author = {Carmo Duarte, Mariana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.4000/rccs.9488},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 120,
  pages = {33-52},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Sociedade civil e democracia: o Grupo de Visegrado em perspetiva comparada},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/rccs.9488},
  year = 2019
}

@article{rontos2019marriage,
  abstract = {In recent decades, family patterns have been (more or less rapidly) transformed in all Western societies. This is also the case for Greece, whose society was frequently considered one of the most traditional among European countries, since family stereotypes, secular social norms and – in some ways – religion occupied (and still do) a prominent position. Based on a survey of students’ attitudes towards marriage (or cohabitation), an exploratory data analysis allows the identification of specific factors shaping beliefs and attitudes toward marriage in Greek society. In particular, it is demonstrated that female students are overcoming traditional boundaries and prefer more modern forms of companionship. The results indicate that female students tend to postpone their decision to marry, as traditional family stereotypes seem to have lost their influence on the life course decisions taken by young women. Additionally, a large proportion of female students use cohabitation as a precursor to marriage. Respondents are found to be more emancipated and independent than in years gone by, while social status and financial independence are sought through education rather than marriage. Another important factor is the lack of state policies supporting families and the lack of incentives to have children.},
  author = {Rontos, Kostas and Roumeliotou, Myrsine and Salvati, Luca and Syrmali, Maria-Eleni},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.21543/DEE.2017.1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Demográfia},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {5-31},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Marriage or Cohabitation? A Survey of Students’ Attitudes in Greece},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21543/DEE.2017.1},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{hajdu2019values,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Hajdu, Gábor and Sik, Endre},
  booktitle = {Youth Labor in Transition: Inequalities, Mobility, and Policies in Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  editor = {Jacqueline, O’Reilly and Leschke, Janine and Ortlieb, Renate and Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin and Villa, Paola},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {629-659},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Are the work values of the younger generations changing?},
  url = {https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/handle/2318/1693428/482790/9780190864798.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{palmisano2019gender,
  abstract = {Many studies have shown that women are more religious than men, a difference long accepted as an established fact in the sociology of religion. But some recent research has revealed that this difference is not ‘universal’, varying in space and time. However, only a few scholars have focused on religiosity gender-gap trends over time, either on the theoretical or empirical levels. The aim of this article is to help fill this gap by analysing the progress of gender differences in religiosity from 1981 to 2009 in Italy, an interesting cultural context because of the gradual penetration of secularisation and the high level of gender inequality. Our empirical analysis is based on a longitudinal approach, using data from the European Values Study. The findings show that the gender gap in Italy was quite stable in regard to many aspects of religiosity, with three noteworthy exceptions: the gender gap decreased in beliefs, in intergenerational transmission of faith and in adherence to the Church’s doctrines on prostitution, abortion, divorce, euthanasia, suicide and adultery. Contrary to expectations, in most cases this narrowing came about because of an increase in men’s religiosity, not a decrease in women’s. },
  author = {Palmisano, Stefania and Todesco, Lorenzo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0037768619868613},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768619868613},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {543-560},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The gender gap in religiosity over time in Italy: Are men and women really becoming more similar?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768619868613},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2019
}

@article{haerpfer2014support,
  author = {Haerpfer, Christian W. and Kizilova, Ksenyia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Вісник Харківського національного університету імені В.Н. Каразіна},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1101,
  pages = {118-125},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Поддержка политической системы и демократии в новых независимых государствах (Support for Political System and Democracy in New Independent State)},
  year = 2014
}

@article{carrilesalvarez2019effect,
  abstract = {From the end of the 1990’s and the beginning of the 2000’s, Latin American region experienced the largest female labor force participation growth in the world. Recent literature (Camou, 2015; Chioda, 2016; Gasparini & Marchionni, 2015; Klasen, 2018; Serrano et al., 2018) conclude that marriage and fertility trends, economic growth and education as important determinants, but agree to the need to analyze women preferences and social factors also as contributing elements. This study contributes to the literature by studying these two factors in the region, from the viewpoint of Akerlof & Kranton’s (2000) Identity Economic Theory, and Welzel’s (2013b) Emancipative Values Theory. Exploiting World Values Survey data and European Values Study, this investigation developed a probabilistic regression model where women’s preference towards egalitarian views as workingwoman is analyzed as Women’s Identity, and social constraints upon gender equality is analyzed integrating a Women’s Emancipative Values indicator. This work also compares Latin American countries results with OECD countries to note differences between the groups. We conclude that Women’s Identity and Women’s Emancipative Value are strong positive statistically significant determinants of FLFP. When compared with OECD countries, we also conclude that women in the two groups of countries share similar self-views as workingwoman, but Latin America still has social constraints at play that are limiting FLFP in the region.},
  author = {Carriles Álvarez, Alonso and Beltrán-Godoy, Jaime Humberto and Mata Mata, Leovardo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.21640/ns.v11i22.1785},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {2007-0705},
  journal = {Nova scientia},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 22,
  pages = {323-356},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The effect of women's identity and emancipative values in female labor force participation: a comparison between Latin American and OECD countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21640/ns.v11i22.1785},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{belmonte2017collective,
  abstract = {o what extent does the degree of authoritarian political support depend on collective memories of a past experience with democracy? And how costly is it for a dictator to manipulate such memories with the help of propaganda? In this paper, we develop a political economy model with endogenous reference points, where a dictator strategically recalls traumatic collective memories of past political instability with the help of propaganda, to convince the population that an autocratic status quo is superior to a potential democratic alternative. In our model, both the optimal level of propaganda and collective memories are jointly determined. We show how the marginal benefit of propaganda is positively correlated both with the amount of rent distribution within the elite, and the intensity of a past traumatic experience with democracy. We illustrate our theoretical findings with case-studies of two authoritarian regimes that were preceded by periods of political instability -- the Russian Federation under Vladimir Putin, and Chile under Augusto Pinochet. We then also provide cross-country empirical evidence in support of our argument.},
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Belmonte, Alessandro and Rochlitz, Michael},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2914275},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {National Research University Higher School of Economics Research},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {BRP 43/PS/2017},
  pages = 45,
  series = {Higher School of Economics Research Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Collective Memories, Propaganda and Authoritarian Political Support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2914275},
  year = 2017
}

@techreport{litina2020corruption,
  abstract = {We study the relation between conjugal family ties and corruption, as well as the important role of this relation for the cultural transmission of preferences regarding the strength of family ties. We show that the impact of family ties on the level of corruption, which can be either positive or negative, feeds back into the very process through which preferences for family ties are diffused from the older to the younger generations. As a result, the relation between family ties and corruption sets in motion mechanisms that govern the dynamics of cultural transmission. These dynamics determine long-term outcomes in terms of the population’s cultural homogeneity or diversity with regard to their attitudes towards family ties.},
  address = {Munich},
  author = {Litina, Anastasia and Varvarigos, Dimitrios},
  institution = {Munich Personal RePEc Archive},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 98885,
  series = {MPRA Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Corruption and the Cultural Evolution of Family Ties},
  url = {https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/98885},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{hammar2019where,
  abstract = {In this study, I analyze the relationship between individualism and preferences for income redistribution and equality, using variation in immigrants’ countries of origin to capture the impact of cultural beliefs on individual preferences. Using global survey data for a large number of individuals and countries around the world, I find strong support for the hypothesis that coming from a more individualistic culture is negatively and significantly associated with an individual’s preferences for redistribution. The results are confirmed using a variety of robustness checks, including matching estimators and the grammatical rule of a pronoun drop as an instrumental variable. Cultural assimilation analysis, however, indicates that the impact of the cultural origin weakens off with time spent in the new country, and that the culture of origin has no statistically significant effect on an individual’s current preferences for redistribution if migration took place before the age of 10.},
  address = {Uppsala},
  author = {Hammar, Olle},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Uppsala University},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 40,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {It’s Where You’re From, It’s Where You’re At: Culture, Individualism and Preferences for Redistribution},
  url = {https://www.oru.se/globalassets/oru-sv/institutioner/hh/seminarieserien-nek/seminarieserie-nek---olle-hammar-190314.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{mazzucchelli2019carework,
  abstract = {Since the early 1990s, the demand for Parental Leave and formal ECEC services has been increasing in all European countries as more women have entered the labour market (Annesley, 2007). Although the EU Directive on Parental Leave has obliged member states to introduce appropriate legislation, significant differences in this leave can still be found among countries in relation to eligibility, duration, levels of payment and flexibility (Koslowski et al, 2016). The aim of this chapter is to explore whether the often-used approach (à la Esping-Andersen) to identify welfare regimes according to their unique and mutually exclusive characteristics helps us.},
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Mazzucchelli, Sara and Pesenti, Luca and Bosoni, M Letizia},
  booktitle = {Parental Leave and Beyond: Recent International Developments, Current Issues and Future Directions},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Moss, Peter and Duvander, Ann-Zofie and Koslowski, Alison},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {241-260},
  publisher = {Bristol University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Care-work policies: conceptualising leave within a broader framework},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvfrxngh.20},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{rydefalk2020suhtautuminen,
  abstract = {Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on tarkastella taloudellisesti ei-rationaalisen etnisen työmarkkinadiskriminaation olemassaoloa ja selvittää sen mahdollisia syitä. Aluksi kartoitan teorioita, joilla pyritään selittämään maahanmuuttajien ja kantaväestön työllisyyden eroa. Nämä teoriat voidaan jakaa uusklassisiin ja segmentoituneiden työmarkkinoiden teorioihin. Uusklassisia teorioita ovat inhimillisen pääoman puute tai sen menetys henkilön maahanmuutossa, sekä statistinen ja mieltymyspohjainen diskriminaatio. Uusklassisissa teorioissa on yleensä oletus toimijoiden taloudellisesta rationaalisuudesta. Statistisessa diskriminaatiossa on kyse tilastollisesti tai stereotyyppisesti vähemmän tuottavien ryhmien syrjimisestä työmarkkinoilla. Mieltymyspohjaisessa diskriminaatiossa työnantajat olettavat asiakkaiden kaikkoavan, mikäli työntekijöinä on maahanmuuttajia, jolloin diskriminaatiolle on taloudellinen syy. Mieltymyspohjaisen diskriminaation teoria antaa myös tilaa työnantajan omaehtoiselle diskriminoinnille. Segmentoituneiden työmarkkinoiden teoriat ovat hieman vähemmän jäsenneltyjä, mutta ne olettavat institutionaalisten rajoitusten kuten kohtuuttomien kielitaitovaatimusten ja muun väestön sosiaalisten odotuksien painostavan työnantajat diskriminoimaan maahanmuuttajia. Tutkielmassa minulla on kaksi tutkimuskysymystä. Ensimmäinen on: ”Miten esimiehet ja yrittäjät, joilla on alaisia, eroavat Suomen muusta väestöstä suhtautumisessaan maahanmuuttajien työmarkkinadiskriminointiin.” Tällä yritän hakea mahdollisia työnantajia, jotka osallistuvat myös rekrytointiin. Toinen tutkimuskysymykseni on ”Mitkä tekijät selittävät ihmisten suhtautumista maahanmuuttajien työmarkkinadiskriminaatioon.” Käytän aineistonani European Values Study:n 2017 aineistoa. Suhtautumisen mittarina käytän viisiportaista Likert-asteikollista väittämää ”Kun työpaikkoja on niukasti, työnantajien pitäisi asettaa suomalaiset työnhaussa etusijalle maahanmuuttajiin nähden.” Tuloksenani esimiehet ja yrittäjät, joilla on alaisia eivät eroa muusta väestöstä suhtautumisessaan etniseen työmarkkinadiskriminaatioon. Oletan että esimiehet ja yrittäjät, joilla on alaisia, kuvaavat jossain määrin rekrytoivassa asemassa olevia työnantajia. Siinä tapauksessa työnantajat diskriminoivat maahanmuuttajia taloudellisesti ei-rationaalisesti vastoin uusklassisen työmarkkinateorian oletuksia. Toiseksi suomalaiset kallistuvat hivenen etnisen diskriminaation hyväksymisen puolelle. Kolmanneksi tunnistan tilastollisesti erittäin merkitsevän yhteyden koulutuksen ja suhtautumisen välillä, kun taas sukupuolella ja ikäryhmillä ei ole tarkemman tarkastelemisen jälkeen tilastollista yhteyttä suhtautumiseen. Tulokset antavat tukea segmentoituneiden työmarkkinoiden teorian diskriminaatiolle. Uusklassisen teorian mekanismeihin tutkimuksella ei pystytä ottamaan kantaa. Mieltymyspohjaiselle diskriminaatiolle löytyi taloudellisesti rationaalinen syy, mikäli etnisen työmarkkinadiskriminaation hyväksyvät henkilöt myös karttavat maahanmuuttajia.},
  address = {Jyväskylän yliopisto},
  author = {Rydefalk, Lukas},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 28,
  school = {University of Jyväskylä},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Suhtautuminen maahanmuuttajien työmarkkinadiskriminaatioon Suomessa},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/69043},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{hagevi2019dipac,
  abstract = {The data described in this report were collected for the DIPAC-project: Decreased Ideological Polarisation and Conflict in Western Europe?  This report describes DIPAC Citizen data set. The first part of this report gives information on the project as a whole, including discussions of case selection and core concepts. Following this, there are a technical report the DIPAC citizen data set. },
  address = {Växjö},
  author = {Hagevi, Magnus and Blombäck, Sofie and Hinnfors, Jonas and Demker, Marie and Loxbo, Karl},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314 ; 10.4232/1.12312},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0},
  institution = {Linnaeus Universit},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 137,
  publisher = {Linnaeus University},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2013},
  title = {DIPAC Citizen data : Technical report 1.0},
  url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Amiun%3Adiva-37529},
  year = 2019
}

@article{fortsch2020gebietsreformen,
  abstract = {Wir zeigen in diesem Beitrag, dass Fusionen von Landkreisen oder Gemeinden negative Auswirkungen auf die Verbundenheit mit dem eigenen Wohnort haben können. Einer von vier Bürgern verliert durch Gebietsreformen seine Identifikation mit der Kommune und damit eine wichtige Basis für soziales Engagement vor Ort. Überschaubare Strukturen sind ein wichtiger Faktor für Heimatgefühl, Ehrenamt und Partizipation vor Ort.},
  author = {Förtsch, Mona and Rösel, Felix},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {ifo Dresden berichtet},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 1,
  pages = {3-5},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gebietsreformen reduzieren das Heimatgefühl},
  url = {https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/ifo-dresden-berichtet-2020-01-gebietsreformen-heimatgefuehl.pdf},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{sanchezbeato2019protagonistas,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Sánchez-Beato, Estela Aguirre and Guerra, Juan Carlos Ballesteros and Imaz, Javier Elzo and González-Anleo, Juan M. and Valenzuela, Eusebio Megías and Mínguez, Almudena Moreno and Julián, Elena Rodríguez San and Castillo, Ana Rubio and Canaviri, Patricia Tudela},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Centro Reina Sofía sobre Adolescencia y Juventud},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  pages = 328,
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Protagonistas y espectadores. Una mirada longitudinal sobre la juventud española},
  url = {http://xuventude.xunta.es/images/Observatorio_Galego_da_Xuventude/año_2019/Protagonistas_y_espectadores_VOL_I_Una_mirada_longitudinal_sobre_la_juventud_española.PDF#page=149},
  year = 2019
}

@book{martini2020citizens,
  abstract = {This book provides an innovative and in-depth analysis of how attitudes towards democracy and political institutions differ across 31 countries in Europe, and how these attitudes have fluctuated over time. After addressing conceptual and measurement issues about the evaluative dimension of political support, the authors develop a unique framework assessing the role of the institutional format, the quality of the political process, macro-economic conditions and inequality to explain trends and differences in political satisfaction and trust. The book further explores how education, employment and electoral status create gaps in political support. Citizens and Democracy in Europe will be of interest to students and scholars in comparative politics, political sociology and public opinion.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Martini, Sergio and Quaranta, Mario},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.12590},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-21633-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA6670 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-21632-0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2014},
  title = {Citizens and Democracy in Europe. Contexts, Changes and Political Support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21633-7},
  year = 2020
}

@book{tormos2020rhythm,
  abstract = {In The Rhythm of Modernization, Raül Tormos analyses the pace at which belief systems change across the developed world during the modernization process. It is often assumed that value change follows the slow rhythm of generational replacement. This book, however, reports trends that contradict this assumption in the field of values. Challenging Inglehart’s modernization theory, the transition from traditional to modern values happens much quicker than predicted. Many “baby-boomers” who were church-going, morally conservative materialists when they were young, become unchurched and morally tolerant postmaterialists in their later years. Using surveys from multiple countries over many years, and applying cutting-edge statistical techniques, this book shows how citizens quickly adapt their belief systems to new circumstances throughout their lives.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Tormos, Raül},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.10074 ; 10.4232/1.10970 ; 10.4232/1.10975},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004411913},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA3521 v2.0.1 ; ZA4414 v1.1.0 ; ZA4507 v1.1.0},
  isbn = {9789004360242},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  number = 132,
  pages = {307 },
  publisher = {Brill},
  series = {International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; MannheimTrendFile1970-2002 ; EB64.2 ; EB65.3},
  title = {The Rhythm of Modernization : How Values Change Over Time},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004411913},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{szabomorvai2019impact,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Szabó-Morvai, Ágnes and Lovász, Anna},
  booktitle = {The Hungarian Labour Market 2018},
  editor = {Fazekas, Károly and Szabó-Morvai, Ágnes},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {156-158},
  publisher = {Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences},
  series = {The Hungarian Labour Market Yearbooks},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The impact of childcare availability on female labour supply},
  url = {http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/94323},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{alvarezbotas2019trust,
  abstract = {This paper analyses the effect of trust on bank loan spreads for a sample of 16,324 loans from 36 countries over the period 2003-2013, considering not just the role of trust but also the interaction between trust and the legal protection of property rights and how its effect is moderated by the economic development of the country. The results show that greater trust tend to reduce the bank loan spreads when the degree of the protection of property rights is weak in line with trust and legal protection being alternative mechanisms for reducing the cost of debt. Regarding with the degree of economic development, the results show that both trust and legal protection have a greater influence in countries with a lower degree of economic development.},
  address = {Oviedo},
  author = {Alvarez-Botas, Celia and González, Victor},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3385401},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Universidad de Ovied},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 25,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Trust and the Cost of Bank Loans: International Evidence},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3385401},
  year = 2019
}

@article{furseth2019religious,
  abstract = {This article studies empirically the complexity of religion in the public sphere by systematically comparing the five Nordic countries. Sociologists debate if current trends in the West point to secularization or a return of religion (deprivatization, desecularization, or post-secularity). By drawing on the social science complexity reference, this article offers a critique of current scholarship and introduces the concept of religious complexity. The empirical study asks how religion is regulated, debated, and negotiated in the state, the polity, the media, and civil society in the Nordic countries since the 1980s. It is based on multiple sources of data. The analysis shows several religious trends at different levels: A growing secularization at the individual level, and the deprivatization of religion in politics, the media, and civil society. The conclusion outlines the religious complexity in the Nordic countries and discusses possible explanations that link the different and seemingly inconsistent trends.},
  author = {Furseth, Inger and Kühle, Lene and Lundby, Knut and Lövheim, Mia},
  doi = {10.18261/issn.1890-7008-2019-01-05ER},
  issn = {08097291},
  journal = {Nordic Journal of Religion and Society},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {71-90},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Religious Complexity in Nordic Public Spheres},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1890-7008-2019-01-05},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{fleck2019culture,
  abstract = {Can cultural differences explain differences in household portfolios? We answer this question by studying the portfolio choices of immigrant communities using data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) and the European and World Value Studies (EVS and WVS). Having access to non-anonymized information on country of birth in the HFCS, we can compare the portfolios of immigrants from a large set of countries. Hence, we can isolate the influence of culture and (endogenous) institutions on financial decisions related to precautionary behavior and risk taking. As differential European home-ownership rates have profound reflections in household portfolios, we put particular emphasis on housing tenure decision in our investigation. Our findings indicate that variation in cultural norms, such as trust in public and private institutions, is associated with different amounts of precautionary savings and alters the probability to take on financial risk for the purpose of becoming a homeowner. These results are robust across a range of econometric specifications.},
  author = {Fleck, Johannes and Monninger, Adrian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Culture, Liquid Assets and La Dolce Villa: Portfolio Choice of Immigrants},
  url = {https://www.jofleck.com/publication/culture_assets/culture_assets.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{gunnarsson2019tilreikningur,
  abstract = {When the European Values Study was carried out in Iceland in 2017, it was decided to conduct a Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) for the first time along with the traditional Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI). In order to shorten the time it takes to answer the survey a matrix design was used. The questionnaire was split into 5 parts and the sample was randomly split so that each participant only answered 3 of these parts. A large amount of blank cells in the data is inevitably a consequence of this method, and when making statistical tests, these missing values must be dealt with in some way. Listwise-deletion, where all rows containing missing values are deleted, is the most common method, but since the data contains a high proportion of missing values due to design, more information is being sacrificed than needs be. In this study seven methods to deal with missing by design values will be compared. These methods are listwisedeletion, mean imputation, multiple linear regression imputation, multiple linear regression imputation with noise, as well as three methods using multiple imputation with and without auxiliary variables, namely Predictive Mean Matching (PMM), Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and Random Forest. The results show that multiple imputation with PMM and CART yielded a regression model that most resembled regression model with full data.},
  address = {Reykjavík},
  author = {Gunnarsson, Stefán Þór},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 53,
  school = {Universität von Island},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Tilreikningur og brottfallsgildi : Samanburður á aðferðum til að bregðast við hönnuðum eyðum í gagnasafni (Isländisch)},
  type = {Mastersthesis},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1946/32810},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{lassila2020ktenskapets,
  abstract = {Ingångna äktenskap har blivit färre och skilsmässorna har ökat. På samma gång är det nästan en självklarhet att bo tillsammans innan äktenskap. Finländare gifter sig allt senare i livet, om de alls gifter sig. Syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka hur äktenskapets betydelse har förändrats och vad förändringarna kan bero på. Forskningsfrågorna är, Hur har äktenskapet förändrats och hur ser det ut idag? Vilka finländare stöder äktenskap som institution? Avhandlingens teoretiska utgångspunkter är bland annat en historisk utveckling, feminismen, individualismen och ekonomiska förändringar i hushållen. Lagändring förskilsmässor gjorde att möjligheten finns att skilja sig utan någon orsak. Under 60-talets sexuella revolution skedde stora förändringar, vilket påverkat omständigheterna kring äktenskapet. Kvinnor behöver exempelvis inte längre vara gifta för att kunna försörja sig. Tidigare forskning om attityder till äktenskap lyfter fram omgivningens betydelse, skillnader mellan åldersgrupper, religionstillhörighet och eventuella barns påverkan till hur man ser på äktenskap. Utbildningsnivå och arbetssituation påverkar också. Som underlag för den empiriska undersökningen används data från FSD, Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv. Formuläret är en del av European Value Study 2017. Resultatet visar att de som redan är i äktenskap har en mer positiv syn på äktenskap än de som exempelvis är samboende. Barn har också en stor betydelse. Äldre personer har en mer konservativ syn på äktenskap än de som är yngre. Ju oftare man går i kyrkan desto mindre negativ är man till äktenskap. Den andel finländare som anser att äktenskapet är en förgången institution är väldigt liten, men det betyder samtidigt inte att de finländare som ännu stöder äktenskap själva gifter sig. Äktenskapets grunder och värderingar värdesätts inte på samma sätt idag som tidigare.},
  address = {Turku},
  author = {Lassila, Elina},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {Åbo Akademi},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Är äktenskapets tid förbi? Finländares inställning till äktenskap},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe202003178313},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{szoltysek2019historical,
  abstract = {Last years have witnessed a growing interest in economics and cross-cultural studies in the role of the historical family as the instigator of disparate developmental trajectories. This new emerging literature has already provoked a considerable amount of controversy, involving debates on the precise underlying mechanisms, the role of non-familial institutions and the possibility of reversed causality, as well as the quality of historical data. Using novel historical database of European family this paper reaffirms the hypothesis that historical family organization could be one of the intermediate factors associated with developmental and value disparities among European nations today pointed out in earlier scholarship. We show that countries starting out from more patriarchal family structures in the past exhibit more hierarchical gender relations, more collectivist mindsets, and lower levels of economic and human development in the present. These findings suggest that the criticism of the family role in comparative development may be premature, and that links between historical family organisation and developmental gradients merit further attention.},
  author = {Szoltysek, Mikolaj and Poniat, Radosław},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.31235/osf.io/ad7qr},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {SocArXiv},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 63,
  publisher = {SocArXiv},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Historical family systems and lasting developmental trajectories in Europe: the power of the family?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ad7qr},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{schafer2019popular,
  abstract = {Do norms have a causal impact on the decline of democratic institutions? I use a dyadic analysis that draws on data from the European and World Values Survey and Polity IV. I find that popularly held norms do not matter, but that the norms of economic elites do. There are two theoretical points driving these findings. One, the decisions of political elites is disproportionately influenced by voters wealthier than the median. The resources commanded by economic elites make them more important than the average citizen, and accordingly, their interests and values are also more important. In effect, the selectorate is considerably smaller than the full voting population. Two, wealthy elites have historically been opposed to democratic concessions. Due to greater levels of income inequality, elites’ opposition to democracy, along with their relative power, has increased. Therefore, their normative attitudes are increasingly likely to translate into democratic decline.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Schafer, Dean},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.33774/apsa-2019-45m69},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Cambridge University Press},
  journal = {APSA Preprints},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 31,
  series = {APSA Preprints},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Do Popular Norms Matter for Democratic Backsliding?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33774/apsa-2019-45m69},
  year = 2019
}

@article{moriconi2019commodity,
  abstract = {The purpose of this paper is twofold. We first investigate whether product market regulations affect commodity taxation in open-to-trade economies, and second, we study the strategic interaction in regulatory measures between trading partner countries. We present a two-country general equilibrium model in which destination-based commodity taxes finance public goods, and product market regulation affects both the number of firms in the market and product diversity. Based on data for 21 OECD countries over the 1990–2008 period, we provide empirical evidence suggesting that product market regulations are strategic complement policies and that domestic regulations have a negative impact on domestic commodity taxation.},
  author = {Moriconi, Simone and Picard, Pierre M. and Zanaj, Skerdilajda},
  doi = {10.1007/s10797-018-9521-4},
  issn = {15736970},
  journal = {International Tax and Public Finance},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {919-965},
  refid = {Moriconi2019},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Commodity taxation and regulatory competition},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-018-9521-4},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{grand2019autoritre,
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Grand, Peter},
  booktitle = {Sehnsucht nach dem starken Mann? Autoritäre Tendenzen in Österreich seit 1945},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Dolezal, Martin and Grand, Peter and Molden, Berthold and Schriffl, David},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {21-113},
  publisher = {Böhlau Verlag},
  series = {Schriftenreihe des Forschungsinstituts für politisch-historische Studien},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Autoritäre Einstellungen in der österreichischen Bevölkerung in der Zweiten Republik},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2019
}

@article{callens2019contact,
  abstract = { In this article, we study how attitudes toward the integration of immigrants (multiculturalism and assimilation) are formed through the interplay between immigration-related threat perceptions, intergroup contacts, and the different migratory backgrounds of residents in a host country. The analysis is conducted using Multiple Group Structural Equation Modeling on data from the 2008 Luxembourg European Values Study. Our findings indicate that stronger perceptions of threat are related to more support for assimilation among all residents and to less support for multiculturalism among native residents and culturally close immigrants. More contact with natives is associated with more support for assimilation among culturally close immigrants and with more threat perceptions among culturally distant immigrants. },
  author = {Callens, Marie-Sophie and Meuleman, Bart and Marie, Valentová},
  doi = {10.1177/0022022118817656},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118817656},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {285-310},
  study = {EVS2008 Luxembourg},
  title = {Contact, Perceived Threat, and Attitudes Toward Assimilation and Multiculturalism: Evidence from a Majority and Minority Perspective in Luxembourg},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118817656},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2019
}

@article{hubatkova2019thirty,
  abstract = {The text aims to analyze attitudes to abortion at the end of state socialism in Czechoslovakia, trying to see whether thirty plus years of legally obtainable abortion resulted in markedly favorable stance and whether there was any difference in attitudes between persons socialized under different legal regulation of abortion. Results show that the attitudes in the general population were dependent upon the circumstances of pregnancy in a way that indicated some link to the broader historical context of abortion under state socialism, especially where attitudes to “abortion as a mean of birth control” were concerned. Czechoslovaks born in the latter part of the 1940s, in the 1950s, and the first half of the 1960s were found to be more tolerant to abortion than their older and younger counterparts but did not differ among themselves. },
  author = {Hubatková, Barbora},
  doi = {10.1177/0363199019846178},
  journal = {Journal of Family History},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {313-338},
  study = {EVS1991},
  title = {Thirty Years in the Making: Attitudes to Abortion among Czechs and Slovaks at the End of the State Socialist Era in Czechoslovakia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0363199019846178},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2019
}

@book{owen2019other,
  abstract = {In Other People's Struggles, Nicholas Owen looks at the outsider in social movements--people like men in women's movements, white people in anti-colonial movements, or rich people in movements for the poor. He asks why such outsiders, usually termed conscience constituents, are sometimes present and sometimes absent, drawing on examples from British history of the last two hundred years. It develops an original theory to explain their motivations, the consequences of their participation, and their controversial, complex and changing place in social movements of the past and present.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Owen, Nicholas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9780190945862},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Other People's Struggles : Outsiders in Social Movements},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{grunow2019comparing,
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Grunow, Daniela},
  booktitle = {New Parents in Europe. Work-Care Practices, Gender Norms and Family Policies},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.4337/9781788972970},
  editor = {Grunow, Daniela and Evertsson, Marie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9781788972963},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {29-39},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Comparing couples narratives over time: data and methods},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972970},
  year = 2019
}

@article{korotayev2020variation,
  abstract = {The current article investigates the relation between values and modernization applying some elements of the method proposed by Inglehart and Welzel (the authors of the Human Development Sequence Theory) to the data of Shalom Schwartz. The values survey by Schwartz specifies two main value axes, namely, conservation versus openness to change and self-transcendence versus self-enhancement. Our research has revealed that the correlation between these two value axes differs in its direction when estimated for “macro-Europe” (that includes Europe and former settlement colonies of North and South America and Oceania) and “Afroasia” (that includes Asia and Africa). In “macro-Europe,” we deal with a significant positive correlation between openness to change and self-transcendence, whereas in “Afroasia,” this correlation is strong, significant, and negative. We investigate the possible impact of modernization on this difference. To do this, we approximate modernization through such indicators as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the proportions of the labor force employed in various sectors of economy. We find that, in both megazones, modernization is accompanied by increasing openness to change values. As for the self-transcendence/self-enhancement axis, we propose two possible explanations of the different dynamics observed in Europe and in “the East” (Asia and North Africa), namely, (a) that Eastern and Western societies find themselves at different modernization stages and (b) that this difference is accounted for by different civilizational patterns. Further analysis suggests that the latter explanation might be more plausible. },
  author = {Korotayev, Andrey and Slinko, Elena and Meshcherina, Kira and Zinkina, Julia},
  doi = {10.1177/1069397119874781},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397119874781},
  journal = {Cross-Cultural Research},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {238-272},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Variation of Human Values and Modernization: Preliminary Results},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397119874781},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2020
}

@article{goddard2019entering,
  abstract = {While all government portfolios used to be the purview of men exclusively, more and more women are selected to sit around the cabinet table. But under which circumstances do women get appointed to different ministerial portfolios? This article, proposes a theoretical framework to consider how party leaders’ attitudes and motivations influence the allocation of portfolios to male and female ministers. These propositions are tested empirically by bringing together data on 7,005 cabinet appointments across 29 European countries from the late 1980s until 2014. Considering the key partisan dynamics of the ministerial selection process, it is found that women are significantly less likely to be appointed to the ‘core’ offices of state, and ‘masculine’ and ‘neutral’ policy areas. However, these gender differences are moderated by the ideology of the party that allocates them. Women are more likely to be appointed to ‘masculine’ portfolios when a party's voters have more progressive gender attitudes. This theoretical framework and analysis enhances our understanding of women's access to the government, which has important implications for how ministers are selected, as well as how women are represented in the most powerful policy-making positions in Europe.},
  author = {Goddard, Lee},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12305},
  eprint = {https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12305},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {631-655},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Entering the men's domain? Gender and portfolio allocation in European governments},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12305},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2019
}

@article{neundorf2020inclusionary,
  abstract = {We propose a distinction between inclusionary and exclusionary autocratic ruling strategies and develop novel theoretical propositions on the legacy that these strategies leave on citizens’ political attitudes once the autocratic regime broke down. Using data of 1.3 million survey respondents from 71 countries and hierarchical age–period–cohort models, we estimate between and within cohort differences in citizens’ democratic support. We find that inclusionary regimes—with wider redistribution of socioeconomic and political benefits—leave a stronger antidemocratic legacy than exclusionary regimes on the political attitudes of their citizens. Similarly, citizens who were part of the winning group in an autocracy are more critical with democracy compared with citizens who were part of discriminated groups. This article contributes to our understanding about how autocracies affect the hearts and minds of ordinary citizens. },
  author = {Neundorf, Anja and Gerschewski, Johannes and Olar, Roman-Gabriel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0010414019858958},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019858958},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3521 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1890-1925},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; The Mannheim Eurobarometer Trend File 1970-2002},
  title = {How Do Inclusionary and Exclusionary Autocracies Affect Ordinary People?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019858958},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{bjarnadottir2020people,
  abstract = {We are facing environmental challenges we have never seen before. Now it is critical to examine pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. Previous research on environmental behavior has not paid much attention to how different social contexts can affect behavior. The focus of this research is therefore to explain pro-environmental behaviors through the lens of environmental sociology. Environmental sociology examines the social construct of environmental problems, an analysis of their causes, impacts, and potential solutions. The sociological perspective illustrates that decisions and behaviors often appear to be individual but are in fact more often embedded in a larger social context. The goal of this research is to examine if people are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behavior if their friends and family are also engaging in it. To answer that I examine what factors influence people’s pro-environmental behavior, examine people’s pro-environmental attitudes, and lastly examine if people with pro-environmental attitudes are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behavior. The results showed that social networks do have an effect on recycling behavior, and they act as encouragement for people to put extra effort in protecting the environment. This shows that social context is important when examining pro-environmental behavior. The factors that influenced recycling behavior were social, networks, social norms, PBC factors (perceived behavioral control) and concerns about the environment. The factors that explained why some people engage in an extra-effort to protect the environment were social networks, social norms, PBC factors, age, and household income. Lastly, pro-environmental attitudes did not affect pro-environmental behavior when controlling for other factors. The conclusion of the results is therefore that people’s social network has more influence on people’s behavior than pro-environmental attitudes.},
  address = {Reykjavík},
  author = {Bjarnadóttir, Sóllilja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Iceland},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Do people behave as their family and friends? The role of social networks for pro-environmental behavior in Iceland},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1946/36982},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{weinreb2018israels,
  abstract = {It is widely-known that fertility levels in Israel are very high relative to other developed countries. This chapter discusses other exceptional aspects of Israel’s fertility, most of which are much less well-known, even though they may have significant implications for public policy. Our focus is on: Who is having children, at what age, within marriage? How educated are they? Among the key results, we find: (1) Over the last 15 years, fertility in Israel has increased by 0.2 children, even as Haredi and Arab fertility has fallen, and even as the mean age at first birth has increased by at least 2 years in Israel’s Jewish, Christian, and Druze populations. (2) Non-marital fertility rates remain among the lowest in the OECD, though they are rising, especially among women in their 30s and early 40s. (3) Rates of childlessness in Israel are low by international standards, especially for Jewish women — for women aged 45 and over, the rates are more than twice as high among Israeli Arabs. (4) The difference in overall fertility levels between Israel and other developed countries is disproportionately driven by higher Israeli fertility at later ages — 30s into early 40s — and higher fertility among more educated Israelis. Combining these findings, we conclude that a higher proportion of children in Israel are born to older parents and college-educated parents than is the case in other OECD countries, and a smaller percentage live in single-parent households. We briefly discuss the implications of this for a range of educational and welfare policies.},
  address = {Jerusalem},
  author = {Weinreb, Alex and Chernichovsky, Dov and Brill, Aviv},
  booktitle = {State of the Nation Report. Society, Economy and Policy in Israel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Weiss, Avi},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {271-312},
  publisher = {Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel},
  series = {The Herbert M. Singer Annual Report Series},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Israel’s Exceptional Fertility},
  url = {http://taubcenter.org.il/wp-content/files_mf/exceptionalfertilityeng.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@book{davoine2020conomie,
  abstract = {Qu’est-ce qui nous rend heureux ? Si psychologues et sociologues se penchent sur ce sujet, l’économie peut aussi apporter des éléments de réponse à la question essentielle de la nature du bonheur. Au tournant des années 2000, le nombre d’articles et de livres publiés par des économistes sur le bonheur a crû de manière exponentielle. Comment expliquer une telle révolution en économie ? Quels sont les méthodes et les principaux enseignements de l’économie du bonheur ? L’argent fait-il le bonheur et la croissance économique s’accompagne-t-elle de mieux-être ? Si le rôle de la croissance constitue un débat fondateur, et toujours vivant, d’autres questions animent les économistes, qui scrutent désormais l’évolution du bien-être au travail, mais aussi tout au long du cycle de vie, et dans des contextes sociaux et culturels divers : chômage, inégalités, démocratie en berne, environnement dégradé sont autant de facteurs qui contribuent à miner le moral. Le bonheur, une donnée éminemment individuelle, désormais sondée et mesurée, se retrouve alors au cœur de débats politiques.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Davoine, Lucie},
  isbn = {9782348054648},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {La Découverte},
  refid = {DEC_DAVOI_2012_01},
  series = {Repères},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Économie du bonheur},
  url = {https://www.editionsladecouverte.fr/economie_du_bonheur-9782348054648},
  year = 2020
}

@article{magniberton2019academics,
  abstract = {In this article, the authors explore why academics tend to oppose the market. To this intent the article uses normative political theory as an explanatory mechanism, starting with a conjecture originally suggested by Robert Nozick. Academics are over-represented amongst the best students of their cohort. School achievement engenders high expectations about future economic prospects. Yet markets are only contingently sensitive to school achievement. This misalignment between schools and markets is perceived by academics – and arguably by intellectuals in general – as morally unacceptable. To test this explanation, the article uses an online questionnaire with close to 1500 French academic respondents. The data resulting from this investigation lend support to Nozick’s hypothesis. },
  author = {Magni-Berton, Raul and Ríos, Diego},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0011392118812934},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Current Sociology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {856-878},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Why do academics oppose the market? A test of Nozick’s hypothesis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392118812934},
  volume = 67,
  year = 2019
}

@article{manea2019marriage,
  abstract = {Given the intensive political and economic transformation process, followed by demographic changes that has characterized the Czech Republic and Slovakia since 1989, we examine the variation in personal values and attitudes towards marriage, childbearing and single motherhood in these two countries. The main goal is to examine if the trends in values concerning marriage, childbearing and single motherhood observed between 1991 and 2017 were accompanied by similar demographic changes. Data from four waves of the European Value Study (EVS) are used, together with official vital demographic statistics. Our analysis shows that the correspondence between attitudinal survey-micro-data and aggregated (statistical) macro data is quite considerable and that there is a link/association between attitudes and behaviours.},
  author = {Manea, Beatrice-Elena Chromková and Rabušic, Ladislav},
  doi = {10.5817/SOC2019-2-25},
  journal = {Domů},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {25-50},
  study = {EVS1991 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Marriage, Childbearing and Single Motherhood: Trends in Attitudes and Behaviour in Czechia and Slovakia from 1991 to 2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5817/SOC2019-2-25},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{draca2020polarized,
  abstract = {Strong evidence has been emerging that major democracies have become more politically polarised, at least according to measures based on the ideological positions of political elites. We investigate whether the general public (`citizens') followed the same pattern. To this end, we propose a novel methodology to identify the underlying ideologies of citizens by applying Latent Dirichlet Allocation (an unsupervised machine learning algorithm) to political survey data. This approach indicates that in addition to a left-right scale, confidence in institutions defines another major ideological dimension. Using this framework, we are able to decompose the shift in ideological positions across the population over time and create measures of `citizen slant' and polarisation. Specifically, we find evidence of a `disappearing centre' in a sub-group of countries with citizens shifting away from centrist ideologies into anti-establishment `anarchist' ideologies over time. This trend is especially pronounced for the US.},
  author = {Draca, Mirko and Schwarz, Carlo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3154431},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {SSRN},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 10,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {How Polarized are Citizens? Measuring Ideology from the Ground-Up},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3154431},
  year = 2020
}

@article{halemba2019postreligijne,
  abstract = {In the northern part of the former GDR there are many church buildings that are renovated, well taken care of but serving small number of believers. Although retaining some religious functions, they are at the same time used by actors that define themselves as not religious. Using concepts of nonreligous and postreligious as analytical terms referring to specific kinds of relations between religious and secular fields, I analyze cases of three Protestant churches, within the context of Polish\-German relations in this region. I show that we should bring to a logical conclusion Talal Asad’s observation that religion is a historical category which is constantly redefined through its relationship with an equally mutable category of the secular.},
  author = {Halemba, Agnieszka},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.23858/EP63.2019.001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0071-1861},
  journal = {Etnografia Polska},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {5-22},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Postreligijne i niereligijne wykorzystanie budynków kościelnych na przygraniczu polsko-niemieckim (Postreligious and nonreligious use of church buildings in the Polish-German borderland)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.23858/EP63.2019.001},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2019
}

@article{jovanovic2020fellow,
  abstract = {The paper deals with the question of the dynamics of relations between the political power elite, the LGBT population and the Serbian Orthodox Church in the overall context of the Europeanization of Serbia. An insight is provided into the mechanism(s) through which the political elite in Serbia reproduces its dominant position. Serbian society is depicted as a captured one, and this is illustrated by empirical findings from a survey and in-depth interviews. This is followed by a focus on the political elite’s instrumentalization of the issue of sexual freedom in obtaining international support for maintenance of power through “tactical Europeanization”. After this the position of the Serbian Orthodox Church vis-à-vis the state and its alleged support for LGBT issues is considered. The Church seems to have “realized” that being silent on the LGBT issue is more profitable in a symbolic, as well as, in a material sense.},
  author = {Jovanović, Miloš and Krstić, Nemanja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10186},
  doi = {10.22190/FUPSPH2001027J},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4796 v1.1.0},
  journal = {Facta Universitatis},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {27-44},
  series = {Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology and History},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Fellow Travelers from Serbia: LGBT-identified Persons and the Church in the Process of Europeanization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPSPH2001027J},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2020
}

@article{meuleman2018differentiated,
  abstract = {In this article, we argue that an exclusive focus on the generalized aspect of prejudice limits understanding of the structure and genesis of prejudice towards particular outgroups. In order to conceptualize the specific nature of particular prejudices, we propose the differentiated threat approach. This framework postulates that different outgroups challenge diverse realistic and symbolic interests, and that these outgroup specific threats affect various socioeconomic strata and cultural groups differentially. The differentiated threat approach is applied to analyse majority-group Belgians’ attitudes towards immigrants, Muslims, Jews, and homosexuals. The results show that a common denominator of prejudice can be distinguished, but that the prejudices towards the various outgroups contain substantively relevant unique components that are influenced by socio-demographic and attitudinal predictors in diverging ways. Gender traditionalism is found to reinforce Homonegativity and temper Islamophobia at the same time. Feelings of relative deprivation are more strongly related to Islamophobia than to other forms of prejudice, and are unrelated to homonegativity. Religious involvement plays a more decisive role in the formation of anti-Semitism and Homonegativity than it does in the other forms of prejudice. Anti-immigration attitudes show a class gradient that is absent in attitudes towards other outgroups. Our results evidence that the concrete realization of attitudes towards a specific outgroup cannot be understood without paying attention to structural and contextual factors, such as social positions, the nature of intergroup relations, power balances, and elite discourses.},
  author = {Meuleman, Bart and Abts, Koen and Slootmaeckers, Koen and Meeusen, Cecil},
  doi = {10.1093/socpro/spy002},
  eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/socpro/article-pdf/66/2/222/28504495/spy002.pdf},
  issn = {0037-7791},
  journal = {Social Problems},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {222-244},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Differentiated Threat and the Genesis of Prejudice: Group-Specific Antecedents of Homonegativity, Islamophobia, Anti-Semitism, and Anti-Immigrant Attitudes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spy002},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2018
}

@mastersthesis{vandemond2019predicting,
  abstract = {As political science research in the last decade has been moving towards a culturalist paradigm, this research aims to find out whether or not cultural and individual variable types are able to predict people’s levels of political trust. To measure the cultures of European countries, Hofstede’s dimensions of culture are used. Individual variables that are used are: National pride, level of education and amount of interest in politics. Both individual and cultural variables are proven by research to explain parts of the variance behind people’s trust in their governments. Not in accordance with the recent research trends, it turned out that the individual variables were able to explain at least three times as much of the variance behind European people’s trust in their governments.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {van de Mond, Jesse},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 20,
  school = {Tilburg University},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Predicting political trust},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=149133},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{merkl2019comparing,
  abstract = {The acceptance of the legal and constitutional order as a source of legitimacy can be measured through polls about popular satisfaction with democracy. The rise of youthful rebellion and a counterculture in the 1960s, however ephemeral, was more of a fundamental challenge to the values on which legitimacy was founded in the advanced democracies even though there was never a serious attempt to overthrow, nor the likelihood of such an outcome. Actual measurements of protest, turmoil, and alienation are more relevant to legitimacy even though they may add together separate, unrelated incidents as easily as recording one unified rebellion. The willingness to fight, in any case, represents a much higher potential cost to the citizen—injury, illness, imprisonment by the enemy, death, and at least prolonged absence from home—than a mere statement of national pride. Democratic legitimacy seems a fragile vessel amid the praetorian waves of the participational revolution.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Merkl, Peter H.},
  booktitle = {Comparing Pluralist Democracies. Strains On Legitimacy},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791},
  doi = {10.4324/9780429036620-2},
  editor = {Dogan, Mattei},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {19-64},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1981},
  title = {Comparing Legitimacy and Values among Advanced Democratic Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036620-2},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{fluckiger2019roman,
  abstract = {We show that the creation of the first integrated pan-European transport network during Roman times influences economic integration over two millennia. Drawing on spatially highly disaggregated data on excavated Roman ceramics, we document that interregional trade was strongly influenced by connectivity within the network. Today, these connectivity differentials continue to influence cross-regional firm investment behaviour. Continuity is largely explained by selective infrastructure routing and cultural integration due to bilateral convergence in preferences and values. Both plausibly arise from network-induced history of repeated socio-economic interaction. We show that our results are Roman-connectivity specific and do not reflect pre-existing patterns of exchange.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Flückiger, Matthias and Hornung, Erik and Larch, Mario and Ludwig, Markus and Mees, Allard},
  copyright = {http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 13838,
  pages = 73,
  series = {CEPR Discussion Paper },
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Roman Transport Network Connectivity and Economic Integration},
  url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3428360},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{repke2019report,
  abstract = {As part of SERISS Task 3.1., a translation experiment was fielded in the CROss-National Online Survey (CRONOS) with the goal to compare two distinct questionnaire translation approaches: close translation and adaptation. 60 items were translated from English into Estonian and Slovene by three translation teams each. Respondents were randomly assigned to three different groups, all of which received distinct questionnaire versions of the same source questionnaire. This report summarizes the challenges encountered for analysing this experiment, the methods used for its analysis, and the selected empirical findings resulting from the two translation approaches.},
  address = {Mannheim},
  author = {Repke, Lydia and Dorer, Brita and Pettinicchi, Yuri and Sommer, Elena},
  institution = {GESIS-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 90,
  series = {Synergies for Europe’s Research Infrastructures in the Social Sciences (SERISS)},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Report on empirical findings from applying both translation methods},
  url = {https://seriss.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/SERISS-Deliverable-3.3-Translation-Experiment-Findings.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{evans2019prejudice,
  abstract = {Public attitudes toward immigrants in the UK, especially prejudice against them, form a strong theme in retrospective media postmortems emphasizing the uniqueness of Brexit, yet similarly hostile public opinion on immigrants forms a recurrent theme in populist politics in many European Union nations. Indeed, if UK residents are not uniquely hostile, then the UK's exit from the EU may be only the first symptom of proliferating conflicts over immigration that will plague EU nations in future years. A well-established symptom (or consequence) of prejudice—aversion to outgroups as a neighbors—shows that prejudice against immigrants, other races, Muslims, Hindus, Jews, and Gypsies are all relatively low in the UK. This is as expected from the general decline of prejudice and social distance with socioeconomic development, demonstrated here in broad perspective across many countries. Indeed, UK residents are about as prejudiced against each of these ethno-religious outgroups as are their peers in other advanced EU and English-speaking nations, and much less prejudiced than their peers in less prosperous countries. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the view that a single latent ethno-religious prejudice generates all these specific prejudices, so it is not specific experiences with any one of these groups, nor their specific attributes, that are the wellspring of this deep-seated underlying prejudice. Replication using other measures of prejudice and another cross-national dataset confirms these findings. Data are from the pooled World and European Values Surveys (over 450,000 individuals, 300 surveys, and 100 nations for this analysis) and from the well-known European Quality of Life surveys. Analysis is by descriptive, multilevel (random intercept, fixed effects), and structural equation methods.},
  author = {Evans, M. D. R. and Kelley, Jonathan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2019.00012},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {2297-7775},
  journal = {Frontiers in Sociology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Prejudice Against Immigrants Symptomizes a Larger Syndrome, Is Strongly Diminished by Socioeconomic Development, and the UK Is Not an Outlier: Insights From the WVS, EVS, and EQLS Surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/110.3389/fsoc.2019.00012},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{koniecznasalamatin2019european,
  abstract = {Poland has been a member of the European Union (EU) since 2004; however, the actual process of its integration with the EU began ten years earlier in 1994 when its membership application was filed. From the beginning, mentioning the economic and political benefits of EU accession has been accompanied by a discussion on European values. This axiological dimension of the EU has been gaining significance again due to the deepening of the political crisis within the EU itself and within its Member States. European values will be crucial in solving this crisis; these values include both the general perception of the EU and acceptance of the individual normative assumptions that form the basis of European integration, as well as the perception of the Polish situation in relation to Europe},
  address = {Warsaw},
  author = {Konieczna-Sałamatin, Joanna and Marody, Mirosława and Sawick, Maja},
  booktitle = {Our Europe: 15 Years of Poland in the European Union - Values, institutions, freedoms, sectoral policies, problems and key challenge},
  editor = {Kowalski, Przemysław and Golinowska, Stanisława and Błaszczyk, Barbara and Balcerowicz, Ewa and Cylwik, Andrzej},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {24-31},
  publisher = {CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {European values through Polish eyes},
  url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3586525},
  year = 2019
}

@article{kafkova2019environmental,
  abstract = {Environmentally oriented attitudes and values can be one of the sources of intergenerational tension or consent. Considering that climate change has become one of the major societal themes today, the issue of intergenerational tension or consent in approach to the environment is crucial. This issue could bring about a generational gap. Questions about intergenerational tensions bring us to age influence on environmental values. The influence of age on environmental values has been researched using the European Values Study (EVS) 1991 – 2017 in six countries. The cohort/age period effect is differentiated using cross-country comparison, comparison of age groups and cohorts. The results showed that the differences in environmental values are not affected by the cohort effect; age has only a weak influence. The period effect, the change in societies seems to be the major explaining factor. Great differences among European countries were found and this diversity is much higher than the effect of age.},
  author = {Kafková, Petrová},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {národopis / Slovak Ethnology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {201-215},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Environmental Attitudes in an Intergenerational Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/se-2019-0011},
  volume = 67,
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{savelyev2018social,
  abstract = {The dissertation elaborates a conceptual model of social inclusion, which is aimed to explain fundamental features and differences of contemporary modernization processes in Ukraine and other European countries and allows obtaining a more accurate comparative assessment of development of modern societies. Based on the theoretical grounds of the capability approach (Sen, 1999), the model of modernization and the spread of emancipation values (Welzel, 2003; Inglehart, 2010), the theory of civil sphere (Alexander, 2006) and social quality model (van der Maesen, Walker, 2005; Abbott, 2014), the study reveals the invariant characteristics of modern society and modernization process and demonstrates that the post-socialist societies in Eastern Europe, including Ukraine, are capable to follow a development path which is similar to the one of Western European countries. The dataset for analysis consists of integrated World Values Survey data (waves 3, 4, 5: WVS1994-1999, WVS1999-2004, WVS2005-2007) and European Values Survey data (waves 3, 4: EVS1999-2001, EVS2008-2010) with the matching questions, UN Development Program Human Development Index (1990-2014), World Bank (1996-2014) and International Monetary Fund (1990-2014) data, Competitivness Index (World Economic Forum 2007-2014). The research tests a modernization model (Welzel, 2003; Inglehart, 2010) and proves a latent shift from materialist to post-materialist emancipative values although this trend is obscured by adverse directions of intracohort values changes in many European societies. The linear decomposition analysis (Firebaugh 1989) showed that the socialization hypothesis on values change was true for both selected West European and East European post-socialist countries. The novelty of the presented study also comprises revealing the link of sociocultural dimensions of modernization (emancipative values and social inclusion) to the economic development of contemporary society. The author develops an original concept of modern social inclusion based on civic identity which opposes to archaic inclusion practices based on national-territorial identity. Prevalence of modern social inclusion is compared to its opposite form of archaic inclusion among the population of Ukraine as well as in other European countries. The analysis shows that in the contemporary Ukraine archaic elements outweigh the modern ones which jeopardizes the modernization process in general. Since social inclusion is inextricably linked to national identity, one can conclude that the spread of modern social inclusion is possible only in the case of development of civic nation but not ethnic. Thus, the study resolves the contradiction between integrationist and participatory responses to the challenges of the late modernity (Benhabib, 1992) and might indicate the inclusive foundations for solidarity, mutual recognition and strengthening social integration in contemporary heterogeneous societies. The proposed conceptual model of social inclusion contributes into optimization of existing theoretical and methodological approaches to the comparison of various forms of modernity, the assessment of development of societies in the global world system and the current research on institutional and sociocultural dimensions of modernization of Ukrainian society. This model reveals inclusive features of modernization of European societies and suggests overcoming the limitations of existing international comparative indexes and estimating the prospects and obstacles of Ukraine's development on the path of European integration. },
  author = {Savelyev, Yu},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3423957},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  pages = 39,
  school = {Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Faculty of Sociology},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Соціальне включення як вимір модернізації європейських суспільств (Social Inclusion as Dimension of Modernization of European Societies)},
  year = 2018
}

@techreport{boranbay2019endogenous,
  abstract = {The paper provides a formal framework identifying both the origins and interaction of a culture of cooperation and inclusive political institutions. When elite members and citizens try to cooperate in sharing consumption risk and joint investment, the elite enacts democracy to convince the citizens that a sufficient part of the investment return will be shared via public spending and thus, they should cooperate. In addition, cultural accumulation rises with the severity of consumption risk at its moderate values and then drops at its high values making cheating too appealing. Finally, the citizens may over-accumulate culture to credibly commit to cooperating in investment at its intermediate values threatening democracy. These predictions are consistent with novel data on 90 European historical regions spanning the 1000-1600 period. Reforms towards tighter constraints on the elite's power were driven by the potential for Mediterranean trades. Moreover, the activity of both the Cistercians and the Franciscans, our proxy for the citizens' culture, has an inverted U-shaped link with the temperature volatility. Finally, the shift of long-distance trades towards the Atlantic fostered the Franciscans' spread in the Mediterranean, where they organized micro-credit activities reinforcing the citizenry-elite partnerships.},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Boranbay, Serra and Guerriero, Carmine},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2103601},
  institution = {Amsterdam Center for Law & Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2012-04},
  pages = 53,
  series = {Working Paper},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Endogenous (In)Formal Institutions},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2103601},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{mahdi2020oxcovid19,
  abstract = {Oxford COVID-19 Database (OxCOVID19 Database) is a comprehensive source of information related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This relational database contains time-series data on epidemiology, government responses, mobility, weather and more across time and space for all countries at the national level, and for more than 50 countries at the regional level. It is curated from a variety of (wherever available) official sources. Its purpose is to facilitate the analysis of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus and to assess the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the impact of the pandemic. Our database is a freely available, daily updated tool that provides unified and granular information across geographical regions.},
  author = {Mahdi, Adam and Blaszczyk, Piotr and Dlotko, Pawel and Salvi, Dario and Chan, Tak-Shing T. and Harvey, John and Gurnari, Davide and Wu, Yue and Farhat, Ahmad and Hellmer, Niklas and Zarebski, Alexander E. and Hogan, Bernie and Tarassenko, Lionel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1101/2020.08.18.20177147},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2008},
  title = {OxCOVID19 Database: a multimodal data repository for better understanding the global impact of COVID-19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.18.20177147},
  year = 2020
}

@article{lettinga2021environmental,
  abstract = {Environmental adversity is associated with a wide range of biological outcomes and behaviors that seem to fulfill a need to favor immediate over long-term benefits. Adversity is also associated with decreased investment in cooperation, which is defined as a long-term strategy. Beyond establishing the correlation between adversity and cooperation, the channel through which this relationship arises remains unclear. We propose that this relationship is mediated by a present bias at the psychological level, which is embodied in the reproduction-maintenance trade-off at the biological level. We report two pre-registered studies applying structural equation models to test this relationship on large-scale datasets (the European Values Study and the World Values Survey). The present study replicates existing research linking adverse environments (both in childhood and in adulthood) with decreased investment in adult cooperation and finds that this association is indeed mediated by variations in individuals’ reproduction-maintenance trade-off.},
  author = {Lettinga, N. and Jacquet, P. O. and André, J-B. and Baumand, N. and Chevallier, C.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0236715},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Environmental adversity is associated with lower investment in collective actions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236715},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2021
}

@book{purhonen2019enter,
  abstract = {Key debates of contemporary cultural sociology – the rise of the ‘cultural omnivore’, the fate of classical ‘highbrow’ culture, the popularization, commercialization and globalization of culture – deal with temporal changes. Yet, systematic research about these processes is scarce due to the lack of suitable longitudinal data. This book explores these questions through the lens of a crucial institution of cultural mediation – the culture sections in quality European newspapers – from 1960 to 2010. Starting from the framework of cultural stratification and employing systematic content analysis both quantitative and qualitative of more than 13,000 newspaper articles, Enter Culture, Exit Arts? presents a synthetic yet empirically rich and detailed account of cultural transformation in Europe over the last five decades. It shows how classifications and hierarchies of culture have changed in course of the process towards increased cultural heterogeneity. Furthermore, it conceptualizes the key trends of rising popular culture and declining highbrow arts as two simultaneous processes: the one of legitimization of popular culture and the other of popularization of traditional legitimate culture, both important for the loosening of the boundary between ‘highbrow’ and ‘popular’. Through careful comparative analysis and illustrative snapshots into the specific socio-historical contexts in which the newspapers and their representations of culture are embedded – in Finland, France, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the UK – the book reveals the key patterns and diversity of European variations in the transformation of cultural hierarchies since the 1960s. The book is a collective endeavour of a large-scale international research project active between 2013 and 2018.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Purhonen, Semi and Heikkilä, Riie and Karademir Hazir, Irmak and Lauronen, Tina and Fernández Rodríguez, Carlos J. and Gronow, Jukka},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.4324/9781315183404},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9781138740556},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {CRESC},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Enter Culture, Exit Arts? The Transformation of Cultural Hierarchies in European Newspaper Culture Sections, 1960–2010},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315183404},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{hammar2019culture,
  abstract = {In this study, I analyze the relationship between individualism and preferences for income redistribution and equality, using variation in immigrants’ countries of origin to capture the impact of cultural beliefs on individual preferences. Using global survey data for a large number of individuals and countries around the world, I find strong support for the hypothesis that coming from a more individualistic culture is negatively and significantly associated with an individual’s preferences for redistribution. The results are confirmed using a variety of robustness checks, including matching estimators and the grammatical rule of a pronoun drop as an instrumental variable. Cultural assimilation analysis, however, indicates that the impact of the cultural origin weakens off with time spent in the new country, and that the culture of origin has no statistically significant effect on an individual’s current preferences for redistribution if migration took place before the age of 10. },
  author = {Hammar, Olle},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 40,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Culture , Individualism and Preferences for Redistribution},
  url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/868c/1c037b269ee456f8bbeedbec51bd13affbad.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{skokic2019participation,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Škokić, Petra},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 63,
  school = {Central European University, School of Public Policy},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Participation in civil society: exploration of the characteristics of right-wing civil society participants in Europe},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://www.etd.ceu.edu/2019/skokic_petra.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{gergely2019szekularizci,
  abstract = {Sociology of religion has described and explained the religious change of the modern world for a long time with the notion of secularization, while the newer theories are mostly defining themselves against secularization. The current paper follows three objectives: a description of the concept of secularization that is by far not uniformly interpreted; a brief presentation of the most important alternatives to secularization in the sociology of religion; the presentation of certain selected results of the empirical study of religion and their interpretation along the presented theories. The empirical analysis is based on the results of international comparative surveys.},
  author = {Gergely, Rosta},
  doi = {10.1556/2065.180.2019.6.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  journal = {Magyar Tudomány},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 6,
  pages = {792-803},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Szekularizáció? Deszekularizáció? Merre tart a vallási változás a világban? / Secularization? Desecularization? Where Is Religious Change in the World Heading to?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.180.2019.6.2},
  volume = 180,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{sechel2019happier,
  abstract = {This paper proposes the use of headcount-based indicators for the measurement of national Subjective Well-Being (SWB). It provides a methodological contribution to the challenge of threshold selection for headcount measures using Cognitive Dissonance Theory operationalised using life satisfaction data from World/Eurpean Values Surveys. A Beta- regression approach is employed to explore the empirical relationships between national SWB and objective measures of well-being contributing to the empirical literature on social indicators. The use of this model is novel in this context. The findings reveal relationships between objective measures of development and SWB that are not apparent when average national SWB is used. For example, I find no significant link between national income and the share of satisfied individuals.},
  address = {Sheffield },
  author = {Sechel, Cristina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  institution = {Unversity of Sheffield, Department of Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 2019008,
  pages = 43,
  series = {Sheffield Economic Research Paper Series (SERPS)},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Happier than them, but more of them are happy: Aggregating subjective well-being},
  url = {https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.840769!/file/paper_2019008.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{capello2019competitiveness,
  abstract = {In the last 10 years, the European Union has devoted specific attention and resources to the establishment of macro-regional strategies, with the objective of joining together transnational areas to favour the effective and organized management of common challenges. In most macro-regions, however, the identification of strategies to increase competitiveness is a rather difficult task, given the extreme internal diversity in economic activities. Focusing on the youngest macro-regional strategy – EUSALP – this paper highlights the specific combinations of territorial growth assets that allow to overcome the inefficient use of local abundant strategic resources, in line with a ‘balanced development’ approach. The results, obtained on the basis of a database gathered at NUTS3 level, are useful to provide policy suggestions to support the competitiveness of EUSALP through synergies and complementarities, according to a cooperation networks perspective. },
  author = {Capello, Roberta and Cerisola, Silvia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/09654313.2019.1588860},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1588860},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {European Planning Studies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1013-1034},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Competitiveness through integration in the European Union Strategy for the Alpine Region: a ‘balanced development’ approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1588860},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2019
}

@article{nn2013spiel,
  author = {NN},
  journal = {wuz.by},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Игра «Внутреннее гражданство» - интересный тест на определение гражданства / Das Spiel "Internal Citizenship" - ein interessanter Test zur Feststellung der Staatsbürgerschaft},
  url = {http://wuz.by/stati/interesno/igra-vnutrennee-grazhdanstvo-interesnyi-test-na-opredelenie.html},
  year = 2013
}

@article{nn2019sterreichern,
  author = {NN},
  journal = {Tiroler Tageszeitung},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Österreichern werden Freunde und Freizeit wichtiger, Religion nicht},
  url = {https://www.tt.com/lebensart/freizeit/15864468/oesterreichern-werden-freunde-und-freizeit-wichtiger-religion-nicht},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{borkowski2020europejska,
  abstract = {At the beginning of 2019, the EU faced substantial but defi ned challenges: Brexit, new leadership after the elections to the new Parliament, confronting the growing rift between the two sides of the Atlantic. There was tension associated with predictions of a major victory for Eurosceptic parties, which would enable them to paralyze the European Parliament. As the year progressed, distrust became gradually the central and major factor defi ning political decisions. This article provides insight into various dimensions of this unfavourable situation that makes the EU not a good place to live: growing impatience with the United Kingdom, mistrust undermining the Atlantic community, a widening Franco-German split. The last part sums up the fi fteen years of Polish membership in the EU, emphasizing also the lack of basic trust as the dominating factor in the relations since 2015. },
  address = {Warschau},
  author = {Borkowski, Pawel},
  booktitle = {Rocznik Strategiczny 2019/2020},
  editor = {Kuźniar, Roman},
  isbn = {978-83-66470-32-3},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {177-202},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Unia Europejska: Czas deficytu zaufania (The European Union: A deficit of trust)},
  url = {https://wnpism.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Unia-Europejska.pdf},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{pinto2020educacao,
  abstract = {The religious education in the Portuguese public schools is a complex matter which, since the first quarter of the 19th century, has been open to discussions about its pertinence in the public school system. Despite these discussions, and with the exception of the Republican regime, the teaching of moral and religious education remained a right and responsibility of the Catholic Church. However, from the 25th April 1974 on, there were a number of changes that led to a reconfiguration of the religious field, which consequently had implications for the programs and for the teaching of moral and religious education, with particular reference to the progressive detraditionalization, the increase of individualization, the resurgence and revitalization of new religious movements and the increase of religious diversity. Furthermore, the disappearance of the compulsory attendance of this course in favour of the current optional status has led to a progressive decrease in the number of students. In view of this situation, the course's programmes prove to be a clash point between an attempt to adapt to the national religious scene and their effectiveness according to teachers' experience. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to understand, through a qualitative methodology, the representations that teachers of Catholic Moral and Religious Education in public schools in the municipality of Porto have about the current program of the course. Through interviews and document analysis of the EMRC programs of 2007 and 2014, it was possible to demonstrate that these programs - still very religious - are inconsistent with the trends of the national religious panorama. Nonetheless, both the program and the educators prove to be part of a process of organizational secularization},
  address = {Porto},
  author = {Pinto, Tiago Miguel Costa Nunes},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10154},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4757 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  school = {Universidade do Porto},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {A Educação Moral e Religiosa num país em processo de descatolicização: As representações programáticas dos professores de Educação Moral e Religiosa Católica nas escolas públicas do concelho do Porto},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128615},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{sociologickyustavakademievedcrvvi2019dudov,
  address = {Prag},
  editor = {{Sociologický ústav Akademie věd ČR, v.v.i.}},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Dudová a Hašková: „Jednodětné rodiny nejsou moderním fenoménem a rodiče jedináčků zpravidla nejsou pohodlní sobci“},
  url = {https://www.soc.cas.cz/aktualita/dudova-haskova-jednodetne-rodiny-nejsou-modernim-fenomenem-rodice-jedinacku-zpravidla},
  year = 2019
}

@article{uunk2019effect,
  abstract = {Despite considerable variation in gender-role attitudes across contexts and its claimed influence on female labour supply, studies provide little support for a contextual gender-role attitude effect. In this study, we reassess the contextual gender-role attitude effect on female labour supply because earlier studies are hampered by two shortcomings: (a) they are cross-nationally comparative, which makes it difficult to distinguish contextual attitude from institutional effects; (b) they are cross-sectional, which may bias the contextual attitude effect. We aim to overcome these shortcomings by performing longitudinal panel analyses on data from the British Household Panel Survey 1991–2007, comparing 138 counties within the United Kingdom. Our fixed-effects regressions report no significant and substantial association of regional, egalitarian gender-role attitudes with individual women’s labour supply, a finding which both holds for women’s probability to be active in the labour market and employed women’s working hours, and for women with and without (young) children. Female labour supply appears to be much stronger associated with women’s own and partners’ gender-role attitudes, in particular for women with (young) children.},
  author = {Uunk, Wilfred and Lersch, Philipp M},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcz026},
  eprint = {http://oup.prod.sis.lan/esr/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/esr/jcz026/28756550/jcz026.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0266-7215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {The Effect of Regional Gender-Role Attitudes on Female Labour Supply: A Longitudinal Test Using the BHPS, 1991–2007},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz026},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{vandor2020nonprofit,
  abstract = {Over the last three decades, the nonprofit sector in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has witnessed profound growth and has undergone a remarkable development. This chapter provides a brief historical overview of this dynamic region, focusing on the process of EU accession and the establishment of legal frameworks for nonprofits after the regime changes of 1989/90. It also presents an outline of the status quo of the nonprofit sector in CEE, analyzing its composition, economic relevance, funding structure and institutional environments. In spite of the heterogeneity of the region, we can observe some patterns shared across countries, in particular with respect to their institutional environments. These are often dominated by foreign donor institutions, the EU and national governments. We find that the way these institutions influence the nonprofit sector varies strongly depending on whether a country is an EU member state or not. At the same time, the institutional environments are changing at fast pace, with recent years seeing the withdrawal of international donors, increasingly hostile public discourses and authoritarian tendencies in some countries. In spite of such challenges, our review suggests that nonprofit organizations have become and will likely remain important promoters of social services, advocacy, culture and civic participation in the region.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Vandor, Peter and Moder, Clara and Neumayr, Michaela},
  booktitle = {The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.4324/9781315181011-5},
  editor = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9781138744462},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {44-59},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Nonprofit Management Context. Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315181011-5},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{kurowska2019poland,
  abstract = {The statutory right to a paid Maternity Leave was introduced in communist Poland in 1975. The 16 weeks of leave it initially guaranteed came in just above western standards.² From the start, the leave was fully paid, covering 100 per cent of eligible employees’ previous (basic) earnings. During the first decade of Poland’s political and economic transformation the length of paid Maternity Leave was not changed, as other socio-economic issues dominated the political agenda. It was extended to 20 weeks by a right-wing government in 2000, and to 26 weeks in 2001. However, a social democratic government assumed power later.},
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Kurowska, Anna},
  booktitle = {Parental Leave and Beyond: Recent International Developments, Current Issues and Future Directions},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.2307/j.ctvfrxngh.9},
  editor = {Moss, Peter and Duvander, Ann-Zofie and Koslowski, Alison},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {39-54},
  publisher = {Bristol University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Poland: leave policy and the process and goals of a major reform1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvfrxngh.9},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{jonsson2020relative,
  abstract = {Many global environmental problems can be understood as collective action dilemmas which ultimately requires cooperation in order for them to be resolved. Due to certain stressors associated with large-scale collective action for the environment it is unlikely that cooperation will occur. However, in large-scale dilemmas, where involved actors typically have no abilities to communicate or to sanction defective behaviour, trust has been found to facilitate cooperation. But most of these findings stem from research carried out in contexts where societal trust is high. Because of substantial variation in trust-levels among countries there is reason to question whether the relationship also hold in contexts where societal trust is low. A theoretical framework recognizing trust both as a societal feature and an individual trait is elaborated in order to test how generalized social trust and political-institutional trust affect first- and second-order cooperation. Using survey data from European Values Study, results from multilevel analyses show that generalized social trust is positively linked to both first- and second-order cooperation, whereas political-institutional trust only is linked to second-order cooperation. However, putting trust-context under scrutiny reveals that generalized social trust and political-institutional trust are only linked to cooperation in high-trust countries. In lowtrust countries, neither generalized social trust nor political-institutional trust helps to explain cooperation for the environment. As such, this thesis sheds some new light upon the role of trust in large-scale collective action dilemmas, and deepens our understanding as to how trust influence individual propensity to cooperate for the environment.},
  address = {Gotenburg},
  author = {Jönsson, Erik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 67,
  school = {Göteborgs University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The relative relevance of trust: Revisiting the relationship between trust and cooperation for the environment in large-scale collective action dilemmas},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2077/64877},
  year = 2020
}

@article{dominique2019trois,
  abstract = {Cet article revient d'abord sur l'histoire longue du concept de travail, en montrant comment la notion de travail s'est enrichie de nouvelles significations au cours des siècles. Il analyse ensuite l'importance que les Européens accordent au travail et s'attache à décrire les conséquences sur le travail et l'emploi du discours actuellement en vogue, selon lequel la révolution technologique en cours serait porteuse de transformations radicales. Le document examine ensuite l'avenir du travail dans les décennies à venir à la lumière de trois grands scénarios qui sont en concurrence. Les conséquences du premier scénario, intitulé « démantèlement du droit du travail » sont examinées. La validité du deuxième scénario, le scénario de la « révolution technologique » qui annonce la fin de l'emploi due à l'automatisation est ensuite interrogée. Le troisième scénario – celui de la reconversion écologique – qui semble à la fois le plus apte à répondre aux défis écologiques auxquels nos sociétés doivent faire face et à satisfaire les immenses attentes qui sont placées sur le travail et l'emploi est ensuite discuté et ses conditions de possibilité examinées.},
  author = {Dominique, Méda},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/ilrf.12128},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ilrf.12128},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Revue internationale du Travail},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {689-716},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Trois scénarios pour l'avenir du travail},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ilrf.12128},
  volume = 148,
  year = 2019
}

@article{nunezmietz2019resisting,
  abstract = {Contributing to the literature on norm resistance and backlash, this article explores the phenomenon of norm immunization, that is, the creation of legal barriers by a state with the purpose of fending off a transnationally diffusing norm by blocking its local advocacy. How do norm immunizations occur? What conditions facilitate or hinder this process? Focused on the area of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights, the article’s main argument is that a state’s immunization against these rights is undertaken through the securitization of nontraditional sexual orientations and gender identities. The article applies the theorized securitization mechanism to the (attempted) immunization against LGBT rights in Russia and Hungary in the last decade and identifies the relevant differences between the two cases to inductively sketch a general explanation of the success and failure of norm immunization attempts. },
  author = {Nuñez-Mietz, Fernando G.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/14754835.2019.1647100},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Human Rights},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {543-563},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Resisting human rights through securitization: Russia and Hungary against LGBT rights},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2019.1647100},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2019
}

@article{voicu2021european,
  abstract = {The study of European Identity has gradually become central to social sciences in the past decades.The enlargement of the European Union, as well as the economic crises from a decade ago called into question the very idea of Europe as a polity, the legitimacy of the European project and the homogeneity of the European culture. Although many analyses study European Identity, most research focuses on the definition and measurement of European Identity within the EU member states. Due to the interest in European Identity within EU borders on the one hand, and the lack of comparable data on the other, the European Identity of all Europeans is rarely explored. To address this gap, we investigate the common understanding of Europeanness among those living in Europe.We define European Identity as ethnic/cultural identity as opposed to civic identity and analyse the measurement equivalence of the scale tapping European ethnic/cultural identity fielded by European Values Survey in 2017 in 30 European countries. The results point out to a common understanding of Europeanness among those living in Europe, in ethnic terms, not in cultural ones. Methodologically, the analyses proved that the scale is suitable for cross-national comparisons among countries, but the comparability should be refrained to comparing means of the scale across countries. The mode of data collection does not impact on the comparability of the scale in four of the six countries that used mixed modes of data collection.},
  author = {Voicu, Malina and Ramia, Ioana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-020-02541-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {815-834},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {European Identity: An Analysis of Measurement Equivalence Across Countries and Mode of Data Collection in the European Values Survey 2017/2018},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02541-2},
  volume = 154,
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{lichard2020women,
  abstract = {In this paper we ask how the division of household labor varies across heterosexual dual-earner couples with different relative wages with a focus on differences between Southern and Western Europe. Using the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions we first show that high income married or cohabiting women do twice as much housework as single women in Southern Europe. Further, their time spent in household production relative to their spouses’ time in Southern Europe is the same regardless of their relative wages, while in Western Europe we find positive elasticity of substitution in household production with respect to relative wages. We thus present positive evidence for the presence of a “second-shift” that women face in Southern Europe, which may stem from regional gender norms. Our findings hold after instrumenting for relative wages using the relative wages of similar socio-economic groups in other countries.},
  address = {Prag},
  author = {Lichard, Tomáš and Pertold, Filip and Škoda, Samuel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {CERGE-EI},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 662,
  series = {Working Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Do Women Face a Glass Ceiling at Home? The Division of Household Labor among Dual-Earner Couples},
  url = {http://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp662.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{hook2020national,
  abstract = {Although researchers generally agree that national family policies play a role in shaping mothers’ employment, there is considerable debate about whether, how, and why policy effects vary across country contexts and within countries by mothers’ educational attainment. We hypothesize that family policies interact with national levels of earnings inequality to differentially affect mothers’ employment outcomes by educational attainment. We develop hypotheses about the two most commonly studied family policies—early childhood education and care (ECEC) and paid parental leave. We test these hypotheses by establishing a novel linkage between the EU-Labour Force Survey and the Current Population Survey 1999 to 2016 (n = 23 countries, 299 country-years, 1.2 million mothers of young children), combined with an original collection of country-year indicators. Using multilevel models, we find that ECEC spending is associated with a greater likelihood of maternal employment, but the association is strongest for non-college-educated mothers in high-inequality settings. The length of paid parental leave over six months is generally associated with a lower likelihood of maternal employment, but the association is most pronounced for mothers in high-inequality settings. We call for greater attention to the role of earnings inequality in shaping mothers’ employment and conditioning policy effects.},
  author = {Hook, Jennifer L. and Paek, Eunjeong},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1177/0003122420922505},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {American Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {381-416},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017 ; EU-LFS},
  title = {National Family Policies and Mothers’ Employment: How Earnings Inequality Shapes Policy Effects across and within Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122420922505},
  volume = 85,
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{gao2019trust,
  address = {Bremen},
  author = {Gao, Lin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Universität Bremen},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Trust and Development: The Deep Structure of Institutions-Building and Socio-Economic Performance},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-00108594-12},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{nowack2020values,
  abstract = {Shared values are deemed necessary as a solid foundation for social cohesion by commentators and observers in many countries. However, when examining what kind of values this is based on, answers often come down to platitudes and national clichés. This discussion paper offers some clarification through both a theoretical explication and an empirical exploration concerning the general role of values for social cohesion. Values are notions about desirable, trans-situational end-states and behaviours. They fall into two categories, individual and societal values. We provide a critical discussion of the most prominent conceptualisations and their operationalisation in the social sciences. Values affect social cohesion in three possible pathways: First, when they are shared; second, when they promote behaviour per se conducive to social cohesion and third, through their effect on policy choice and institutional design. We review evidence provided by the research literature for each of these pathways. We further explore the third pathway by deriving from the research literature the conjecture that a cultural value emphasis on egalitarianism makes a universalistic scope of welfare institutions more likely, which in turn increases social and political trust. We first examine this conjecture with a series of regression models, and then run a mediation analysis. The results show that (1.) egalitarian values are moderately strongly and positively linked to universalistic welfare institutions, but that (2.) welfare institutions mediate the association of egalitarian values with social trust only to a small extent and that (3.) more universalistic welfare institutions counteract a negative association between egalitarian values and institutional trust.},
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {Nowack, Daniel and Schoderer, Sophia},
  doi = {10.23661/dp6.2020},
  institution = {Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik},
  isbn = {978-3-96021-117-4},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {6/2020},
  series = {Discussion Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The role of values for social cohesion: theoretical explication and empirical exploration},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.23661/dp6.2020},
  year = 2020
}

@article{buss2019public,
  abstract = {Increasing wage inequality, strong labour market divides and welfare retrenchment are widely believed to result in more polarised public opinion towards the welfare state. The present study examined if attitudes towards workfare policies have become more polarised in Europe over recent decades. To achieve this aim, the study analysed public opinion data from the European Value Study (EVS) from 23 European countries in the years 1990–2008, using multi-level regression analysis. It is found that individuals who are most affected by workfare – the unemployed, the poor and the young – most strongly oppose workfare concepts. Against expectations, there was no evidence of an increasing polarisation of attitudes in Europe. Attitudinal cleavages based on employment status, income and education have remained stable. Differences between age groups have even dissolved because younger cohorts increasingly favour strict workfare policies. The results suggest that warnings of increasing social conflicts and an erosion of solidarity in European societies are exaggerated.},
  author = {Buss, Christopher},
  data-doi = {0.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/ijsw.12368},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ijsw.12368},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Welfare},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {431-441},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Public opinion towards workfare policies in Europe: Polarisation of attitudes in times of austerity?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12368},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2019
}

@article{cevik2019lkelerinde,
  abstract = {The paper studies the differences in attitudes toward the role of the state among the countries and addresses empirically determinants of personal preferences on redistribution and public ownership of firms in Central Asia Countries and Turkey. In the study, we employed the data by World Value Survey (WVS) and European Value Survey (EVS). The comparison at country level indicates that pro-government preferences increase in the most of the countries by the time. Another fact is that the average of individualistic/collectivist attitudes is correlated with the per capita income level of countries. Attitudes favor of redistribution are positively correlated with per capita GDP, while attitudes favor public ownership and government responsibility are negatively correlated with it. Moreover, the homogeneity of citizens’ views in a country is positively associated with the country’s income level. We analyzed the individual-level determinants of the preferences on redistribution and ownership in Central Asian Countries and Turkey by both the country-level samples and a combined sample of mentioned countries. Results reveal the evidences on significance of income level, subjective wellbeing (happiness and life satisfaction), generalized trust, confidence on government and private sector firms, political views and religiousness in order to determine the preferences on redistribution and ownership, along with demographic characteristics such as gender, age. However, the significance and magnitude of coefficients vary to country sample.},
  author = {Çevik, Savaş},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9104},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Bilig},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 91,
  pages = {81-112},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Orta Asya Ülkelerinde ve Türkiye’de Devletin Rolüne İlişkin Tutumlar (Attitudes toward the Role of Government in Central Asian Countries and Turkey)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9104},
  year = 2019
}

@article{fuchsschundeln2020cultural,
  abstract = {Relying on the epidemiological approach, we show that culture is a significant driver of household saving behavior. Second-generation immigrants from countries that put strong emphasis on thrift or wealth accumulation tend to save more in Germany. We confirm these results in data from the United Kingdom. By linking parents to their children, we show that these two cultural components affect the saving behavior of both first-generation immigrants and their children.},
  author = {Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola and Masella, Paolo and Paule-Paludkiewicz, Hannah},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1111/jmcb.12659},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Money, Credit and Banking},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1035-1070},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cultural Determinants of Household Saving Behavior},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12659},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{rosta2020hungary,
  abstract = {The religious change in Hungary since 1990 is characterized by a dual process. After a short period of general strengthening of religion, which was already observed in the 1980s, the church-related religiosity began to slowly but steadily decline. In parallel, there was a further increase in the dimension of faith and some other individual forms of religiosity. For a long time, studies from 2008 (EVS, ISSP) were the latest sources of empirical evidence for these processes. However, a number of representative surveys have been conducted in the past year, using a separate religious block to study religion along several dimensions in Hungary (EVS 2017/18, ``Religious Change in Hungary'' project). In the light of the results of these recent studies, the paper seeks to answer the question of how trends and mechanisms of religious change continued in Hungary after 2010. According the results of the empirical analysis, certain trends did not change. The proportion of denominational membership continued to decline, while the proportion of believers in certain Christian and non-Christian doctrines increased. At the same time, other trends have stopped, or even seem to be reversing. This includes the proportion of believers in God, which has declined very little compared to previous growth, and the proportion of regular churchgoers, which in turn has increased slightly. Besides ongoing secularization and religious individualization processes, the socio-political changes that have characterized Hungary over the past decade may have affected the development of religiosity, too.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Rosta, Gergely},
  booktitle = {Religiosity in East and West: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges from Global and Local Perspectives},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-31035-6_6},
  editor = {Demmrich, Sarah and Riegel, Ulrich},
  isbn = {978-3-658-31035-6},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {99-117},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  series = {Veröffentlichungen der Sektion Religionssoziologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Hungary - Continuing and Changing Trends and Mechanisms of Religious Change},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31035-6_6},
  year = 2020
}

@article{imaz2020desierto,
  abstract = {El texto pretende, en un primer momento, ofrecer, con la ayuda de dos acreditados organismo de investigación, el European Values Study en su última oleada de 2008-2010 (con algunos añadidos de la oleada de 2018 en Francia y España), así como con el Pew Rechearch Center en su estudio "Being Christian in Western Europa" (mayo de 2018, con campo de 2017) la situación socio-religiosa de Europa occidental, con especial incidencia en los que se posicionan como "no religiosos", indiferentes, agnósticos y ateos. Después aporta unos elementos de contextualización de la situación actual y concluye el texto con unos elementos de prospectiva con cuatro modelos posibles de respuestas eclesial al desierto religioso en Europa Occidental.},
  author = {Imaz, Javier Elzo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Sal terrae: Revista de teología pastoral},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1253,
  pages = {199-214},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {El desierto religioso en Europa occicental},
  url = {https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7278330},
  volume = 108,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{radu2020place,
  abstract = {This chapter, by Bogdan Mihai Radu, examines Romania, a postcommunist country with a dominant Orthodox religious tradition. It analyzes the trajectory of religious actors in Romania after the breakdown of communism in 1989, focusing on two interconnected issues. First, the chapter explores the ways in which churches in Romania perceive themselves and their missions: what are their roles, what values do they promote, and how do they contribute to the welfare of the society? Second, based on survey data, it investigates how the population sees the place and role of religious actors in contemporary Romania.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Radu, Bogdan Mihai},
  booktitle = {Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare: Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Eastern Europe},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-44707-6_4},
  editor = {Glatzer, Miguel and Manuel, Paul Christopher},
  isbn = {978-3-030-44707-6},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {59-79},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  series = {Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Place of the Church in the Romanian Public Sphere: From Charitable Entrepreneur to Political Agent},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44707-6_4},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{sinner2018contract,
  address = {London},
  author = {Sinner, Gideon},
  booktitle = {Trust: the Truth?},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {{{Ipsos MORI}}},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {71-82},
  publisher = {Ipsos MORI},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS2008},
  title = {A contract under strain – trust in government and politics},
  url = {https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/publication/documents/2019-09/ipsos-thinks-trust-the-truth.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@techreport{brechon2020franais,
  abstract = {Contrairement à ce que beaucoup d'observateurs croient, les Français ne sont pas de plus en plus individualistes mais au contraire, les formes de solidarité son plutôt en développement. L'article s'appuie sur les données de l'enquête sur les valeurs des Français et des Européens. Il montre aussi que les personnes qui font confiance aux autres et qui sont impliquées dans la société tendant aussi à être plus solidaires. On observe aussi une montée du bénévolat et du montant des dons aux associations.},
  address = {Villeurbanne},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  institution = {Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro french techreport},
  language = {french},
  pages = 5,
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Des Français beaucoup plus solidaires qu'on ne le croit},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02467071/document},
  year = 2020
}

@article{kolczynska2020democratic,
  abstract = {This article examines the links between education, democratic values, and political trust. Research on education systems as carriers of modern orientations and democratic values worldwide predicts that educated individuals will exhibit more democratic values than less educated ones, regardless of the country’s level of democracy. In the political culture approach, political trust can be understood as a reflection of the congruence or incongruence between individual democratic values and the level of democracy of the political system, which emphasizes trust’s relational character. Integrating these strands of literature, I formulate hypotheses about the mediating effect of democratic values between education and political trust. To test these hypotheses, I employ multilevel models of data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study covering 73 countries. The results show that democratic values partially mediate the effect of education on political trust, but the magnitude of this effect depends on the level of democracy. Analyses also show that, while education is positively associated with democratic values regardless of the country’s level of democracy, this association is much stronger in democratic countries than in non-democratic ones. },
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0020715220909881},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715220909881},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {3-26},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Democratic values, education, and political trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715220909881},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2020
}

@article{krasteva2020postcommunism,
  abstract = {The analysis starts from a key question: how many transformations did post-communism, which came as a promise and project for one transformation, actually carry out? This article is a conceptual, not an event narrative about the transformations of democratization. Its theoretical ambition is threefold. The first aim is to develop a new analytical model for the study of transformations based on the concept of ‘symbolic-ideological hegemony’ and a matrix of two pairs of indicators. The first pair reflects the intentionality of the change and examines the (non-)existence of an explicitly formulated political project as well as its (self-)designation by elites and citizens. The second pair of indicators concerns agency and covers the supply side and the demand side, the perspective and role of elites, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the perspective and role of citizens. The other ambitions of the study are to identify the key transformations in Bulgaria’s three-decade-long post-communist development – a democratic, a (national) populist, and a post-democratic one, and to analyze them in a comparative perspective.},
  author = {Krasteva, Anna and Todorov, Antony},
  doi = {10.30965/18763332-04402004},
  issn = {0094-4467},
  journal = {Southeastern Europe},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {177-207},
  study = {EVS2008 , EVS2017},
  title = {From Post-Communism to Post-Democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.30965/18763332-04402004},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2020
}

@article{perezvalls2019organizational,
  abstract = {In this article, we analyze the relationship between the main dimensions of organizational structure (i.e., formalization, centralization, and complexity) and ecological responsiveness in a sample of 109 firms in the European air passenger transport industry. Broadly confirming our hypotheses, the results show that high formalization of routine tasks favors ecological responsiveness. Structures characterized by high decentralization and low complexity also favor ecological responsiveness. Furthermore, decentralization has a significant, positive relationship with ecological responsiveness among firms with low vertical complexity. Overall, the results indicate that organizational structure plays a major role in ecological responsiveness. },
  author = {Pérez-Valls, Miguel and Céspedes-Lorente, José and del Río, Javier Martínez and Antolín-López, Raquel},
  doi = {10.1177/0007650317696313},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650317696313},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  journal = {Business & Society},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1634-1670},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {How Organizational Structure Affects Ecological Responsiveness},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650317696313},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{bosoni2018researching,
  abstract = {This chapter discusses how research on fatherhood has increased in recent years, especially in the form of qualitative studies that allow a deeper understanding of specific aspects of fatherhood, such as fathers' representations and expectations, paternal care practices, and relationship with the mother. While confirming the benefits of qualitative research, the chapter illustrates how a quantitative approach to researching fatherhood can highlight interesting aspects, giving a brief overview of the topic in large and important surveys. Moreover, researchers agree that the transition to parenthood, long treated mainly as a female issue, is relevant today for both mothers and fathers; in fact, broad trends point to men's increasing desire to participate in their children's lives and their involvement in childcare practices.},
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Bosoni, Maria Letizia and Mazzucchelli, Sara},
  booktitle = {Fathers, families and relationships: Researching everyday lives},
  doi = {10.1332/policypress/9781447331476.003.0004},
  editor = {Dermott, Esther and Gatrell, Caroline},
  isbn = {9781447331476},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {47-72},
  publisher = {Bristol University Press},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {Researching fathers through surveys: methodological challenges},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447331476.003.0004},
  year = 2018
}

@mastersthesis{standley2020secularism,
  abstract = {Current analyses focusing on the relations between the government of the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovenian Catholic Church cannot fully account for Slovenian citizens’ reporting of secular tendencies in social surveys. I supplement state-centric analyses with an anthropological examination of name-day celebrations (“gÃ³d,” “godovanje”) by analyzing motivation behind and the presence/absence of religious symbols in these celebrations. We observe a change in focus between socialization and religious motivation, a shift in power between name and individual, and an increase in secular names among Slovenian newborns overtime. We find that name-days are considered a rural practice, and that adults, rather than children, are more often observed to be participating in religious practices associated with name-day celebrations. Secularisms observed in small-scale, private, religious customs are likely to point towards private ontological beliefs, and by extension, the prevalence of secularism among Slovenian citizens.},
  address = {Seattle},
  author = {Standley, Hannah Lake},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Washington},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Secularism in Slovenia: An Anthropological Perspective},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45786},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{chromkovamanea2019evropsk,
  abstract = {The chapter describes briefly longitudinal survey called European values Study which is carried out in European countries regularly since 1991 every ninth year and which serves as a source for comparative Czech-Slovak analysis.},
  address = {Bratislava},
  author = {Chromková Manea, Beatrice Elena and Rabušic, Ladislav},
  booktitle = {Odděleně spolu? Česko a Slovensko optikou vývoje hodnot po roce 1991},
  editor = {Rabušic, Ladislav and Kusá, Zuzana and Chromková Manea, Beatrice Elena and Strapcová, Katarína},
  isbn = {9788055645902},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {23-30},
  publisher = {Slovart},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Evropský výzkum hodnot – metodologie a data (European Values Study – methods and data)},
  url = {https://is.muni.cz/publication/1599395/Evropsky_vyzkum_hodnot.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@book{inglehart2018cultural,
  abstract = {Cultural Evolution argues that people's values and behavior are shaped by the degree to which survival is secure; it was precarious for most of history, which encouraged heavy emphasis on group solidarity, rejection of outsiders, and obedience to strong leaders. For under extreme scarcity, xenophobia is realistic: if there is just enough land to support one tribe and another tribe tries to claim it, survival may literally be a choice between Us and Them. Conversely, high levels of existential security encourage openness to change, diversity, and new ideas. The unprecedented prosperity and security of the postwar era brought cultural change, the environmentalist movement, and the spread of democracy. But in recent decades, diminishing job security and rising inequality have led to an authoritarian reaction. Evidence from more than 100 countries demonstrates that people's motivations and behavior reflect the extent to which they take survival for granted - and that modernization changes them in roughly predictable ways. This book explains the rise of environmentalist parties, gender equality, and same-sex marriage through a new, empirically-tested version of modernization theory.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald F.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP},
  title = {Cultural Evolution: People’s Motivations are Changing, and Reshaping the World},
  year = 2018
}

@article{asuyama2020delegation,
  abstract = {The degree to which firms delegate authority to non-managerial and non-supervisory workers varies substantially across countries and industries. By examining worker-level data from 14 countries, I empirically explain this variation by region-specific social capital that proxies workers’ degree of self-centeredness and the industry-specific need for coordination. The empirical results provide the first confirmation of Alonso et al.'s (2008) theoretical predictions: In particular, when self-centeredness of workers is very low, the degree of delegation is always high regardless of the need for coordination. Consistent with the theory, as coordination becomes important, better horizontal communication among co-workers occurs to sustain the same delegation level.},
  author = {Asuyama, Yoko},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102586},
  journal = {International Journal of Industrial Organization},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS1989-2011},
  title = {Delegation to workers across countries and industries: Interacting effects of social capital and coordination needs},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102586},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2020
}

@article{wuepper2020culture,
  abstract = {I investigate whether cultural differences explain why some European regions are more effective in mitigating soil erosion than others. Specifically, I consider environmental preferences and beliefs as well as time preferences. For causal identification, I use a control function approach. The estimates suggest that a 1 standard deviation increase in pro-environmental culture increases erosion mitigation by 2–9 percentage points. This has important implications for research and policy making, which I discuss.},
  author = {Wuepper, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1093/erae/jbz029},
  eprint = {http://oup.prod.sis.lan/erae/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/erae/jbz029/28922806/jbz029.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0165-1587},
  journal = {European Review of Agricultural Economics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {619-653},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Does culture affect soil erosion? Empirical evidence from Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz029},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{calderoni2019report,
  abstract = {This deliverable presents the reports of T5.3 as part of WP5. It focuses on presenting the policy recommendations based on the results of the PROTON-S simulations. Since the consortium agreed on the development of separate models for the recruitment into organised crime and terrorist networks, the report is divided in two sections.},
  author = {Calderoni, Francesco and Savona, Ernesto Ugo and Hasisi, Badi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Report on policyrecommendations},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{johansson2020politics,
  abstract = {This paper empirically investigates the determinants of climate change perceptions across Europe, focusing on how political orientation and human values affect attribution- and trend belief, perceived impacts of climate change and climate concern. Previous studies in this field of research have ignored the risk of reverse causality, which is addressed in this paper by conducting the epidemiological method. By exclusively using information on second generation immigrants in 22 European countries and Israel, and information about 76 parental home countries, it is possible to rule out reverse causality. The paper uses individual, crosssectional data from European Social Survey (ESS), the integrated European Value Study (EVS)/World Value Survey (WVS) and ancestral country averages from the World Bank. The results suggest that human values, i.e. objects that are of importance for individuals, measured according to Schwartz theory of basic values, are predictive of trend belief, perceived impacts and climate concern. Political orientation, measured by placement on the right-left political scale, is predictive of climate concern. These results are in line with previous research and indicates that reverse causality has not been a prevailing issue in earlier studies.},
  address = {Lund},
  author = {Johansson, Alva},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Lund University},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Politics, human values and climate change: Investigating the determinants of climate change perceptions in Europe},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9021192},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{gonnot2020global,
  abstract = {In this Policy Brief we present a global overview of long-term trends and current attitudes to immigration across the world to highlight: Concerns about immigration in Western European and American countries have followed a different pattern than in Asia and Central and Eastern Europe over the last 40 years. Social and cultural concerns about immigration are relatively more salient than economic concerns in the Western world and more developed countries, while the opposite is true of developing countries in South America, Africa, and Asia. Asia and Africa are the continents most concerned with economic risks associated with immigration such as unemployment. Differences in attitudes to immigration by socio-demographic characteristics such as age, education, or gender vary greatly across continents and countries. Western European countries, the United States, New Zealand and Australia become increasingly favourable to immigrants as the share of immigrant population increases. In contrast, no such pattern is observable in other parts of the world.},
  author = {Gonnot, Jérôme and Dražanová, Lenka and Brunori, Claudia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Migration Policy Centre},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 42,
  pages = 5,
  series = {Policy Briefs},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Global trends and continental differences in attitudes to immigration : thinking outside the Western box},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69111},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{lardeux2020politique,
  abstract = {Dans un contexte de vieillissement accru des élus municipaux depuis les années 1980 et de « crise de la vocation » illustrée par un recul du nombre de jeunes candidats à la fonction de maire et l’augmentation du nombre de démissions, la présente recherche invite à saisir les parcours biographiques de jeunes maires âgés de 18 à 35 ans. Croisant la littérature sur les élus locaux et celle sur les parcours biographiques, ce rapport s’appuie sur 36 entretiens de jeunes maires et sur une enquête quantitative en ligne à laquelle ont répondu 4 784 élus (maires, adjoints, conseillers municipaux) âgés de 18 à 35 ans au moment de l’élection en 2014. Quels sont les événements déclencheurs, les ressources mobilisées, les dispositions intervenant dans l’accès à un mandat municipal ? Comment ces jeunes, qui accèdent à une fonction de leadership et qui sont nourris par des valeurs d’intérêt général, composent-ils leur quotidien entre leur activité de maire et une entrée à l’âge adulte marquée par des responsabilités professionnelles et conjugales ? Existe-t-il une spécificité de la jeunesse dans la manière d’exercer la fonction de maire et dans quelle mesure l’âge induit-il un rapport différent avec les administrés ? Pour répondre à ces différentes questions, ce rapport articule trois temps différents : – Le premier temps, celui de l’enfance et de l’adolescence, révèle tout d’abord comment se sont construits chez ces jeunes, à partir de l’environnement familial, scolaire, associatif ou professionnel, des dispositions favorables à la prise de responsabilité politique. – Le second temps porte ensuite sur la campagne municipale, la prise de fonction et les premières années de mandat durant lesquelles l’élu « doit faire ses preuves ». La légitimité pour les jeunes édiles est à la fois à conquérir et à maintenir. À conquérir d’abord, le temps d’une campagne municipale où l’attribut de la jeunesse peut constituer pour les adversaires politiques un élément de fragilité susceptible d’être attaqué. À maintenir ensuite lorsque le jeune maire, une fois élu, se trouve davantage scruté par les administrés en attente de ses premiers faits d’armes. – Le troisième temps, celui du travail quotidien du maire et des éléments plus projectifs, révèle une forte hétérogénéité de pratiques et d’incarnation de la fonction qui varie fortement selon des variables liées aux caractéristiques de la commune (rurale ou urbaine, politisée ou non, etc.), mais aussi selon les profils sociologiques et les caractéristiques personnelles des maires (homme ou femme ; « néophyte » ou « hypersocialisé politiquement » ; « encarté » ou non ; professionnel de la politique ou salarié exerçant hors de la politique ; etc.). Ces expériences différenciées agissent en retour sur le souhait affirmé ou non pour ces jeunes maires de se représenter aux prochaines élections municipales de 2020.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Lardeux, Laurent and Lacroix, Isabelle},
  institution = {Institut national de la jeunesse et de l'éducation populaire},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro french techreport},
  language = {french},
  number = {2020/01},
  series = {INJEP Notes & Reports},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Y a-t-il un âge en politique? Parcours de jeunes maires en France},
  url = {https://medias.amf.asso.fr/upload/files/Injep_JeunesMaires.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{meyer2019right,
  abstract = {In recent decades, there has been a gradual decline in working-class organisations, including social democratic parties and trade unions, and an increase in support for populist radical right parties across western democracies. These trends have a plausible common cause: an increase in labour market insecurity associated with deindustrialisation may cause disenchantment with establishment organisations and support for politicians who criticise them. In this article, I examine how individual labour market status interacts with labour market policies to affect attitudes towards trade unions and populist radical right parties. I find that individuals with insecure employment status become less likely to support trade unions and more likely to support populist radical right parties as employment protection for secure workers increases. This effect is offset somewhat by spending on active labour market policies. I find evidence for these predictions in data for 27 Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development countries from 1995 to 2009.},
  author = {Meyer, Brett},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4804},
  doi = {10.1017/S0143814X18000211},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Public Policy},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {637-654},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Left to right: labour market policy, labour market status and political affinities},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X18000211},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2019
}

@article{lettinga2020environmental,
  abstract = {Although humans cooperate universally, there is variability across individuals, times and cultures in the amount of resources people invest in cooperative activities. The origins of such variability are not known but recent work highlights that variations in environmental harshness may play a key role. A growing body of experimental work in evolutionary psychology suggests that humans adapt to their specific environment by calibrating their life-history strategy. In this paper, we apply structural equation models to test the association between current and childhood environmental harshness, life-history strategy and adult cooperation in two large-scale datasets (the World Values Survey and the European Values Study). The present study replicates existing research linking a harsher environment (both in adulthood and in childhood) with a modulated reproduction-maintenance trade-off and extends these findings to the domain of collective actions. Specifically, we find that a harsher environment (both in adulthood and in childhood) is associated with decreased involvement in collective action and that this association is mediated by individuals{\textquoteright} life-history strategy.},
  author = {Lettinga, N. and Jacquet, P.O. and André, J-B. and Baumard, N. and Chevallier, C.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1101/663518},
  elocation-id = {663518},
  eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/06/06/663518.full.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1-38},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Environmental harshness is associated with lower investment in collective actions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1101/663518},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2020
}

@article{siegel2020rainbows,
  abstract = {The Employment Equality Framework Directive (EED) is the first and still the only EU law that requires EU member states to combat sexual orientation discrimination. It requires states to change employment laws or draft news ones that prevent employers and coworkers from discriminating against gay and lesbian employees. Implementation of the EED was problematic, despite strong support for the law among many EU member states and their publics. An analysis of the EED’s provisions shows that in countries where religious organizations provide a substantial share of a country’s social services, governments are more likely to transpose the directive incorrectly. These findings are based on an innovative research design that addresses one legal subject matter within a directive. Contradicting earlier research showing it has little to no role, public opinion about an EU law can affect compliance. This article also sheds more light on how religious organizations and beliefs affect European integration, comparatively understudied in the literature. These findings also have important implications for the future of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) human rights legislation at the EU level. },
  author = {Siegel, Scott N.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10953 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0958928719868456},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928719868456},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3693 v1.0.1 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of European Social Policy},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {241-258},
  study-id = {EB58.1 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Rainbows and crosses: Noncompliance with EU law prohibiting sexual orientation discrimination},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928719868456},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{vanwijk2019exploring,
  abstract = {The prevalence of work-related stress and its consequences, such as burnout, are rising and are seen as one of the greatest challenges facing Europe regarding safe and healthy work. Policies aimed at work engagement reduce the prevalence of work-related stress and enhances the performance at work of employees. Although recent research claims that work engagement is related to specific country-level influences (such as work centrality), theoretical arguments remain unclear. This study focusses on explaining how the national perception of work centrality in European member states moderates the relationship between job resources and work engagement. By building on job demands-resources model and the conservation of resources theory, it is expected that the negative effect of a lack of job resources on work engagement is stronger for employees’ who live in a European member state with a weak perception on work centrality because they are less motivated to develop new or retain job resources. In order to provide an answer to the research question, multilevel model analysis is conducted based on the national representative Sixth European Working Conditions Survey 2017, which is conducted in 28 European member states. The results of this study show the opposite of what is expected from the theory. The negative effect of job resources on work engagement is stronger for employees’ who live in a European member state which has a strong perception of work centrality, instead of employees’ who live in a European member state with a weak perception of work centrality. At last, the study shows that country-level variables only explain a very small part of the variance of work engagement and, therefore, support the claim that job resources are the most important predictors of work engagement and that the relationship is very robust against country-specific influences.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {van Wijk, R.A.C.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 57,
  school = {Tilburg University},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Exploring new grounds: cross-national research on work engagement and the moderating effect of the national perception of work centrality},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=148629},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{brechon2010echantillon,
  abstract = {Présente la méthodologie utilisée pour la partie française de l'enquête European Values Study (EVS). la moitié de l'échantllon a été sélectionné selon une méthode aléatoire stricte, l'autre avec des "quotas renforcées". L'analyse des résultats montre que, dans les fails, la méthode aléatoire est très difficile à ùmettre en oeuvre en France et qu'au total la partie aléatoire de l'enquête est moins représentative de la population totale que l'autre moitié. En utilisant une pondération, on peut cependant utiliser sans problème les deux parties de l'échantillon et les ocncidérer comme formant une entité unique.},
  address = {Tanger},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Colloque francophone sur les sondages, Tanger, mars 2010},
  hal_id = {halshs-00826563},
  hal_version = {v1},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro french inproceedings},
  language = {french},
  pages = {1-20},
  pdf = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00826563/file/colloque_sondages2010_texte2.pdf},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Echantillon aléatoire, échantillon par quotas : les enseignements de l'enquête EVS 2008 en France},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00826563},
  year = 2010
}

@article{ruck2021cultural,
  abstract = {National responses to a pandemic require populations to comply through personal behaviors that occur in a cultural context. Here we show that aggregated cultural values of nations, derived from World Values Survey data, have been at least as important as top-down government actions in predicting the impact of COVID-19. Whereas trust in institutions predicts lower COVID-19 deaths per capita, secular- rationalism and cosmopolitanism each predict more deaths. The effects of these cultural values register more strongly than government efficiency. This suggests that open democracies may face greater challenges in limiting a pandemic, and that all nations should consider their cultural values as actionable parameters in their future preparations.},
  author = {Ruck, Damian J and Borycz, Joshua and Bentley, R. Alexander},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/s43545-021-00080-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {medRxiv},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 74,
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cultural values predict national COVID-19 death rates},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-021-00080-2},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2021
}

@mastersthesis{zorko2020strukturni,
  abstract = {The purpose of the master's thesis was to examine political cleavages within the analysis of structural and value factors connected with the demonstration of support for political parties in Slovenia. In the research, we performed a secondary analysis of the European Values Study database (EVS, 2017) on a sample of the Slovenian population, which showed electoral preferences (n = 548). The results indicate that the Slovenian electorate decides to a greater extent based on values rather than based on socio-structural background. The strongest structural factors of electoral choice are religious affiliation, age, education, and gender. Religious affiliation is associated with the support of the NSi and SDS, and atheism with the support of the Levica. Older age is associated with DeSUS support, education with Levica support, and male gender with SMC support. The strongest value factors of electoral choice are authoritarian-libertarian values, secular-religious values, immigration orientations, and environmental values. Libertarianism is associated with support for the Levica and the SD, while authoritarianism is associated with the support of the NSi and the SDS. Religiosity is associated with support for the NSi, and secularity with support for the Levica. A positive attitude towards immigration is associated with support for the Levica, and a negative attitude with support for the DeSUS and the SDS. A positive attitude towards the environment is associated with support for the Levica and the SD. Based on the results, we conclude that the political cleavages between the Slovenian electorate are very similar to those in Western European countries. At the same time, however, they retain some peculiarities that are otherwise perceived in post-communist societies.},
  address = {Maribor},
  author = {Zorko, Žan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {University of Maribor},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Strukturni in vrednotni politični razcepi: analiza slovenskega volilnega telesa v letu 2017 (Structural and Value Political Cleavages: Analysis of the Slovenian Electorate in 2017)},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://dk.um.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=77744},
  year = 2020
}

@article{baloban2019,
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {211-220},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Opći uvod},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/325598},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2019
}

@article{yun2020multilevel,
  abstract = {The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences on the influence of the Family policies for the mathers" economic participation and child poverty. To analyze this relationship empirically, a multilevel analysis model were used in this study. Personal data used in this study is WVS and EVS data of 22 countries. According to the results, Family policy was affecting child poverty and women"s economic activity. In particular, support for childcare costs and paid leave policies have had a significant impact on reducing child poverty.},
  author = {Yun, Seung Hee},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.37918/kce.2020.05.122.1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {Korea Journal of Child Care and Education},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {여성 경제활동 참여와 아동빈곤에 대한 다층분석 - 복지국가의 가족정책을 중심으로 [A Multilevel Analysis of Mother"s Economic Participation and Child Poverty in the Welfare State : Focusing on the Family Policy]},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.37918/kce.2020.05.122.1},
  volume = 122,
  year = 2020
}

@article{sangrok2019effect,
  abstract = {Considering that welfare attitudes are affected by individual characters and also features of the welfare states, this study analyse the effects of macroeconomic conditions on the individual welfare attitudes. And also, we examine the moderating effects of the individual characters and welfare regimes. Applying Hierarchical Linear Model to the multi-level data – individual data from World Values Survey(WVS) & the European Values Study(EVS) and country level data from OECD Statistics-, we analyze the effects of the macroeconomic conditions and moderating effects of the individual characters and welfare regimes. Data of this study include 74,103 individuals based on 71 dataset(from 1990 to 2013) from 19 Western welfare states. The major findings from this study are as follows. First, macroeconomic conditions have systematically affected welfare attitudes in the Western welfare states. These results suggest that individual welfare attitudes varies across the countries and times due to the effects of the macroeconomic conditions. Second, the effects of macroeconomic conditions on welfare attitudes are different among social groups which feature individual characteristics. Third, the welfare regime is also an moderating factors of macroeconomic conditions’effects on the welfare attitudes. The findings of this study suggest that macroeconomic conditions are important factors in the understanding dynamics of welfare attitudes and welfare politics. And they suggest that more active consideration of the interactive relationship between macroeconomics and welfare attitudes is necessary to advance development of welfare politics and welfare state in Korea.},
  author = {Sang-Rok, Lee},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {261-297},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {복지태도 결정에 거시경제상황이 미치는 영향: 개인 특성 및 복지체제의 조절효과를 중심으로 (The effect of macroeconomic conditions on welfare attitudes in the Welfare States: The moderating effect of individual characteristics and welfare regimes)},
  url = {https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09253160#none},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{litina2020family,
  abstract = {We study the relation between conjugal family ties and corruption. Our theoretical model shows that the population share of people who have a desire to retain close ties with their families (i.e., the extensive margin) has an ambiguous effect on the level of corruption, due to the presence of conflicting mechanisms. However, the strength of this desire among people who want to retain close ties with their families (i.e., the intensive margin) has an unambiguously negative effect on corruption. The latter outcome finds support from our empirical analysis: Using micro-level data, we show that, in contrast to conventional wisdom and cross-country reflections, stronger family ties are negatively correlated with a broad set of activities that measure corruption.},
  address = {Munich},
  author = {Litina, Anastasia and Varvarigos, Dimitrios},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Munich Personal RePEc Archive},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 89140,
  series = {MPRA Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Family Ties and Corruption},
  url = {https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98597/1/MPRA_paper_98597.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{storm2020national,
  abstract = {Contemporary research into the impact of major sports events shows that the widely used (and popular) claim of economic benefits associated with hosting them is misleading or – at best – overrated. In this paper, we aim to measure whether other potential intangible effects can be found, specifically that of national pride. We expand on existing research by including more international sports events and nations while also including a medal index into our regression models to test the effect of athletic achievement. Our results suggest that international sporting success is not a significant driver of national pride. Hosting mega sports events is positively correlated with pride, although this is not significant in our estimations. Implications for nations are that they should become much more strategic in order to harvest potential intangible effects.},
  author = {Storm, Rasmus K. and Jakobsen, Tor Georg},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/19406940.2019.1646303},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2019.1646303},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {163-178},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {National pride, sporting success and event hosting: an analysis of intangible effects related to major athletic tournaments},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2019.1646303},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{ormston2019social,
  address = {London},
  author = {Ormston, Rachel},
  booktitle = {Trust: the Truth?},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {{{Ipsos MORI}}},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {49-56},
  publisher = {Ipsos MORI},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Social trust : how much do we trust each other?},
  url = {https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/publication/documents/2019-09/ipsos-thinks-trust-the-truth.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{grishchenko2019belarusian,
  abstract = {The authors focus on the generation of young Belarusian Millennials represented in this research by the students born in 1995–2000. Their main features include political indifference, everyday use of IT technologies, individualism and rational life attitudes. Taking into account both objective and subjective characteristics of this generation, the authors argue that it demonstrates a significant shift in societal development of Belarus. Under the social and cultural conditions of stability and political conservatism, the ‘silent revolution’ took place: Millennials transcoded the traditional values of the previous Soviet generations. The conceptualization of this phenomenon cannot be made only on the basis of quantitative data not capturing the new tendencies in youth development. The authors combine qualitative and quantitative methods that enhance a possibility to measure new meanings the youth puts into the basic values. This approach made it possible to discover the new youth features that may affect Belarusian development in the near future: its ambivalent self-identification, dominance of pragmatism and individualism. This phenomenon can be considered as a spontaneous reflection to the challenges that Belarus was facing during the post-Soviet transformation.},
  author = {Grishchenko, Zhanna and Titarenko, Larissa},
  doi = {10.6001/fil-soc.v30i4.4157},
  journal = {Filosofija. Sociologija},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {317-324},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Belarusian Millennials: A Generation Gap?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.v30i4.4157},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2019
}

@article{tromp2020believing,
  abstract = {Extending and building on previous work on the merits of Grace Davie’s theory about ‘believing without belonging’, this paper offers a comparative analysis of changes in the relationships between ‘believing’ and ‘belonging’ across countries. In doing so, two renditions of the theory that co-exist in Grace Davie’s work are distinguished, i.e., the typically foregrounded version about a de-institutionalization of Christianity and its often unnoticed counterpart about a spiritualization of religion. Societal growth curve modelling is applied to the data of the European Values Study for twenty European countries (1981–2008) to test hypotheses derived from both theories. The findings suggest that the typically foregrounded version of a de-institutionalization of Christianity needs to be rejected, while the typically unnoticed version of a spiritualization of religion is supported by the data.},
  author = {Tromp, Paul and Pless, Anna and Houtman, Dick},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/s13644-020-00432-z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {22114866},
  journal = {Review of Religious Research},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {509-531},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {‘Believing Without Belonging’ in Twenty European Countries (1981–2008) De-institutionalization of Christianity or Spiritualization of Religion?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-020-00432-z},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2020
}

@article{sindingbentzen2019religiosity,
  abstract = {Religious beliefs potentially influence individual behaviour. But why are some societies more religious than others? One possible answer is religious coping: individuals turn to religion to deal with unbearable and unpredictable life events. To investigate whether coping can explain global differences in religiosity, I combine a global dataset on individual-level religiosity with spatial data on natural disasters. Individuals become more religious if an earthquake recently hit close by. Even though the effect decreases after a while, data on children of immigrants reveal a persistent effect across generations. The results point to religious coping as the main mediating channel, but alternative explanations such as mutual insurance or migration cannot be ruled out entirely. The findings may help explain why religiosity has not vanished as some scholars once predicted.},
  author = {Sinding Bentzen, Jeanet},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1093/ej/uez008},
  eprint = {http://oup.prod.sis.lan/ej/article-pdf/129/622/2295/29195955/uez008.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0013-0133},
  journal = {The Economic Journal},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 622,
  pages = {2295-2321},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Acts of God? Religiosity and Natural Disasters Across Subnational World Districts*},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez008},
  volume = 129,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{fucik2020public,
  abstract = {In the beginning of the existence of divorce as a social institution, parenthood was not as deeply problematized as the moral aspects of the partnership. In contrast, current public and scientific debates are most frequently involved in the questions of the impact of divorce on the children. Shared custody can be understood as a result of this cultural shift. The knowledge about public attitudes toward this topic and its social differentiation is limited. This study presents a unique source of data on shared custody attitudes from EVS (European Values Study) and CHPS (Czech Household Panel Survey) surveys conducted recently in the Czech Republic. The results show there is a substantive distinction between the attitudes of men and women and that the acceptance of shared custody is higher in younger age groups. No differences according to the social and economic status of respondents and their family backgrounds were found. Concerning the broader attitudinal contingency, we found no relationship between egalitarian gender attitudes and the acceptance of shared custody, but conservative attitudes toward divorce consequences increase the acceptance of shared custody.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Fučík, Petr},
  booktitle = {Divorce in Europe: New Insights in Trends, Causes and Consequences of Relation Break-ups},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-25838-2_12},
  editor = {Mortelmans, Dimitri},
  isbn = {978-3-030-25838-2},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {253-270},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Public Attitudes Toward Shared Custody: The Czech Republic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25838-2_12},
  year = 2020
}

@article{engler2019parties,
  abstract = {Classic partisan theory posits that political parties translate their electorates’ preferences into policies. Accordingly, the recent changes in left parties’ voter base, from predominantly working-class to middle-class voters, should have resulted in changing policy positions and policy effects of left parties. We test this expectation for economic policies (i.e., subsidies, product market regulation, and privatization) in 16 European countries between 1980 and 2012. We find the expected relationships for subsidies but not for regulation and privatization. This can be explained by the fact that only with regard to subsidies, preferences substantially differ between the working- and the middle-class. Thus, economic policy preferences of voters of left parties diverge less than could be expected. Methodologically, the study suggests that empirically testing the complete causal mechanism of classic partisan theory, assessing voters’ preferences and investigating more than one issue area, are promising ways to study partisan effects on public policies.},
  author = {Engler, Fabian and Zohlnhöfer, Reimut},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/13501763.2018.1545796},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA3521},
  journal = {Journal of European Public Policy},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1620-1638},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; MannheimTrendfile1970-2002},
  title = {Left parties, voter preferences, and economic policy-making in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2018.1545796},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{bordandini2019geography,
  abstract = {The aim of this article is to analyse Italian administrative reforms made after the Second World War. The work focuses on the changes of the civil service, the bureaucracy which works in the central and local government and performs administrative tasks, considering in particular the evolution of ideas, rules, organisation and policy-making process. An appreciation of history is essential to understand public administration (Melis 1996; Raadschelders 2000; Painter and Peters 2010), and most of the works on this issue do not take it into account very much (Borgonovi and Ongaro 2011; Natalini 2006). To have an in-depth knowledge of the Italian civil service in the 2000s, it is fundamental to reconstruct the state-building process through history, beginning from the creation of the unitary State in the mid-19th century and tracing all major organisational changes and path-breaking reforms from that moment until the 2000s. In the first part of the paper I analyse the history of the Italian central bureaucracy before the Second World War, enhancing the sedimentation of the administrative traditions that will have shaped the characteristics of the civil service later on; in the second part I offer a historical picture of the Italian civil service from post-war to 1990s; in the third, I look at administrative reforms of the 1990s and 2000s, highlighting benefits and disadvantages of these reforms; and in the conclusions, I outline the historical ‘persistence’ that has characterised the politico–administrative system and how it has shaped the administrative organisation and the policy paradigm of the Italian civil service.},
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Bordandini, Paola and Piotti, Geny},
  booktitle = {Identity Crisis in Italy},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  editor = {Tanács-Mandák, Fanni},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {79-94},
  publisher = {Dialóg Campus},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {A Geography of “Identity” Trust in Italy},
  url = {http://publikaciotar.repozitorium.uni-bge.hu/1569/1/web_PDF_Identity_Crisis_in_Italy.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{langsaether2019religious,
  abstract = {One of the most important theoretical explanations for why religion is associated with party choice is that religion affects citizens' moral values, which in turn affect party preference. In this article, I first estimate the empirical importance of this mechanism. On average, about ten percent of religious voting is mediated by moral traditionalism. Secondly, I argue that the importance of this mechanism varies depending on party characteristics. The effect is indirect through moral traditionalism to the extent that parties emphasize moral issues such as abortion or euthanasia. Under these conditions, group belonging may provide useful cues for voters. Combining data on 50 parties with survey data on more than 10,000 citizens from 13 West European countries, this article provides empirical evidence of this proposition in the case of the religious cleavage. The findings may be of relevance also for other social structural variables, such as class or gender.},
  author = {Langsæther, Peter Egge},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2019.102095},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0261-3794},
  journal = {Electoral Studies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religious voting and moral traditionalism: The moderating role of party characteristics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.102095},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{fernandezprados2019political,
  abstract = {The fifth wave and latest European Values Study (2017-18) offers once again the opportunity to analyse the values, beliefs, opinions, attitudes and behaviours of European societies. One of the challenges facing the European Union is the political violence manifested in the emergence of the extreme right (Rydgren, 2018), radical protests (Rak, 2018) or fundamentalist terrorisms (Sageman, 2017). Although violence is increasingly studied, it is very difficult to define especially when it responds to collective actors or social groups, however, we can agree that political violence is the violent action of organized groups to modify power structures (Moreno, 2009). In this paper we intend to carry out a descriptive and explanatory approach to the justification of political violence (within question 44 of the European Values Study). Within the set of explanatory variables, we will dwell on the role played by religion in its different aspects (importance of religion, belonging to religious organizations, religious practice, etc.) (Aslan & Hermansen, 2017; Dingley & Mollica, 2018).},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Fernández-Prados, Juan S. and Lozano-Díaz, Antonia and Ainz-Galende, Alexandra},
  booktitle = {3rd International Academic Conference on Humanities & Social Science, Berlin, Germany, 29-31. August 2019},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = 8,
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Political Violence and Religion in Europe},
  url = {https://www.dpublication.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/75-175.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{ovaska2020caveat,
  abstract = {In the last 60 years, the results of development aid have been mixed. Thus far, it has been mostly the aid recipient countries, which have been held responsible for aid’s shortcomings. That focus is misplaced, however, since the donor countries, through development aid, also export some of their own institutions and values to the recipient countries affecting the recipients’ rate of entrepreneurship and income. This study demonstrates how donor countries vary widely in both the type and quality of their institutions and values, leading to diverging economic outcomes. The results indicate that recipient countries should pay serious attention to who their development partner is. In particular, recipients would want to avoid aid from low institutional quality donors with perceived anti-market attitudes. Finally, it is argued that development aid might become more efficient if it moved away from the bilateral, towards the multilateral, mode.},
  author = {Ovaska, Tomi and Takashima, Ryo},
  doi = {10.3390/economies8010004},
  issn = {2227-7099},
  journal = {Economies},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-4},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Caveat Emptor: Foreign Aid and Entrepreneurship},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8010004},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2020
}

@article{walczak2019wspzalenoci,
  abstract = {Family and work are institutions of obvious importance from the point of view of an individual and society. These institutions are connected by a network of complex interactions. On the one hand, work, the conditions in which it is performed, income derived from it, can affect the functioning of the family and the way in which it is perceived. On the other hand, the degree of involvement of individuals in the professional sphere, expectations and aspirations connected with it may be a derivative of the family situation. The article presents a comparative analysis of family and work as values based on data from the European Value Survey. This international survey, conducted since 1990 in Poland on the basis of a representative, random sample, allows searching for determinants of the attitude to family, marriage and work. It allows also to conduct a longitudinal analysis. The family is invariably the dominant value and work is the second in the hierarchy, although its meaning begins to decline. Material culture and consumerism are reflected more and more clearly in the choices made by respondents. The work ceases to be an autotelic value. Parents with three or more children assign more importance to the sphere of their professional work, although at the same time this group is the least active professionally. Gender does not differentiate the approach to „work-life-balance”, although women more oft en emphasize the importance of egalitarian sharing of household duties.},
  author = {Walczak, Anna M.},
  doi = {10.5604/01.3001.0013.6781},
  issn = {2083-0998},
  journal = {Studia z Teorii Wychowania},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {89-109},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Współzależności pomiędzy sferą rodzinną i zawodową (Interdependence between the family and professional work)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6781},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2019
}

@book{smolka2019belastungsprobe,
  abstract = {Im Zentrum dieses Buches steht die Zu- und Abnahme der Demokratiequalität in den EU-Staaten. Mithilfe des Demokratie Barometers wird für die Jahre 2004 bis 2012 nachgezeichnet, dass ein Decline of Democracy keineswegs auf prominente Beispiele wie Polen und Ungarn begrenzt ist. Vielmehr identifiziert Theresia Smolka ein Bündel struktureller Faktoren, die EU-weit gültig sind. Vor allem eine niedrige Einkommensungleichheit und lange EU-Mitgliedschaft wirken sich negativ auf die Demokratiequalität der EU-Mitglieder aus. },
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Smolka, Theresia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.10970},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-27037-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA4414 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  series = {Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EB64.2},
  title = {Belastungsprobe für die Europäische Union: Veränderung der Demokratiequalität in den 27 Mitgliedstaaten zwischen 2004 und 2012},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27037-7},
  year = 2019
}

@article{koniecznasalamatin2021attitudes,
  abstract = {Through the lens of modernization theories, the process of European integration can be perceived as Poland’s second modernization, following the systemic transformation in the nineties. In this article, we analyze the divergent perceptions of the European Union, and attitudes toward European integration, as they coexist within contemporary Polish society. We introduce the notion of European integration as a triple modernization, encompassing economic, institutional, and cultural changes. Using a mixed methods approach based on qualitative and quantitative data from the European Values Study 2017, we demonstrate that Poles generally accept the peripheral status of Poland in the economic context and expect financial support from the core of the EU. Simultaneously, within the cultural context, there exists a marginal but salient attitude that is based on opposition toward cultural pressures and on a claim to an active role in the shaping of the European axiological agenda. Distinguishing the three aspects of this general process of European integration allows for the identification of the source of tensions that are described in literature as cross-European populist tendencies to question the very idea of European integration in member societies of the EU.},
  author = {Konieczna-Sałamatin, Joanna and Sawicka, Maja},
  doi = {10.1177/0888325420926633},
  journal = {East European Politics and Societies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {363-383},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {The East of the West, or the West of the East? Attitudes toward the European Union and European Integration in Poland after 2008},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325420926633},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2021
}

@inproceedings{maineri2019trust,
  abstract = {In the first half of 2018 netizens witnessed a large controversy on online data privacy due to the outburst of the Cambridge Analytica scandal, followed by a wide debate surrounding the introduction of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed study of trust in social media, contributing to three distinct theoretical debates. First, studies on institutional trust are split over the question whether people evaluate institutions distinctly. Second, the extent to which trust in institutions reflects an evaluation of the performance of such institutions or whether its explanations should be found elsewhere is not resolved by empirical research. Third, who changes opinion in response to turmoil, in this case on data breach that are directly intertwined with social media? In our study, we rely on an innovative Sessie study as part of the Dutch wave of the European Values Study 2017, with a representative sample of the Dutch population questioned about their trust in social media before and after the controversy over Cambridge Analytica and GDPR. The analysis shows that trust in social media is distinct from other types of institutional trust; nevertheless, trust in politics spills over into trust in social media. We further observe that approximately 65% does not change trust in social media after the data breach turmoil. The changers are equally split in decreased and increased over-time trust. We conclude our paper with implications for the concept of trust, and its study.},
  address = {New York, USA},
  author = {Maineri, Angelica and Reeskens, Tim},
  booktitle = {2019 ASA Annual Meeting: Engaging Social Justice for a Better World},
  eventtitle = {12.08.2019},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {In Zuck We Trust? A quasi-natural experiment to study trust in social media},
  url = {https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/activities/in-zuck-we-trust-a-quasi-natural-experiment-to-study-trust-in-soc-2},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{lakomy2019consequences,
  address = {Brno},
  author = {Lakomý, Martin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10037},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4761 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 192,
  school = {Masaryk University},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The consequences of activities supported by the active ageing
approach for quality of life},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://is.muni.cz/th/cz5vj/Lakomy_dissertation.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{tanturri2020fathers,
  abstract = {According to recent literature the increasing women’s labour market participation is only the first part of the so called gender revolution, while a second part is now unfolding, with an increased participation of men in family life with special attention to childcare. The aim of this paper is to explore fathers’ involvement in parenting tasks within different contexts in terms of gender regimes, family policies, and workplace culture. The idea is to evidence individual factors that may enable/challenge the capability of fathers to stay with children and care for them, and to suggest opportune father-friendly policies. Time with children is compared among a sample of fathers in Time Use survey in France (2009-2010), Italy (2008-09), Sweden (2000-2001) and the UK (2000). Three different measures of father involvement are examined: the total time father spend with their children, the time they spend alone with them, and their engagement in childcare activities. Results show that distinct micro-level factors contribute in determining the three levels of father’s commitment analysed. Few cross-countries differences emerge. Fathers’ involvement is mainly determined by their work-related features, by their children characteristics, and by their partner’s working schedules. Weekday and weekend differences are observed. The quantum of father engagement strongly depends on the countries’ institutional context: it is the highest in Sweden and the lowest in Italy. Fathers’ time with children at the crossroads of the gender revolution: 3 a comparative analysis in France, Italy, Sweden and the UK Acknowledgement: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 320116 for the research project FamiliesAndSocieties. This comparative study shows the methodological importance of considering different measures of father involvement to understand how micro-level factors influence the time fathers spend with their children in different institutional context.},
  address = {Padua},
  author = {Tanturri, Maria Letizia and Donno, Annalisa and Fahlén, Susanne and Henz, Ursula and Pailhé, Ariane and Solaz, Anne},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Dipartimento de scienze statistiche},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Fathers' time with children at the crossroads of the gender revolution: a comparative analysis in France, Italy, Sweden and the UK},
  url = {http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/12955/},
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{iscen2019political,
  abstract = {In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that a collapse in the predictability of daily life and the failure of governmental structures to provide support and security will lead to a culture of individualism of the ‘everyman for himself’ variety and that this can be reproduced on a regional basis over a very long period. To test this hypothesis empirically, attention is drawn to the relation between border changes historically and individuals’ locus of control today. We find that regions which were more exposed to border changes historically have higher locus of control today.},
  address = {Berkeley31},
  author = {Iscen, Baran},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of California},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Does political instability lead to a culture of individualism?},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {https://www.econ.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Iscen_Baran_Senior_Thesis_VF.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{rodriguezjusticia2019voting,
  abstract = {Based on a theoretical model in which voters’ tax compliance behavior is driven by fairness concerns, we empirically analyze the channels through which ideological stances of individuals and governments impact on tax compliance behavior. Our data is from the WVS and the EVS and comprises nearly 48,000 observations from 23 OECD countries over the period 1995-2012. Our results indicate that the consequences of a change in government ideology caused by a shift from a moderate right-wing to a moderate left-wing coalition reduces the probability to exhibit the highest tax compliance level of voters in a country with average public sector size by 1.31%. This effect is twice as large in a country whose public sector size lies 5 percent above the average. These results highlight the importance of ideological stances in tax compliance and indicate that policy makers should focus their attention on the increasing ideological polarization recently observed in developed countries as a hurdle for reducing tax evasion and avoidance.},
  address = {Barcelona, Spanien},
  author = {Rodriguez-Justicia, David and Theilen, Bernd},
  booktitle = {Second Catalan Economic Society Conference (CESC)},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  eventdate = {24.-25.05.2019},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Institut d’Estudis Catalans},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Voting with tax evasion: Ideological motives in tax
compliance behavior},
  year = 2019
}

@article{reichel2021board,
  abstract = {In this paper, we untangle the relationship between the HRM occupation's feminine image and the representation of the HRM function on executive boards. A Monte Carlo simulation analysis of 172 executive boards in Austria, Germany, France, Spain, and Sweden shows that women on boards are disproportionately often responsible for HRM and having a woman on the board corresponds to HRM being represented on the board. Additional exploratory analyses of country contexts indicate that this relationship is not universal. Considering several explanations for these country differences, we propose that institutional pressures promoting women's integration into boards is the main reason for the differences. Organisations yield to this pressure and reduce the anticipated performance risks by appointing women with function-specific experience to board positions responsible for HRM—a function perceived as matching women's stereotypically assumed talents.},
  author = {Reichel, Astrid and Scheibmayr, Isabella and Brandl, Julia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.12661},
  doi = {10.1111/1748-8583.12263},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Human Resource Management Journal},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {586-603},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {The HR lady is on board: Untangling the link between HRM's feminine image and HRM's board representation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12263},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2021
}

@article{gangl2020impact,
  abstract = {Tax authorities utilize a wide range of instruments to motivate honest taxpaying ranging from strict audits to fair procedures or personalized support, differing from country to country. However, little is known about how these different instruments and taxpayers’ trust influence the generation of interaction climates between tax authorities and taxpayers, motivations to comply, and particularly, tax compliance. The present research examines the extended slippery slope framework (eSSF), which distinguishes tax authorities’ instruments into different qualities of power of authority (coercive and legitimate) and trust in authorities (reason-based and implicit), to shed light on the effect of differences between power and trust. We test eSSF assumptions with survey data from taxpayers from three culturally different countries (N = 700) who also vary concerning their perceptions of power, trust, interaction climates, and tax motivations. Results support assumptions of the eSSF. Across all countries, the relation of coercive power and tax compliance was mediated by implicit trust. The connection from legitimate power to tax compliance is partially mediated by reason-based trust. The relationship between implicit trust and tax compliance is mediated by a confidence climate and committed cooperation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. },
  author = {Gangl, Katharina and Hofmann, Eva and Hartl, Barbara and Berkics, Mihály},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/01442872.2019.1577375},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Policy Studies},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {98-111},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The impact of powerful authorities and trustful taxpayers: evidence for the extended slippery slope framework from Austria, Finland, and Hungary},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2019.1577375},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{kinga2019national,
  abstract = {Abstract The Models of Child Health Appraised (MOCHA) project recognises that child health policy is determined to a great extent by national culture; thus, exploring and understanding the cultural influences on national policies are essential to fully appraise the models of primary care. Cultures are created by the population who adopt national rituals, beliefs and code systems and are unique to each country. To understand the effects of culture on public policy, and the resulting primary care services, we explored the socio-cultural background of four components of policy-making: content, actors, contexts and processes. Responses from the MOCHA Country Agents about recent key national concerns and debates about child health and policy were analysed to identify the key factors as determinants of policy. These included awareness, contextual change, freedom, history, lifestyle, religion, societal activation and tolerance. To understand the influence of these factors on policy, we identified important internal and external structural determinants, which we grouped into those identified within the structure of health care policy (internal), and those which are only indirectly correlated with the policy environment (external). An important child-focused cultural determinant of policy is the national attitude to child abuse. We focused on the role of primary care in preventing and identifying abuse of children and young people, and treating its consequences, which can last a lifetime.},
  address = {Bingley},
  author = {Kinga, Zdunek},
  booktitle = {Issues and Opportunities in Primary Health Care for Children in Europe},
  doi = {10.1108/978-1-78973-351-820191005},
  editor = {Blair, Mitch and Rigby, Michael and Alexander, Denise},
  isbn = {9781789733549 9781789733518},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {345-357},
  publisher = {Emerald Publishing Limited},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {National and Public Cultures as Determinants of Health Policy and Production},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-351-820191005},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{schlichter2020faktory,
  abstract = {The following Bachelor's thesis is concerned with the evaluation of attitudes towards migrants in countries of the Visegrád Group (V4). Its main aim is to analyse the determinants that affect such attitudes. It primarily builds on the work of the group threat theory and social indentity theory. The thesis examines the impact of socio-psychological, socio-economic and demographic attributes, and also includes influences of relevant national and regional contexts. Its findings stem from the evaluation of the 2017 European Values Study dataset using multiple linear regression. The main contribution of this work is the discovery of the importance of Polish national context, followed by interpersonal trust, education, and conservatism. Despite existing theoretical assumptions, age did not turn out to be a significant determinant impacting attitudes in the countries of V4. Institutional trust and empathy played a significant role in terms of polarization in all of the countries evaluated. The impact of other attributes examined, including regional impact, was generally low.},
  address = {Prag},
  author = {Schlichter, Martin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {Univerzita Karlova},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Faktory ovlivňující postoje k imigrantům v zemích Visegrádské čtyřky (Determinants of attitudes towards immigrants in the Visegrad countries)},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/119032},
  year = 2020
}

@article{turner2020union,
  abstract = {We examine whether trade union membership enhances political activism and beliefs in the democratic system, and argue that trade unions and union membership are more likely to develop workers’ capacities to participate as citizens in the democratic process. Union members are more likely to engage in political activities and hold more positive attitudes towards democracy than non-union respondents across 11 stable European democracies with varying levels of union density and collective bargaining coverage. A notable trend is the decline over generations of the positive gap in political participation levels between union and non-union workers. It appears that the effects of union membership for political participation and attitudes to democracy, though still significant, are less salient for the 1980s generation. },
  author = {Turner, Thomas and Ryan, Lorraine and O’Sullivan, Michelle},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0959680119844926},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {European Journal of Industrial Relations},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {279-295},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Does union membership matter? Political participation, attachment to democracy and generational change},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0959680119844926},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2020
}

@book{rotman2019,
  abstract = {В монографии, подготовленной сотрудниками Центра социологических и политических исследований БГУ, анализируется ситуация в аксиологическом пространстве Республики Беларусь по результатам исследования, проведенного в 2018 году в рамках международного проекта «Исследование европейских ценностей» (EVS). Адресуется преподавателям гуманитарных дисциплин, аспирантам, студентам, а также всем, кто интересуется проблемами современного общества.},
  address = {Minsk},
  author = {Rotman, D. G. and Danilov, A. N. and Bulynko, D. M. and Belov, A. A. and Belsky, A. M. and Vodneva, A. K. and Ivanyuto, O. V. and Morozova, S. A. and Pravdivets, V. V. and Savich, N. A. and Filinskaya, L. V. and Shkurova, E. V.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  editor = {Bulynko, D. M. and Rotman, D. G.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  institution = {Belarusian State University},
  isbn = {978-985-566-818-4},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Ценностный мир современного человека: проект «Исследование европейских ценностей», волна-2018},
  url = {https://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/243961},
  year = 2019
}

@article{conway2018catholic,
  abstract = {This article investigates variation in Catholic religious commitment in different macro world regions. Although sociologists have examined variation in Catholic religiosity, this research has tended to be limited to Western European and Latin American contexts and has not gone beyond employing more than one measure of religiosity. In addition, prior research has rarely examined the effect of several explanatory frameworks together. Drawing on data from the European and World Values Survey as well as national‐level data, we test for the influence of secularization/existential security, religious markets, and historical legacies on self‐rated importance of God, private prayer, and church attendance across 52 countries in five world macro‐regional contexts—Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and Oceania—of the church. Our findings provide strong support for the existential security perspective and partial support for the historical legacy perspectives. We conclude with implications for the study of religion and society in general.},
  author = {Conway, Brian and Spruyt, Bram},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4804},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12512},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v1.0.0},
  issn = {1468-5906},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {258-299},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Catholic commitment around the globe : a 52-country analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12512},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2018
}

@mastersthesis{caudill2020prostitution,
  abstract = {This thesis examines the issues of sex trafficking in South Africa and the Netherlands through an investigation of the relevant policies and laws on sex trafficking and prostitution in the context of existing international human rights instruments. It also addresses the evolution of human rights policy in the context of trafficking for sexual exploitation, analyzing the crime through a feminist exchange theory lens and Wallerstein’s (2013) world system analysis. This research centers on the relationship between international law and national law, concentrating on the socio-political forces and the enforcement of those laws. Policy effectiveness is measured through quantitative data on sexual exploitation provided by the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (2018) and opinion data provided by the European Values Study (2019) and the World Values Survey (2014).},
  address = {Boone},
  author = {Caudill, Sarah Grace},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 52,
  school = {Appalachian State University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Prostitution and trafficking for sexual exploitation: a case study of the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of the Netherlands},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Caudill_Sarah_Spring%202020_Thesis.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{ezcurra2019quality,
  abstract = {This paper examines the role played by spatial spillovers in shaping the regional distribution of quality of government across the European Union. To do so, we construct an hybrid spatial weights matrix combining geographical, technological and social distances between the European regions. Our results reveal that the quality of government in neighbouring regions has a positive and statistically significant effect on one region's quality of government, which highlights the relevance of spatial effects in this context. This finding is robust to the inclusion in the analysis of different variables that may affect regional governance. Likewise, the observed effect of neighbouring regions does not depend on the specific dimension of governance considered, the spatial weights matrix used to describe the spatial linkages between the European regions, or the the econometric specification employed to capture the nature of spatial spillovers. Our results also show that policy innovations related to governance spread from regions with high and intermediate levels of quality of government.},
  address = {Pamplona},
  author = {Ezcurra, Roberto and Rios, Vicente},
  institution = {Universidad Publica de Navarra, Department of Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 35,
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Quality of government in the European regions. Do spatial spillovers matter?},
  year = 2019
}

@article{crnogorac2020determinants,
  abstract = {In this paper, we perform an empirical analysis on the determinants of tax morale in former Yugoslavian countries, including both individuals’ attributes and contextual variables. We use survey data from the 2008 European Values Study as well as fiscal and economic macro-data. Our results reveal that the outcomes for individual-level variables are in line with the previous scientific literature. Moreover, the results on contextual variables and the interactions associated with tax burden and economic freedom provide new insights concerning tax morale in these countries. },
  author = {Crnogorac, Marko and Lago-Peñas, Santiago},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/00128775.2019.1671868},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2019.1671868},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Eastern European Economics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {174-196},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Determinants of Tax Morale in Former Yugoslavian Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2019.1671868},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2020
}

@article{ortmanns2020explaining,
  abstract = {Surveys measuring the same concept using the same measure on the same population at the same point in time should result in highly similar results. If this is not the case, this is a strong sign of lacking reliability, resulting in non-comparable data across surveys. Looking at the education variable, previous research has identified inconsistencies in the distributions of harmonised education variables, using the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), across surveys within the same countries and years. These inconsistencies are commonly explained by differences in the measurement, especially in the response categories of the education question, and in the harmonisation when classifying country-specific education categories into ISCED. However, other methodological characteristics of surveys, which we regard as ‘containers’ for several characteristics, may also contribute to this finding. We compare the education distributions of nine cross-national surveys with the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), which is used as benchmark. This study analyses 15 survey characteristics to better explain the inconsistencies. The results confirm a predominant effect of the measurement instrument and harmonisation. Different sampling designs also explain inconsistencies, but to a lesser degree. Finally, we discuss the results and limitations of the study and provide ideas for improving data comparability.},
  access-dc = {open access},
  author = {Ortmanns, Verena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11473 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.12252 ; 10.4232/1.12661},
  doi = {10.2478/jos-2020-0020},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5236 v2.0.1 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA5800 v3.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Official Statistics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {379-409},
  study = {EU-SILC 2010 ; EU-LFS 2008-2012},
  study-id = {EB73.2+73.3 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP2011 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Explaining Inconsistencies in the Education Distributions of Ten Cross-National Surveys – the Role of Methodological Survey Characteristics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/jos-2020-0020},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2020
}

@article{newland2019orgenes,
  abstract = {The Anglosphere, Northern Europe and the Sinosphere are conglomerates of countries that include populations that manifest the highest degree of pro-market ideology. These nations tend to have institutions that are conducive to economic efficiency. Following F. Hayek’s intuition, this paper presents the hypothesis that the capitalist mentality of these countries originates in their historical agrarian structures, given that they all included many economic agents accustomed to actively interacting in the market without strong restrictions. This situation generated an understanding and acceptance of the operation and virtues of competitive economies. In the rest of the world, by contrast, a large part of the rural population was marked by feudal constraints or suffered from strong communal, tribal, and governmental interference; another part were proletarians or slaves in large plantations or haciendas. This condition provoked passivity in laborers, since they perceived their actions to be limited to a large extent by other agents or organizations. This passivity translated into a mentality that had a higher propensity for the acceptance of government intervention.},
  author = {Newland, Carlos},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0326-3398},
  journal = {Cultura económica},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 98,
  pages = {11-30},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Los orígenes de la mentalidad capitalista y los agentes económicos activos: una hipótesis global (The origins of capitalist mentality and active economic agents: a global hypothesis)},
  url = {https://erevistas.uca.edu.ar/index.php/CECON/article/view/2728},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2019
}

@article{kaasa2019determinants,
  abstract = {The main aim of this multilevel analysis is to examine both personal values and cultural context as possible determinants of the individual-level social capital. The data pertaining to over 56,000 respondents from 85 regions are analysed with the help of multilevel regression analysis. The novelty of this article lies in incorporating a systematic approach covering many social capital dimensions, a multilevel analysis of the individual-level social capital including cultural context and also involving personal values as possible determinants of the individual-level social capital. The findings show that cultural context is important for individuals’ social capital and the results even imply that cultural context is more important in determining the level of individuals’ social capital than personal values. Some of the supposed impact of the communist past or the religious context on the level of social capital can be captured and explained by the cultural dimensions as well.},
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  doi = {10.14254/2071- 8330.2019/12-1/1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of International Studies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {9-32},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Determinants of individual-level social capital: Culture and personal values},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14254/2071- 8330.2019/12-1/1},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{kranendonk2019ontwikkeling,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Kranendonk, Maria and Mulder, Laura and Thijs, Paula and Wanders, Frank and ten Dam, Geert and van der Meer, Tom and van de Werfhorst, Herman},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Universiteit van Amsterdam},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {other},
  pages = 77,
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {De ontwikkeling van democratische kernwaarden},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/5d3448c9-9a30-4de5-a937-a504a51f1e74},
  year = 2019
}

@article{jabkowski2019zrnicowanie,
  abstract = {This article presents differences in sampling procedures and fieldwork execution of national surveys within five major comparative cross-country projects, i.e., Eurobarometer/Candidate Countries Eurobarometer, the European Quality of Life Survey, the European Social Survey, the European Values Study and the International Social Survey Programme. The main part of the analysis is based on a dataset describing the methodology of 1537 surveys that were carried out in the period from 1981 to 2017 on representative samples of the populations of European countries. The author starts with a short overview of a cross-country project and then presents the scope of methodological archivisation of sampling and fieldwork procedures. Cross-projects and longitudinal differences in the quality of survey documentation are also explained. The main analysis describes the cross- and within-project differences in survey procedures with respect to 1) target populations, 2) sampling frames, 3) types of survey samples and sampling designs, 4) within-household selection of target persons in address-based samples, 5) fieldwork execution (e.g., length of fieldwork, modes of data collection, presence or absence of substitutions, use of advance letters and respondents’ incentives, presence of refusal conversions or back-checking procedures), and 6) fieldwork outcome rates.},
  author = {Jabkowski, Piotr},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.1490 ; 10.4232/1.1620 ; 10.4232/1.1680 ; 10.4232/1.1700 ; 10.4232/1.1840 ; 10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2150 ; 10.4232/1.2310 ; 10.4232/1.2450 ; 10.4232/1.2620 ; 10.4232/1.2880 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.3090 ; 10.4232/1.3190 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.3440 ; 10.4232/1.3680 ; 10.4232/1.11564 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.11648 ; 10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.10079 ; 10.4232/1.13161 ; 10.4232/1.12777 ; 10.4232/1.13271 ; 10.4232/1.12252 ; 10.4232/1.12661 ; 10.4232/1.12312 ; 10.4232/1.12590 ; 10.4232/1.12848 ; 10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.12847 ; 10.4232/1.3986},
  doi = {10.26485/PS/2019/68.1/1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1490 ; ZA1620 ; ZA1680 ; ZA1700 ; ZA1840 ; ZA1950 ; ZA2150 ; ZA2310 ; ZA2450 ; ZA2620 ; ZA2880 ; ZA2900 ; ZA3090 ; ZA3190 ; ZA3430 ; ZA3440 ; ZA3680 ; ZA3880 ; ZA3910 ; ZA3950 ; ZA4350 ; ZA4700 ; ZA4850 ; ZA4950 ; ZA5400 ; ZA5500 ; ZA5800 ; ZA5900 ; ZA5950 ; ZA6670 ; ZA6770 ; ZA4804 ; ZA6863 ; ZA3986},
  issn = {2450-9351},
  journal = {Przegląd Socjologiczny},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {polish},
  number = 1,
  pages = {9-38},
  study-id = {ISSP1985 ; ISSP1986 ; ISSP1987 ; ISSP1988 ; ISSP1989 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1992 ; ISSP1993 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP1997 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2000 ; ISSP2001 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2005 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2010 ; ISSP2011 ; ISSP2012 ; ISSP2013 ; ISSP2014 ; ISSP2015 ; EVS1981-2008 ; EB87.3 ; CCEB2003.4},
  title = {Zróżnicowanie praktyk sondażowych w międzykrajowych badaniach porównawczych na podstawie archiwizacji 1537 surveyów zrealizowanych w krajach europejskich w latach 1981–2017 [The differentiation of survey procedures in cross-country comparative studies on the basis of 1537 surveys conducted in European countries in the period from 1981 to 2017]},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26485/PS/2019/68.1/1},
  volume = 68,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{vileyn2017diversity,
  abstract = {The argument that the European Union (EU) suffers from a democratic defi cit is commonly defended by the argument that as a polity, it is too diverse. This raises the question of whether other heterogeneous polities are democratically illegitimate as well. We examine democratic support by analyzing the conditions for perceived democratic legitimacy in diverse and non-diverse polities. First, we show that there is no correlation between diversity and democratic support. Second, we examine the role of decentralization, diversity, the nature of federalism and national pride in federal systems. Again, low diversity is not found to be a relevant condition for democratic support. In addition, combinations of high national pride with dual federalism and low national pride with cooperative federalism are found to be suffi cient for a high perception of democratic legitimacy. In the conclusion, we address the implications of these fi ndings for the EU’s quest to increase its democratic support.},
  address = {Abingdon},
  author = {Vileyn, Matthias and Bursens, Peter},
  booktitle = {Complex Political Decision-Making. Leadership, Legitimacy and Communication},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.11449},
  doi = {10.4324/9781315453538-12},
  editor = {Bursens, Peter and Landtsheer, Christ'l De and Braeckmans, Luc and Segaert, Barbara},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA3910 v2.1.0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {59-76},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP2003},
  title = {Diversity and democratic legitimacy in the EU: what can we learn from other federal systems?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315453538-12},
  year = 2017
}

@article{grimes2016subjective,
  abstract = {We study the association between fiscal policy and subjective wellbeing using fiscal data on 34 countries across 129 country-years, combined with over 170,000 people’s subjective wellbeing scores. While past research has found that ‘distortionary taxes’ (e.g. income taxes) are associated with slow growth relative to ‘non-distortionary’ taxes (GST/VAT), we find that distortionary taxes are associated with higher levels of subjective wellbeing than non-distortionary taxes. This relationship holds when we control for macro-economic variables and country fixed effects. If this relationship is causal, it would offer an explanation as to why governments pursue these policies that harm economic growth. We find that richer people’s subjective wellbeing is less harmed by indirect taxes than people with lower incomes, while “unproductive expenditure” is associated with higher wellbeing for the middle class relative to others, possibly reflecting middle class capture. We see little evidence for differential effects of fiscal policy on people living in different sized settlements. Devolving a portion of expenditure to subnational government is associated with higher subjective wellbeing but devolving tax collection to subnational government is associated with monotonically lower subjective wellbeing.},
  author = {Grimes, Arthur and Ormsby, Judd and Robinson, Anna and Wong, Siu Yuat},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.18335/region.v3i1.121},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {REGION},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {43-69},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Subjective Wellbeing Impacts of National and Subnational Fiscal Policies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v3i1.121},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2016
}

@techreport{larsson2019civil,
  abstract = {Public procurement involves large sums of public funds and is major component of public sector fiscal activity. For this very reason, procurement is vulnerable to corruption, as it presents both motive and opportunities for corruption. The broader corruption literature has pointed to civil society as a key set of actors in monitoring and detecting corruption in the public sector, but whether it can and does so in procurement processes remains an open question. This study takes on this question, exploring claims put forth in previous research that the ability of civil society to bring corrupt officials to account is contingent on contextual factors. The study examines both the unconditioned relationship between civil society strength and corruption in procurement, as well as the relationship conditional upon levels of transparency, meritocracy, and local media in 175 EU regions. The results suggest that relationship between civil society strength and corruption in procurement is not monotonic, but, counter to findings in previous research, that the effect seems to exist where conditions are less favourable, rather than more favourable. Civil society exhibits a negative association with procurement corruption in regions with comparatively lower transparency and meritocracy. The results suggest that institutions not only affect the ability of civil society to demand accountability, but also its willingness to do so.},
  address = {Göteborg},
  author = {Larsson, Fredrik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {University of Gothenburg, Quality of Government Institute (QoG)},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = 58,
  series = {QoG Working paper serie},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Can Civil Society curb Corruption in Public Procurement? A comparative study of the conditional effect of societal accountability in EU regions},
  url = {https://qog.pol.gu.se/digitalAssets/1741/1741715_2019_11_larsson.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{prokhoda2020,
  address = {Moskau, Russland},
  author = {Prokhoda, V. A.},
  booktitle = {Экология человека и природы в информационно-технической среде (ЭкоМир-10): 10-я Международная научная конференция (Мытищи – Москва, 5–6 июня 2019 г.): материалы конференции},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  eventdate = {05.-06.06.2019},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {173-174},
  publisher = {Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Экологическая культура россиян (по материалам сравнительного социологического исследования)},
  url = {https://mf.bmstu.ru/info/science/conf/2019/ecomir10/docs/ecomir10_materials.pdf#page=174},
  year = 2020
}

@article{baniamin2019linking,
  abstract = {Several non-OECD countries have relatively low socio-economic performance, poor governance, and a fair amount of corruption among civil servants, yet their citizens report higher trust in the civil services than do citizens in OECD countries. To understand this mismatch, this study provides an explanation, arguing that an authoritarian cultural orientation in some societies can contribute to citizens having relatively high institutional trust despite the poor performance and weak governance of public institutions. Based on country-representative survey data from three South Asian countries (Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka), the argument is that because of such an orientation, a hierarchical relationship is developed with the authorities which generates natural obedience to them. This, in turn, contributes to their higher level of institutional trust. },
  author = {Baniamin, Hasan Muhammad},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/23276665.2019.1658926},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2019.1658926},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {127-141},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Linking socio-economic performance, quality of governance, and trust in the civil service: does culture intercede in the perceived relationships? Evidence from and beyond Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2019.1658926},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2019
}

@article{gugushvili2020social,
  abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that popular disaffection with liberal-democratic norms and institutions has been growing in different regions of the world, but studying the social origins of democratic versus authoritarian political preferences are especially relevant in countries with immature democratic practices. The main concern of this article is the association between intergenerational social mobility and support for democracy in post-socialist societies. I present a theoretical framework in which individuals’ political attitudes are affected by their intergenerational social mobility experiences. I model this theoretical argument using two complementary data-sets and various multivariable and multilevel statistical techniques. The results indicate that intergenerational social mobility, particularly its subjective perception, has statistically significant links with attitudes towards democracy and that this association is moderated by the attained level of democracy in the country where an individual resides. This may suggest that studying social origins of support for democracy by means of intergenerational social mobility can be an important tool to understand the conundrum of democratisation and democratic backsliding in post-socialist societies.},
  author = {Gugushvili, Alexi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1080/03906701.2020.1776918},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Review of Sociology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {376-396},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Social origins of support for democracy: a study of intergenerational mobility},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2020.1776918},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{pitlik2019radical,
  abstract = {Debates about the appropriate role of markets and governments are often shaped by sharply contrasting opinions. Based on individual data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study for up to 190,000 respondents in a sample of 68 democratic countries, we find that social trust is associated with tempered attitudes regarding government intervention and redistribution. Results corroborate ideas from socio-psychological research that trusting people have personality attributes which work towards a moderation on politically divisive topics. Complementary to the existing literature on political polarisation, this opens the possibility that trusting societies may be superior at implementing controversial policy reforms because social trust reduces the probability of extreme attitude formation.},
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Pitlik, Hans and Rode, Martin},
  institution = {Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 594,
  pages = 22,
  series = {WIFO Working Papers},
  study = {EVS/WVS},
  title = {Radical Distrust: Are Economic Policy Attitudes Tempered by Social Trust?},
  url = {http://www.wifo.ac.at/wwa/pubid/62259},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{stamps2019hallelujah,
  abstract = {A few scholars have argued that a positive relationship between church involvement and trust in the government exists. Although, they focus mostly upon religion and morality in combination with authority and respect. So far, we only know very little about this relationship and its explanations. To what extent is there a relationship between church involvement and trust in the government, and how could this be explained? To answer that question, the European Values Study from 2008 is used and a cross-national study has been done. This study shows that there is a little positive relationship, but that church involvement only explains a small part of the reason why people have trust in the government.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Stamps, Christel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Tilburg University},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 42,
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Hallelujah! Why do people trust the government? A cross-national study about the relationship between church involvement and trust in the government},
  url = {http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=149033},
  year = 2019
}

@book{graaf2019societal,
  abstract = {Corruption, crime, economic inequality, religious fundamentalism, financial crises, environmental degradation, population ageing, gender inequality, large-scale migration… This book tackles many of the most pressing problems facing societies today. The authors demonstrate that similar social mechanisms lie behind many of these seemingly disparate problems. Indeed, many societal problems can be traced back to behaviours that are perfectly rational and often well-intended from an individual perspective. Yet, taken together these behaviours can – paradoxically – give rise to unintended and undesirable outcomes at the society level. In addition to addressing the causes of societal problems, the book explains why some problems rank higher on the public agenda than others. Moreover, it is shown how government intervention may sometimes provide a cure, yet other times exacerbate existing problems or create new problems of its own. This book includes an extensive amount of data on trends and geographic variation in the prevalence of different problems, as well as telling examples – both recent and historical – from a variety of countries to support its key arguments. Employing a bold multidisciplinary approach, the authors draw on insights from across the social sciences, including sociology, economics, anthropology, criminology, and psychology. Throughout the book, students are introduced to analytical concepts such as free-riding, herding behaviour, principal-agent relations and moral hazard. These concepts are essential tools for better understanding the roots of many societal problems that regularly make headlines in the news. This improved understanding will, in turn, be critical for ultimately finding solutions to these problems.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Graaf, Nan Dirk de and Wiertz, Dingeman},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791},
  doi = {10.4324/9781351063463},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9781138480209},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1981},
  title = {Societal Problems As Public Bads},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351063463},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{hahnlaudenberg2019religion,
  address = {Münster},
  author = {Hahn-Laudenberg, Katrin and Abs, Hermann Josef},
  booktitle = {Religion and Educational Research: National Traditions and Transnational Perspectives},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {135-150},
  publisher = {Waxmann Verlag},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religion in Research on Citizenship Education. The Perspective of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS)},
  year = 2019
}

@article{marozau2020entrepreneurial,
  abstract = {The impact of entrepreneurial activity on economic growth is not unconditional. At the same time, it is impossible to explain how technology or knowledge can determine total factor productivity without taking into account the role of entrepreneurial activity in innovation. The article examines the relationship between different types of entrepreneurial activity and economic development, as well as factors that determine the role of entrepreneurship in the economy. The author emphasizes that in addition to formal institutional factors, such as legislation, informal factors are important for the development of the private sector – norms and values in society, which are formed, among other things, in the education system and within the framework of state policy to support entrepreneurship.},
  author = {Marozau, Radzivon},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Банкаўскі веснік},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {80-84},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Предпринимательская активность как детерминант кономического развития (Entrepreneurial activities as a determinant of economic development)},
  url = {http://www.beroc.by/webroot/delivery/files/pp83.pdf},
  volume = 680,
  year = 2020
}

@inproceedings{mazeikaite2019transformations,
  address = {Vilnius },
  author = {Mažeikaitė, Daiva},
  booktitle = {Social transformations in contemporary society (STICS 2019) : proceedings of an annual international conference for young researchers, Mykolas Romeris university},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4460 ; 10.4232/1.3811 ; 10.4232/1.10163},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v2.0.0 ; ZA3811 v2.0.0 ; ZA4768 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {9-10},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Transformations of work values of the Lithuanian Society in period 1990 – 2008},
  url = {https://epublications.vu.lt/object/elaba:40545426/40545426.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{augustin2019chance,
  abstract = {This paper proposes a method to study the relationship between voters' attitudes towards immigration and the educational attainment of immigrants and their children, and applies it to Austrian data. We measure attitudes towards immigration using data on political parties' positions regarding immigration and the share of votes that each party received at the regional level. We then study the educational attainment and intergenerational educational mobility of immigrants who grew up in the regions whose political environment we observe. Preliminary results for Austria suggest that, surprisingly, better attitudes towards migration are associated with lower educational attainment for immigrants. However, immigrants are more likely than their native peers to obtain more education than their parents. Here, the returns to more positive attitudes towards immigration play a large role in explaining the mobility gap across migration background.},
  address = {Vienna},
  author = {Augustin, Sophie and Rroshi, Daniela and Schneebaum, Alyssa},
  institution = {WU Vienna University of Economics and Business},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 287,
  pages = 27,
  series = {Department of Economics Working Paper Series},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {A Chance for Change? Social Attitudes Towards Immigration and the Educational Opportunity of Immigrants' Children},
  url = {http://epub.wu.ac.at/id/eprint/7043},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{wojcik2019right,
  abstract = {The left-right political auto-identification has been used widely in the socio-political research for interpreting and organizing political attitudes and opinions. In this paper we analyse whether the meaning of the left-right orientation is the same in Eastern and Western Europe after the transformation in 1989. Using data from two big European survey programmes – European Social Survey & European Values Study – we show that while citizens’ support for economic liberalism is positively related to their left-right political auto-identification, citizens’ support for cultural liberalism is negatively related to it. Importantly, however, we also found evidence for the regional diversity hypothesis, which shows this pattern was more prominent among the citizens of Western European countries than among the citizens of Eastern European countries. Presented results confirm the specificity of Eastern Europe when it comes to relations between political auto-identification and other beliefs linked to it traditionally and imply that the concept of left-right political auto-identification cannot be transferred mechanically between Eastern and Western Europe.},
  author = {Wojcik, Adrian D and Cislak, Aleksandra and Schmidt, Peter},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.31234/osf.io/a2jxf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  institution = {PsyArXiv},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 31,
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Left and Right Political Orientation in Eastern and Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/a2jxf},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{kolczynska2019survey,
  abstract = {This chapter focuses on research within the Harmonization Project and develops a schema for evaluating survey quality as reflected in the general documentation of a given survey. This schema takes into account stages of survey design and implementation crucial for yielding high quality data, which a given survey's documentation should report on. The chapter discusses whether the descriptive documentation that accompanies each data file provides information about the completion of the stages the schema identifies. It utilizes the variables to analyze differences among surveys with regard to their quality as reflected in the documentation. The chapter discusses how documentation can be improved and shows how researchers can best make use of it. It focuses on five stages of the survey process that investigators should have information on to decide whether given cross‐national surveys meet their research needs. These are sampling, response rate, questionnaire translation, pretesting, and fieldwork control.},
  address = {Hoboken},
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta and Schoene, Matthew},
  booktitle = {Advances in Comparative Survey Methods : Multinational, Multiregional, and Multicultural Contexts (3MC)},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118884997.ch44},
  editor = {Johnson, Timothy P. and Pennell, Beth-Ellen and Stoop, Ineke A. L. and Dorer, Brita},
  isbn = {9781118884980},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {963-984},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  series = {Wiley Series in Survey Methodology},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {Survey Data Harmonization and the Quality of Data Documentation in Cross‐national Surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118884997.ch44},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{schubert2020rooted,
  abstract = {Religious groups could play a major role in enabling the world’s societies and individuals to address climate change as they are major social institutions with economic, institutional and political resources and could mobilise millions of adherents. However, research examining the effect of religion on climate change concerns found that Christians and in particular Protestants are less concerned about climate change than the non-religious. This study extends the existing research by exploring the relationship between membership of three religious affiliations – Catholics, Protestants and Muslims – and climate change concern in Europe using data from the 2008 European Values Study. Applying ordered logistic regression models revealed that Catholics, Protestants and Muslims are less likely to be highly concerned about climate change compared with non-religious respondents. This effect is mediated by right-wing political ideology for Protestants and Catholics but not for Muslims. Further analysis showed that the effect of being religious is weaker for individuals who are altruistically minded. Even though religions become more pro-environmental and engaged with climate change and its impacts, these results suggest that adherents fail to identify with this issue. More research is needed to draw practical implications and help religious institutions to find effective strategies to integrate adherents in the fight against climate change.},
  address = {Bamberg},
  author = {Schubert, Annika},
  booktitle = {Nationalismus und Globalisierung. Spannungsfelder der Gegenwart},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Brand, Alexander and Schubert, Annika and Schubert, Daniel and Wiesinger, Jakob},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-86309-733-2},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {69-122},
  publisher = {University of Bamberg Press},
  series = {Studentische Schriften zu den Sozialwissenschaften},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Rooted in Belief? An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Religion on Climate Change Concerns in Europe},
  url = {https://fis.uni-bamberg.de/bitstream/uniba/47297/3/fisba47297.pdf},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2020
}

@article{carrilesalvarez2019efecto,
  abstract = {From the end of the 1990’s and the beginning of the 2000’s, Latin American region experienced the largest female labor force participation growth in the world. Recent literature (Camou, 2015; Chioda, 2016; Gasparini & Marchionni, 2015; Klasen, 2018; Serrano, Gasparini, Marchionni, & Gluzmann, 2018) conclude that marriage and fertility trends, economic growth and education as important determinants, but agree to the need to analyze women preferences and social factors also as contributing elements. This study contributes to the literature by studying these two factors in the region, from the viewpoint of Akerlof & Kranton’s (2000) Identity Economic Theory, and Welzel’s (2013b) Emancipative Values Theory. Exploiting World Values Survey data and European Values Study, this investigation developed a probabilistic regression model where women’s preference towards egalitarian views as workingwoman is analyzed as Women’s Identity, and social constraints upon gender equality is analyzed integrating a Women’s Emancipative Values indicator. This work also compares Latin American countries results with OECD countries to note differences between the groups. We conclude that Women’s Identity and Women’s Emancipative Value are strong positive statistically significant determinants of FLFP. When compared with OECD countries, we also conclude that women in the two groups of countries share similar self views as workingwoman, but Latin America still has social constraints at play that are limiting FLFP in the region.},
  author = {Carriles Álvarez, Alonso and Beltrán-Godoy, Jaime Humberto and Mata Mata, Leovardo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Nova scientia},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 22,
  pages = {323-356},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {El efecto de la identidad y los valores emancipativos de las mujeres en la participación laboral femenina: una comparación entre América Latina y países de la OCDE (The effect of women’s identity and emancipative values in female labor force participation: a comparison between Latin American and OECD countries)},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{riveragarrido2019three,
  abstract = {En esta tesis se estudian temas de educación y economía laboral. Por un lado, el primer capítulo tiene como objetivo estimar el efecto causal de la educación en las actitudes acerca del rol de género (en concreto, si las mujeres tienen que abandonar el mercado laboral para cuidar de la familia, y si los hombres tienen más derecho que las mujeres a un empleo). Para ello, utilizo reformas educativas que aumentan el número de años de educación obligatoria para obtener una fuente de variación exógena que se puede utilizar como un instrumento para la educación. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Social Europea para 14 países europeos, observamos que las reformas educativas ciertamente aumentan los años de escolaridad, pero solo para personas de una familia con bajo nivel educativo (en particular, las mujeres). Los resultados indican que, para este grupo, un año adicional de educación reduce significativamente la probabilidad de estar de acuerdo con el rol tradicional de género de las mujeres en más de 11 puntos porcentuales. El segundo capítulo estudia el impacto en la fertilidad de una política que otorga a los migrantes un estatus legal basado en la nacionalidad de su descendencia. Nuestra atención se centra en España, donde el Real Decreto de 2011 reconoció la capacidad de los padres indocumentados para convertirse en residentes legales en caso de tener un niño español menor de 18 años. Usando un enfoque cuasi-experimental que explota el cambio en los requisitos de elegibilidad de residencia legal, mostramos que el Real Decreto de 2011 incrementó la fertilidad entre las personas potencialmente afectadas por la reforma en aproximadamente el 34 por ciento. En el tercer capítulo, estudio el fenómeno de la sobreeducación en España. La sobreeducación, definida como tener un nivel educativo superior al que es necesario para el trabajo, es un fenómeno del mercado laboral que tiene una incidencia especial en España. En principio, la sobreeducación no tiene por qué ser un problema si es transitoria, pero cuando se vuelve persistente puede ocasionar importantes efectos negativos en la economía. Este artículo investiga la persistencia de la sobreeducación mediante la explotación de datos de la Muestra Continua Vidas Laborales aplicando modelos de duración. Al controlar por las características observadas, encuentro evidencia a favor de la hipótesis que sostiene que la sobreeducación es un fenómeno persistente en España.},
  address = {San Vicente del Raspeig},
  author = {Rivera Garrido, Noelia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  pages = 134,
  school = {Universidad de Alicante},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Three Essays in the Economics of Education and Labor Economics},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10045/97891},
  year = 2019
}

@article{batinti2020economic,
  abstract = {We examine whether economic downturns are linked to the distribution of population income giving rise to an observed “middle class squeeze.” We test this hypothesis using a novel and unique dataset using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) and allowing us to construct alternative definitions of middle class, such as income-based measures, including labor income based, and perceived measures from the Integrated Values Study (IVS). Our findings suggest that, although recessions are not consistently correlated with middle class squeeze overall, the more unanticipated shocks resulting from the Great Recession show consistently through several definitions, a negative and robust conditional correlation. Furthermore, we find that recessions are positively correlated with the share of the population that regards itself as “middle class.” Estimates are heterogeneous to the baseline unemployment at the time of a recession, country spending on social protection, to middle class measures and definitions.},
  author = {Batinti, Alberto and Costa-Font, Joan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1111/ecpo.12145},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Economics & Politics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {335-355},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Do economic recessions “squeeze the middle class”?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12145},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{lenz2020model,
  abstract = {Swedish model of family policy as an inspiration for Czechia Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare the development and current setting of Swedish and Czech family policy. The reason for the comparison of the state systems in the area of family support is the potential inspiration in the measures or direction of Swedish family policy in Czechia. Like the Czech model, the Swedish model of family policy is based on financial compensation for families. In addition, it provides government services (e.g. an extensive network of quality childcare centers) and the conceptuality in which Czech family policy lags. Demographic indicators examine the fertility of women in selected states in the context of family policy development. Selected indicators of female fertility show the influence of family policy in Czechia and Sweden. Besides other things the thesis deals with attitudes and opinions of inhabitants within the family values. These views were analysed based on the respondents' answers in the longitudinal research The European Values Study (EVS). Following the example of Sweden, support for the harmonization of maternity and working life or the involvement of fathers in childcare should be initially increased.},
  address = {Prag},
  author = {Lenz, Patrik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  school = {Univerzita Karlova},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Švédský model rodinné politiky jako inspirace pro Česko (Swedish model of family policy as an inspiration for Czechia)},
  type = {Diplomarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/118331},
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{stumpfl2020gender,
  abstract = {Literature on the wives relative income distribution shows that there is a significant drop at the point in the distribution where the wife starts to earn more than her husband. While part of the literature attributes a bunching of couples at this point to the existence of a male breadwinner norm, which states that a wife must not earn more than her husband, others highlight possible explanations unrelated to gender norms. Using Austrian administrative data, I find a significant negative discontinuity of 14.1 percent at the 50 percent threshold in the wives relative income distribution. There is no evidence that this drop is caused by a gender norm. The bunching is rather created by equal-earning couples, which work in the same firm. I do not conclude that there does not exist a male breadwinner norm in Austria. Yet, I demonstrate that it cannot be shown by a drop in the wives relative income distribution. An analysis of systematic income misreporting of wives and husbands shows weak evidence that Austrian couples behave in accordance with the norm.},
  address = {Linz},
  author = {Stumpfl, Sophie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Universität Linz},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Gender Norms and Within-Couple Income Distribution in Austria},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://epub.jku.at/obvulihs/content/titleinfo/5669052},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{zhirkov2019human,
  abstract = {revious research has provided substantial support for the modernization theory by demonstrating that societies with high levels of human security are significantly less religious than societies with low levels of human security. This study presents a stronger assessment of the theory by testing a hypothesis that society’s level of human security also shapes trends in religious commitment over time. In our analysis, we use repeated cross-sectional survey data from 65 countries covering the 33-year time span from 1981 to 2014. Our empirical design draws on multilevel regression modeling in predicting country-level differences in religious change. Our findings demonstrate that high levels of human security were significantly linked with decline in religiosity during this period whereas low levels of security, conversely, were associated with rising emphasis on religion. The collapse of the prevailing belief system that occurred in ex-communist countries during this period tended to produce growing emphasis on religion, but the extent to which this happened depended on society’s level of human security. Overall, our results provide strong support for the revised version of secularization theory, which claims that declining religiosity depends on high levels human security.},
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Zhirkov, Kirill and Inglehart, Ronald F.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3504661},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v4.0.0},
  institution = {National Research University Higher School  of Economics (HSE)},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {WP BRP 92/SOC/2019},
  pages = 17,
  series = {Higher School of Economics Research Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Human Security And Religious Change: An Analysis of 65 Societies Across 1981–2014},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3504661},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{fahey2019european,
  abstract = {This report maps the data available on attitudes to equality and human rights issues in Ireland collected in European surveys over the period 2000 to 2018. These surveys provide a rich source of evidence for researchers and policymakers in Ireland. We identify a total of 1,509 relevant questions from a search of over 125 attitude surveys. These questions are categorised according to the groups and topics addressed. We find that attitudes towards minority ethnic/nationality groups, gender/gender roles and social welfare recipients are the most widely covered. Questions on attitudes towards religious minorities, age groups/ageism, family status, disability and sexual orientation are much less common. Moreover, while the frequency of attitude questions relating to sexual orientation has increased over the period, questions on age and disability groups have declined. Within these equality groups the surveys cover a range of topics including social distance, social contact, tolerance and policy preferences. Questions on experiencing or witnessing discrimination are also regularly included in European questionnaires: a total of 359 such questions are identified over the period studied. Again, coverage is greatest for gender and ethnicity/nationality groups; however, the third most common set of questions concerns discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. We identify a data gap in discrimination on the grounds of social welfare receipt or social class. Intersectionality – that is the way in which the combination of equality characteristics e.g. gender and ethnicity, may be associated with differential treatment or in this case viewed differently by others – is rarely covered in the surveys we assessed. The research highlights the availability of data that can be analysed to provide insights into where policy efforts to reduce prejudice and discrimination might best be targeted. Analysis of such questions can also highlight which policies are more likely to encounter public resistance or support. The report also discusses some of the strengths and limitations of attitudinal surveys for addressing equality and human rights issues and draws out some lessons for questionnaire design.},
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Fahey, Éamonn and O’Brien, Doireann and Russell, Helen and McGinnity, Frances},
  institution = {Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 77,
  series = {Research Series},
  study = {Eurobarometer 2000-2018},
  title = {European Survey Data on Attitudes to Equality and Human Rights},
  url = {https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTA83.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{langsaether2019bottles,
  abstract = {In both public and scholarly debates, globalisation has recently been accredited with a massive impact on the political preferences and electoral behaviour of Western citizens. Some go as far as to declare a new cleavage between winners and losers of globalisation, driven, for example, by individuals’ exposure to international competition and their degree of national as opposed to cosmopolitan identification. Extant tests of this argument have, however, relied on class and education as proxies for these processes. In contrast, this study provides a direct test of the influence of the globalisation processes on attitudes to economic distribution, the European Union and immigration as well as on vote choice across nine West European countries. The results show that variables tapping the core aspects of globalisation have relatively little impact on attitudes and vote choice; are largely unable to account for the effects of class and education; and do not seem to lead to the establishment of new divisions between winners and losers within or across classes. Rather, the winners and losers of globalisation seem to be the traditional winners and losers with respect to material positions and political influence in modern Western societies – that is, those placed higher as opposed to lower in the class and education hierarchies. In this way, the proposed cleavage between winners and losers of globalisation may seem to be rather much like old wine in new bottles.},
  author = {Langsaether, Peter Egge and Stubager, Rune},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12332},
  eprint = {https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12332},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1213-1233},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Old wine in new bottles? Reassessing the effects of globalisation on political preferences in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12332},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2019
}

@book{andolfatto2019partis,
  abstract = {Les partis politiques, historiquement et intrinsèquement liés au développement de la démocratie, sont de nos jours souvent décriés, présentés comme en crise, voire rejetés sans autre forme de procès... Ce livre se propose de mettre en évidence la manière dont le phénomène partisan et la question démocratique se nourrissent l’un l’autre et évoluent de concert dans la période contemporaine. Cet ouvrage de science politique s’appuie sur des études de cas concrets dans plusieurs pays et régions du monde. Les contributions portent sur des démocraties installées de longue date.},
  address = {Brüssel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Andolfatto, Dominique and Goujon, Alexandra},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-2-8004-1670-0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Les partis politique, ateliers de la démocratie: Science politique},
  year = 2019
}

@article{knopova2019reflexia,
  abstract = {The study deals with the identification of a representative sample of topics that have entered the artistic and social discourse through production work in Slovak repertoire theatres over the last three years (2016 – 2018). It gives them an implicit point of view from the perspective of thematic dramaturgy and so-called post-dramaturgy of feelings, as well as from the perspective of European values recorded in current sociological surveys. The author, by comparing the results of the European Values Study, the goals and values represented by the European Union as a community and the topics raised by the Slovak theatre (the so-called established and repertoire theatres), tries to establish whether or not and if so – how, our theatre communicates through the reflection of the themes and their interpretation with the attitudes of Slovak and European citizens. For example on the issues such as identity, family, threat, tolerance, Islamization of the old continent, protection of democracy, but also legitimization of traditional values liberalisation.},
  author = {Knopová, Elena},
  doi = {doi.org/10.31577/sd-2019-0007},
  issn = {0037-699X},
  journal = {Slovenské divadlo},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {10-128},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Reflexia európskych hodnôt v súčasnom slovenskom divadle},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/sd-2019-0007},
  volume = 67,
  year = 2019
}

@article{shirokanova2020evs2017,
  abstract = {The paper focuses on the attitude of the citizens of European countries to the government online monitoring of public spaces and of electronic personal correspondence. Although the electronic monitoring of public and private online communication is technically feasible, it encounters the public debates about its acceptability and the risks of transforming online communication into a virtual panopticon. The paper discusses sociological explanations of the observed variations in the attitude to various kinds of online social control, including the sociodemographic factors and cross-country differences in the countries of the European Values Study (EVS 2017).},
  author = {Shirokanova, Anna Aleksandrovna and Volchenko, Olesya Viktorovna},
  issn = {1606-1330},
  journal = {Information Society},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {88-96},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {“Большой Брат следит за тобой”: приемлемость государственного онлайн-наблюдения в 30 европейских странах (по данным EVS-2017) (“Big Brother is watching you”: the acceptability of government online monitoring in thirty European countries (according to the EVS 2017))},
  url = {http://infosoc.iis.ru/article/view/466},
  year = 2020
}

@inproceedings{2019,
  abstract = {В последние десятилетия ксенофобски ориентированные движения становятся влиятельными политическими силами повсеместно, включая развитые демократические страны. Разработка эффективной политики, направленной на предупреждение и преодоление ксенофобии, требует ясного понимания детерминирующих ее динамику факторов, которые в настоящее время являются предметом дискуссии среди исследователей социальных процессов. Данное исследование вносит вклад в решение этой фундаментальной задачи, поскольку преследует цель выявления и оценки роли факторов (экономических, демографических, политических), влияющих на изменение степени распространенности ксенофобии по отношению к иностранным мигрантам в России – стране, являющейся одним из мировых центров миграционного притяжения, в контексте развитых западных стран, используя методы факторного и регрессионного анализа и данные WVS и EVS с 1989 по 2018 гг.},
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Якимова, О. А.},
  booktitle = {Будущее социологического знания и вызовы социальных трансформаций (к 90-летию со дня рождения В. А. Ядова). Международная научная конференция Москва, 28–30 ноября 2019 г.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {181-187},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Факторы динамики отношения к иностранным мигрантам в России},
  url = {http://yadov-conf.isras.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Сборник_материалов_конференции_20191127.pdf#page=181},
  year = 2019
}

@book{fuchs2020geltungsbereiche,
  abstract = {"Saskia Fuchs zeigt in ihrer Untersuchung, wie das soziale Kapital – insbesondere soziales Vertrauen – in Deutschland verteilt ist und welche Herausforderungen sowie Lösungsmöglichkeiten bei dessen Messung bestehen. Anhand der Daten des Sozioökonomischen Panels (SOEP) werden die 96 Raumordnungsregionen in Deutschland hinsichtlich ihrer Sozialkapitalausstattung eingeschätzt. Für soziales Vertrauen zeigt sich (noch immer) ein Unterschied zwischen Osten und Westen. Es zeigt sich auch, dass Reziprozitätsnormen und Korruption in Deutschland miteinander verbunden sind." Die ALLBUS-Daten aus dem Jahr 2000, 2002, 2010, 2012, 2014 und 2016 sowie der Sensitiven Regionaldaten werden als Ergänzungsdatensätze für die Analyse verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 35. Fassung, Dezember 2020},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Fuchs, Saskia},
  availability = {18.12.2020},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11138 ; 10.4232/1.10977 ; 10.4232/1.10832 ; 10.4232/1.12345 ; 10.4232/1.10760 ; 10.4232/1.11753 ; 10.4232/1.12288 ; 10.4232/1.12646},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3700 v2.0.0 ; ZA3762 v2.0.0 ; ZA4500 v2.0.0 ; ZA4600 v2.1.0 ; ZA4610 v1.1.0 ; ZA4614 v1.1.1 ; ZA5240 v2.1.0 ; ZA5260},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ALLBUS2002 ; ALLBUS2004 ; ALLBUS2006 ; ALLBUS2008 ; ALLBUS2010 ; ALLBUS2012 ; ALLBUS2014 ; ALLBUSkum1980-2016 - Sensitive Regionaldaten},
  title = {Geltungsbereiche des sozialen Kapitals in Deutschland. Eine Prüfung der Messinvarianz, der Verteilung und der Auswirkung von sozialem Vertrauen, Reziprozität und formalen Netzwerke},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28877-8},
  year = 2020
}

@article{peicheva2019media,
  abstract = {The media are positioned as increasingly important factors in the people civilization formations, competing with the family environment, the education system and other socializing agents. The study of the content aspects of the media ecosystem and the attitudes created for its key manifestations presented in this article is the study of the real role of the media in contemporary Bulgarian society.The purpose of this article is to to reveal the state of the media ecosystem, highlight its environmental problems and trends, and pave the way for future research by using the quantitative and qualitative methods (representative content-analytical research on 900 media units from traditional and online media in a special representative sample and a focused interview among 23 leading scientists and media practitioners).It is an attempt to search for the answers to the key questions that the founder of the media ecology, Neil Postman (2006) puts, namely: What are the moral consequences? ; Are the consequences more humane or anti-human? "We, as a society, earn more than we lose, or lose more than we earn?},
  author = {Peicheva, Dobrinka},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11526 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3799 v3.0.1 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Postmodernism Problems},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {7-61},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Media Ecology – Conceptual and Content Dimensions (МЕДИЙНАТА ЕКОЛОГИЯ – КОНЦЕПТУАЛНИ И  СЪДЪРЖАТЕЛНИ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ)},
  url = {http://pmpjournal.org/index.php/pmp/article/view/168},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2019
}

@article{schaap2020citizens,
  abstract = {Trust in the police is a topic of both scientific and practical relevance. It is therefore surprising that research has so far neglected the police perspective on trust. This article reports on an international comparative attempt to address this issue by not just studying trust in the police, but also police trust-building strategies. Through the notion of a dialogue between citizens and the police, two empirical halves of the study reflected the citizen perspective on trust and the police perspective, respectively. The research was guided by three theoretical traditions: proximity policing, instrumentalism, and procedural justice. The first part of the study aimed to compare a large number of European countries in terms of trust and its determinants. Results showed that trust in the police was mostly determined by procedural justice (or rather, procedural injustice) and that crime rates were unrelated to trust. The relationship between proximity policing and trust was inconclusive. The second empirical part of the study concentrated on police trust-building strategies in England and Wales, Denmark, and the Netherlands, tracing continuities and discontinuities over the span of several decades. Police trust-building strategies are shaped and influenced by a wide variety of factors and actors, showing that public trust in the police is only one aspect of a much larger complex in which context, events and agency play essential roles. This shows that citizens’ trust in the police and police trust-building strategies are subject to fundamentally different logics, seriously complicating the dialogue between the police and the public.},
  author = {Schaap, Dorian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 19,
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Citizens’ trust in the police and police trust-building strategies. Main findings from a comparative, dynamic study},
  url = {http://91.82.159.234/index.php/bulletin/article/view/430/319},
  year = 2020
}

@article{reeskens2011subjective,
  author = {Reeskens, Tim and Wright, Matthew},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0956797611419673},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1460-1462},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Subjective Well-Being and National Satisfaction: Taking Seriously the "Proud of What?" Question},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611419673},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{buchler2019couples,
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Buchler, Sandra},
  booktitle = {New Parents in Europe. Work-Care Practices, Gender Norms and Family Policies},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.4337/9781788972970},
  editor = {Grunow, Daniela and Evertsson, Marie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9781788972963},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {40-67},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Couples in their national context: Gender ideology and maternal labour force attachment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972970},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{veremchuk2020gender,
  abstract = {The aim of this paper is to study the gender pension gap in Europe based on the newest EU-SILC data from 2018 wave. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, it provides evidences on factors shaping the gender pension gap in a large number of EU countries. Secondly, it analyses the relationship between pension gap and (1) coverage by occupational (the second pillar) pensions and (2) gender attitudes. The main factor contributing to gender inequality in pension income is the number of years in employment. The influence of tertiary education is in the direction of increasing the gap, while the effect is opposite when hourly labour income gap is considered. Higher coverage by occupational pensions corresponds to higher gender pension gap. This implies that the privatization of pension plans can lead to conversion of wage gap into pension income gap and reinforce women disadvantage after retirement. Additionally, positive relationship is observed between unexplained portions of pension income gap and labour income gap. This could be a ground of hypothesis that unexplained portions are formed by the same, persistent in time, factors. One of such factors could be gender norms, it is found that countries with more gender equality support have lower unexplained portions of labour income and pension gap.},
  address = {Tartu},
  author = {Veremchuk, Anna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Universitas Tartuensis},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gender gap in pension income: Cross-country analysis and role of gender attitudes},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10062/67938},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{hovi2020lasting,
  abstract = {This paper studies the effects of macroeconomic crises experienced in early adulthood on subjective well-being later in life. Using repeated cross sectional survey data of over 100 000 individuals from 38 countries around the world combined with historical data on macroeconomic circumstances, I find that having experienced a macroeconomic crisis at ages 18 to 25 is detrimental to subjective well-being. This result is in line with earlier literature that focuses on other individual-level outcomes. However, the analysis presented in this paper reveals that outcomes related to individual’s earnings, employment status, family life, and religion cannot fully explain the lasting effect of a macroeconomic crises on well-being. Results on heterogeneous responses show that the negative effect is largest for females and for individuals with low educational attainment.},
  address = {Tampere},
  author = {Hovi, Matti},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Tampere University},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 123,
  series = {Tampere Economic Working Papers},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Lasting Well-being Effects of Early Adulthood Macroeconomic Crises},
  url = {http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-03-1604-4},
  year = 2020
}

@article{matulic2019izabrana,
  abstract = {The article presents attitudes and opinions of Croatian citizens on some current bioethical challenges: on the question of abortion, artificial insemination, euthanasia, suicide, and capital punishment. The results were acquired through the European Values Study (EVS), carried out in 2017. The aforementioned questions constitute only a small portion of the wide spectrum of questions that the EVS-questionnaire was inquiring into in order to study attitudes of Croatian citizens on some fundamental values of human life. Replies to these questions were analysed in terms of gender of examinees and the frequency of attending religious rites. It has been determined that about 80% of examinees identify themselves as Roman Catholics and that about 25% attends religious rites at least once a week. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that about 70% of all examinees approves of artificial insemination. In terms of other aforementioned bioethical questions, about 30 to 40 percent of examinees supports or approves of the Catholic moral position on these questions. There are no significant diﬀerences in value attitudes between men and women. Significant diﬀerences have only been noted among those examinees who attend religious rites more frequently; a fact that shows that religion and religious practice have a large influence on the development of moral attitudes and value orientation. Unfortunately, even this study showed that in the statistical sense the influence of religion on personal moral attitudes is decreasing, since the discrepancy between individual attitudes and oﬃcial Church moral teaching on bioethical questions discussed in this article is increasing. This leads to the conclusion that although three quarters of examinees have declared themselves as Catholics, the results of the study reveal larger or smaller cracks in the presumed unity of declared religious conviction and membership, on the one hand, and expressed value attitude on some current bioethical questions, on the other hand.},
  author = {Matulić, Tonči and Balabanić, Ivan},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {385-409},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Izabrana bioetička pitanja hrvatskog društva prema rezultatima Europskog istraživanja vrednota 2017 (Selected Bioethical Questions in the Croatian Society According to Results of the European Values Study 2017)},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/223158},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2019
}

@article{devic2020stabilnost,
  abstract = {Cilj je rada provjera stabilnosti temeljnih vrijednosti hrvatskih građana od 2008./2009. do 2011. godine u sklopu Schwartzove teorije te od 1999. do 2017./2018. godine u sklopu Inglehartove teorije. Pritom se provjerava je li eventualna promjena univerzalna ili ovisi o sociodemografskim obilježjima (spol, dob I obrazovanje). Rad se temelji na nacionalno reprezentativnim podacima za Hrvatsku iz dva vala Europskoga društvenog istraživanja te tri vala Europske studije vrednota. Rezultati u pogledu osobnih vrijednosti upućuju više na univerzalnu stabilnost nego na promjene od 2008./2009. do 2011. Godine (te mogućnost da promjena ovisi o pojedinim sociodemografskim obilježjima). Za razliku od toga, 2008. godine u odnosu na 1999. i 2017./2018. Godinu zabilježena je privremena I univerzalna (neovisna o sociodemografskim obilježjima) manja zastupljenost postmaterijalističkih vrijednosti. Nalazi o sociodemografskim obilježjima kao izvorima varijacija u vrijednostima potvrđuju dob kao bitan izvor varijacija u osobnim vrijednostima, dok su dobivene vrlo male razlike u osobnim I postmaterijalističkim vrijednostima s obzirom na spol I naobrazbu.},
  author = {Dević, Ivan and Franc, Renata and Dević, Renata Mateša},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11527 ; 10.4232/1.10051 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.5559/di.29.2.05},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.1 ; ZA4800 v1.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Društvena istraživanja : časopis za opća društvena pitanj},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {263-285},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Stabilnost i promjene osobnih i (post)materijalističkih vrijednosti hrvatskih građana},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5559/di.29.2.05},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{yiqing2019better,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the impact of formal institutions on financial inclusion. Our main argument is that the level of financial inclusion is jointly determined by the supply and demand of financial services, both of which are positively influenced by institutional quality. On the supply side, strong institutions strengthen rule of law, investor rights protection and contract enforceability, which incentivize financial institutions to offer more financial services. On the demand side, strong institutions reinforce people’s trust on financial institutions and increases their willingness to make use of financial services. Results from cross-country regressions suggest a positive relationship between formal institutions and financial inclusion. This finding is robust to different measures for institutions and model specifications. Further, we find that the positive impact of formal institutions on financial inclusion is weakened as the degree of existing barriers to finance increases.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Yiqing, Peng and Hermes, Niels and Lensink, Robert},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Centre for Global Finance (CGF)},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 13,
  pages = 51,
  series = {Working Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Do better formal institutions promote financial inclusion? },
  url = {https://www.centreforglobalfinance.org/s/2019-WP13-complete.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@book{marthaler2020partisan,
  abstract = {This book explores partisan dealignment in France between 1978 and 2012, with a particular focus on the blue-collar electorate and its relationship with the political parties of the established left (the Socialist Party, or parti socialiste, and the Communist Party, or parti communiste français). It highlights the distinctiveness of blue-collar partisanship in a context of significant political, social and economic change and compares it with patterns of partisanship in the wider electorate. The voter-party relationship is self-evidently a bilateral one which can be modified both on the demand side, because voters change, and on the supply side, because parties change. Four factors are identified as playing a key role in partisan dealignment: value change, policy convergence, political sophistication and political trust. There is compelling evidence that while each of these makes a contribution, it is changes in the behaviour of the parties that are driving partisan dealignment among blue-collar workers in France.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Marthaler, Sally},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-35465-7},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Partisan Dealignment and the Blue-Collar Electorate in France},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35465-7},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{lewis2019effort,
  abstract = {We use data from the World Values Survey and the Work Orientations Survey to analyse the cyclical nature of work effort and attitudes to work effort. Our aim is to test two competing theories of labor effort, the labor hoarding view and the Shapiro and Stiglitz (1984) ‘shirking model’. Self-reported work effort is found to be strongly procyclical, while attitudes to effort move slightly countercyclically. We provide evidence for the presence of labor hoarding by showing how the cyclicality of effort changes with the strictness of employment protection legislation. Finally, we document heterogeneity in effort cyclicality across occupations and individuals.},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  author = {Lewis, Vivien and Dijcke, David Van},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Deutsche Bundesbank},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 33,
  series = {Bundesbank Discussion Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Work Effort and the Cycle: Evidence from Survey Data},
  url = {https://davidvandijcke.github.io/files/LewisVanDijcke_BDP_2019.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{customertalklumidobusinessmediabv2019nederlanders,
  abstract = {Nederlanders zijn toleranter geworden wat betreft seksueel-ethische aspecten van het leven, zijn trotser op hun Nederlanderschap, hebben meer vertrouwen in mensen en geloven minder in God. Onder religieuze jongeren in Nederland neemt de relevantie van kerkgang, bidden en godsbeelden afneemt, maar niet bij reformatorische en islamitische jongeren. Jongeren die zichzelf niet gelovig noemen, blijken niet minder sociaal dan gelovige jongeren.},
  address = {Leusden},
  author = {{CustomerTalk | Lumido Business Media BV}},
  editor = {{CustomerTalk | Lumido Business Media BV}},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Nederlanders worden toleranter, trotser en anders religieus},
  url = {https://www.customertalk.nl/artikelen/onderzoek/nederlanders-worden-toleranter-trotser-en-anders-religieus/},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{brechon2020werte,
  abstract = {Les valeurs des Français sont ici analysées avec les données de l'enquête European Values Study, réalisée à 5 reprises de 1981 à 2018 dans de nombreux pays européens. D'après les résultats, la confiance à autrui ne décline pas,l'altruisme est plutôt croissant, la xénophobie en retrait, même si les stéréotypes négatifs à l'égard des immigrés restent fréquents. Heureux de leur sort parce qu'ils ont le sentiment de contrôler leur vie, ils sont très favorables au libéralisme des moeurs mais veulent de la régulation et de l'ordre dans l'espace public. Dans tous les domaines, les changements vont dans le sens d'une plus forte individualisation, c'est à dire de liberté de choix aussi bien poor sa vie de famille, au travail, en politique ou en matière religieuse. Quelques comparaisons sont esquissées avec les valeurs des Allemands.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  institution = {Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro german techreport},
  language = {german},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Die Werte der Franzosen. Entwicklungen, die Anlass zu Optimismus geben},
  url = {http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/paris/16085.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{danilov2019features,
  abstract = {The article presents the data of two research projects - European Values Study (EVS) and sociological monitoring of the information field of the Republic of Belarus conducted by the Centre for Sociological and Political Studies of the Belarusian State University. The authors make the following conclusions: the basic values of the Belarusians are quite similar to the values of other European countries; the values of the Belarussians have developed for centuries under the influence of the key events in the European history; the values of society change slowly and can be transformed only in the life cycle of at least two generations; changes in the basic values are impossible under any external or internal pressure. Any attempts to quickly change value preferences of the people under pressure usually lead to the accumulation of negative moods and finally to social upheavals. Contemporary technologies open wide opportunities for informational violence and manipulation of public consciousness. The informational impact of the traditional media and the Internet (including social media) became one of the main factors affecting the structure and content of individual value orientations. The media create the sustainable intellectual background that determines the individual perception and subsequent behavioral response to events in the country and the world. The changing everyday reality forms a new value matrix, and the media become the key technological player due to the new information-communication possibilities. },
  author = {Danilov, A. N. and Rotman, D. G.},
  doi = {10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-4-678-691},
  issn = {2408-8897},
  journal = {RUDN Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {678-691},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Features of the basic values transformation in the changing reality (on the example of the Republic of Belarus)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-4-678-691},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{kafka2020coevolution,
  abstract = {Theoretical considerations that choose to make reference to the institutional and cultural considerations presuppose that these are in an optimal form. However, this is not the case in the real world. This chapter argues that the coevolution requirements of institutional and culture change are critical for economic outcomes. When institutions and culture coevolve in an optimal pattern, economic development and growth are facilitated. In contrast, when institutions and culture deviate from the optimal pace of coevolution, incompatible alterations of institutions and culture may end up causing an inability of the policy designers to implement the required changes in institutions and/or cultural behaviors. The result can be a series of failing attempts to implement a modernized progrowth framework of institutional settings and cultural behaviors. Using a dataset of 80 countries for the period 1981–2019, the analysis concludes that institutions and culture are complements—and not substitutes—in terms of their role in economic development, as when both sizes are strong it leads to higher levels of GDP per capita. When either or both of them are at a weak level, economic development is much lower.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Kafka, Kyriaki I. and Kostis, Pantelis C. and Petrakis, Panagiotis E.},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Economic Development - Public Policy, Culture, and Economic Development},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  editor = {Yonk, Ryan Merlin and Bobek, Vito},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-1-78985-937-9},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  publisher = {IntechOpen},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Why Coevolution of Culture and Institutions Matters for Economic Development and Growth?},
  url = {https://www.intechopen.com/books/perspectives-on-economic-development-public-policy-culture-and-economic-development},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{bassanin2019escaping,
  abstract = {We investigate the impact of local social pressure against dismissals on the choice of employment contracts made by firms using French linked employer-employee data. Taking into account the potential endogeneity of plant location, we show that establishments located closer to headquarters have higher shares of fixed-term contracts in hiring than those located further away whenever firms' headquarters are located in self-centered communities. We also show that this relationship is driven by firms that are highly visible in the community of the headquarters and whose CEOs not only work but also live there. In contrast, when firms' headquarters belong to communities that are not self-centered, the impact of distance to headquarters on the share of fixed-term contracts turns out to be positive. We show that these findings can only be explained by local social pressure. When the local community at the firm's headquarters is self-centered, CEOs are under pressure to avoid dismissing workers close to headquarters. By adding to the adjustment costs associated with open-ended contracts, this creates an incentive for CEOs to rely more on fixed-term contracts, in an attempt to escape social pressure.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Bassanin, Andrea and Caroli, Eve and Fontaine, François and Rebérioux, Antoine},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Paris School of Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2018–11},
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Escaping Social Pressure: Fixed-Term Contracts in Multi-Establishment Firms},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01724188v3/document},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{arslan2020unhappiness,
  abstract = {The social costs of transformation from socialism to capitalism gave rise to widespread discontent with the course of transition reforms, and the status anxiety, insecurity, and uncertainty in coping with the difficulties of everyday life that came along with the system change have pervaded people’s lives. Unhappiness and dissatisfaction with life have appeared as dominant sentiments in post-socialist societies. This dissertation has investigated how (un)happiness in post-socialist countries has been influenced and structured in post-communist countries by using a longitudinal comparative perspective. The present study set out (1) to describe and monitor the distribution of subjective well-being during the course of market transformation and to explain the macro-level determinants of happiness inequality across post-communist countries; (2) to shed new light on the social cost of market transformation through suggesting life satisfaction as an alternative tool to examine the dynamic and complex structure of distribution of well-being among different socio-economic groups, thereby overcoming the limitations of using the dichotomy of ‘winners and losers’; (3) to understand the relationship between transition legitimacy, i.e. attitudes towards economic and political liberalization, and people’s subjective well-being in post-socialist countries. This dissertation followed a quantitative cross-national comparative research design, using secondary data sets including cross-national survey data and databases for economic, political, and social development indicators which cover approximately three decades of market transition. The six waves of the World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Study (EVS) (1982 - 2014), and two waves of the Life in Transition Survey (LiTS) (2006 and 2010), were used as the main data source for the empirical studies.},
  address = {Bremen},
  author = {Arslan, Hilal},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  howpublished = {Dissertation},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 42,
  school = {Jacobs University Bremen},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {(Un)Happiness during Transition: Levels, Distribution and Determinants of Subjective Well-Being in Post-Socialist Countries},
  url = {http://urn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:579-opus-1009190},
  year = 2020
}

@article{castro2020selfexpression,
  abstract = {The literature concerning human values change, argues the main factor driving increasing levels of secularization and self-expression is the improvement of material conditions. In fact, studies succeeded to present evidence of the strong relationship between GDP and post-materialist attitudes at the national level. Still, in this study, we demonstrate this relationship is not as strong in Latin America. Based on the theory of mass-elite convergence of values, we argue that the main factor driving value change in Latin America is globalisation and not economic development. With globalisation, attitudes and values hitherto exclusive to the elites became socially desirable and praised (chic) resulting in their massive dissemination. Using data from the World Values Survey, we confirm that variables related to material conditions are the best predictor for secularization and self-expression among Western European countries. However, in Latin America, the effects of economic development are weaker, and the evidence indicates that variables related to social globalisation are more important to explain value change patterns.},
  author = {Castro, Henrique Carlos De Oliveira De and Capistrano, Daniel and Ranincheski, Sonia and Tambe, Elvis Bisong},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.14201/rlop.23132},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Revista Latinoamericana De Opinión Pública},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {29-48},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Is Self-Expression Chic? Globalisation, Value Change and Convergence in Latin America},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14201/rlop.23132},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{heinrich2019flags,
  abstract = {This thesis discusses an experimental approach to explore the relationship between the exposure of participants to banal visual triggers and the meaning people associate with the European Union. The study is motivated by the need for empirical contributions to the debate on public attachment to the European Union that is identified in an overview of EU integration literature. Based on an assumption of public trust in specific EU institutions and their banal manifestations, the thesis presents an experimental approach that allows for analysis of aspects of public attachment to the EU. The study describes the exposure to well-known functional cues to acquire empirical data on how the EU symbol enhances perceptions of credibility and trust. This is realised by employing the EU energy label as a visual cue in an experimental setup. This research specifically builds on contributions to the relationship between non-conscious exposure to visual primes and political attitudes on the one hand and the notion of ‘banal Europeanism’ on the other hand. The study cannot confirm clear relationships between attachment to the EU and their manifestation in banal consumer decisions as tested for in the experiments analysed. Nonetheless, it is argued that these experimental interventions can help to gain insights into people’s implicit attachment to and identification with the EU, and can thus offer meaningful contributions to European Union studies.},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  author = {Heinrich, Philipp},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 265,
  school = {The University of Edinburgh},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Flags and fridges: an experimental approach to the relationship between trust and implicit attachment to the European Union},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1842/35871},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{bahovec2020religion,
  abstract = {Slovenia is a rather small country in Central Europe, where three major ethnic groups of the European nations come together: Germanic, Romance, and Slavic. The chapter first focuses on the state and dynamics of faith membership in Slovenia. We point out some aspects of the relationship between State, Church, and society, especially regarding welfare state and civil society. Charity activity is closely linked to voluntary work, so we show the historical development of civil society or voluntary associations in Slovenia. We pay attention to the Christian-related civil associations, especially those that are active in charitable activities, and their contribution to the common good of Slovenian society. In the central charitable organization of Christianity in Slovenia, Caritas Slovenia, two aspects seem particularly striking: scope of work and creativity in finding ways to help the poor, the addicted, and other people in need.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Bahovec, Igor},
  booktitle = {Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare: Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Eastern Europe},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-44707-6_8},
  editor = {Glatzer, Miguel and Manuel, Paul Christopher},
  isbn = {978-3-030-44707-6},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {159-175},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  series = {Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Religion, Civil Society, and Charitable Activity in Slovenia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44707-6_8},
  year = 2020
}

@article{kim2019natives,
  abstract = {Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether natives’ attitudes toward immigration is associated with an influx of high- and low-skilled immigrants. The current research focuses on selected 20 OECD countries as destination countries.Design/methodology/approach A pseudo-panel based on age cohort is constructed to control for the potential unobservable individual characteristics. The random effects and within estimators (where applicable) are applied in the panel-data setting.Findings Regression results indicate that natives’ attitudes depend on their labor market exposure and skill type. Low-skill immigrant inflows are negatively associated with natives’ attitudes, but the magnitude is reduced proportionally to their share of the high skilled. The association between immigrant flows and attitudes is particularly strong for the prime-age cohorts, which can be explained by the labor market competition mechanism.Research limitations/implications Given the data limitations, not all destination countries could be analyzed but only selected OECD countries. However, this situation has resulted in the sample destination countries sharing similar characteristics with advanced economies.Originality/value Although the majority of previous studies are based on survey questions on attitudes toward immigrants with respective skill type, the current study focuses on the effects of the actual immigration flows. Natives’ attitudes respond sensitively to the actual changes in the number of migrants. The selection of OECD countries makes the characteristics of the destination countries substantially homogeneous.},
  author = {Kim, Seong Hee},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253.},
  doi = {10.1108/IJM-03-2019-0117},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Manpower},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {457-471},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Natives’ skills and attitudes towards immigrants: evidence from 20 OECD countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2019-0117},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{hrafnsson2019samanburur,
  abstract = {ordómar gagnvart innflytjendum á Íslandi eru mikilvægt rannsóknarefni, sérstaklega í ljósi þess að þeim fjölgaði um tæplega ellefu þúsund milli áranna 2008 og 2017. Samskipti Íslendinga við innflytjendur hafa því líklega aukist til muna. Samkvæmt millihópasamskiptakenningunni leiða aukin samskipti milli ólíkra hópa til minni fordóma. Fyrri rannsóknir benda til að eldri kynslóðin er að jafnaði fordómafyllri en þeir sem yngri eru og að fólk í hærri þjóðfélagsstöðu hefur almennt minni fordóma til innflytjenda en fólk í lægri þjóðfélagsstöðu. Markmið rannsóknarinnar er að kanna, með hliðsjón af millihópasamskiptakenningunni, hvort fordómar Íslendinga til innflytjenda hafi minnkað milli 2008 og 2017 auk þess að skoða tengsl aldurs og þjóðfélagsstöðu á fordóma í garð innflytjenda. Stuðst var við gögn Evrópsku lífsgildakönnunarinnar (European Values Study) sem lögð var fyrir árið 2008 og 2017. Tilgáturnar voru þrjár: (1) Íslendingar höfðu minni fordóma til innflytjenda árið 2017 samanborið við árið 2008, (2) því eldra sem fólk er þeim mun fordómafyllra er það í garð innflytjenda og (3) fólk í hærri þjóðfélagsstöðu hefur minni fordóma til innflytjenda. Stuðningur fannst við allar tilgátur nema að ekki fannst munur á fordómum aldurshópanna árið 2008. Niðurstöðurnar sýna að Íslendingar voru jákvæðari í garð innflytjenda árið 2017, að fólk í elstu aldurshópunum var að jafnaði fordómafyllra árið 2017 samanborið við yngri aldurshópana og að lokum að fólk í hærri þjóðfélagsstöðu, nánar tiltekið með háskólamenntun eða í hæsta tekjuþrepinu, var almennt séð með minnstu fordómana. Áhugavert verður að fylgjast með frekari viðhorfsbreytingum næstu ár þar sem spár benda til að innflytjendum muni halda áfram að fjölga hérlendis.},
  address = {Reykjavík},
  author = {Hrafnsson, Ernir Númi and Eyþórsdóttir, Íris Aníta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10039 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4763 v1.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 39,
  school = {Háskóli Íslands},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Samanburður á fordómum Íslendinga í garð innflytjenda árið 2008 og 2017 },
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1946/33280},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{stoumbos2020dividends,
  abstract = {We present new evidence on the importance of trust in financial decision-making and asset valuation. We predict that less trusting individuals will have a preference for dividend-paying stocks, and that the trust level of the investor base will interact with dividend payments to affect asset valuations. In a cross-section of households, those who are less trusting tilt their portfolios towards dividend-paying stocks. Furthermore, the trust level of the investor base partially explains the valuation of dividend-payers relative to non-dividend-payers. Finally, we use a sample of fraud events as shocks to trust, and show that the dividend premium is higher after these shocks occur.},
  author = {Stoumbos, Robert C. and Kelly, Peter},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2311512},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Dividends and Trust},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2311512},
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{beguin2016culture,
  abstract = {We study the influence of culture on discrimination as an economic outcome. Using a correspondence study, we show that both Flemish and Walloon employers discriminate against Walloon job seekers. Then, we argue that culture is an explanatory variable for this discrimination. We also discuss about the potential utility of using the theory of discrimination as defined and applied in psychology to bring a deeper understanding of the types of discrimination that are studied in economics.},
  address = {Louvain-la-Neuve},
  author = {Beguin, Malo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10156},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4759 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Université catholique de Louvain},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Role of Culture in Hiring Discrimination: evidence from a correspondence study in Wallonia and Flanders},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/thesis:22699},
  year = 2016
}

@article{leibrecht2020confidence,
  abstract = {While confidence in the business sector is crucial for well-functioning markets, there is surprisingly little empirical work on its sources. Available research recognizes generalized social trust and macroeconomic performance (especially unemployment and economic growth) as major forces explaining confidence in institutions and organizations in general. By assuming that confidence in companies hinges on rules, formal procedures, and practices that shape how organizations function, economic regulation is frequently advocated to foster confidence in companies, not least as it is supposed to reduce the scope for opportunistic behavior. Based on individual-level data from World Values Survey/European Values studies and economic regulation data from the Economic Freedom of the World project we investigate statistical associations of confidence in major companies with generalized social trust and macroeconomic performance as well as the intensity and quality of business regulation. From an economic policy perspective our findings suggest that confidence in the business sector can be facilitated by an implicit guarantee from governments of fair and impartial treatment.},
  author = {Leibrecht, Markus and Pitlik, Hans},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1017/S1744137419000699},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Institutional Economics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {287-303},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Is confidence in major companies rooted in generalized social trust, or regulatory quality, or both?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137419000699},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2020
}

@article{baloban2019kriza,
  abstract = {In this article titled »The Crisis of Solidarity and Desolidarization in the Croatian Society« the authors are comparing results of three empirical studies (1999, 2008, and 2017) of the international project »European Values Study« (EVS) in terms of the crisis of solidarity and desolidarization in the Croatian society. Starting from the set framework and acquired results in the EVS – 2008 wave of study, as well as events in the Croatian society after that year, three hypotheses have been proposed. After an extensive introduction that points out the relevancy of the discussion on the crisis of solidarity and desolidarization in Europe, as well as the history of study of solidarity in the theological perspective in Croatia in recent decades, an analysis of results according to the set hypotheses will follow. On the basis of acquired results for Croatia, the analysis will be carried out in reference to the following three points: social distance, concern for life conditions of some categories of people, and the Church and social problems. The first point, Social Distance, analyses data on categories of people that Croatian examinees do not want to have as neighbours, as well as the examinees´ own attitudes on immigrants. The second point, (Un)Concern for Life Conditions of Some Categories of People, is also the central point of this article. It discusses the measure of solidarity in relation to the concern for life conditions of certain categories of people: people in neighbourhood and region, co-citizens, Europeans, all people in the world, old people, unemployed, immigrants, sick and frail in Croatia. The third point, titled The Church and Social Problems, analyses the extremely important issue in the Croatian Church and society: How muchis the Catholic Church, according to the opinion of Croatian citizens, grappling with social problems in Croatia, i.e. how much is it´s social teaching recognisable. The extensive conclusion first points out the fact that the issue of solidarity and desolidarization of society in Croatia does not have an important place in public discussions, nor is it a subject of wider scientific discussions in relation to rapid changes that are taking place in the Croatian society. In that context, theological discussions on solidarity in Croatia, as well as the analysis of solidarity and desolidarization within the EVS Project, are even more important and can serve as the basis for a wider interdisciplinary discussion on this issue in the Croatian society. The results of the study show that in relation to the social distance in Croatia there has been no significant changes. In other words, most categories of social distance vary comparatively with the tendency of decrease in 2017. The article is also pointing out that, in relation to 2008, there has been a slight increase of those examinees who hold that the Church is providing adequate responses to social problems. Those examinees who are attending the Mass weakly are agreeing with this answer in the largest percent. The important results, demonstrated by the 2017 study, is that the advance of the desolidarization trend in the Croatian society, demonstrated in the 2008 study, has been stopped. Despite the trends that are showing that in the previous period the process of desolidarization of the Croatian society has not continued, it would be wrong to conclude that the Croatian society has overcome the crisis of solidarization. In relation to the future development of Croatia, solidarity needs to be strengthen in various ways. According to the authors, theological-ecclesial contribution to strengthening of solidarity in the Croatian society comes forth from the fundamental postulates of the social teaching of the Church. What is meant by this is the development of awareness of mutuality on individual and social levels as the key moral category on the basis of which solidarity as a virtue can be developed and, especially, solidarity as a moral and social principle in the public life.},
  author = {Baloban, Josip and Kompes, Marijana and Migles, Silvija},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {355-384},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Kriza solidarnosti i desolidarizacija u hrvatskom društvu (The Crisis of Solidarity and Desolidarization in the Croatian Society)},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/223157},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{karhu2020rukoilun,
  abstract = {Tutkielman tarkoituksena on kartoittaa täysi-ikäisten Suomen juutalaisten rukoilemiseen liittyviä käsityksiä. Tutkielmassa selvitetään rukoilemisen saamia eri muotoja, uskonnollisia näkemyksiä sekä uskonnonharjoittamiseen liittyvien toimien esiintymistiheyksiä täysi-ikäisten Suomen juutalaisten keskuudessa. Tutkimusaineisto on kerätty kaksikielisellä verkkokyselyllä, ja tutkimusaineistoon sisältyy sekä kvalitatiivisia että kvantitatiivisia aineistoja. Suljettujen kysymysten analysoinnissa on käytetty pääsääntöisesti kvantitatiivisen tutkimuksen menetelmiä. Avoimiin kysymyksiin saatujen vastausten järjestämisen apuvälineenä on käytetty sisällönanalyysiä. Avoimiin kysymyksiin saatuja vastauksia on analysoitu sisällön erittelyn lisäksi myös kvantitatiivisia menetelmiä käyttäen. Tarkastelun kohteena olevasta ryhmästä saadun näytteen (n=94) osalta vastaajien selvän enemmistön kohdalla rukoileminen heijastelee pääpiirteittäin rabbiinisen juutalaisuuden mukaista kuvausta rukoilemisesta. Vastauksissa ilmenee ensisijaisten rukoilemista käsittelevien kirjallisten lähteiden käsitteitä, metaforia ja näkemyksiä. Henkilökohtaisessa uskonnonharjoittamisessaan vastaajat ovat selvästi keskimääräistä suomalaista otosjoukkoa aktiivisempia. Taustatekijöiden osalta näytteen sisäisissä riippuvuussuhteissa sukupuoli ja ikä ovat juutalaisuuden suuntauksille perustuvaa ryhmäjakoa heikompia selitysmittareita rukoiluun liittyvissä näkemyksissä. Vastaajaryhmittäin tarkasteltuna pienen vastaajajoukon näkemykset poikkeavat merkittävästi sekä rukoilemiseen että uskonnollisuuteen liittyvissä kysymyksissä vastaajien enemmistön näkemyksistä lukuun ottamatta juutalaiseen perinteeseen ja juutalaiseen identiteettiin liittyviä aihepiirejä. Tässä tutkielmassa saadut tulokset voivat antaa aihetta jatkotutkimuksille, joissa selvitettäisiin, kuinka yleisiä kerätyistä vastauksista havaitut piirteet ovat Suomen juutalaisten keskuudessa. Arkaluonteisia tietoja sisältäviä kyselyitä voinee jatkossa toteuttaa vuoden 2020 aikana avattavan Helsingin yliopiston REDCap-verkkokyselyalustan avulla tässä tutkielmassa käytetyn kolmannen osapuolen kyselyalustan ja henkilötietojen käsittelijän sijaan.},
  address = {Helsinki},
  author = {Karhu, Juha},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.11532 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3787 v3.0.1 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {University of Helsinki},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Rukoilun merkityksestä juutalaisuudessa : pro gradu -kyselytutkimus Suomen juutalaisten rukoilemiseen liittyvistä käsityksistä},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10138/323105},
  year = 2020
}

@article{mrva2019fenomn,
  abstract = {The phenomenon of social trust is currently in Slovakia one of the most discussed topics in the social discourse. However, this topic has been in the focus of researchers for a long time. There are several theoretical explanations for the low level of social trust in the country, but there is still insufficient evidence based on empirical data. In this work I will try to describe the current state of social trust in Slovakia, with an emphasis on the relationship of particular and generalised trust as well as on the determinants of generalised trust. The empirical analysis will be based on qualitative data from interviews and on quantitative data from the European Values Study 2017. The findings show a small to mild correlation between the trust in the people we know and the trust in people in general. The analysis also points out some of the possible reasons of the low generalised trust, that are the perception of freedom of decision making, the perception of the importance of post-materialistic goals over materialistic ones and the feeling of happiness.},
  author = {Mrva, Marianna},
  journal = {Sociológia a spoločnosť : medzinárodný vedecký sociologický časopis},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {30-46},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Fenomén všeobecnej dôvery na Slovensku vo svetle výskumu},
  url = {http://www.sociology-society.ff.ukf.sk/archiv-cisel/c7/c7-marianna-mrva.pdf},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2019
}

@article{koopmans2019taste,
  abstract = {In this study we compare rates of discrimination across German-born applicants from thirty-five ethnic groups in which various racial and religious treatment groups are embedded, this study allows us to better distinguish taste and statistical sources of discrimination, and to assess the relative importance of ethnicity, phenotype and religious affiliation as signals triggering discrimination. The study is based on applications to almost 6,000 job vacancies with male and female applicants in eight occupations across Germany. We test taste discrimination based on cultural value distance between groups against statistical discrimination based on average education levels and find that discrimination is mostly driven by the former. Based on this pattern, ethnic, racial and religious groups whose average values are relatively distant from the German average face the strongest discrimination. By contrast, employers do not treat minority groups with value patterns closer to Germany’s different from ethnic German applicants without a migration background. },
  author = {Koopmans, Ruud and Veit, Susanne and Yemane, Ruta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/01419870.2019.1654114},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2019.1654114},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 16,
  pages = {233-252},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Taste or statistics? A correspondence study of ethnic, racial and religious labour market discrimination in Germany},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2019.1654114},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{ringdal2019polish,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Ringdal, Kristen},
  booktitle = {Civic and Uncivic Values in Poland: Value transformation, education, and culture},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  editor = {Ramet, Sabrina P. and Ringdal, Kristen and Dośpiał-Borysiak, Katarzyna},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9789633862216},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {107-130},
  publisher = {Central European University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Polish Civic Values in European Context},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7829/j.ctvs1g8rj.10},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{fleck2019culture,
  abstract = {Can cultural differences explain heterogeneity in financial precautionary behavior? We study if culture affects portfolio choice via differences in perceived uninsurable risk. Specifically, we investigate if individuals who have more trust in other individuals as well as in public institutions differ in financial precautionary behavior because they have distinct state contingent beliefs; more trusting households rely more on informal and formal sources of risk sharing in financial distress. While earlier research focused on variations of trust in other individuals as an unconditional belief to explain investments in risky assets, our investigation focuses on portfolio liquidity. In our empirical analysis, we apply the Epidemiological Approach to isolate the influence of culture and (endogenous) institutions on financial decisions using non-anonymized information on country of birth in the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). As home ownership decisions have profound reflections in household portfolios, we put particular emphasis on housing tenure choices. Our findings indicate that trust in public institutions decreases net liquid wealth, i.e. pre-cautionary savings. However, trust in other individuals increases it (due to reciprocity). Moreover, both types of trust associate positively with the probability to take on financial risk for the purpose of becoming a home owner as well as the related loan-to-value ratio. These results are robust across a range of econometric controls and specifications.},
  author = {Fleck, Johannes and Monninger, Adrian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Culture and Portfolios: Trust, Precautionary Savings and La Dolce Villa},
  url = {https://www.jofleck.com/publication/culture_assets/culture_assets.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{borra2019competition,
  abstract = {Across the industrialized world college-educated parents invest more time in their children relative to noncollege-educated parents. Yet, the reason for the education gradient in parental time investments is not well understood. Using 24-hour diary surveys since the 1970s we document an inverse U-shape in the education gradient in the United Kingdom. Theories unfolding gradually and monotonically cannot easily explain this pattern. Using an exogenous increase in the number of students going on to university in the 1980s, we show that an alternative explanation based on competition for university places can explain the temporal and spatial variation in the education gradient. (JEL J13, J24)},
  author = {Borra, Cristina and Sevilla, Almudena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1111/ecin.12761},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ecin.12761},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Economic Inquiry},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1460-1479},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Competition for University Places and Parental Time Investments: Evidence from the United Kingdom},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12761},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2019
}

@article{akturk2021institutionalization,
  abstract = {We seek to explain variation in the descriptive representation of Muslim minorities in national legislatures, relying on an original data set that includes 635 seats filled by Muslim-origin MPs in the lower chambers of national parliaments of twenty-six European polities in three legislative cycles between 2007 and 2018. We argue that the image of a polity as a union of multiple ethnocultural groups, reflected in concrete state policies and institutional arrangements, may be conducive to better descriptive representation of Muslim minorities, who were not originally envisioned as one of the communities constituting the nation. The results of multivariate regression analysis provide support for our hypothesis that the extent to which ethnocultural diversity is recognized and institutionalized helps explain variation in the levels of descriptive representation of European Muslims. We supplement our findings with congruence testing in four brief case studies: Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Bulgaria.},
  author = {Aktürk, Şener and Katliarou, Yury},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1017/S1537592720001334},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {388-405},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Institutionalization of Ethnocultural Diversity and the Representation of European Muslims},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592720001334},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@article{dominguez2021religiosity,
  abstract = {In this paper we try to shed new light on the aggregate religion puzzle: the fact that the positive relationship between religiosity and cognitive subjective well-being that has been consistently found at the individual level does not emerge at the aggregate level. We posit the hypothesis that the motivation underlying the observance of religious prescriptions may be confounding the relationship of interest. Using data from the Integrated Values Survey 1981–2014, we select some variables as possible proxies for the prevalent religious motivation and discuss this novel interpretation. Then we extend a standard cross-country life satisfaction model including controls for both the average level of religiosity and the prevalent motivation. Results show that the average level of religiosity is ceteris paribus positive and significantly associated with average life satisfaction. Moreover, our main proxy for the prevalent religious motivation also emerges highly significantly associated with average life satisfaction. The estimations are subjected to a wide variety of robustness checks and results remain largely unchanged. Moreover we carry out a thoroughly discussion of the endogeneity issues that may affect our results exploiting the panel nature of the data. We conclude that our results seem reasonably reliable, are consistent with findings of the previous literature, and point to a possible explanation of the different evolution of the religious phenomenon across countries.},
  author = {Domínguez, Rafael and López-Noval, Borja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-020-00268-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {15737780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1165–1188},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religiosity and Life Satisfaction Across Countries: New Insights from the Self-Determination Theory},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00268-y},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2021
}

@article{deleeuw2021wouldbe,
  abstract = {Conventional wisdom dictates that the more citizens lean towards either end of the ideological spectrum, the lower their support for democracy. The main model pitted against this “rigidity-of-the-extremes model” is the “rigidity-of-the-right model”. This model assumes that rightist citizens are less supportive. This study proposes and empirically demonstrates the validity of an alternative model, which we call “the authoritarian legacy model”. This model predicts that whether leftist or rightist citizens are less supportive of democracy depends on countries’ experience with left- or right-authoritarianism. To evaluate its validity, we present a systematic comparative investigation of the relation between citizens’ ideological and democratic beliefs, using European and World Values Survey data from 38 European countries (N = 105,495; 1994-2008). In line with this model, our analyses demonstrate that democratic support is lowest among leftist citizens in former left-authoritarian countries and among rightist citizens in former right-authoritarian countries. We find that this relation persists even among generations that grew up after authoritarian rule. These findings suggest that traditional ideological rigidity models are unsuitable for the study of citizens’ democratic beliefs. },
  author = {de Leeuw, Sjifra E. and Rekker, Roderik and Azrout, Rachid and van Spanje, Joost H. P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.2253},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2020.1827230},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {414-433},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Are would-be authoritarians right? Democratic support and citizens’ left-right self-placement in former left- and right- authoritarian countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1827230},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2021
}

@article{ruck2020cultural,
  abstract = {National democracy is a rare thing in human history and its stability has long been tied to the cultural values of citizens. Yet it has not been established whether changing cultural values made modern democracy possible or whether those values were a response to democratic institutions. Here we combine longitudinal data and cohort information of nearly 500,000 individuals from 109 nations to track the co-evolution of democratic values and institutions over the last century. We find that cultural values of openness towards diversity predict a shift towards democracy and that nations with low institutional confidence are prone to political instability. In addition, the presence of democratic institutions did not predict any substantive changes in the measured cultural values. These results hold accounting for other factors, including gross domestic product per capita and non-independence between nations due to shared cultural ancestry. Cultural values lead to, rather than follow, the emergence of democracy. This indicates that current stable democracies will be under threat, should cultural values of openness to diversity and institutional confidence substantially decline.},
  author = {Ruck, Damian J. and Matthews, Luke J. and Kyritsis, Thanos and Atkinson, Quentin D. and Bentley, R. Alexander},
  doi = {10.1038/s41562-019-0769-1},
  issn = {23973374},
  journal = {Nature Human Behaviour},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {265-269},
  refid = {Ruck2020},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The cultural foundations of modern democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0769-1},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2020
}

@article{priyanka2019determinants,
  abstract = {This paper uses aggregate data from the International Labor Organization and microeconomic data from the European Values Study to quantify gender gaps in entrepreneurship, distinguishing between gender gaps in employership and in self‐employment, and study their main empirical determinants. Our sample consists of 40 European countries and varies broadly in terms of institutional background since it includes several ex‐Communist countries. In the aggregate data we observe a gender gap in employers of 59% and a gender gap in self‐employment of 36%. These gaps have remained roughly constant in the 2000–2017 period, although there are wide differences in both their levels and evolution over time and across countries. Using microeconomic data, we find that the incidence of entrepreneurship, employership, and self‐employment among men is much larger than among women, consistent with the gaps estimated using aggregate data. Our regressions show that these gaps are still sizable even after controlling for a large set of control variables that include marital status, age, education, number of children, wealth, the participation of parents and spouse in entrepreneurship, values toward women, social capital, and prior unemployment. We identify important differences between the determinants of these gaps in ex‐Communist countries and in high‐income ones.},
  author = {Priyanka, Sadia and Teignier, Marc},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12537},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Review of Development Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {72-101},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The determinants of entrepreneurship gender gaps: A cross-country analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12537},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2019
}

@article{laplante2020unmarried,
  abstract = {Ireland was known for being conservative in family matters. The 2015 referendum that allowed same-sex marriage and the 2018 one that allowed abortion showed this is no longer true. This article aims at better understanding recent family change in Ireland by looking at changes in values on topics related with family behaviour and change in behaviour related with family formation – the rise of unmarried cohabitation, and childbearing within unmarried cohabitation – with a focus on the Catholic dogma and its role in the Irish society. We use data from the 2008 European Value Survey and from the five censuses conducted between 1991 and 2011. We find that the young have been moving away from the teachings of the Church on unmarried cohabitation, but that a few years before the 2018 referendum, they were still close to it on abortion. There is no clear negative relationship between cohabitation or fertility within cohabitation and education, but the use of cohabitation seems to vary according to education. The most enduring legacy of the Church doctrine seems to be the late development of family policies that make motherhood hard to reconcile with work and might explain why cohabiting women have few children. },
  author = {Laplante, Benoît and Castro-Martín, Teresa and Cortina, Clara and Fostik, Ana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0791603519865410},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0791603519865410},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Irish Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {5-28},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Unmarried cohabitation and its fertility in Ireland: Towards post-Catholic family dynamics?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0791603519865410},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{chan2019political,
  abstract = {By examining discrepancies between officially reported GDP growth figures and the actual economic growth implied by satellite-based night time light (NTL) density, we investigate whether democracies manipulate officially reported GDP figures, and if so, whether such manipulation pays political dividends. We find that the over-reporting of growth rates does indeed precede increases in popular support, with around a 1% over-statement associated with a 0.5% increase in voter intentions for the incumbent. These results are robust to allowing the elasticity of official GDP statistics to NTL to be country specific, as well as accounting for the quality of governance, and checks and balances on executive power.},
  address = {München},
  author = {Chan, Ho Fai and Frey, Bruno S. and Skali, Ahmed and Torgler, Benno},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  institution = {CESifo},
  issn = {23641428},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 7653,
  pages = 28,
  series = {CESifo Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Political Entrenchment and GDP Misreporting},
  url = {https://www.cesifo.org/en/publikationen/2019/working-paper/political-entrenchment-and-gdp-misreporting},
  year = 2019
}

@book{rabusic2019oddlen,
  abstract = {The edited monograph brings analyses of value development in Czechia and Slovakia in the period of 1991-2017. The main goal of the book is to map to what extent the modernization of both societies after 1990 as well as the separation of both countries in 1993 had an impact on value development. Analyses of value trends is made possible thanks to international sociological survey European Values Study in which both Czechia and Slovakia have been participating since 1991.Standadized questionnaire enables international comparisons. The contents of the book consists, apart from introductory, methodological and concluding chapters, of twelve chapters that are divided into four sections: I The Family, Children and Gender Roles; II. Subjective well-being and Social Capital; III. Religion and Social Solidarity; IV Politics, National Identity and Migration. The central hypothesis of the book is that in accordance with modernization theory we should find that value structures and preferences that are deemed to be different in Czechia and Slovakia in 1991 because of different socio-economic and cultural background will gradualy become asimilar by 2017 due to homogenizational effect of modernization.},
  address = {Bratislava},
  editor = {Rabušic, Ladislav and Kusá, Zuzana and Chromková Manea, Beatrice Elena and Strapcova, Katarina},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 428,
  publisher = {Slovart},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Odděleně spolu? Česko a Slovensko optikou vývoje hodnot po roce 1991 (Living apart together? Czechia and Slovakia through the lense of value development after 1991)},
  url = {https://www.slovart.cz/knihy-v-cestine/literatura-faktu/literatura-faktu/oddelene-spolu-cesko-a-slovensko-optikou-vyvoje-hodnot-po-roce-1991.html?page_id=24574},
  year = 2019
}

@article{owen2019democratisation,
  abstract = {This article responds to the statistically established finding in democratisation studies that British rule seems to have been good for the survival of democracy in its former empire, and that the longer a nation spent under British rule, the likelier it is to have sustained democracy since independence. This is a finding which puzzles political scientists because they think of democracy and empire as opposites. The article considers the uses made of democratic innovation by the British and the responses anti-colonial nationalists made to the offer to ‘lead them to democracy’. It places democracy and empire in a different, more complex relationship. It also considers the contribution of anti-colonial protest to the working of democracy. },
  author = {Owen, Nicholas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.1080/03086534.2019.1677343},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  journal = {The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {974-998},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Democratisation and the British Empire},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2019.1677343},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2019
}

@article{donovan2019authoritarian,
  abstract = {This paper examines which parties attract support from people with authoritarian attitudes by comparing multi-party systems to a pure two-party system (the US). It proposes reasons why radical right populist (RRP) parties may serve as outlets for illiberal sentiments in multiparty systems, and offers reasons why such attitudes could correspond with support for the US Republican Party. Some have raised concerns about democratic deconsolidation in liberal democracies. There is limited evidence here consistent with deconsolidation. Politically authoritarian attitudes do exist among a small but non-trivial proportion of electorates in established democracies. In multiparty systems people with such attitudes were more likely to be supporters of smaller RRP parties that generally do not join government, but not centre-left or centre-right parties. However, US Republicans had supporters who resembled European RRP supporters in their politically authoritarian attitudes, and authoritarian attitudes were a notable predictor of support for Donald Trump in 2016.},
  author = {Donovan, Todd},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/17457289.2019.1666270},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {448-464},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Authoritarian attitudes and support for radical right populists},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2019.1666270},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{haack2020legitimacy,
  abstract = {We advance research on legitimacy and institutional change by theorizing a multilevel model of how an individual legitimacy belief-propriety-is affected by an exogenous crisis event and how two collective constructs-validity and consensus-influence this effect. Whereas consensus and validity can overlap in that validity may reflect consensual approval, they are not the same, given that validity may hide underlying disagreement. Disentangling validity from consensus allows us to theorize that changes in evaluators' propriety beliefs are strongest in contexts characterized by high validity and low consensus, because, in such contexts, a crisis may reveal that validity is contested. Using a regression discontinuity design based on data from 6,198 evaluators across 16 countries, we examine the effect of the 2008 financial crisis on individuals' propriety beliefs in free markets. Our results provide empirical support for our theory and thereby shed light on the foundations of legitimacy formation as a multilevel process.},
  author = {Haack, Patrick and Pfarrer, Michael D. and Sieweke, Jost},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Legitimacy as a Multilevel Process: Evidence from the 2008 Financial Crisis},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{kolczynska2019metadata,
  abstract = {This chapter discusses a classification of item metadata that could be useful in assessing the intersurvey reliability and validity of variables created via ex post harmonization of survey data. Harmonization controls and item quality controls are part of this classification. The construction of item metadata is part of the logic of the Survey Data Recycling analytic framework. To illustrate the approach described, the chapter provides two examples of target variables from the Harmonization Project dataset, which was constructed for analyzing determinants of political participation in a cross‐national perspective. The first example pertained to controls for the target variable “trust in the national parliament”, which is one of the most popular survey items on political trust in general; it is also theoretically relevant for peoples' propensity to demonstrate. The second example involved controls for the target variable “participation in demonstrations”.},
  address = {Hoboken},
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta and Slomczynski, Kazimierz M.},
  booktitle = {Advances in Comparative Survey Methods : Multinational, Multiregional, and Multicultural Contexts (3MC)},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12252},
  doi = {10.1002/9781118884997.ch46},
  editor = {Johnson, Timothy P. and Pennell, Beth-Ellen and Stoop, Ineke A. L. and Dorer, Brita},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5800 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9781118884980},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1011-1033},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  series = {Wiley Series in Survey Methodology},
  study = {EVS},
  study-id = {ISSP2011},
  title = {Item Metadata as Controls for Ex Post Harmonization of International Survey Projects},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118884997.ch46},
  year = 2019
}

@article{2019intergeneration,
  abstract = {This article is setting the question about the nature of family values transformation: if the transformation takes place due to new generation or if it is a characteristic of the whole society. To answer the question the following views of the society are analyzed: attitudes towards family, leisure and religion as general values, perception of the marriage, children, combining of family and professional roles by women, as well as justification of such phenomena as homosexuality and abortion. The analysis leads to the conclusion that family values are influenced with general circumstances which are common for all the cohorts as well as with time of the socialization of new generations. Also for the family and leisure as general values it is very important what the age of respondent, and what his period of family life cycle and career building is. },
  author = {Артёменко, E. K.},
  journal = {БГПУ},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 37,
  pages = {60-65},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Межпоколенческая динамика семейных ценностей в белорусском обществе (Intergeneration dynamics of family values in Belarusian society)},
  url = {http://elib.bspu.by/handle/doc/45219},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2019
}

@article{koniecznasalamatin2019konkurencja,
  abstract = {This article presents the attitudes of Poles towards immigrants and analyses the factors that co-exist with these attitudes. Data come mainly from the European Values Study (2017). The analyses have shown a clear impact of media discourse on the social perception of immigrants, which leads to a split image of the immigrants: „real” ones, whom Poles meet in various public places or at work and who are generally accepted, and „imagined” immigrants - „aliens”, more often causing a sense of threat. Attitudes towards real immigrants are not connected with political views and are to a small extent related to opinions on the European Union. The assessment of the „imagined” immigrants’ impact on the development of Poland is an element of a broader set of axiological orientations, the essential element of which is trying to order the social reality in the framework of traditionally understood roles and hierarchy and which are associated with a negative relationship with the European Union and even with scepticism towards democracy as a form of government and civil liberties.},
  author = {Konieczna‑Sałamatin, Joanna},
  journal = {Studia Socjologiczno-Polityczne. Seria Nowa},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {61-82},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Konkurencja, zagrożenie czy ratunek dla gospodarki? Postawy Polaków wobec imigrantów (Competition, threat or a lifebuoy for the economy? Attitudes of Poles towards immigrants)},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=780225},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2019
}

@article{kolczynska2019micro,
  abstract = {This paper investigates micro- and macro-level determinants of participation in demonstrations worldwide, focusing on the role of resources and grievances across different democratic contexts. The analysis relies on a data set stemming from the ex-post harmonization of five international survey projects covering 100 countries between 1989 and 2009: Americas Barometer, Asia Europe Survey, European Values Study, International Social Survey Programme, and the World Values Survey. Results provide mixed support for previous findings and point to new insights. First, I find that the positive association between education and participation in demonstrations is stronger in democratic countries than in nondemocracies, but there is no evidence of similar variation in the case of income. Second, the effect of trust in parliament is U-shaped, and more pronounced in non-democracies compared to democracies. Overall the findings indicate that the role of resources as well as disaffection with the political system in explaining participation in demonstrations depends on the political context, thus emphasizing the importance of incorporating both levels of analysis in theoretical and empirical models. The paper concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges associated with ex-post harmonization of survey data.},
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.11372},
  doi = {10.12758/mda.2019.07},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA3950 v1.3.0},
  journal = {methods, data, analyses},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-36},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP2004},
  title = {Micro- and Macro-level Determinants of Participation in Demonstrations: An Analysis of Cross-national Survey Data Harmonized Ex-post},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12758/mda.2019.07},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{esmer2019democracy,
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Esmer, Yilmaz},
  booktitle = {Democracy Under Threat : A Crisis of Legitimacy?},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  editor = {Van Beek, Ursula},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9783319894522},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {121-146},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century Series},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Democracy Under Threat : A Crisis of Legitimacy?},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{baniamin2019relationships,
  abstract = {This dissertation analyzes institutional trust, first, in the three South Asian countries of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, and then in 32 African countries. These countries were chosen in order to explore why citizens in developing countries trust public institutions despite those institutions’ poor performance. Most of the existing literature on institutional trust indicates that trust in public institutions is contingent on institutional performance and governance quality. This view accords with the rational choice theory and the logic of consequences, with the argument that citizens will evaluate better performance and governance positively, and poor performance and bad governance negatively. These evaluations should be reflected in the citizens’ trust in government institutions. Based on this logic, governmental organizations and agencies, for instance those in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, should enjoy higher institutional trust than do such organizations and agencies that perform poorly, examples being those in non- OECD countries. This is because various public institutions in OECD countries, when they are compared with similar institutions in non-OECD countries, have generally higher performance in a number of areas, for instance in the health and education sectors, and they have better governance. However, certain cross-country surveys (e.g., the World Values Survey and the European Values Study) indicate that public institutions in a number of non- OECD countries, despite their lower performance and poor governance, enjoy higher institutional trust than do comparable institutions in OECD countries. The ‘logic of consequences’ then becomes questionable as an explanatory variable of institutional trust, and the use of rational choice theory becomes problematic as a theoretical lens through which to explain the same phenomenon. This is the point of departure for this dissertation. The articles in this dissertation propose that along with the consequential logic of rational choice theory, additional explanatory variables may be required to explain the empirical inconsistency of inflated trust in the public institutions of under-performing countries. The proposed variable is based on a cultural attribute, more specifically, authoritarian cultural orientation (ACO). This cultural attribute is tested through a country-representative survey called the Governance and Trust Survey 2 (GoT 2), which was administered in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Thereafter, the effects of a similar kind of cultural orientation are explored in 32 African countries using survey data from Afro-barometer. The proposed cultural norm measured by ACO indicates something about people’s degree of unquestioning obedience to authority. People who have higher ACO tend to have a higher degree of institutional trust. This cultural aspect is related to social values and norms, obligations, and commitment, which together are referred to as the ‘logic of appropriateness’, as described by March and Olsen (1996 and 1998). The first three articles in this dissertation explore the importance of the logic of appropriateness in combination with the logic of consequences in explaining institutional trust. Among these three articles, the first two use ACO to try to explain trust in the civil service, while the third tries to explain trust in various other institutions such as the parliament, the police, and the judicial court. All these articles confirm that ACO matters in explaining institutional trust in the sampled countries. In the third article, one key finding is that higher education can contribute to reducing ACO. Education may increase people’s cognitive ability, encourage them to become more assertive, and to question authorities and their actions. This may help reduce the degree of unquestioning obedience, which is the indicator of ACO. Interestingly, the second article finds that people with higher ACO usually assess civil servants positively; they have a comparatively strong belief that civil servants are prompt, efficient, and tend to treat people equally. In the fourth article, which analyzes the same phenomenon in 32 African countries also found that people with higher education have lower institutional trust. Like the articles on South Asia, the fourth article confirms that people with lower assertiveness have higher institutional trust. The relation between low assertiveness and institutional trust therefore parallels the relation between ACO and institutional trust. The fourth article also indicates that people with lower assertiveness believe their country has less governance-related problems (e.g., corruption or unfair treatment) than do people with higher assertiveness. Similarly, people with lower assertiveness think their country is doing better in different performance indicators such as management of the economy and the creation of employment. The focus of the fifth article is slightly different. It tries to explain why the Nepalese anticorruption agency has higher trust than the similar agencies of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka – despite the fact that all three countries are characterized by a relatively high level of corruption. This study finds that the Sri Lankan anti-corruption agency is dormant (few anticorruption interventions1), while the Nepalese and Bangladeshi agencies operate selectively. The Nepalese anti-corruption agency has initiated a number of anti-corruption initiatives against the lower-level officials, particularly against the school teachers with fake academic certificates. These actions make the agency more visible to the general public and convince them that the agency is seriously trying to stamp out corruption. This may contribute to the vii higher institutional trust that it enjoys. Since the Nepalese agency has not taken any major steps to curb the corruption of politicians and higher-level bureaucrats, the overall corruption level is yet to be improved there. In Bangladesh, the anti-corruption agency targets both higher-level and lower-level people in the power structure, but does so selectively, mainly directing its attention to members of the opposition party. Thus, this article indicates that perceived performance, which may vary from real performance, may affect institutional trust. The last article is about the possible problem of having an incentive system for credence goods. Credence goods are goods which involve information asymmetry between service providers and consumers. In this situation of information asymmetry, service providers know more about the required nature or quality and quantity of the services than do the consumers. Health services are a good example. In such situations, consumers must depend on the trustworthiness of service providers, and this dependency can make service recipients vulnerable to monetary exploitation. By analyzing the childbirth delivery system of Bangladesh, the study finds that private clinics have a higher level of overtreatment problems (e.g., caesarian delivery without proper medical grounds) than do government and NGO health facilities. This is because private clinics have more incentive to capitalize on information asymmetry, due to their dependency on the earnings from the services they provide.},
  address = {Bergen},
  author = {Baniamin, Hasan Muhammad},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 66,
  school = {University of Bergen},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Relationships among Governance Quality, Institutional Performance, and (Dis) Trust: Trends and Tensions: A Quest for Critical Ingredients of Institutional Trust},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1956/20574},
  year = 2019
}

@article{qayyum2020religion,
  abstract = {Historically, plethora of researchers has investigated the role of religion across multiple facets of human existence. Research in the field of religion and economic development is in its initial stage, and now many researchers are concerned about the non-economic factors and their role in the development of an economy. Religion is considered as the most important non-economic factor that constructs the basic institutional infrastructure of a society. This study is thus aimed at exploring the indirect channels through which religion can influence economic growth such as ethics, poverty alleviation, political participation, social capital and mental health. This research also intends to investigate, the association between religiosity and economic development at continental level coupled with an effort to know the role of religion in the economic growth of developed and developing countries using cross sectional data of 110 countries. Due to endogeneity problem in religion and other variables, this study uses system generalized method of moment to estimate the relationship between religion and economic development. The results report that religion has a positive and statistically significant direct effect on economic development and shadow economy. Channels i.e. ethics, poverty alleviation, political participation, social capital and mental health reduce significantly the size of religiosity coefficient and makes it less significant that indicates these channels mediate the impact of religion on economic development and shadow economy. Although the individual impact of each channel on economic growth and shadow economy is not significant. In Asia and Europe impact of religion is positive and is highly significant; Africa shows somewhat positive but insignificant results and in case of American region, the linkage of religion and economic development is not robust. Developing countries show the positive impact of religion on economic development but these results are not robust. In developed countries effect of religiosity on economic development is positive and it is robust as well.},
  author = {Qayyum, Unbreen and Anjum, Sohail and Sabir, Samina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s10663-019-09456-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Empirica},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 47,
  pages = {793–834(},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religion and economic development: new insights},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-019-09456-3},
  year = 2020
}

@article{2019,
  abstract = {У статті обґрунтовується, що безпека є не тільки метою існування інститутів держави, але й ціннісною константою в реалізації провідного орієнтиру людини в межах її соціального буття, унаслідок чого формується взаємозалежний соціально-генетичний вузол «безпека – людина – суспільство – держава». У соціолого-правовій парадигмі безпеку слід розглядати як стан захищеності життєво важливих потреб та інтересів людини, суспільства і держави від внутрішніх і зовнішніх загроз. Сфера колективної міжнародної, національної та особистої безпеки змістовно розкривається через архетипи (соціальні константи) людської діяльності й особливості національного менталітету, зокрема духовний, виробничий, політичний та архетип соціальності. Соціально-правова константа громадської та особистої безпеки запобігає викликам маргіналізації та криміналізації країни. Пасіонарна «національна ідея» покликана декларувати прагнення до самоствердження народу, виражати його потреби в самозбереженні, безпеці та процвітанні, тому фактор безпеки постає як цільовий та інтеграційний компонент політико-правової діяльності.},
  author = {Герасіна, Л. М.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3066158},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Вчені записки ХГУ «НУА»},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 25,
  pages = {226–235},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {БЕЗПЕКА ЯК СОЦІАЛЬНА КОНСТАНТА: СОЦІОЛОГО-ПРАВОВИЙ АНАЛІЗ},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3066158},
  year = 2019
}

@article{lakomy2019effects,
  abstract = {This paper examines the effect of prolonged working careers on subjective quality of life (QoL) in four European regions. The paper tests a basic assumption of the role accumulation theory and the active ageing approach that additional roles, including prolonged working careers, are beneficial for the quality of life of older people. The propensity score matching method was used on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for four European regions with distinctive economic, institutional, and cultural contexts connected to paid work. The context-sensitive effects of prolonged labour force participation on QoL as a whole, control, and pleasure are positive in regions in which financial need serves as a more important motivation to work than nonmaterial need. In contrast, the effects on QoL as a whole and autonomy are negative in wealthier and more developed European regions. The paper concludes that the main motivation for prolonged working careers seems to be to avoid deteriorating living standards; satisfactory retirement conditions should thus be an aim complementary to incentives for those who are willing and able to work longer.},
  author = {Lakomý, Martin},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.011},
  issn = {0049-089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {33-44},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The effects of prolonged working life on subjective quality of life across Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.011},
  volume = 82,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{varvarigos2020upwardflowing,
  abstract = {I construct a model where upward-flowing income transfers, from adult children to their old parents, are driven by a culture of strong family ties. This evolves intergenerationally, through a process of cultural transmission. The two-way causal link between economic and cultural change can be a strong enough force to offset cultural substitution, thus generating path-dependent outcomes. These outcomes are consistent with empirical evidence showing that economic development is negatively related with upward-flowing intergenerational transfers, and with the strength of family ties. On the one hand, the economy may follow a convergence path towards a low level of economic development, where adherence to strong family ties is the dominant characteristic of a culturally homogeneous population, and where the overall flow of intergenerational transfers is substantial. On the other hand, the economy may follow a different path of convergence towards a relatively higher level of economic development, where the population is more diverse in terms of their attitudes on family ties, and where the overall flow of intergenerational transfers is lower by comparison.},
  address = {Munich},
  author = {Varvarigos, Dimitrios},
  institution = {Munich Personal RePEc Archive},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 101002,
  pages = 39,
  series = {MPRA Paper},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Upward-Flowing Intergenerational Transfers in Economic Development: The Role of Family Ties and their Cultural Transmission},
  url = {https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/101002/},
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{karlsson2020samhllsnormers,
  abstract = {This essay is a comparative study of the situation on the labour market for women in Sweden and Italy. Sweden is one of the countries in the European union that has the highest number of working women and one of the most efficient childcare service. Italy on the other hand is in the bottom in both questions. Today we have the acknowledgement that childcare service has a great impact on the possibility for women to combine career and motherhood. The aim of this essay is to study how women’s history and the social norms affect this question with applying Anthony Giddens theory of structuration. Giddens argue that the individuals shapes the society and its structure. The result of the study reveals that in Italy the traditional social norms still are strong. A major part of the Italian men and women still has the opinion that men are not well suited to take care of children. They even think that preschool children suffer if their mothers are working. In Sweden, the social norms are diverse, but we can see that in 1990s a major part of swedes had the same opinion regarding preschool children as the Italian. This has changed over the years and today almost none of the respondents of the survey agrees that preschool children suffer if their mothers are working. This can explain why many Italian mothers do not go back to work after childbirth. And in the longer term; it can explain why the Italian politicians do not fight harder for family politics and more benefits for working mothers.},
  address = {Karlstad},
  author = {Karlsson, Linnea},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 33,
  school = {Karlstad University, Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Samhällsnormers konsekvenser för kvinnor på arbetsmarknaden i Sverige och Italien: - En jämförande fallstudie [A comparative case study of the impact of social norms on women in the labour market in Sweden and Italy]},
  type = {Hausarbeit},
  url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Akau%3Adiva-78710},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{tromp2019research,
  abstract = {The tenability of the thesis of religious decline has become increasingly contested, with critics pointing out that religion has changed rather than declined, maintaining in effect that the decline of traditional Christian religiosity should not be mistaken for a decline of religion tout court. To test this claim, we investigate whether in Western-Europe traditional Christian religiosity and religiosity more broadly conceived have both declined over time. Analysing data from the European Values Study (1981-2008) we demonstrate that while both have indeed declined, the remaining religious deviate increasingly from traditional Christian religiosity. Religion has hence not only declined, but changed as well.},
  author = {Tromp, P. C. and Kulkova, Anna and Houtman, Dick},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 20,
  study-id = {EVS198-2008},
  title = {Research Note: Religious Decline or Religious Change? Evidence from Thirteen Western-European Countries (1981-2008)},
  url = {https://www.dickhoutman.nl/mediatheek/files/tromp_et_al._2019.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@book{hollander2019politics,
  abstract = {This book demonstrates that the generally assumed dichotomy between referendums and representative democracy does not do justice to the great diversity of referendum types and of how referendums are used in European democracies. Although in all referendums citizens vote directly on issues rather than letting their political representatives do this for them, some referendums are more direct than others. Rather than reflecting the direct power of the People, most referendums in EU countries are held by, and serve the interests of, the political elites, most notably the executive. The book shows that these interests rarely match the justifications given in the public debate. Instead of being driven by the need to compensate for the deficiency of political parties, decision-makers use referendums primarily to protect the position of their party. In unravelling the strategic role played by national referendums in decision-making, this book makes an unconventional contribution to the debate on the impact of referendums on democracy.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Hollander, Saskia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-04197-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Politics of Referendum Use in European Democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04197-7},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{grunow2019resisting,
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Grunow, Daniela},
  booktitle = {New Parents in Europe. Work-Care Practices, Gender Norms and Family Policies},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972970},
  editor = {Grunow, Daniela and Evertsson, Marie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9781788972963},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {3-28},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Resisting or embracing institutional models of parenthood: an analytical framework},
  year = 2019
}

@article{marody2019transformations,
  author = {Marody, Mira},
  journal = {Social Research: An International Quarterly},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {57-81},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Transformations of Polish Society},
  volume = 86,
  year = 2019
}

@article{seuntjens2019greedy,
  abstract = {Greed is often seen as immoral. Although the assumption that greed elicits unethical behavior is widespread, there is surprisingly little empirical research testing this relationship. We present a series of three studies investigating the association between greed and unethical behavior, using different methodologies and samples from the USA, The Netherlands, and Belgium. Study 1 (3 samples, total N = 3413) reveals that more greedy individuals find a variety of transgressions more acceptable and justifiable as well as indicate that they have more often engaged in a variety of transgressions compared to less greedy individuals. Study 2 (N = 172) replicated these findings in an incentivized behavioral laboratory study where participants decided to accept a bribe or not. Greedy people were more likely to take a bribe and also preferred higher bribes. Study 3 (N = 302) examined a potential process relating greed to unethical behavior. Greedy people were more likely to transgress because they found the positive outcomes associated with the transgression more desirable, and therefore displayed lower self-control. Implications for general theories of greed and morality are discussed.},
  author = {Seuntjens, Terri G. and Zeelenberg, Marcel and van de Ven, Niels and Breugelmans, Seger M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.027},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0191-8869},
  journal = {Personality and Individual Differences},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {147-156},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Greedy bastards: Testing the relationship between wanting more and unethical behavior},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.027},
  volume = 138,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{garciamontalvo2019transactiontax,
  abstract = {We model the behaviour of a buyer trying to evade the real estate transfer tax. We identify over-appraisal as a key, easily-observable element that is inversely related with tax evasion. We conclude that the tax authority could focus auditing efforts on low-appraisal transactions. We include ‘behavioural’ components (shame and stigma) allowing to introduce buyers' (education) and societal (social capital) characteristics that explain individual and idiosyncratic variations. Our empirical analysis confirms the predictions using a unique database, where we directly observe: real payment, value declared to the authority, appraisal, buyers' educational level and local levels of corruption and trust.},
  address = {Barcelona},
  author = {García-Montalvo, José and Piolatto, Amedeo and Raya, Josep},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = { Barcelona Institute of Economics (IEB)},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = 44,
  series = {IEB Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Transaction-tax Evasion in the Housing Market},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3360356},
  year = 2019
}

@article{2020persons,
  abstract = {Generally speaking, Europeanization is defined as “a process in which states adopt EU rules”. As Serbia is getting closer to the EU, this process is gaining on the momentum, but running far from smoothly. Formal endeavors aimed at the change of the social status of the LGBT persons in Serbia are a case in point, as they are linked to the idea of Europeanization. In accordance with the EU conditions, a number of laws aimed at fighting discrimination of LGBTs were passed, programs with the same goal were implemented, and several Pride Parades took place without major incidents (as Belgrade was “besieged” by heavy police forces). At the same time, high state officials publicly manifest their reluctance toward non-heterosexuals, with the police practicing indirect resistance toward organizing the Pride. The LGBT affirming actions were characterized by short time-span and superficiality, and this is what makes this case a paradigmatic one of the Serbian Government’s attitude to Europeanization: the formal obligations (as imposed) are fulfilled, while simultaneously enormous (informal) efforts are undertaken in order that no changes occur in society. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the aforementioned. Attempts to diffuse EU rules and regulations seem to be of no avail if local adaptation, interpretation and appropriation of these norms and resistance which they spawn, is not taken into account.},
  author = {Јовановић, Милош},
  doi = {10.22190/TEME180402013J},
  journal = {Teme},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {139-157},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {LGBT persons in Serbia: between formal acceptance and informal rejection},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22190/TEME180402013J},
  volume = {XLIV},
  year = 2020
}

@article{guerriero2020endogenous,
  abstract = {To evaluate the relative importance of a culture of cooperation and inclusive political institutions, I divide Europe into 120 km×120 km grid cells, and exploit the exogenous variation in both institutions created by medieval history. I document strong first-stage relationships between present-day norms of respect and trust and the severity of consumption risk—i.e. climate volatility—over the period 1000–1600 and between the inclusiveness of present-day regional political institutions and the factors that raised the returns on elite-citizenry investments—i.e. terrain ruggedness and direct access to the coast. Building on these first stages, I show that only culture has a first-order effect on income, even after controlling for country fixed effects, proxies for the alternative roles of the excluded instruments, factors modulating the roles of institutions, and intermediate outcomes. Two possible explanations for these results are that more inclusive regional political institutions might have impeded, in the early modern era, state-building and market integration, and that in modern representative democracies, they are irrelevant in easing the monitoring of politicians by voters when the latter are not morally compelled to punish political malfeasance or the former have weak civic virtues. Macro and micro evidence supports these ideas.},
  author = {Guerriero, Carmine},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 v4.0.0},
  doi = {10.1111/ecca.12313},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ecca.12313},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Economica},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 346,
  pages = {364-405},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Endogenous Institutions and Economic Outcomes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12313},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2020
}

@article{proulx2020determines,
  abstract = {Societal attitudes and behaviours of suicide and euthanasia often cannot be compared leaving policy makers without informative understanding of how social indicators such as social norms, attitudes, behaviours, identity and culture shape the relationships held to socio-demographic indicators of pro end-of-life attitudes. Applying social indicator principals from behavioural economic theory, we assess attitudes to suicide and euthanasia using the Netherlands as a quasi-experiment. We analysed data extracted from the European Values Study (EVS) from 1981 to 2008 in the Netherlands. This timeframe encompasses the Supreme Court ruling: ‘The Right to Die—1984’ and the ‘Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide (Review Procedures) Act of 2002’. Adopting a pooled ordered logit cross-sectional analysis, we assessed indicators of attitude change towards suicide and euthanasia as a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences estimation across socio-demographic indicators through 1981–1990 and 1999–2008. We find through these periods, only employment status and religiosity remain consistent and significant indicators for suicide. Whereas age, employment status, marital status and having a religious denomination remain consistent and significant indicators for euthanasia throughout both periods. Our findings provide a revised socio-demographic indicator model and extend psycho-social indicator factors from behavioural economics to approach research of end-of-life attitudes of suicide and euthanasia.},
  author = {Proulx, Damon and Savage, David A.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-020-02475-9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1085–1125},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {What Determines End-of-Life Attitudes? Revisiting the Dutch Experience},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02475-9},
  volume = 152,
  year = 2020
}

@article{muis2019seksueelethische,
  abstract = {In this study, we explore trends in sexual-ethical permissiveness in the Netherlands during the last decades. Using Dutch data from the European Values Study (1981-2017), we show that tolerance towards homosexuality, abortion, divorce, euthanasia, and suicide increased in this period. About a third of this trend can be explained by cohort replacement: because younger, more permissive cohorts slowly replace older, less permissive cohorts, the moral climate in society changes. In turn, the differences in sexual-ethical permissiveness between cohorts can be explained by differences in level of education, church attendance and religious socialization. At the same time, the results of the counterfactual analyses show that all groups in Dutch society, including the lower educated and churchgoers, have become more permissive about sexual-ethical aspects of life. Apparently, a moral progressive consensus is present in the Netherlands. Finally, our results show that the youngest cohort, born between 1990 and 1999, appears somewhat less permissive than older cohorts. If these more conservative moral convictions persist in the future and are present in new generations as well, there may be a cultural backlash.},
  author = {Muis, Quita and Sieben, Inge and Reeskens, Tim and Halman, Loek},
  doi = {10.5117/MEM2019.4.004.MUIS},
  issn = {1876-2816},
  journal = {Mens en maatschappij},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {429-458},
  study = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Seksueel-ethische permissiviteit: trends in Nederland 1981-2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2019.4.004.MUIS},
  volume = 94,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{gutmann2020family,
  abstract = {Many years ago, Emmanuel Todd argued that differences in family organization - specifically the rules of inheritance, the number of generations living under one roof, and endogamous marriage - are reflected in the organization of the state. He also argued that different family types lead to different paths of economic development. Economists have long ignored these sweeping claims, but with increasing interest in the deep causes of economic development, family types have caught the attention of some economists. Here, we try to take Todd seriously and evaluate his predictions empirically. Relying on a parsimonious model with exogenous covariates, we find mixed results. On the one hand, countries in which authoritarian family types dominate have much higher levels of the rule of law and innovation than predicted by Todd. On the other, countries in which the communitarian family types dominate are characterized by racism, low levels of the rule of law, few checks on government, and late industrialization. Countries in which endogamy is frequently practiced display a high level of state fragility and have weak civil society organizations.},
  address = {Hamburg},
  author = {Gutmann, Jerg and Voigt, Stefan},
  institution = {University of Hamburg, Institute of Law and Economics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 34,
  series = {ILE Working Paper Series},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Family Types and Political Development},
  url = {https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/216096/1/ile-wp-2020-34.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{dewitte2019teachers,
  abstract = {This article offers the first large-scale comparative analysis of pupils' and teachers' perspectives on homosexuality using two waves (2013 and 2017) of self-collected data through questionnaires issued in eight European countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, the UK, Spain, Poland, Hungary and Turkey. Using these unique data, the authors examine to what extent differences prevail across countries, what mechanisms explain the differences, and how the differences change over time. The results indicate significant differences across countries. Moreover, although a positive trend can be observed between the two waves of the survey, in some countries the general climate towards homosexuality is reversing.},
  author = {De Witte, Kristof and Iterbeke, Kaat and Holz, Oliver},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.1177%2F0268580919854295},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  issn = {02685809},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {471-519},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Teachers' and pupils' perspectives on homosexuality: A comparative analysis across European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0268580919854295},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2019
}

@article{minarik2019postcommunist,
  abstract = {The pace and the results of the post-communist transition in church-state relations differ across countries. In many countries, initial deregulation was replaced with subsequent re-regulation of religion. As the communist “scientific atheism” ceased to be the official state ideology, the dominant churches would aspire to fill the vacuum in certain countries. This is specifically the case of Orthodox Christianity with its tradition of close church-state cooperation.3Beyond the deregulation of religious activities, churches in post-communist countries needed to regain economic independence. Communist regimes had removed their economic base and made churches more or less financially dependent on the state. Churches in the post-communist period had to find a financial model that would support their operation. In most countries, they received back some of the property taken by the communists, but they still receive financial support from the state.},
  author = {Minarik, Pavol},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1093/jcs/csz083},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0021-969X},
  journal = {Journal of Church and State},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  month = {10},
  number = 4,
  pages = {654-670},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Post-Communist Church-State Settlements in Central Europe: Why Did It Take So Long in the Czech Republic?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csz083},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{rodriguezjusticia2019compliance,
  abstract = {This thesis contributes to the literature on tax morale with three studies organized in chapters: Given the insights from the psychological and political science literature about the role of education in the formation of social values, Chapter 1 analyzes two channels through which education shapes tax morale. The results indicate that education has a positive impact on tax morale for those individuals that are net beneficiaries of the welfare state, and a negative impact for those that are net contributors. Furthermore, the results indicate that the more highly educated because of their better knowledge on public affairs exhibit higher levels of tax morale in countries that have better quality public services, a fairer tax system and higher quality institutions. Based on the predictions from a theoretical model, Chapter 2 analyzes the channels through which ideological stances influence citizens willingness to pay taxes. A causal link between ideology and tax morale is established by using instrumental variables estimation with heteroskedasticity-based instruments. The results indicate that tax morale decreases with ideological differences between citizens and their governments. Citizens ideologically to the right of the government exhibit a lower willingness to pay taxes than those to the left. Therefore, an electoral change from a right-wing to a left-wing government reduces tax morale, an effect that becomes stronger with public sector size. Finally, Chapter 3 analyzes whether the belief that immigrants represent a threat to welfare sustainability affects citizens' willingness to pay taxes. The results robustly reveal lower levels of tax morale among those citizens who believe that immigrants are a strain on their country's welfare system. Considering that citizens' perceptions are unrelated to real levels of immigration and its real economic impact, the obtained results suggest that the belief that immigration erodes the welfare system could become a self-fulfilling prophecy},
  address = {Tarragona},
  author = {Rodriguez Justicia, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 138,
  school = {Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Departament d'Economia},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Tax compliance & the welfare state: the role of education, ideology and immigration in tax morale},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667720},
  year = 2019
}

@book{baloban2019vrednote,
  abstract = {U Europi se od 1981. godine kontinuirano, svakih desetak godina, provodi međunarodno istraživanje sustava vrednota te recepcije i primjene vrijednosnih orijentacija pod nazivom European Values Study (EVS). Hrvatska se u taj međunarodni projekt uključila s trećim valom istraživanja 1999. godine preko Katoličkoga bogoslovnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, koji je kao nositelj projekt interdisciplinarno okupio znanstvenike s različitih fakulteta Sveučilišta i znanstvenoistraživačkih instituta. Rezultate dosadašnjih istraživanja, kao i komentare istih, hrvatski su istraživači u posljednjih dvadesetak godina objelodanili u knjigama i časopisima na hrvatskom jeziku, kao i na stranim jezicima. U ovoj knjizi predstavljeni su određeni rezultati petog vala istraživanja u Hrvatskoj (2017./2018.), u komparaciji s trećim (1999.) i četvrtim valom (2008.) tako da se vidi kretanje (ne)prihvaćanja pojedinih vrednota u posljednja dva desetljeća u Hrvatskoj. Vrijednosti koje su istraživane su: obitelj, posao, religija, politika i slobodno vrijeme ; ZAtim solidarnost, pravednosti  socijalna osjetljivost kao i povjerenje u ljude i različite institucije, moral i etika te druge. Studiju su suizdali Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatsko katoličko sveučilište i Kršćanska sadašnjost.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Joseph and Črpić, Gordan and Ježovita, Josip},
  isbn = {978-953-11-119-66},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 102,
  publisher = {Kroatische Katholische Universität},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Vrednote u Hrvatskoj od 1999. do 2018. Prema European Values Study},
  url = {http://www.ks.hr/vrednote-u-hrvatskoj-od-1999-do-2018},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{brechon2019volutions,
  abstract = {Après avoir défini les valeurs et montré leur importance dans le fonctionnement des sociétés, la communication se centre sur quelques résultats de l'enquête européenne sur les valeurs (EVS), mise en oeuvre tous les 9 ans : sentiment de bonheur, perception de sa santé, sentiment de contrôler sa vie, pessimisme social et politique, individualisation, libéralisme des moeurs, fécondation in vitro, individualisme, altruisme, soif d'égalité, attitudes protestataires, confiance aux institutions (système de santé, système de sécurité sociale).},
  address = {Montréal, Kanada},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {XXXème congrès ALASS},
  eventdate = {22.08.-24.08.2019},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro french inproceedings},
  language = {french},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Évolutions des systèmes de valeurs en France et en Europe. Quels effets sur les systèmes de santé ?},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02457168/#},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{jaeck2019langen,
  abstract = {"In diesem Kapitel werden die i.e.S. auf die Politik bezogenen Variablen politischer Partizipation in ihrem Zeitverlauf seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung auf dem aktuellen Stand abgebildet. Hierfür knüpfen wir einerseits an unsere frühere longtitudinal angelegte Meta-Datenanalyse (Gabriel/Holtmann u.a. 2014 bzw. 2015) an und ergänzen diese Datenauswahl andererseits um ausgewählte weitere Variablen, wie Wahlbeteiligung bei allgemeinen Wahlen, direkte Demokratie und freiwilliges Engagement." Die ALLBUS-Daten aus dem Jahr 1990 bis 2018 werden als Ergänzungsdatensätze für die Analyse verwendet.},
  access-date = {9. Fassung, Januar 2020},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 34. Fassung, Januar 2020},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  author = {Jaeck, Tobias},
  availability = {15.10.2019},
  booktitle = {Die Umdeutung der Demokratie: Politische Partizipation in Ost-und Westdeutschland},
  editor = {Holtmann, Everhard},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5302 ; ZA5702 ; ZA6802},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {35-56},
  publisher = {Campus},
  study = {ALLBUSkum1980-2018 ; Langfrist-Online-Trackings},
  study-id = {Vor-& Nachwahl-Querschnitt, Kumulation 2009 (ZA5302) ; Vor-& Nachwahl-Querschnitt, Kumulation 2013 (ZA5702) ; Vor-& Nachwahl-Querschnitt, Kumulation 2017 (ZA6802)},
  title = {Die "langen Wellen" im Entwicklungsverlauf von politischer Partizipation in Ostdeutschland von 1990 bis zur Gegenwart},
  url = {https://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/politikwissenschaft/die_umdeutung_der_demokratie-15595.html},
  year = 2019
}

@article{li2020measuring,
  abstract = {Cultural impacts in planning increasingly receive attention from both academics and practitioners around Europe. However, comparative planning cultures studies face the challenges of lacking systematic comparison and empirical evidence, especially at the micro level of planning actors’ behaviour in interaction. This article aims to fill these gaps by (1) operationalizing the concept of planning culture; and (2) measuring and comparing it. We base our operationalization on the culturized planning model (Knieling, J., \& Othengrafen, F. (Eds.). (2009). Planning cultures in Europe: Decoding cultural phenomena in urban and regional planning. Farnham: Ashgate). We complement its explanatory power by building a link between planning culture and planning outcome through attitudes of planning actors. This article focuses on three attitudes: risk, trust and co-operation. To measure and compare these attitudes, we adopt three experimental economic games and conduct an experiment with public and private planning practitioners in three European countries: Belgium, the Netherlands and Norway. Both cross-country and public-private differences in these attitudes are tested in the experiment. Our experimental findings suggest that Dutch planning actors value risk aversion and trust; Norwegian planning actors value cooperation; while (French-speaking) Belgian planning actors do not value these variables that much. },
  author = {Li, Keyang and Dethier, Perrine and Eika, Anders and Samsura, D. Ary A. and van der Krabben, Erwin and Nordahl, Berit and Halleux, Jean-Marie},
  doi = {10.1080/09654313.2019.1612325},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1612325},
  journal = {European Planning Studies},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1118-1138},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Measuring and comparing planning cultures: risk, trust and co-operative attitudes in experimental games},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1612325},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{muller2020lupenreine,
  address = {Münster},
  author = {Müller, Frederik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro german mastersthesis},
  language = {german},
  school = {Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster },
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {’Lupenreine Demokrat*innen?‘ Zum Einfluss des Demokratieverständnisses auf die Wahl rechtspopulistischer Parteien},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://www.uni-muenster.de/imperia/md/content/ifpol/studieren/ma_politikwissenschaft/masterarbeit_muller_frederik_einfluss_rechtspopulistischer_partien_demokratieverstaendnis.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{klusonova2020dospl,
  address = {Brno},
  author = {Klusoňová, Adéla},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 104,
  school = {Masarykova Univerzita},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Dospělí účastníci zájmového vzdělávání perspektivou postmaterialistické teorie},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://is.muni.cz/th/ssg9r/Diplomova_prace_Klusonova_Adela.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{mader2019sollten,
  abstract = {Fachleute an der Spitze eines Landes wüssten vieles besser. Vielleicht würden sie auch rationaler entscheiden, als es Politiker tun. Nur demokratisch ist das nicht.},
  author = {Mäder, Alexander},
  journal = {Spektrum},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  series = {Mäders Moralfragen},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Sollten besser Experten regieren?},
  url = {https://www.spektrum.de/kolumne/sollten-besser-experten-regieren/1661020},
  year = 2019
}

@book{thonhauser2019kirche,
  abstract = {In Kärnten steht man der katholischen Kirche distanzierter gegenüber als in anderen österreichischen Bundesländern. Vieles deutet darauf hin, dass dies eng mit den politischen und gesellschaftlichen Eigenheiten des Landes zu tun hat. So staunt man außerhalb Kärntens über ungewöhnliche Wahlergebnisse, den Konflikt um die slowenische Sprache oder den hohen Anteil an unehelichen Kindern. Johannes Thonhauser zeigt in seiner historischen Untersuchung, inwiefern diese Phänomene mit einer weitverbreiteten Kirchenskepsis zusammenhängen. Als Schlüsselphase dafür beschreibt er die Zeit vor dem „Anschluss" 1938, in der sich der Nationalsozialismus im Widerstand gegen eine autoritäre Kirche formierte. Zugleich verfestigten sich in dieser Zeit zentrale Erinnerungstraditionen des Landes, die bis heute die „Kärntner Seele" prägen. Als Belegmaterial dienen dem Autor nicht nur bislang unveröffentlichtes Archivmaterial, sondern auch zahlreiche Auszüge aus Literatur und Kunst des Landes.},
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Thonhauser, Johannes},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.10152},
  doi = {10.7767/9783205232919},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Böhlau},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Die Kirche und die „Kärntner Seele“. Habitus, kulturelles Gedächtnis und katholische Kirche in Kärnten, insbesondere vor 1938},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7767/9783205232919},
  year = 2019
}

@article{baloban2019supsidijarni,
  abstract = {The article titled »The Subsidiary Development of the Croatian Society. Possibilities and Diﬃculties« discusses the issue of the development of the Croatian society in the perspective of subsidiarity. While the role and significance of the principle of subsidiarity in gaining ground within the development and functioning of the European Union, the topic of subsidiarity is practically unknown in the public discourse in the Croatian society. This makes theological-ecclesial discussions on subsidiarity, discussed by Croatian social ethicists, under its theoretical and practical aspect, all the more important. The first point, Theoretical Positioning: The Concept, Meaning, and Relevancy of Subsidiarity notes the contribution of the social teaching of the Church to the application of subsidiarity in society and especially the relevancy of subsidiarity for the development of the European society. That is the context within which the contribution of the principle of subsidiarity to the development of the Croatian society ought to be discussed. At the same time, subsidiarity is an expression of the human being’s freedom and allows an individual to practice his/her freedom by taking responsibility and by actively participating in the development of society. Therefore, subsidiarity inspires the renewal of social structures and the strengthening of the role of an individual and groups in responsible promotion of the common good. The second point, (Lack of) Awareness of Subsidiarity in the Croatian Society, presents the first empirical study of subsidiarity in Croatia, carried out in December, 2009. Results of this study indicate the lack of awareness of the concept and contents of the principle of subsidiarity in the Croatian society. That, on the one hand, points towards the need for a more fundamental awareness of the principle of subsidiarity and, on the other hand, towards diﬃculties in the practical application of subsidiarity on the development of the Croatian society. Within the project »European Values Study« (EVS), Croatian researchers did not deal with the issue of subsidiarity until now. This article addresses that task on the basis of three EVS waves – 1999, 2008, and 2017 – and on the basis of the empirical study (2009) that was carried out within the project of the Catholic Faculty of Theology of the University of Zagreb, titled »Subsidiarity in the Croatian Society«. This is treated in the third point, titled The Ability to Take Responsibility. Namely, one of the essential characteristics of subsidiary behaviour is the ability of an individual to take responsibility for solving issues and problems in society. On the basis of aforementioned empirical studies, this article discusses the issue whether such a subsidiary precondition exists in the Croatian society, in relation to various forms of taking responsibility. The Conclusion points out that two hypotheses proved correct and two incorrect. The hypothesis that there was a shift in favour of personal responsibility and private initiatives in the Croatian society did not prove correct. Furthermore, the hypothesis that younger and more educated individuals are more ready to take responsibility did not prove to be correct either. The hypothesis that freedom is an important factor for taking responsibility and the hypothesis that political preferences are not linked with economic issues and functioning of economy proved to be correct. Although, on the one hand, the article demonstrated that in relation to the subsidiary development of the Croatian society the diagnosis is not encouraging, on the other hand, results showed that approximately 1/3 of the population is ready to take a step in that direction. That part of the population also represents an unused potential that will support a serious reform of the state administration and local administrations in terms of subsidiarity. Such reform, however, cannot be of declarative nature, but instead it needs to allow the realisation of projects that are necessary for the integral development of the human being and society.},
  author = {Baloban, Josip and Črpić, Gordan and Migles, Silvija},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {443-468},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Supsidijarni razvoj hrvatskoga društva: mogućnosti i poteškoće (The Subsidiary Development of the Croatian Society. Possibilities and Diﬃculties)},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/223164},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{kleiner2020relation,
  abstract = {This study investigates how moral values structure the left/right identification of citizens. Specifically, this chapter reconnoitres how moral attitudes relate to the political fringes on both sides compared to economic attitudes. Using pooled data drawn from the World Value Survey (WVS) and the European Value Survey (EVS), this chapter calculates point-biseral correlation coefficients for 12 European countries at different points in time (1982-2014). The findings indicate that (1) both cultural and economic aspects determine mass political identification, (2) the significance of cultural aspects seems higher in traditional countries, (3) all influences remain largely stable over time. In addition, (4) this chapter identifies an unexpected pattern: while the economic dimension structures the political realm quite evenly, moral orientations seem to be divided into the ‘moral universalists' on the left pole and the ‘moral conservatives', who consider themselves as either moderate or rightist.},
  address = {Hershey},
  author = {Kleiner, Tuuli-Marja and Melcher, Reinhold},
  booktitle = {Political Identity and Democratic Citizenship in Turbulent Times},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.4018/978-1-7998-3677-3.ch009},
  editor = {Kristensen, Niels Noergaard},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9781799836773},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {203-229},
  publisher = {IGI Global},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Relation Between Moral Attitudes and Political Identity},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3677-3.ch009},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{servicenationaldelamissionuniverselledeleglise2019nouveau,
  abstract = {Le catholicisme recule en France. A tous les niveaux : la pratique régulière, ceux qui ne fréquentent les églises que pour les grandes fêtes, ceux qui se rattachent à cette religion sans pratiquer (cultuellement)… c’est une tendance de fond depuis 1981.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {{Service National de la Mission Universelle de l’Église}},
  keywords = {2012 2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro french techreport},
  language = {french},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Le nouveau paysage religieux français},
  url = {https://mission-universelle.catholique.fr/sinformer/europe-et-amerique-du-nord/300346-nouveau-paysage-religieux-francais/},
  year = 2019
}

@article{kleinhempel2022changing,
  abstract = {We assess how social capital relates to individuals? initial interest in becoming an entrepreneur, formally setting up a venture, and subsequent survival of the venture. Conceptualizing and measuring entrepreneurship as a sequential process inferred from cross-sectional data for 22,878 individuals living in 110 regions across 22 European countries, we find that regional social capital is relevant for formally setting up a venture, but it is not associated with initial interest, nor with venture survival after establishment. By assuming variability and not uniformity in how social capital relates to entrepreneurship, we gain a better understanding of the contextual determinants of the venture creation process.},
  author = {Kleinhempel, Johannes and Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and Klasing, Mariko J.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4726 ; 10.4232/1.10210 ; 10.4232/1.11590 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/1042258720913022},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4726 v1.0.0 ; ZA5439 v1.0.0 ; ZA5789 v1.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {10422587},
  journal = {Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {297-330},
  study-id = {FlashEB192 ; FlashEB283 ; FlashEB354 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Changing Role of Social Capital During the Venture Creation Process: A Multilevel Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258720913022},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2022
}

@techreport{gouveia2019atitudes,
  abstract = {Ao longo das últimas décadas tem-se assistido a mudanças cruciais na sociedade portuguesa e na sociedade brasileira no que respeita ao crescente reconhecimento público, político e legal dos direitos sociais de homens e mulheres homossexuais. Por um lado, testemunha-se alguns progressos relevantes na legitimação e visibilidade dos direitos sociais de homens e mulheres homossexuais, tais como a criminalização da homofobia e o acesso legal à conjugalidade e à parentalidade. Por outro, persistem fortes desigualdades sociais e formas de discriminação e exclusão social, que afetam grandemente as suas sociabilidades, práticas familiares, o seu bem- -estar e o exercício pleno da sua cidadania.},
  address = {Lisboa},
  author = {Gouveia, Rita and Moser, Liliane},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Observatórios do Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  pages = 12,
  series = {Research brief},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Atitudes sociais face à homossexualidade em Portugal e no Brasil no virar do século XXI},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10451/39626},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{storm2020report,
  abstract = {This report on the relationship between inequality and youth radicalisation is written on the basis of statistical analysis of five cross-national population surveys, and two youth surveys. The primary purpose of this research was to examine associations between different forms of national and individual level inequality and social attitudes associated with far right and Islamist radicalisation among young people. While none of the questions available in multiple large-scale surveys can identify extremism or radicalisation directly, there are some that capture attitudes and opinions that we would expect far right and/or Islamist extremists to typically hold. These are Attitudes towards political violence; Antidemocratic attitudes, and Anti-Muslim attitudes. This report attempts to systematically analyse the relationship of these attitudes with demographic information, experiences and attitudes relevant for inequalities on the individual level and countrylevel variables relevant for inequalities on the macro-level. This is done in order to see whether these attitudes, proxies for cognitive radicalisation, are more common among people who have personal experience or perceptions of economic or social adversity, discrimination or feelings of injustice, or people from economically unequal countries. Most of the analysis is restricted to under 30-year olds, although we also do some comparative analyses. The secondary data analysis shows that there is no straightforward relationship between inequality and cognitive radicalisation, measured as support for political violence, opposition to democracy, and negative attitudes to Muslims. Most notably, income inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient was not significant in any of the analyses. However, this does not mean that there is no relationship at all between inequality and attitudes associated with radicalisation. We find that indicators of individual level financial difficulty, as well as lower GDP, welfare expenditure and governance quality at the country level are predictors of some, but not all of the outcome variables. Moreover, as well as the previously documented perceived injustice, and experiences of discrimination, a sense of powerlessness is one of the most consistent factors across datasets. Perceived inequality and lack of control could increase group identity, which in turn can increase experienced horizontal inequality and radicalised narratives to frame and make sense of such experiences. However, it is important to note that this is only one of many possibilities. Mainstream groups, institutions and narrative could fulfil the same search for compensatory control, order and purpose as extremist movements. None of the variables in our models, can reliably distinguish between those who hold extremist attitudes and not, much less who acts on them. This difference, although it can be influenced by social and economic disadvantage, seems largely dependent on situational and idiosyncratic factors, and other unobserved and variables like personality and prior experience. It should also be noted that most of the relationships reported here are very weak, and this combined with the other limitations mentioned above, makes it difficult to extract any practical or policy implications, without considering the wider literature and research in more specific milieus of radicalisation.},
  address = {Manchester},
  author = {Storm, Ingrid and Pavlovic, Tomislav and Franc, Renata},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  institution = {Dialogue about Radicalisation and Equality},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 725349,
  pages = 202,
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Report on the relationship between inequality and youth radicalisation from existing European survey datasets},
  url = {http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/1057314.d4.3.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{mazzucchelli2019conceptualising,
  abstract = {Since the early 1990s, the demand for Parental Leave and formal ECEC services has been increasing in all European countries as more women have entered the labour market (Annesley, 2007). Although the EU Directive on Parental Leave has obliged member states to introduce appropriate legislation, significant differences in this leave can still be found among countries in relation to eligibility, duration, levels of payment and flexibility (Koslowski et al, 2016). The aim of this chapter is to explore whether the often-used approach (à la Esping-Andersen) to identify welfare regimes according to their unique and mutually exclusive characteristics helps us to},
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Mazzucchelli, Sara and Pesenti, Luca and Bosoni, M. Letizia},
  booktitle = {Parental Leave and Beyond: Recent International Developments, Current Issues and Future Directions},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.2307/j.ctvfrxngh.20},
  editor = {Moss, Peter and Duvander, Ann-Zofie and Koslowski, Alison},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {241-260},
  publisher = {Bristol University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Conceptualising leave within a broader framework},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvfrxngh.20},
  year = 2019
}

@article{yanakiev2015securitization,
  abstract = {This paper presents a comparative study of public perceptions of Muslim communities and immigrants in selected West, Central and Southeast European countries based on Eurobarometer and European Values Study data over 2001 - 2015. The analysis reveals some indicators of a process of securitization of interethnic and interfaith relations. The problem is that this process affects successful diversity management policy implementation in contemporary European societies. This situation calls for the implementation of innovative public policies in response to different sources of ethnocultural diversity in the present-day societies. },
  author = {Yanakiev, Yantsislav},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.3603},
  doi = {10.47054/SD152.10145y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA3603 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Security Dialogues},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {2-1},
  pages = {145-162},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; FlashEB114},
  title = {Securitization of Interethnic and Interfaith Relations: West and East European Public Perceptions Compared},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.47054/SD152.10145y},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2015
}

@inproceedings{juknevicius2019social,
  abstract = {This article presents the calculation methodology of the social disintegration index (SDIx) and an analysis of its applications. Social disintegration is interpreted as a lack of integration, and the Social Disintegration Index is calculated as a value supplementing the average of various social integration indicators to the figure of one. This index allows comparison of groups and societies according to the elasticity of relations between their members and can be compared to Social Network Index (SNI) or Social, Cultural and Civic Integration Index (SCCII). Another application of SDIx is in suicide analysis. In this case, Social Disintegration Index may be used to validate Emile Durkheim's theory of suicides. And, finally, the SDIx may be applied to the construction of certain models of human behavior. In this case, we presume that social disintegration means behavioral changes which, in their turn, are determined by the changes in stimuli (typical situations) and mentalities.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Juknevicius, Stanislovas},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Simulation of Social-Behavioral Phenomena in Creative Societies. First International EURO Mini Conference, MSBC 2019, Vilnius, Lithuania, September 18–20, 2019},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  editor = {Agarwal, Nitin and Sakalauskas, Leonidas and Weber, Gerhard-Wilhelm},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-29862-3},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {3-11},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Social Disintegration Index and Its Applications},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29862-3_1},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{linz2019legitimacy,
  abstract = {The difference in the legitimacy of democracy and capitalism is, respectively, 41.3 percent and 37.2 percent, while that regarding efficiency is 33.3 percent and 31.1 percent. Legitimacy is an idea of central importance in political thought and science, although the concept has proven difficult to use in comparative research. The other side of the equation is legitimacy of the social and economic system, which again should be kept separate from trust in the agents of the system or its concrete performance. The “normal” democracies fall mainly into one of two types: both the democratic political institutions and the social and economic order enjoy considerable legitimacy or the democratic institutions enjoy such a legitimacy but the legitimacy of the social-economic system is questioned. The data from the European Values Study of 1981 allow to explore some of the legitimacy problems comparatively. The data suggest that the challenge to the economic system varies considerably from country to country.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Linz, Juan J.},
  booktitle = {Comparing Pluralist Democracies. Strains On Legitimacy},
  doi = {10.4324/9780429036620-3},
  editor = {Dogan, Mattei},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {65-113},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Legitimacy of Democracy and the Socioeconomic System},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036620-3},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{tajik2019ickedemokratiska,
  abstract = {Both consensus democracy and proportional electoral systems have been deemed to favor political participation over political competition. The aim of this paper is to test whether these power-sharing institutional arrangements correlate positively with non-democratic attitudes when the degree of ethnic and religious fragmentation is low. Data about people's attitudes towards democracy are collected from the World Value Survey and European Value Survey and cover up to 55 democratic societies. The hypotheses are tested by employing an ordinary least square multivariate regression model and use ethnic and religious fractionalization as interaction variables. By doing so it is possible to determine whether the correlation between the two power-sharing institutions and the share of non-democratic attitudes among a population might be moderated by a third variable (either ethnic or religious fractionalization). The main finding of the paper seems to suggest that no such interaction effect seems to be active. Neither consensus democracy nor proportional electoral systems were shown to correlate positively with non-democratic attitudes when the degree of ethnic or religious fractionalization was low. However, there seem to be some indications that proportional electoral systems might correlate negatively with non-democratic attitudes when ethnic fractionalization is low. },
  address = {Uppsala},
  author = {Tajik, Mattias},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14804 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v1.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 43,
  school = {Uppsala University, Department of Government},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Icke-demokratiska attityder i homogena och maktdelande demokratier},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1280560/FULLTEXT01.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{savelyev201919902000,
  abstract = {The paper aims to acquaint Ukrainian sociologists with the research findings regarding modernisation processes and changes in value systems, which were happening in post-socialist countries of Eastern Europe during profound societal transformations of the 1990s and the first half of the 2000s. The analysis demonstrates that modernisation is a permanent, relative, non-linear and antinomic process. Antinomies of modernity are linked to the emancipation process and the corresponding change in value orientations in society. Emancipation, which is unfolding against a backdrop of improving the quality of life, is accompanied by the rise of personal responsibility for choices being made, as well as by threats to individual freedom. This brings into sharp focus the inclusiveness of modernisation. On the other hand, unfavourable socio-economic environment along with declining sense of existential security may lead to de-modernisation, which is coupled with shrinking tolerance and dwindling willingness to accept others, receding trust in democratic institutions, disruptions to rational communication in society, weaker support for emancipative values and adherence to materialistic ones. The estimate of effects related to a certain historical period and generational turnover through intra- and inter-cohort components of social change, which was made using statistical modelling, has shown that socialisation is a key factor explaining continuity of the modernisation trend — since there are cohort differences in value orientations formed during a gradual improvement of the quality of life in the preceding period. In 13 post-socialist countries, there is a tendency for emancipative values to spread due to socialisation; however, in a few of them a statistically significant inter-cohort component is combined with adverse contextual factors. Thus, even though European integration has proved to be quite an effective strategy for modernisation in most post-socialist Eastern European countries, it is not an irreversible process. Such a perspective helps to better understand the contradictory nature of transformations taking place in Eastern Europe, particularly in Ukrainian society.},
  author = {Savelyev, Yurii},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.15407/sociology2019.02.070},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {70-97},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Інклюзивна модернізація і суперечності ціннісних змін у країнах Східної Європи у 1990–2000-х роках (Inclusive modernization and contradictions of value change in East European countries in 1990-2000s)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2019.02.070},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{sindingbentzen2015religiosity,
  abstract = {Religiosity affects everything from fertility and labor force participation to health. But why are some societies more religious than others? To answer this question, I test the religious coping theory, which states that many individuals draw on their religious beliefs to understand and deal with adverse life events. Combining subnational district level data on values across the globe from the World Values Survey with spatial data on natural disasters, I find that individuals are more religious when their district was hit recently by an earthquake. And further, that individuals are more religious when living in areas with higher long term earthquake risk. Using data on children of immigrants in Europe, I document that this is mainly due to a long-term effect: high religiosity levels evolving in high earthquake risk areas, is passed on through generations to individuals no longer living in high earthquake risk areas. The impact is global: earthquakes increase religiosity both within Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, and within all continents. Last, I document that the results are consistent with the literature on religious coping and inconsistent with alternative theories of insurance or selection.},
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Sinding Bentzen, Jeanet},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  eprint = {http://oup.prod.sis.lan/ej/article-pdf/129/622/2295/29195955/uez008.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {University of Copenhagen, Department of Economics},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 71,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Acts of God? Religiosity and Natural Disasters Across Subnational World Districts*},
  year = 2015
}

@article{pavllovic2019postmaterialism,
  abstract = {Ronald Inglhart's modernization theory provides a model of global value change, with affirmation of specific national paths of change. The paper considered the importance of the index of postmaterialism as a key element of the self-expression dimension. The distribution of (post)materialistic values in Serbia is presented based on data from the European Values Study and World Values Study from 2001, 2005 and 2008. The data indicate the presence of a stable structure in which the mixed and materialistic type predominates.The influence of sociodemographic factors on postmaterialism was examined by applying the regression analysis to the data from 2008. The results indicate a significant influence of the age, level of education and size of the city, while the impact of the amount of income is not statistically significant. The obtained results support Inglhart's theory of values, but do not exclude the effect of the life cycle.},
  author = {Pavllovic, Nina},
  doi = {10.22190/TEME190227053P},
  issn = {1820-7804},
  journal = {TEME},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {885-899},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Postmaterialism in Serbia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22190/TEME190227053P },
  volume = 43,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{fernandes2019resumo,
  address = {Lissabon},
  author = {Fernandes, Tiago and Santana-Pereira, José and Sanches, João Cancela Edalina Rodrigues},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos},
  isbn = {978 ‑989 ‑8943‑77‑4},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  pages = 66,
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Resumo do estudo: Cultura política e democracia},
  url = {https://www.ffms.pt/publicacoes/grupo-estudos/3907/instituicoes-e-qualidade-da-democracia-cultura-politica-na-europa-do-sul},
  year = 2019
}

@article{mrzenova2019jedinek,
  abstract = {Chudáčci, ze kterých vyrostou osamělí a sobečtí mamánci. I když jedináčků přibývá, stále jsou považováni za něco divného a předsudky o nich se nemění. Přitom to, jestli bude potomek rozmazlený, ovlivňuje výchova, nikoli počet sourozenců. Navíc být jediným dítětem v rodině přináší i spoustu plusů.},
  author = {Mrzenová, Nicole},
  journal = {Týdeníku Květy},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {18.07.2019},
  pages = {24-29},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Jedináček: prokletí, nebo výhoda?},
  url = {https://www.soc.cas.cz/sites/default/files/soubory/kvety-2019-07-18.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{baloban2019kretanje,
  abstract = {The article analyses ecclesiality in pastoral-theological and sociological perspective in the period of last twenty years, i.e., from 1999 until 2017, which corresponds with the three consequent research waves of the international project European Values Study (EVS), i.e., EVS – 1999, EVS – 2008, and EVS – 2017. As a multidimensional reality, the authors analyse shifts in ecclesiality in the Croatian society in its six dimensions: dimension of confessional membership, dimension of religious truths, ritual dimension, moral-ethical dimension, experiential dimension, and dimension of trust in the Church. After the first point in which they point out Methodological Notes, in the second point they are presenting Ecclesiality as a Multidimensional Reality that is not only manifested in numerous dimensions, but also as a reality that is multifaceted. Hence, one can discuss gradual and distanced ecclesiality within a specific dimension, within a number of dimensions together, or even within all dimensions. That reality has been present in the history of humanity from the very beginning of Christianity and the historical Church of Jesus, but in the last few decades it has been confronted with challenges od (neo)liberalisation, individualisation, and relativization, especially in democratic societies, among which also the Croatian society. The third point, An Analysis and Comparison of Results, uses graphs, tables, and socio-demographic characteristics in order to analyse and compare results of all three research waves, EVS – 1999, EVS – 2008, and EVS – 2017, with an emphasis on EVS – 2017. These results confirm that shifts in ecclesiality between 1999 and 2017 are characterised by a certain decrease in various percentages in four dimensions. Furthermore, the largest decrease has been noted in the dimension of trust in the Church, although the nominal membership in the Roman Catholic Church has been stable in the last twenty years. The authors are analysing the shifts in ecclesiality through aforementioned four dimensions in detail in the fourth point, A Critical Review of All Three Waves of Research. Among other things, this point discusses selective Christianity, distanced ecclesiality, selective acceptance of fundamental truths of the Christian creed, growing distancing in moral-ethical dimension of ecclesiality, partial identification with the historical Church of Jesus, etc. The Conclusion shows that one cannot talk about nominal distancing from the Church at the present time, which confirms the first hypothesis. A further distancing in the dimension of religious truths has been noted, which confirms the second hypothesis. The decrease in ecclesiality has also taken place in the ritual dimension, which largely confirms the fourth hypothesis. Indicative results have also been acquired in the moral-ethical dimension. On the one hand, for instance in the last twenty years there has been an increase in those who would not endorse tax evasion and this attitude is approved by 93% of examinees in EVS – 2017. On the other hand, the number of those who approve of divorce, abortion, and euthanasia is increasing, which confirms the fourth hypothesis. The largest decrease of ecclesiality took place in the dimension of trust in the Church, which has been in continuous decrease since 1999 and this confirms the fifth hypothesis. Conclusively, it can be said that the reality of gradual and distanced ecclesiality is becoming more and more obvious in all dimensions of ecclesiality – from the confessional membership to trust in the Church.},
  author = {Baloban, Josip and Šimunović, Josip and Ježovita, Josip},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {411-441},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Kretanje crkvenosti u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2017. godine. Analiza i kritički osvrt (The Shifts in Ecclesiality in the Croatian Society from 1999 until 2018. An Analysis and Critical Review)},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/223161},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{weiss2019nepevlcovala,
  address = {Prag},
  author = {Weiss, Martin},
  institution = {Echo24.cz},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Jak nás (ne)převálcovala gay propaganda},
  url = {https://echo24.cz/a/SBcWE/jak-nas-neprevalcovala-gay-propaganda},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{cotnareanu2018minorit,
  abstract = {The Romanian Revolution of 1989 began the process of democratization after more than four decades of communism. Numerous economic, political and social changes followed the fall of the totalitarian regime, especially as a result of the country's accession to the European Union. One of the issues that demonstrates the progress and the limits of Romania’s transition to democracy is the conflicting memories awakened by the historiographical revision. Pressure from European and international institutions has created political opportunities for minorities, including Hungarians, Jews, and the Roma; to find their place in national history, which until now had been ignored. Despite the new political opportunities and the advances of the Jewish and Hungarian communities, the Roma have remained largely absent from Romania’s national history. This analysis examines the factors that explain the gap between the representation of the Roma with that of the Jewish and the Hungarian communities through the lens of the political process model, which encompasses three well-established factors of the social movement theory: political opportunities, resource mobilization, and framing.},
  address = {Montréal},
  author = {Cotnareanu, Dana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro french phdthesis},
  language = {french},
  pages = 132,
  school = {Université de Montréal, Département de science politique },
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Une minorité sans histoire: le cas des Roms en Roumanie},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22251},
  year = 2018
}

@article{gindl2019familie,
  abstract = {Österreichern werden Freunde und Freizeit immer wichtiger, besagt die Europäische Wertestudie, die von 1990 bis 2018 durchgeführt wurde.  Einen starken Wandel gibt es im Bereich Religiosität. Politik steht nur bei wenigen Österreicher ganz vorne in der Werteskala.},
  author = {Gindl, Barbara},
  journal = {Die Presse},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Familie vor Arbeit, Freunde vor Religion: Was den Österreichern wichtig ist},
  url = {https://www.diepresse.com/5661310/familie-vor-arbeit-freunde-vor-religion-was-den-osterreichern-wichtig-ist},
  year = 2019
}

@article{fabrykant2019russianspeaking,
  abstract = {This essay examines the development of a form of Russian-speaking Belarusian national identity. While Belarus’s early post-Soviet nationalists relied upon Belarusian as the central pillar of national identity, this has been challenged by more ‘pragmatic’ nationalists using the ‘language of the people’, namely, Russian. Analysing history textbooks and popular history books that represent three key identity projects in Belarus, this study sheds light on the specific programmatic ideas of a new Russian-speaking Belarusian nationalism. Despite the emergence of the geopolitically-motivated Russian World (Russkii Mir) concept, some Russian-speaking nationalists have articulated a programme that paradoxically draws upon Russian neo-Eurasianist thought, but which is simultaneously anti-Russian. },
  author = {Fabrykant, Marharyta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/09668136.2018.1555796},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2018.1555796},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Europe-Asia Studies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {117-136},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Russian-speaking Belarusian Nationalism: An Ethnolinguistic Identity Without a Language?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2018.1555796},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2019
}

@article{vlachova2019country,
  abstract = {National pride is a group-based and sometimes collective emotion that people feel toward their nation-state. It is often measured by the general national pride item in cross-national surveys. Czechs are among those nations whose members express low levels of general national pride in comparison with those of other nations in the European Union. Scholars debate the extent to which general national pride is influenced by social desirability or other identifiable reasons. The goal of this article is to identify the specific reasons that influence general national pride in the Czech Republic. Using data from the October 2015 round of the survey Naše společnost, I examine what makes Czechs proud of their country. Among frequently mentioned reasons for national pride are the country’s beauty, nature, cities, and history, as well as respondents’ family and friends. Results of an ordinal regression analysis based on the European Values Study 2008 data confirm that general national pride is significantly influenced by political interest, confidence in government and satisfaction with the development of democracy, happiness, and social trust.},
  author = {Vlachová, Klára},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1017/nps.2018.22},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {00905992},
  journal = {Nationalities Papers},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1000-1012},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {“This Country Is Not for Anyone”: Explanations of Low National Pride in the Czech Republic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2018.22},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2019
}

@article{sirovatka2019support,
  abstract = {Since the fall of the communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989, a neoliberal discourse has dominated the thinking of the political elite in post-communist countries, paving the way for unprecedented mass privatisation, economic deregulation, and other market reforms. In this article, we study the development of public support for market economy principles in post-communist countries compared to other European countries between 1999 and 2008, the period that directly followed the initial stage of market transformation. The article is based on data from the European Values Study covering 22 European countries for the years 1999/2000 and 2008/2009. In addition to analysing the trends, multilevel regression models are used to study the determinants and levels of support for the market economy in post-communist and other European countries. When controlling for individual and country-level variables, a significant increase in support for market economy principles is observed in the post-communist cluster, which is not the case in the other countries. There is some inconsistency in support for the individual principles of market economics: support exists in post-communist countries for the notion that the state should be responsible for the social and economic well-being of its inhabitants and for state regulation of the economy, while support is high for some market economy principles, such as free competition and private ownership. In other words, support for some kind of social market seems to prevail among people living in post-communist countries, based on the notion that the state should combine a market economy with relatively generous social policies.},
  author = {Sirovátka, Tomáš and Guzi, Martin and Saxonberg, Steven},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologicky Casopis},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {319-345},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Support for Market Economy Principles in European Post-Communist Countries during 1999--2008},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=787949},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2019
}

@article{marzecki2020constructive,
  abstract = {In many post-communist countries, the concept of patriotism is used instrumentally in populist discourses. It is rarely the subject of a substantive public debate, in which symbolic elites would be able to openly discuss and negotiate the scope of its meaning in front of an interested audience. A long-term plan to shape constructive civil attitudes gives way to the pressure of being effective in current politics. The author proposes to look at the category of patriotism in a socially useful way and to treat it as an important factor in the process of building a civil society. The young generation can play a significant role in this process. Poland seems to be an interesting case for the analysis of this research problem. This paper has two objectives. The descriptive objective is to present the author's research data on a sense and understanding of patriotism among Polish students. Its aim is to describe the prevailing pattern of patriotic attitudes and ideas about patriotism as shared by students. The explanatory objective of this paper is to answer the question about the constructive potential of patriotism: whether and to what extent it is an important determinant of civic activity. The results obtained should lead to practical conclusions that may be useful for various social institutions which are interested in releasing the positive energy of citizens and orienting them to functional goals, that is, the education system, as well as for political institutions that design and implement elements of the so-called youth policy.},
  author = {Marzęcki, Radosław},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.1017/ipo.2019.15},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  issn = {00488402},
  journal = {Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {33-51},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Constructive emotions? Patriotism as a predictor of civic activity in Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.15},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{kies2019tendre,
  abstract = {Avec 78% de vote contraire, le référendum de juin 2015 portant sur l’étendue du droit de vote actif pour les élections législatives aux résidents étrangers, sera rappelé comme un évènement marquant de l’histoire politique et sociale contemporaine du Luxembourg au même titre que le référendum de 2005 portant sur le traité constitutionnel européen. Suivant une analyse largement partagée au lendemain du référendum, il marquerait un point de cassure durable entre, d’une part, l’élite économique, sociale et culturelle du Luxembourg qui embrasse avec confiance la mondialisation, le cosmopolitisme et le multilinguisme, et, d’autre part, le reste du pays qui à travers un vote massif contre le référendum a souhaité exprimer sa perte de repères identitaires, sociaux et politiques par rapport à une société qui évolue trop rapidement. L’objectif de ce chapitre est celui de définir sur base d'une analyse portant sur les résultats d'un sondage post-électorale commissionée par la Chambre des Députés, si cette interprétation est effectivement celle qui permet d’expliquer le résultat du référendum de juin 2015.},
  address = {Bruxelles},
  author = {Kies, Raphaël},
  booktitle = {Démocratie(s), parlementarisme(s) et légitimité(s)},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Farhat, Nadim and Poirier, Philippe},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro french incollection},
  language = {french},
  pages = { Peer reviewed :	},
  publisher = {Bruylant},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Étendre le droit de vote des étrangers aux élections législatives : Pourquoi les Luxembourgeois n’en veulent pas?},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10993/39866},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{kleinhempel2020essays,
  abstract = {There is a broad consensus among researchers, policymakers, and practitioners that socio-cultural conditions influence entrepreneurship profoundly. A rapidly growing, rich, and multidisciplinary literature in comparative international entrepreneurship research has highlighted the importance of socio-cultural conditions in explaining the substantial and persistent variation in entrepreneurship rates around the world. However, the underlying mechanisms through which socio-cultural conditions influence entrepreneurship have remained elusive because of analytical challenges and conflicting findings. To advance this ongoing discussion, this dissertation introduces fresh perspectives that guide theorizing and testing on how socio-cultural conditions influence entrepreneurship. First, the distinct literatures on entrepreneurial process and comparative entrepreneurship research are synthesized against a background of societal social capital theory. Conceptualizing entrepreneurship as a dynamic and regionally embedded multi-staged process, it is shown that regional social capital has a profound yet changing influence over the course of the new venture creation process. Second, combining insights from cross-cultural theory and cultural transmission theory, durability, portability, and intergenerational transmission are articulated as mechanisms that link past cultural conditions in one locality to current entrepreneurial activity in another locality. Studying second-generation immigrants of distinct ancestries, it is shown that (country-of-ancestry) cultural effects can be isolated and influence entrepreneurship in a likely causal way. Third, the conceptual differences are outlined between three perspectives that link culture and entrepreneurship: the aggregate traits, legitimacy, and social support perspectives. Isolating the aggregate traits perspective from the other two perspectives and contextual conditions, it is shown that culture influences entrepreneurship through its effect on individuals’ values.},
  address = {Groningen},
  author = {Kleinhempel, Johannes},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.33612/diss.111582628},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-94-034-2279-4},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 256,
  school = {University of Groningen},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Essays in Comparative International Entrepreneurship Research},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.111582628},
  year = 2020
}

@article{mulder2022extensions,
  abstract = {The Schwarz or Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is one of the most widely used tools for model comparison in social science research. The BIC, however, is not suitable for evaluating models with order constraints on the parameters of interest. This article explores two extensions of the BIC for evaluating order-constrained models, one where a truncated unit information prior is used under the order-constrained model and the other where a truncated local unit information prior is used. The first prior is centered on the maximum likelihood estimate, and the latter prior is centered on a null value. Several analyses show that the order-constrained BIC based on the local unit information prior works better as an Occam’s razor for evaluating order-constrained models and results in lower error probabilities. The methodology based on the local unit information prior is implemented in the R package “BICpack” which allows researchers to easily apply the method for order-constrained model selection. The usefulness of the methodology is illustrated using data from the European Values Study. },
  author = {Mulder, J. and Raftery, A. E.},
  doi = {10.1177/0049124119882459},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124119882459},
  journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {471-498 },
  study = {EVS},
  title = {BIC Extensions for Order-constrained Model Selection},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124119882459},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2022
}

@article{prokhoda2020,
  abstract = {This research is based on the materials of the fifth wave of the cross-national sociological project “European Values Study”. The conceptual framework consists in the theory of a complex threat, describing the key components of the perceived threat that lead to prejudice between social groups. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of the perception of migration by native population as a potential threat to the security of the accepting society. Special attention is paid to the description of current migration situation in Europe. The article reviews the realistic and symbolic threats of migration through the prism of public opinion of the native population. It is stated that the European countries significantly differ depending on perception of migration threats by the native population. The author notes that population of the countries with developed economy mostly do not feel competition with the migrants on the job market. A conclusion is made that in the conditions of Russia’s unstable national economy and pressure of sanctions, the migrants seem to Russians as a serious threat on the job market. It is evident that in the European countries the migrants are largely perceived as a source of criminality. The research determines the factors affecting rejection of migrants in modern Russia. The author offers the typology of European countries based on peculiarities of perception of migration threats by the native population.},
  author = {Prokhoda, Vladimir},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.7256/2454-0668.2020.2.32472},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Национальная безопасность / nota bene},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {62-82},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Миграция как угроза безопасности принимающего сообщества: особенности восприятия коренным населением},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2020.2.32472},
  year = 2020
}

@article{weiss2019translation,
  abstract = {This article examines the moderating role of regional social capital in the intention–behaviour link in entrepreneurship. We investigate to what extent the regional social capital context in which aspiring entrepreneurs are embedded strengthens or weakens the translation of individual entrepreneurial intentions into new venture creation activities. Our results suggest that the intention–behaviour link is weakened by cognitive regional social capital in the form of regional hierarchy values and strengthened by structural regional capital in the form of regional cultural diversity and regional breadth of associational activity, as well as by relational regional social capital in the form of high levels of regional generalised trust. Our findings suggest that to support new venture creation activity, there is a need to grow regional social capital via the enhancement of social trust, associational activities and regional cultural diversity – and at the same time decrease hierarchical social structures within regions. },
  author = {Weiss, Jan and Anisimova, Tatiana and Shirokova, Galina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0266242619831170},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Small Business Journal},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {473-501},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The translation of entrepreneurial intention into start-up behaviour: The moderating role of regional social capital},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242619831170},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{lindqvist2020separating,
  abstract = {A number of scholars have suggested that the left-right dimension can be simplified to a conflict over how much inequality should be accepted in society. Yet previous research has found that while acceptance of inequality may correlate with right-wing self-placements in Western Europe, the same does not apply in Eastern Europe. This paper revisits this by examining inequality in relation to class, gender, sexuality and ethnicity (/immigration), taking into account that different inequalities are politicised in different countries and have differing levels of importance for the left-right dimension depending on the context. Results of multilevel regression models demonstrate that attitudes favourable to change in an egalitarian direction correlate with left-wing self-placements in both Eastern and Western Europe. This critical break from previous research is especially important for future studies on Eastern Europe, where the left-right dimension has previously been understood to function very differently compared to Western Europe.},
  address = {Dublin},
  author = {Lindqvist, Jesper},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  institution = {University College Dublin},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2020/14},
  series = {Discussion Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Separating Left from Right in Eastern Europe: Re-examining Attitudes Towards Inequality},
  url = {https://www.ucd.ie/geary/static/publications/workingpapers/gearywp202014.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{champonnois2019trust,
  abstract = {In environmental valuation surveys, some respondents state a zero willingness to pay that does not reflect their preferences. Among the rationale for such a value, I focus on mistrust in institutions. The results in the existing literature depends on whether the effect is identified by respondents' statements or by a random assignment of the managing institution. This paper tackle this issue using a new identification strategy. By merging country data on perception of institutions with meta-data from environmental valuation surveys, I am able to estimate the effect of trust in institutions on the protest responses in the surveys, wiping out the effect of each studies' specificities. Results show that trust in institutions is not a significant determinants of protest responses.},
  author = {Champonnois, Victor},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Economics Bulletin},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {446-452},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {How does trust in institutions affect protest responses in environmental valuation surveys?},
  url = {https://ideas.repec.org/a/ebl/ecbull/eb-19-00047.html},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2019
}

@article{zelenev2020subjective,
  abstract = {The article applies a multidisciplinary approach and investigates the viability of using an integrative characteristic of psychological security to assess macrosocial situation regionally and nationally. The paper is based on the data drawn from European Values Study (EVS). The countries and Russian federal districts were ranged according to the following parameters: subjective well-being, generalized trust, institutional trust, and psychological security. The results suggest that, compared with residents of other EVS member countries, the level of subjective well-being among Russians is extremely low. Only Bulgaria has a lower position. On the other pole of the scale are Switzerland, Iceland and Norway. In terms of generalized trust the list of 30 countries is headed by Denmark, with Albania at the bottom of the list. Unfortunately, Russia cannot be found among the countries with the highest levels of generalized trust. By European standards, Russia has an average level of institutional trust in the list, with Bulgaria at the bottom, and Norway remaining and the top. Of all participant countries, seven have lower levels of psychological security than Russia; Bulgaria and Albania have the lowest standings; the most favorable situation is in Finland and  Norway. The study also reveals leaders and outsiders among Russian federal districts and describes strong and weak points of psychological security in Russia.},
  author = {Zelenev, Ilya A. and Prokhoda, Vladimir A.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.14515/monitoring.2020.1.14.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {340-367},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Субъективное благополучие и доверие в контексте психологической безопасности в современной России и других европейских странах (Subjective Well-Being and Trust in the Context of Psychological Security in Contemporary Russia and Other European Countries)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2020.1.14},
  volume = 155,
  year = 2020
}

@article{dottisani2021stayathome,
  abstract = {This article investigates whether there are childcare penalties and premiums at the intersection of gender, work–family arrangements, and education among parents in Italy, a country with a familistic welfare state and a traditional division of labor within couples. The results indicate that children in male breadwinner households are not exposed to more childcare time than those living in a dual-earner arrangement, except when both parents are highly educated, in which case a childcare premium emerges. The implications for social inequalities are discussed in light of the societal transformations that have occurred in the country over the past few decades.},
  author = {Dotti Sani, Giulia M},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1093/sp/jxaa014},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1072-4745},
  journal = {Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {896–920},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Is it “Good” to Have a Stay-at-Home Mom? Parental Childcare Time and Work–Family Arrangements in Italy, 1988–2014},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxaa014},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{bodifernandez2019bedeutung,
  abstract = {Kaum ein Lebensbereich hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten so stark an Bedeutung gewonnen wie die Freizeit. Vor dem Hintergrund struktureller Wandlungsprozesse wie Arbeitszeitverkürzungen auf der einen Seite und Steigerungen des Wohlstands auf der anderen Seite erscheinen moderne Gesellschaften zunehmend als Freizeitgesellschaften. Während Freizeit bislang lediglich im Zusammenhang mit Arbeit die Bedeutung als Zeit der Erholung und Wiederherstellung der Arbeitskraft hatte, gewann sie durch die strukturellen gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen als eigenständiger Wert und Zeitraum für Selbstbestimmung zunehmend an Bedeutung (vgl. Freericks und Brinkmann 2015).},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Bodi-Fernandez, Otto and Prandner, Dimitri},
  booktitle = {Sozialstruktur und Wertewandel in Österreich: Trends 1986-2016},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-21081-6_14},
  editor = {Bacher, Johann and Grausgruber, Alfred and Haller, Max and Höllinger, Franz and Prandner, Dimitri and Verwiebe, Roland},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  isbn = {978-3-658-21080-9},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {303-329},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Zur Bedeutung und Gestaltung von Freizeit},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21081-6_14},
  year = 2019
}

@article{matetoth2019indicators,
  abstract = {This article examines religion’s public role in Central Europe by investigating people’s expectations and perceptions regarding distinct facets of religion. The paper analyses factors related to the first wave and the second wave of religiosity along different lines such as church and government policies, the roles of churches in strengthening democracy, etc. According to the Aufbruch data research project and partially from the ISSP (International Social Survey Project), religious depiction of some post-communist countries are brought to the table. A deeper analysis is undertaken for 6 countries (Czech Republic, Croatia, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary and Poland), considering that in the countries previously listed, the distinction in the general level of religiosity differ remarkably, in order of the extremely religious country (Croatia) to the extremely non-religious country (Czech Republic). The discoveries from the various indicators shows that there is a good reason to believe in a possible second wave or different form and kind of religiosity compared to the times of the transition or the mid-1990s in contemporary times.},
  author = {Máté-Tóth, András and Nagy, Gábor Dániel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.5840/asrr201912563},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {204-214},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Indicators of a Second Wave of Religiosity in Central Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5840/asrr201912563},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2019
}

@article{langsaether2020selfinterest,
  abstract = {The connection between social class and political preferences is among the most well established in the social sciences. This association is typically taken as prima facie evidence of economic self-interest: Classes hold different attitudes, values, and party preferences because they have different economic interests. However, this assumption has rarely been tested empirically. In this article, we use survey data from 18 West European countries to examine why classes differ on a central aspect of political preferences, namely their views on the desirability of income inequality. We find that only a moderate proportion of differences between employee classes in support for redistribution can be accounted for by contemporary differences in resources and risks; differences in economic interests to some degree account for the anti-redistributive preferences of the professional middle classes compared with the working class. However, the preferences of the self-employed have a different explanation; autonomy is a better explanation of the right-wing preferences of the self-employed compared with the working class.},
  author = {Langsæther, Peter Egge and Evans, Geoffrey},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  doi = {10.1111/1468-4446.12747},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1468-4446.12747},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  journal = {The British Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {594-607},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {More than self-interest: Why different classes have different attitudes to income inequality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12747},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{mascherini2019origins,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Mascherini, Massimiliano},
  booktitle = {Youth Labor in Transition: Inequalities, Mobility, and Policies in Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Jacqueline, O’Reilly and Leschke, Janine and Ortlieb, Renate and Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin and Villa, Paola},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {503-529},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Origins and future of the concept of NEETs in the European policy agenda},
  url = {https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/handle/2318/1693428/482790/9780190864798.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{novak2020valuebased,
  abstract = {Why did Poland not join the Eurozone despite being integrated economically and dependent on investments and trade with existing Eurozone countries? The reluctance of its government seems puzzling taking into consideration Polish economic exposure to Eurozone countries as well as its commitment to switch to the euro stemming from EU treaties. The Polish governmental position on Eurozone accession demonstrates that monetary integration is not only an economic and legal issue, but it also results from political decisions of individual governments. This paper argues that a complementary understanding of the position of the Polish government on Eurozone accession is possible by looking at domestic ideas and interests. For this aim, the societal approach to governmental preference formation is employed. It focuses on the influence of domestic ideas (value-based collective expectations of voters) and interests (cost-benefit calculations of lobby groups) on governmental positions. In applying the societal approach, this paper has two goals: first, to show that the Polish governments’ reluctance to join the Eurozone stems from domestic societal pressures (value-based ideas and material interests) and, second, to specify the conditions for either ideas’ or interests’ individual bearing on the government’s preference.},
  author = {Novak, Roman},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.2478/ppsr-2020-0007},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Polish Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {100-115},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Value-Based Ideas or Material Interests? An Explanation of Polish Governmental Preference Formation towards Eurozone Accession},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2020-0007},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2020
}

@article{han2020beclouding,
  abstract = {Why do political parties present vague positions? We suggest that voter polarization provides them incentives to present either clear or vague positions, and the choice between these two is determined by the priority of an issue for the parties. We find that facing voter polarization, Western European political parties present clearer positions on an issue when it is a prime issue for them, but blur their positions when it is a secondary issue. Then, position blurring gives different implications to party systems with different degrees of issue dimensionality (such as American vs Western European party systems). The results also imply that political parties will respond to ongoing voter polarization on economic and immigration issues differently in the clarity of their position.},
  author = {Han, Kyung Joon},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.10989},
  doi = {10.1017/S0007123417000618},
  ees_component = {Voter Study},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA4819 v3.0.2},
  issn = {00071234},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {653-675},
  study = {EES},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EB70.1},
  title = {Beclouding Party Position as an Electoral Strategy: Voter Polarization, Issue Priority and Position Blurring},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000618},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{weller2019classroom,
  abstract = {This report, produced by Professor P. Weller and Dr. I. Foster of the University of Derby, United Kingdom, is based on two phases of research conducted in six OSCE participating States—Belgium, Germany, Greece, Moldova, Poland and the United States of America—between December 2016 and May 2018. The research took various forms, including focus groups, interviews, questionnaires, observations, as well as desk research based on published literature. A detailed bibliography of works consulted is provided in an appendix to the report. The report provides background information about the history of anti-Semitism in each of the countries studied, along with recent statistics concerning reported anti-Semitic incidents in each country. The report does not compare how significant an issue anti-Semitism is in these participating States; rather, it presents an overall pattern of evidence to identify a range of key challenges with at least some relevance for teaching about and addressing anti-Semitism in classroom contexts across the OSCE region as a whole, and thus provides the basis for recommendations that could inform the development of teacher resources to meet those challenges in any OSCE participating State, not just the ones studied for this report. The research has made clear that, while the incidence, frequency and forms of anti-Semitism may vary over time, it remains a reality in OSCE participating States. However, there is relatively little published research on anti-Semitism among young people as such, and even less that is specifically focused on teaching about anti-Semitism and/or addressing it in classroom contexts. Therefore, the primary research that informs this report makes a clear contribution to understanding anti-Semitism as it currently exists in a number of OSCE countries, albeit subject to certain limitations in terms of methodology, which are noted in the report’s appendices.},
  address = {Derby},
  author = {Weller, Paul and Foster, I.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {University of Derby},
  isbn = {9781910755266},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 88,
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Classroom challenges for teaching about and addressing anti-semitism in the OSCE region},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10545/623753},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{joly2019transition,
  abstract = {Many studies suggest that citizens of Central and Eastern Europe are less politically active than their peers in Western Europe. Yet, it is unclear whether previous experiences of mobilization moderate these differences. This article focuses on the protest behaviour of the 1989 generation, which is composed of citizens who reached political maturity during the collapse of communism. Building on political socialization theory, the article proposes that citizens exposed to high levels of protest during their formative years might be more inclined to protest later. This implies that mobilization during the transitions from communism might moderate the current East-West gap in participation. The article combines data from 25 new and old democracies to assess how early exposure to protest has affected the participation of the 1989 generation. The results of multilevel models indicate that participation in demonstrations is not significantly lower in Central and Eastern Europe once we account for the level of protest at the turn of the nineties. Furthermore, the Eastern deficit in participation in petitions and boycotts is lower in societies that experienced higher levels of protest during the collapse of communism. Some results, however, are sensitive to the inclusion of Eastern Germany, an influential case.},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Joly, Philippe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/kcuws},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Department of Democracy and Democratization},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 27,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Transition Spillovers? The Protest Behaviour of the 1989 Generation in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/kcuws},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{koletic2019parental,
  abstract = {Jednostavnost pristupa Internetu doprinijela je povećanju uporabe pornografije među adolescentima. Istovremeno raste zabrinutost zbog potencijalno negativnih učinaka pornografije na psihosocijalnu dobrobit, seksualno zdravlje te sazrijevanje adolescenata. Kada je riječ o mogućim učincima pornografije na adolescente, roditelji zauzimaju posredničku ulogu, bilo putem razjašnjavanja viđenog sadržaja ili kroz nadzor njegove uporabe. Preventivna uloga roditeljskog nadzora potvrđena je u slučaju brojnih neželjenih bihevioralnih i emotivnih ishoda, međutim nedostaju empirijski uvidi o odnosu roditeljskog nadzora i uporabe pornografije na prijelazu iz srednje u kasnu adolescenciju. Konceptualni okvir ove studije čini nedavno razvijeni integrativni model proučavanja medijskih učinaka – model diferencijalne osjetljivosti na medijske učinke. Cilj je ove longitudinalne studije analiza povezanosti roditeljskog nadzora i učestalost uporabe pornografije među srednjoškolcima. Podaci su prikupljeni metodom ankete među učenicima 14 riječkih srednjih škola od 2015. do 2018. godine. U svrhu provjere robusnosti riječkih nalaza, tijekom istog je razdoblja provedeno internetsko anketno istraživanje među srednjoškolcima iz 59 srednjih škola Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije. Koristeći paralelno modeliranje latentnih krivulja promjene, analize su provedene na podacima iz tri vala istraživanja u riječkom (n = 1, 190) i zagrebačkom panel-uzorku (n = 874). Kontrolirajući stupanj pubertalnog sazrijevanja i traženja uzbuđenja, utvrđena je negativna povezanost roditeljskog nadzora i učestalosti uporabe pornografije kod adolescenata oba spola te u oba uzorka, ali samo na početku praćenog razdoblja. Tijekom narednog razdoblja od 20 mjeseci, roditeljski je nadzor bio negativno povezan s dinamikom uporabe pornografije, no isključivo kod djevojaka u riječkom uzorku. Zaključno se razmatraju znanstvene i praktične implikacije nalaza te se nude preporuke za daljnja istraživanja ove problematike. Istraživanje financijski podupire Hrvatska zaklada za znanost (broj projekta: 9221).},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Koletić, Goran and Landripet, Ivan and Štulhofer, Aleksandar},
  booktitle = {VII. nacionalni kongres Hrvatskog sociološkog društva "Socijalna kohezija u društvu polarizacije, konfilikta i nejdnakosti", Zagreb, Hrvatska, 11-12.04.2019},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789, 10.4232/1.12458, 10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  language = {other},
  pages = {40-41},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Pornography Use: A Longitudinal Assessment},
  url = {http://hsd.hr/hr/kongres-2019-godine/knjiga-sazetaka/},
  year = 2019
}

@article{kamalov2020national,
  abstract = {Since the beginning of the 2000s, subjective well-being of the Russians was growing due to growing incomes and strengthening optimism about the future. However, the worsening economic situation following the crisis in 2008 did not cause the expected fall in subjective well-being rates. One plausible explanation is the growth of national pride. In this paper, it is tested whether or not national pride positively and causally affect happiness and life satisfaction of Russians. Possible compensatory properties of national pride— its hypothetical stronger effect for individuals with low incomes and poor health — are also being investigated. Data: integrated database of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study containing survey data for Russia from 1990 to 2017. Methods: linear regression with instrumental variables. Results: the effect of national pride on subjective well-being is positive and statistically significant (β = 0.26, p-value <0.001), the effect persists while using instrumental variables (β = 0.92, p-value < 0.001); the effect is stronger in the period after 2008, as well as for people with low incomes.},
  author = {Kamalov, Emil A. and Ponarin, Eduard D.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.14515/monitoring.2020.1.08},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {177-205},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Национальная гордость и субъективное благополучие россиян (National Pride and Subjective Well-Being of Russians)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2020.1.08},
  volume = 155,
  year = 2020
}

@article{atchison2019effects,
  abstract = {Studies show that women and girls consistently demonstrate higher levels of concern for the environment than men and boys. Separately, research also indicates that women officeholders pay particular attention to the issues prioritized by their female constituents. Interestingly, despite the consistency of the gender gap in attitudes to environmental issues the literature has paid scant attention to the role of women officeholders in the adoption of environmental policy. The goal of this paper was to start to address that lacuna. Using pooled cross-sectional time series analyses of environmental standards in 18 Western parliamentary democracies (1990–2012), our initial findings indicate women officeholders are associated with the adoption of higher environmental standards.},
  author = {Atchison, Amy L. and Down, Ian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1111/ropr.12346},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ropr.12346},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Review of Policy Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {805-834},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Effects of Women Officeholders on Environmental Policy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12346},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{lipps2019effects,
  abstract = {It is well-known that sample members who find the survey topic more important are more likely to respond. What is less known is the effect of different topic compositions. To reduce respondent burden, some social science surveys split long multi-topic questionnaires into varying components and administer only subsets to sample members. The rest of the questionnaire is asked in a second (follow-up) part. Whether respondents who answered more questions of importance to them in the first part are more likely to respond to the second part has never been tested. In this paper, we examine this question using data from a multi-topic push to web survey with six questionnaire subsets, which are assigned at random to sample members in the first part. At the beginning of the first part respondents are asked the importance the different topics have in their lives and at the end whether the survey was interesting to complete. This design allows assessing effects of topic distribution and topic importance on interest in the survey and on response to the follow-up. We first found that the subsets of the questionnaire are jointly associated with how interesting the respondent found the survey. Yet, we do not find support for our idea that respondents who answered more questions on topics important for them found the survey more interesting. Neither were these respondents more likely to participate in the second part of the survey. This shows that respondents to the first part do not self-select into the follow-up depending on topic importance.},
  address = {Lausanne},
  author = {Lipps, Oliver and Pollien, Alexandre},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.24440/FWP-2019-00002},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  institution = {FORS - Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2019-2},
  pages = 13,
  series = {FORS Working Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Effects of topic distribution and topic importance on interest and follow-up response},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.24440/FWP-2019-00002},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{schwenzer2019differences,
  abstract = {This dissertation assesses if and how cultural properties that augment social ties, commonly denoted as social capital, are related to diﬀerences in the inequality of educational outcomes (IEO). Cultural properties of social aggregates (and several other factors) inﬂuence the likelihood of social ties and thus constitute a social context moderating IEO. The main hypothesis is that collective social capital will make experiences of status groups more similar by mitigating diﬀerences in cultural capital and thus will also reduce IEO. This hypothesis is challenged by analyzing the eﬀects of three diﬀerent contextual levels where collective social capital can become relevant: countries (paper 1), schools (paper 2) and school class networks (paper 3). The ﬁrst article (Collective social capital. Does it make a diﬀerence for the inequality of educational outcomes? ) deals with the context eﬀects of the average level of generalized trust and membership in voluntary associations in diﬀerent countries by using data from the World Values Survey (WVS), European Values Study (EVS) and PISA. The second article (Do school-level diﬀerences in social capital shape IEO? School-level context eﬀects of connectedness of students and parental school volunteering.) tests this hypothesis on the school level by analyzing the eﬀect of ties of students and their parents’ school volunteering by using the same data sources. The third article (Network resources, resource deﬁcits and the consequences of homophily on educational outcomes. Evidence from school class networks in 4 European countries.) adds to the debated topics by developing a resource theory, analyzing resource deﬁcits in 4 European countries. Additionally, it tests for eﬀects of higher socio-economic status homophily in school classes on the outcomes of students by application of estimates derived from ERG models. This analysis is based on micro-data on students’ social ties collected by the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey (CILS4EU).},
  address = {Tübingen},
  author = {Schwenzer, Marc},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.15496/publikation-33246},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 150,
  school = {Universität Tübingen},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Differences in social capital and the inequality of educational outcomes},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15496/publikation-33246},
  used_variables = {v208 (EVS1981) ; q241 (EVS1990) ; v66 (EVS1999) ; q62 (EVS2008)},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{2019,
  abstract = {В докладе рассматриваются российские тренды доверия, восприятия сплоченности и готовности к объединению в период с 2002 по 2018 год. В ходе анализа выявлено, что все показатели имеют положительную динамику. Однако в России до сих пор доминирует сплоченность на ближней дистанции, выдающаяся и в восприятии, и в реальном поведении. Кроме того, несмотря на позитивные тенденции, Россия пока еще отстает по показателям доверия и солидарности от стран с высоким уровнем жизни и устоявшимся гражданским обществом.},
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Алмакаева, А. М.},
  booktitle = {Будущее социологического знания и вызовы социальных трансформаций (к 90-летию со дня рождения В. А. Ядова). Международная научная конференция Москва, 28–30 ноября 2019 г.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {432-435},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Динамика доверия и готовности к объединению},
  url = {http://yadov-conf.isras.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Сборник_материалов_конференции_20191127.pdf#page=432},
  year = 2019
}

@article{kostelka2019ideology,
  abstract = {Multiple studies in political science consistently hold that left-wing ideology renders individuals more prone to protest behavior. However, the familiar association between left-wing ideology and protesting is not empirically corroborated in all democratic nations. Building on existing theoretical principles and applying them to diverse political contexts, this article sheds light on puzzling variation in protest behavior across new and old democracies. It argues that it is not the left that engenders protest. Instead, we demonstrate that which political camp engages in protest behavior depends on its historical legacies and cultural liberalism. Historical legacies reflect the ideological configuration at democratization. Protesting tends to be more common in the ideological camp that opposed the pre-democratic political order. Simultaneously, it is culturally liberal individuals who more likely embrace protest participation, independent of their left–right identification. These theoretical expectations are supported through survey data analyses, explaining contrasting inter- and intra-regional variation in European democracies. },
  author = {Kostelka, Filip and Rovny, Jan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0010414019830717},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019830717},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1677-1712},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {It’s Not the Left: Ideology and Protest Participation in Old and New Democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019830717},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{pugno2019structural,
  abstract = {The controversies on the relationship (or `gradient') between GDP and subjective well-being oppose those who claim that the gradient is positive and stable around the world to those who argue that long-run trends of subjective well-being are flat despite economic growth. The possible existence of structural breaks of the gradient within the same country is a challenge to both views. By focusing on the case of Italy, we show that the long-run trends of GDP and of well-being turned from increasing to decreasing, and the gradient exhibits a rise through two structural breaks. Macro and micro analyses explain why the gradient changes, and we find evidence consistent with the `loss aversion' hypothesis. In addition, the gradient changed because the erosion of trust in others, the increase of financial dissatisfaction and worsened health hinder well-being independently from income.},
  address = {Munich},
  author = {Pugno, Maurizio and Sarracino, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  institution = {Munich University},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 50,
  series = {MPRA Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Structural changes in economic growth and well-being. The case of Italy's parabola},
  url = {https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/94150/},
  year = 2019
}

@article{pitlik2021radical,
  abstract = {Debates about the appropriate role of markets and governments are often shaped by sharply contrasting opinions. Based on individual data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study for up to 190,000 respondents in a sample of 68 democratic countries, we find that social trust is associated with tempered attitudes regarding government intervention and redistribution. Results corroborate ideas from socio-psychological research that trusting people have personality attributes which work towards a moderation on politically divisive topics. Complementary to the literature on political polarization, this opens the possibility that trusting societies may be superior at adapting polices to novel challenges because social trust reduces the probability of extreme attitude formation.},
  author = {Pitlik, Hans and Rode, Martin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-020-02317-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {485-506},
  refid = {Pitlik2020},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Radical Distrust: Are Economic Policy Attitudes Tempered by Social Trust?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02317-8},
  volume = 158,
  year = 2021
}

@article{2020influence,
  abstract = {У статті викладено результати аналізу взаємозв’язку численних аспектів культурного коду різних країн і ставлення до використання системоутворюючих принципів менеджменту. Вивчено «карту» використання принципів менеджменту та здійснено спроби пояснення впливу національних особливостей на ставлення до них. До найбільш важливих принципів менеджменту віднесено: централізм, ієрархічність та єдиноначальність. Ці принципи можна вважати прямою вказівкою на те, як встановлювати управлінські зв’язки між різними підрозділам організації або навіть окремими співробітниками. Для отримання культурного виміру різних соціумів, що визначає національні особливості, чудову базу дають т. зв. культурні розмірності нідерландського вченого Геерта Гофстеде, які й були взяті за основу дослідження. На основі матеріалів сайту Геерта Гофстеде www.hofstede-insights.com наведено характеристики різних національних культур для України, Польщі, Великої Британії, США, Росії та Японії, а також проведено загальний аналіз практики використання прин- ципі менеджменту у даних країнах. Для побудови кількісних характеристик зв’язку між використанням принципів менеджменту та культурних розмірностей взято представницьку емпіричну базу, котра містить дані про те, як в Європі та США використовуються принципи ієрархічності та єдиноначальності. Кореляційний аналіз досліджуваного зв’язку висвітлив дещо суперечливі результати, на основі яких було зроблено висновок про існування непрямих взаємовпливів культурних розмірностей та ставлення до принципів менеджменту. Пошук додаткової змінної, через яку «защеплені» культурні розмірності та ставлення до системоутворюючих принципів менеджменту було проведено у двох напрямах. Як перший напрям було обрано національний контекст. За другий напрям пошуку прихованих зв’язків між культурними розмірностями й ставленням до принципів менеджменту обрано аналіз системи цінностей, що превалюють у суспільстві на даний момент. Кореляційний аналіз з виключенням національного контексту, побудований на критерії tb Кендалла дає змогу більш ґрунтовно стверджувати, що індивідуалізм та прихильність до ієрархії пов’язані значимим негативним зв’язком, тобто у більш індивідуалістичних країнах, таких як США та Великобританія, принципом ієрархічності будуть нехтувати легко та охоче, особливо тепер, коли умови ведення бізнесу потребують гнучких структур управління з мінімальною кількістю ієрархічних рівнів. Стосовно суспільних цінностей, які, до речі, є змінними у часі, лише під- порядкування та відповідальність можуть служити потужним каналом зв’язку між ставленням до принципів менеджменту та культурними розмірностями. Підвище- на увага до відповідальності (Італія, скандинавські країни, США) й особлива схильність до підпорядкування (Бельгія, Франція, Великобританія), попри підвищений індивідуалізмі суспільства, призводять до досить прохолодного ставлення до принципу ієрархічності, й навпаки. Тобто прагнення до підпорядкування на рівні ціннісного коду є компенсатором можливих порушень ієрархічності (або сприймається як такий).},
  author = {Момот, В.Є},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.32342/2074-5362-2020-1-28-10},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {Європейський вектор економічного розвитку},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {113-126},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Вплив культурних розмірностей та суспільних цінностей на використання принципів менеджменту (The influence of social values and cultural dimensions on the management princples' utilization)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5362-2020-1-28-10},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{fernandes2019instituies,
  address = {Lissabon},
  author = {Fernandes, Tiago and Santana-Pereira, José and Cancela, João and Rodrigues Sanches, Edalina},
  institution = {Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos},
  isbn = {978-989-8943-77-4},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  pages = 98,
  series = {Resumos da Fundação},
  study = {EVS ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Instituições e qualidade da democracia: Cultura política na Europa do Sul},
  url = {https://repositorio.ul.pt/bitstream/10451/39920/1/instituicoes-e-qualidade-da-democracia-cultura-politica-na-europa-do-sul.pdf},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2019
}

@article{meda2019three,
  abstract = {After presenting a historical overview of the concept of work and the different meanings that it has acquired over the centuries, the author analyses the value it holds for Europeans, and the impact on work and employment of the popular rhetoric about a technological revolution and its “inevitable” consequences. She then considers the future of work in the light of three scenarios: a “dismantling of labour law”, a “technological revolution” (where automation brings an end to employment), and an “environmental transition”. She argues that the latter is compatible with the imperative to take action on climate change and the expectations placed in work and employment.},
  author = {Méda, Dominique},
  doi = {10.1111/ilr.12157},
  journal = {International Labour Review},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {627-652},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Three scenarios for the future of work},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12157},
  volume = 158,
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{nahkur2019measurement,
  abstract = {An important challenge to academics, policy-makers and practitioners working on violence prevention is absence of worldwide reliable and comparable country-level data collected at regular basis (Butchart and Mikton 2014; Diprose 2007; Krug et al. 2002b; Walby et al. 2017). Thus, following internationally accepted guidelines (e.g., Babbie 2013; Nardo et al. 2008; Mazziotta and Pareto 2017; Dialga and Giang 2017), a new composite social indicator–Societal Index of Interpersonal Destructiveness (SIID)–was developed in this doctoral study that can be used as a regular and cross-nationally comparable indicator of interpersonal violence across societies. SIID uses existing regular internationally harmonised and comparable data. It is a two-dimensional index combining indirect items representing prerequisites’ and consequences’ dimensions of interpersonal destructiveness. Its workability was also tested on child population data. The results of this dissertation showed methodological soundness of SIID. It can be concluded that: • SIID is internally consistent composite social indicator (Study I and II); • after relevant operationalisations, SIID conceptual scheme can also be applied to child population (Study II); • SIID can serve comparative purposes in time and space (Study III); • SIID can be further improved and adapted to new population groups with improvements in the availability of internationally harmonised and regularly collected data. Through regular social monitoring and reporting, SIID has the potential to inform the public, stimulate public interest, initiate discussion, and form and develop particular sensitivity function; to offer a ‘food’ for media’s appetite for statistic-based narratives; and to be a lobbying tool for interest groups. In addition to academic use, SIID has also potential to be a new social indicator which statisticians will add to their indicator system and international organisations like WHO will use in their violence prevention initiatives.},
  address = {Tartu},
  author = {Nahkur, Oliver},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Universitas Tartuensis},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Measurement of interpersonal destructiveness: the societal perspective},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10062/65358},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{toro2020romania,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Toró, Tibor},
  booktitle = {Political History of the Balkans (1989–2018)},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {123-140},
  publisher = {Dialóg Campus},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Romania: A Fuzzy Transition},
  url = {https://nkerepo.uni-nke.hu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/15919/Web_PDF_Political%20history%20of%20the%20Balkans%20_1989_2018_.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{homola2020fixed,
  abstract = {A growing literature examines how historical institutions influence contemporary political attitudes and behavior. Recent work has argued that these studies need to properly account for spatial heterogeneity by incorporating regional fixed effects. Here, we discuss the theoretical and empirical obstacles that have to be addressed to properly incorporate fixed effects in legacy studies. We illustrate our arguments using Pepinsky et al.'s (2020) reassessment of a recent study on the long-term effects of concentration camps in Germany (Homola et al. 2020). We show that Pepinsky et al. incorporate fixed effects incorrectly and, as a result, their analysis suffers from post-treatment bias. We further demonstrate that results from the original article remain substantively the same when we incorporate regional fixed effects correctly. Finally, simulations reveal that camp proximity consistently outperforms spatially correlated noise in this specific study.},
  address = {Charlottesville},
  author = {Homola, Jonathan and Pereira, Miguel M and Tavits, Margit},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.31219/osf.io/b945a},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Center for Open Science},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 14,
  series = {OSF Preprints},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Fixed Effects and Post-Treatment Bias in Legacy Studies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/b945a},
  year = 2020
}

@article{villarica2012study,
  abstract = {Nationalism that's rooted in respect for laws and institutions, not race or religion, makes citizens the happiest, according to new research.},
  author = {Villarica, Hans},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {The Atlantic},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Study of the Day: The National Pride That Brings Happiness},
  url = {https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/01/study-of-the-day-the-national-pride-that-brings-happiness/250636/},
  year = 2012
}

@techreport{bentzen2020crisis,
  abstract = {In times of crisis, humans have a tendency to turn to religion for comfort and explanation. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic is no exception. Using daily data on Google searches for 95 countries, this research demonstrates that the COVID-19 crisis has increased Google searches for prayer (relative to all Google searches) to the highest level ever recorded. More than half of the world population had prayed to end the coronavirus. The rise amounts to 50% of the previous level of prayer searches or a quarter of the fall in Google searches for flights, which dropped dramatically due to the closure of most international air transport. Prayer searches rose at all levels of income, inequality, and insecurity, but not for the 10% least religious countries. The increase is not merely a substitute for services in the physical churches that closed down to limit the spread of the virus. Instead, the rise is due to an intensified demand for religion: We pray to cope with adversity.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Bentzen, Jeanet},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {DP14824},
  pages = 60,
  series = {CEPR Discussion Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {In Crisis, We Pray: Religiosity and the COVID-19 Pandemic},
  url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3615587},
  year = 2020
}

@book{jeffereym2020multilevel,
  abstract = {This volume presents the first systematic comparative analysis of national traditions of local democracy across the developed world, as well as their origins and evolution. It reveals how inclusive local institutions that integrate national and local governance make democracy work better. Across most of the developed world, early forms of the national state entrenched the local power of elites. In Anglo-American and Swiss democracies, state formation imposed enduring tensions with local civic governance. In contrast, inclusive, integrative local institutions in Northern Europe enabled close links with central government around common local and national agendas, producing better governance and fuller democracy to the present day. Through comparative analysis, the authors demonstrate how institutions for local governance and the participation of civil society differ widely among developed democracies, and how local democracy relates to national democracy. The resulting insights fundamentally recast our understanding of how to build and maintain more effective democracies.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Jefferey M., Sellers and Anders, Lidström and Yooil, Bae},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.11372},
  doi = {10.1017/9781108672337},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA3950 v1.3.0},
  isbn = {9781108427784},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP2004},
  title = {Multilevel Democracy : How Local Institutions and Civil Society Shape the Modern State},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108672337},
  year = 2020
}

@article{ruck2020cultural,
  abstract = {In the centuries since the enlightenment, the world has seen an increase in socioeconomic development, measured as increased life expectancy, education, economic development and democracy. While the co-occurrence of these features among nations is well documented, little is known about their origins or co-evolution. Here, we compare this growth of prosperity in nations to the historical record of cultural values in the twentieth century, derived from global survey data. We find that two cultural factors, secular-rationality and cosmopolitanism, predict future increases in GDP per capita, democratization and secondary education enrollment. The converse is not true, however, which indicates that secular-rationality and cosmopolitanism are among the preconditions for socioeconomic development to emerge. },
  author = {Ruck, Damian J. and Bentley, R. Alexander and Lawson, Daniel J.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1098/rsos.190725},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cultural prerequisites of socioeconomic development},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190725},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2020
}

@article{chernova2019interview,
  author = {Chernova, Valeriya and Lehmann, Jana and Hellermann, Kathleen},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für junge Religionswissenschaft},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 14,
  pages = {1-7},
  publisher = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r junge Religionswissenschaft},
  title = {Interview with Milda Ališauskienė. Keynote Speaker of the 2018 EASR Conference, Bern},
  url = {https://journals.openedition.org/zjr/pdf/1147},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{mazak2019obansk,
  abstract = {Civil society is made up of committed individuals, non-governmental non-profit organizations, their employees, volunteers, and other supporters, as well as relations among these actors. Civil society activities include community development, advancement of leisure and professional interests, services to vulnerable groups, as well as efforts to intervene in the political process and to support certain legislation and systemic change. This work focuses on the latter, i.e. the ways how civil society actors influence the political process. In the introductory chapter I present an overview of the current research of civil society and political activism in the Czech Republic and other post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. In this chapter, I identify five central propositions that can be formulated on the basis of existing scientific discussion and I subject them to a critical assessment. In addition, I argue that against the backdrop of the discussion, two streams of literature can be distinguished which differ in their assessment of civil society's quality in Central and Eastern Europe. I try to clarify the reasons for these contradictions. In the second chapter I offer an overview of social movements theories, thus completing the theoretical basis for the empirical part of this thesis. Indeed, many questions about how civil society actors enter the political process can be explored by the prism of social movement theory. The following three chapters are empirical case studies that address the three research questions, which are formulated in the introductory chapter. The first of them, i.e. the third chapter of this work, builds on the concept of transactional activism and seeks to elaborate and clarify the conceptualization of horizontal transactional relationships between organizations. This new conceptualization is subsequently operationalized and empirically tested using the technique of social network analysis. The chapter shows, among other things, the way how different operationalization of horizontal transactional ties between organizations strongly impacts the results of analysis and interpretation. It also makes the argument that it is important to complement social network analysis, which is more technical in its nature, by insights from qualitative interviews. The fourth chapter then focuses on analysing the mechanisms through which organizations can achieve their goals in the political process. This chapter is based on Jasper's calls for researchers of civil society to accentuate the role of civil society actors and their agency instead of the more usual focus on analysis of available resources and political context of activism. Therefore, I primarily focus on the key strategic decisions of the representatives of a selected civil initiative, using process tracing as method. In doing so, I try to deliver empirical evidence to substantiate how these decisions contributed to the final success of the initiative. In the fifth chapter I analyse one selected organization over a longer period and follow the process of professionalization within it. I focus on the different levels of professionalization, namely professionalization at the level of funding, the level of human resources and the level of public communication. I show how these different levels interact. The sixth chapter takes the form of a methodological excursion and introduces in more detail the process tracing method, which is still relatively little known in the Czech sociological community, and which I apply in this dissertation in Chapter four. I justify its placement before the very conclusion of the thesis by the fact that it is a relatively detailed chapter with ambitions to offer a comprehensive overview of the process tracing method. To include it elsewhere would, in my view, threaten the overall fluidity of the text. The final chapter not only summarizes and integrates the findings of the previous chapters and the dissertation's contribution to answering the research questions, but also offers a few thoughts on what self-reflection is currently occurring in Czech civil society. Interestingly, I argue, this self-reflection strongly touches on the need to build a stronger circle of supporters, i.e. constituency base, and strengthen the links of organizations to their grassroots. Thus, the reflection thematically returns to the academic discussions that have been developed in the civil society literature in the CEE countries for at least fifteen years. Thus, we find ourselves at a moment when academics can offer a range of ideas to civil society actors.},
  address = {Stare Mesto},
  author = {Mazák, Jaromír},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  pages = 164,
  school = {Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Občanská společnost jako aktér politického procesu / Civil Society and its Agency in the Political Process},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/108289},
  year = 2019
}

@article{brechon2019valeurs,
  abstract = {For more than 35 years Futuribles has shown an interest in the evolution of value systems and the study of their transformation, regularly reporting the findings of the surveys carried out every 9-10 years as part of the European Values Study. The latest wave of such surveys was carried out in 2017-18 and Pierre Bréchon outlines the first lessons from these as they relate to France. In the context of social crisis that has beset the country since November 2018, the long term analysis Pierre Bréchon provides here on the evolution of French values with regard to lives and society, brings useful perspective. Without disputing the difficulties they may encounter in everyday life (in terms of incomes, jobs etc.), Bréchon stresses that, judging by the latest surveys, society is not in danger of falling apart in France, the values of tolerance and respect for others continue to advance, and happiness levels are as high as before and remain stable etc. Individualization continues to increase, attachment to the protective state remains as it was, political involvement is stable and religion still steadily in decline. However, the attitude to democracy is more complex and the demand for public order remains high. Though these last two points suggest that a certain vigilance is required to maintain French attachment to democracy and France’spolitical institutions, the results of the 201718 surveys run counter, more generally, to the ambient pessimism.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.431.0055},
  issn = {0337-307X},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {55-71},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Les valeurs des Français en tendances. Plus de liberté pour soi, plus d’exigences dans la sphère collective},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.3917/futur.431.0055},
  volume = 431,
  year = 2019
}

@article{he2020financial,
  abstract = {Integrative value generation through negotiated business deals is a fundamental way in which organizations and economic systems attain economic benefits. It is also an important way in which individuals can improve their financial situation. We propose that individuals most in need of improving their financial standing, those in a financially vulnerable situation, are least likely to reap the benefits of integrative value generation. We theorize that financial vulnerability induces a more zero-sum construal of success, or a view that success for one person must come at another person’s success. A more zero-sum construal of success, in turn, hampers negotiators’ ability to realize integrative potential in negotiations. In a large archival dataset (N = 191,648), we found evidence that various proxies of financial vulnerability are associated with a more zero-sum construal of success. In two subsequent face-to-face negotiation studies, we found that financial vulnerability, whether measured or induced experimentally, undermined integrative value generation. The final two-part study found evidence of the hypothesized psychological process. Taken together, our studies uncover a fundamental pathway through which the disadvantage of financially vulnerable people is reproduced through economic exchanges.},
  author = {He, Tianyu and Derfler-Rozin, Rellie and Pitesa, Marko},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1037/apl0000427},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Psychology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {80-96},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Financial vulnerability and the reproduction of disadvantage in economic exchanges.},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000427},
  volume = 105,
  year = 2020
}

@article{kasselstrand2019secularity,
  abstract = {As part of the conversation about the characteristics and scope of secularization in contemporary society, the implications of low levels of self-defined atheism and explicit rejection of religion in nations with low levels of religious beliefs are not yet sufficiently explored. In response, this study uses aggregated data from the World Values Survey, the European Values Study, and Cross-National Socio-Economic and Religion Data from the Association of Religion Data Archives to investigate the relationships between nonbelief, atheism, and lack of confidence in churches or religious organizations. Regression findings show a concave curvilinear relationship between secularity (measured as the percentage of the population that does not believe in God) and irreligion (measured as (1) the percentage of self-defined atheists in a country and (2) the percentage of individuals in a country who have no confidence at all in religious organizations). In other words, this study suggests that nonbelief is associated with an increase in self-defined atheism and the lack of confidence in religious organizations, but that this effect wanes the more secular a society is. The findings further highlight the complexity of nonreligiosity and imply that a linear association cannot be assumed between measures of secularization, secularity, and irreligion.},
  author = {Kasselstrand, Isabella},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12617},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jssr.12617},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {626-642},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Secularity and Irreligion in Cross-National Context: A Nonlinear Approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12617},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{robayoabril2020encouraging,
  abstract = {This report analyzes potential factors and determinants affecting female labor force participation in Croatia and identifies potential policy options to facilitate greater participation of women in the labor market. Our results show that the main reason for women’s inactivity in Croatia is child-rearing and other family responsibilities. While Croatia provides a generous maternity leave allowance in comparison with other EU countries, the absence of compulsory paternity leave does not encourage the distribution of child-rearing responsibilities between men and women. Childcare responsibilities also hinder mothers of school-age children from participating in economic activity, although this constraint is lower for mothers of children attending schools with longer school days. Our results also show that both informal and formal factors play a role. Patriarchal views—which were demonstrated to be negatively associated with women’s labor force participation—are more prevalent in Croatia than in many European countries; these views tend to be more prevalent among men, older people, and less-educated individuals. Labor market regulations also play an important role: despite recent reforms aimed at relaxing excessively strict employment protection legislation, introducing more flexibility in the labor market, and boosting active labor market policies, Croatia still lags behind its EU counterparts along these dimensions as is reflected in their low ranking on the ease of hiring and firing, a low proportion of flexible forms of employment, and low expenditure and coverage of active labor market policies. Finally, despite being a common reason in the literature for gender wage gaps, we did not find evidence that the systematic selection of women into low-wage occupations contributes significantly to the observed gender wage gaps.},
  address = {Washington DC},
  author = {Robayo-Abril, Monica and Terskaya, Anastasia and Vaughan, Kristina Noelle and Pena, Natalia Garcia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  institution = {The World Bank},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Encouraging Women’s Economic Opportunities in Croatia: Empirical Evidence of Determinants and Policy Advice},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10986/34605},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{kezdy2013lttam,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Kézdy, Éva Sztáray},
  booktitle = {Hagyomány és érték},
  editor = {Antalóczy, Péter},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {127-137},
  publisher = {Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {"Láttam a boldogságot én..."},
  year = 2013
}

@article{vukicevic2019stavovi,
  abstract = {Europske vrijednosti dio su koncepta europske dimenzije u obrazovanju te je svrha ovoga rada ispitati stavove učitelja o odabranim dimenzijama europskih vrijednosti kao humanističkih i demokratskih vrijednosti suvremenoga europskog društva u cilju boljeg razumijevanja tog koncepta u svakodnevnoj odgojno-obrazovnoj praksi. Istraživanje je provedeno u ožujku i travnju 2015. godine i u njemu je sudjelovalo 359 ispitanika: učitelja razredne nastave te učitelja hrvatskog jezika i književnosti, engleskog jezika, povijesti i zemljopisa u višim razredima osnovnih škola s područja Grada Zagreba. Pitanja su preuzeta iz istraživanja Europske komisije Vrijednosti Europljana te iz Europskog istraživanja vrednota – EVS. Nakon provedene analize deskriptivnih obilježja u nastavku istraživanja provedeni su Kruskal Wallisovi testovi na varijablama: zanimanje ispitanika (predmet poučavanja) i dob ispitanika. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da učitelji drže važnijim nacionalne od europskih i globalnih vrijednosti te da su ispitanici ponosniji hrvatskim državljanstvom nego europskim građanstvom. Ispitanici se primarno smatraju građanima države i lokalne sredine u kojoj žive, a sekundarno građanima Europe i svijeta u cjelini. Ispitanici također podjednako biraju odgovore na varijablama da se uspoređujući s drugim kontinentima jasno može vidjeti što Europljani imaju zajedničko u kontekstu vrijednosti te da ne postoje europske vrijednosti, nego samo zajedničke vrijednosti zapadnoga svijeta.},
  author = {Vukičević, Jelena Pavičić},
  journal = {Napredak : časopis za pedagogijsku teoriju i praksu},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {other},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {65-84},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Stavovi učitelja o odabranim dimenzijama europskih vrijednosti},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/224381},
  volume = 160,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{zielinski2019present,
  abstract = {This chapter starts by showing how views on statistical weighting have changed since the 1960s and present findings about the prevalence of design and post‐stratification weights and the ways in which they were constructed. Next, it discusses the issue of weight quality in terms of selected formal properties, such as mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum, focusing on potential threats associated with violating fundamental principles in the process of weights creation. To study the issue of weighting, collected information are presented that concerning the use of weights in 22 international survey projects conducted between 1966 and 2013 in 142 countries and territories. In ex post survey data harmonization, it is important to distinguish between different types of harmonization of weights. The chapter reviews these types. It finally discusses the issue of weighting from the perspective of the data harmonization process, focusing on different ways of using weights for specific analyses.},
  address = {Hoboken},
  author = {Zieliński, Marcin W. and Powałko, Przemek and Kołczyńska, Marta},
  booktitle = {Advances in Comparative Survey Methods : Multinational, Multiregional, and Multicultural Contexts (3MC)},
  doi = {10.1002/9781118884997.ch47},
  editor = {Johnson, Timothy P. and Pennell, Beth-Ellen and Stoop, Ineke A. L. and Dorer, Brita},
  isbn = {9781118884980},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1035-1052},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  series = {Wiley Series in Survey Methodology},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {The Past, Present, and Future of Statistical Weights in International Survey Projects: Implications for Survey Data Harmonization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118884997.ch47},
  year = 2019
}

@article{ortegaegea2020behavioral,
  abstract = {To tackle climate change, greater public engagement is called for in actions that fall under the umbrella of environmentally oriented anticonsumption (EOA), in addition to environmentally oriented consumption (EOC) ones. This study examines potential behavioral effects on EOA and EOC actions in response to climate change, by placing attention on the EOA versus EOC distinction, as well as the behavioral domain and frequency of the selected behavioral outcomes and predictors. Multilevel analysis is conducted on a large‐scale, European pooled dataset (N = 137,097 respondents) combined with secondary country data at the societal level (N = 30 countries). The findings provide overall evidence for positive behavioral effects or spillovers on EOA and EOC behaviors in response to climate change, while emphasizing also the need to account for the specificity of different proenvironmental actions. Also, the findings show that positive spillovers are more likely among actions within the same EOA/EOC path of action, pertaining to the same behavioral category (i.e., intra‐domain, rather than inter‐domain spillovers), and having similar behavioral frequency characteristics (e.g., among non‐daily actions). The findings reported here improve understanding of the behavioral mechanisms behind environmental spillovers, for less‐researched EOA (and EOC) outcomes, in response to climate change, and cross‐nationally.},
  author = {Ortega Egea, José M. and García de Frutos, Nieves},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11136 ; 10.4232/1.11851 ; 10.4232/1.12792 ; 10.4232/1.13146 ; 10.4232/1.12922},
  doi = {10.1002/mar.21302},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4975 v3.0.0 ; ZA5564 v3.0.1 ; ZA5877 v2.0.0 ; ZA6595 v3.0.0 ; ZA6861 v1.2.0},
  issn = {0742-6046},
  journal = {Psychology & Marketing},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {2018-5},
  pages = {308-325},
  study-id = {EB72.1 ; EB75.4 ; EB80.2 ; EB83.4 ; EB87.1},
  title = {Behavioral prediction of environmentally oriented anticonsumption and consumption: A multilevel study of five eurobarometer surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21302},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2020
}

@article{francois2019academics,
  abstract = {Rejection of the market economy is widespread in academia. This fact has often been observed, but rarely explained. Using a large survey on French academics which replicates questions used in international surveys, this article confirms that French academics are hostile to market economy principles in comparison with the French population. Two explanations are tested: the first posits that academics---as knowledge providers---are likely to experience a ``public good'' market failure. Their rejection of the market economy is thus linked to their specific positioning vis-{\`a}-vis the market economy itself. The second hypothesis assumes that academics are not involved in market activities. Consequently, this lack of familiarity leads academics to be more suspicious towards an institution they barely experience. Both hypotheses are consistent with our data.},
  author = {François, Abel and Le Gall, Cal and Magni Berton, Raul},
  doi = {10.1057/s41253-019-00088-4},
  issn = {1476-3427},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {228-256},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Why do academics oppose the market economy? Sophistication and perception of market failures},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-019-00088-4},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{sindingbentzen2018religiosity,
  abstract = {Religious beliefs potentially influence individual behaviour. But why are some societies more religious than others? One possible answer is religious coping: individuals turn to religion to deal with unbearable and unpredictable life events. To investigate whether coping can explain global differences in religiosity, I combine a global dataset on individual-level religiosity with spatial data on natural disasters. Individuals become more religious if an earthquake recently hit close by. Even though the effect decreases after a while, data on children of immigrants reveal a persistent effect across generations. The results point to religious coping as the main mediating channel, but alternative explanations such as mutual insurance or migration cannot be ruled out entirely. The findings may help explain why religiosity has not vanished as some scholars once predicted.},
  address = {Copenhagen},
  author = {Sinding Bentzen, Jeanet},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  eprint = {http://oup.prod.sis.lan/ej/article-pdf/129/622/2295/29195955/uez008.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {University of Copenhagen, Department of Economics},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 37,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Acts of God? Religiosity and Natural Disasters Across Subnational World Districts*},
  year = 2018
}

@incollection{oleksiyenko2018identification,
  address = {Hoboken},
  author = {Oleksiyenko, Olena and Wysmulek, Ilona and Vangeli, Anastas},
  booktitle = {Advances in Comparative Survey Methods : Multinational, Multiregional, and Multicultural Contexts (3MC)},
  editor = {Johnson, Timothy P. and Pennell, Beth-Ellen and Stoop, Ineke A. L. and Dorer, Brita},
  isbn = {9781118884980},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {985-1010},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  series = {Wiley Series in Survey Methodology},
  study = {Eurobarometer 1983-2012 ; EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP 1985-2013},
  title = {Identification of Processing Errors in Cross‐national Surveys},
  year = 2018
}

@article{daubler2020national,
  abstract = {In parliamentary systems of government, dyadic representation between MP and geographical constituency is considered to be of secondary importance and is typically understood as work related to particularised issues (e.g. constituency service, “pork” allocation and local matters). This paper argues that personal representation need not be particularistic. It may also come in the form of attention to national policy for local reasons, when issue salience varies across geographical constituencies due to the number of affected people or problem severity. The specific focus of the study lies on private members’ bills related to social security (pensions, unemployment, welfare). These three policies differ, among other things, in their alignment with class divisions and their link to the economic left–right dimension. They therefore allow for studying how both the party constituency and the geographical constituency shape MPs’ legislative work. The article develops specific predictions regarding how left–right position, electoral support among the affected group, and district-level recipient numbers affect legislative activity in the three policy fields. The empirical analysis uses data from Belgium (1999–2007). The results suggest that Belgian MPs represent party and geographical constituency in the case of pensions and unemployment benefits, but not in the same way as when it comes to social welfare.},
  author = {Däubler, Thomas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.1057/s41269-018-0125-x},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  issn = {17411416},
  journal = {Acta Politica},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {472-491},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {National policy for local reasons: how MPs represent party and geographical constituency through initiatives on social security},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-018-0125-x},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{verhoeven2019demonstreren,
  abstract = {Deze masterscriptie doet onderzoek naar een mogelijke verklaring voor het uitblijven van massale demonstraties na 2005. Er wordt gekeken of er een effect is van de participatiesamenleving (in de vorm van actief burgerschap en conventionele participatie) op de collectieve identiteit en of dit effect de minder massale demonstraties vanaf 2005 kan verklaren.},
  address = {Utrecht},
  author = {Verhoeven, Luuk},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.10155},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA4758 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  pages = 80,
  school = {Utrecht University},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Past demonstreren wel bij de huidige collectieve identiteit van de participatiesamenleving? Onderzoek naar de minder massale opkomst van demonstraties vanaf 2005},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/388174},
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{lockhart2020monetary,
  abstract = {The project of the European Union has successfully transformed western Europe into a powerful and stable bloc empowered by expansive economic and political integration. However, certain pathways of integration, such as the introduction of the Eurozone and the monetary consolidation it entails, have actually weakened the Union by disregarding the vast economic and cultural differences between the countries. In this thesis, I use the examples of Germany and Italy, outlining and discussing various cultural and economic differences between them to show their incompatibility with a shared currency. I will substantiate this with a discussion of monetary policy, and will dissect economic and survey data to further highlight the disparity. Subsequently, I will conclude that, as evidenced by the growing tide of anti-EU sentiment in some EU countries, the Euro should be left behind for a sovereign currency or risk the total dissolution of the union— impacting both Europe and the world.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Lockhart, Sarah P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.1015 ; 10.4232/1.10031},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4753 v1.1.0 ; ZA4755 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Fordham University},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Risk of Monetary Integration: How Italy and Germany’s Cultural and Economic Differences are Incompatible with Shared Monetary Policy and Jeopardize the Stability of the Union},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://fordham.bepress.com/international_senior/38/},
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{walton2020currency,
  abstract = {Social media, e-commerce, global peer-to-peer technologies, and the near ubiquity of computers and smartphones allow people to interact, trust, and exchange value across traditional socio-economic control boundaries and over significant distances. Since the creation in 2008 of a new cryptographic currency system called Bitcoin, a financial technology market sector of about 250 billion USD has rapidly emerged, raising questions about the nature of currency in society and whether new types of non-national money are warranted and viable. This debate has pitted heterodox economic interests against orthodox economic interests while it has rekindled interest in theories that view money as a social construct with a multitude of potential forms beyond ‘state’ or fiat money, and in forms that are increasingly predicted to be purely digital in the future. This study seeks to explain the policy, social, and economic factors that underlie perceptions and usage of these new currency types. First, I develop a novel theoretical matrix of trust and control to explain the conditions under which people choose to use any monetary system. Then, I test this theory with a quantitative analysis of policy, trust, socio-economic, and cultural factors affecting the perceptions and usage of the new currency systems of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in 28 countries. This analysis draws on usage metrics recorded from the Bitcoin and cryptocurrency network systems, attitudinal data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Study (EVS), and a proprietary survey of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency perceptions and usage in 15 countries conducted by Ipsos for the behavioral economics research department at ING Group. I performed principal component analyses (PCA) to reduce factors among collected metrics, and I then integrated the findings of the PCA into a series of ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions along three primary vectors: trust, control, and culture. Based on my empirical findings, I group these new currency system users’ personality perspectives into four categories: Evangelists, Pragmatists, Skeptics, and Speculators. The analysis finds Bitcoin and cryptocurrency perceptions and usage are not correlated with the strictness or laxness of public policies concerning Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. The analysis also finds Bitcoin interest as measured by Google Search Trends is not correlated to Bitcoin and cryptocurrency perceptions and usage but is correlated to several lower socio-economic metrics related to crime and lack of confidence in law enforcement and government control. There is more favorable perception and usage of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency in countries with less developed socio-economic profiles, and less favorable perceptions and usage in countries with more developed socio-economic profiles. There is more favorable perception and usage of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency in countries with aggregate lower generalized trust and lower democratic tendencies, and less favorable perceptions and usage in countries with aggregate higher generalized trust and higher democratic tendencies. Overall, the findings show the extent to which trends in usage and perception of the emergent currencies of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are associated with basic cultural and attitudinal tendencies that are not necessarily related to public policy or other typical monetary theory-based controls. I conclude that a matrix of trust and control is effective at demonstrating how sociological factors explain the landscape of historical, extant, and emergent currency systems and this matrix predicts where Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies situate in society relative to these other currency systems.},
  address = {Richmond},
  author = {Walton, Joseph B.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 162,
  school = {Virginia Commonwealth University},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Why We Use a New Currency: The Role of Trust and Control in Explaining the Perception and Usage of Bitcoin},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6348},
  year = 2020
}

@article{homola2020legacies,
  abstract = {"We explore the long-term political consequences of the Third Reich and show that current political intolerance, xenophobia, and voting for radical right-wing parties are associated with proximity to former Nazi concentration camps in Germany. This relationship is not explained by contemporary attitudes, the location of the camps, geographic sorting, the economic impact of the camps, or their current use. We argue that cognitive dissonance led those more directly exposed to Nazi institutions to conform with the belief system of the regime. These attitudes were then transmitted across generations. The evidence provided here contributes both to our understanding of the legacies of historical institutions and the sources of political intolerance." Die ALLBUS-Daten aus dem Jahr 2016 dienen als Vergleichsdatensatz für die Analyse.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 35. Fassung, Dezember 2020},
  author = {Homola, Jonathan and Pereira, Miguel M. and Tavits, Margit},
  availability = {18.12.2020},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.12796},
  doi = {10.1017/S0003055419000832},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA5250 v2.1.0},
  journal = {American Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {573-590},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ALLBUS2016},
  title = {Legacies of the Third Reich: Concentration Camps and Out-group Intolerance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000832},
  volume = 114,
  year = 2020
}

@article{benitez2022mixed,
  abstract = {The aim of the study is to illustrate a comprehensive approach to item bias in cross-cultural research by integrating quantitative and qualitative data in a mixed methods design. We studied responses and response processes of Dutch and Spanish participants to quality of life items from five international studies. Item bias was evaluated by analyzing differential item functioning (DIF) with several statistical procedures. Statistical results were combined with qualitative evidence of response processes from cognitive interviewing (CI). These integrated results yielded a coherent picture of bias sources. Nonuniform DIF was linked to differences in the response processes, whereas uniform DIF was associated with differential meaning of the item contents. We conclude that the mixed methods approach holds important promise for understanding bias. },
  author = {Benítez, Isabel and de Vijver, Fons Van and Padilla, José Luis},
  doi = {10.1177/0049124119852390},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124119852390},
  journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {237-270},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {A Mixed Methods Approach to the Analysis of Bias in Cross-cultural Studies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124119852390},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2022
}

@article{bakkaersimonsen2020civic,
  abstract = {Despite the centrality of national identity in the exclusionary discourse of the European radical right, scholars have not investigated how popular definitions of nationhood are connected to dispositions toward Muslims. Moreover, survey-based studies tend to conflate anti-Muslim attitudes with general anti-immigrant sentiments. This article contributes to research on nationalism and out-group attitudes by demonstrating that varieties of national self-understanding are predictive of anti-Muslim attitudes, above and beyond dispositions toward immigrants. Using latent class analysis and regression models of survey data from 41 European countries, it demonstrates that conceptions of nationhood are heterogeneous within countries and that their relationship with anti-Muslim attitudes is contextually variable. Consistent with expectations, in most countries, anti-Muslim attitudes are positively associated with ascriptive – and negatively associated with elective (including civic) – conceptions of nationhood. Northwestern Europe, however, is an exception to this pattern: in this region, civic nationalism is linked to greater antipathy toward Muslims. It is suggested that in this region, elective criteria of belonging have become fused with exclusionary notions of national culture that portray Muslims as incompatible with European liberal values, effectively legitimating anti-Muslim sentiments in mainstream political culture. This may heighten the appeal of anti-Muslim sentiments not only on the radical right, but also among mainstream segments of the Northwestern European public, with important implications for social exclusion and political behaviour.},
  author = {Bakkær Simonsen, Kristina and Bonikowsk, Bart},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12337},
  eprint = {https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12337},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Is civic nationalism necessarily inclusive? Conceptions of nationhood and anti-Muslim attitudes in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12337},
  year = 2020
}

@article{luijkx2019europese,
  abstract = {This article outlines the main features of the European Values Study (EVS), with special focus on the innovations implemented in the fifth wave (2017). As a large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal social survey program, the EVS provides insights into the ideas, beliefs, preferences, attitudes, values, and opinions of citizens all over Europe, unique in its combined focus on how Europeans think about life, family, work, religion, politics, and society. The first round of data collection was initiated in 1981, and every nine years, a representative sample of residents have been questioned in an increasing number of countries (47 European countries/regions in 2008). The fifth wave started in 2017 and is at this moment under completion. The methodological standards of EVS increased over the waves. As part of the Horizon 2020 project Synergies for Europe’s Research Infrastructures in the Social Sciences (SERISS), EVS took part in innovations in the field of translation and the implementation of websurveys. The data of the European Values Study are publicly available free of charge. A rich academic literature has accumulated around the original and consecutive surveys: more than 1600 publications are listed in the EVS Bibliography (see europeanvaluesstudy.eu). The final sections of this article describe more in detail the implementation of the EVS 2017 in the Netherlands and end with a peek in the future.},
  author = {Luijkx, Ruud and Maineri, Angelica},
  doi = {10.5117/MEM2019.4.002.LUIJ},
  journal = {Mens en maatschappij},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {381-397},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Het Europese Waardenonderzoek 1981-2017 : Geschiedenis, de internationale context en het Nederlandse veldonderzoek},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2019.4.002.LUIJ},
  volume = 94,
  year = 2019
}

@article{badinger2019productivity,
  abstract = {This paper assesses the strength of productivity spillovers nonparametrically in a data set of 12 industries and 231 NUTS2 regions in 17 European Union member countries between 1992 and 2006. It devotes particular attention to measuring the catching up through spillovers depending on the technology gap of a unit to the industry leader and the local human capital endowment. We find evidence of a nonlinear relationship between the technology gap to the leader as well as human capital and growth in logs. Spillovers are smallest for units with a medium-high technology gap to the leader, especially for regions where human capital endowments are low.},
  author = {Badinger, Harald and Egger, Peter H. and Ehrlich, Maximilian von},
  doi = {10.1111/obes.12285},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/obes.12285},
  journal = {Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {768-779},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Productivity Growth, Human Capital and Technology Spillovers: Nonparametric Evidence for EU Regions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/obes.12285},
  volume = 81,
  year = 2019
}

@article{berkers2020atheistic,
  abstract = {In this study, the link between atheistic beliefs and two child-rearing values (obedience and autonomy) is explored. Atheists would be more likely to show preferences for autonomy and less likely for obedience. Two individual-level explanations, namely educational attainment and expressive individualism, are tested. Moreover, the contextual effects of both religious climate and collectivistic-individualistic culture in a country are investigated. Using data from 30 countries from the European Values Study [(2011) 4th wave, Integrated Dataset ZA4800. Data File Version 3.0.0. (November 2011). Cologne: GESIS Data Archive. doi:10.4232/1.11004], it was found that both educational attainment and expressive individualism are explanations of why individuals with atheistic beliefs prefer autonomy more compared to other individuals. However, for obedience, expressive individualism could only explain the difference in preferences between religious individuals and atheists, but not the difference between atheists and those who are unsure about their religious belief. In addition, contrary to our expectations, no moderating effect of the religious context and collectivistic-individualistic culture on the relationship between atheistic beliefs and child-rearing values was found.},
  author = {Berkers, Eline and Sieben, Inge},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2018.1511819},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {4-25},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The atheistic factor?: Explaining the link between atheistic beliefs and child-rearing values in 30 countries in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2018.1511819},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2020
}

@article{digessa2016drives,
  abstract = {Objectives: Grandparents play an important role in looking after grandchildren, although intensive grandparental childcare varies considerably across},
  author = {Di Gessa, Giorgio and Glaser, Karen and Price, Debora and Ribe, Eloi and Tinker, Anthea},
  doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbv007},
  issn = {1079-5014},
  journal = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series B},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {141-153},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EU-SILC 2008 ; EU-LFS 2008},
  title = {What Drives National Differences in Intensive Grandparental Childcare in Europe?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv007},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2016
}

@phdthesis{ross2019origins,
  abstract = {This dissertation consists of three chapters exploring the causes and consequences of human capital in an international setting. The first two chapters focus on the origins of noncognitive characteristics and their role in human capital formation. The third chapter demonstrates the consequences of human capital for financial inclusion. The first chapter shows that locus of control has origins in ancestral control over subsistence and demonstrates the implications this relationship has for human capital investment. Agricultural societies differed in their control over crop yields based on the fluctuations of a crucial external input: rainfall. I exploit differences across individuals of different ethnicities residing in the same subnational regions. Descendants of agricultural societies with greater rainfall risk have a more external locus of control. Consistent with limited learning, evidence from second-generation migrants suggests that the intergenerational transmission of ancestor's circumstances partly informs beliefs. Ancestral control contributes to differences in schooling effort among an international sample of 15-year-olds. The second chapter provides empirical evidence of a non-linear relationship between an adolescent's aspirations gap and their human capital. Higher aspirations at age 12 are correlated with higher human capital levels at age 19, up to a point. This empirical result provides evidence for the theoretical prediction that aspirations that are ahead, but not too far ahead, provide the best incentives for investment. I provide suggestive evidence that age 12 aspirations influence age 19 human capital levels through the child's time investment in education, long-term orientation, and agency, but not the level of household education expenditure. The third chapter (with Kehinde Ajayi) studies the effects of education on the financial outcomes of youth. We use Kenya's introduction of Free Primary Education (FPE) in 2003 as an exogenous shock to schooling. Our identification strategy compares changes across cohorts and across regions with differing levels of pre-FPE enrollment. We find that FPE is associated with increases in educational attainment and increased use of formal financial services. We also find increases in financial capability, employment rates, and incomes. Our results provide new evidence that a large-scale government intervention can generate significant demand-driven improvements in financial outcomes.},
  address = {Boston},
  author = {Ross, Phillip},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  school = {Boston University},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Origins of Noncognitive Traits and Their Influence on Human Capital},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/2144/39251},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{remizova2019understanding,
  abstract = {Several large international surveys, including the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, have been using the moral attitudes scale (MAS) to measure individual and country differences for decades. However, the validity of the instrument has been barely assessed. The current study addressed the concurrent and content validity of four popular MAS items (justifiability of homosexuality, suicide, prostitution, and euthanasia). A sample of 493 Russians completed both MAS and the four validated multi-item scales. Results demonstrated that, except for the homosexuality item, the MAS items had low concurrent validity, explaining less than 50% of the variance of the corresponding multi-item scales. The MAS items underestimated the justifiability of homosexuality, prostitution, and suicide, and overestimated the justifiability of euthanasia. The MAS homosexuality item appeared to be a precise measure of attitude towards male (but not female) homosexuality, responses to the prostitution and suicide items overlooked the positive arguments, and the euthanasia item tapped more into attitudes towards euthanasia of a dying person. The four items showed strong dependence on the overall justifiability. We conclude that separate MAS items should be used with caution, given the detected content bias and the items’ strong link to non-specific overall justifiability.},
  author = {Remizova, Alisa and Rudnev, Maksim},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/hr86y},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 29,
  series = {SocArXiv},
  title = {Understanding the Moral Attitudes Scale in International Surveys: an Exploratory Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/hr86y},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{ainsaar2019vrtused,
  abstract = {This report analyses the values of Estonian society. Values are viewed here as the desirable goals which people strive to attain. Values guide the selection or evaluation of actions, policies, people, and events. We see them as a component of human capital – the characteristics of people that make a contribution to the development of a country, national economy and life satisfaction. The report provides an outline of the current state and recent changes of major Estonian values, in comparison to other European countries. Predictions about future value trends are also included. The empirical data for the report were assembled from various sources. The three main data sets are World Value Survey, European Value Study 1990-2018, and European Social Survey 2004-2018. In terms of theoretical foundations, the report relies on various authors, theories and studies, most notably the value theories of Ronald Inglehart and Shalom Schwartz. The empirical results include the following findings. Starting from the 1990s, the Estonian people have become happier, more trusting and more tolerant; they have attributed increasingly less value on work and more value on free time; achievement and success have become less important to them. All these trends are consistent with Inglehart’s theory of post-materialistic value shift, which is characteristic of nations that enjoy reasonably high levels of economic well-being. Thus, it would appear that Estonia is moving towards typical values of welldeveloped countries. However, there is still a way to go compared to many leading well-being countries in Europe. Estonia is still much lower on happiness and tolerance, and higher on the importance of material goals. The report also includes an analysis of various values as determinants of the economic growth and life satisfaction. This analysis found that achievement values are the most consistent predictors of economic growth, indicating that achievement oriented people could boost the national economy. Life satisfaction was positively correlated with stimulation, selfenhancement and hedonistic values and negatively with security and conformism.},
  address = {Tallinn},
  author = {Ainsaar, Mare and Strenze, Tarmo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.15157/diss/012},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  institution = {Foresight Centre at the Estonian Parliament},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  study-id = {EVS198-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Väärtused kui inimvara ja nende seos ühiskonna arenguga (Values as human capital and a source of societal development)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15157/diss/012},
  year = 2019
}

@article{zoega2019values,
  abstract = {We study the convergence of output per capita in a sample of 37 European countries to the German real GDP per capita level during the period 1999–2014 with the aim of testing whether the speed of convergence is uniform or depends on institutions, such as membership of the European Union, the euro, or values. The results suggest that the post-communist economies are converging more rapidly than other countries in the sample and more so the closer they are integrated into the European Union. Moreover, we find that certain values are conducive to the catching up process and that it has generated increased job satisfaction and male labour force participation.},
  author = {Zoega, Gylfi and Phelps, Edmund S.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1111/ecot.12194},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ecot.12194},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Economics of Transition and Institutional Change},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {247-265},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Values, institutions and the rise of Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12194},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2019
}

@article{wiel2020living,
  abstract = {This study examines the association between having children born before the current partnership and women’s and men’s likelihood of transitioning from living apart together (LAT) to co-residing. LAT partnerships are common among individuals with pre-partnership children, but have so far been under-researched. Our study not only focuses on those in LAT relations, but also takes the different pathways to becoming a single parent into account. Event-history analysis was performed using waves 1-4 from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study.The results indicate that separated and widowed mothers were less likely to transition to co-residence with their LAT partner than childless women who had previously been in a co-residential union. Mothers who had previous out-of-union children were found to be even less likely to enter co-residence. Results were mostly similar for men and women. The only exception was the effect of being widowed with children; for men this resulted in higher chances of transitioning to co-residence with a new partner whereas for women the chances were lower.The findings suggest that individuals’ parenthood and union histories are associated with the development of their later partnerships, and that these patterns vary by gender. Given contemporary and future patterns of partnership separation, our study provides insights for better understanding how LAT relations develop for different sub-populations.},
  author = {Wiel, Roselinde van der and Mulder, Clara H. and Valk, Helga A. G de},
  doi = {10.12765/CPoS-2020-07en},
  journal = {Comparative Population Studies},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {115-142},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {From Living Apart to Living Together: Do Children Born before the Current Partnership Matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2020-07en},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2020
}

@article{suzuki2020government,
  abstract = {In most industrialized countries, politicians and policy makers face unprecedented levels of fiscal pressure. Such pressure has compelled governments to conduct substantial cuts in government spending and services. While policy makers have attempted to build a strong civil society to compensate for the declining government role, previous studies have not examined the link between government retrenchment and citizen involvement in volunteering. This study examines such a relationship by conducting a cross-national study of OECD countries. After controlling for individual- and country-level factors, the findings show that government retrenchment is positively associated with citizen volunteering.},
  author = {Suzuki, Kohei},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0952076718796097},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Public Policy and Administration},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {266-288},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Government retrenchment and citizen participation in volunteering: A cross-national analysis of OECD countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076718796097},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{denkov2020bulgaria,
  address = {London},
  author = {Denkov, Dimitar and Vulchev, Georgi and Gueorguieva, Valentina},
  booktitle = {Freethought and Atheism in Central and Eastern Europe: The Development of Secularity and Non-Religion},
  editor = {Bubík, Tomáš and Remmel, Atko and Václavík, David},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {33-57},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {Atlas of European Values},
  title = {Bulgaria: Freethought and Atheism in the Shadow of Ethnophyletism},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{grewenig2020gender,
  abstract = {Gender gaps in labor-market outcomes often emerge with the arrival of the first child. We investigate a causal link between gender norms and labor-supply expectations within a survey experiment among 2,000 German adolescents. Using a hypothetical scenario, we document that the majority of girls expects to work 20 hours or less per week when having a young child, and expects from their partner to work 30 hours or more. Randomized treatments that highlight the existing traditional norm towards mothers significantly reduce girls’ self-expected labor supply and thereby increase the expected gender difference in labor supply between their partners and themselves (the expected within-family gender gap). Treatment effects persist in a follow-up survey two weeks later, and extend to incentivized outcomes. In a second experiment, we highlight another, more gender-egalitarian, norm towards shared household responsibilities and show that this attenuates the expected within-family gender gap. Our results suggest that social norms play an important role in shaping gender gaps in labor-market outcomes around child birth.},
  address = {München},
  author = {Grewenig, Elisabeth and Lergetporer, Philipp and Werner, Katharina},
  institution = {Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research - CESifo},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 8611,
  series = {CESifo Working Papers},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gender Norms and Labor-Supply Expectations: Experimental Evidence from Adolescents},
  url = {https://www.cesifo.org/en/publikationen/2020/working-paper/gender-norms-and-labor-supply-expectations-experimental-evidence},
  year = 2020
}

@article{yendell2020relevance,
  abstract = {Against this background, we analyzed data from an online survey conducted in Switzerland on “Xenosophia and Xenophobia in and between Abrahamic religions”. The results of a multivariate analysis revealed that, besides right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political orientation, indicators related to religion play a crucial role. We found that the greater the role of religion, and the more central it is for the individual, the more likely it is that the individual has a positive view of Islam. We claim that a person’s level of religiosity is accompanied by her adoption of religious values, such as neighbourliness and tolerance, and that the more religious individuals are, the more likely they are occupied with different religions, which leads to tolerance as long as it is not accompanied by a fundamentalist religious orientation. Also relevant is that the preference for the state to have a secularized relationship with religion is accompanied by a fear of Islam. We propose that studies on Islamophobia, as well as on other prejudices, should use differentiated measures for religiosity; the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) turned out to be a reliable instrument of measurement in this regard.},
  author = {Yendell, Alexander and Huber, Stefan},
  doi = {10.3390/rel11030129},
  issn = {2077-1444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-15},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Relevance of the Centrality and Content of Religiosity for Explaining Islamophobia in Switzerland},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11030129},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{halmai2019religion,
  abstract = {This chapter, dedicated to the role of religion in contemporary Hungary, deals with the practice of religious freedom in the new Hungarian constitutional order. After evaluating changes to legislation governing freedom of religion since 2010 in comparison to the situation following the democratic transition of 1989-90, I discuss the possibilities of religious freedom in different models of state-church relationships. The main research question is whether the separation of church and state, formally maintained since Hungary’s backslide to an illiberal constitutional system, still can guarantee secularism and autonomy for churches.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Halmai, Gábor},
  booktitle = {Brave New Hungary: Mapping the "System of National Cooperation"},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  editor = {Kovács, János Matyas and Trencsenyi, Balazs},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {95-110},
  publisher = {Rowman & Littlefield},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {The Role of Religion in the Illiberal Hungarian Constitutional System},
  url = {https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A7d50a4d0-23b2-41db-b9e8-80d3f9a0d2f6},
  year = 2019
}

@article{gresser2019influence,
  abstract = {Employing sub-national panel data for 1,204 regions from 1980 to 2010, we show that regional appreciation of the cultural value Independence has a positive and statistically significant association with regional per capita income, whereas the value Obedience exerts a negative effect. Our data allow us to exploit within country-year variation by including country-time fixed effects to mitigate issues of omitted variable bias which are usually present when analysing cross-national data. A large array of robustness tests supports an effect of cultural values on regional per capita income. Interacting regional culture with national institutions reveals that stronger national institutions moderate the impact of the regional cultural values.},
  author = {Greßer, Christina and Stadelmann, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1111/pirs.12442},
  eprint = {https://rsaiconnect.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pirs.12442},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Papers in Regional Science},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {2047-2073},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The influence of the cultural values independence and obedience on regional incomes: Econometric evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12442},
  volume = 98,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{lardeux2019sengager,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Lardeux, Laurent},
  institution = {INJEP - National Institute De La Jeunesse Et De L'éducation Populaire},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro french techreport},
  language = {french},
  pages = 73,
  series = {INJEP Notes & rapports/Rapport d’étude},
  study = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {S'engager pour la démocratie: La mobilisation dans les collectifs d'expérimentation démocratique},
  url = {https://injep.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/rapport-2019-04-collectif-expe-democratique.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{koos2019solidarity,
  abstract = {The major influx of refugees to Europe, especially in 2015, has led to immense solidarity, but also hostility among European citizens. In the wake of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ country differences in the willingness to help displaced people have become a salient issue of European integration. In this paper, we explain country differences in the public support for helping refugees across Europe at a critical time-point – spring 2016 – just after the influx of displaced people had peaked. Theoretically, we base our explanation of country differences on economic threat, inter-group contact, welfare state, and political framing theories. Using data from a Eurobarometer survey across the 28 EU member states, we show that solidarity with refugees varies significantly between countries. Controlling for individual characteristics of respondents and utilizing a multilevel design, we find that solidarity with refugees is highest in countries with an extensive welfare state and a historically high share of immigrants, whereas there is no effect of countries’ economic situation or strength of right-wing parties. On the individual level of respondents, however, we find that people with a more precarious economic background, little institutional trust, and a right-wing political orientation express lower solidarity with refugees. },
  author = {Koos, Sebastian and Seibel, Verena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13313},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2019.1616794},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2019.1616794},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA6788 v1.4.0},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {704-728},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EB86.2},
  title = {Solidarity with refugees across Europe. A comparative analysis of public support for helping forced migrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2019.1616794},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{crnogorac2018fiscal,
  abstract = {Secessions can lead to various outcomes when it comes to building new countries. The path that they follow can sometimes lead them into a better future or an even greater depression. One of these secessions happened in the early 1990’s when the Former Yugoslavia broke apart. Now when there is enough time distance to look on the consequences of separation and the current state of all former republics. We intend to show how they developed after the secession by taking a view on fiscal performances. Furthermore, the perception of all countries as a group will contribute significantly to the current literature that is scarce on this topic. The results have the potential to 1) help understand the current economic situation, 2) give significant recommendations for future policies and 3) help converge the fiscal policies to the fiscal rules of the EU.},
  address = {Vigo},
  author = {Crnogorac, Marko},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 120,
  school = {Universidade de Vigo},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Fiscal issues in former Yugoslavian countries},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11093/1203},
  year = 2018
}

@article{havlik2020alternativa,
  abstract = {The article deals with support of technocracy as an alternative system of the governance in the Czech Republic. In this article, technocracy is perceived as opposed to party democracy. The article contributes to the debate on the decline of party democracy and its possible replacement with another type of government. Based on the data from the European Values Study and using binomial logistic regression, the article explains the technocratic attitudes among the Czech citizens. On the contrary to the existing literature, technocratic government does not seem to be perceived as a substitute to party government but rather as a supplement to it.},
  author = {Havlík, Vlastimil and Komůrková, Lenka},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.14712/1803-8220/30_2019},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = { Acta Politologica},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Alternativa, nebo doplněk stranické demokracie? Podpora technokratickému vládnutí v České republice [An alternative or complement to party democracy? Support for technocratic governance in the Czech Republic]},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14712/1803-8220/30_2019},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2020
}

@article{han2020reacting,
  abstract = {How does right-wing mainstream parties’ political exclusion of extreme right-wing parties (ERPs) affect the support for the parties and change their electoral bases in Western Europe? Using survey data, we find that political exclusion intensifies the support for ERPs among people with strong authoritarian attitudes, but decreases it among those with weak authoritarian attitudes. The result implies that political exclusion of ERPs brings in the realignment of party supporters: those with strong authoritarian ideologies will be more mobilised into the constituencies of the parties. It also implies that right-wing mainstream parties face a dilemma because their exclusion of ERPs leads to the further mobilisation of people with strong authoritarian ideologies into ERPs while, as other literature finds, their political collaboration (‘inclusion’) with ERPs does not bring in the moderation of ERPs. },
  author = {Han, Kyung Joon},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/00344893.2019.1663906},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2019.1663906},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Representation},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {71-87},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Reacting to Isolation: How the Political Exclusion of Extreme Right-wing Parties Changes the Party Support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2019.1663906},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{katholischekircheosterrerich2019soziale,
  abstract = {Neuer Band "Quo vadis, Österreich?" analysiert Europäische Wertestudien von 1990 bis 2018 - Pastoraltheologin Polak und Soziologin Seewann: Aktive Mitgliedschaft in religiösen und kirchlichen Organisationen stark angestiegen.},
  address = {Wien},
  author = {{Katholische Kirche Österreich}},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro german techreport},
  language = {german},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Soziale Dimension der Religion gewinnt an Bedeutung: Wertestudie},
  url = {https://www.katholisch.at/aktuelles/126569/soziale-dimension-der-religion-gewinnt-an-bedeutung},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{schacht2020katholische,
  abstract = {Die Behauptung Religion beeinflusse moderne Politikergebnisse ist alles andere als neu; dennoch besteht weiterhin Klärungsbedarf, denn die Signifikanz des religiösen Einflusses auf demokratisch entstandene Politiken und das daraus resultierende Erklärungspotential bezüglich nationaler Divergenzen wurde lange Zeit unterschätzt (vgl. u.a. Knill et al. 2014, S. 845). Die katholische Kirche stellt ein Anschauungsobjekt besonderer Güte dar: Nicht nur gilt sie als älteste noch bestehende Institution der Welt, vielmehr zählt ihre Anhängerschaft ein grobes Sechstel der Weltbevölkerung (vgl. Hertzke 2016, S. 48). Weltliches, politisches Engagement seitens der Kirche ist zudem ein Phänomen, das sie von vielen anderen Glaubensrichtungen unterscheidet und mitnichten als moderne Entwicklung betrachtet werden kann (vgl. ebd., S. 49; vgl. Warner 2000, S. 7).},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Schacht, Lena Sophia},
  booktitle = {Religion, Ethik und Politik: Auf der Suche nach der guten Ordnung},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-27636-2_12},
  editor = {Hammer, Stefanie and Hidalgo, Oliver},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-27636-2},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {243-267},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Die katholische Kirche als Vetospieler in der Moralpolitik},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27636-2_12},
  year = 2020
}

@article{belmonte2020collective,
  abstract = {Can experience with democracy affect political support for a dictator? We develop a political economy model with endogenous reference points, where a dictator strategically reactivates traumatic collective memories about a past experience with democracy, to convince the population that a democratic alternative is inferior to the autocratic status quo. We find that a more traumatic experience with democracy in the past renders propaganda more efficient and increases the level of authoritarian political support per unit of memory recollection. We support these findings with panel data evidence from 103 countries.},
  author = {Belmonte, Alessandro and Rochlitz, Michael},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecosys.2020.100771},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0939-3625},
  journal = {Economic Systems},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-44},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Collective Memories, Propaganda and Authoritarian Political Support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2020.100771},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{komurkova2018determinanty,
  abstract = {The master's thesis Determinants and consequences of support of technocracy: the case of the Czech Republic deals with support of technocracy as an alternative system of the governance. Technocracy is perceived in this diploma thesis as opposed to party democracy. The thesis tries to contribute to the debate on the decline of party democracy and its possible replacement with another type of government. The diploma thesis uses data from the European Values Study. Binary logistic regression served as a main method of the data analysis and helped to reveal significant predictors of support for technocracy, including variables such as education or trust in government and authorities.},
  address = {Brno},
  author = {Komůrková, Lenka},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 77,
  school = {Masaryk-University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Determinanty a důsledky podpory technokracii},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://is.muni.cz/th/dipym/Diplomova_prace_final.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{baloban2010,
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {411-420},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Opći uvod},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/56243},
  volume = 80,
  year = 2010
}

@book{coutinho2020religio,
  abstract = {Encontramos neste livro uma viagem à sociologia da religião em Portugal – identificando instituições, nomeando protagonistas e rememorando tradições de investigação. Mas encontramos também uma proposta de iniciação à prática da sociologia da religião, na revisão de alguns conceitos fundamentais, no exercício de análise social do campo religioso português e na modelização das formas de religiosidade individual. Na via de caracterização de uma comunidade científica, descobre-se um retrato da sociedade portuguesa.},
  address = {Lisbon},
  author = {Coutinho, José Pereira},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Imprensa de Ciências Sociais},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Religião em Portugal: Análise Sociológica (Religion in Portugal: Sociological Analysis)},
  year = 2020
}

@article{vanhauwaert2019responsiveness,
  abstract = {Throughout recent decades, social science studies have systematically reported that citizens respond to their macro-social environments. While this is typically true in highly visible and salient policy domains, scholarship remains ambiguous about which macro-environmental factors are at the origins of citizens’ opinions on immigration. We contribute to this debate by theorising three factors that have the potential to move immigration opinions and subsequently testing their empirical relevance. We most notably emphasise the role of immigration itself and ask whether and how increasing immigration levels affect immigration opinions. We then examine to what extent the regional power structure and economic hardship interplay with this relationship. Through the dyadic ratios algorithm, we estimate a unique set of immigration opinion measures across regions in Belgium, France and the UK between 1990 and 2015. When modelling these measures, our findings are threefold. First, citizens are responsive to their environments, and specifically to immigration. Second, citizens become more favourable towards immigrants when immigration levels increase. Third, we find evidence that decentralisation (regional power) conditions this empirical relationship, while there is little to no indication that economic conditions affect immigration opinions, either directly or indirectly.},
  author = {Van Hauwaert, Steven M. and English, Patrick},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.12312 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1057/s41295-018-0130-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3910 v2.1.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {14724790},
  journal = {Comparative European Politics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {832-859},
  study-id = {ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Responsiveness and the macro-origins of immigration opinions: Evidence from Belgium, France and the UK},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-018-0130-5},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2019
}

@article{jovanovic2020persons,
  abstract = {Generally speaking, Europeanization is defined as "a process in which states adopt EU rules". As Serbia is getting closer to the EU, this process is gaining on the momentum, but running far from smoothly. Formal endeavors aimed at the change of the social status of the LGBT persons in Serbia are a case in point, as they are linked to the idea of Europeanization. In accordance with the EU conditions, a number of laws aimed at fighting discrimination of LGBTs were passed, programs with the same goal were implemented, and several Pride Parades took place without major incidents (as Belgrade was "besieged" by heavy police forces). At the same time, high state officials publicly manifest their reluctance toward non-heterosexuals, with the police practicing indirect resistance toward organizing the Pride. The LGBT affirming actions were characterized by short time-span and superficiality, and this is what makes this case a paradigmatic one of the Serbian Government‟s attitude to Europeanization: the formal obligations (as imposed) are fulfilled, while simultaneously enormous (informal) efforts are undertaken in order that no changes occur in society. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the aforementioned. Attempts to diffuse EU rules and regulations seem to be of no avail if local adaptation, interpretation and appropriation of these norms and resistance which they spawn, is not taken into account.},
  author = {Jovanovic, Milos},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.22190/TEME180402013J},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0353-7919},
  journal = {TEME : časopis za društvene nauke : journal for social sciences},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {139-157},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {ЛГБТ ОСОБЕ У СРБИЈИ: ИЗМЕЂУ ФОРМАЛНОГ ПРИХВАТАЊА И НЕФОРМАЛНОГ ОДБАЦИВАЊА (LGBT persons in Serbia: Between formal acceptance and informal rejection)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22190/TEME180402013J},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{kostenko2019gender,
  abstract = {This study aims to analyze the gender attitudes of Muslim migrants in Western Europe compared to people in their sending societies and the European receiving societies. I employ the European Social Survey, the European Values Study, and the World Values Survey as data sources. Using cross-classified multilevel analysis, I compare individuals with respect to their country of origin and receiving society characteristics simultaneously. The results show that migrants are closer in their attitude to employment rights to local Europeans than to the public in their sending societies. People who left their predominantly Islamic countries of origin are much less prone to gender discrimination than those who stayed. This paper argues that the majority of Muslim migrants do not adhere to the values and attitudes of their countries of origin, but fall closer to the attitudes of the receiving societies as reflected in their perception of gender roles, particularly within the labor market.},
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Kostenko, Veronica V.},
  booktitle = {Muslim Minorities and the Refugee Crisis in Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Górak-Sosnowska, Katarzyna and Pachocka, Marta and Misiuna, Jan},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {37-50},
  publisher = {SGH Warsaw School of Economics},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Gender Attitudes of Muslim Migrants Compared to Europeans and Public in Sending Societies: A Multilevel Approach},
  year = 2019
}

@article{tomczuk2019interethnic,
  abstract = {While intergroup contact and group position scholars have found that individuals can maintain prejudice despite associational contact and affective ties, this study finds that integrated organizations can specifically mediate ethnic relations through managing threat to the privileged majority’s group position. In Slovakia, where Roma are generally even more impoverished and interethnic relations are just as tense, group-level interethnic conflict occurs less often than in the neighboring Czech Republic. Integrated church organizations in Slovakia seem to provide opportunities for associational interethnic contact, known to contain conflict. In reality, while Slovak church leaders manage to integrate their organizations to varying extents, perceived threat to majority group position limits their ability to truly transform unequal ethnic relations. A comparison to the socially and politically similar Czech case, where neither secular and religiously affiliated organizations are able to play this role among a generally nonreligious population, demonstrates that Whites perceive both service provision and advocacy as threatening their group position. Organizations thus settle for brokering relationships between Romani communities and official institutions, not with their White neighbors. With evidence from semi-structured interviews with key respondents conducted between 2014 and 2015, I argue that Slovak churches and church-affiliated organizations racially integrate and maintain peaceful relations not through the expected routes, but through mediating structured interethnic relations. By focusing on service provision, limiting Romani participation, or internally segregating the organization, Whites can mentally maintain their superior group position despite integration. These findings have implications for all multi-ethnic societies interested both in maintaining interethnic peace and pursuing racial equity. },
  author = {Tomczuk, Sara Jean},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10165 ; 10.4232/1.10166},
  doi = {10.1177/2332649217753647},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4770 v1.1.0 ; ZA4771 v1.1.0},
  journal = {Sociology of Race and Ethnicity},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {115-129},
  study-id = {EVS2008 Czech Republlic ; EVS2008 Slovak Republic},
  title = {Interethnic Contact in Integrated Churches: Mediation without Transformation of Majority-Roma Relations in Central Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649217753647},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2019
}

@article{gorleer2020organizational,
  abstract = {Maintaining an adequate blood supply for transfusion poses a pressing challenge to society. We argue that this challenge has not been adequately addressed in previous research. Building upon Healy’s seminal work on ‘blood-collection regimes’ and the subsequent shift towards a field-level approach that broadens the analytical focus beyond the dyadic relationship between donors and organizations, we embed the act of blood donation within the organizational field in which blood establishments operate. We assume that varying modes of governance shape the organizational practices of donor recruitment and blood collection. Our analysis is based on Eurobarometer data from 2014 (number of countries = 28; number of individuals = 19,363). The results identify considerable variance in donation rates according to field characteristics in terms of hierarchical centralization and competitiveness. Decentralized systems without competition perform worst in terms of the recruitment of (first-time) blood donors. Competitive systems in which several different bodies share responsibility for the provision of blood to patients yield the highest donation rates.},
  author = {Gorleer, Sam and Bracke, Piet and Hustinx, Lesley},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12999},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcaa002},
  eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/esr/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/esr/jcaa002/32303936/jcaa002.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5931 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0266-7215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {474-492},
  study = {EVS2008},
  study-id = {EB82.2},
  title = {The Organizational Field of Blood Collection: A Multilevel Analysis of Organizational Determinants of Blood Donation in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaa002},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{zanella2019volatility,
  abstract = {Common measures of cultural attitudes, such as those constructed from the World Values Survey, are characterized by substantial within-country volatility. This volatility is at odds with the notion of culture adopted in economics: a set of slow-moving traits that determine preferences and expectations transmitted from one generation to the next via family or social interactions. The insufficient persistence of survey proxies for such traits may compromise empirical studies of culture as a determinant of economic outcomes. We illustrate this point via a thorough replication, using the most recent WVS waves, of analyses carried out previously for regions in Europe.},
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {Zanella, Giulio and Bellani, Marina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {IZA Institute of Labor Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 12730,
  pages = 32,
  series = {IZA Discussion Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Volatility of Survey Measures of Culture and its Consequences},
  url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3483968},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{mell2020early,
  abstract = {Social trust is at the center of democratic societies but it varies considerably between individuals and societies, which deeply affects a range of prosocial behaviours. Socioeconomic status has been iden- tified as an important predictor of such variability. Although this association has mostly been reported for measures of socioeconomic status taken in adulthood, recent studies have found unique effects of harsh conditions experienced during childhood on social trust as- sessed decades later. Here, we report a series of three studies that provide further support for the long-lasting association between early childhood conditions and social trust. The first study revealed that higher childhood socioeconomic status was associated with greater so- cial trust in a diverse sample of French participants (N=915), even after adjusting for current socioeconomic status. The second study replicated this result using data from the European Values Study, an independent large-scale survey of 46 European countries (N=66,281). Finally, the last study found a similar association between socioe- conomic status and willingness to invest in a trust game (N=60 in original study, N=75 in replication study).},
  author = {Mell, Hugo and Safra, Lou and Demange, Perline and Algan, Yann and Baumard, Nicolas and Chevallier, Coralie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.31234/osf.io/43q8z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {PsyArXiv},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Early life adversity is associated with diminished social trust in adults},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/43q8z},
  year = 2020
}

@article{remizova2020understanding,
  abstract = {The justifiability scale (JS) is widely used to measure individual and country differences in moral attitudes. However, the validity of the instrument has been barely assessed. The current study addressed the concurrent and content validity of four popular JS items (justifiability of homosexuality, suicide, prostitution, and euthanasia). A sample of 493 Russians completed both JS and the four validated multi-item scales. Results demonstrated that multi-item scales measuring suicide, prostitution, and euthanasia attitudes explained less than half of the variance of the corresponding JS items. The JS underestimated the justifiability of homosexuality, prostitution and suicide, and overestimated the justifiability of euthanasia. The JS homosexuality item appeared to be a precise measure of attitudes towards male but less so female homosexuality. The concurrent validity of the four items was associated with item non-differentiation. We conclude that JS items should be used either after accounting for their bias, or as indicators of more abstract latent constructs. },
  author = {Remizova, Alisa and Rudnev, Maksim},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/13645579.2019.1683135},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2019.1683135},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Research Methodology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {291-309},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Understanding the justifiability scale in international surveys: an exploratory study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2019.1683135},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2020
}

@article{hartlieb2020effect,
  abstract = {We investigate the impact of an informal social attribute on cost behavior. More specifically, we examine the effect of generalized trust (trust in others) on cost stickiness. Using a large international sample from 44 countries, we find that generalized trust significantly increases cost stickiness. Important rationales for this result are that managers in more trusting societies are more optimistic as well as committed to stable, long-term employment relationships. This study makes a significant contribution in understanding cost stickiness differences across the globe. Our results further complement prior research which has found, to the contrary, that trust and cost stickiness are negatively associated at the local level. Hence, our study corroborates the importance of distinguishing between local social capital and global generalized trust concerning their effect on economic outcomes},
  author = {Hartlieb, Sven and Loy, Thomas R. and Eierle, Brigitte},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1142/S1094406020500183},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {The International Journal of Accounting (TIJA)},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-48},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Effect of Generalized Trust on Cost Stickiness: Cross-Country Evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1142/S1094406020500183},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2020
}

@article{hatun2020yetikinlerin,
  abstract = {For several decades, a handful of studies have examined the relationship between religion and abortion; they particularly pay attention to public attitudes. However, fewer quantitative studies have considered Muslims’ attitudes toward abortion. This study explores a new religious and traditional perspective that comes from Islam and also enhances the existing literature on the topic of religion and abortion. The significance of this study is based on the fact that Turkey, as well as its importance of geographical location and cultural heritage in today’s world, is one of two Muslim-populated countries in which performing abortion is legal. In order to measure the pulse of the public about this topic, we used data from the fourth wave of the European Value Study (2008). Our purpose is to display how religious factors influence people’s attitudes toward practicing abortion in the cases, “Women who are not married” and “A couple who does not want more children.” The findings indicate that people who have a high level of religiosity are more likely to disapprove of the practice of abortion. This finding also can be a considerable indicator of public attitudes regarding abortion to contribute to probable changes in the abortion policy of Turkey.},
  author = {Hatun, Dogan and Yilmaz, Murat},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.17335/sakaifd.784869},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Sakarya University Faculty of Theology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 42,
  pages = {433-456},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Türk Yetişkinlerin Dindarlığı ve Kürtaja Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumları: İslami Perspektiften (Religiosity and Public Attitudes toward Abortion among Turkish Adults: From an Islamic Perspective)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.784869},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2020
}

@article{roskova2020dimensions,
  abstract = {The paper deals with the dimensions of social capital in the Slovak Republic. The aim is to assess how social capital is distributed socially among the citizens of the Slovak Republic and geographically among the regions of the country. Social capital is evaluated on a basis of the three dimensions, where networks, trust and civism belong. The paper analyses the data from the European Values Study survey, especially the 2008 wave. The results of this study show that social capital has kept a decreasing tendency in the Slovak Republic throughout the period from the year 1991 to the year 2008. The reasons behind this may lie in the historical development of the country – the transformation of the economy and the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic. With respect to a social distribution, social capital is generally higher among more educated, right-wing Slovaks with higher earnings. In the terms of a geographical distribution, the Trnava Region and the Trenčín Region appear to have less developed social capital compared to the other regions in Slovak Republic.},
  author = {Rošková, Ivana and Prochádzková, Martina and Klasová, Slávka and Kováč, Viliam},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.13136/isr.v10i2.336},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2239-8589},
  journal = {Italian Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {173-200},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Dimensions and Evaluation of Social Capital and Its Regional Distribution in the Slovak Republic},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.13136/isr.v10i2.336},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2020
}

@article{galland2019french,
  abstract = {In the last issue of Futuribles (431, July-August 2019), Pierre Bréchon presented the first lessons for France from the latest European Values Study (EVS) and stressed the substantial gap that exists between the pessimistic – even alarmist – language of those commenting on surveys on social cohesion, and actual long-term trends in French values. Olivier Galland, also drawing on the results of this latest wave of EVS findings, now arrives at the same conclusion with regard to the argument advanced by Jérôme Fourquet in his latest book, which finds a growing division of French society into various identity-based communities.Galland examines the three main arguments advanced by Fourquet in support of his thesis that France is becoming an “archipelago”: the move away from Catholicism, the “secession of the elites” and the cultural defection of the working classes. Citing the statistical evidence, he demonstrates that on these various points, things are not quite so simple and that the long-term trends do not corroborate these arguments. Here again, we must beware of reaching over-hasty conclusions that lead us to set social classes too starkly against each other. We must also take account of the convergences on values that exist across the whole of French society.},
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.432.0049},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 5,
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Is French society fragmenting? On Jérôme Fourquet’s L’Archipel français},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/futur.432.0049},
  year = 2019
}

@article{brechon2019trend,
  abstract = {For more than 35 years Futuribles has shown an interest in the evolution of value systems and the study of their transformation, regularly reporting the findings of the surveys carried out every 9-10 years as part of the European Values Study. The latest wave of such surveys was carried out in 2017-18 and Pierre Bréchon outlines the first lessons from these as they relate to France. In the context of social crisis that has beset the country since November 2018, the long-term analysis Pierre Bréchon provides here on the evolution of French values with regard to lives and society, brings useful perspective. Without disputing the difficulties they may encounter in everyday life (in terms of incomes, jobs etc.), Bréchon stresses that, judging by the latest surveys, society is not in danger of falling apart in France, the values of tolerance and respect for others continue to advance, and happiness levels are as high as before and remain stable etc. Individualization continues to increase, attachment to the protective state remains as it was, political involvement is stable and religion still steadily in decline. However, the attitude to democracy is more complex and the demand for public order remains high. Though these last two points suggest that a certain vigilance is required to maintain French attachment to democracy and France’s political institutions, the results of the 2017-18 surveys run counter, more generally, to the ambient pessimism.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.431.0055},
  isbn = {9782843874444},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {55-71},
  publisher = {Futuribles},
  refid = {E_FUTUR_431_0055},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {A trend survey of French values. More personal freedom, more demands in the collective sphere},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/futur.431.0055},
  volume = 431,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{gabler2019compulsory,
  abstract = {We examine whether compulsory voting influences political participation as measured by voter turnout, invalid voting, political interest, confidence in parliament, and party membership. In Austria, some states temporarily introduced compulsory voting in national elections. We investigate border municipalities across two states which differ in compulsory voting legislation using a difference-in-differences approach. The results show that compulsory voting increased voter turnout by 3.5 percentage points but we do not find long-run effects. Once compulsory voting was abolished, voter turnout returned to pre-compulsory voting levels. Microdata evidence suggests that compulsory voting tends to crowd out intrinsic motivation for political participation which may explain why compulsory voting is not found to be habit-forming.},
  address = {München},
  author = {Gäbler, Stefanie and Potrafke, Niklas and Rösel, Felix},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {ifo Institut},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 315,
  pages = 44,
  series = {ifo Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Compulsory Voting and Political Participation: Empirical Evidence from Austria},
  url = {https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/wp-2019-315-gaebler-potrafke-roesel-voting-political-participation-austria.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{aassve2021trust,
  abstract = {Recent studies have shown higher uncertainty to be associated with fertility decline. This study considers the role of social trust as a coping mechanism when general uncertainty increases. We analyse the fertility data of Italian provinces from 2004 to 2013, thereby incorporating the period of economic recession, which unexpectedly and exogenously increased uncertainty across the population. We find a robust and significantly positive impact of social trust on fertility, which is stronger among younger age groups. Moreover, we find that the buffer effect of trust decreases with the level of public childcare provision, suggesting that low trust endowments may be counterbalanced through public policy.},
  author = {Aassve, Arnstein and Moglie, Marco Le and Mencarini, Letizia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.1080/00324728.2020.1742927},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Population Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {19-36},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Trust and fertility in uncertain times},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2020.1742927},
  volume = 75,
  year = 2021
}

@phdthesis{2018political,
  abstract = {The thesis is focused on the two aspects of study of political moods: basic and applied. In the theoretical part the author comes up to the definition of political mood through reviewing umbrella terms. First of all, the phenomenon of social moods is examined through defining what public opinion and mass consciousness is. Next, according to the theoretical analysis the author represents his own definition of the studied phenomenon – political mood. Moreover, the author analyses the process of transformations in Russian society from 1990s' till nowadays. The applied aspect of the scientific work provides analysis of data collected through an all-Russia poll fielded December 2017- January 2018. Respondents aged 18–30 y.o. were interviewed. The research method was polling on-line. In accordance with the author’s definition, the political moods are made up of the following categories: estimations of political life, political expectations and political participation. These categories serve as a basis for constituting indicator groups, which form the questionnaire. Estimations of political life include the following indicators: interest to politics; views on democracy; interaction with authorities; authorities performance estimation; political climate estimation; opposing attitudes estimation. Political expectations should be determined as the sum of expectations from authorities and from the presidential elections in March 2018. Political participation contains indicators like intention to participate in person in politics and the ways of this participation, willingness to vote and to protest. The author suggests reviewing the findings of the endogenous poll, where demographic specificities of political moods of the Russian youth are highlighted.},
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Станевич, Анастасия Юрьевна},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  pages = 246,
  school = {Moscow State Linguistic University},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ НАСТРОЕНИЯ МОЛОДЕЖИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ РОССИЙСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА (Political moods of Russian youth in transforming society)},
  year = 2018
}

@article{kowalski2020catholic,
  abstract = {This article provides a comparative examination of teachers’ experiences of both participating in Catholic teacher education programmes and teaching within Catholic schools in the Republic of Ireland and the United States. This mixed-methods study consisted of surveys and interviews with 22 teachers who are graduates of both Irish and US teacher education programmes and have taught in Catholic schools in both countries. This distinct cohort of Irish Catholic educators reveals how faith and Catholic identity are experienced in two distinct education systems that share a common mission. The research underscores how context powerfully shapes the lived experience of teachers in both Catholic teacher education programmes and in Catholic schools, and it highlights implications for those responsible for Catholic teacher education programmes and also for the leaders of Catholic schools. The extent to which members of a school community explicitly identify and choose to embody the Catholic identity greatly shapes outcomes.},
  author = {Kowalski, Monica J and Tiernan, Jonathan and McGraw, Sean D},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791},
  doi = {10.1177/1745499920930570},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499920930570},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4433 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Research in Comparative and International Education},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {171-185},
  study-id = {EVS1981},
  title = {Catholic education in Ireland and the United States: Teachers’ comparative perspectives},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499920930570},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{wesselink2020nederlandse,
  abstract = {Omdat er van oudsher wordt aangenomen dat religie en liberale verworvenheden zich slecht tot elkaar verhouden, en er uit het onderzoek van Achterberg et al. (2009) is gebleken dat christenen in Nederland de publieke rol van religie graag zien toenemen, is er in dit onderzoek inzicht gegeven in de attitudes van diverse groepen christenen ten aanzien van liberale verworvenheden. Dit omdat een meer publieke rol van religie dan zou kunnen leiden tot problemen in de politiek en tot meer onbegrip tussen verschillende groepen in de maatschappij. Aan de hand van data van de vierde wave van de European Values Study (EVS) zijn er multiple regressies uitgevoerd (N= 1489) waar verschillende conclusies uitgetrokken zijn. Zo kwam er naar voren dat christenen in Nederland over het algemeen afwijzender staan ten aanzien van liberale verworvenheden dan niet-gelovigen. Verder zijn vooral strikt gelovige christenen, kerkelijke christenen en protestante christenen afwijzend ten aanzien van liberale verworvenheden. Binnen deze liberale verworvenheden liggen kwesties over leven of dood het gevoeligst.},
  address = {Utrecht},
  author = {Wesselink, G.B.M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10155},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4758 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {Universiteit Utrecht},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Nederlandse christenen en liberale verworvenheden},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/397569},
  year = 2020
}

@article{kuhar2019impact,
  abstract = {Many researchers claim that facilitation is a determining factor, if not a necessary condition, for successful deliberative discussion, but little research has applied randomized experimental designs to empirically test such claim. This article analyzes the effect of professionally facilitated versus non-facilitated discussions in a real-life context on participants’ attitudes and the perceived quality of group deliberation, controlling for various individual- and group-level variables. We conducted 26 deliberative discussions with 226 teachers from 13 primary schools on the topic of school discipline measures. We assessed the teachers’ post-discussion perceptions of the perceived quality of the group deliberation and their attitudes toward school discipline measures pre- and post-discussion. The results show the facilitation’s significant influences on attitude change and the perceived quality of the group deliberation. Quality of deliberation is also influenced by heterogeneity of restorative attitudes in discussion groups, whereas attitude change is to a large extent determined also by pre-discussion attitudes. },
  author = {Kuhar, Metka and Krmelj, Matej and Petrič, Gregor},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/1046496419861439},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496419861439},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Small Group Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {623-653},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Impact of Facilitation on the Quality of Deliberation and Attitude Change},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496419861439},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2019
}

@phdthesis{jutz2019impact,
  abstract = {Despite the progress made in population health, there are still large differences in health between countries and within countries for different socioeconomic groups. This dissertation examines the impact of social policy on socioeconomic inequalities in health in Europe. Data from the European Social Survey, the European Values Study 2008 and several data sources for macro level indicators are used to examine whether social policy moderates the relationship between socioeconomic status and health. In three chapters, social policy is operationalised according to the regime approach, the expenditure approach and the institutional approach. While social policy{--}irrespective of its operationalisation{--}has a positive effect on population health, results regarding the impact of social policy on socioeconomic health inequalities are inconsistent.},
  address = {Mannheim},
  author = {Jutz, Regina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12252 ; 10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5800 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {Englisch},
  pages = 144,
  school = {Universität Mannheim},
  study-id = {ISSP2011 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The impact of social policies on health inequalities in Europe},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/51145/},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{zubashvili2020deconstructing,
  abstract = {Host societies’ attitudes towards immigrants in Europe has continuously been getting attention in recent decades of increased levels of globalization, as attitudes determine the levels of immigrants’ integration. This, in turn, has huge influence on social cohesion so important for the functioning of peaceful and just societies. While Sweden has proved itself as an exception both in terms of open attitudes and integration policies, recent increase in popularity of right-wing populist party makes the attitudes towards immigrants in Sweden worth investigating. Presented study argues that distinguishing between sociopsychological and socioeconomic dimensions of attitudes is necessary for comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. Employing the data from 2017 wave of European Values Survey, study examines the determinants of attitudes towards immigrants in Sweden, and to what extent they differ in determining different dimensions of attitudes. The theoretical assumptions about different dimensions in attitudes is also confirmed by the method of principle components analysis. Results show that the most variance in attitudes is explained when both sociopsychological and socioeconomic dimensions of attitudes are accounted for, and finds more support for sociopsychological, rather than socioeconomic theories.},
  address = {Lund},
  author = {Zubashvili, Nino},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 117,
  school = {Lund University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Deconstructing and Reconstructing Attitudes Towards Immigrants: The Case of Sweden},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9020672},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{furseth2018changing,
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Furseth, Inger and Ahlin, Lars and Ketola, Kimmo and Leis-Peters, Annette and Sigurvinsson, Bjarni Randver},
  booktitle = {Religious Complexity in Nordic Public Spheres. Comparing Northern Countries},
  editor = {Furseth, Inger},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {31-80},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Palgrave Studies in Religion, Politics, and Policy},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Changing Religious Landscapes in the Nordic Countries},
  year = 2018
}

@mastersthesis{turunen2020gifting,
  abstract = {This thesis examines the gift relationship in blood donation and the role institutions play in this relationship. Using survey data that encompasses all countries in the European Union blood donation is approached with the blood collection regimes. New countries that haven’t been categorised into regimes before are categorised and analysed in the thesis. Additionally, the donor population of the European Union is examined to uncover who donate blood. Blood is not something that is simply donated. It is collected by organisations that affect what kind of activity donation of blood is. These organisations are in a peculiar gift relationship with the people who donate blood. This gift relationship somewhat reminds that of Maussian gift of archaic tribes. Giving gifts, receiving them, and reciprocating are all parts of the relationship. The results showed that the gift relationship is still present in blood donation. However, blood seems not strongly connected to other altruistically activity, at least on country level. Blood collection regimes still have explanatory power in explaining blood donors of the European Union. Donor population in each regime was somewhat distinct, especially compared to other country level explanations. Blood donor population showed that the donor population differs from country to another and between regimes. Blood donors are not some unique type of people who donate people. Rather, they are people who blood collecting organisations have recruited as donors. },
  address = {Turku},
  author = {Turunen, Johannes A.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12999 ; 10.4232/1.11004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5931 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Turku},
  study-id = {EB82.2 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Gifting Through Institutions: Blood Donor Population and Blood Collection Regimes of the European Union Revisited},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://www.utupub.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/149225/Turunen_Johannes_opinnayte.pdf?sequence=1},
  year = 2020
}

@article{montorogurich2019family,
  abstract = {Understanding the family experience of health and illness within the family’s social and cultural context helps health professionals understand a family’s stories. The purpose of this article is to present salient characteristics of the Western European family to extend understanding about family structure and values in relation to caring and intergenerational solidarity. The goal is to provide nurses and other health professionals with culturally competent knowledge that can inform practice with families. Evidence suggests that a family model, characterized by strong-family type societies consisting of coresidence, solidarity, and intergenerational relationships, stalwartly continues in Mediterranean countries. However, due to the recent economic crisis in Spain and other European countries, there is a trend toward the withdrawal of state responsibility toward the family, and an increasing weight on families’ responsibility, particularly for women, toward the care of their old and chronically ill relative. Therefore, there is a need to make health and social systems more effective, sustainable, and focused on family care. },
  author = {Montoro-Gurich, Carolina and Garcia-Vivar, Cristina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/1074840719841404},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Family Nursing},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {170-189},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Family in Europe: Structure, Intergenerational Solidarity, and New Challenges to Family Health},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840719841404},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2019
}

@article{filip2021analysis,
  abstract = {While recent trends in the study of radical party voting have tended to focus on egalitarian attitudes and individual personality traits in their endeavour to explain radical party choice, the present study pits individual identity traits in the spotlight of ballot box behaviour, using data from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey. We analyse the link between exclusive and inclusive identity (identifying with a more restricted ‘in-group’ versus identifying with a larger community) and the propensity to vote for radical right and radical left parties, using differences in individual identification with respondents’ home nation and as European citizens. The results show that exclusive individual identity is a good predictor of radical right party choice, even in the presence of redistributive and egalitarian values usually associated with left-wing voting. The results also speak to the literature on welfare chauvinism. While the presence of strong egalitarian and redistributive attitudes does indeed normally predict radical left party preference in line with previous findings, this relationship is complicated by the presence of exclusive individual identity, which moderates the former’s effect and can induce egalitarian voters to prefer radical right parties. In conclusion, the paper explores the interaction of identity and social class. },
  author = {Filip, Alexandru and Lorenz, Jan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/23745118.2020.1816007},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {European Politics and Society},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {664-695},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {An analysis of the link between individual identity traits and radical party choice},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2020.1816007},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2021
}

@article{luijkx2021european,
  abstract = {The European Values Study (EVS) was first conducted in 1981 and then repeated in 1990, 1999, 2008, and 2017, with the aim of providing researchers with data to investigate whether European individual and social values are changing and to what degree. The EVS is traditionally carried out as a probability-based face-to-face survey that takes around 1 hour to complete. In recent years, large-scale population surveys such as the EVS have been challenged by decreasing response rates and increasing survey costs. In the light of these challenges, six countries that participated in the last wave of the EVS tested the application of self-administered mixed-modes (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland). With the present data brief, we will introduce researchers to the latest wave of the EVS, the implemented mode experiments, and the EVS data releases. In our view, it is pivotal for data use in substantive research to make the reasoning behind design changes and country-specific implementations transparent as well as to highlight new research opportunities.},
  author = {Luijkx, Ruud and Jónsdóttir, Guðbjörg Andrea and Gummer, Tobias and Ernst Stähli, Michèle and Frederiksen, Morten and Ketola, Kimmo and Reeskens, Tim and Brislinger, Evelyn and Christmann, Pablo and Gunnarsson, Stefán Þór and Hjaltason, Árni Bragi and Joye, Dominique and Lomazzi, Vera and Maineri, Angelica M and Milbert, Patricia and Ochsner, Michael and Pollien, Alexandre and Sapin, Marlène and Solanes, Ivet and Verhoeven, Sascha and Wolf, Christof},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcaa049},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0266-7215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {330–346},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The European Values Study 2017: On the Way to the Future Using Mixed-Modes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaa049},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2021
}

@phdthesis{schmid2020geographic,
  abstract = {Geography, social context, time, and cultural mindset are four (out of many) cornerstones of human interaction. When building statistical models, their consideration is vital: They all cause dependency between individual observations, violating assumptions of independence and exchangeability. While this can be problematic and inhibit the unbiased inference of parameters, it can also be a fruitful source of insights and enhance prediction performance. One class of models that serves to manage or profit from the presence of dependence is the class of latent variable models. This class of models assumes that the presence of non-explicit, unobserved causes of continuous or discrete nature can explain the observed correlations. Latent variable models explicitly take account of dependency, for example, by modeling an unobserved local source of pollution as a continuous spatial variable. Through their widespread use for information fitering, link prediction, and statistical inference, latent variable models have developed an essential impact on our daily life and the way we consume information. The four articles in this thesis shed light on assumptions, usage, and potential drawbacks of latent variable models in various contexts that involve geographic and interaction data. We model unobserved sources of pollution in geophysical data, explore individual taste and mindsets in cross-cultural contexts, and predict the evolution of social relationships in software development projects. This combination of various perspectives contributes to the interdisciplinary exchange of methodological knowledge on the modeling of dependent data.},
  address = {Passau},
  author = {Schmid, Angelika},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 187,
  school = {Universität Passau},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Geographic and Social Space in Latent Factor Models - Four Essays},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:739-opus4-7947},
  year = 2020
}

@article{maksimovic2020poverenje,
  abstract = {Proces sekularizacije je učinio da klasična religioznost izgubi svoju tradicionalno dominantnu poziciju. Tu poziciju preuzimaju oblici tzv. svetovne religioznosti. Prema našem mišljenju, svetovna religioznost nije prepoznata u Srbiji kao religioznost postmodernog doba, već pre kao oblik prilagođenosti religije uslovima postmodernizma. Otuda smatramo da je klasična religioznost u Srbiji i dalje dominantna. Stav i poverenje prema crkvi upravo tumačimo kao konvencionalnu religioznost. Stav i poverenje prema crkvi sagledavamo kroz dva pitanja. Prvo pitanje meri stav prema crkvi kroz dvovalentno izražavanje stava o tome da li crkva daje odgovore na moralna pitanja, duhovne potrebe, porodične i socijalne probleme. Drugo pitanje tiče se poverenja u crkvu. Oba pitanja smo merili u odnosu na obrazovanje, pol, na relaciji ruralno/urbano i u odnosu na pripadnost religijskim konfesijama. U radu smo se oslanjali na analizu sekundarnih podataka EVS-a (European Value Study) na bazi anketne metode u svim državama Evrope. Hipoteze od kojih smo pošli u radu bile su da se sa povećanjem nivoa obrazovanja smanjuje stepen poverenja u crkvu a da je stav prema crkvi negativniji, da je kod žena pozitivniji stav prema crkvi i veće poverenje nego kod muškaraca, da je viši stepen poverenja i pozitivniji stav prema crkvi u selu nego u gradu i da je viši stepen poverenja i pozitivan stav prema crkvi, odnosno prema verskim zajednicama, kod muslimana nego kod pravoslavaca, katolika i protestanata. Teorijski, naše pretpostavke su zasnovane na teoriji sekularizacije. U tom smislu, društvene promene su umanjile uticaj religije u društvu, a na pojedince se deluje mehanizmima profanog društva. Fokusirali smo se na građane Srbije, gde su uticaji tranzicije poziciju religije učinili složenijom.},
  author = {Maksimović, Andrijana and Petrov, Aleksandar},
  doi = {10.5937/kom1902085M},
  journal = {Kom : časopis za religijske nauke},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {85-104},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Stav i poverenje prema crkvi kod građana Srbije},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5937/kom1902085M},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2020
}

@article{ezcurra2020quality,
  abstract = {This paper examines the role played by spatial spillovers in shaping the regional distribution of quality of government across the European Union. To do so, it constructs a hybrid spatial weights matrix combining geographical, technological and social distances between the European regions. The results reveal that the quality of government in neighbouring regions has a positive and statistically significant effect on one region’s quality of government, which highlights the relevance of spatial effects in this context. This finding is robust to the inclusion in the analysis of different variables that may affect regional governance. Likewise, the observed effect of neighbouring regions does not depend on the specific dimension of governance considered, the spatial weights matrix used to describe the spatial linkages between the European regions, or the econometric specification employed to capture the nature of spatial spillovers. The results also show that policy innovations related to governance spread from regions with high and intermediate levels of quality of government. },
  author = {Ezcurra, Roberto and Rios, Vicente},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/00343404.2019.1665644},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1032-1042},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Quality of government in European regions: do spatial spillovers matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019.1665644},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2020
}

@article{pless2020cultural,
  abstract = {Moral traditionalism versus progressiveness and secular authoritarianism versus libertarianism are often understood as central to the same “new” cultural cleavage in politics. Despite the often-found sizable correlations between these two cultural value divides, the present paper theorizes that this relationship is not a cross-contextual constant, but rather a specific feature of secularized contexts where moral traditionalism is relatively marginal. We test this theory by means of a two-stage statistical analysis of the data from the four waves of the European Values Study (1981–2008) for 17 Western European countries. Our findings confirm that the two value divides are most strongly connected in the most secularized contexts because the latter are least morally traditionalist. While the two cultural divides hence tend to be distinct in more religious Western-European countries, they tend to coalesce into one single “new” cultural divide in more secular ones.},
  author = {Pless, Anna and Tromp, Paul and Houtman, Dick},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1017/S175504831900049X},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Politics and Religion},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {445-464},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The “New” Cultural Cleavage in Western Europe: A Coalescence of Religious and Secular Value Divides?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S175504831900049X},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2020
}

@article{brini2020childlessness,
  abstract = {Low fertility and childlessness have been largely interpreted as being driven by the same mechanisms, although they may be qualitatively different phenomena. The present article discusses this assumption and studies determinants of childlessness by comparing them with determinants of low fertility. Drawing on micro-level data from the European Labour Force Survey (2005–2010) and macro-level data from external data sources, it enters the debate on the micro- and macro-determinants of fertility and childlessness by analysing women who live with or without children when they are 35–39 years old. By means of a series of multilevel models, it discusses the moderating role of the institutional and normative context in the link between individual characteristics and childlessness, and it analyses the extent to which micro- and macro-level determinants of childlessness differ from factors associated with low-fertility. The results indicate that the macro-level factors associated with individual childlessness are similar to those identified in the literature on low fertility. However, interesting differences emerge in how reconciliation and family support policies relate on childlessness and low-fertility across different groups of women. Overall, these findings highlight the importance to study childlessness as a phenomenon on its own, distinguishing its determinants from determinants of (low) fertility.},
  author = {Brini, Elisa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1186/s41118-020-00074-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2035-5556},
  journal = {Genus},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1-38},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Childlessness and low fertility in context: evidence from a multilevel analysis on 20 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-020-00074-7},
  volume = 76,
  year = 2020
}

@article{voicu2019religious,
  abstract = {During the last 30 years Romania has experienced a revival of church attendance, and a significant increase in the number of houses of worship, having the highest rate of construction in Europe. The paper provides theoretical arguments that support the idea that the increase in church attendance has roots in the fast growth in the number of houses of worship, which provide easier access to religious services, and help the development of parish communities, which are highly relevant for Eastern Orthodoxy. This growth is the outcome of the privileged position of the Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC), which received funding from the central government and in-kind support from local authorities to extend the ROC's infrastructure, in exchange for active support in the political arena granted by the ROC to the party in power. Different from other religious organizations in Romania or other Orthodox churches in post-communist societies, the ROC is a powerful organization, and played its cards to get privileges from the political power during the communist and post-communist eras, which made the ROC more visible and attractive to the Romanian public. The research uses a composition of pooled datasets derived from 18 national and international surveys in Romania, covering a time span of 27 years, from 1991 to 2018, and employs multilevel logistic regression. The hypothesis regarding the relationship between the growth in church attendance and the increasing number of houses of worship is supported by the empirical data. Data have shown that growth in the number of houses of worship may fuel religious revivals, even if the offer is homogenous, and comes from nearly only one religious provider.},
  author = {Voicu, Malina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.2251 ; 10.4232/1.2321 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s13644-019-00381-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2251 v1.0.0 ; ZA2321 v1.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA5000},
  issn = {2211-4866},
  journal = {Review of Religious Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {365–388},
  study-id = {CEEB2 ; CEEB3 ; EVS1981-2008 ; EB73.1},
  title = {Religious Supply, Existential Insecurity and Church Attendance in Post-communist Romania},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-019-00381-2},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2019
}

@article{podolinska2019religiosity,
  abstract = {Religiosity represents a key temporal and spatial-based social phenomenon with great internal variability. In this paper, we focus on a selection of the most important indicators of this factor in Slovakian society. With the aid of temporal statistical data with some structural differences (such as age) in current society, we attempt to concentrate on the dynamics and great spatial diversification of denominational division in Slovakia. The Church and state relationship is another politically important factor which influences this social phenomenon. The variability of relationships within the social and political context and its transformations was a significant determinant influencing the religiosity and development of religious life. Moreover, even in today's mostly secularizing society, this relationship maintains its importance for the society. In the analysis of societal religiosity, we have to focus on the internal aspects of faith, measured by representative surveys that portray varieties of internal aspects of faith and their divergence from the censual measurement of denominational affiliation.},
  author = {Podolinská, Tatiana Zachar and Tížik, Miroslav and Majo, Juraj},
  doi = {10.14712/25704893.2019.1},
  journal = {Central European Journal for Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-33},
  study = {EVS1991 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Religiosity in Slovakia: Structure, Dynamics and Spatial Diversification},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14712/25704893.2019.1},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{drobetz2020social,
  abstract = {Using a comprehensive international dataset of institutional investor holdings, we study social trust as a source of institutional investment biases. Our findings indicate that national trust-levels affect the investment allocation of institutional investors between domestic and foreign equity markets. Specifically, we document that institutional investors from low-trust countries hold disproportionally larger fractions of their portfolio in domestic equities. This relation holds after controlling for institutional, political, and cultural factors that are known to affect institutional investment choice. Exploiting the heterogeneity in information cost across investor groups as well as events of exogenous variation in information asymmetries at the global level, we show that information asymmetries are the primary channel linking trust and investment decisions. In fact, trust seems to be of particular importance if information asymmetries on the international equity markets are high. Consistent with these findings, we further document that trust also affects the foreign bias in institutional equity portfolios. All findings are robust to alternative measures of social trust.},
  author = {Drobetz, Wolfgang and Mönkemeyer, Marwin and Requejo, Ignacio and Schröder, Henning},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3651533},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Social Trust and Institutional Investment Biases},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3651533},
  year = 2020
}

@article{wysmulek2019using,
  abstract = {Many international survey projects contain items on corruption that facilitate comparative analyses of individual-level determinants of perceived and experienced corruption, yet such data remain under-used. To encourage more and better use of the wealth of available survey projects, this article presents a comprehensive review of the largest collection of extant cross-national data suitable for research on corruption in Europe. I examine a total of 1129 items on corruption stemming from 21 international survey projects and their 89 survey waves that cover 45 European countries during the period 1989–2017. Within three decades, the number of corruption items has grown remarkably, rising from just one in 1989 to nearly a hundred in 2017. This article shows the trends: a considerable increase in experiential items; greater differentiation between forms of corruption; a move from items on ‘what government has done’ to items on ‘what ordinary people can do’; and inclusion of items on corruption in private sector. Researchers interested in understanding perceptions and experiences of corruption, as they are shaped by social contexts, are offered an opportunity of exploring the availability of corruption items in international survey projects in a systematic manner in order to analyzed patterns of corruption, its causes and consequences. Concluding part of the paper contains some remarks on the challenges of using survey data on corruption in a comparative framework.},
  author = {Wysmułek, Ilona},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-019-00873-x},
  issn = {0033-5177},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {2589-2610},
  study = {EVS ; Eurobarometer ; ISSP},
  title = {Using public opinion surveys to evaluate corruption in Europe: trends in the corruption items of 21 international survey projects, 1989–2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00873-x},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{bentzen2019societies,
  abstract = {The world of today sees vast differences in religiosity. The most religious countries are Algeria and Pakistan, where 100% of the population believe in God.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Bentzen, Jeanet Sinding},
  booktitle = {Advances in the Economics of Religion},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-98848-1_16},
  editor = {Carvalho, Jean-Paul and Sriya, Iyer. and Rubin, Jared},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9783319988481},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {265-281},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  refid = {Bentzen2019},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Why Are Some Societies More Religious Than Others?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98848-1_16},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{larsson2019monitoring,
  abstract = {Public procurement encompasses large amounts of public funds and is essential for the public sector to function. For the same reasons it is vulnerable to corruption, considering that the process presents both motives and opportunities for corruption. To control corruption, anticorruption literature suggests that civil society can play an important role in monitoring and sanctioning corrupt public officials. Consequently, the aim of this thesis is to combine these strands of literature and observe the possibility for a strong civil society to curb corruption within procurement. Nonetheless, accountability scholars argue that the ability for civil society to demand accountability should be considered on a contextual basis. Thus, in order to accurately capture the effect of civil society on procurement corruption, the study observes both the unconditional relationship and the relationship conditional upon level of transparency, meritocracy, and local media. The thesis studies the relationships in 175 EU regions and estimates the effect of civil society using OLS regression analysis. In contrast to the previous literature, the results of the study suggest that civil society is ineffective in the most favourable institutional conditions. Instead, civil society appears capable of reducing procurement corruption in regions characterized by low transparency and meritocracy respectively. This thesis interprets the results as indicative of institutions not only affecting the ability of civil society to demand accountability, but also the willingness for it do so. },
  address = {Göteborg},
  author = {Larsson, Fredrik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Göteborgs universitet},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Monitoring corruption: civil society involvement in public procurement. A comparative study of the conditional effect of societal accountability in EU regions},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://www.konkurrensverket.se/globalassets/forskning/uppsatser/uppsats2019_fredrik-larsson.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{besic2019patterns,
  abstract = {In this paper, we examine the patterns of religiosity in South-East Europe. By using PCA and CFA we identiﬁed four patterns, which were subjected to further analysis. The patterns of religiosity are: Religious Belief, Relation to God, Relation to the Church, and Religious Practice. We used descriptive and multivariate statistics in order to compare these four dimensions among religious groups and countries/samples. We found a high level of religiosity on all four patterns in the South-East region of Europe (SEE). Additionally, we found that diﬀerences among countries in SE Europe are much more conspicuous than the diﬀerences among the three main religious denominations. Finally, by using OLS regression analysis, it was found that on diﬀerent dimensions of religiosity there are signiﬁcant differences between countries.},
  address = {Belgrade},
  author = {Bešić, Miloš},
  booktitle = { Politology of Religion: a Biannual Conference 2018: Conference proceedings},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Jevtić, Miroljub and Veković, Marko},
  eventdate = {23.11.2018},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-86-6425-057-3},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {61-78},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Patterns of Religiosity in South-East Europe},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{lichard2019women,
  abstract = {In this paper we ask how the division of household work varies across dual-earner couples with different relative wages. Using the Survey of Income and Living Conditions we first show that high income married or cohabiting women work home do twice as much household work as single women in Southern Europe. Moreover, women’s time spent on household production (relative to their spouses’ time) in Southern Europe is the same, regardless of their relative wages, while in Western Europe we find positive elasticity of substitution between relative wages and time spent on household production. We thus present positive evidence for the presence of a “second-shift” that women face in Southern Europe, which may stem from different gender norms. Our findings hold after instrumenting for relative wages using the relative wages of similar socio-economic groups in other countries.},
  author = {Lichard, Tomas and Pertold, Filip and Škoda, Samuel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3506257},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {SSRN},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Do Women Face a Glass Ceiling at Home? The Division of Household Work among Dual-Earner Couples},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3506257},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{brislinger2019dateiorganisation,
  address = {Opladen},
  author = {Brislinger, Evelyn and Recker, Jonas},
  booktitle = {Forschungsdatenmanagement sozialwissenschaftlicher Umfragedaten. Grundlagen und praktische Lösungen für den Umgang mit quantitativen Forschungsdaten},
  doi = {10.3224/84742233.06},
  editor = {Jensen, Uwe and Netscher, Sebastian and Weller, Katrin},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {81-96},
  publisher = {Verlag Barbara Budrich},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Dateiorganisation in empirischen Forschungsprojekten},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3224/84742233.06},
  year = 2019
}

@article{jordaan2020materialism,
  abstract = {Although a growing number of countries are experiencing structural societal changes characterised by an increased prominence of post materialistic societal goals and personal values, there is limited empirical evidence on the economic effects of post materialism. In this paper, we address this gap in the literature by estimating the effect of post materialism on the level of economic development for a heterogeneous set of countries. Furthermore, in line with the notion that institutions may act as transmission channel of economic effects of social values, we estimate whether institutions transmit indirect effects from post materialism. Our findings show that post materialism and institutions both generate sizeable effects on economic development. Institutions create consistent positive effects. The effect of post materialism consists of a negative direct effect and a larger positive indirect effect transmitted via institutions related to personal freedom, a solid regulatory framework and low corruption. These findings reflect the importance of accounting for the effects of social values such as post materialism and institutions as well as their interrelationship to identify more fully their impact on economic development.},
  author = {Jordaan, Jacob A. and Dima, Bogdan},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-019-02205-w},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {441-472},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Post Materialism and Comparative Economic Development: Do Institutions Act as Transmission Channel?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02205-w},
  volume = 148,
  year = 2020
}

@article{komar2020introduction,
  abstract = {This paper creates a framework for the comparison of two similar and yet different democratisation cases – Slovenia and Montenegro. The two countries have obvious similarities: their geography and small population, as well as their common socialist Yugoslav heritage and common aspirations to join international organisations, most importantly the European Union. However, while Slovenia went through the democratisation process rather smoothly, Montenegro took the longer road, struggling for more than a decade to regain its independence and complete its transition. We take into account different internal and external factors in these two cases such as the year of independence and of joining NATO, the political and electoral system, ethnic homogeneity, the viability of civil society, EU integration status, economic development and the presence of war in each territory in order to identify and describe those factors that contributed to the success of democratisation in different areas: the party system, the interest groups system, the defence system, Europeanisation and social policy. We find that the democratisation process in these countries produced different results in terms of quality. Various objective measures of the quality of democracy score Slovenia higher compared to Montenegro, while public opinion data shows, in general, greater satisfaction with the political system and greater trust in political institutions in Montenegro than in Slovenia.},
  author = {Komar, Olivera and Novak, Meta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.2478/pce-2020-0026},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1801-3422},
  journal = {Politics in Central Europe},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {569-592},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Introduction: (De)democratisation in Slovenia and Montenegro: Comparing the Quality of Democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/pce-2020-0026},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2020
}

@article{echeverria2019legacy,
  abstract = {This study examines the legacies of large-scale armed conflict on emancipative value preferences from 1946 to 2012. The multilevel analysis indicates that people living in countries with past armed conflict are more likely to endorse less emancipative value preferences. The higher the intensity and the longer the duration of the armed conflict episodes experienced in a country, the greater the impact on values. Our evidence further suggests that the mechanism through which armed conflict shapes values is by diminishing/destructing the material, intellectual, and connective resources available to a society. These findings show that armed conflict legacies are bleaker than previous studies on individual exposure to violence have suggested. Large-scale violence diminishes people’s ability and motivation to pursue a life free from domination, potentially eroding the basis of generalized tolerance and cooperation.},
  author = {Echeverría, Nohemi and Hemmerechts, Kenneth and Kavadias, Dimokritos},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0020715219874379},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {342-370},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The legacy of country-level experience of armed conflict on emancipative value preferences: A global cross-national study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715219874379},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{doumbia2019gender,
  abstract = {Bertrand, Kamenica, and Pan (2015) show that among married couples in the US, the distribution of the share of the household income earned by the wife exhibits a sharp drop just to the right of 50%. They argue that this drop is consistent with a social norm related to gender identity prescribing that a man should earn more than his wife. We investigate this phenomenon over the years 1996 to 2011 in Canada at the national level but also across provinces where cultural values and gender norms appear to be different. We find a similar discontinuity at the 50% threshold and show that it comes from both matching patterns and time use behavior. We find that couples form less when the probability that a woman earns more than her husband increases. We also find that wives with greater probability of earning more than their husbands are less likely to participate in the labor force and that if they participate, they have a higher probability of earning less than their potential income. Finally, we find that when women exceeded the spouse’s income equality threshold, they also increased their time spent in housework, but this effect has disappeared in recent years. We find a stronger effect of gender roles in Quebec and in the Prairies but a less important effect in British-Columbia and in Ontario.},
  address = {Québec},
  author = {Doumbia, Maéva and Goussé, Marion},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Centre de recherche sur les risques les enjeux économiques et les politiques publiques},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = 33,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Gender Identity and Relative Income within Households: Evidence from Canada},
  url = {https://www.crrep.ca/sites/crrep.ca/files/fichier_publications/2019-06.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{varga2020support,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Varga, Zsombor Vilibald},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Central European University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Support for Democracy in CEE countries: Micro-level Attributes in Politically Polarizing Societies},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://www.etd.ceu.edu/2020/varga_zsombor.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@book{obermaier2020vertrauen,
  abstract = {Magdalena Obermaier untersucht in ihrer Studie, welche Faktoren das Vertrauen in journalistische Medien erklären. Dazu greift die Autorin insbesondere auf die psychologische, politologische und kommunikationswissenschaftliche (Vertrauens-) Forschung zurück und systematisiert mögliche Erklärgrößen des Vertrauens in journalistische Medien. Deren relative Bedeutung prüft sie im Rahmen einer für die deutsche Bevölkerung repräsentativen Befragung. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Vertrauen in journalistische Medien und Mediengattungen sowohl durch soziopolitische Merkmale der Rezipienten, als auch durch auf die mediale Performanz bezogene Erklärgrößen, wie Mediennutzung und Bewertungen journalistischer Qualität, bedingt werden kann.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Obermaier, Magdalena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-31154-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9783658311537},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Vertrauen in journalistische Medien aus Sicht der Rezipienten: Zum Einfluss von soziopolitischen und performanzbezogenen Erklärgrößen},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31154-4},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{pollack2019religious,
  abstract = {After the decline of state socialism in the countries of Eastern and East Central Europe, sociologists and political scientists such as Rodney Stark, Andrew Greeley, and Miklós Tomka predicted a revival of church and religion after decades of their repression under communist rule. More than two decades later, it turns out that the religious situation in Eastern and East Central Europe has become more diverse than expected. Some Orthodox countries, such as Russia, Romania, and Ukraine, have certainly seen a significant increase of religiosity; others, though, such as East Germany, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic, are confronted with religious decline; and others still, such as Poland and Croatia, have seen only comparatively minor changes to the observable level of religiosity. Factors that influence religious changes include the fusion between religious and national identity, levels of economic prosperity, and levels of political corruption.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Pollack, Detlef},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.2150 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0071},
  editor = {Merkel, Wolfgang and Kollmorgen, Raj and Wagener, Hans-Jürgen},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2150 v1.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9780198829911},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {630-636},
  publisher = {OUP Oxford},
  study-id = {ISSP1991 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religious Change},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0071},
  year = 2019
}

@article{beugelsdijk2019value,
  abstract = {We investigate the link between culture and regional economic development within European countries. Considering a variety of cultural values, we provide evidence that it is the degree of diversity in these values at the regional level that strongly correlates with economic performance, rather than the prevalence of specific values. In particular, we show that greater value diversity is negatively associated with regional economic performance within countries, which also relates to lower institutional quality and poorer public goods provision. These patterns are robust even when diversity is measured on the basis of values expressed by emigrants residing outside their region of origin.},
  author = {Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd and Klasing, Mariko J. and Milionis, Petros},
  doi = {10.1111/sjoe.12253},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/sjoe.12253},
  journal = {The Scandinavian Journal of Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {153-181},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Value Diversity and Regional Economic Development},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12253},
  volume = 121,
  year = 2019
}

@article{podmenik2020youth,
  abstract = {This paper’s main aim is to observe and confirm youth unemployment as a structural phenomenon in certain EU countries, including Slovenia. An innovative contribution is that it complements the prevailing economistic discourse with a sociological one. In the introduction, a brief history and overview of youth unemployment is presented. Slovenia is only briefly mentioned as having one of the relatively longest-lasting youth unemployment rates in the EU. In sections 2 and 3, approaches from economics and sociology are relied on while discussing three ‘types’ of EU countries with regard to different structural unemployment rates. From a sociological view, the longterm nature of youth unemployment is described, together with its impact on the social structure and (possible) socially destructive and economically destabilizing consequences. In section 4, analysis of “every-day life” indicators, namely, young people’s perceptions of work and life, reveals some surprising facts that depart from previous findings. In short: young people are more satisfied with their work and lives than older generations.},
  author = {Podmenik, Darka and Gorišek, Maruša},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Research in social change},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {80-105},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Is youth unemployment in EU countries structural?},
  url = {https://www.fuds.si/sites/default/files/priloge-aktualnosti/rsc_volume_12_issue_2_may_2020_1.pdf#page=80},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{jaggle2020religious,
  address = {Göttingen},
  author = {Jäggle, Martin and Jäger, Margret},
  booktitle = {Religious Education at Schools in Europe: Part 6: Southern Europe},
  editor = {Rothgangel, Martin and Rechenmacher, Dorothea and Jäggle, Martin},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {139-160},
  publisher = {Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Religious education at schools in Portugal},
  year = 2020
}

@book{brechon2020indiffrence,
  abstract = {Les sociétés occidentales connaissent aujourd’hui un déclin de la religion et un progrès de la sécularisation. Mais qu’en est-il du phénomène non-religieux ? Quelles sont les formes de la non-croyance ? Comment évoluent-elles dans les différents contextes culturels et socio-économiques ? Historiens et sociologues politiques analysent ici les différentes facettes de ce phénomène, grâce à des focus qui permettent d’illustrer le propos. Au-delà, c’est la question de la cohésion sociale, du mieux-vivre ensemble qui est posée par le prisme de l’indifférence religieuse et de l’athéisme militant. En filigrane, se pose la question de faire société aujourd’hui, au moment où les valeurs du christianisme ne sont plus partagées par tous.},
  address = {Fontaine},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Zwilling, Anne-Laure},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Presses universitaires de Grenoble},
  series = {Libres cours - Politique},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Indifférence religieuse ou athéisme militant? Penser l'irréligion aujourd'hui},
  url = {https://www.pug.fr/produit/1859/9782706147661/indifference-religieuse-ou-atheisme-militant},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{brislinger2019datenaufbereitung,
  address = {Opladen},
  author = {Brislinger, Evelyn and Moschner, Meinhard},
  booktitle = {Forschungsdatenmanagement sozialwissenschaftlicher Umfragedaten. Grundlagen und praktische Lösungen für den Umgang mit quantitativen Forschungsdaten},
  doi = {10.3224/84742233.07},
  editor = {Jensen, Uwe and Netscher, Sebastian and Weller, Katrin},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {97-114},
  publisher = {Verlag Barbara Budrich},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Datenaufbereitung und Dokumentation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3224/84742233.07},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{muller2019nonresponse,
  abstract = {As compared to the problem of unit nonresponse in standardized interviews, the topic of item nonresponse is less well explored. Hence this article attempts to explain item nonresponse by the fuzziness of the related social situation, which is supposed to lead to a failure in the formation of attitudes about the respective interview-item. The author assumes that interview-items have for the respondents a fuzzy truth, which varies on a continuous scale between 0 = “false“ and 1 = “true“. By this conceptualization, some interview-items may have a fuzzy truth in the middle between the mentioned poles, i.e. at the level 0.5 = “indeterminate“. Consequently, the main hypothesis of the present study postulates for this situation an increased level of item nonresponse. The empirical part of the article tests this hypothesis with data of the European Values Study (EVS 2008) about self-reported religiosity. For this purpose it assumes a correspondence between item response- and fuzzy truth-functions. It turns out, that the main hypothesis of the article holds true for the full sample of the EVS.},
  address = {Lausanne},
  author = {Müller, Georg P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {FORS - Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = 20,
  series = {FORS Working Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Item nonresponse and fuzzy logic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.24440/FWP-2019-00001},
  year = 2019
}

@article{lubbers2019aardige,
  abstract = {In this study, we focus on a considered key value of the Netherlands: tolerance towards outgroups. We set out to answer the research questions: (1) what has been the longitudinal trend in social distance towards migrants, Muslims and 'Gypsies'?; and (2) have there been (changes in) longitudinal differences between specific social categories?, in relation to the theoretical assumptions from contact and conflict theory. Based on Dutch data from the European Values Study, we show that social distance towards migrants, Muslims and 'Gypsies' increased in the first decade of the century as compared to the previous decade. In the second decade, social distance towards migrants and Muslims has not changed much; however, social distance towards 'Gypsies' has strongly increased further, even though the size of the group hardly changed. We discuss differential longitudinal trends within specific societal groups. The youngest cohort, socialized most strongly with immigrants and Muslims, turns out to be most likely to keep distance towards these groups in recent times - a finding more in line with conflict theory than with contact theory. We end with explanations for the observation that particularly the 'Gypsies' have become the most excluded outgroup, not just in the Netherlands, but in the whole of Europe.
},
  author = {Lubbers, M. and Scheepers, P.L.H.},
  booktitle = {Mens en Maatschappij},
  chapter = 459,
  doi = {10.5117/MEM2019.4.005.LUBB},
  issn = {0025-9454},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {459-481},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Het zijn aardige mensen, maar liever niet als buren...: Veranderingen in sociale distantie tegenover migranten, moslims en 'zigeuners' in Nederland in de periode 1990-2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2019.4.005.LUBB},
  volume = 94,
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{mayer2019family,
  abstract = {Family relations and related value orientations lie at the heart of broader cultural syndromes. Family Change Theory (FCT) suggests that cultural change is mirrored in changing family models. Two dimensions of interdependencies within families are differentiated: material and emotional. Strong material interdependencies often correspond to patriarchal family relationships with restricted autonomy for those low in the hierarchy. Loose emotional interdependencies are typical for an independent family model focused on personal autonomy. According to FCT, an ideal family model emphasizes both autonomy and relatedness. Our research identified cross-cultural family value patterns representing the FCT ideal-typical family models on a global level. Furthermore, a recent study comparing German-, French- and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland and bordering nations showed that FCT allows distinguishing cultural value patterns across Western European cultures beyond the individualism-collectivism dimension. The need for considering the family dimension in cross-cultural research is discussed.},
  address = {Bern, Schweiz},
  author = {Mayer, Boris},
  booktitle = {16th Conference of the Swiss Psychological Society},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.7892/boris.133788},
  eventdate = {09.09.-11.09.2019},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  organization = {Swiss Psychological Society},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Family Models as a Mirror of Cultural Values},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.133788},
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{fekiacova2019vplyv,
  abstract = {The relationship between reproduction and highest achieved education is currently one of the main factors of reproductive behavior. In postmodern societies, it is generally associated with the negative effect of higher education levels on the number of children born. The level of education affects not only the ultimate fertility of women or the time of entering maternity. It also affects individual preferences, normative orientations, and development of values. Relationship of education and reproduction can be grasped on several levels. Therefore, the presented work points on the attitude differences between individuals in the individual educational categories in Slovakia after 1992 and offers an analytical and theoretical explanation of the development and differences in reproductive behavior.},
  address = {Prag},
  author = {Fekiacova, Eva},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {other},
  pages = 93,
  school = {Karls-Universität Prag},
  study = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Vplyv vzdelania na reprodukčné správanie v kontexte nízkej plodnosti na Slovensku po roku 1992 [The impact of education on reproductive behavior in the context of low fertility in Slovakia after 1992]},
  type = {Diplomarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/109195},
  year = 2019
}

@article{kanitsar2019segmented,
  abstract = {Die Flexibilisierung der Arbeitsmärkte stellt nicht nur moderne Wohlfahrtstaaten vor erhebliche strukturelle Herausforderungen, sondern birgt auch Risiken für den sozialen Zusammenhalt von Gesellschaften. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht anhand eines länderübergreifenden Vergleichs den Einfluss von Arbeitsmarktunsicherheit auf Indikatoren des sozialen Zusammenhalts. Die Analyse verdeutlicht, dass Unsicherheit am Arbeitsmarkt mit niedrigerem Vertrauen und geringerer globalen Solidarität einhergeht, jedoch nicht mit einem negativen Effekt auf lokale Solidarität. Zudem weist die Analyse darauf hin, dass dekommodifizierende Wohlfahrtsstaaten den negativen Auswirkungen von Unsicherheiten am Arbeitsmarkt besser entgegenwirken können. Der Artikel liefert einen ersten Einblick in die verschiedenen Dimensionen und Indikatoren von sozialem Zusammenhalt und erzeugt damit ein tiefergehendes Verständnis der sozialen Auswirkungen von Arbeitsmarktflexibilisierung.},
  author = {Kanitsar, Georg},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {179--202},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Segmented Labor Markets? Segmented Solidarities. The Effect of Labor Market Insecurity on Solidarity Attitudes},
  url = {https://epub.wu.ac.at/7350/},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2019
}

@mastersthesis{dauksaite2020postsoviet,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Dauksaite, Laura},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Central European University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Post-Soviet Civil Society in Transition: Leftist Social Movements in Lithuania},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://www.etd.ceu.edu/2020/dauksaite_laura.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{pugno2019structural,
  abstract = {The controversies on the relationship (called ‘gradient’) between the long-run trends of GDP and subjective well-being oppose those who claim that the gradient is positive, to those who argue that it is nil. The possible existence of structural breaks of the gradient within the same country is a challenge to both views. By focusing on the case of Italy, we show that the long-run trends of GDP and of well-being turned from increasing to decreasing, and that the gradient exhibits a rise through two structural breaks. We adopt macro- and micro-economic approaches to explain why the gradient changes. We find evidence consistent with the ‘loss aversion’ hypothesis. In addition, the gradient changed because the erosion of trust in others, the increase of financial dissatisfaction and worsened health hinder well-being independently from income.},
  address = {Cassino },
  author = {Pugno, Maurizio and Sarracino, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  institution = {Universita' di Cassino, Dipartimento di Economia e Giurisprudenza},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = 51,
  series = {CreaM- Working Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Structural changes in economic growth and well-being. The case of Italy’s parabola},
  url = {http://dipeg-wpe.unicas.it/files/wp_201904.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{garciamontalvo2019transactiontax,
  abstract = {We model the behaviour of a mortgagor considering to evade the real estate transfer tax. We build an observable measure of over-appraisal that is inversely related with tax evasion and conclude that the tax authority could focus auditing efforts on low-appraisal transactions. We include `behavioural' components (shame and stigma) allowing to introduce buyers' and societal characteristics that explain individual and idiosyncratic variations. Our empirical analysis confirms the predictions using a unique database for Spain, where we directly observe: real payment, value declared to the authority, appraisal, buyers' educational level and local levels of corruption and trust.},
  address = {Barcelona},
  author = {García-Montalvo, José and Piolatto, Amedeo and Raya, Josep M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Barcelona Graduate School of Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 1080,
  pages = 45,
  series = {Barcelona GSE Working Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Transaction-tax Evasion in the Housing Market},
  url = {https://www.barcelonagse.eu/sites/default/files/working_paper_pdfs/1080.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{guglielmi2020monolingualism,
  abstract = {Two centuries have passed since the idea of monolingual nationalism entered the history of Europe. Nevertheless, the nexus between monolingualism and nation seems far from being dismissed. This chapter investigates the nexus between language and national identity, by comparing France, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland and examining to what extent different national boundary configurations relate to attitudes towards migrants' integration. The focus is on perceived criteria of national belonging, with particular reference to the language, among other prototypical national `markers' (such as ancestry, religion, and respect for laws). The empirical investigation is based on survey data from the ISSP (International Social Survey Program), which was carried out in 2003 and 2013.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Guglielmi, Simona},
  booktitle = {Multilingualism and Politics: Revisiting Multilingual Citizenship},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.12312},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-40701-8_9},
  editor = {Strani, Katerina},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0 ; ZA3910 v2.1.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-40701-8},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {207-230},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013},
  title = {Monolingualism and National Identity: Lessons from Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40701-8_9},
  year = 2020
}

@article{dieznicolas2019exclusin,
  abstract = {The object of this research is to describe social exclusion in a comparative world perspective. Non-desirable social groups as neighbours are frequently used as a proxy measure to answer three questions: who are the most excluded social groups, who are the excluders, and what are the main explanatory variables of social exclusion. Social exclusion, as a multidimensional phenomenon, is defined in relation to concepts such as stigma, discrimination and prejudice. In this study, social exclusion is measured through three indices. Four main variables have been tested to explain social exclusion: social position, exposure to information, post-materialist values and perception of security. Other explanatory variables were also added to the analysis. EVS and WVS data-bases (from 1981 to 2014) have been used.},
  author = {Díez-Nicolás, Juan and López-Narbona, Ana María},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.5477/cis/reis.166.45},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0210-5233},
  journal = {Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 166,
  pages = {45-64},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Exclusión social de los vecinos en una perspectiva comparada mundial (Social Exclusion of Neighbours in Comparative World Perspective)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.166.45},
  year = 2019
}

@article{galland2019socit,
  abstract = {In the last issue of Futuribles (431, July-August 2019), Pierre Bréchon presented the first lessons for France from the latest European Values Study (EVS) and stressed the substantial gap that exists between the pessimistic – even alarmist – language of those commenting on surveys on social cohesion, and actual long-term trends in French values. Olivier Galland, also drawing on the results of this latest wave of EVS findings, now arrives at the same conclusion with regard to the argument advanced by Jérôme Fourquet in his latest book, which finds a growing division of French society into various identity-based communities. Galland examines the three main arguments advanced by Fourquet in support of his thesis that France is becoming an “archipelago” : the move away from Catholicism, the “secession of the elites” and the cultural defection of the working classes. Citing the statistical evidence, he demonstrates that on these various points, things are not quite so simple and that the long-term trends do not corroborate these arguments. Here again, we must beware of reaching over-hasty conclusions that lead us to set social classes too starkly against each other. We must also take account of the convergences on values that exist across the whole of French society.},
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.432.0049},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  isbn = {9782843874451},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 5,
  pages = {49-54},
  refid = {FUTUR_432_0049},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {La société française est-elle en voie de fragmentation? À propos du livre de Jérôme Fourquet, L’Archipel français},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/futur.432.0049},
  volume = 432,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{andrighetto2019development,
  abstract = {PROTON D5.1 presents two agent-based models (ABMs), one on recruitment in organised crime network and the other on radicalisation and terrorist recruitment. The report presents each model in sequence, addressing the design of the models including their theoretical framework, state of the art, and model overview. It then outlines the calibration, validation, and sensitivity analysis of the models and the policy scenarios and their results. The PROTON-S models were built in an iterative participatory approach, applying findings from PROTON WP1-3, which included systematic reviews of the literature and provided strong empirical foundations for the models. Selected laboratory experiments have been used to help fill the gaps (see D4.1). Additionally, and unlike many previous ABMs on recruitment into organised crime and terrorism, extensive data are used to calibrate and validate the models. The hypotheses and assumptions underlying the PROTONS simulations are presented below and discussed in detail in the main text of the report.},
  address = {Mailand},
  author = {Andrighetto, Giulia and Paolucci, Mario and Paus, Anna and Szekely, Aron and Trussardi, Paola and Calderoni, Francesco and Campedelli, Gian Maria and Comunale, Tommaso and Frualdo, Niccolò and Furfaro, Emanuela and Weisburd, David and Hasisi, Badi and Wolfowicz, Michael},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  institution = {Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 2012,
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Development of Agent Based Simulations of OCTN},
  url = {https://www.projectproton.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/D5.1-PROTON-Simulator-Report.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{coutinho2019religiosidade,
  abstract = {This paper, based on the European Values Study, European Social Survey and International Social Survey Programme, discusses the evolution of Portuguese youth religiosity in the period between 1990 and 2016, comparing it with the population aged 29 or older, based on four topics: community, belief, practice and norm. The topics “community”, “practice”, and “norm” decrease, although “practice” may be stabilized. The topic “belief”, Christian and non-Christian, increases or keeps the same value. The topics “community”, “practice” and “norm” are less representative in young people, while the topic “belief”, Christian or non-Christian, is more or equally representative in young people. The paper contributes in the analysis of the youth religiosity in Portugal in a more comprehensive way than it is currently done.},
  author = {Coutinho, José P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.10860},
  doi = {10.1590/3410114/2019},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA5070 v1.0.0},
  issn = {18069053},
  journal = {Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {portuguese},
  number = 101,
  pages = 22,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP1991-1998-2008},
  title = {Religiosidade da juventude portuguesa : Evolução recente e comparação com o restante da população / Religiosity of Portuguese youth: recent evolution and comparison with population aged 29 or older},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/3410114/2019  },
  used_variables = {EVS2008: Q23a, Q25, Q30/v121, Q30/v122, Q31, Q32, Q38, Q63/v205, Q68/v240, Q68/v241},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2019
}

@book{breen2017values,
  abstract = {Contrary to what is suggested in media and popular discourses, Europe is neither a monolithic entity nor simply a collection of nation states. It is, rather, a union of millions of individuals who differ from one another in a variety of ways while also sharing many characteristics associated with their ethnic, social, political, economic, religious or national characteristics. This book explores differences and similarities that exist in attitudes, beliefs and opinions on a range of issues across Europe. Drawing on the extensive data of the European Social Survey, it presents insightful analyses of social attitudes, organised around the themes of religious identity, political identity, family identity and social identity, together with a section on methodological issues. A collection of rigorously analysed studies on national, comparative and pan-European levels, Values and Identities in Europe offers insight into the heart and soul of Europe at a time of unprecedented change. As such, it will appeal to scholars across the social sciences with interests in social attitudes, social change in Europe, demographics and survey methods.},
  address = {London, New York},
  editor = {Breen, Michael J.},
  isbn = {9781138226661},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro book english},
  pages = 314,
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Values and Identities in Europe. Evidence from the European Social Survey},
  year = 2017
}

@article{havrdova2020faktory,
  abstract = {The article deals with the factors that affect the tax morale of the population of the Visegrad Four countries, i.e. Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The evaluation of the answers of the respondents of the European Values Study to the question of whether they justify tax evasion serves as an indicator of tax morale. The authors work on the one hand with the frequency of answers expressing a complete rejection of fraud and on the other hand with average answers on a scale from 1 to 10. Respondents from Slovakia were found to be justifying tax fraud the most, and Polish and Hungarian residents agreed with tax evasion the least. Furthermore, the dependence of tax morale on gender, religion and satisfaction with the political system was analysed. Using contingency tables, it was found that all the monitored factors have a statistically significant effect on the tendency of people to justify tax evasion. The only exceptions were the factor of religion in the Czech Republic and the influence of satisfaction with the political system in Poland, where the relationship with tax morale was not confirmed.},
  author = {Havrdová, Dominika and Zídková, Hana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.18267/j.cfuc.544},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Český finanční a účetní časopis},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {5-25},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Faktory daňových úniků v zemích Visegradské čtyřky (Factors of tax evasion in Visegrad countries)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.544},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2020
}

@article{opsahl2021characteristics,
  abstract = {Research has shown that in groups of increasing age, religiousness becomes more prevalent. However, centenarians have only to a very limited extent been included in studies. The aim of this study is to characterize religious beliefs and practices in a larger sample of centenarians than have before been included in research on the matter. Using the Danish Civil Registration System, all individuals turning 100 in 2015 in Denmark were invited to participate (N = 498); 364 participated (73%) (82% women). Descriptive statistics on the centenarians’ self-reported belief, frequency of prayer and attendance at service were compared to the Danish general population. Associations between religious measures and age were examined using multivariable logistic regressions, controlling for sex and region. Centenarians more often reported being believers, praying and attending religious service, compared to all other age groups. Age, gender and region were all significant predictors of religiousness. The results of this study add to the body of the literature on religiousness and ageing, but extend it by including older age groups than have before been investigated. These findings warrant further investigations into the role of belief in this group and how it relates to mental health.},
  author = {Opsahl, Tobias and Kørup, Alex Kappel and Andersen-Ranberg, Karen and Christensen, Kaare},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s10943-020-00981-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {2007–2023},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Characteristics of Danish Centenarians’ Religious Beliefs: A Nationwide Population-Based Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-00981-1},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2021
}

@article{cicatiello2020willingness,
  abstract = {This work analyses whether the incidence and production of polluting industries influences the individual willingness to pay (WTP) for the environment. Cross-country studies on the determinants of environmental WTP do not capture the fact that individual perceptions of environmental protection may be due to specific regional conditions. Therefore, this paper adopts a conceptual framework where both pollution and environmental protection are costly, and individuals face a choice between pollution or environmental protection. It is argued that the individual perception of such costs depends on regional settings, making individuals that live in less polluted areas prefer environmental protection. This hypothesis is empirically tested by performing an empirical analysis on the individual WTP for environmental protection in the Italian regions (NUTS-2 level) from the European Values Study. The results show that increases of production in polluting industries exert an effect on WTP for environmental protection and that this effect is mediated by the regional incidence of polluting industries: in “healthy” regions, an increase of production in the polluting sector increases the environmental WTP, while it has an opposite effect in regions where the incidence of the polluting sector is already high.},
  author = {Cicatiello, Lorenzo and Ercolano, Salvatore and Gaeta, Giuseppe Lucio and Pinto, Mauro},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106774},
  issn = {0921-8009},
  journal = {Ecological Economics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Willingness to pay for environmental protection and the importance of pollutant industries in the regional economy. Evidence from Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106774},
  volume = 177,
  year = 2020
}

@mastersthesis{konijn2019influence,
  abstract = {Negative attitudes towards homosexuals are still present. A quarter of the homosexual men and lesbian women experienced negatively treatment(s) in public spaces Besides, the American Nashville statement got support from some Dutch citizens and political parties. Researches discovered a relationship between intolerant behaviour towards homosexuals and their religion. The current thesis focuses on what extent religious background affects attitudes towards homosexuals. To explore this, literature research has been conducted. The background of Christianity and Islam and their views on homosexuality were investigated. As a theoretical base of this study, the Identity theory and the Social Identity theory were applied. The role of identity on religious behaviour is studied and the influence of religion on peoples’ moral attitudes. The quantitative research data, from the European Value Study 2017, was analysed using SPSS, to answer the research question. According to the results, both religion as the importance of religion affects people’s moral attitude towards homosexuals. However, people's attitudes turned out not to be as negative as expected. Depillarization and modernization are processes that possibly can explain these positive attitudes. Extensive research is recommended to provide more knowledge about the role of modernization. Also including attitudes towards transgenders and non-binary people in the research would be useful to create a more inclusive society.},
  address = {Utrecht},
  author = {Konijn, Laila},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Utrecht University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The influence of the religious background on moral attitudes towards homosexuals. The difference between Dutch Catholics, Dutch Protestants, Dutch Muslims and non-religious Dutch},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/392830},
  year = 2019
}

@article{rasmussen2019civil,
  abstract = {Since Tocqueville linked the quality of democracy in America to its vibrant civic culture, studies have explored the relationship between social capital and the quality of governance. Yet, few have examined the mechanisms between individual components of social capital and democracy in depth. This study focuses on the link between one component of social capital, civil society engagement, and the linkage between public opinion and policy. It argues that engagement in associations with an interest in the policy issue may stimulate correspondence between public opinion and policy through their ability to collect and disseminate information to policy makers and the public. The analysis of 20 specific policy issues from 30 European countries confirms these expectations: Issues that experience a high level of associational engagement display a stronger relationship between public opinion and policy. The findings underline the role civil society organizations can play in policy representation beyond engaging in interest advocacy. },
  author = {Rasmussen, Anne and Reher, Stefanie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10938 ; 10.4232/1.11378 ; 10.4232/1.10985 ; 10.4232/1.10987 ; 10.4232/1.11140 ; 10.4232/1.11428 ; 10.4232/1.11625 ; 10.4232/1.12006 ; 10.4232/1.12014 ; 10.4232/1.3603 ; 10.4232/1.4887 ; 10.4232/1.11994 ; 10.4232/1.10930 ; 10.4232/1.10964 ; 10.4232/1.10982 ; 10.4232/1.11479},
  doi = {10.1177/0010414019830724},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3388 v1.1.0 ; ZA3626 v2.0.0 ; ZA4561 v2.1.0 ; ZA4743 v3.0.1 ; ZA4977 v2.0.0 ; ZA5000 v4.0.0 ; ZA5237 v4.2.0 ; ZA5566 v2.0.1 ; ZA5597 v3.0.0 ; ZA3603 v1.0.0 ; ZA4887 v1.0.0 ; ZA5896 v1.0.0 ; ZA3052 v1.1.0 ; ZA4231 v1.1.0 ; ZA4528 v2.0.1 ; ZA5234 v2.0.1},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1648-1676},
  study-id = {ISSP1999 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2006 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EB49 ; EB54.2 ; EB56.1 ; EB62.2 ; EB66.3 ; EB67.3 ; EB69.1 ; EB72.3 ; EB73.1 ; EB74.1 ; EB76.2 ; EB77.1 ; FlashEB114 ; FlashEB253 ; FlashEB388},
  title = {Civil Society Engagement and Policy Representation in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019830724},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2019
}

@article{ovaska2021robustness,
  abstract = {Several studies have shown the importance of trust and economic institutions to entrepreneurship. How trust works through institutions is still unknown. We examine the joint effect trust and institutions have on entrepreneurship and complement the regressions with three sophisticated robustness tests. We find trust and legal system/property rights to be complement and trust and access to sound money substitutes to each other. Trust’s effects on entrepreneurship are quite dependent on the sample data and model specifications. The results should lead to a re-evaluation of the relationship between trust, institutions and entrepreneurship. },
  author = {Ovaska, Tomi and Takashima, Ryo},
  doi = {10.1080/13504851.2020.1834495},
  journal = {Applied Economics Letters},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 18,
  pages = {1578-1581},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The robustness of trust, institutions and entrepreneurship regressions, revisited},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1834495},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2021
}

@phdthesis{sperling2019economic,
  abstract = {What a ects the economic and cultural development tracks of societies? We know that large events such as political changes, natural disasters and migration can change a society dramatically at the macro level, but what exactly happens at the individual level? When conditions change, people are likely to change accordingly both in terms of economic be- havior and cultural values. In this PhD dissertation I explore the underlying developments that occur due to large scale events. The method involves empirical analysis of micro-level cross-sectional data using a rich set of survey data, where the settings progress from state, to country, to the entire world. When looking at individuals within a country, it is possible to tease out the causal e ect of an event a ecting only a share of the individuals who are likely to have otherwise experienced unchanged behavior. My dissertation consists of three sepa- rate articles, each exploring distinct matters but using similar methodological frameworks and econometric techniques. The rst two chapters aim to determine the causal e ect of an event. In the third chapter, we instead describe developments at the global level, adding to knowledge on recent cultural changes. Below, I brie y introduce each paper.},
  address = {Frederiksberg},
  author = {Sperling, Lena Lindbjerg},
  copyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9788793744714},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  number = {14.2019},
  pages = 222,
  school = {Copenhagen Business School (CBS)},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Economic and Cultural Development: Empirical Studies of Micro-level Data},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/209107},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{brechon2018mesure,
  abstract = {Les enquêtes EVS mesurent la satisfaction des répondants concernant plusieurs aspects de leur vie : se sentir heureux, en bonne santé, être satisfait de sa vie… La communication montre que ces indicateurs subjectifs n’en ont pas moins de la solidité et permettent de construire une théorie sur ce qui est le plus explicatif du sentiment de félicité : moins les conditions matérielles d'existence que le sentiment de maîtriser sa vie. Beaucoup d'Européens sont assez heureux de la vie qu'ils mènent mais sont par contre beaucoup plus pessimistes sur la société dans laquelle ils vivent, ayant l'impression de ne rien contrôler des fonctionnements sociaux. La communication analyse d'abord les résultats pour l'Europe de l'Ouest, puis pour l'Europe de l'Est où le pessimisme est plus important. A l'Ouest des différences existent entre pays du Sud et du Nord.},
  address = {Grenoble},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Colloque Scientifique -- Forum international pour le BIEN VIVRE - Richesse(s), Bonheur : Quels indicateurs pour inventer demain ?  Jun 2018, Grenoble},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  hal_id = {halshs-01810825},
  hal_version = {v1},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro french inproceedings},
  language = {french},
  pages = {1-22},
  pdf = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01810825/file/mesure%20bien%20vivre%202018.pdf},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {La mesure du bien-vivre : ce qu'apportent les enquêtes sur les valeurs des Européens (EVS)?},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01810825},
  year = 2018
}

@book{fernandes2019cultura,
  abstract = {Como têm evoluído os níveis de confiança dos portugueses no Parlamento, nos governos, nos partidos políticos, no sistema de Justiça e nos sindicatos? Este estudo propõe respostas para essas questões.},
  address = {Lissabon},
  author = {Fernandes, Tiago and Santana‑Pereira, José and Cancela, João and Rodrigues Sanches, Edalina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978‑989­-8943-77-4},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  number = 9,
  publisher = {Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos},
  series = {Resumos da Fundação},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Cultura política e democracia},
  url = {https://novaresearch.unl.pt/en/publications/cultura-pol%C3%ADtica-e-democracia},
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{fluckiger2019roman,
  abstract = {We show that the creation of the first integrated pan-European transport network during Roman times influences economic integration over two millennia. Drawing on spatially highly disaggregated data on excavated Roman ceramics, we document that interregional trade was strongly influenced by connectivity within the network. Today, these connectivity differentials continue to influence cross-regional firm investment behaviour. Continuity is largely explained by selective infrastructure routing and cultural integration due to bilateral convergence in preferences and values. Both plausibly arise from network-induced history of repeated socio-economic interaction. We show that our results are Roman-connectivity specific and do not reflect pre-existing patterns of exchange.},
  address = {Munich},
  author = {Flückiger, Matthias and Hornung, Erik and Larch, Mario and Ludwig, Markus and Mees, Allard},
  copyright = {http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute (CESifo)},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 7740,
  pages = 73,
  series = {CESifo Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Roman Transport Network Connectivity and Economic Integration},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/201966},
  year = 2019
}

@article{churchill2019income,
  abstract = {Are income levels of a population affected by the degree of ethnic diversity in the population? This study attempts to answer this question, contributing to both the literature on the determinants of income, and the debate on the implications of ethnic diversity. Specifically, we examine the effects of ethnic diversity on household income. We argue that variations in the degree of ethnic diversity across British neighbourhoods can explain a substantial part of the differences in income levels. Using data from the European Values Study, we measure diversity using indices of ethnic fractionalisation for British neighbourhoods, and measure income using household income. We adopt econometric methods that account for endogeneity and find evidence of a negative effect of ethnic diversity on income. We further propose several potential channels that link ethnic fractionalisation to income. Specifically, we explore trust, social capital, discrimination and inequality as important channels through which ethnic diversity influences income. Results are robust to several sensitivity checks},
  author = {Churchill, Sefa Awaworyi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Economic Issues},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {21-34},
  study = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Income and Ethnic Fractionalisation: Evidence from British Microdata.},
  url = {http://www.economicissues.org.uk/Files/2019/EI_March2019_churchill.pdf},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2019
}

@article{balassa2019keleteurpai,
  abstract = {Sociological studies suggest that there is no decline in Central and Eastern European religious activities after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It is true, that religion has individualised in some places in the region, but elsewhere there is an increase in traditional church attendance. These trends justify investigations of the effects of religion as a key factor in identity formation. The study is based on a one-year research on the impact of religious activity on the economies of Central and Eastern Europe. The project contains two main statements about the region: 1. There is a significant negative relationship between religious pluralism and church attendance; 2. Socio-economic indicators at macro level have significant correspondences with religious characteristics: there is an indirect linkage between religious belief and economic development in the region. This study focuses on the regional aspects of the research findings, in particular which forms of capital are accumulated by religious activities and organisations. By reviewing the most current theories of social capital, the study categorises the ways religion affects the accumulation of territorial capital. It describes the religious characteristics of Central and Eastern Europe and classifies thirteen countries (Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) according to religious indicators. The classification shows in which countries religious belief is strong as indicated by active church attendance, which in turn can be used for measuring social capital. The results of the study strengthen those theories which interpret religious activity as an investment in human and social capital. According to the classification, in Poland and Romania religion could play a key role in the accumulation of social capital because of their strong religious belief and activity. Although further investigations are needed to highlight the direct linkage between the indicators of social capital and religion in the region, this study outlines the main theoretical correlations. Religion generates social capital by adding common norms for the communities, building trust, tolerance and solidarity. At the same time, religious organisations stimulate volunteering and open-handedness in solving social problems. In summary religion in Central and Eastern Europe is a key determinant of national and regional identity, as well as a source of capital accumulation which has a direct impact on the economy.},
  author = {Balassa, Bernadett},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.17649/TET.33.2.3107},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Tér és Társadalom},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {108-129},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {A közép- és kelet-európai országok vallásgyakorlatának regionális vonatkozásai},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17649/TET.33.2.3107},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2019
}

@article{beyer2019entanglement,
  abstract = {The article discusses the relationship between religious and political worldviews and argues that both types of phenomena share three features: they offer (a) robust structures of meaning (nomizations), (b) clear moral guidelines (Manichaeism), and (c) a prophecy of the future (eschatologies). Using data from the European Values Study of 2008/2009 (n = 29,995) we found that Catholic and Orthodox respondents reveal higher amounts of conservatism than the average respondent whereas Protestants are slightly more liberal and socialist. Orthodox individuals had the highest affinity for fascist worldviews. Multilevel logit regression models further show that especially fascist and conservative worldviews are based on nomizations, Manichaeism, and eschatological beliefs. The same accounts for all religious worldviews with the lowest effects found for Protestants and the highest for European Muslims. Analyses also show that the three basic elements of worldviews are more relevant for individuals living in countries with greater economic deprivation and inequality.},
  author = {Beyer, Heiko and Schnabel, Annette},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {15563723},
  journal = {Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2019 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-27},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The entanglement of religion and politics in Europe: How and why religious and political worldviews merge in times of uncertainty},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2019
}

@techreport{anheier2020rodrik,
  abstract = {Rodrik’s Trilemma rests on the incompatibility of democracy, national sovereignty and global economic integration: any two can be combined, but never all three simultaneously and in full. Addressing the same problématique, Dahrendorf´s Quandary posits that, over time, maintaining global economic competitiveness requires countries either to adopt measures detrimental to the cohesion of civil society, or to restrict civil liberties and political participation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the empirical foundations of Rodrik’s and Dahrendorf’s propositions. Assessing developed market economies from 1991 to 2014, evidence suggests that in only rare cases the Trilemma can be overcome, and the tensions the Quandary hypothesises build up to a significant extent. In most cases examined, however, the performance of the countries is too varied to support the broad claims Rodrik and Dahrendorf put forth in their respective writings. Specifically, next to the small group of five cases where either the Trilemma or the Quandary apply, there are twice as many countries that generally managed to grow moderately in terms of economic globalisation, liberal democracy, and social cohesion, while avoiding some of the tensions implied in the Quandary or reaching Trilemma conditions. For an even larger group of countries the evidence suggests that growing economic globalisation can co-exist with lower societal stressor levels.},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  institution = {Dahrendorf Forum},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 15,
  series = {Dahrendorf Forum Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Rodrik Trilemma and the Dahrendorf Quandary: An Empirical Assessment},
  url = {https://www.dahrendorf-forum.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/The-Rodrik-Trilemma-and-the-Dahrendorf-Quandary-.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{conen2020waarde,
  abstract = {In dit Working Paper is onderzocht wat op basis van analyses van nationale en internationale data gezegd kan worden over: de waarden die mensen in Nederland hechten aan het werk; in hoeverre deze waarden veranderd zijn in de afgelopen decennia; en hoe mensen van elkaar verschillen in termen van belangrijke kenmerken, zoals gender, leeftijd, opleidingsniveau of contractvorm. Dit Working Paper is een van de achtergrondstudies die zijn uitgevoerd voor het wrr-rapport ‘Het betere werk: de nieuwe maatschappelijke opdracht’, dat op 15 januari 2020 is gepubliceerd. De serie ‘Working Papers’ omvat studies die in het kader van de werkzaamheden van de wrr tot stand zijn gekomen. De verantwoordelijkheid voor de inhoud berust bij de auteur. },
  address = {Den Haag},
  author = {Conen, Wieteke},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13314 ; 10.4232/1.3090 ; 10.4232/1.11648 ; 10.4232/1.12848},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0 ; ZA3090 v1.0.0 ; ZA4350 v2.0.0 ; ZA6770 v2.1.0},
  institution = {Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  number = 38,
  series = {WRR Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP1997 ; ISSP2005 ; ISSP2015},
  title = {Waarde van werk in Nederland},
  url = {https://www.wrr.nl/binaries/wrr/documenten/working-papers/2020/01/15/waarde-van-werk-in-nederland/WP38-Waarde-van-werk-in-Nederland.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{galanmachio2020modernidad,
  abstract = {Uno de los objetivos de esta tesis es el de presentar una panorámica actual de una nueva especialidad de la Sociología, la Agnotología, poco desarrollada en España, y dar a conocer su metodología, sus paradigmas y los estudios que hasta ahora se han emprendido. Se expone una detallada taxonomía de las ignorancias y se propone una metodología para el análisis de los sujetos y los campos de ignorancia (el triángulo de la ignorancia: productor, observador, e ignorante). A lo largo del texto se ponen de manifiesto también las funciones ambivalentes en las estructuras sociales, tanto de la transparencia como de la opacidad; y se reflexiona sobre las posibilidades y oportunidades que se le abren a la ciencia social al someter a análisis los campos de ignorancia y los sujetos de su producción social asociados a la reproducción de los sistemas sociales..},
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Galán Machío, Agustín},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  school = {Universidad Complutense de Madrid},
  study-id = {EVS1991-2008},
  title = {La modernidad ignorante. Sociología de la ignorancia, ignorancia de la sociología},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://eprints.ucm.es/62515/},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{kleiner2019datenlage,
  abstract = {Das vorliegende Working Paper gibt einen Überblick über die Datenlage und das Analysepotenzial im Hinblick auf empirisch-quantitative Analysen zum ehrenamtlichen Engagement in ländlichen Räumen in Deutschland. Das Augenmerk dieser Zusammenstellung liegt auf repräsentativen Datenquellen und der Frage, ob diese jeweils einen komparativen Vergleich urbaner und ländlicher Räume sowie den Vergleich kleinräumiger subnationaler Einheiten ermöglichen. Für jede Datenquelle werden jeweils entsprechende Möglichkeiten und Grenzen potenzieller Analysen vorgestellt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Datenlage für diesen Bereich insgesamt als unzureichend zu bewerten ist. Gezielte oder differenzierte Analysen zum ehrenamtlichen Engagement in ländlichen Räumen sind aufgrund zahlreicher Datenlücken oder des methodischen Vorgehens bei der Datenerhebung häufig nicht möglich und es bestehen Probleme der Vergleichbarkeit. Entsprechend kann die Datenlage zum ehrenamtlichen Engagement mit Bezug auf die ländlichen Räume nicht zufriedenstellen und es besteht erweiterter Datenbedarf. Wünschenswert wäre die Durchführung einer deutschlandweiten Umfragestudie zum ehrenamtlichen Engagement, welche auch die ländlichen Räume repräsentativ abbildet. Da dies aber hohe Kosten verursachen würde, könnten alternativ einzelne ländliche Räume bedarfsorientiert analysiert und so erste Erkenntnisse zu zentralen Themenbereichen generiert werden. Auch sollte geprüft werden, ob bzw. inwieweit der Datenbedarf im Hinblick auf kleinräumige Analysen durch die amtliche Statistik gedeckt werden kann. Schließlich plädiere ich dringend dafür, Strukturen aufzubauen und zu unterstützen, die Datenmigrationen erleichtern, um zum Beispiel Umfragedaten mit existierenden strukturellen Daten einfacher verknüpfen und nutzen zu können.},
  address = {Braunschweig},
  author = {Kleiner, Tuuli-Marja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12792 ; 10.4232/1.13065 ; 10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5877 v2.0.0 ; ZA6939 v1.0.0 ; ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  institution = {Thünen-Institut für Ländliche Räume},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro german techreport},
  language = {german},
  number = 131,
  series = {Thünen Working Paper},
  study-id = {EB80.2 ; EB88.4 ; EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Datenlage zur quantitativen Analyse des ehrenamtlichen Engagements in ländlichen Räumen},
  url = {https://www.thuenen.de/media/publikationen/thuenen-workingpaper/ThuenenWorkingPaper_131.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@book{hart2022religie,
  abstract = {Nederland is geen gelovig land meer. Atheïsten en agnosten vormen inmiddels een meerderheid onder de bevolking. Religieuze groepen zijn nu minderheden in Nederland. Daarmee is voor de meeste mensen de zoektocht naar zingeving en zelfverwezenlijking een individuele zaak. Deze maatschappelijke ontwikkelingen hebben niet alleen gevolgen voor individuen, maar ook voor de verhoudingen tussen verschillende groepen, en onze samenleving als geheel. Dat blijkt uit het onderzoek Buiten kerk en moskee van het Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau (SCP).},
  address = {Den Haag},
  author = {Hart, Joep de and Houwelingen, Pepijn van and Huijnk, Willem},
  doi = {10.48592/1334},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau },
  study = {ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018 ; EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religie in een pluriforme samenleving. Diversiteit en verandering in beeld. Deel 3: Buiten kerk en moskee},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.48592/1334},
  year = 2022
}

@inproceedings{borowski2021determinants,
  abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, concomitant government restrictions and reduced mobility of households resulted in lower availability of certain goods and services, decreased consumer demand and sharp increase in the forced (i.e. involuntary) savings rate of households in many countries. The goal of the paper is to identify the determinants of forced household savings in 2020 in 16 European Union (EU) member states. Our study is related to two strands of literature. First, there is a growing literature on economic effects of the pandemics. Second, our paper is a contribution to the ogoing discussion on the determinants of household savings. Our analysis consists of two steps. First, following the previous studies on precautionary savings, we use a panel model to explain the fluctuations of gross household saving rate and we interpret the residuals from that model as forced savings. Second, we construct a random-effect panel model to explain the evolution of household forced savings as a percentage of disposable income in EU countries. We show that higher severity of COVID-19 pandemic determined either by the intensity of government restrictions or number of COVID-19-related deaths led to higher forced savings. We also show that greater government support during pandemic proxied by deterioration of structural general government balance in relation to GDP by 1 percentage point led to increase in forced savings by 0.82-0.93% of disposable income. Results of the estimation also suggest that the share of population aged 35-39 has a positive impact on forced savings as this group usually consists of well-off individuals having stable employment. Further, behavioral factors matter and development of the savings culture has positive impact on forced savings. Our results show that common pandemic shock may lead to discrepancies in forced savings in affected countries and their volatility depends largely on government response in form of imposed restrictions as well as financial support for households and enterprises. Further, strong fiscal response to pandemic shock usually improves the financial situation of low-income earners thus leading to higher forced savings. Therefore, strong fiscal support during the pandemic can be likened to sowing the seeds for post-pandemic recovery as savings accumulated during pandemic shock may be used to finance the pent-up demand. This, in turn, suggests that fiscal responses during the pandemic may act as a significant driver of post-pandemic business cycle (de)synchronization among EU member states and, more importantly, euro area countries.},
  author = {Borowski, Jakub},
  booktitle = {37th EBES Conference, Berlin, October 6-8, 2021},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7505},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {270-281},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS/WVS2017-2021},
  title = {Determinants of Forced Household Savings during COVID-19 Pandemic},
  url = {https://www.bib.irb.hr/1150575/download/1150575.37th_EBES_Conference_Proceedings_-_Vol_I_-_Copy.pdf},
  year = 2021
}

@article{voicu2021covid19,
  abstract = {Solidarity is core to Europe's societal organisation and was intensively addressed in recent research. Using data collected before and during the lockdown in spring 2020, we examine whether value orientations towards solidarity changed in three countries (Spain, Hungary, and Romania). Before the pandemic, people in Spain expressed higher solidarity than people in Hungary and Romania. Our argument claims that when facing uncertainty, people react negatively, and turn to egocentric values. However, successful state intervention decreases uncertainty and boosts solidarity. Personal experience of a crisis increases caring for others, at least in the short term. Our findings reveal increasing solidarity in Hungary and Romania and stagnant levels in Spain, thus decreasing the distance between these societies. Direct exposure to the virus and the negative experiences associated with it are related to higher solidarity but in different ways across countries. In Spain and Romania, personally knowing someone who is infected corresponds to higher levels of solidarity, while in Hungary being in confinement is associated with increased solidarity. The duration of the lockdown matters. In Romania and in Hungary, high levels of solidarity at the beginning of the lockdown decreased over time but started to increase again after several weeks into the lockdown.},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan and Peral, Edurne Bartolome and Rusu, Horatiu and Rosta, Gergely and Comșa, Mircea and Vasile, Octavian-Marian and Coromina, Lluis and Tufis, Claudiu},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2020.1852439},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {sup1},
  pages = {887-904},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {COVID-19 and orientations towards solidarity: the cases of Spain, Hungary, and Romania},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1852439},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{dellizotti2020giovani,
  abstract = {Nel capitolo la parola è ai giovani che si esprimono mettendo in luce valori, atteggiamenti e visioni del futuro e rivelando i loro comportamenti in due modi: attraverso le risposte a sondaggi realizzati a livello europeo su campioni dell’intera popolazione, per consentire qualche confronto internazionale e generazionale. Ai dati raccolti con domande strutturare a risposta chiusa si affiancano, nella seconda parte del capitolo, quelli ricavati da domande aperte con le quali gli intervistati (in questo caso a livello locale) hanno potuto esprimersi in modo più “partecipato” perché queste domande, come è noto, consentono di rispondere articolando e argomentando il proprio pensiero. I temi trattati nella prima parte sono l’interesse per la politica e la fiducia, interpersonale e nelle istituzioni, perché la volontà di partecipazione non può prescindere da questi prerequisiti. La seguente analisi sulla partecipazione alla vita associativa e ad azioni connotabili come politiche si conclude con domande che riguardano la percepita apertura alla partecipazione del sistema e le proprie capacità personali. nella parte di analisi qualitativa si è chiesto ai giovani di esprimersi sulle proprie visioni del futuro personale e societario, Anche alla luce delle inquietudini introdotte dall’emergenza coronavirus e sono infine commentate le risposte a una domanda diretta sulla partecipazione, entrando nel merito di ciò che i giovani ritengono di poter fare a beneficio della comunità.},
  address = {Turin},
  author = {Delli Zotti, Giovanni and Urpis, Ornella and Blasutig, Gabriele},
  booktitle = {Di fronte al futuro. I giovani e le sfide della partecipazione},
  editor = {Delli Zotti, Giovanni and Blasutig, Gabriele},
  isbn = {9788878924017},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {195-228},
  publisher = {L’Harmattan Italia},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {I giovani: atteggiamenti, comportamenti e visioni del futuro},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2973334},
  year = 2020
}

@article{lardeux2021dmocratie,
  abstract = {Hausse de l’abstention, affaiblissement des allégeances partisanes, défiance à l’égard du personnel politique, attirance supposée pour des régimes non démocratiques, ces différents troubles de la démocratie représentative touchent-ils d’abord la jeunesse ? N’est-ce pas une autre manière d’être citoyen qui émerge, hors des liens avec les institutions politiques classiques ? Sans être nouvelles ni spécifiques à la France, ces conceptions et pratiques politiques tendent effectivement à se généraliser avec le renouvellement générationnel en cours et contribuent à fortement perturber le double rapport d’allégeance à la démocratie représentative et de déférence à l’égard des organisations et acteurs politiques porté par les anciennes générations.},
  author = {Lardeux, Laurent and Tiberj, Vincent},
  journal = {Analysis & synthesis},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 46,
  pages = {1-4},
  study-id = {EVS1999; EVS2008; EVS2017},
  title = {La démocratie à l’épreuve de la jeunesse – Une (ré)génération politique?},
  url = {http://www.epsilon.insee.fr/jspui/bitstream/1/141305/1/INJEP_anasynt_46_2021.pdf},
  year = 2021
}

@article{bentkowska2021response,
  abstract = {This paper explains how informal institutions influence the reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and the response to formal restrictions. I claim that it is not enough to introduce countermeasures, as individuals must follow them if they are to be effective. The acceptance of such measures is reflected in individuals' degrees of mobility decrease and contact reduction, the aims of governmental restrictions. I identify a group of attitudes connected with individuals' responses that differ across countries. They are associated with social relations and approaches to dealing with problems. The analysis confirms that formal restrictions can be seen as successful only if they are supported by strong informal institutions. In some cases, they even define individuals' reactions more than formal recommendations. The findings are useful not only for explaining the special case of reaction to pandemic restrictions but also for investigating what generally determines individuals' compliance with formal rules.},
  author = {Bentkowska, Katarzyna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1017/S174413742100028X},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Institutional Economics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Response to governmental COVID-19 restrictions: the role of informal institutions},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S174413742100028X},
  year = 2021
}

@article{gautier2021seuil,
  abstract = {Dans certaines franges de la population et dans divers univers sociaux, les policiers, et, en premier lieu, ceux qui incarnent de la manière la plus visible l’institution au quotidien (gardiens de la paix et brigadiers), font l’objet de perceptions stéréotypées et homogénéisantes en vertu desquelles leur sont prêtées un ensemble de caractéristiques communes disqualifiantes, érigées en facteurs explicatifs des pratiques policières, en particulier lorsqu’elles sont manifestement déviantes. Ceux qui aspirent à rejoindre la police nationale n’échappent pas à cette vision simplificatrice et réductrice. Soumettant certaines de ces fausses évidences à l’épreuve de l’enquête sociologique, cet article met en lumière la diversité des propriétés sociales, des visions du monde, des conceptions de la police, des mobiles et des modalités de l’engagement, qui caractérise les aspirants-gardiens de la paix.},
  author = {Gautier, Frederic},
  issn = {1164-0871},
  journal = {Regards sociologiques},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = {57-58},
  pages = {69-111},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Au seuil de l'institution policiere, une jeunesse uniforme? Regards sur les candidats au poste de gardien de la paix de la police nationale},
  url = {https://www.regards-sociologiques.fr/n57-58-2021-06},
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{stals2020monitoren,
  abstract = {This study investigates how public trust in the police is measured in the Netherlands and abroad, as well as the validity and representativeness of these measurements. The study will serve to improve measurement practice in the Netherlands. The report seeks to answer three research questions: how is trust in the police measured in the Netherlands? How does this happen in other Western countries? How does survey research on this topic in the Netherlands compare to that in other countries? With its ‘Veiligheidsmonitor´, the Netherlands has a strong instrument to measure trust in the police. It is based on large to very large samples, and on high-quality fieldwork. Compared to other Western countries, measurement practice in the Netherlands is strong. The improvements suggested in this report therefore do not only apply to the Netherlands, but also to the foreign examples. A second measurement instrument, the ´Vertrouwens- en Reputatiemonitor Politie´ has not been analysed in detail due to a lack of transparency on the design, and limited access to the data. Dutch measurement practice covers a number of components of trust in the police very well, in particular through the ´Veiligheidsmonitor´. Trust in the responsiveness, competence and effectiveness of the police, as well as trust in police engagement with the community are well-covered. Distributive and procedural trust are covered, be it through a single item. This has risks for the validity of the measurement. Empirically, the scales and concepts used in the ´Veiligheidsmonitor´ cannot always be fully distinguished. The research observed that items on police in the neighbourhood or contacts between the police and local inhabitants are different from items that cover the police in way that is more general. This division runs through some of the theoretical concepts. This may mean that some of the items in the questionnaire do not measure what they intend to measure. The ´Veiligheidsmonitor´ has a number of gaps. It is remarkable that the questionnaire does not contain a measurement of general trust in the police. The questionnaire does also not include items on trust in other institutions and actors (such as the justice system, political institutions, or mayors) that would allow interpreting or calibrating trust levels. In addition, ´light blue´ is absent from all trust research, despite its growing importance. The focus in Dutch measurement practice is on the repressive tasks of the police, whereby the police is primarily seen as a ‘crimefighter’. Other police roles and tasks receive very little attention. Low trust becomes particularly problematic when it has an effect on citizens´ behaviour, such as their willingness to report, passive or active collaboration with the police, or likelihood to recommend working for the police. Behavioural effects of high or low trust, however, receive very little attention in current measurement instruments, despite the high relevance of such behaviour for policy. Most research in the Netherlands and abroad uses general random samples. These samples are in most cases very large in order to provide a detailed picture of local trends. The samples used in the Netherlands are large to very large. Response rates and representativity are good, but it is unclear whether current instruments reach parts of the population that have very low levels of trust in sufficient numbers. Not all instruments allow for making detailed partial analyses of smaller subgroups, such as vulnerable groups, or groups that receive special attention in policy. It is remarkable that, despite the large amount of data that is collected through the ´Veiligheidsmonitor´, data analysis remains limited. The questionnaire of the ´Veiligheidsmonitor´ still clearly shows the history of the instrument. The Dutch ´Veiligheidsmonitor´ has clear protocols and procedures for making changes to the questionnaire, and the effect of changes is monitored. This guarantees high quality, but it may also stifle innovation. As a result, it is not always clear whether current items in the questionnaire still have the same policy relevance as compared to the period when they were first included in the questionnaire.},
  address = {Leuven},
  author = {Stals, Linde and van de Walle, Steven},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro other techreport},
  language = {other},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Het monitoren van publiek vertrouwen in de politie (Monitoring public trust in the police)},
  url = {https://repository.tudelft.nl/view/wodc/uuid:ba948d08-a4f4-48bf-a35e-e37444259dac},
  year = 2020
}

@article{golob2021sustainable,
  abstract = {This article addresses Slovenia as a case of a post -communist country in terms of its sustainable development. It deploys an in -depth historical analysis and extensive empirical data while exploring Slovenian society through the analytical lens of morpho-static/morphogenetic approach (Archer 2017). The focus is on (1) the country’s structural and cultural settings in each selected period in order to explore whether there has been a mutual reinforcement of the levels of both, contributing to the sustainable development; (2) ways in which agents respond to such changes reinforcing or changing the structural settings. The selection of quantitative structural indicators of sustainable development is based on the indicators of sustainable development that have a direct reference to the Sustainable Development Agenda of the United Nations 2030 and also adopted by the current Strategy of Development of Slovenia. The selection of survey data was based on their connection with the same sustainability issues and their availability for a longer period, particularly close to the time points of the cycles observed. The findings show that in terms of contributing to sustainable development, the presence of morphogenesis in the selected cycles turns out to be rather limited, and there is a severe lack of political reflexivity (cf. Al -Amoudi 2017) among actors.},
  author = {Golob, Tea and Makarovič, Matej},
  doi = {10.2478/pce-2021-0004},
  issn = {1801-3422},
  journal = {Politics in Central Europe},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {83-105},
  study = {EVS1990},
  title = {Sustainable development through morphogenetic analysis: The case of Slovenia},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2021-0004},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2021
}

@article{angueratorrell2020entrepreneurship,
  abstract = {I propose a theoretical model where trust towards strangers is a channel through which institutions determine economic outcomes, in particular, entrepreneurship and corruption. More importantly, I show that the role of trust has been overlooked since high levels of trust do not always enhance desirable economic outcomes. Trust helps individuals to participate in economic exchanges aligned with social welfare, but it also facilitates individuals to cooperate for the achievement of corrupt deals. Under this more general view of trust, the model generates a non-trivial new prediction at the individual level. Specifically, the individual-level relationship between honesty and trust changes depending on the institutional quality of a country. Dishonest individuals are the more trusting individuals in countries with poor institutions, and the less trusting in countries with good institutions. Using individual-level data of 80 countries from the World Value Survey and the European Values Study, I present empirical evidence in support of this prediction.},
  author = {Anguera-Torrell, Oriol},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101937},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0176-2680},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Entrepreneurship, trust and corruption},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101937},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{marody2020przemiany,
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Marody, Miroslawa},
  booktitle = {Społeczeństwo na zakręcie: Zmiany postaw i wartości Polaków w latach 1990–2018},
  editor = {Marody, Mirosława},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {15-34},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Spółka},
  study = {EVS1990-2017},
  title = {Przemiany postaw i wartości},
  year = 2020
}

@article{harka2022studying,
  abstract = {We use Italian data to estimate the effect of schooling on voter turnout in national elections. We contrast results based on individual self-reported voting with those based on accurate administrative data on voter turnout, by municipality. In both analyses, we find a negative effect of education, stronger in the latter, where misreporting is ruled out. We also find that education especially reduces turnout in the poorer areas, in areas with lower social capital, with more cases of political misconduct and inefficient institutions. We rationalize our findings as an expression of dissatisfaction and civic protest.},
  author = {Harka, Elona and Rocco, Lorenzo},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102115},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {0176-2680},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Studying more to vote less. Education and voter turnout in Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102115},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2022
}

@article{fidan2021effect,
  abstract = {The main purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between religiosity and gender traditionalism in a secular and Muslim country, Turkey. Based on previous research and perspectives several hypotheses were developed to test. A joint data, which is collected by European Value Survey and World Value Survey from Turkey in 2018, was used for analysis. A series of models of linear logistic regression was created to test the effect of each predictor variable on traditional gender beliefs. The results indicated that subjective religiosity and given importance to religion were strongly, significantly, and positively associated with gender traditionalism while prayer practice showed a slight and positive effect on gender traditionalism. Implications of the study were discussed and concluded, limitations were identified for future work.},
  author = {Fidan, Ahmet},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.37991/sosdus.947551},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Sosyolojik Düşün},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The effect of religious factors on traditional gender beliefs in Turkey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.37991/sosdus.947551},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kokkonen2022nativist,
  abstract = {Earlier research has shown a strong connection between anti-immigration attitudes and political trust in Western Europe. In this research note, we examine if nativists’ low levels of specific political support translate into a more general scepticism about democracy as a system of government. Using comparative data from the European Social Survey (ESS) and the European Values Study (EVS), we investigate the relationship between nativist attitudes and several indicators of principled, or diffuse, support for democracy. The findings testify to a nativist divide in diffuse political support. We find a systematic and significant difference in support for democracy between strong nativists and other citizens. West European nativists are less likely than other citizens to view their country as democratic. They also tend to perceive living in a democracy as less important than people with a more positive outlook on immigrants. Moreover, and maybe more worrying, nativists express lower levels support for democracy in relation to non-democratic regime alternatives, that is, they are less likely to be “principled” democrats. The found negative associations remain also after controlling for nativists’ levels of specific support, which indicates that there may be a more fundamental opposition between nativism and diffuse support for democracy than previously acknowledged. We believe that these findings have important implications for research trying to understand challenges to liberal democracy in a time when nativist parties have been successful in politicizing immigration and continue to score electoral victories all over Europe.},
  author = {Kokkonen, Andrej and Linde, Jonas},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12551},
  issn = {03044130},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {977-988},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {A nativist divide? Anti-immigration attitudes and diffuse support for democracy in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12551},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2022
}

@article{grunhut2021kozmopolita,
  abstract = {Jelen tanulmány egyrészt feleleveníti a kozmopolita Európa ideáját, vagyis Ulrich Beck és Edgar Grande azon koncepcionális törekvését, amellyel új, társadalomelméletileg megalapozott, modernizációs hátteret adtak az Európai Unió (EU) újragondolásának, másrészt empirikusan is megvizsgálja, hogy vajon az európai társadalmak mennyire állnak készen erre a kozmopolita fordulatra. Az írás első része áttekinti a kozmopolita Európa elképzelését, kettős perspektívában: egyfelől a késő modernitás tendenciáinak és folyamatainak, másfelől az EU fennálló politikai konstellációjának lencséjén keresztül. A tanulmány második része empirikus adatelemzés keretében, komparatív módon vizsgálja, hogy különböző európai társadalmak mennyiben követik azt a késő modern gondolkodásmódot, amely egy kozmopolita fordulat előfeltétele lehet. Eredményeink szerint Kelet-Európában, köztük Magyarországon, javarészt nem tapasztalható ilyen szemléletváltás – az emberek hiába érzik európaiaknak magukat, más ez az azonosulás, mint az EU észak- és nyugat-európai tagállamaiban.},
  author = {Grünhut, Zoltán and Bodor, Ákos},
  doi = {10.15170/TM.2021.22.2.1},
  journal = {Tudásmenedzsment},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {4-19},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Kozmopolita Európa és a másság},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15170/TM.2021.22.2.1},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2021
}

@article{schnabel2020religion,
  abstract = {Der Beitrag untersucht das Verhältnis zwischen administrativer wohlfahrtsstaatlicher und identitär-partikularer Solidarität. Zunächst wird der Solidaritätsbegriff theoretisch in seiner Mehrdimensionalität entfaltet und dann die beiden Modi der administrativen und der identitär-partikularen Solidarität unterschieden. Diese theoriegeleitete Differenzierung wird im empirischen Teil mit den Daten aus der fünften Welle der European Values Study verknüpft. In einer Mehrebenenanalyse wird für die Mitgliedsländer der Europäischen Union untersucht, wie sich Religiosität und nationenbezogene Zugehörigkeit auf Einstellungen zur administrativen Solidarität in unterschiedlichen staatlichen Kontexten auswirken. Die Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass eine mehrdimensionale Untersuchung von Solidarität das komplexe Verhältnis von administrativer und identitär-partikularer Solidarität näher aufschlüsseln kann und Religiosität und nationenbezogene Zugehörigkeit die Dimensionen der administrativen Solidarität je unterschiedlich beeinflussen: Während Religion teils konkurrierende Einflüsse aufweist, scheint Nation eher unterstützend zu wirken.},
  author = {Schnabel, Annette},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1007/s11609-020-00411-9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {18622593},
  journal = {Berliner Journal für Soziologie},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 1,
  pages = {79-111},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Wie viel Religion und Nation braucht der Staat? Administrativ-rechtsförmige Solidaritäten und ihre identitätsbasierten Grundlagen in Europa},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11609-020-00411-9},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2020
}

@article{durand2022combine,
  abstract = {Scholars who want to perform cross-national comparative research rely on data provided by International survey projects, which study the same concepts in varying countries and periods using different question wordings and scales. In this article, we propose a process to combine and analyse the data pertaining to the same concept—institutional trust—when measures and sources differ. We show how we combined 1327 surveys conducted from 1995 to 2017 by 17 survey projects in 142 countries. The database comprises close to 2 M respondents and 21 M answers to trust questions. We use local regression to visualize the trends in trust for different institutions and sources of data in different parts of the world. We complete these analyses with a 4-level longitudinal analysis of repeated measures. These analyses lead to reliably conclude that institutional trust is a property of the institutions themselves and of the context in which they operate since there is much more variance within respondents than between respondents and more variance between countries than over time. This research contributes to the current debates in political trust research. Since the process presented here can be applied to other fields of research, the research also contributes to enhance the possibilities for comparative cross-national analysis.},
  author = {Durand, Claire and Peña Ibarra, Luis Patricio and Rezgui, Nadia and Wutchiett, David},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-020-01088-1},
  issn = {15737845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1755–1797},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {How to combine and analyze all the data from diverse sources: a multilevel analysis of institutional trust in the world},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01088-1},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2022
}

@article{janmaat2022liberal,
  abstract = {This paper explores whether civic attitudes cluster in ways that correspond to distinct citizenship regimes. Drawing on political philosophy and citizenship literature, it identifies a liberal, a republican, a conservative, a social-democratic and a post-communist regime. These regimes are said to prevail in particular European regions and to show a certain level of stability. Using European Values Study / World Values Survey data, the paper explores whether socio-political attitudes ‘fit’ the theoretical regimes in terms of substance, country membership and durability and whether distinct European citizenship regimes can also be identified at the global level. It finds fairly strong evidence for a social-democratic, a liberal and a post-communist regime of civic attitudes at the European level, but could not find much support for a specific republican or conservative regime. The regimes identified at the European level disappear at the global level. At that level, a group of western countries appears, which distinguishes itself from other countries by showing relatively high scores on a range of citizenship indicators. Thus, it depends on the vantage point whether qualitatively different clusters of civic attitudes emerge that correspond to distinct European citizenship regimes.},
  author = {Janmaat, Jan Germen and Green, Andy},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-022-02926-5},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1349–1372},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Liberal, Republican, Conservative and Social-Democratic Mindsets? Exploring the existence of Citizenship Regimes in Civic Attitudes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02926-5},
  volume = 163,
  year = 2022
}

@article{besic2021measuring,
  abstract = {In this paper, we compare the latent construct measurement of political and interpersonal trust in two researches: the European Values Study and the European Social Survey. The main goal was to estimate the validity of measuring the respective concepts. In order to achieve this goal, we conducted a number of Principal Component Analyses and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Additionally, we used multilevel regression modelling to test and compare the effect of socio demographic variables on political and interpersonal trust in both researches. We identified that socio-demographic predictors had a similar effect on both types of trust. The paper is complemented with descriptive data that portray the differences among countries when it comes to interpersonal and political trust.},
  author = {Bešić, Miloš},
  doi = {10.2298/SOC2102419B},
  journal = {Sociologija},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {419-439},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Measuring the Trust in the European Values Study and the European Social Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC2102419B},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2021
}

@book{huggins2021behavioural,
  abstract = {This book establishes a novel behavioural theory of economic development to illustrate that differences in human behaviour across cities and regions, both individually and collectively, are a significant deep-rooted cause of uneven development within and across nations},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Huggins, Robert and Thompson, Piers},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {A Behavioural Theory of Economic Development: The Uneven Evolution of Cities and Regions},
  year = 2021
}

@article{algan2021french,
  author = {Algan, Yann and Cohen, Daniel},
  doi = {10.3917/ncae.066.0001},
  journal = {Notes du conseil d’analyse économique},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-12},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {The French in the time of Covid-19: An economy and society facing the health risk},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/ncae.066.0001},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{brusis2021ostdeutschland,
  abstract = {Die aus der ehemaligen DDR hervorgegangene Region Ostdeutschland weist Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten mit den übrigen Demokratien im postkommunistischen EU-Raum auf. Die verlangsamte ökonomische Konvergenz und die von vielen Ostdeutschen seit der Demokratisierung erfahrenen Herabsetzungen und Stigmatisierungen haben zur Herausbildung einer neuen ostdeutschen Identität und zu den Wahlerfolgen der rechtspopulistischen Partei AfD beigetragen. Die gegebene Ländergliederung bietet jedoch kein institutionelles Äquivalent zu dieser identitären Mobilisierung und begrenzt daher ihr Potenzial.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Brusis, M.},
  booktitle = {Demokratie im postkommunistischen EU-Raum: Erfolge, Defizite, Risiken},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-33131-3_7},
  editor = {Verheugen, G. and Vodička, K. and Brusis, M.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {97-112},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  series = {Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Ostdeutschland: Identitäre Mobilisierung auf den Dauerbaustellen der Konvergenz},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33131-3_7},
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{alsan2020civil,
  abstract = {The respect for and protection of civil liberties are one of the fundamental roles of the state, and many consider civil liberties as sacred and “nontradable.” Using cross-country representative surveys that cover 15 countries and over 370,000 respondents, we study whether and the extent to which citizens are willing to trade off civil liberties during the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the largest crises in recent history. We find four main results. First, many around the world reveal a clear willingness to trade off civil liberties for improved public health conditions. Second, consistent across countries, exposure to health risks is associated with citizens’ greater willingness to trade off civil liberties, though individuals who are more economically disadvantaged are less willing to do so. Third, attitudes concerning such trade-offs are elastic to information. Fourth, we document a gradual decline and then plateau in citizens’ overall willingness to sacrifice rights and freedom as the pandemic progresses, though the underlying correlation between individuals’ worry about health and their attitudes over the trade-offs has been remarkably constant. Our results suggest that citizens do not view civil liberties as sacred values; rather, they are willing to trade off civil liberties more or less readily, at least in the short-run, depending on their own circumstances and information.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Alsan, Marcella and Braghieri, Luca and Eichmeyer, Sarah and Kim, Minjeong Joyce and Stantcheva, Stefanie and Yang, David Y.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.3386/w27972},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 27972,
  series = {Working Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Civil Liberties in Times of Crisis},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27972},
  year = 2020
}

@book{portier2021religion,
  abstract = {Alors que l’on croyait en avoir fini avec le fait religieux sous la poussée d’une modernité occidentale qui semblait en avoir fortement réduit l’impact social, la religion occupe à nouveau une place centrale dans l’actualité française. Au cœur de discussions et de polémiques, elle figure également à l’agenda politique, les autorités publiques cherchant à redéfinir aussi bien les conditions d’exercice de la liberté religieuse et ses limites que le point d’équilibre à trouver pour garantir la neutralité religieuse de l’État dans la société. Dans ce contexte, les diverses religions relisent leurs traditions et les actualisent, suscitant des réactions diverses en leur sein. Cet ouvrage présente les données les plus actuelles sur les reconfigurations contemporaines du religieux en France : net décrochage du catholicisme, progression des « sans religion », pluralisation accentuée, essor de certaines croyances, brouillage des frontières entre religieux et non-religieux. Congédiant l’idée selon laquelle plus de modernité signifierait moins de religion, il montre au contraire que l’ultramodernité contemporaine, pénétrée d’incertitudes, entraîne de profonds bouleversements du religieux qui ont des conséquences politiques, sociales et culturelles dont on ne mesure pas encore suffisamment l’ampleur.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Portier, P. and Willaime, J.P.},
  isbn = {9782200629687},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {La religion dans la France contemporaine: Entre s{\'e}cularisation et recomposition},
  year = 2021
}

@article{ingram2022mapping,
  abstract = {It matters greatly for individuals, organizations and societies whether particular groups are disadvantaged for attaining management positions. Low social class origin is a likely candidate for such disadvantage, as it is associated with disadvantage on other measures of attainment, but there is a dearth of research relating social class to the attainment of management positions, particularly relative to other sources of disadvantage such as gender and race. We show that in the United States, individuals from lower social class origins are substantially less likely to be managers, and the disadvantage is comparable in magnitude to the disadvantage experienced by women and African Americans. A key mechanism behind this social class disadvantage is education, but there are others, mostly relating to deficits of cultural capital associated with lower social class origins. We also examine the magnitude of social class disadvantage for attaining management positions around the world, and find that it is substantive in almost every country, and associated with indicators of national culture, such as individualism and materialism; with economic indicators, such as gross domestic product per capita and the unemployment rate; and with measures of human development, such as child mortality.},
  author = {Ingram, Paul and Oh, Jean Joohyun},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.5465/amd.2020.0030},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Academy of Management Discoveries},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {56-76},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Mapping the Class Ceiling: The Social Class Disadvantage for Attaining Management Positions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2020.0030},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2022
}

@book{inglehart2020religions,
  abstract = {Mass attachment to religion is rapidly declining in most of the world; Why, and What comes next? The world is becoming less religious. Since 2007, there has been a pervasive decline in religious belief and most of the world's people now say that God is less important in their lives than they said He was in the quarter century before 2007. The American public showed the most dramatic shift of all. The United States, which for many years stood as a highly religious outlier among the world's high-income countries, now ranks as the 12th least religious country for which data are available. Many factors contributed to this dramatic worldwide shift, but as Inglehart shows, certain ones stand out. For centuries, virtually all major religions encouraged women to stay home and produce as many children as possible; and they sternly discouraged divorce, abortion, homosexuality, contraception, and any other form of sexual behavior not linked with reproduction. These norms were necessary for societies to survive when facing high infant mortality and low life expectancy: societies that didn't instill them tended to die out. Recent technological advances have greatly increased life expectancy and cut infant mortality to a tiny fraction of its historic levels, making these norms no longer necessary for societal survival. These norms require repressing strong natural urges, but, since they present traditional norms as absolute values, most religions strongly resist change. The resulting tension, together with the fact that rising existential security has made people less dependent on religion, opened the way for an exodus from religion. Utilizing a massive global data base, Inglehart analyzes the conditions under which religiosity collapses, and explores its implications for the future.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald F.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197547045.001.0001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9780197547052},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religion's Sudden Decline. What's Causing it, and What Comes Next?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197547045.001.0001},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{larsen2022migration,
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Larsen, Christian Albrekt},
  booktitle = {Migrants and Welfare States: Balancing Dilemmas in Northern Europe},
  doi = {10.4337/9781803923734.00007},
  editor = {Larsen, Christian},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-22},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Migration and Northern European welfare states},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923734.00007},
  year = 2022
}

@book{schmitt2022mechanismen,
  abstract = {In der vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft ist der Indikator der Polarisierung zur Analyse von Parteiensystemen seit dem zentralen Werk von Giovanni Sartori etabliert. Sowohl eine zu niedrige als auch eine zu hohe Polarisierung charakterisieren einen dysfunktionalen Parteienwettbewerb. Allerdings sind die Ursachen, welche die Entstehung von Polarisierung erklären, nicht ausreichend erforscht. Die Arbeit widmet sich deshalb der Frage: Warum polarisieren sich demokratische Parteiensysteme und, unter welchen Bedingungen ist wiederum eine Entpolarisierung zu erwarten? Im Rahmen einer international-vergleichenden, quantitativen Analyse wird eine Antwort auf diese Frage gesucht. Zusammenfassend zeigt sich, dass insbesondere in den westeuropäischen Verhältniswahlsystemen die Polarisierung immer dann hoch ist, wenn sich der politische Wettbewerbsraum auf eine Dimension reduziert, eine Zentrumskoalition mit einer schwachen Opposition konfrontiert ist, das Parteiensystem gleichzeitig fragmentiert ist, das Elektorat in seinen Präferenzen polarisiert ist und die Wähler sowie Wählerinnen mit der Regierung unzufrieden sind.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Schmitt, Johannes},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.5174 ; 10.4232/1.10931 ; 10.4232/1.10941 ; 10.4232/1.10949 ; 10.4232/1.10955 ; 10.4232/1.10962 ; 10.4232/1.10968 ; 10.4232/1.10974 ; 10.4232/1.10988 ; 10.4232/1.11141 ; 10.4232/1.11479 ; 10.4232/1.11755 ; 10.4232/1.11852 ; 10.4232/1.12050 ; 10.4232/1.12768 ; 10.4232/1.12956},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-37350-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5174 v1.0.0 ; ZA3171 v1.0.1 ; ZA3507 v1.0.1 ; ZA3639 v1.0.1 ; ZA3904 v1.0.1 ; ZA4229 v1.1.0 ; ZA4411 v1.1.0 ; ZA4506 v1.0.1 ; ZA4565 v4.0.1 ; ZA4994 v3.0.0 ; ZA5234 v2.0.1 ; ZA4744 v5.0.0 ; ZA5481 v2.0.1 ; ZA5612 v2.0.0 ; ZA5876 v2.0.0 ; ZA5928 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9783658373498},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EB51.0 ; EB 55.1 ; EB57.1 ; EB59.1 ; EB62.0 ; EB63.4 ; EB65.2 ; EB68.1 ; EB72.4 ; EB73.4 ; EB69.2 ; EB75.3 ; EB77.3 ; EB 80.1 ; EB81.4},
  title = {Mechanismen der Polarisierung von Parteiensystemen: Ideologische Dynamiken im Kontext von Angebot, Nachfrage und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37350-4},
  year = 2022
}

@article{jakobsen2022ethnic,
  abstract = {Recent studies find that increasing ethnic diversity through immigration reduces support for welfare states. Using multilevel analysis of a wide sample of countries (≅100) and a large sampling of individuals (≅310,000), we find little evidence to suggest that the degree of diversity or antipathy towards ethnic others alone matter in explaining attitudes towards equity or public action aimed at reducing inequalities. Attitudes against reducing inequality are revealed mostly when the size of the majority ethnic group’s share is smaller, but only among people with preexisting skeptical attitudes towards ethnic and racial others. Those with no prejudicial attitudes show higher levels of support for equity. These effects are strongest when testing only a sample of Western countries. The results support the notion that sociotropic factors related to cultural biases are what matter, rather than fears attached to demographic change and increased ethnic competition in the economic realm.},
  author = {Jakobsen, Tor Georg and Soysa, Indra de},
  doi = {10.1163/15718115-bja10070},
  journal = {International Journal on Minority and Group Rights},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-23},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Ethnic Diversity, Racial Prejudice, and Attitudes towards Equity in the West and Beyond: A Multilevel Analysis, 1989–2014},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/15718115-bja10070},
  year = 2022
}

@article{vanlancker2023understanding,
  abstract = {In this contribution, we examine whether and why there is a gap in the use of formal childcare services between immigrant and native families across 21 European countries. We focus on three sets of potential determinants: (1) social class, education and labour market position; (2) immigrant-specific factors such as norms in the region of origin, citizenship acquisition and length of stay in the country of residence; and (3) contextual factors such structural constraints impeding access to childcare and traditional norms on motherhood in the region of origin. Drawing on data from the 2010 ad hoc module of the EU Labour Force Survey, we find evidence for an immigrant-native gap in formal childcare use. Adjusted for social class position, education and maternal employment, immigrant families are less likely to use childcare compared to native families across European countries. However, there are important cross-country differences in the size of this gap. The study also provides evidence for immigrant-specific explanations: acquiring citizenship and staying longer in the country of residence increases the probability to use childcare, while the strength of traditional norms in the region of origin reduces the probability to use childcare. Finally, we find that structural barriers to childcare use negatively affect childcare use for both native and immigrant families. Removing barriers to childcare use in terms of availability and affordability will benefit everyone.},
  author = {Van Lancker, Wim and Pavolini, Emmanuele},
  doi = {10.1177/00016993221102506},
  issn = {00016993},
  journal = {Acta Sociologica},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {74–95},
  study = {EU-LFS 2010 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Understanding the immigrant-native gap in childcare use: An empirical exploration for 21 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00016993221102506},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{halla2018displacement,
  abstract = {We study interdependencies in spousal labor supply and the effectiveness of intrahousehold insurance in a sample of married couples, where the husband loses his job due to a mass layoff or plant closure using data from the Austrian Social Security Database. We show that in our sample of relatively young couples the shock hits households at crucial stages of family formation, which requires careful modeling of the wives’ counterfactual lifecycle labor market patterns. In our empirical analysis, we propose three independent control groups of unaffected households to identify the causal effects of husbands’ displacement on wives’ labor supply. Our empirical results show that husbands suffer large and persistent employment and earnings losses over the first 5 years after displacement. But wives’ labor supply increases only moderately and they respond predominantly at the extensive margin. The implied participation elasticity with respect to the husband’s earnings shock is very small, about -0:04. While the wives’ earnings gains recover only a tiny fraction of the household income loss, public transfers and taxes are a more important insurance at least in the short run. In terms of non-labor market related outcomes, we find a small positive effect on the probability of divorce, but no effect of the husband’s job displacement on fertility. The presence and ages of children in the household are crucial determinants of the wife’s labor supply response. The most responsive group are mothers, who are planning to return to the labor market after a maternity break, while mothers of very young children or wives without children remain unresponsive. We thus conclude that Austria’s strong gender identity norms are an explanation for the limited scope of intra-household insurance.},
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {Halla, Martin and Schmieder, Julia and Weber, Andrea},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811},
  institution = {Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 11752,
  pages = 79,
  series = {IZA Discussion Papers},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Job Displacement, Family Dynamics, and Spousal Labor Supply},
  url = {http://ftp.iza.org/dp11752.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@book{bartholoma2019freikirche,
  abstract = {Diese Studie untersucht die gegenwärtigen ekklesiologischen und missionarischen Herausforderungen von Freikirchen in einer postchristlichen Umgebung. Anhand umfangreicher quantitativer und qualitativer Daten werden verschiedene Aspekte des traditionell »erwecklichen« freikirchlichen Gemeindeaufbaus unter missionarischen Gesichtspunkten eingehend unter die Lupe genommen. Schließlich werden zukunftsfähige Perspektiven für ein nachhaltiges, hoffnungsvolles und gleichzeitig realistisches missionarisches Handeln von Freikirchen in einem nachchristlichen Kontext aufgezeigt.},
  address = {Leipzig},
  author = {Bartholomä, Philipp F.},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Evangelische Verlagsanstalt},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Freikirche mit Mission. Perspektiven für den freikirchlichen Gemeindeaufbau im nachchristlichen Kontext},
  year = 2019
}

@article{spierings2022green,
  abstract = {A current focal point of right-wing populist (RWP) parties across Western societies has been anti-environmentalism and anti-feminism, entangled with their dominant anti-migrant agenda. This clustering of positions overlaps with the conceptual GAL-TAN (Green, Alternative, Liberalist – Traditional, Authoritarian, Nationalist) distinction in voter studies. Still, numerous voters might transcend this distinction, for instance adhering to femonationalism. By taking a feminist ground-up approach, we reveal how nativist, anti-feminist, and anti-environmentalist attitudes do (or do not) cluster across Western Europe. Our results show that approximately 30% of voters deviate from the GAL-TAN logic, with considerable clusters of citizens combining strong nativism with support for gender equality or moderate nativism with anti-feminism. Further, we estimate the support for RWP parties and show that nativism is core to supporting RWP elites, and anti-environmentalism can provide an additional vote bonus. However, our analysis reveals that the (anti-)feminist and nativist elements of people’s political ideology entail more complex entanglements: both anti-feminist nativist voters and femonationalist voters gravitate to RWP parties. These results imply that feminist quantitative studies are needed to lay bare the average-defying minority groups that can be mobilised to support RWP parties.},
  author = {Spierings, Niels and Glas, Saskia},
  doi = {10.1080/08164649.2022.2051166},
  issn = {08164649},
  journal = {Australian Feminist Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 110,
  pages = {448-468},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Green or Gender-Modern Nativists: Do They Exist and Do They Vote for Right-Wing Populist Parties?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2022.2051166},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{klingemann2022return,
  abstract = {This chapter summarises and assesses the contribution of the empirical findings presented in Part II of this book. It offers a review of the overall conditions generating problems for democracy today and describes the methodological approaches taken to evaluate these problems on the global scale and in the regionally bounded cases studies. This chapter then refers to the liberal democracy index and the index of support for democracy as the major indicators of resilience or retreat and offers an outline of case studies findings. The contribution concludes with a comparative assessment of democracies versus autocracies.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Klingemann, Hans-Dieter and Berg-Schlosser, Dirk and Hoffmann-Lange, Ursula and van Beek, Ursula},
  booktitle = {Democracy under Pressure: Resilience or Retreat?},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-09123-0_15},
  editor = {Beek, Ursula van},
  isbn = {9783031091230},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {447-471},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  refid = {Klingemann2022},
  title = {The Return of History},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09123-0_15},
  year = 2022
}

@article{nezlek2022relationships,
  abstract = {Analyses of the 2020 combined European and World Values Surveys (124,958 respondents from 77 countries) found that people who believed in God tended to be happier, more satisfied with lives, and healthier than non-believers. Believers trusted people close to them (e.g., neighbors) more than non-believers, although non-believers tended to trust people in general and trust people from other countries more than believers. Non-believers tended to be more ideologically prosocial than non-believers (e.g., belonging to an environmental organization, advocating freedom of speech vs. control). Such differences were stronger in countries in which there were more vs fewer believers. Moreover, these differences remained after controlling for individual differences in sex, age, education, income, and left–right political orientation.},
  author = {Nezlek, John B.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095 ; 10.14281/18241.2},
  doi = {10.1007/s10943-021-01411-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {15736571},
  journal = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {2569–2588},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Relationships Among Belief in God, Well-Being, and Social Capital in the 2020 European and World Values Surveys: Distinguishing Interpersonal and Ideological Prosociality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01411-6},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2022
}

@techreport{boelmann2020change,
  abstract = {Does the culture in which a woman grows up influence her labor market decisions once she has had a child? To what extent might the culture of her present social environment shape maternal labor supply? To address these questions, we exploit the setting of German reunification. A state socialist country, East Germany strongly encouraged mothers to participate in the labor market full-time, whereas West Germany propagated a more traditional male breadwinner-model. After reunification, these two cultures were suddenly thrown together, with consequent increased social interactions between East and West Germans through migration and commuting. A comparison of East and West German mothers on both sides of the former Inner German border within the same commuting zone shows that culture matters. Indeed, East German mothers return to work more quickly and for longer hours than West German mothers even two decades after reunification. Second, in exploiting migration across this old border, we document a strong asymmetry in the persistence of the culture in which women were raised. Whereas East German female migrants return to work earlier and work longer hours than their West German colleagues even after long exposure to the more traditional West German culture, West German migrants adjust their post-birth labor supply behavior nearly entirely to that of their East German colleagues. Finally, taking advantage of differential inflows of East German migrants across West German firms in the aftermath of reunification, we show that even a partial exposure to East German colleagues induces “native” West German mothers to accelerate their return to work after childbirth, suggesting that migration might be a catalyst for cultural change},
  address = {London},
  author = {Boelmann, Barbara and Raute, Anna and Schönberg, Uta},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  institution = {Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 20,
  series = {Discussion Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Wind of Change? Cultural Determinants of Maternal Labor Supply},
  url = {https://www.cream-migration.org/publ_uploads/CDP_20_20.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{antonietti2021social,
  abstract = {This article investigates the role of social capital for the entry and exit of industries in Italian provinces between 2004 and 2010. Results show that bridging social capital positively contributes to the net entry of new industries, especially when they are unrelated to existing specializations in a region, but it loses its impact on regional diversification during the economic crisis. Bonding social capital, instead, makes regions resilient in times of crisis, by reducing the probability of exit of industries. However, bonding social capital is also bad for regional resilience, as it keeps on having a negative impact on the entry of new industries in regions during an economic downturn.},
  author = {Antonietti, Roberto and Boschma, Ron},
  doi = {10.1093/icc/dtaa052},
  issn = {0960-6491},
  journal = {Industrial and Corporate Change},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {762-777},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Social capital, resilience, and regional diversification in Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtaa052},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2021
}

@book{zajak2020social,
  abstract = {This volume addresses the contested relationship between social stratification and social movements in three different ways: First, the authors address the relationship between social stratification and the emergence of protest mobilization. Second, the texts look at social stratification and social positions to explain variations in political orientations, as well as differing aims and interests of protestors. Finally, the volume focuses on the socio-structural composition of protestors. Social Stratification and Social Movements takes up recent attempts to reconnect research on these two fields. Instead of calling for a return of a class perspective or abandoning the classical social movement research agenda, it introduces a multi-dimensional perspective on stratification and social movements and broadens the view by extending the empirical analysis beyond Europe.},
  address = {Abingdon},
  author = {Zajak, Sabrina and Haunss, Sebastian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {The Mobilization Series on Social Movements, Protest, and Culture.},
  study = {Eurobarometer},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Social Stratification and Social Movements : Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives on an Ambivalent Relationship},
  year = 2020
}

@article{coutinho2019religiosidade,
  abstract = {This article has three aims: to characterize religiosity in Portugal, to compare it with European countries of Catholic origin, and to analyze its evolution. The analysis is based on ESS, EVS and ISSP databases. Community dimension’s indicators are the highest and above average; belief dimension’s indicators are high or medium; practice dimension’s indicators are low or medium; religious norms dimension’s indicators are medium and close to the average. Overall, these indicators seem to be decreasing. Non-Christian beliefs are low and appear to be growing slightly. The practitioner type seems to be lowering, but not in favor of the pilgrim type, at least significantly.},
  author = {Coutinho, José Pereira},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10860},
  doi = {10.1590/0100-85872019v39n3cap03},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5070 v1.0.0},
  issn = {0100-8587},
  journal = {Religião & Sociedade},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {58-81},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  study-id = {ISSP1991/1998/2008},
  title = {Religiosidade em Portugal: caracterização, comparação e evolução [Religiosity in Portugal: characterization, comparison, and evolution]},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-85872019v39n3cap03},
  variable = {Q23a ; Q25 ; Q30/v119 ; Q30/v122 ; Q31 ; Q32 ; Q38 ; Q63/v205 ; Q68/v240 ; Q68/v241},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2019
}

@book{catalanoweeks2022making,
  abstract = {Do gender quota laws – policies that mandate women's inclusion on parties' candidate slates – affect policy outcomes? Making Gender Salient tackles this crucial question by offering a new theory to understand when and how gender quota laws impact policy. Drawing on cross-national data from high-income democracies and a mixed-methods research design, the book argues that quotas lead to policy change for issues characterized by a gender gap in preferences, especially if these issues deviate from the usual left/right party policy divide. The book focuses on one such issue, work-family policies, and finds that quotas shift work-family policies in the direction of gender equality. Substantive chapters show that quotas make gender more salient by giving women louder voices within parties, providing access to powerful ministerial roles, and encouraging male party leaders to compete on previously marginalized issues. The book concludes that quotas are one important way of facilitating congruence between women's policy preferences and actual policy outcomes.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Catalano Weeks, Ana},
  doi = {10.1017/9781009158435},
  isbn = {9781009167833},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  series = {Cambridge Studies in Gender and Politics},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP1985 ; ISSP1988 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Making Gender Salient: From Gender Quota Laws to Policy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009158435},
  year = 2022
}

@article{chvaja2022positive,
  abstract = {We examined the relationship between religious rituals and how people perceive moral norms. Prominent anthropological theories propose that rituals charge associated moral norms with objectivity such that moral norms are perceived as absolute and independent of time and space. We used two cross-sectional datasets to test this hypothesis and conducted five correlational studies with three culturally distinct populations. The results, supported by meta-analysis of our effect sizes, show a positive association between attending collective religious rituals and perceiving moral norms as objective. Moreover, increased saliency of the characteristic aspects of ritual form, namely the perceived invariance, and digitalizing and materializing potentials, was associated with increased reporting of moral norms as objective. Overall, this manuscript provides initial support for theories suggesting that ritual behavior helps ground moral norms by affecting perceptual mechanisms related to norm processing.},
  author = {Chvaja, Radim and Horský, Jan and Lang, Martin and Kundt, Radek},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1080/10508619.2022.2121454},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {10508619},
  journal = {The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {115-135},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Positive Association Between Ritual Performance and Perceived Objectivity of Moral Norms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2022.2121454},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2023
}

@article{sucu2021dohodovne,
  abstract = {U radu se analizira veza između dohodovnih nejednakosti i redistributivnih preferencija. Glavni su ciljevi rada: utvrditi u kojoj su mjeri stvarne dohodovne nejednakosti povezane s redistributivnim preferencijama, koji su korelati redistributivnih preferencija na makrorazini te koje mehanizme redistribucije preferiraju građani u zemljama EU-a. Kao izvori podataka o redistributivnim preferencijama korišteni su agregirani podaci iz dvaju specijalnih istraživanja Eurobarometra (2010. i 2018.), dok su makrostatistički pokazatelji uzeti iz Eurostatove baze podataka. U radu su korištene bivarijatne korelacijske analize, linearna regresija i klaster analiza. Opći je nalaz da su visoke redistributivne preferencije prisutne u gotovo svim zemljama EU-a. Izgleda da rast dohodovnih nejednakosti nije ključni čimbenik visoke razine redistributivnih preferencija, već je to percepcija dohodovnih nejednakosti i osjetljivost građana na ekonomske nejednakosti. Građani u zemljama EU-a često pogrešno percipiraju razinu nejednakosti u društvu i svoje mjesto na dohodovnoj ljestvici. Ispitanici iz postsocijalističkih zemalja imaju veću »averziju« prema dohodovnim nejednakostima i žele veću ulogu države u redistribuciji i društvenom životu. Stanovnici EU-a podržavaju sve ključne mehanizme dohodovne redistribucije (porezi, obrazovanje, socijalna zaštita i minimalna plaća), ali najveću potporu daju poreznom sustavu i progresivnom oporezivanju bogatijih, dok je najviše dilema vezano za potpuno besplatno obrazovanje.},
  author = {Šuću, Zoran},
  doi = {10.3935/rsp.v28i2.1700},
  journal = {Revija za socijalnu politiku},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {133-162},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2009},
  title = {Dohodovne nejednakosti i redistributivne preferencije u Hrvatskoj i zemljama EU-a: makroanaliza (Income Inequalities and Redistributive Preferences in Croatia and EU Countries: Macro Analysis)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3935/rsp.v28i2.1700},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2021
}

@article{wegscheider2020drives,
  abstract = {Alongside citizens’ belief in the legitimacy of democracy, public support for the political regime is crucial to the survival of (democratic) political systems. Yet, we know fairly little about the relationship between citizens’ democratic knowledge and their evaluation of democratic performance from a global comparative perspective. In this article, we argue that the cognitive ability of citizens to distinguish between democratic and authoritarian characteristics constitutes the individual yardstick for assessing democracy in practice. Furthermore, we expect that the effect of citizens’ democratic knowledge on their evaluation of democratic performance is moderated by the institutional level of democracy. We test these assumptions by combining data from the sixth and seventh wave of the World Values Survey and the third pre-release of the European Values Study 2017, resulting in 114 representative samples from 80 countries with 128,127 respondents. Applying multilevel regression modeling, we find that the higher a country’s level of democracy, the more positive the effect of democratic knowledge on citizens’ assessment of democratic performance. In contrast, we find that the lower the level of democracy in a country, the more negative the effect of citizens’ democratic knowledge on their evaluation of democracy. Thus, this study shows that citizens who are more knowledgeable about democracy are most cognitively able to assess the level of democracy in line with country-level measures of democracy. These results open up new theoretical and empirical perspectives for related research on support for and satisfaction with democracy as well as research on democratization.},
  author = {Wegscheider, Carsten and Stark, Toralf},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1007/s12286-020-00467-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {18652654},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {345–374},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {What drives citizens’ evaluation of democratic performance? The interaction of citizens’ democratic knowledge and institutional level of democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-020-00467-0},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{reeskens2021democratic,
  abstract = {The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has granted national governments far-reaching political powers to implement drastic non-pharmaceutical interventions to curtail the spread of the virus. For these measures to be effective, governments should be granted widespread political legitimacy. This is established when populations' expectations from governments are in line with public support for these governments. In this chapter, we investigate changes in political legitimacy during the coronavirus crisis in the Netherlands. Amidst of the pandemic, we collected unique, representative data among LISS-panel respondents that supplemented the European Values Study 2017. We demonstrate that the Dutch public (temporarily) lowered their democratic aspirations thereby longing for strong leadership while simultaneously increasing their trust in the incumbent Government, which, combined, resulted in more political legitimacy. Because of an outspoken period effect, expectations are, however, that this legitimacy will not be long-lived in the new common.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Reeskens, Tim and Muis, Quita},
  booktitle = {The New Common. How the COVID-19 Pandemic is Transforming Society},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-94-6167-432-6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {189-194},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A new democratic norm(al)? Political legitimacy amidst the COVID-19 pandemic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65355-2_27},
  year = 2021
}

@article{bartasevicius2022popular,
  abstract = {The paper draws on 2008 and 2017 European Values Study (EVS) data to analyse the differences in popular understandings of national identity between Western and Eastern European countries as well as the changes in popular views over the 2010s. Using latent class analysis (LCA), five categories of respondents are identified according to people's understandings of national identity—anti-ascriptive nationalists, liberal nationalists, voluntarist-leaning multiple nationalists, moderate nationalists and ardent nationalists. While on average half of the Western countries' respondents of the 2017 EVS wave thought that ascriptive criteria of national membership (ancestry, place of birth) were not important while voluntarist (respect for the institutions/laws, speaking the national language) were, the corresponding proportion in an average Eastern country was just over 20%. It is argued that persistent and historically ingrained differences in popular conceptions of nationhood between West and East are contributing to policy tensions within the EU, most notably in the management of migration and refugee flows. Furthermore, the article found no evidence that the gap between Western and Eastern Europe in popular nationhood views was decreasing over the 2010s.},
  author = {Bartasevičius, Vainius},
  doi = {10.1111/nana.12917},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  journal = {Nations and Nationalism},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {939-957},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Popular understandings of national identity in Europe: Still a gulf between West and East?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12917},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{vasile2021etica,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Vasile, Marian},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {145-152},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Etica muncii în România},
  year = 2021
}

@article{katrnak2022educational,
  abstract = {The aim of the text is to analyse the relationship between educational expansion and suicide rates. To examine this relationship, we analyse data from 24 European countries from 1994 to 2014. First, we analyse data from an age-period-cohort (APC) perspective using the intrinsic estimator (IE) approach to identify all three effects separately. The results show that the changes in suicide rates are driven by the birth cohort effect rather than the period effect, with each successive cohort born after 1960 having a lower suicide rate than its predecessor. This finding implies a cohort replacement explanation in suicide trends. Second, we approach our data from a multilevel (hierarchical) perspective using a three-level negative binomial regression model (suicides, nested in years, nested in countries) and analyse the direct effect of educational expansion on suicides by age groups. The results show that the decline in suicide rates in European countries does not occur because of a change in suicidal behaviour, but because of a change in the educational composition of populations. Educational expansion increases the proportion of young people with higher education who have a lower propensity to commit suicide; this mechanism decreases the suicide rates in European countries between 1994 and 2014.},
  author = {Katrňák, Tomáš and Hubatková, Barbora},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-021-01160-4},
  issn = {15737845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {923–947},
  refid = {Katrňák2021},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Does educational expansion decrease suicide rates in European countries? The compositional effect in educational stratification of suicides},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01160-4},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2022
}

@article{dewit2021measuring,
  abstract = {This paper proposes a novel measure of civic norm compliance. We combine the literature on norm compliance from institutional economics and social philosophy. Institutional economics draws on survey data to measure civic norms, whereas social philosophy offers a theoretical framework that proves fruitful when used to operationalize civic norms. This paper shows that significantly different results emerge when the operationalization of civic norms in institutional economics draws on the theoretical framework that social philosophy offers. Furthermore, this study is relevant for social philosophy too, as it shows the potential of survey data as a test-bed for philosophical theories of norm compliance.},
  author = {de Wit, Juliette R. and Lisciandra, Chiara},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1017/S0266267120000152},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Economics & Philosophy},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {188-221},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Measuring norms using social survey data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267120000152},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2021
}

@article{pugno2021structural,
  abstract = {The controversies on the relationship (called ‘gradient’) between the time trend of GDP and of subjective well-being oppose those who claim that the gradient is positive, to those who argue that it is nil. The possible existence of significant changes of the two trends and of the gradient within the same country is a challenge to both views. By focusing on the case of Italy, we show that the long-run trends of GDP and of well-being turned from increasing to decreasing, and that the gradient exhibits a rise through two structural breaks. This evidence is consistent with the ‘loss aversion’ hypothesis. From this macro-analysis we further go into micro-analysis to explain why subjective well-being declined so steeply. We find that the erosion of trust in others, the increase of financial dissatisfaction, worsened health, and greater importance of income contribute to the decline of subjective well-being. As far as we know, this is the first attempt to test the role of loss aversion in the long run using both macro- and micro-economic approaches.},
  author = {Pugno, Maurizio and Sarracino, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-021-02714-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {801-838},
  refid = {Pugno2021},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Structural Changes in Economic Growth and Well-Being: The Case of Italy’s Parabola},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02714-7},
  volume = 158,
  year = 2021
}

@book{kaser2021femininities,
  abstract = {This book provides a fresh overview on the debate about the remarkable regression of gender equality in the Balkans and South Caucasus caused by the fall of socialism and by the revitalization of religion in Turkey. Contrary to the prevailing opinion of researchers who state continuous male domination, the book presents strong arguments for an alternative outlook. By contrasting the realia of gender relations with the utopia of new femininities and new masculinities driven by digital visual communication, the book provokingly concludes with the arrival of two utopias: the Marlboro Man – still authoritative but lonely – conquering and refusing family obligations; and with the emergence of a new femininity type – strong and beautiful. As such this book provides a great resource to anthropologists, demographers, sociologists, gender and media researchers and all those interested in feminist issues.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Kaser, Karl},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-78412-6},
  isbn = {978-3-030-78412-6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Femininities and Masculinities in the Digital Age: Realia and Utopia in the Balkans and South Caucasus},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78412-6},
  year = 2021
}

@article{bellani2020institutional,
  abstract = {The aim of this article is to overcome the incomplete explanation of previous research findings on the societal determinants of the educational fertility differentials in Europe. Our analysis draws on two overlooked factors, the role of labour market setting and the diffusion of new values. Combining ESS, EVS and WVS data for 2004–2009 with contextual indicators on labour market setting and cultural orientations, our multilevel analysis shows that labour market conditions in terms of share of part time jobs, dimension of public sector employment and strictness of EPL do not systematically modify the gradient of fertility by parities. But instead, we observe a clear moderator effect of attitudinal orientations. Results show that in societies where postmodernism is widespread, both high and low educated women are less likely to have children. A high diffusion of gender egalitarianism is associated with a reduction of the gradient through an increase of the likelihood of having a child especially for higher educated women. This article concludes by highlighting some responses to societal polarization of fertility related to both structural and cultural factors and indicates avenues for future research on the social stratification of fertility.},
  author = {Bellani, Daniela},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100482},
  issn = {0276-5624},
  journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The institutional and cultural framing of the educational stratification in fertility. A review of the role of labor market institutions and attitudinal orientations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100482},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{brookes2021value,
  abstract = {This chapter first reviews previous studies accounting for the degree of liberalisation in public policies. None of the determinants pointed in the literature seem to be able to unravel the mystery of the French case. Rather, several explanatory factors would predict France to be among the most liberal countries in terms of public policy. France is open to globalisation, it belongs to the European Union, it experienced a series of economic crises during the 1970s, the level of political constraints imposed by its veto players is low (the executive has room to manoeuvre with respect to reforms), it has mainly been governed by right-wing parties, and its political system is majoritarian and semi-presidential. Yet, despite the presence of all these favourable factors, France has a more generous Welfare state, a government that spends more, and a more regulated economy than its European neighbours. To explain this research problem, we develop, in this chapter, a model based on the theory of justification costs that makes public opinion a determining variable in the spread of ideology in public policy. Based on a sample of developed countries, our empirical tests confirmed both direct and indirect effects of public opinion. There is a policy responsiveness of government in power to public opinion (direct effect) and political parties to public opinion and the content of their platform predicts the level of liberalisation (indirect effect). The empirical test of the mechanism is valid only for economic policies. We then show, focusing on the French case, that if opinion influences the direction of public policy, it is an indirect relationship that operates through the mediation of party platform. The low level of support for neoliberalism among the parties, as well as its sharp decline at the end of the 1980s, thus explains the absence of significant neoliberal turn in public policies in France over the period studied. No neoliberal revolution took place there, because no legitimating discourse of sufficient magnitude arose in the political arena, because it was too costly to support it politically. At the bottom line, public opinion was resistant to neoliberal discourse across the period, and the cost of opposing interventionism was even higher than in other countries.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Brookes, Kevin},
  booktitle = {Why Neo-Liberalism Failed in France: Political Sociology of the Spread of Neo-liberal Ideas in France (1974–2012)},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-82188-3_4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {125-198},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Value of Public Opinion, Political Party Discourse and the Politics of Liberalisation in France},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82188-3_4},
  year = 2021
}

@article{zimmer2022akzeptanz,
  abstract = {Der Beitrag bietet, gestützt auf eine quantitative Fragebogenbefragung, einen Überblick über die Einstellungen junger Erwachsener (n = 1090) zwischen 18 und 24 Jahren muslimischen (13 %) und christlichen (68 %) Glaubens zur gesellschaftlichen Diversität operationalisiert über die Akzeptanz anderer Personengruppen wie insbesondere Personen verschiedenen ethnischen Hintergrundes und unterschiedlicher Zuwanderungsgeschichten, diverser religiöser Zugehörigkeiten sowie sexueller Orientierungen. Die Analyse der Daten erfolgt in Abhängigkeit der soziokulturellen Herkunft (Religionszugehörigkeit, Stärke der Religiosität, Migrationshintergrund), der sozioökonomischen Lebenslagen (eigener und elterlicher Bildungshintergrund) sowie interreligiöser und interethnischer Kontakte und Freundschaften. Die Befragung zeigt, dass die Religionszugehörigkeit, die Stärke der Religiosität und die religiöse Zusammensetzung des Freundeskreises in stärkerem Maße als etwa der Migrationshintergrund oder die schulische Bildung Vorurteilsstrukturen gegenüber bestimmten Gruppen wie etwa gegenüber Homosexuellen determinieren. Interreligiöse und interethnische Begegnungen insbesondere in der Nachbarschaft und im erweiterten Freundeskreis stehen in positivem Zusammenhang mit der Diversitätsakzeptanz. Beispielweise sind Vorurteile gegenüber zugewanderten Familien bei jungen Erwachsenen christlichen Hintergrundes bei Freundschaften mit jungen Muslim:innen reduziert. Junge Muslim:innen mit Kontakten zu jungen Menschen christlicher Prägung haben wiederum geringere Ressentiments gegenüber Homosexuellen als Muslim:innen ohne interreligiöse Kontakte. In einem Fazit werden entsprechende Möglichkeiten diskutiert, Diversitätsakzeptanz als Konstrukt noch zielgenauer sozialwissenschaftlich zu erfassen und zu fördern sowie interreligiöse Begegnungskontexte im organisationalen Rahmen so zu gestalten, dass positive Beziehungen angestoßen und Vorurteile gegenüber anderen Personengruppen abgebaut werden.},
  author = {Zimmer, Veronika and Stein, Margit},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s41682-022-00111-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  pages = {1-31},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Akzeptanz gesellschaftlicher Diversität durch junge Muslim:innen und Christ:innen in Abhängigkeit der Stärke der Religiosität und interreligiöser Kontakte},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s41682-022-00111-6},
  year = 2022
}

@article{casi2017investimenti,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the role of social capital in determining the size and the direction of FDI-induced spillovers on the economic growth of EU regions. The idea is that the nature and the quality of foreign companies' relationships with local firms depend on the endowment of social capital of that location. A «wrong» social capital may make these relationships difficult, thus limiting the capacity of the host economy to benefit of FDI-induced spillovers conducive to growth. We considered informal institutions in terms of generalized trust, associational activity, and cultural closeness and we found that spillovers effects do not arise when generalized trust is «self-referential», active participation to associational activities is low, and the society is characterised by cultural closeness towards foreigners. Moreover, we found that positive FDI-induced spillovers are associated with EU-originating foreign firms and FDI in services only. From a policy perspective, this implies that the origin of foreign investors as well as the sectoral composition of FDI inflows should be carefully considered. Furthermore, investments in education may help regions to benefit more from the foreign presence because human capital and social capital tend to be complementary.},
  author = {Casi, Laura and Resmini, Laura},
  doi = {10.14650/86463},
  issn = {1720-3929},
  journal = {Scienze Regionali, Italian Journal of Regional Science},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {171-200},
  title = {Investimenti diretti esteri, identità regionali e crescita},
  url = {https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.14650/86463},
  year = 2017
}

@article{czegledi2021economic,
  author = {Czeglédi, Pál and Lips, Brad and Newland, Carlos},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.14281/18241.2},
  doi = {10.36009/CJ.41.3.10},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  journal = {The Cato journal},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {657-689},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS/WVS2017-2021},
  title = {The Economic Mentality of Nations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.36009/CJ.41.3.10},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{nordstrandberg2020bureaucracy,
  abstract = {In this chapter, we study bureaucracies responsible for implementing gender equality policies in the Nordic countries. We ask the following questions: 1) How is gender equality understood within and across the Nordic countries? and 2) What drives gender equality policies in the Nordic countries? Our empirical analysis builds on surveys documenting populations’ and bureaucrats’ views on gender equality policies, and interviews with civil servants from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Our findings suggest a coherent understanding of gender equality among bureaucratic staff with each country, but the focus differs between the Nordic countries. Women’s liberation movements and the Nordic Council of Ministers are central drivers of the policy across all countries. The European Union, however, plays a prominent role only in Denmark and Finland. In conclusion, we argue that regional diffusion and its platforms have been more important than Europeanisation for promoting gender equality in the Nordic countries.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Nordstrand Berg, Laila and Murdoch, Zuzana},
  booktitle = {Nordic Gender Equality Policy in a Europeanisation Perspective},
  doi = {10.4324/9780429351136-5},
  editor = {Dørum, Knut},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5933},
  isbn = {9780367367459},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {Global Gender},
  study = {EVS2008},
  study-id = {EB82.4},
  title = {Bureaucracy of gender equality: Europeanisation in Nordic context?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351136-5},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{beilmann2021learning,
  abstract = {Generalized social trust (social trust) is often seen as the glue that holds a society together and fosters cooperation among individuals. There is a growing amount of empirical evidence that social trust is conducive to many positive societal and individual outcomes, including democracy. In this paper, we examine the change in social trust levels in the three Baltic countries---Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania---from 1991 to 2018 using data from the World Values Survey, European Values Survey, and the European Social Survey. Our findings show that change trajectories in social trust have not followed the same path in all three Baltic countries. A steady rise in the levels of social trust in Estonia and Lithuania during the last decades is rather unprecedented from an international comparative perspective, whereas, in Latvia, where levels of social trust have been historically lower than in the other two Baltic countries, social trust has been surprisingly stable since 2008. Our results offer partial support for the hypothesis that a trustworthy state and good governance play some role in generating social trust.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Beilmann, Mai and Lilleoja, Laur and Realo, Anu},
  booktitle = {Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being: Insights from Cross-Cultural Studies},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-75813-4_2},
  editor = {Almakaeva, Anna and Moreno, Alejandro and Wilkes, Rima},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-75813-4},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {19-43},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Learning to Trust: Trends in Generalized Social Trust in the Three Baltic Countries from 1990 to 2018},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75813-4_2},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{schmitzvardar2021nationalists,
  abstract = {Traditionally, citizenship has been defined as the legal and political link between individuals and their democratic political community. However, traditional conceptions of democratic citizenship are currently challenged by various developments like migration, the rise of populism, increasing polarization, social fragmentation, and the challenging of representative democracy as well as developments in digital communication technology. Against this background, this book reflects recent conceptions of citizenship by bringing together insights from different disciplines, such as political science, sociology, economics, law, and history.},
  address = {Bielefeld},
  author = {Schmitz-Vardar, Merve},
  booktitle = {Democratic Citizenship in Flux},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.14361/9783839449493},
  editor = {Bayer, Markus and Schwarz, Oliver and Stark, Toralf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {193-218},
  publisher = {transcript},
  series = {Edition Politik},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Can nationalists be democratic citizens in the age of global migration? Boundaries of political community and their impact on liberal orientation in EU societies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839449493},
  volume = 85,
  year = 2021
}

@article{karamelska2013invention,
  abstract = {Can we talk about a religious renaissance in Bulgaria after 1989? Are there new bearers of Christian values or new agents on the market of spirituality, which underwent serious liberalization in the transition to democracy? What is the role of imagination in the recent visions of the “orthodox faith” and to want extent is the border between canonical truths and religious practices erased or preserved? Did Eastern Orthodoxy try to compensate the lack of existential meanings and motivations after the collapse of the monolithic ideological discourse of socialism or did it continue to occupy a marginal position in the society and to be used as escapist platform?},
  author = {Karamelska, Teodora and Goncharova, Galina},
  journal = {Семинар, BG},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 9,
  pages = {117-127},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Изобретяване на православните традиции: религиозността в постсоциалистически контекст (The Invention of Orthodox Traditions: Religiosity in a Post-Socialist Context)},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=138707},
  year = 2013
}

@article{mahdi2021oxcovid19,
  abstract = {Oxford COVID-19 Database (OxCOVID19 Database) is a comprehensive source of information related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This relational database contains time-series data on epidemiology, government responses, mobility, weather and more across time and space for all countries at the national level, and for more than 50 countries at the regional level. It is curated from a variety of (wherever available) official sources. Its purpose is to facilitate the analysis of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus and to assess the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the impact of the pandemic. Our database is a freely available, daily updated tool that provides unified and granular information across geographical regions.},
  author = {Mahdi, Adam and Błaszczyk, Piotr and Dłotko, Paweł and Salvi, Dario and Chan, Tak-Shing and Harvey, John and Gurnari, Davide and Wu, Yue and Farhat, Ahmad and Hellmer, Niklas and Zarebski, Alexander and Hogan, Bernie and Tarassenko, Lionel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-88481-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {20452322},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-11},
  refid = {Mahdi2021},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {OxCOVID19 Database, a multimodal data repository for better understanding the global impact of COVID-19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88481-4},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{rusu2021despre,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Rusu, Horațiu},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5000},
  isbn = {9786063709876},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {15-23},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  study-id = {EB73.1},
  title = {Despre dimensiunea etnică şi dimensiunea civică a identității naționale: ce valorizează românii},
  year = 2021
}

@book{skarzynska2019portret,
  address = {Warschau},
  author = {Skarżyńska, Krystyna},
  isbn = {978-8373839892},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Spółka},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {My. Portret psychologiczno-społeczny Polaków z polityką w tle},
  year = 2019
}

@article{soare2023populisms,
  abstract = {While populism is one of the most analysed aspects of contemporary politics, we know little about its interaction with religion and about motivations leading political parties to oppose or support a secular appropriation of religious themes and symbols beyond any spiritual or doctrinal dimension. This paper aims to disentangle the intersection of religion and populism in Romania with regard to the concept of family, by exploring how parliamentarians use religious symbols and contents within their speeches during the debates preparing the 2018 referendum on family in Romania. The analysis is based on a dataset of parliamentary debates covering the adoption of the referendum in the Parliament (2012–2018) and the follow-up period (2018–2020). We aim to provide a nuanced understanding of how political actors conceive and represent religion and gender in contemporary politics based on a case-study in which overtly populist parties remain isolated in the extra-parliamentary arena. },
  author = {Soare, Sorina and Tufis, Claudiu D.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1080/1070289X.2021.1953784},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2021.1953784},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Identities},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {112-130},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {No populism’s land? Religion and gender in Romanian politics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2021.1953784},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2023
}

@article{vorsatz2021convergence,
  abstract = {Scholars and journalists argue that the EU is transitioning towards a value union. If true, this value convergence is happening along the EU enlargements, warranting the research questions: To what extent have the political values of EU citizens converged across member states since the 1970s and has this trend been influenced by the enlargement rounds of the EU? Relying on longitudinal surveys and political values derived from key EU documents, a quantitative intertemporal convergence analysis on eight political values leads to four conclusions: First, no overarching convergence trend is observable as four values diverge across EU countries. However, divergences are more profound than convergences. Second, the original members of the EU constitute the most homogeneous subgroup analyzed. Third, the EU enlargement rounds do not necessarily increase value differences between EU countries. Fourth, new EU members sometimes adopt the predominant attitude of the other EU countries.},
  author = {Vorsatz, Victor},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10074 ; 10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.4747 ; 10.4232/1.13052},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3521 v2.0.1 ; ZA4804 v3.0.1 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA4747 v1.0.0 ; ZA6900 v2.0.0},
  journal = {SAIS Journal},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {95-113},
  study-id = {Mannheim Eurobarometer Trend File 1970-2002 ; EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP1985-1990-1996-2006 ; ISSP2016},
  title = {The Convergence of Political Values of Citizens Across EU Member States along EU Enlargement Rounds},
  url = {https://www.saisjournal.eu/documents/volumePDFS/BFE8B301-B8E4-2502-B8E74B6E2E6BDC03.pdf},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{voicu2021emigranii,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {199-205},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Sunt emigranții români altfel decât românii rămași în țară?},
  year = 2021
}

@article{mavridis2021social,
  abstract = {We study how different forms of social capital lead to different distributions of multidimensional opinions by affecting the channels through which individuals communicate. We develop a model to compare and contrast the evolution of opinions between societies whose members communicate through bonding associations (i.e., which bond similar people together) and societies where communication is through bridging associations (i.e., which bridge the gap among different people). Both processes converge towards opinion distributions where there are groups within which there is consensus in all issues. Bridging processes are more likely to lead to society-wide consensus and converge to distributions that have, on average, fewer opinion groups. The latter result holds even when the confidence bound that allows successful communication in the bridging process is much smaller than the respective bound in the bonding process.},
  author = {Mavridis, Christos and Tsakas, Nikolas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/s00355-020-01297-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1432217X},
  journal = {Social Choice and Welfare},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {635–678},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Social Capital, Communication Channels and Opinion Formation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-020-01297-5},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{voicu202119932018,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {39-45},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS/WVS1993 ; EVS/WVS1999 ; EVS/WVS2018 ; EVS2008},
  title = {1993-2018: În căutarea încrederii în oameni},
  year = 2021
}

@article{hubatkova2020expansion,
  abstract = {The article focuses on the relationship between higher education and post-materialistic attitudes to work, and how it has changed following the recent expansion of systems of higher education in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study on 28 countries with the time frame between 1990 and 2008, the analysis shows that the previously observed link between higher education and post-materialism also applies to work values. Higher-educated Europeans were both more post-materialistic and less materialistic in their work orientations than their lower-educated counterparts. This association was, however, weakened by tertiary expansion. Work-related post-materialism declined with the increasing share of university-educated individuals in the working-age population. Interestingly, so, too, did work-related materialism, yet only until the expansion reached 25%, then it gradually increased. It is suggested that these developments, at least in part, stem from the changing position of higher-educated workers in the labour market.},
  author = {Hubatková, Barbora and Doseděl, Tomáš},
  doi = {10.13060/csr.2020.050},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {767-789},
  study = {EVS1991 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2007 ; EU-LFS},
  title = {The Expansion of Higher Education and Post-Materialistic Attitudes to Work in Europe: Evidence from the European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.050},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2020
}

@article{prokhoda2021education,
  abstract = {The materials of the cross-country comparative project — the European study of values — are analyzed. Аn integrative indicator interpreted as “ecological culture” was calculated by using the factor analysis. It is noted that European countries are differentiated according to the indicator under consideration. The level of ecological culture is higher in countries with developed economies and high living standards of the population. It is stated that Russian youth demonstrates a low level of ecological culture by European standards. Education is considered as an important tool for the formation of ecological culture. It was revealed that, statistically, formal education throughout Europe is significantly associated with the level of ecological culture of the population. Correlation in all countries is direct, while the value of the correlation coefficient varies considerably. It is stated that there is a certain contradiction in Russia between the declared need for the formation of the ecolog ical culture of the population, the recognition of the important role of education in this process, on the one hand, and the relatively low level of ecological culture, as well as the weakest correlation between “ecological culture” in Europe with the education of respondents on the other hand. It is concluded that the Russian education system, unlike in most other European states, does not sufficiently contribute to the formation of norms, attitudes and values regarding the relationship between man and nature.},
  author = {Prokhoda, V. A.},
  issn = {2218-9238},
  journal = {Знание. Понимание. Умение},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {149-163},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Образование как фактор формирования экологической культуры жителей европейских стран (Education as a factor of the formation of the ecological culture of European residents)},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{praprotnik2020regional,
  address = {Bielefeld},
  author = {Praprotnik, Katrin},
  booktitle = {European Regions. Perspectives, Trends and Developments in the 21th Century},
  editor = {Donat, Elisabeth and Meyer, Sarah and Abels, Gabriele},
  isbn = {978-3-8376-5069-3},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {43-57},
  publisher = {transcript},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Regional Europeans. The relationship between social identities and EU support in Austria},
  url = {https://www.transcript-verlag.de/media/pdf/ae/e2/6b/oa9783839450697.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{bollwein2020soziale,
  abstract = {Die folgende Forschungsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob soziale, ökonomische und politische Unsicherheit zu einer Überbewertung der eigenen Nation führen. Analysiert wird dies quantitativ mittels einer Mehrebenenanalyse anhand Daten der European Values Study. Die theoretische Grundlage der Arbeit bildet die Deprivations- und Desintegrationsthese, vor allem in der Rechtsextremismusforschung verbreitet ist. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse verdeutlichen, dass die ökonomische und soziale Unsicherheit einen positiven Efekt auf die Überbewertung der eigenen Nation hat. Politische Unsicherheit hingegen wirkt sich negativ darauf aus.},
  address = {Bamberg},
  author = {Bollwein, Thomas},
  booktitle = {Nationalismus und Globalisierung: Spannungsfelder der Gegenwart},
  chapter = 5,
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.20378/irb-47297},
  editor = {Brand, Alexander and Schubert, Annika and Schubert, Daniel and Wiesinger, Jakob},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-86309-733-2},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {123-144},
  publisher = {University of Bamberg Press},
  series = {Studentische Schriften zu den Sozialwissenschaften},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Führt soziale, ökonomische und politische Unsicherheit zu einer Überbewertung der eigenen Nation? Eine Analyse anhand der demokratischen Staaten in Europa},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20378/irb-47297},
  year = 2020
}

@article{tromp2022smaller,
  abstract = {Background: The thesis of religious decline, central to secularization theory, has become massively contested among social-scientific students of religion. Its critics observe not so much decline, but rather change in the religious landscape of Western Europe, in effect pointing out that the decline of Christianity’s traditional institutional, doctrinal and ritual dimensions should not be mistaken for a decline of religion tout court. Purpose: In this research note, we address this ongoing debate among sociologists of religion by studying whether traditional Christian religiosity has declined in Western Europe over the past four decades, and whether the same applies to religiosity more broadly conceived. Methods: To examine these trends over time, we analyze data from the European Values Study (1981-2017) for nineteen Western-European countries. More specifically, we carry out multi-level linear- and multi-level logistic regression analyses. Results: We demonstrate that both traditional Christian religiosity and religiosity more broadly conceived have declined, with the former declining at a much higher pace than the latter. We also find that those who continue to be religious and/or spiritual deviate increasingly from the traditional Christian model. Thus, when one does encounter religiosity, it is much more likely to be non-traditional religiosity than was true in the past. Conclusions and Implications: We conclude that religion has declined, whether one understands it narrowly as traditional Christian religiosity, or more broadly. Even though new forms of religiosity and spirituality cannot compensate for the loss in traditional Christian religiosity, they do make up an increasing portion of the overall declining religious pie. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of the data from the European Values Study (1981-2017) and make an urgent call for better survey data, especially by including more suitable questions with which to measure types of religiosity and/or spirituality that deviate from the traditional Christian model.},
  author = {Tromp, Paul and Pless, Anna and Houtman, Dick},
  doi = {10.1007/s13644-021-00479-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  journal = {Review of Religious Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {127–144},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {A Smaller Pie with a Different Taste: The Evolution of the Western-European Religious Landscape (European Values Study, 1981-2017)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-021-00479-6},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2022
}

@book{pavlovic2021psihologija,
  abstract = {U knjizi se razmatraju glavni aspekti problematike fenomena vrednosti i izlaganje je organizovano u sedam poglavlja. Prvo poglavlje bavi se opštim karakteristikama koncepta vrednosti koje se mogu identifikovati kao „najmanji zajednički sadržalac“ različitih i veoma brojnih gledišta o vrednostima. Tu se pravi i konceptualna i sadržinska razlika između pojma vrednosti i drugih srodnih pojmova (potreba, crta ličnosti, stavova, normi i ideologije). Sledi poglavlje u kome se razmatraju razna pitanja merenja vrednosti u empirijskim istraživanjima i daje prikaz najčešćih metodoloških procedura i standarda. Nakon toga, u trećem, najobimnijem poglavlju, prikazani su glavni elementi većeg broja teorijskih modela i tipologizacija vrednosti, koji su grubo klasifikovani u dve grupe teorija vrednosti: individualno-psihološke i kulturološke teorije. U poglavlju nakon toga diskutuje se o teorijskim razmatranjima i empirijskim nalazima o „korenima“ ili poreklu vrednosti, tj. glavnim individualnim i društvenim antecedentima vrednosnih preferencija. Debatovano je o značaju raznih sociodemografskih i psiholoških, ali i makro-kontekstualnih (grupnih i socijetalnih) karakteristika za varijetete u vrednosnim prioritetima. U narednom, petom poglavlju se u tom kontekstu diskutuje o pitanjima mogućnosti promene vrednosti i povezanim metodološkim pitanjima i teškoćama „merenja“ promene vrednosti. Šesto poglavlje donosi razmatranja o vrednostima kao „determinantama“ različitih oblika socijalnog ponašanja ljudi – u sferi prosocijalnog, antisocijalnog, proekološkog, organizacionog, političkog i zdravstvenog ponašanja; razmatraju se i mogući mehanizmi „uticaja“ vrednosti na ponašanje, kao i važnost ostvarenja važnih vrednosti za subjektivno blagostanje ljudi. U zaključnom poglavlju napravljen je kratak završni osvrt na pojam vrednosti, njegovu ulogu u razumevanju društvenih procesa i načine njihovog saznavanja.},
  address = {Beograd},
  author = {Pavlović, Zoran},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  isbn = {9788664271677},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Institut za psihologiju},
  study-id = {EVS/WVS2017-2021},
  title = {Psihologija vrednosti},
  year = 2021
}

@article{gugushvili2021public,
  abstract = {As global warming and other environmental threats intensify and become more visible, scientists are increasingly questioning the desirability of economic growth as an overarching national and global policy imperative. Several theories in environmental sociology and economics—degrowth, steady-state economy, and “agrowth”—offer compelling arguments that environmental sustainability and continuous economic growth are incompatible. However, there is a shortage of empirical evidence about public opinion on the growth versus environment dilemma, despite its great relevance for the social legitimacy of governments’ approach to the issue. In this article, we aim to narrow this research gap by applying multilevel models to data from the 2017 European Values Study (EVS). We find that the idea of sacrificing a certain level of growth for the sake of the environment receives high levels of support in most European countries. Nevertheless, within countries, we find clear indications of social divides in opinions regarding the growth versus environment dilemma: post-materialists, politically left-leaning people, the better-off, and the higher-educated are in favor of reduced growth, whereas materialists, right-wing individuals, and disadvantaged groups prioritize the economy over ecological concerns. At the country level, economic affluence is associated with greater support for reduced growth, irrespective of the differences in post-materialist values and the ecological situation. In practical terms, our results suggest that politicians can be bolder in promoting substantive environmental measures, even those that reduce growth. },
  author = {Gugushvili, Dimitri},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152211034224},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {224-240},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Public attitudes toward economic growth versus environmental sustainability dilemma: Evidence from Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152211034224},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2021
}

@book{jonge2021success,
  abstract = {This book focuses on the varied support for the populist radical right in the Benelux countries: Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. Despite many common characteristics, right-wing populist parties have historically been more successful in the Netherlands and Flanders than in Luxembourg and Wallonia. This book argues that the variation in the success of right-wing populist parties depends to a large extent on the way in which they are perceived and received in a given polity. In the Netherlands and Flanders, mainstream parties and the media have contributed to politicising issues pertaining to immigration and national identity, thereby tilling the field for the populist radical right. In Luxembourg and Wallonia, mainstream parties and the media have resolutely limited the opportunities for right-wing populist challengers to influence the public debate. This volume will be of interest to practitioners as well as students and scholars of party politics, the media, the populist radical right and the Benelux region.},
  address = {Abingdon},
  author = {Jonge, Léonie de},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003049258},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9780367502515},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  pages = 224,
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Success and Failure of Right-Wing Populist Parties in the Benelux Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003049258 },
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{easterlin2020easterlin,
  abstract = {The Easterlin Paradox states that at a point in time happiness varies directly with income, both among and within nations, but over time the long-term growth rates of happiness and income are not significantly related. The principal reason for the contradiction is social comparison. At a point in time those with higher income are happier because they are comparing their income to that of others who are less fortunate, and conversely for those with lower income. Over time, however, as incomes rise throughout the population, the incomes of one's comparison group rise along with one's own income and vitiates the otherwise positive effect of own-income growth on happiness. Critics of the Paradox mistakenly present the positive relation of happiness to income in cross-section data or in short-term time fluctuations as contradicting the nil relation of long-term trends.},
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {Easterlin, Richard A. and O’Connor, Kelsey},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  institution = {Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 13923,
  pages = 42,
  series = {IZA Discussion Papers},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS 2017},
  title = {The Easterlin Paradox},
  url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3743147},
  year = 2020
}

@article{mangeloja2021exploring,
  abstract = {A well-functioning social network involves attributes such as honesty, benevolence, fairness and confidence. When this network - trust - has formed, participants can count on reliable and consistent economic transactions. This has the effect of higher level of co-operation, but also co-dependence. Strong social networks, as measured in this study by the degree of interpersonal trust and trust in institutions, are foundational elements for societies wishing to progress to new higher levels of entrepreneurship and development. In a pooled OLS of up to 52 countries and 16 years, this study estimates how changes in interpersonal trust and trust in institutions affect new business creation. The four entrepreneurship categories considered include the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity, new business formation, necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity, and improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity.},
  author = {Mangeloja, Esa and Ovaska, Tomi and Takashima, Ryo},
  journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {17-36},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Exploring the Relationship Between Trust and Business Start-Ups in 52 Countries Over 16 Years},
  url = {https://ijbe.fcu.edu.tw/assets/ijbe/past_issue/No.20-1/pdf/vol_20-1-2.pdf},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2021
}

@article{lavrinenko2021exploring,
  abstract = {To explain protest potential, the Structural Cognitive Model (SCM) suggests (i) a multi-level interaction between economic and political contexts (“structure”) and individual-level social psychological factors (“cognitive”) such that (ii) macro-level factors can amplify or dampen individual and group protest potential. This model has few cross-national tests because many of the cognitive concepts it suggests are not available in the major international survey projects. This paper explores the possibilities to test SCM with the European Values Study (33 countries, 2017–2018). I explain protest potential as a result of, at the macro level, economic inequality and the degree to which the Political Opportunity Structure is open or closed. Individual-level factors include economic structural disadvantage and being both politically interested and organizationally embedded. Cognitive factors include external political efficacy and internal social efficacy. I find that external political efficacy is sensitive to the political context and internal social efficacy is not. These results suggest that, to test SCM, the distinction between external political efficacy and internal social efficacy is essential because they have different relationships with the economic and political contexts. Overall, I find that the European Values Study can be used to explore SCM in cross-national perspective. },
  author = {Lavrinenko, Olga},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/00207659.2021.1939945},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2021.1939945},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {321-335},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Exploring Protest in Europe with a Multi-Level Cross-National Test of the Structural Cognitive Model},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2021.1939945},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{nimu2017mainstreaming,
  abstract = {In this chapter we developed an assessment of the main right-wing political party in Poland —Law and Justice (PiS), by constructing a framework that accounts for multiple angles of its development. We firstly look at its historical and ideological lineages, as well as the societal context in which it has been established; linkage mechanisms and survival strategies. Secondly, we account for its identity construction, through official party documents, as well as public discourse of party elites, and the repertoires employed. Our findings suggest that the party’s strategy of identifying with some of the key contentious issues that the public is deeply engaged with (European values, Church’s role, migration, abortion, civil partnerships, LGBTQ rights) has pushed it from the periphery of the party system to the mainstream. It has done so by using both economic and cultural narratives that create stable linkages with segments of the population.},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  author = {Nimu, Andrada and Volintiru, Clara},
  booktitle = {Why Europe? Narratives and Counter-narratives of European Integration},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.3726/978-3-653-07138-2},
  editor = {Bârgăoanu, Alina and Buturoiu, Raluca and Radu, Loredana},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-631-70226-0},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Peter Lang},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Mainstreaming Nationalism? The Case of the Law and Justice Party (PiS)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-07138-2},
  year = 2017
}

@article{aranguren2023antimuslim,
  abstract = {No other form of group antagonism affects the fate of so many people in France as anti-Muslim racism. While negative attitudes toward Muslims and Muslims’ experience of discrimination are well documented, studies of anti-Muslim behaviour are rare, especially in the context of everyday interpersonal encounters. To fill this void, we conducted a field experiment on platforms of the Paris metro (n = 270) in which a bearded confederate asked for help to randomly selected passengers giving additional indirect cues of being Muslim in the experimental condition. The outcomes under investigation were the probability of helping the confederate and various behaviours indicative of interpersonal warmth or involvement. Interactions were videotaped, the outcomes objectively measured, and the data analysed using Generalized Linear Models estimated with Bayesian inference. Passengers were found to offer help less often and to show lower interpersonal warmth in the experimental condition. Also, when considered in isolation the young turn out to discriminate but not the middle-aged. Given that these negative effects were observed despite the use of a minimal stimulus, the results probably underestimate the actual level of anti-Muslim discrimination that Muslim men face in their everyday dealings with non Muslims. },
  author = {Aranguren, Martin and Madrisotti, Francesco and Durmaz-Martins, Eser},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/1369183X.2021.1953378},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {770-794},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Anti-Muslim behaviour in everyday interaction: evidence from a field experiment in Paris},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1953378},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2023
}

@book{mercure2020transformations,
  abstract = {Au cours des dernières décennies, les conditions économiques et culturelles qui façonnent les attitudes et les comportements au travail, de même que la place et le sens que revêt celui-ci chez les individus, se sont profondément transformées. Dans ce livre, plusieurs spécialistes de cette question s'emploient d'abord à circonscrire les différents aspects de la notion de rapport au travail, ensuite à repérer les principaux changements qui, depuis trois décennies, ont marqué nos manières de vivre le travail et, enfin, à mieux comprendre la complexité des facteurs qui ont présidé aux changements observés. Mettre en relief les effets de tels changements sur nos vies au travail et à l'extérieur du travail constitue le point nodal de ce livre.},
  address = {Québec},
  author = {Mercure, Daniel},
  isbn = {978-2-7637-3936-6},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Presses de l'Université Laval},
  series = {Sociologie contemporaine},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Les transformations contemporaines du rapport au travail},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{andzans2021willingness,
  abstract = {The publication reflects on one of the core aspects and indicators of societal resilience and national defence – why ordinary people are or are not willing to defend their own countries. Based on a review of conceptual considerations and statistical data, an international team of scientists have explored the situation in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and its implications to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.},
  address = {Riga},
  author = {Andžāns, Māris},
  booktitle = {Willingness to Defend Own Country in the Baltic States: Implications for National Security and NATO’s Collective Defence},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790},
  doi = {10.25143/willingness_to_defend_2021_ISBN_9789934563997_29-34},
  editor = {Andžāns, Māris},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811},
  isbn = {9789934563997},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {29-34},
  publisher = {Rīga Stradiņš University},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Willingness to Defend the Baltic States in Quantitative Terms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.25143/willingness_to_defend_2021_ISBN_9789934563997_29-34},
  year = 2021
}

@article{paugam2020attache,
  abstract = {By extending the analytical perspective of Durkheim, we set a theoretical framework to examine social bonds at two levels: the attachment of individuals to each other and the attachment of individuals to society. We create statistical indicators for comparing European countries and also, on an exploratory basis, the regions of Switzerland. We can distinguish and validate four ideal types of attachment regimes (familialist, voluntarist, organicist and universalist). Furthermore, our analysis shows national and regional specificities.},
  author = {Paugam, Serge and Beycan, Tugce and Suter, Christian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.3680 ; 10.4232/1.12590 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.2478/sjs-2020-0002},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA6670 v1.0.0 ; ZA3680 v2.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Swiss Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 1,
  pages = {7-35},
  study-id = {ISSP2001 ; ISSP2014 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Ce qui attache les individus aux groupes et à la société. Une comparaison européenne (What Attaches Individuals to Groups and Society. A European Comparison)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/sjs-2020-0002},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2020
}

@article{ivaldi2021monte,
  abstract = {For more than 35 years Futuribles has taken an interest in how value systems evolve and in the study of their transformation, regularly reporting on the surveys carried out every 9-10 years within the framework of the European Values Study (EVS). The dossier initiated in this issue by Pierre Bréchon covers the findings of the latest round (2017-2018) and what these tell us about long-term developmental trends in Europeans’ values. In this second article, Gilles Ivaldi looks into the rise of authoritarian populism on the Old Continent and what the values studies teach us about the factors driving it at the core of European opinion. He confronts the ‘cultural backlash’ theory developed by Ronald Inglehart and Pippa Norris — which argues that this resurgent populism is the product of a cultural counter-revolution in reaction to the broad spread of liberal values — with the observed development of European values in the various dimensions that serve as indicators (authoritarian­ism, xenophobia, and traditionalism in mores). As ever, the reality is more complex than it seems, involving a real social demand for authority, a waning of traditional moral values and a growing xenophobia that varies greatly from country to country (Western Europe being distinctly and durably more tolerant than Eastern Europe) etc. He also points to the progressive alignment of the generations on an increased call for authority to be respected. Overall, when the rise of current populisms is examined, a subtle approach is called for, with distinctions being carefully made between geographical areas and the values concerned (private versus public sphere, for example) and generational dynamics being kept in perspective. But we should also not forget the impact of economic factors which also greatly influence opinion, an impact which, as Ivaldi stresses at the end of his article, might well increase in the current context of crisis, a point that the 2017 Values Survey could not take into account…},
  author = {Ivaldi, Gilles},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.443.0025},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {25-38},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {La montée du populisme autoritaire. Ce qu’en disent les enquêtes Valeurs (The Rise of Authoritarian Populism, as Reflected in the Values Studies)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/futur.443.0025},
  volume = 443,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kutylo2021religiosity,
  abstract = {According to the thesis, which was a starting point to considerations presented in the paper, one could observe a declining importance of religious institutions in organizing religious life. The thesis is related mainly to the situation characteristic of Western Europe. In search of reasons for the phenomenon, demand theories suggest it is a consequence of broader social changes, which express through growing individualism or increasing standard of life. On the other hand, supply theories try to explain this suggesting there is a gap between “religious offer” of these institutions and the expectations of potential believers. In the paper, I tried to use both these perspectives. In order to verify this approach, I focused my attention on the case of Catholics in Poland. In analyses I used data coming from the European Values Study.},
  author = {Kutyło, Łukasz},
  journal = {Contributions to Humanities},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {13–32},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {A religiosity in the world of declining importance of religious institutions. The case of Poland},
  url = {http://www.journalssystem.com/shagh/Religijnosc-w-swiecie-slabnacych-instytucji-religijnych-Przypadek-Polski,134430,0,2.html},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2021
}

@article{valdimarsdottir2020attitudes,
  abstract = {In the past few years, millions have been forced to leave their homes seeking refuge in other countries, most displaced from Muslim majority countries. The inflow of refugees and recent terrorist attacks in Europe may have reinforced prejudice against Muslim immigrants in Europe. Research on these issues is almost non-existent in Iceland. Using a random sample of 3.360 individuals in late 2019 and a survey-based experimental design, we address several questions related to attitudes towards Muslim immigrants and refugees in Iceland. Our results indicate that just over half of the population is willing to accept more refugees than is currently done and does not want to limit the proportion of Muslims among them. Notwithstanding, about 44% of the public believe that the risk of terrorism will increase if Iceland accepts more immigrants from Muslim majority countries. Political orientation and education are associated with attitudes toward refugees, an association that is partly mediated through stereotypes of Muslims as a security threat. The findings also show that people who are informed that research finds no link between the number of Muslim immigrants and the risk of terrorism are less likely to stereotype Muslim immigrants as a security threat than people who get no such information. This type of information has similar effects on people irrespective of their political orientation. Consequently, the current study does not support the proposition that right-leaning individuals in Iceland are more distrustful of scientific information than those on the left. The effects are, however, significantly contingent on education.},
  author = {Valdimarsdóttir, Margrét and Jónsdóttir, Guðbjörg Andrea},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13561},
  doi = {10.13177/irpa.a.2020.16.2.7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7502 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {217–242},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudes towards refugees and Muslim immigrants in Iceland: The perceived link to terrorism},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2020.16.2.7},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2020
}

@article{brechon2021individualisation,
  abstract = {Many analysts are very pessimistic about French society, which is becoming increasingly individualistic, with everyone acting according to their own interests. In fact, individualism is very often confused with individualisation, i.e. the desire for autonomy in the conduct of one’s life. These two attitudes are in fact quite opposite. Contrary to popular belief, individualism has been on the decline in France for the past 10 years, while individualisation is progressing very strongly. And above all, the more individualised you are, the less individualistic you are. The autonomy of the individual goes hand in hand with a stronger altruism. These attitudes are strongly linked to trust in others, left–right orientation, egalitarian values between men and women, politicisation and religiosity.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.1057/s41253-020-00139-1},
  issn = {14763427},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {2-3},
  pages = {114-138},
  refid = {Bréchon2021},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2018},
  title = {Individualisation rising and individualism declining in France: How can this be explained?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-020-00139-1},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@article{vento2021homeland,
  abstract = {How does emigrating affect one's political trust for their native country's political and state institutions? This question is increasingly relevant as a result of growing migration in the wake of globalization and the willingness to widen electoral laws and channels for participation to also include emigrated citizens in homeland politics. Despite the research conducted on homeland politics and voting from abroad in political science, the question of homeland political trust among emigrants has not been given sufficient attention. This could be seen as surprising from the perspective of trust research, which has exhaustively analyzed political and social trust. This paper seeks to map the effect of migration on political trust by comparing the trust in Finnish political and state institutions of emigrated Swedish-speaking Finns, also known as Finland-Swedes, and Finland-Swedes living in Finland. The Finland-Swedes are a resourceful minority with a sizeable diaspora, which in relative terms is comparable to nations with a renowned diaspora. The paper analyzes the political trust of migrants and residents with two high quality random surveys and using two methods, linear regression and propensity score matching, with analysis of average treatment effects to counter potential endogeneity of political trust and migrating citizens. The analyses show emigrants have on average significantly higher homeland political trust. Comparing the linear regression analysis and the average treatment effects after matching we get similar results, although the linear regression analysis that controls for potentially endogenous factors seems to somewhat exaggerate the effect of migration. },
  author = {Vento, Isak},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13513},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2021.642037},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7549 v1.0.0},
  issn = {2673-3145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-7},
  series = 19,
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Homeland Political Trust Among Emigrants: The Case of Finland-Swedes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.642037},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2021
}

@article{pospisilova2019mezinrodn,
  abstract = {Zkoumání sledovanosti různých druhů médií je jedním z častých témat sociologických výzkumů. V následujících odstavcích ukážeme, jaká sociologická šetření se sledování médií věnují, kde lze nalézt data z těchto výzkumů a proč by měla čtenáře tato data zajímat. V závěru ukážeme benefity a možná úskalí využívání tohoto druhu dat.},
  author = {Pospíšilová, Marie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3950 v1.3.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Mediální studia},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {193-202},
  study-id = {ISSP2004 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Česká a mezinárodní kvantitativní data týkající se sledování médií – zdroje a jejich využitelnost (Czech and international quantitative data on media monitoring – possible sources and their usability)},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=818832},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2019
}

@article{gulevich2022benevolent,
  abstract = {Previous studies have shown that ambivalent gender attitudes are associated with attitudes toward homosexuals. However, most of these studies have primarily considered ambivalent attitudes toward women and attitudes toward gay men, and have been carried out in countries with progressive laws regarding homosexuality. In this study, we examined the connection between ambivalent attitudes toward men and women and attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women in countries with conservative sexual legislation. In the first study, participants were residents of Russia (N = 163) and Kazakhstan (N = 194), while the second study used residents of Russia (N = 496) and Belarus (N = 123). Results indicated that benevolent attitudes predicted attitudes toward gays and lesbians better than the hostile ones. At the same time, attitudes toward men and women similarly predicted attitudes toward gays and lesbians. These patterns were manifested among different components of attitudes toward homosexuals. The results are discussed within the social context of the countries.},
  author = {Gulevich, Olga and Krivoshchekov, Vladislav and Sorokina, Anastasia and Samekin, Adil},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1080/00918369.2020.1855030},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2020.1855030},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Homosexuality},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {796-820},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Are Benevolent Attitudes More Closely Related to Attitudes toward Homosexuals than Hostile Ones? Cases of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2020.1855030},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2022
}

@article{kopyciok2021leftwing,
  abstract = {Given rising populist nationalism and multiplying meanings of “right” and “left,” this paper assesses whether Europeans who identify as extremely left-wing on the political spectrum hold anti-immigrant attitudes. In contrast to right-wing xenophobes, we further examine whether the political left, who conventionally emphasize class conflict, oppose immigrants less for cultural reasons and more for materialist reasons. We also consider whether socioeconomic status and values traditionally associated with the political left—favoring redistributive policies, egalitarianism, or social rights to benefits and services for immigrants—temper left- more than right-wing xenophobia. We find that a surprisingly large share of those who identify as far left do express extremely xenophobic attitudes, and we profile them in contrast to far right xenophobes. With logistic regression analysis of nine waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2018), we find that, all things equal, socioeconomic status influences far left xenophobia more than far right xenophobia, but inegalitarian values, less support for redistributive policies, and welfare chauvinism can only partially account for far left xenophobia and unexpectedly do not distinguish it from far right xenophobia. This implies that far left parties might adopt anti-immigrant policies to try to retain their loyal voters, even though such policies do not comport with broader left-wing values and may increase racial and ethnic inequality. Controlling for demographic and attitudinal differences reduces the probability of xenophobia among the far left by about sixty percent, but there remains some residual anti-immigrant attitudes among this group still to be explained.},
  author = {Kopyciok, Svenja and Silver, Hilary},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2021.666717},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2297-7775},
  journal = {Frontiers in Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Left-Wing Xenophobia in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.666717},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2021
}

@phdthesis{koops2020understanding,
  abstract = {Through increased acceptance of having children outside of marriage and improved access to family planning, individuals in Western societies have more flexibility when it comes to family formation. But this does not mean that individuals make these decisions in complete isolation from others. This dissertation shows that the chance of experiencing a birth outside of marriage is influenced by ethnicity and socio-economic background. The research shows that in the UK, compared to the native British population, South Asian minorities are less likely to experience a first pregnancy outside of marriage. Instead, Caribbean minorities are more likely to experience a first pregnancy outside of a union and less likely to make a transition to a union during this pregnancy, as compared to the native British population. Furthermore, the research shows that those growing up with lower educated parents are more likely to have a first birth in unmarried cohabitation and are more likely to be single at the moment of the birth of their first child. The influence of parental education on partnership context at birth differs by country. The influence of parental education on births within unmarried cohabitation is stronger in countries where marriage is higher valued. The influence of parental education on single motherhood is stronger in countries where marriage is less valued and in countries with better access to family planning.},
  address = {Groningen},
  author = {Koops, Judith C.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.33612/diss.122182975},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Groningen},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Understanding nonmarital childbearing: the role of socio-economic background and ethnicity in Europe and North-America},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.122182975},
  year = 2020
}

@book{kremer2021better,
  abstract = {How can we make work better? It is an important question, one that the Dutch government, employers’ organizations and trade unions have been grappling with. People work to make money. But work also inspires self-respect, shapes our identity and gives us a sense of belonging – especially when the work we do is good. Good work is essential to prosperity in the broadest sense: to the quality of life we experience as individuals, to the economy and to society as a whole. Work in the Netherlands could be better. In Better Work. The automation, flexibilization and intensification of work, the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy offers nine recommendations to help all workers gain more control over their money, their work and their lives – the three basic conditions of good work. While the primary responsibility for good work lies with employers, the government can help through legislation and regulations, supervision and subsidies, and through its tenders. },
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Kremer, Monique and Went, Robert and Engbersen, Gotfried},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-78682-3},
  isbn = {9783030786816},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Better Work: The Impact of Automation, Flexibilization and Intensification of Work},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78682-3},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{baniamin2021lower,
  abstract = {Citizens' trust in public institutions is thought to indicate how public organizations are managed and how far they are successful. However, various survey responses (e.g., the World Values Survey, Afro-barometer, Asia-barometer, and the Governance and Trust Survey) show that there can be relatively high institutional trust despite relatively low performance and poor governance. Data from the Governance and Trust Survey 2 (GOT 2) indicate that some South Asian counties show a higher level of institutional trust compared to many developed countries characterized by a higher quality of governance and better-performing public institutions. Why the inconsistency? This chapter analyzes this trend in three South Asian countries. Based on GoT survey data and empirical studies---mainly Baniamin (2019a) and Baniamin et al. (2020)---the chapter tries to explain the inconsistent trend of inflated institutional trust in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Analyses of the data and the published studies indicate that an authoritarian cultural orientation among people in these three countries may contribute to their inflated trust in government institutions, despite the institutions' poor performance and weak governance on the whole.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Baniamin, Hasan Muhammad},
  booktitle = {Policy Response, Local Service Delivery, and Governance in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-66018-5_2},
  editor = {Jamil, Ishtiaq and Dhakal, Tek Nath and Haque, Sk Tawfique M. and Paudel, Laxmi Kanta and Baniamin, Hasan Muhammad},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-66018-5},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {25-53},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Lower Institutional Performance but Higher Institutional (Dis)Trust in South Asia: A Piece of Puzzle},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66018-5_2},
  year = 2021
}

@article{ringqvist2022union,
  abstract = {This article contributes to debates about trade unions and the environment by studying differences between union members and non-members when asked to prioritize between environmental protection and jobs and economic growth. Differences are explored in a multi-level framework based on European Values Study data from 2017, covering 22 European countries. The empirical results show that members are more pro-environmentally inclined than non-members. This is demonstrated to be attributable to a large extent to the fact that members tend to be more left-leaning politically, a disposition which tends to be associated positively with environmental concern. While those employed in transport and manufacturing generally are least likely to be willing to prioritize environmental protection, membership has the most pronounced positive effect in this group. The tendency for members to be more pro-environmentally inclined is consistent across the studied countries. The article also shows that both members and non-members in countries with higher collective bargaining coverage tend to be more pro-environmentally inclined. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of the political nature of collective interest representation with which unions are concerned, broader debates about union renewal and the importance of unions in garnering workers? support for a greener economy.},
  author = {Ringqvist, Josef},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1111/bjir.12654},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {00071080},
  journal = {British Journal of Industrial Relations},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {662-682},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Union membership and the willingness to prioritize environmental protection above growth and jobs: A multi-level analysis covering 22 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12654},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2022
}

@article{danilov2021youth,
  abstract = {The article considers the transformation of basic values, life plans and behavioral strategies of the youth in contemporary Belarus. The changes in basic values are directly connected with the youth’s adaptation to the conditions of global instability. The new generation is sensitive to social injustice, violations of rights and freedoms, unwillingness to take into account their opinions on current issues of social development and the future. The self-perception of people regarding the possibility to realize basic values in the current social-economic conditions is an important factor of social stability. In both 1990 and 2018, family holds the first place among the basic values in Belarus; work takes the second place as a factor of decent life and family’s success; the importance of friends and leisure remains the same over the decades, while the importance of politics and religion grows. International comparisons show that Belarus has the same hierarchy of values as European countries. The surveys prove a decrease in popularity of the traditional media among the youth and an increase in individualism, importance of personal self-realization in family and at work, and in reliance on one’s own forces. In the public space, the needs and expectations of people have changed - there is an increase in political radicalization and critical perception of the most important events, which affects the behavioral patterns of social-demographic groups. Education together with the family and new information technologies have a significant impact on values - there is an intragenerational gap, alienation from society and increasing informatization. The article is based on the results of the sociological surveys conducted in the framework of the European Values Study (EVS) (the results of 1990 and 2018 are compared).},
  author = {Danilov, A.N. and Rotman, D.G.},
  doi = {10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-469-481},
  journal = {RUDN Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {469-481},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The youth of contemporary Belarus: Basic values, life plans and behavioral strategies (Молодежь современной Беларуси: базовые ценности, жизненные планы и поведенческие стратегии)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-469-481},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2021
}

@article{lancaster2022value,
  abstract = {The sociocultural divide in Western Europe is increasingly focused on issues of national identity, namely immigration. It is commonly assumed that opponents of immigration also exhibit conservatism on other sociocultural issues. Yet recent research suggests that general social conservatism is declining in the region. Do immigration attitudes fit squarely into the sociocultural dimension? Using survey data from eleven West European countries, as well as a Dutch household panel from 2007–2019, this study finds that gender attitudes, a key sociocultural issue, are subject to change through both cohort and life cycle effects, while immigration attitudes are stable over the course of the panel and exhibit little variation across cohorts. Immigration attitudes also appear to be immune to period effects resulting from the 2015 refugee crisis. Further, those born during and after the ‘post-materialist revolution’ have weakened associations between these two attitudes, while older individuals' attitudes are strongly correlated. The combination of gender egalitarianism and anti-immigrant sentiment may become increasingly common as acceptance of the former spreads, while immigration remains a hotly contested issue.},
  author = {Lancaster, Caroline Marie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1017/S0007123420000526},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Value Shift: Immigration Attitudes and the Sociocultural Divide},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123420000526},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2022
}

@article{dargent2021catholics,
  abstract = {Ever since they have existed, studies have shown a link between religious affiliation and political behavior. However, the basis for this link is a social science blind spot. This article will therefore focus on the relationships between four poles: religious affiliation, political, moral, and economic attitudes. According to the EVS data, Catholics, Muslims, and the “no religion” group continue to express very different political attitudes in France today. These differences are not reducible to the peculiarities of the social affiliations of their members, nor to their possible migratory origin. And the opposing political attitudes of Catholics and the “no religion” turn out to be only partly due to the cultural attitudes associated with them, in the economic sphere and even more so in the moral sphere.},
  author = {Dargent, Claude},
  doi = {10.1057/s41253-020-00138-2},
  issn = {14763427},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {250-280},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Catholics, Muslims and the “nones”: old and new cultural and political divides},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-020-00138-2},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kim2021,
  abstract = {This study takes a cultural approach to the low marriage rate and fertility rate in Korea by measuring objective and attitude/value indices separately related to the marriage and childbearing, and examines the characteristics of the second demographic change in Korea compared to Europe. Using OECD family database data for objective index and European Values Study (EVS) data and Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) data for attitude/value index, we investigate how the Second Demographic transition occurs in Korea. While European countries with high attitude/value index have similarly high objective index and some European countries with low attitude/value index also have low objective index, Korea with the lowest attitude/value index have significantly high objective index, showing a different trend from the second demographic transition in Europe. Women in their 20s do not deny the institutional value of family despite being in the group with the highest attitude/value index, so they have individualistic but familial attitude. This study contributes to the literature by revealing the characteristics of the second demographic transition in Korea through measuring objective and attitude/value indices separately and conducting a comparative study with Europe.},
  author = {Kim, 김은지 Eunji and Park, 박지은 Jieun and Kim, 김영미 Youngmi},
  doi = {10.31502/SSRI.52.2.9},
  issn = {12253529},
  journal = {사회과학논집},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {187-207},
  title = {한국 제2차 인구변천의 특징 : 객관적 지수와 태도/가치관 지수 간의 불일치를 중심으로},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31502/SSRI.52.2.9},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2021
}

@article{rigby2021covid19,
  abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic hit the developed world differentially due to accidental factors, and countries had to respond rapidly within existing resources, structures, and processes to manage totally new health challenges. This study aimed to identify which pre-existing structural factors facilitated better outcomes despite different starting points, as understanding of the relative impact of structural aspects should facilitate achieving optimal forward progress.   Methods Desk study, based on selecting and collecting a range of measures for 48 representative characteristics of 42 countries’ demography, society, health system, and policy-making profiles, matched to three pandemic time points. Different analytic approaches were employed including correlation, multiple regression, and cluster analysis in order to seek triangulation.   Findings Population structure (except country size), and volume and nature of health resources, had only minor links to Covid impact. Depth of social inequality, poverty, population age structure, and strength of preventive health measures unexpectedly had no moderating effect. Strongest measured influences were population current enrolment in tertiary education, and country leaders’ strength of seeking scientific evidence. The representativeness, and by interpretation the empathy, of government leadership also had positive effects.   Conclusion Strength of therapeutic health system, and indeed of preventive health services, surprisingly had little correlation with impact of the pandemic in the first nine months measured in death- or case-rates. However, specific political system features, including proportional representation electoral systems, and absence of a strong single party majority, were consistent features of the most successful national responses, as was being of a small or moderate population size, and with tertiary education facilitated. It can be interpreted that the way a country was lead, and whether leadership sought evidence and shared the reasoning behind resultant policies, had notable effects. This has significant implications within health system development and in promoting the population’s health.},
  author = {Rigby, Michael J. and Zdunek, Kinga and Pecoraro, Fabrizio and Cellini, Marco and Luzi, Daniela},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0257757},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1-26},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {When Covid-19 first struck: Analysis of the influence of structural characteristics of countries - technocracy is strengthened by open democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257757},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kitsnik2020shaping,
  abstract = {For decades, economically developed post-industrial countries have experienced major institutional and structural transformations. Since the 1970s, the stagnation and retrenchment of the welfare state has contributed to the disruption of the social fabric. A growing share of the population is now experiencing stagnating wages, job insecurity, and wealth inequalities. However, these trends have not resulted in equal growth in demand for more socio-economic equality and wider redistribution of resources. This study analyses 2 waves of Integrated Values Survey longitudinal data: 1989-1993 (N = 18, 028) and 2005-2009 (N = 23, 248), and explores the changes in attitudes toward the unequal distribution of income in 10 OECD countries. The paper examines how age and self-interest explain people’s attitudes toward unequal income distribution. The findings conclude that while the overall level of support for more equal income distribution increased between the years 1989-1993 and 2005-2009, self-interest plays an important role in explaining public opinion on the normative attitudes toward income distribution. Fixed-effects models with country-fixed effects show that individuals’ self-interest explains attitudes toward income inequality better than age. Contrary to expectations, the attitudes of medium- and high-income earners do not align. However, compared to low-income earners, medium- and high-income earners are less in favour of more equality in income distribution. It is noteworthy that individuals who are employed full-time, part-time, and those who are not employed, all express similar levels of support for more equal incomes, while individuals who are self-employed are least supportive of increased equality in income distribution.},
  author = {Kitsnik, Joanna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {京都社会学年報 : KJS},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {149-173},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Shaping Stances in Post-Industrial Societies: Two Decades of Change in Attitudes Towards Unequal Income Distribution},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2433/262667},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2020
}

@inproceedings{iakimova2020perseption,
  abstract = {Over the past decades, Russian Federation has recorded a high level of xenophobia among its population. In this study, we compare the dynamics of attitudes toward immigrants in Russian Federation and Germany – the country which has been the leader in accepting foreign migrants in Europe since the middle of the XX century. Utilizing the theoretical frame of the concept of intergroup threat and data from the European values survey, we draw conclusions about fundamental differences a) in the dynamics of attitudes towards immigrants in the two countries, and b) in the perception of immigrants as intergroup threat, not only between tolerant and intolerant respondents, but also within these groups, if they consist of people belonging to different national and cultural contexts.},
  address = {Москва},
  author = {Iakimova, Olga},
  booktitle = {Социология и общество: традиции и инновации в социальном развитии регионов: СБОРНИК ДОКЛАДОВ VI ВСЕРОССИЙСКОГО СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОНГРЕССА, 2020, Москва},
  doi = {10.19181/kongress.2020.190},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {1556-1561},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Perseption of immigrants as a threat in Russian Federation and Germany: evidance from the european values study 2017 (Восприятие иммигрантов как угрозы в России и Германии: анализ результатов европейского исследования ценностей 2017)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.19181/kongress.2020.190},
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{martinangeli2020institutional,
  abstract = {Social trust is a crucial ingredient for successful collective action. What causes social trust to develop, however, remains poorly understood. The quality of political institutions has been proposed as a candidate driver and has been shown to correlate with social trust. We show that this relationship is causal. We begin by documenting a positive correlation between quality of institutions, measured by embezzlement, and social trust using survey data. We then take the investigation to the laboratory: We ﬁrst exogenously expose subjects to diﬀerent levels of institutional quality in an environment mimicking public administration embezzlement. We then measure social trust among the participants using a trust game. Coherent with our survey evidence, individuals exposed to low institutional quality trust signiﬁcantly less.},
  address = {München},
  author = {Martinangeli, Andrea F. M. and Povitkina, Marina and Jagers, Sverker C. and Rothstein, Bo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  institution = {Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2020-04},
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Institutional Quality Causes Social Trust: Evidence from Survey and Experimental Data on Trusting Under the Shadow of Doubt},
  url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3731331},
  year = 2020
}

@article{koops2021socioeconomic,
  abstract = {The study focuses on understanding the association between parental socio-economic status (SES) and the likelihood of women experiencing a first birth while single, and identifying societal factors that influence this association in 18 North American and European societies. Previous research has shown that single motherhood occurs disproportionately among those from with lower a lower parental SES. The study assesses whether this is caused by parental SES differences in the risk of single women experiencing a first conception leading to a live birth or by parental SES differences in how likely women are to enter a union during pregnancy. Additionally, an assessment is made of whether cross-national differences in these associations can be explained by a country’s access to family planning, norms regarding family formation, and economic inequality. Across countries, a negative gradient of parental SES was found on the likelihood of single women to experience a first pregnancy. The negative gradient was stronger in countries with better access to family planning. In some countries, the negative gradient of parental SES was aggravated during pregnancy because women from lower parental SES were less likely to enter a union. This was mostly found in societies with less conservative norms regarding marriage. The results suggest that certain developments in Western societies may increase socio-economic differentials in family demography.},
  author = {Koops, Judith C. and Liefbroer, Aart C. and Gauthier, Anne H.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/s10680-021-09591-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {15729885},
  journal = {European Journal of Population},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {825-849},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Socio-Economic Differences in the Prevalence of Single Motherhood in North America and Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-021-09591-3},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2021
}

@book{livny2020trust,
  abstract = {In much of the Muslim world, Islamic political and economic movements appear to have a comparative advantage. Relative to similar secular groups, they are better able to mobilize supporters and sustain their cooperation long-term. Nowhere is this more apparent than in Turkey, a historically secular country that has experienced a sharp rise in Islamic-based political and economic activity. Drawing on rich data sources and econometric methods, Avital Livny challenges existing explanations - such as personal faith - for the success of these movements. Instead, Livny shows that the Islamic advantage is rooted in feelings of trust among individuals with a shared, religious group-identity. This group-based trust serves as an effective substitute for more generalized feelings of interpersonal trust, which are largely absent in many Muslim-plurality countries. The book presents a new argument for conceptualizing religion as both a personal belief system and collective identity.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Livny, Avital},
  doi = {10.1017/9781108751667},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  isbn = {9781108485524},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Trust and the Islamic Advantage: Religious-Based Movements in Turkey and the Muslim World},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108751667},
  year = 2020
}

@article{dluhosch2021perceptions,
  abstract = {Many countries in the Western hemisphere are experiencing a political backlash against globalization. When explaining this phenomenon, much of the extant research draws on the distributional effects of international competition, in particular the opposition to trade by those who are adversely affected. Using cross-sectional data on subjective well-being from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study and combing these self-reports with trade and incomes data, this paper contributes to this strand of research by focusing on the subjective element in the formation of anti-trade sentiments. It thus explores how the role of international trade in the income distribution is being perceived at the individual level. Simulations based on the data reveal that matters of income inequality are evaluated differently, depending on how deeply the respective economy is integrated into world markets: results suggest that the extent of trade globalization amplifies any negative effect of income inequality on subjective well-being. If the role of international openness in the income distribution is perceived to be more pronounced than it actually is, the subjective element has wider politico-economic implications; it carries the risk of costly anti-trade policies without necessarily narrowing the income distribution.},
  author = {Dluhosch, Barbara},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1007/s43546-021-00171-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {26629399},
  journal = {SN Business & Economics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The role of perceptions about trade and inequality in the backlash against globalization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-021-00171-5},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2021
}

@article{sawicka2021survival,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes the meanings attributed to work in contemporary Polish society in the context of Inglehart and Welzel’s claim regarding the passage from survival to self-expression values. Research has documented a systematic decline in the position of work on the list of the most important values. However, work is also documented as being of fundamental importance for identity, self-esteem, and the delimitation of social categories. The authors offer a mixed-methods approach to the issue of work. Based on quantitative data gathered through the EVS, they place Poland in the context of European trends pertaining to the significance and centrality of work. Using qualitative evidence, the authors identify and reconstruct the key social representations employed to think about and discuss work-related issues. In conclusion, they point to structural elements of the social imaginary of work that result in the coexistence of different (often contradictory) perceptions of this sphere of social life.},
  author = {Sawicka, Maja and Karlińska, Agnieszka},
  doi = {10.26412/psr214.04},
  issn = {1231-1413},
  journal = {Polish Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {199-220},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Survival or Self-Actualization? Meanings of Work in Contemporary Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26412/psr214.04},
  volume = 214,
  year = 2021
}

@article{wojcik2021right,
  abstract = {Left-right political auto-identification has been used widely in socio-political research to interpret and organize political attitudes and opinions. In this paper we analyse whether the meaning of left-right orientation is the same in Eastern Europe and Western Europe. Using data from two big European survey programmes, European Social Survey and European Values Study, we show that while citizens’ support for economic liberalism is positively related to their left-right political auto-identification, their support for cultural liberalism is negatively related. More importantly, we also present evidence for the regional diversity hypothesis, which shows that this pattern was more prominent among citizens of Western European countries those of Eastern European countries. The results confirm the specificity of Eastern Europe when it comes to relationships between political auto-identification and other beliefs that are traditionally linked, implying that the concept of left-right political auto-identification cannot be transferred mechanically between Eastern Europe and Western Europe.},
  author = {Wojcik, Adrian Dominik and Cislak, Aleksandra and Schmidt, Peter},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/03623319.2021.1986320},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {The Social Science Journal},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1094-1110},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {‘The left is right’: Left and right political orientation across Eastern and Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2021.1986320},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2025
}

@article{dauksaite2021postsoviet,
  abstract = {The existing discourse on leftist movements in post-Soviet countries characterizes them as weak and isolated. This research analyzes the case of Lithuania, which has had parliamentary left parties since the democratic transition. Despite this, a new leftist movement recently began to emerge. Therefore, I answer the question, how can we explain the emergence of new leftist political groups in the context of a continued prominence and authority of the “old” left in the Lithuanian government? I analyze the case on several levels. The macro-level analysis is based on the European Value Study (EVS) 3rd pre-release of 2017 data, while for meso/micro-level analysis I conducted 8 interviews with the members of the new leftist movement. The research reveals that a precarious society was formed by those who lost out in the democratic transition. The opportunity for the leftist movement to arise was due to a sense of disappointment stimulated by the long-lasting inefficiency of political parties and their inability to deal with precarious conditions in the country. The new leftist movement was formed recently because of the frustrations of the first post-Soviet generation, rising from the discrepancy between dominating class-based capitalist politics and social issues, including identity politics, which stimulated the search for alternative explanations of the socio-economic structure. Moreover, because of the nature of this generation, the new leftist movement is dual -- an anti-austerity-care movement, fighting not only for the improvement of the precarious conditions they are facing but also taking care of the most vulnerable ones and thus creating a more inclusive and equal democracy.},
  author = {Dauksaite, Laura},
  doi = {10.20897/jcasc/11121},
  journal = {Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-16},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Post-Soviet Civil Society in Transition: Leftist Social Movements in Lithuania},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20897/jcasc/11121},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2021
}

@mastersthesis{andersenengen2020uformelt,
  abstract = {Informal work is a global phenomena with extensive economical, social and political implications, affecting a large number of individuals worldwide. Unregistered economic activities are especially prominent in post-soviet baltic countries. Previous studies have highlighted macro-level structural determinants to explain the extent of informal work, with insufficient emphasize on the importance of researching attitudinal aspects of the informal economy. The aim of this study is to contribute to the research field by examining the effects of institutional trust on baltic citizens acceptability of informal work. The objective is to provide a deeper understanding of what influences baltic citizens to choose to work informally. The empirical data used in this study was collected from a sample of citizens from the baltic countries Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Russia in a 2008 survey. The widespread acceptability of informal work in these five countries is proposed to result from the distance, asymmetry or clash between formal and informal institutions. Using a multiple regression analysis, and controlling for the variables age, gender and democratic satisfaction, the results reveal that perceived institutional trust has a significant effect on baltic citizens acceptability of informal work. This shows that citizens attitudes towards institutions affect their attitudes towards the informal economy. },
  address = {Göteburg},
  author = {Andersen Engen, Vilde},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.10985 ; 10.4232/1.12577 ; 10.4232/1.13541},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA4561 v2.1.0 ; ZA5688 v6.0.0 ; ZA7579 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 38,
  school = {Göteborgs Universitet},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EB67.3 ; EB79.2 ; EB92.1},
  title = {Uformelt Sikkerhetsnett? En kvantitativ studie om baltiske medborgeres aksept for uformelt arbeid},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2077/64883},
  year = 2020
}

@article{tiaynenqadir2021negotiations,
  abstract = {This article explores how two seemingly contradictory global trends&mdash;scientific rationality and religious expressiveness&mdash;intersect and are negotiated in people&rsquo;s lives in Nordic countries. We focus on Finland and Sweden, both countries with reputations of being highly secular and modernized welfare states. The article draws on our multi-sited ethnography in Finland and Sweden, including interviews with health practitioners, academics, and students identifying as Lutheran, Orthodox, Muslim, or anthroposophic. Building on new institutionalist World Society Theory, the article asks whether individuals perceive any conflict at the intersection of &ldquo;science&rdquo; and &ldquo;religion&rdquo;, and how they negotiate such a relationship while working or studying in universities and health clinics, prime sites of global secularism and scientific rationality. Our findings attest to people&rsquo;s creative artistry while managing their religious identifications in a secular, Nordic, organizational culture in which religion is often constructed as old-fashioned or irrelevant. We identify and discuss three widespread modes of negotiation by which people discursively manage and account for the relationship between science and religion in their working space: segregation, estrangement, and incorporation. Such surprising similarities point to the effects of global institutionalized secularism and scientific rationality that shape the negotiation of people&rsquo;s religious and spiritual identities, while also illustrating how local context must be factored into future, empirical research on discourses of science and religion.},
  article-number = {45},
  author = {Tiaynen-Qadir, Tatiana and Qadir, Ali and Vuolanto, Pia and Hansen, Petteri},
  doi = {10.3390/rel12010045},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {2077-1444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Negotiations of Science and Religion in Nordic Institutions: An Ethnographic Approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12010045},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@article{forse2021consensus,
  abstract = {The literature on distributive justice has established that individuals judge whether or not social goods are distributed justly primarily on three criteria: guaranteeing basic needs for all, recognizing individual merit, and reducing (income) inequality. A recent study byMichel Forsé and Maxime Parodi(2006) has shown that the three criteria of justice are not incompatible but complementary. They can be combined to form particular hierarchical orders in order to measure the consensus. Yet, no empirical consensus exists without dissension. What needs to be studied is what the different hierarchical orderings of the principles of justice reveal about dissension regarding distributive justice. We aim at objectifying the dissension by developing “justice profiles” which correspond to the different ways of articulating the criteria of justice. The results of our analysis of the European Values Study support the usefulness of justice profiles as an analytical concept to measure both consensus and dissension regarding distributive justice. Furthermore, a principal component analysis shows that the moral reasoning that each justice profile demonstrates structures ideological and political beliefs in a highly coherent manner.},
  author = {Forsé, Michel and Lizotte, Mathieu},
  journal = {Sociologie},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 1,
  pages = {21-39},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Consensus et dissension des Français à l’égard de la justice distributive},
  url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-sociologie-2021-1-page-21.htm},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@article{lomazzi2021compare,
  abstract = {Although measurement invariance is widely considered a precondition for meaningful cross-sectional comparisons, substantive studies have often neglected evaluating this assumption, thereby risking drawing conclusions and making theoretical generalizations based on misleading results. This study offers a theoretical overview of the key issues concerning the measurement and the comparison of socio-political values and aims to answer the questions of what must be evaluated, why, when, and how to assess measurement equivalence. This paper discusses the implications of formative and reflective approaches to the measurement of socio-political values and introduces challenges in their comparison across different countries. From this perspective, exact and approximate approaches to equivalence are described as well as their empirical translation in statistical techniques, such as the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) and the frequentist alignment method. To illustrate the application of these methods, the study investigates the construct of solidarity as measured by European Values Study (EVS) and using data collected in 34 countries in the last wave of the EVS (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">2017–2020</xref>). The concept is captured through a battery of nine items reflecting three dimensions of solidarity: social, local, and global. Two measurement models are hypothesized: a first-order factor model, in which the three independent dimensions of solidarity are correlated, and a second-order factor model, in which solidarity is conceived according to a hierarchical principle, and the construct of solidarity is reflected in the three sub-factors. In testing the equivalence of the first-order factor model, the results of the MGCFA indicated that metric invariance was achieved. The alignment method supported approximate equivalence only when the model was reduced to two factors, excluding global solidarity. The second-order factor model fit the data of only seven countries, in which this model could be used to study solidarity as a second-order concept. However, the comparison across countries resulted not appropriate at any level of invariance. Finally, the implications of these results for further substantive research are discussed.},
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2021.641698},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2673-3145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Can We Compare Solidarity Across Europe? What, Why, When, and How to Assess Exact and Approximate Equivalence of First- and Second-Order Factor Models},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.641698},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2021
}

@article{ennserjedenastik2021drives,
  abstract = {Left-right partisan conflict has been a key driver of welfare state expansion and retrenchment over time and across countries. Yet, we know very little about how left-right differences in party appeals vary across social policy domains. Why are some issues contentious while there is broad consensus on others? This paper starts from the simple premise that partisan conflict is a function of how popular a certain policy is. Based on this assumption, it argues that the left-right gap should be (1) larger for revenue-side issues than for expenditure-side issues, (2) larger for policies targeted at groups that are viewed as less deserving and (3) larger for more redistributive programs than less redistributive ones (e.g. means-tested versus earnings-related benefits). These expectations are tested on fine-grained policy data coded from 65 Austrian party manifestos issued between 1970 and 2017 (N = 18,219). The analysis strongly supports the revenue–expenditure hypothesis and the deservingness hypothesis, but not the redistribution hypothesis.},
  author = {Ennser-Jedenastik, Laurenz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1017/S0143814X20000240},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Public Policy},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {731-751},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {What drives partisan conflict and consensus on welfare state issues?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X20000240},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2021
}

@article{wuttke2022europeans,
  abstract = {Democracies without democrats are not sustainable. Yet, recent studies have argued that Western citizens are turning their backs on the system of self-governance, thereby eroding the societal foundations of consolidated democracies. This study contributes to discussions about citizen support of democracy by (1) analyzing new cross-national survey data in 18 European countries that facilitate assessments of the temporal and geographical generalizability of previous findings, (2) disentangling age, cohort and period effects, thereby aligning the analytical methods with the theoretical arguments and (3) transparently reporting all evidence derived from pre-registered analyses to avoid cherry-picked findings. The findings show that citizens of consolidated democracies continue to endorse self-governance. Yet in some (but not all) countries, there is evidence of a growing number of ‘democrats in name only’, particularly among the young generation. These findings suggest a second phase in research on democratic fatigue that broadens the analytical scope for the multi-faceted nature of democratic support.},
  author = {Wuttke, Alexander and Gavras, Konstantin and Schoen, Harald},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1017/S0007123420000149},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {416-428},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Have Europeans Grown Tired of Democracy? New Evidence from Eighteen Consolidated Democracies, 1981–2018},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123420000149},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2022
}

@article{erhardt2021national,
  abstract = {Recognizing democratic backsliding and increasing support for authoritarianism, research on public preferences for democracy and its authoritarian alternatives has gained traction. Moving beyond the extant focus on economic determinants, our analysis examines the effect of national identity, demonstrating that it is a double-edged sword for regime preferences. Using recent European Values Survey data on 24 European countries from 2017 to 2018, we show that civic national identity is associated with a higher support for democracy and lower support for authoritarian regimes, whereas the reverse holds for ethnic identities. Further, economic hardship moderates these relationships: it strengthens both the negative effect of ethnic national identities and, to some extent, the positive effect of civic national identities on democracy support vis-à-vis authoritarian alternatives. This has important implications for the survival of democracy in times of crises and the study of a cultural backlash, since social identity matters substantively for individuals’ responses to economic hardship.},
  author = {Erhardt, Julian and Wamsler, Steffen and Freitag, Markus},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755773920000351},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {59-76},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {National identity between democracy and autocracy: a comparative analysis of 24 countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1755773920000351},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2021
}

@article{gouveamaciel2021about,
  abstract = {Cross-national survey data shows that for a significant share of European citizens, corruption is acceptable. Notwithstanding the importance of prior knowledge on corruption extension and experience, research has made little progress in exploring why people condone it, especially in unsuspicious countries, with effective institutions and stable democratic rules and processes. The present study examines this gap in the literature by assessing the European Values Study (EVS) and the Special Eurobarometer (EB) attempts at measuring ‘Tolerance towards Corruption’ (TtC) in OECD countries in Europe during the same period (2017–2019). In the end, measurements proved to be constrained by the limited number of questions/items that try to capture TtC, which gave room to conclude that: (a) EVS and EB approaches do not measure the same TtC. The first measures it through social transgressions not exclusively related to corruption, while the second measures the willingness to accept a public-office corruption when dealing with the public sphere. (b) Lower ages combined with individual preferences/perceptions of less satisfaction with life, widespread corruption, and prior experiences with corruption proved to be more relevant to explain TtC, regardless of the country in which individuals were surveyed. (c) The type of TtC citizens display in advanced democracies proved to be mainly contingent on their age and on the way they interpret the extension of corruption and the prior contact they had with a public-office corruption in a given society.},
  author = {Gouvêa Maciel, Gustavo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13005 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-021-02690-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA6927 v1.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0303-8300},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1131-1153},
  study-id = {EB88.2 ; EVS2017},
  title = {What we (don't) know so far about tolerance towards corruption in european democracies: Measurement approaches, determinants, and types},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02690-y},
  volume = 157,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{sarracino2021economic,
  abstract = {Recent studies suggest that economic growth and well-being can grow together in the long run in presence of generous social safety nets, increasing social capital and declining income inequality. We put these conditions to a test in an attempt to explain the absence of a relation between economic growth and well-being in Luxembourg. To this aim we apply an error correction model to a panel of 15 Western European countries, and we use the results to predict life satisfaction in Luxembourg between 1991 and 2015. We find that the flat trend of life satisfaction in Luxembourg is likely the result of four forces acting in opposite directions. This suggests that the available list of moderating conditions – although not exhaustive – is a promising starting point to design new policies to durably improve well-being.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Sarracino, Francesco and O’Connor, Kelsey J.},
  booktitle = {A Modern Guide to the Economics of Happiness},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.4337/9781788978767.00018},
  editor = {Bruni, Luigino and Smerilli, Alessandra and Rosa, Dalila De},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {162–188},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar},
  study = {Eurobarometer 1986 ; Eurobarometer 2004 ; Eurobarometer 2009 ; Eurobarometer 2010 ; Eurobarometer 2014},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Economic growth and well-being beyond the Easterlin paradox},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788978767.00018},
  year = 2021
}

@article{rydzewski2021between,
  abstract = {The article presents the results of data analyses based on the European Values Study surveys (2017-2020) conducted in 34 European countries, in relation to attitudes towards environmental protection. It is underlined, that personal motivations influence also real possibilities of introducing environmental technologies. The article describes environmental attitudes in the perspective of almost the entire European continent, as well as the differences in these attitudes across individual countries and regions of Europe. It is noted that environmental attitudes vary significantly depending on how the problem is defined – in a macro-social vs. micro-social perspective. It has implications also for environmental engineering, since it is not enough to prepare a good technology, but it is also important to convince people to use it. },
  author = {Rydzewski, Paweł},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Conservation Science},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {Special Issue 1},
  pages = {781-792},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Between Environmental Protection and Technology: Europeans’ Ecological Attitudes},
  url = {http://ijcs.ro/public/IJCS-21-58_Rydzewski.pdf},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@article{crulli2022turning,
  abstract = {This paper questions the thesis that transformations in European politics after the financial, eurozone, and migrant crises have been led by populist radical right (PRR) and left (PRL) parties and attitudes in Northwestern (NWE) and Southern (SE) Europe, respectively. Contrary to most of the literature, we claim that, although the populist radical left has grown in SE, the more significant outcome of the crises has been to push PRR parties to a similar (high) consensus in SE and NWE. We also argue that the crises facilitated the growth of PRR forces in SE more than NWE. To test this perspective, we analysed elections and citizens' orientations towards the key issues of populism - immigration, European integration, "authoritarianism versus liberal democracy" and "state versus market" - in five NWE and four SE countries. Findings show that during the "long crisis decade" (2008-2019) there has been an alignment on right-wing populism between European regions.},
  author = {Crulli, Mirko and Viviani, Lorenzo},
  doi = {10.1285/i20356609v15i2p482},
  journal = {Partecipazione e Conflitto},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {482-499},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Turning to the right? The impact of the “long crisis decade” (2008-2019) on right-wing populist vote and attitudes in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v15i2p482},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2022
}

@article{pavlyutkin2020dynamics,
  abstract = {The article analyzes the data collected in four regular sociological surveys (RLMS HSE, The European Social Survey, The European Values Study and Levada Center) in order to assess the dynamics of various indicators of religiousness of young people in Russia. These indicators include subjective assessment of one's own religious belief, religious affiliation, church attendance, and religious socialization. A comparison of tools (question statement, filters) on religiosity criteria is made to determine whether different methods of questioning can lead to different assessment results. In part, we argue that this effect of filtering questions can be found in different assessments of the level of affiliated believers. Comparative data analysis generally shows a slow decline in the proportion of young people with Orthodox affiliation, although there is no similar change in the subjective assessment of religiosity. At the same time, over the past 20 years, assessments of engagement in religious practices and socialization have revealed an increasing process of differentiation of faith groups among young people. The proportion of those who have never attended a religious service among young people has declined significantly due to an increase in the proportion of parishioners on holidays and those who attend services frequently. In general, we conclude that it is possible to discuss the structural changes in the religious landscape that manifest themselves in the differentiation between Orthodox and socialized groups of believers.},
  author = {Pavlyutkin, Ivan V.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.18413/2408-9338-2020-6-3-0-10},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Research Result. Sociology and management},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {153-183},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Динамика религиозности молодежи в россии (Dynamics of religious commitments of young people in Russia)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2408-9338-2020-6-3-0-10},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2020
}

@article{praprotnik2020discontent,
  abstract = {Despite the rich variety of entertainment in Western European countries, some people choose to spend their limited spare time participating in the democratic process. They not only go to the polls at election time, but also sign political petitions, take part in legal demonstrations, contact politicians and participate online. These people’s actions are relevant to their democratic systems so this paper aims to provide a better understanding of their participation. We present new evidence from a large-scale survey in Austria. In our analysis, we examine a new concept of feeling discontented, we focus on individuals’ perceptions of how society is developing in relation their own situation, and argue that these judgements drive their participation. We find that a feeling of discontent has a positive effect on participation, as do internal efficacy and social capital. However, discontented people with high levels of external efficacy tend to participate less.},
  author = {Praprotnik, Katrin and Perlot, Flooh},
  doi = {10.1515/humaff-2020-0038},
  issn = {1337-401X},
  journal = {Human Affairs},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {449-467},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Discontent as motivation: Why people engage with the democratic process},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2020-0038},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2020
}

@article{thurfjell2021muslims,
  abstract = {This article empirically explores the interplay between the secular, post-Lutheran majority culture and Muslim immigrants in Sweden. It presents the ambiguous role of religion in the country’s mainstream discourse, the othering of religion that is characteristic to this, and the expectations of Muslims to be strongly religious that follows as its consequence. Four results of a web-panel survey with Swedes of Muslim and Christian family background are then presented: (1) Both groups largely distance themselves from their own religious heritage – the Muslims do this in a more definite way; (2) the Muslim respondents have more secular values and identities than the Christians; (3) contrary expectations, Christian respondents show more affinity to their religious heritage than the Muslims do to theirs; and (4) the fusion between the groups is prominent. The article concludes that equating religious family heritage with religious identity is precipitous in the case of Swedish Muslims.},
  author = {Thurfjell, David and Willander, Erika},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1163/15685276-12341626},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Numen},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {307-335},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Muslims by Ascription: On Post-Lutheran Secularity and Muslim Immigrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341626},
  volume = 68,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{fix2021impact,
  address = {Corvallis},
  author = {Fix, Michael P. and Randazzo, Kirk A. and Martin, Ana R.},
  booktitle = {Open Judicial Politics},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  editor = {Solberg, Rorie Spill and Waltenburg, Eric},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {656-674},
  publisher = {Oregon State University},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Impact of Democratic Consolidation on Public Confidence in Courts},
  url = {https://open.oregonstate.education/open-judicial-politics/chapter/the-impact-of-democratic-consolidation/},
  year = 2021
}

@article{bein2021religiosity,
  abstract = {Research on the relationship between religiosity and fertility intentions revealed substantial cross-national differences. In some countries, a strong and positive effect of religiosity on fertility intentions was found, while in others, the effect was weaker or not significant, and the reasons underlying these cross-national differences are still unclear. The aim of this article is to explain these macro-level differences from the perspective of the prevailing gender regime. We argue that in countries with more traditional regimes, a stronger effect of religiosity on fertility intentions could be expected than in countries with a more egalitarian view. We make use of the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey and incorporate data from a total of 12 European countries in our analysis. We examine the influence of gender regime according to various macro-level indicators on gender attitudes and gender equality using meta-regression analyses. We also conduct robustness checks using other indicators such as the Gender Development Index. Our results reveal that the gender regime is only able to explain these differences in certain situations, specifically those relating to the long-term fertility intentions of men.},
  author = {Bein, Christoph and Gauthier, Anne H. and Mynarska, Monika},
  doi = {10.1007/s10680-020-09574-w},
  issn = {15729885},
  journal = {European Journal of Population},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {443–472},
  refid = {Bein2021},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religiosity and Fertility Intentions: Can the Gender Regime Explain Cross-Country Differences?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-020-09574-w},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{chytilek2021corrupt,
  abstract = {The chapter builds on the concepts of 'discriminatory legalism' and 'compensatory corruption', which together form the basis for the argument that populists approach corruption with double standards: an act by one of the mainstream political elite may be described as corrupt, but is tolerated when committed by one of the 'pure people' or their political representatives. It aims at answering following questions: Do the sympathisers of populist parties adopt double standards when it comes to corruption? In terms of their values, are sympathizers of populist parties more anti-elitist than sympathisers of other parties, but as far as individual level corruption is concerned, is the relationship less straightforward and perhaps corruption is even more tolerated as lived experience among populists? To answer that puzzle, we use the data about sympathisers of populist and mainstream parties from six Central European countries from European Values Study 2017 and show that there is indeed an elevated level of discriminatory legalism among populist supporters, compared to the mainstream parties supporters.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Chytilek, Roman},
  booktitle = {Populism and Corruption},
  doi = {10.4337/9781839109676.00011},
  editor = {Mendilow, Jonathan and Phélippeau, Éric},
  isbn = {9781839109669},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {57-86},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Corrupt elites, pure people and double standards? Attitudes of Central European populist and mainstream political party sympathisers to systemic and individual corruption},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109676.00011},
  year = 2021
}

@book{aichholzer2019vadis,
  abstract = {Was ist den Österreicherinnen und Österreichern in ihrem Leben wichtig? Wofür treten sie ein und woran glauben sie? Wie arbeiten sie, wie gestalten sie ihre Beziehungen, wie stehen sie zu Politik und Gesellschaft? »Quo vadis, Österreich?« ist ein Lesebuch über die österreichische Bevölkerung sowie zu deren Werthaltungen und Einstellungen in den Bereichen Arbeit, Familie, Religion, Politik und Demokratie, sozialer Zusammenhalt und Europa. Jeder dieser Bereiche wird von Expertenseite analysiert. Die Fakten hierfür liefert die »Europäische Wertestudie« (EVS), die seit 1990 umfassend erforscht, wie sich Österreich wandelt. Außerdem werden auf Basis der Ergebnisse mögliche Deutungen und Handlungsempfehlungen mittels einer »Arena-Analyse« diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse des Sammelbands sind Teil des Forschungsverbunds »Interdisziplinäre Werteforschung« an der Universität Wien. Sie richten sich an Wissenschaftler, Studierende, Pädagogen und alle Personen, die sich als Multiplikatoren und Entscheidungsträger verstehen, ebenso wie an die interessierte Öffentlichkeit.},
  address = {Wien},
  data-doi = {10.11587/C4YBOT},
  editor = {Aichholzer, Julian and Friesl, Christian and Hajdinjak, Sanja and Kritzinger, Sylvia},
  isbn = {9783707606652},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  lccn = {2019438337},
  publisher = {Czernin Verlag},
  study-id = {EVS1990-2018},
  title = {Quo vadis, Österreich? Wertewandel zwischen 1990 und 2018 (Quo vadis, Austria? Changing values between 1990 and 2018)},
  year = 2019
}

@article{nahkur2019pinker,
  abstract = {Interpersonal violence decreased and gender equality increased from 1991 to 2012 in nearly all of the 26 countries studied. After confirming the direction of change, as asserted by Pinker, we further specify how fast this change is. The lower violence becomes in a country, the harder it is to reduce it even more, and similarly for gender inequality. Apply the model of exponential approach to a limit. The world average Societal Index of Interpersonal Destructiveness (SIID, S) decreases over time as S=13.3 (e-0.0132(t-2001.5)-1), and Welzel’s gender equality (G) increases as G=1-0.378 e-0.0144(t-2001.5). The two are tightly related as G=1-0.120(S+12.6)0.466 (R2=.79 for logarithms). Sweden leads the world by many decades while Russia and Philippines lag the most.},
  author = {Nahkur, Oliver and Taagepera, Rein},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1163/15691330-12341494},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {148-172},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Was Pinker on the Right Track? The Speed of Recent Decline of Violence and Gender Inequality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341494},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2019
}

@article{castellanossantamaria2021between,
  abstract = {In 2020, Ecuadorian politics was not only constrained by the COVID-19 pandemic, but also stirred by political instability and an intense online electoral campaign. In this article, we outline the Ecuadorian economic, social, and political context from February 2020 to February 2021. Then, we explore the core measures and overall impacts of the COVID-19 on Ecuadorian politics. We also present the main institutional and policy changes, bearing in mind that 2020 was the last year of Lenín Moreno’s presidential term. In addition, this article examines the latest electoral reform and the main issues of the electoral campaign, as well as the key results of the national and Andean elections of February 2021.},
  author = {Castellanos Santamaría, Ana Sofía and Dandoy, Régis and Umpierrez de Reguero, Sebastián},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.4067/S0718-090X2021005000117},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {0718090X},
  journal = {Revista de ciencia política},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {321-351},
  study-id = {EVS/WVS2017-2021},
  title = {Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Ecuador During The COVID-19 Pandemic},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2021005000117 },
  volume = 41,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kim2022social,
  abstract = {Trust is the social glue that holds society together. The academic consensus is that trust is weaker among lower-class individuals and in unequal regions/countries, which is often considered a threat to a healthy society. However, existing studies are inconsistent and have two limitations: (i) variability in the measurement of social class and (ii) small numbers of higher level units (regions/countries). We addressed these problems using large-scale (cross-)national representative surveys (encompassing 560,000+ participants from 1,500+ regional/national units). Multilevel analysis led to two consistent sets of findings. First, the effects of social class on social trust were systematically positive, whereas the effects on institutional trust depended on the way social class was measured. Second, the effects of income inequality on social and institutional trust were systematically nonsignificant and smaller than the smallest negative effect of interest. Our findings suggest that researchers need to update their knowledge: social class—not income inequality—predicts trust.},
  author = {Kim, Youngju and Sommet, Nicolas and Na, Jinkyung and Spini, Dario},
  doi = {10.1177/1948550621999272},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550621999272},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4586},
  journal = {Social Psychological and Personality Science},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {186-198},
  study-id = {EVS1980-2016},
  title = {Social Class - Not Income Inequality - Predicts Social and Institutional Trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550621999272},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2022
}

@inproceedings{matejkova2020rodov,
  abstract = {Changing gender roles and the rise of paid jobs for women in the second half of the twentieth century affects not only the labour market but family life as well. The aim of the paper is to capture the differences in the opinions of men and women about the individual characteristics of work / job attributes . Two mechanisms are traditionally provided to explain gender-based differences in career preferences: a) different gender-based socialization creating a contrast between gender roles of men and women and b) the position of women in the labor market in the existing social structure. According to the model of gender socialization, men are considered to be the breadwinners, while the main role of women mostly refers to the care of children and household. Therefore, we expect that the characteristics that represent the material conditions will be of key importance for men. On the contrary, the most important characteristics for women will be the features enabling to combine work with family care related duties. The model of social structure expects the existing gender-based differences in the preferences of individual characteristics of work to reflect the differences between men and women in the labor market as well as their structural positions and their approach to the rewarding system in the workplace. Our analysis based on the European Values Study (waves 1991 - 2017) finds only minimal differences in job attribute preferences among men and women. The notion of women not willing to put as much effort into work as “the breadwinners” due to other priorities therefore seems to refer to a rather outdated gender stereotype.},
  address = {Trnava, Slowakei},
  author = {Matejková, Alexandra},
  booktitle = {Sociálne vedy z perspektívy mladých vedeckých pracovníkov IV},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.34135/svpmvpIV.191027},
  eventdate = {30.10.2019},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Rodové rozdiely v preferenciách jednotlivých atribútov práce od roku 1991},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.34135/svpmvpIV.191027},
  year = 2020
}

@article{bartolome2021valores,
  abstract = {La pandemia COVID-19, con la consiguiente situación de emergencia sanitaria, confinamiento y paralización de la actividad, ha supuesto una crisis de dimensiones no vividas antes por nuestra generación y consecuencias aún no identificables ni medibles. Los riesgos de crisis y catástrofes han aumentado como fruto de la tecnología, globalización y la injerencia del ser humano en el medio ambiente, generando una situación de riesgo e impredecibilidad sin precedentes. Cuando esto ocurre, se ejerce una importante presión sobre las estructuras de la sociedad y los sistemas de valores y normas, que se reajustan como consecuencia de esta alteración de las condiciones del entorno. Esta nota presenta los resultados preliminares de un estudio, a partir de ítems de la Encuesta Europea de Valores, realizada durante las semanas de confinamiento, sobre una serie de dominios de valores sensibles a sufrir reajustes fruto de la crisis y trauma colectivo en España. Los resultados muestran que algunos valores se reajustan a posiciones menos solidarias y más individualistas o una percepción de menor control sobre la vida, mientras que otros valores han mantenido la evolución de las últimas décadas, como las posiciones postmaterialistas crecientes o la preferencia por las garantías de los derechos individuales en detrimento de mayor seguridad y vigilancia.},
  author = {Bartolomé, Edurne and Coromina, Lluís and Dülmer, Hermann},
  doi = {10.21308/recp.55.06},
  journal = {Revista Española de Ciencia Política},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {other},
  number = 55,
  pages = {143-165},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Valores bajo presión: estudio preliminar sobre el cambio de valores ante la crisis de la COVID-19 en España},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.55.06},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{voicu2021schimbarea,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {193-197},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Schimbarea generațională ca motor al schimbării?},
  year = 2021
}

@book{forse2020juste,
  abstract = {Ce livre met empiriquement à l’épreuve l’hypothèse de John Rawls selon laquelle, dans nos sociétés modernes, chaque individu est doté d’un sens de la justice sociale, c’est-à-dire qu’il a « le désir efficace d’appliquer les principes de justice et d’agir selon eux ». Il démontre, en prenant appui sur de très nombreux cas étudiés grâce à des sondages représentatifs, que ce sens du juste est effectivement à l’œuvre dans des sociétés contemporaines, dont la France. Or, si l’on n’en tient pas compte, les pratiques ou les opinions des citoyens ne sont que très partiellement explicables. Qui plus est, en ignorant cette composante morale essentielle, nous sommes dans l’incapacité de comprendre ce qui fait réellement le ciment des sociétés libérales et démocratiques.},
  address = {Québec},
  author = {Forsé, Michel and Parodi, Maxime},
  isbn = {9791037002976},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Presses de l'Université Laval},
  study = {EVS1999 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2009},
  title = {Le Sens du juste: Enquête sur les représentations de la justice sociale},
  year = 2020
}

@article{siemienska2021attitudes,
  abstract = {The goal of the paper is to analyze how members of Polish society perceive young people (around 30 years of age) and old people (over 65), their social and cultural capital, their position in society, and the roles they should play in private and public life before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Polish society is aging and the birth rate is low. Analysis demonstrates that certain opinions about the old and young are common among Polish citizens and the factors that in other countries differentiate opinions in this regard do not do so in Poland. The image of older people is based on stereotypes. Young people in particular believe that seniors should not be active on the labor market or in politics but should provide informal help to the young generation in the private sphere. The young generation is more individualistically oriented, while older people are more concerned with the collective.},
  author = {Siemieńska, Renata},
  doi = {10.26412/psr214.07},
  issn = {1231-1413},
  journal = {Polish Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {261-276},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudes toward Young and Old People and Their Place in Poland’s Changing Society},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26412/psr214.07},
  volume = 214,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{comsa2021ideologia,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Comşa, Mircea},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {121-128},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS/WVS1993 ; EVS/WVS1998 ; EVS/WVS1999 ; EVS/WVS2005 ; EVS/WVS2008 ; EVS/WVS2018 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Ideologia electoratului român: între absență și (in)consistență},
  year = 2021
}

@article{jayet2021multidimensionnalit,
  abstract = {This article proposes to identify national variations in the role of four political attitudes in the construction of the left-right divide : economic interventionism, moral liberalism, acceptance of immigration, and environmental concern. Using data from the 2017 European Values Study (EVS) in 21 European Union countries, the article first shows the value of using this four-dimensional description of political attitudes rather than the usual two-dimensional description opposing economic and cultural liberalisms. It then shows how, depending on the country, each political attitude plays a different role in the construction of the left-right divide. In some countries, certain attitudes appear to be particularly dominant, i.e., they determine this divide almost on their own. Finally, the article highlights the complexity of the relations between political divides and social stratification : depending on the political attitude considered, a higher level of education is associated with a more right-wing or left-wing position.},
  author = {Jayet, Cyril},
  doi = {10.4000/ress.7833},
  journal = {Revue européenne des sciences sociales},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {69-105},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Multidimensionnalité et variabilité du clivage gauche-droite dans l’Union européenne},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/ress.7833},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2021
}

@article{valgardsson2022satisfaction,
  abstract = {Asking citizens ‘the way democracy works’ is the basis of a wide literature on the support citizens have for their political institutions, and is one of the most common survey items in political science. Moreover, it is a key indicator for the purported global decline in legitimacy. Yet, its trends, levels and dynamics are still debated, and conclusions may be erroneous. In this paper, we compile a unique global dataset between 1973 and 2018 encompassing all major cross-national datasets and national election studies in 12 countries to study the dynamics and consistency of SWD measures globally. Our results show that while trends and between-country differences in democratic satisfaction are largely similar, the levels of satisfaction vary substantially between survey projects, and both trends and levels vary significantly in several widely studied countries. We show that this has consequences at the individual level: opting for one survey over another may alter our conclusions about the relationship between key demographics and SWD. Thus, researchers studying SWD should endeavour to consult diverse survey sources and should be cautious about their conclusions when they do not, especially when it comes to making claims about changes in SWD over time.	},
  author = {Valgarðsson, Viktor Orri and Devine, Daniel},
  doi = {10.1177%2F10659129211009605},
  journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {576-590},
  study = {EVS1981; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2014 ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {What satisfaction with democracy? A global analysis of “satisfaction with democracy” measures},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F10659129211009605},
  volume = 75,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{halman2021religious,
  abstract = {This paper explores the relationships between values in the religious domain and values in other societal spheres. Starting from the general idea that the impact of religion on other domains in life has decreased, we assume 1) a differential impact of religion on the private and public domains; 2) that the impact varies between countries dependent upon the degree of secularization and the speed of secularization. Several more specific hypotheses concerning the interrelationships are developed and empirically tested using the data from the European Values Studies. The hypotheses are partially confirmed, but demonstrate that indeed the relationship between religion and the private domain (e.g., family) has developed differently from the relations between religion and the public areas.},
  address = {Leiden, Niederlande},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Pettersson, Thorleif and Verweij, Johan},
  booktitle = {New Directions in Quantitative Comparative Sociology},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004473362_009},
  editor = {Arts, Wil and Halman, Loek},
  isbn = {9789004473362},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {141-160},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990},
  title = {The Religious Factor in Contemporary Society: The Differential Impact of Religion on the Private and Public Sphere in Comparative Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004473362_009},
  year = 2021
}

@article{mosakova2021labor,
  abstract = {The article considers gender discrimination in the field of labor relations in the United Kingdom (UK) in the pre-covid period. In the past decades, the Western European countries have made the most significant progress in achieving gender equality in various fields, including labor relations, and became the world leader in this area. However, despite all the efforts of the international community, no country has achieved a full gender equality, and Great Britain is no exception. The authors argue that the British anti-discrimination legislation (before leaving the European Union) was based on international acts and conventions. For a long time, there were acts and laws prohibiting discrimination in the labor market, which seriously hindered the implementation of an effective anti-discrimination policy in the sphere of labor relations. It was not until 2010 that the law on equality was passed to replace all previous laws and regulations and to provide an exhaustive list of criteria for prohibiting discrimination. As a result, Great Britain began to develop a rather strict national anti-discrimination legislation in the field of labor relations. Thus, in the past decades, the UK has been achieving gender equality in the economic sphere at a faster pace than the average European Union country. The study shows a steady decline in the gender wage gap in the UK over the past two decades, which may be considered one of the country’s most significant achievements in fighting gender discrimination in the labor market. However, there is still a number of serious challenges: a relatively low female labor force participation and employment rate, a gender wage gap and income gap, horizontal and vertical segregation, a gender gap in postgraduate education, and a significant gender gap in time spent on family responsibilities. Age discrimination presents a special problem in the sphere of labor relations in Great Britain. In the European Union, the first laws prohibiting age discrimination were adopted only in the 2000s, and in the UK - in 2006. This problem still remains extremely acute for the labor market, since age discrimination in the UK ranks third among the most common grounds for discrimination - after gender and disability.},
  author = {Mosakova, E.A. and Kizilova, K.},
  doi = {10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-512-519},
  journal = {RUDN Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {512-519},
  study = {WVS/EVS2017-2020 ; WVS/EVS2018},
  title = {Labor market in the UK in digital era: The gender dimension},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-512-519},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2021
}

@book{field2021counting,
  abstract = {Counting Religion in Britain, 1970-2020, the fourth volume in the author's chronological history of British secularization, sheds significant new light on the nature, scale, and timing of religious change in Britain during the past half-century, with particular reference to quantitative sources. Adopting a key performance indicators approach, twenty-one facets of personal religious belonging, behaving, and believing are examined, offering a much wider range of lenses through which the health of religion can be viewed and appraised than most contemporary scholarship. Summative analysis of these indicators, by means of a secularization dashboard, leads to a reaffirmation of the validity of secularization (in its descriptive sense) as the dominant narrative and direction of travel since 1970, while acknowledging that it is an incomplete process and without endorsing all aspects of the paradigmatic expression of secularization as a by-product of modernization.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Field, Clive D.},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780192849328.001.0001},
  isbn = {9780192666024},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Counting Religion in Britain, 1970-2020: Secularization in Statistical Context},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849328.001.0001},
  year = 2021
}

@book{grigoredovlete2020recherche,
  abstract = {À la fin de l'année 1989, la Roumanie faisait son chemin vers la démocratie. Depuis, le pays connaît de nombreux changements, dont un renouveau religieux. Pourquoi la religion est-elle si présente en Roumanie postcommuniste ? Quels sont les impacts de cette présence accrue de la religion dans la société? C'est sur le terrain, dans des pèlerinages réalisés dans des monastères réputés pour leurs miracles, leurs confesseurs charismatiques et leurs reliques que l'auteure cherche des réponses à ces questions. En observant les croyances et les pratiques des pèlerines et des femmes au quotidien - et sans omettre la conduite des « porteurs de la religion officielle » -, le livre explore quatre thèmes qui constituent autant de facettes de la religion vécue: le sort, le charisme, la matérialité et les reliques. À travers ces thèmes, le livre brosse le tableau d'une religion quotidienne dans un contexte orthodoxe et propose une piste explicative sur le renouveau religieux en Roumanie après 1989, ainsi que des transformations sociales propres à la période postcommuniste.},
  address = {Ottawa},
  author = {Grigore-Dovlete, Monica},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10168},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4773 v1.1.0},
  isbn = {978-2760331839},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Les Presses de L'Universite d'Ottawa},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {À La Recherche de Miracles: Pèlerines, Religion Vécue Et La Roumanie Postcommuniste},
  year = 2020
}

@article{mandes2020clerical,
  abstract = {The analyses of Roman Catholic clerical sexual abuse in various countries show that several factors are important in the process of reforming the church, especially the essential responsibility to ensure the safety of victims.1 This is critical in the event the survivors are condemned by people in their immediate surroundings or disregarded by those in power. First, the literature calls for a cultural change toward non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which provide psychological and legal support to victims. They have an important role to play because one of their functions is to gather information on child sexual abuse.},
  author = {Mandes, Sławomir},
  doi = {10.1093/jcs/csz089},
  eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/jcs/article-pdf/62/1/110/32466837/csz089.pdf},
  issn = {0021-969X},
  journal = {Journal of Church and State},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {110-134},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Clerical Sexual Abuse in an Illiberal State: The Case of Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csz089},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2020
}

@article{andzans2020willingness,
  abstract = {This article addresses the question of willingness to defend one’s own country and a similar notion of resistance, should Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia be attacked. The study principally relies on quantitative data from a dedicated nationally representative survey across all three countries. The data acquired thereof reaffirm findings from previous studies concluding that the highest level of willingness to defend one’s own country is in Estonia, while it is lower in Latvia and in Lithuania. Asked if and how respondents would resist in case of an attack, more willingness to resist either non-violently or violently was expressed by respondents in Lithuania, ahead of the number of willing to do so in Estonia and more so in Latvia. Demographic background of the respondents visualized and discussed in the article provides further nuances of both research questions. While situation with the willingness to defend Estonia is relatively comfortable, this should not be treated as a reason for complacency. There is still room for progress within some groups of the society. Meanwhile, valuable lessons could be drawn for policies of Latvia and more so of Lithuania to avert some of the less ﬂattery trends identifed in this study.},
  author = {Andžāns, Māris and Sprūds, Andris},
  doi = {10.35467/sdq/124712},
  issn = {2300-8741},
  journal = {Security and Defence Quarterly},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {15-30},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Willingness to defend one's own country and to resist in the Baltic states},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.35467/sdq/124712},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2020
}

@article{asuyama2020international,
  abstract = {This is the first empirical study to investigate the effects of trade-exposure experiences on people’s beliefs in hard work (BHW). Using a more flexible experience function than that used in previous studies, I find that both earlier and recent experiences have strong effects on BHW. BHW is strengthened by experiences of export exposure and weakened by those of import exposure in low- and middle-income countries. By contrast, import-exposure experiences positively affect BHW in high-income countries. In the US, however, import exposure, particularly from low-income countries, tends to weaken BHW, consistent with the ‘China trade shock’ literature.},
  author = {Asuyama, Yoko},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/13504851.2020.1785618},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1785618},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Applied Economics Letters},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {921-925},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {International trade and the beliefs in hard work},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1785618},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2020
}

@book{matovski2021popular,
  abstract = {Electoral autocracies - regimes that adopt democratic institutions but subvert them to rule as dictatorships - have become the most widespread, resilient and malignant non-democracies today. They have consistently ruled over a third of the countries in the world, including geopolitically significant states like Russia, Turkey, Venezuela, Egypt, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan. Challenging conventional wisdom, Popular Dictators shows that the success of electoral authoritarianism is not due to these regimes' superior capacity to repress, bribe, brainwash and manipulate their societies into submission, but is actually a product of their genuine popular appeal in countries experiencing deep political, economic and security crises. Promising efficient, strong-armed rule tempered by popular accountability, elected strongmen attract mass support in societies traumatized by turmoil, dysfunction and injustice, allowing them to rule through the ballot box. Popular Dictators argues that this crisis legitimation strategy makes electoral authoritarianism the most significant threat to global peace and democracy.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Matovski, A.},
  isbn = {9781316517802},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study = {WVS/EVS1981-2014},
  title = {Popular Dictatorships: Crises, Mass Opinion, and the Rise of Electoral Authoritarianism},
  year = 2021
}

@book{willander2020unity,
  abstract = {This book presents new conceptual and methodological approaches to studying religiosity in Europe. From her unique background of working with the Church of Sweden statistics and official statistics on the increasing religious diversity in Sweden, Willander illustrates how previous and current methods of analysing religiosity overlook substantial aspects in patterns of affiliation, belief and practice. Unity, Division and the Religious Mainstream in Sweden draws on the sociological imagination in the sociology of religion to offer a new and empirically-driven analytical framework that shifts the focus to religious change in general, and will contribute greatly to ongoing discussions about majority forms of religiosity and their social relevance in contemporary times. It will be of use to students and scholars with a focus on the sociology of religion, as well as sociology, political science, epistemology and media studies.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Willander, Erika},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-52478-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Palgrave Studies in Lived Religion and Societal Challenges},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Unity, Division and the Religious Mainstream in Sweden},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52478-4},
  year = 2020
}

@article{halla2020displacement,
  abstract = {We study the effectiveness of intrahousehold insurance among married couples when the husband loses his job due to a mass layoff or plant closure. Empirical results based on Austrian administrative data show that husbands suffer persistent employment and earnings losses, while wives' labor supply increases moderately due to extensive margin responses. Wives' earnings gains recover only a tiny fraction of the household income loss, and in the short-term, public transfers and taxes are a more important form of insurance. We show that the presence of children in the household is a crucial determinant of the wives' labor supply response.},
  author = {Halla, Martin and Schmieder, Julia and Weber, Andrea},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.1257/app.20180671},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  journal = {American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {253-287},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Job Displacement, Family Dynamics, and Spousal Labor Supply},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180671},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2020
}

@article{ladini2021multifaceted,
  abstract = {When analyzing the relationship between individual religiosity and attitudes toward immigration, empirical research often leads to contrasting findings. By focusing on contemporary Italy, our contribution aims to provide evidence of two opposite effects that religiosity can exert on attitudes toward immigration. On the one hand, belonging to a religious community is expected to reinforce a social identity, leading to negative attitudes toward outgroups. On the other hand, religious commitment implies adhering to religious teachings which promote altruistic values, such as the acceptance of others. Since the two hypotheses pertain to different dimensions of religiosity, we propose to use a typology combining affiliation and church attendance, so that the two hypotheses can be tested as complementary. The first evidence we provide to support the hypotheses analyzes parallel survey data coming from the European Social Survey (ESS), the European Values Study (EVS), and the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). In particular, we point out that non-religious and highly religious people show more positive attitudes toward immigration than affiliated individuals with low religious commitment. Moreover, data from the 2018 ISSP module “Religion IV”, which includes more specific measures of religious identity and commitment, lend further support to our expectations. },
  author = {Ladini, Riccardo and Biolcati, Ferruccio and Molteni, Francesco and Pedrazzani, Andrea and Vezzoni, Cristiano},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13629},
  doi = {10.1080/00207659.2021.1937778},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7570 v2.1.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {390-411},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {The multifaceted relationship between individual religiosity and attitudes toward immigration in contemporary Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2021.1937778},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2021
}

@article{mitchell2021social,
  abstract = {Research investigating how social conditions influence attitudes about immigrants has focused primarily on demographic and economic factors as potential threat inducing contexts that lead to anti-immigrant sentiment. However, the empirical evidence supporting this link is mixed, while social cohesion indicators such as the influence of social trust, have largely been left unexamined. This article uses the European Social Survey (2002–2016) to test how differences in social trust, both within and between countries influence attitudes about immigrants. Results from longitudinal analyses show that countries with higher levels of social trust have more favorable attitudes toward immigrants, and while changes in social trust over time are small, they result in comparably large changes in anti-immigrant attitudes, even when controlling for other social factors. These results are robust across different model specifications and data sources.},
  author = {Mitchell, Jeffrey},
  doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2021.604884},
  journal = {Frontiers in Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {193-203},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Social Trust and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Europe: A Longitudinal Multi-Level Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.604884},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2021
}

@article{dargent2021religion,
  abstract = {The existence of a cultural divide between northern Protestant and southern Catholic Europe is traditionally accepted. This article puts this idea to the test by considering the data collected by the most recent European Values Study (EVS). The process of secularization indeed raises the question of whether this approach is still relevant. Several attitude scales bearing on the relationship to family, to gender inequalities, and to the liberalism of morals clearly establish the existence of deep differences between countries of Protestant, Catholic, but also Orthodox or Muslim tradition on the continent today. These differences are resistant to the consideration of variables such as individual religion, but also education and income levels. The divides separating European countries according to their prevailing religious denomination even seem to be by far the most important factor in accounting for cultural differences on the continent.},
  author = {Dargent, Claude},
  doi = {10.4000/ress.7809},
  journal = {Revue européenne des sciences sociales},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {39-68},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Religion, frontières nationales et clivages culturels en Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/ress.7809},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2021
}

@book{inglehart2020cultural,
  abstract = {Cultural Evolution argues that people's values and behavior are shaped by the degree to which survival is secure; it was precarious for most of history, which encouraged heavy emphasis on group solidarity, rejection of outsiders, and obedience to strong leaders. For under extreme scarcity, xenophobia is realistic: if there is just enough land to support one tribe and another tribe tries to claim it, survival may literally be a choice between Us and Them. Conversely, high levels of existential security encourage openness to change, diversity, and new ideas. The unprecedented prosperity and security of the postwar era brought cultural change, the environmentalist movement, and the spread of democracy. But in recent decades, diminishing job security and rising inequality have led to an authoritarian reaction. Evidence from more than 100 countries demonstrates that people's motivations and behavior reflect the extent to which they take survival for granted - and that modernization changes them in roughly predictable ways. This book explains the rise of environmentalist parties, gender equality, and same-sex marriage through a new, empirically-tested version of modernization theory.},
  address = {Moskau},
  author = {Inglehart, Ronald},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-5-91603-607-7},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 400,
  publisher = {Litres},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Культурная эволюция. Как изменяются человеческие мотивации и как это меняет мир (Cultural Evolution : How People's Motivations are Changing and How this is Changing the World)},
  url = {https://www.litres.ru/ronald-inglhart/kulturnaya-evoluciya-kak-izmenyautsya-chelovecheskie-motiv/},
  year = 2020
}

@article{carlsen2020consequences,
  abstract = {This article proposes a theory of how interaction in groups influences differential participation in political activism and interrogates this theory through an empirical analysis of online Facebook group interaction. We study the refugee solidarity movement in a mixed methods design employing online ethnography, survey, and “big” social media data. Instead of conceptualizing the group as a social network or social movement organization (SMO), we argue that the group’s culture emerges as patterns of interaction that have implications for what kind of activities in which group members participate. Based on observations from our online ethnography, we suggest that group interaction influences differential individual participation through processes of (1) encoding different habits and (2) attuning the activist to different aspects of situations. We support our theoretical propositions with six statistical tests of the relationship between the group-level variable of contentious group style and the individual-level variable of participation in political protest. The dependent variable, political protest, and a comprehensive set of controls stem from an original survey of the Danish refugee solidarity movement with 2,283 respondents. We link the survey data with “big” social media data used to estimate the focal explanatory variable, contentious group style, generated from content analysis of online interaction in 119 Facebook groups quantified with supervised machine learning. The results show that group style has a consistently positive relationship with the individual’s degree of participation independent of networks, SMO framing, and individual attributes.},
  author = {Carlsen, Hjalmar Bang and Toubøl, Jonas and Ralund, Snorre},
  doi = {10.1093/sf/soaa063},
  eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/sf/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/sf/soaa063/33430260/soaa063.pdf},
  issn = {0037-7732},
  journal = {Social Forces},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1233–1273},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Consequences of Group Style for Differential Participation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaa063},
  volume = 99,
  year = 2020
}

@article{kafka2021postmaterialism,
  abstract = {In recent decades it seems that various factors have led to a cultural background change, which although mainly characterized as incremental, in some cases can be sudden. A question therefore arises as to whether the way in which the cultural background has evolved during last decades affects the growth rate of economies. We use an unbalanced panel dataset comprised from 34 OECD countries from 1981 to 2019, and a Least Squares Dummy Variable Correction (LSDVC) method as well as a series of robustness tests including different methods of analysis, adding control variables and breaking the overall period into subperiods. We conclude that the cultural background during the overall period under consideration is characterized as post-materialistic and harms economic growth. Moreover, we highlight both theoretically and empirically the cultural backlash hypothesis since the cultural background of the countries under analysis presents a shift from traditional/materialistic (from 1981 up to 1998) to post-materialist values (from 1999 up to 2019). Doing so, we conclude on a positive effect of cultural background on economic growth when traditional / materialistic values prevail, and a negative effect when post-materialistic values prevail. These results highlight culture as a crucial factor for economic growth and indicate that economic policy makers should take it seriously into account before designing economic policy and in order to explain the effectiveness of economic policies implemented.},
  author = {Kafka, Kyriaki I. and Kostis, Pantelis C.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2021.04.001},
  issn = {0147-5967},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {901-917},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Post-materialism and economic growth: Cultural backlash, 1981–2019},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2021.04.001},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kupper2021polarisierung,
  author = {Küpper, Beate and Varádi, Luca},
  doi = {10.46499/1875.2003},
  journal = {Demokratie gegen Menschenfeindlichkeit},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 1,
  pages = {13-26},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Polarisierung in Europa: Positionierungen für und gegen eine offene und vielfältige Gesellschaft},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.46499/1875.2003},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2021
}

@article{takacs2021vltoz,
  abstract = {Our study examines social attitudes towards lesbians and gays, using data from the 8th and 9th rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS), focussing primarily on the following three variables: Gay men and lesbians should be free to live their own life as they wish – (where freedom of lifestyle is meant as being free and/or entitled to live as gays and lesbians) (B34); If a close family member was a gay man or a lesbian, I would feel ashamed (B35); Gay male and lesbian couples should have the same rights to adopt children as straight couples (B36). Since 2002, for the first seven ESS rounds, the core module of the main questionnaires included only one general acceptance question (B34). However, it was increasingly difficult to measure manifestations of ‘modern homonegativity’ – especially in European societies characterized by relatively high levels of social inclusion – with only one variable. Introducing two additional variables (B35 and 36) to the ESS core module in the 8th round made it possible to construct a more complex and reliable picture of different dimensions of social attitudes towards gays and lesbians in Europe. Our aim is to contribute to the European literature on the social acceptance of lesbian women and gay men by comparing all three variables (B34–35–36) not only on the basis of the usual socio-demographic variables (such as age, gender, education, religiosity etc.) used in previous empirical analyses but also by considering the institutionalized possibilities for adoption by same-sex couples in the 20 examined societies. Our empirical analyses are based on descriptive statistics and linear regression models, using data from 20 countries that took part in both the 8th and 9th ESS rounds.},
  author = {Takács, Judit and Swart, Gregory Alexander},
  doi = {10.18030/socio.hu.2021.2.3},
  journal = {Socio.hu},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {3-29},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Több változó, több elutasítás?},
  url = {https://doi.org/ 10.18030/socio.hu.2021.2.3},
  year = 2021
}

@article{tamas2021nemzeti,
  abstract = {National identity has been a major theme in recent decades, engaging participants in both social science and public discourses. In our study, we want to get an idea of what potential “elements of pride” appear in the minds of the members of Hungarian society. The analysis is a novelty in that it relies on nationally representative data, but at the same time provides an opportunity to map people’s opinions on the topic through an open-ended questioning technique and the inductive logic of processing. By comparing the four characteristic groups of pride created in the cluster analysis with other socio-demographic and value-based variables, we also want to answer questions such as how uniform or heterogeneous public perceptions of national sources of pride are and whether heterogeneous up in this regard.},
  author = {Tamás, László and Mónika, Makay},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.51624/SzocSzemle.2021.1.4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Szociológiai Szemle},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {87-115},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A nemzeti büszkeség építőkövei. Nemzeti identitás és történelemkép a magyar társadalomban (The building blocks of national pride. National identity and representation of history in Hungarian society)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.51624/SzocSzemle.2021.1.4},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{brechon2017sociologie,
  abstract = {Après un repérage – à travers l'enquête sur les valeurs des Européens (dans 24 pays sélectionnés) en 1990 et 2008 - pour identifier les pourcentages de différentes sortes d’irréligion, la sociologie des indifférents et des athées est analysée pour en saisir d’éventuelles particularités et pour la comparer à la sociologie des croyants : au-delà des variables sociodémographiques, quel est l’impact des positionnements athées ou indifférents sur les systèmes de valeurs ? En conclusion, la réflexion porte sur la montée de l’indifférence religieuse ? Les sociétés européennes s’orientent-t-elles vers une indifférence religieuse molle, compatible avec des bribes de sentiments religieux épars ? Ou l’indifférence correspond-elle à une situation où la question religieuse elle-même disparaît puisque les conflits entre les « pour » et les « contre » tendent à s’effacer?},
  address = {Rennes},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Indifférence religieuse ou athéisme militant. Penser l’irréligion aujourd’hui},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre and Obadia, Lionel and Zwilling, Anne-Laure},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro french incollection},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Presses universitaires de Rennes},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Sociologie de l'athéisme et de l'indifférence religieuse},
  url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01493601},
  year = 2017
}

@article{ruck2021cultural,
  abstract = {National responses to a pandemic require populations to comply through personal behaviors that occur in a cultural context. Here we show that aggregated cultural values of nations, derived from World Values Survey data, have been at least as important as top-down government actions in predicting the impact of COVID-19. At the population level, the cultural factor of cosmopolitanism, together with obesity, predict higher numbers of deaths in the first two months of COVID-19 on the scale of nations. At the state level, the complementary variables of government efficiency and public trust in institutions predict lower death numbers. The difference in effect between individual beliefs and behaviors, versus state-level actions, suggests that open cosmopolitan societies may face greater challenges in limiting a future pandemic or other event requiring a coordinated national response among the population. More generally, mass cultural values should be considered in crisis preparations.},
  author = {Ruck, Damian J. and Borycz, Joshua and Bentley, R. Alexander},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1007/s43545-021-00080-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {26629283},
  journal = {SN Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-8},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cultural values predict national COVID-19 death rates},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-021-00080-2},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2021
}

@article{bruni2019cooperatives,
  abstract = {Why is the share of happy people higher in some countries than in their equally developed neighbours? We conjecture that the apparent contradiction might depend on a country’s endowment of relational capital, which we proxy empirically with the extent of cooperativeness. In particular, within the black box of social capital, we consider relational capital as the outcome of the civil economy paradigm and use cooperativeness as the macro and objective proxy of long term face-to-face interaction. Compiling an index of the importance of the cooperative sector, we test whether more cooperativeness associates with more happiness controlling for countries’ HDI and other control variables. Checking for endogeneity, using various country samples, and through different regression methods we find support for our hypothesis. This suggests that, indeed, an institutionalized cooperative culture can promote happiness.},
  author = {Bruni, Luigino and Rosa, Dalila De and Ferri, Giovanni},
  doi = {10.1080/00036846.2019.1575944},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1575944},
  journal = {Applied Economics},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 30,
  pages = {3325-3343},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Cooperatives and happiness. Cross-country evidence on the role of relational capital},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1575944},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2019
}

@article{barbet2020changing,
  abstract = {Electoral dynamics are linked to a set of cleavages that divide the electorate among groups of voters. These cleavages are theorized to be behind the electoral coalitions formed, and their change is supposed to trigger electoral realignments. That said, not much is known about the ways in which these cleavages change beyond studies analysing big, drastic and unusual realignments. Combining a wide array of data sources, this paper is able to test, in a cross-sectional and dynamic way, the relationship between the cleavages emphasized at the party debate and the cleavages associated with voters' behaviour. It proves that the links between the two spheres are more complicated than sometimes assumed. The finding has important implications for the understanding of party competition dynamics and electoral mandates. },
  author = {Barbet, Berta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10856 ; 10.4232/1.10857 ; 10.4232/1.10859 ; 10.4232/1.10862 ; 10.4232/1.10864 ; 10.4232/1.10865 ; 10.4232/1.10866 ; 10.4232/1.10867 ; 10.4232/1.10868 ; 10.4232/1.10871 ; 10.4232/1.10872 ; 10.4232/1.10873 ; 10.4232/1.10874 ; 10.4232/1.10876 ; 10.4232/1.10878 ; 10.4232/1.10879 ; 10.4232/1.10880 ; 10.4232/1.10881 ; 10.4232/1.10882 ; 10.4232/1.10883 ; 10.4232/1.10884 ; 10.4232/1.10885 ; 10.4232/1.10886 ; 10.4232/1.10887 ; 10.4232/1.10889 ; 10.4232/1.10890 ; 10.4232/1.10892 ; 10.4232/1.10894 ; 10.4232/1.10895 ; 10.4232/1.10848 ; 10.4232/1.10899 ; 10.4232/1.10903 ; 10.4232/1.10905 ; 10.4232/1.10908 ; 10.4232/1.10910 ; 10.4232/1.10911 ; 10.4232/1.10916 ; 10.4232/1.10917 ; 10.4232/1.10919 ; 10.4232/1.10921 ; 10.4232/1.10920 ; 10.4232/1.10923 ; 10.4232/1.10926 ; 10.4232/1.10929 ; 10.4232/1.10930 ; 10.4232/1.10931 ; 10.4232/1.10933 ; 10.4232/1.10935 ; 10.4232/1.10937 ; 10.4232/1.10961 ; 10.4232/1.11755 ; 10.4232/1.11135 ; 10.4232/1.11646 ; 10.4232/1.11853 ; 10.4232/1.11847 ; 10.4232/1.12032 ; 10.4232/1.12049 ; 10.4232/1.12367 ; 10.4232/1.12923 ; 10.4232/1.12884 ; 10.4232/1.12978 ; 10.4232/1.13021 ; 10.4232/1.13044 ; 10.4232/1.12340 ; 10.4232/1.12342 ; 10.4232/1.12798 ; 10.4232/1.12662 ; 10.4232/1.12799 ; 10.4232/1.13017 ; 10.4232/1.12800 ; 10.4232/1.12877 ; 10.4232/1.12853 ; 10.4232/1.12922 ; 10.4232/1.12847 ; 10.4232/1.12959 ; 10.4232/1.13007},
  doi = {10.1057/s41295-019-00153-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA0988 v1.0.1 ; ZA0989 v1.0.1 ; ZA0990 v1.0.1 ; ZA0992 v1.0.1 ; ZA0994 v1.0.1 ; ZA0995 v1.0.1 ; ZA1036 v1.0.1 ; ZA1037 v1.0.1 ; ZA1038 v1.0.1 ; ZA1207 v1.0.1 ; ZA1208 v1.0.1 ; ZA1209 v1.0.1 ; ZA1318 v1.0.1 ; ZA1319 v1.0.1 ; ZA1320 v1.0.1 ; ZA1321 v1.0.1 ; ZA1541 v1.0.1 ; ZA1542 v1.0.1 ; ZA1543 v1.0.1 ; ZA1544 v1.0.1 ; ZA1712 v1.0.1 ; ZA1713 v1.1.0 ; ZA1714 v1.0.1 ; ZA1715 v1.0.1 ; ZA1751 v1.0.1 ; ZA1752 v1.1.0 ; ZA1960 v1.0.1 ; ZA1962 v1.0.1 ; ZA2031 v1.1.0 ; ZA2081 v1.1.0 ; ZA2141 v1.1.0 ; ZA2294 v1.1.0 ; ZA2346 v1.1.0 ; ZA2459 v1.1.0 ; ZA2491 v1.1.0 ; ZA2563 v1.0.1 ; ZA2689 v1.0.1 ; ZA2690 v1.0.1 ; ZA2828 v1.0.1 ; ZA2830 v1.0.1 ; ZA2829 v1.0.1 ; ZA2898 v1.0.1 ; ZA2936 v1.0.1 ; ZA2959 v1.0.1 ; ZA3052 v1.1.0 ; ZA3171 v1.0.1 ; ZA3204 v1.0.1 ; ZA3296 v1.0.1 ; ZA3387 v1.1.0 ; ZA4056 v1.0.1 ; ZA4744 v5.0.0 ; ZA4973 v3.0.0 ; ZA5479 v6.0.0 ; ZA5480 v4.0.1 ; ZA5481 ; ZA5565 v4.0.0 ; ZA5598 v4.0.0 ; ZA5613 v3.0.0 ; ZA5686 v3.0.0 ; ZA5875 v2.1.0 ; ZA5913 v2.0.0 ; ZA5930 v2.0.0 ; ZA5932 v3.0.0 ; ZA5933 v6.0.0 ; ZA5964 v1.0.0 ; ZA5965 v1.0.0 ; ZA5998 v1.1.0 ; ZA6596 v2.0.0 ; ZA6643 v3.1.0 ; ZA6644 v3.0.0 ; ZA6694 v1.1.0 ; ZA6697 v1.1.0 ; ZA6788 v1.3.0 ; ZA6861 v1.2.0 ; ZA6863 v1.0.0 ; ZA6925 v1.0.0 ; ZA6928 v1.0.0},
  issn = {14724790},
  journal = {Comparative European Politics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {21-44},
  study-id = {EB4 ; EB5 ; EB6 ; EB8 ; EB10 ; EB10A ; EB11 ; EB12 ; EB13 ; EB16 ; EB17 ; EB18 ; EB19 ; EB20 ; EB21 ; EB22 ; EB23 ; EB24 ; EB25 ; EB26 ; EB27 ; EB28 ; EB29 ; EB30 ; EB31A ; EB32 ; EB34.0 ; EB34.2 ; EB35.0 ; EB36 ; EB37.0 ; EB38.0 ; EB39.0 ; EB40 ; EB41.1 ; EB42 ; EB44.0 ; EB44.1 ; EB44.2bis ; EB44.3OVR ; EB44.3 ; EB46.0 ; EB47.1 ; EB48.0 ; EB49 ; EB51.0 ; EB52.0 ; EB53 ; EB54.1 ; EB61 ; EB69.2 ; EB71.3 ; EB75.1 ; EB75.2 ; EB75.3 ; EB76.1 ; EB77.2 ; EB77.4 ; EB78.2 ; EB79.5 ; EB81.2 ; EB82.1 ; EB82.3 ; EB82.4 ; EB83.1 ; EB83.2 ; EB83.3 ; EB84.1 ; EB84.3 ; EB84.4 ; EB85.2 ; EB86.1 ; EB86.2 ; EB87.1 ; EB87.3 ; EB88.1 ; EB88.3},
  title = {Changing the issues of the electoral arena: do parties and voters move together?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-019-00153-w},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2020
}

@article{lichard2021women,
  abstract = {In this paper, we use data on mixed-gender dual-earner couples in Southern and Western Europe to investigate how the division of unpaid household labor within mixed-gender couples varies depending on the ratio of the partners’ market wages. From analysis of the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, we first show that married or cohabiting women do twice as much household work as single women with the same income. Furthermore, women’s time spent in home production does not vary in relation to the couple’s relative wages in Southern Europe. We find a positive elasticity of substitution between male and female labor in home production with respect to their relative within-couple wages in Western Europe. Our identification is based on predicting each country’s wage distributions within gender-specific cells defined by age group and education using distributions in all the other countries. We present a positive evidence for presence of a “second-shift” that women face especially in Southern Europe, which may stem from regional gender norms.},
  author = {Lichard, Tomáš and Pertold, Filip and Škoda, Samuel},
  doi = {10.1007/s11150-021-09558-7},
  issn = {15737152},
  journal = {Review of Economics of the Household},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1209-1243},
  refid = {Lichard2021},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EU-SILC 2010},
  title = {Do women face a glass ceiling at home? The division of household labor among dual-earner couples},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-021-09558-7},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@article{scappini2022there,
  abstract = {Background: Among the modern Western countries where the issue of religiosity has been studied, the United States and Italy offer the only examples of empirically verified periods when religious practice was consolidated or even revived to some extent. A recent study, however, shows that the nature of religious exceptionalism in the United States does not constitute a real counterexample. This leaves Italy as the only country that might provide evidence of the falseness of the assumption that the secularization process is inescapable. Purpose: This study seeks to enhance our knowledge about the case of Italy, where the many surveys conducted over the years have produced a wide variety of often divergent results, prompting a fervent debate among scholars. Several authors argue that the level of participation remained almost constant from 1980 to 1990. Others, on the contrary, claim that the level of participation increased between 1980 and 2000. This paper contributes to this path of study, aiming to shed light on the development of religiosity in Italy between 1910 and 2013. Methods: Different data sets—time use surveys, ‘stylized surveys’, direct surveys and other kind of data—and an innovative method will be used to develop the reasoning and trace the trend of secularization. Results: As will be shown, there are discontinuities in the pattern of religious practice over time. These fractures were due to attrition caused in turn by factors related to economic phenomena like migration and political/ideological subcultures, which temporarily changed the level of religious practice and, at least for a time, counterbalanced the long-term trend away from religious practice. Conclusions and Implications: The trends presented suggest that secularization in Italy developed without any discontinuity, leading to confirmation that modernization and religious action ‘counteracted’ each other in an extremely regular manner. Therefore, according to the current state of knowledge, no documented modern Western country constitutes a counterexample to the secularization thesis. It can thus be claimed that modernization and secularization are inextricably linked processes.},
  author = {Scappini, Ettore},
  doi = {10.1007/s13644-021-00475-w},
  issn = {0034-673X},
  journal = {Review of Religious Research: The Official Journal of the Religious Research Association},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {103–126},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Is There Really ‘Another’ Counterexample to the Secularization Thesis? Religious Dynamics in Italy Between 1910 and 2013},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-021-00475-w},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{steffens2021homosexuality,
  address = {Berlin/ Boston},
  author = {Steffens, Melanie Caroline and Niedlich, Claudia},
  booktitle = {"Who Am I to Judge?": Homosexuality and the Catholic Church},
  doi = {10.1515/9783110705188-005},
  editor = {Goertz, Stephan},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {113-136},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Homosexuality Between Acceptance and Discrimination: A Social-Science Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110705188-005},
  year = 2021
}

@article{magniberton2021lvolution,
  abstract = {As mentioned in the previous two articles in this dossier on the evolution of Europeans’ values, Futuribles has been interested for many years in how value systems develop and in studying their transformation — particularly from the surveys carried out every 9-10 years as part of the European Values Study. After Pierre Bréchon’s article on the major lessons to be learned from the last round of surveys (2017-18) when compared with earlier ones (1990, 1999 and 2008), and Gilles Ivaldi’s article on the rise of populism, Raul Magni Berton examines the stance Europeans take toward a number of ethical (marriage, sexuality etc.) and civic questions (fraud, corruption etc.), the cultural and geographical characteristics that emerge from this and the broad trends the analysis reveals. In so doing, he highlights a generalized progression towards more tolerance with regard to the behaviour of others, but a twofold division between, on the one hand, the countries of Eastern and Western Europe (with the fact of their being EU members or not adding a further distinct coloration) and, on the other, between ethical issues (where there is greater tolerance) and civic ones (on which intolerance is more evident). Lastly, by comparison with past developments, the trend within the European Union is clearly towards a homogenization of the values of tolerance.},
  author = {Magni-Berton, Raùl},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.443.0039},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {39-50},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {L’évolution de la tolérance en Europe. Le contraste entre enjeux éthiques et enjeux civiques (The development of tolerance in Europe. The Contrast between Ethical and Civic Issues)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/futur.443.0039},
  volume = 443,
  year = 2021
}

@book{donnelly2021group,
  abstract = {What drives support for or opposition to redistributive taxation and spending? Why is ethnic diversity associated with inequality and a lack of redistribution? This book argues that many individuals, recognizing that they live in a world of uncertainty, use the groups of which they are a member as a heuristic to understand how welfare states are likely to impact them. This leads to reduced support for redistribution among the wealthy, whose disproportionate influence over policy in turn leads to less redistribution. Group Interests, Individual Attitudes develops the argument with a series of empirical implications, which are then tested using data from a variety of sources. It examines regional and ethnic politics in the United Kingdom, Germany, Slovakia, Canada, and Italy, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative evidence, existing and new surveys, and observational and experimental methods. The evidence is largely consistent with a heuristic theory, allowing us to see group politics in a new light.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Donnelly, Michael J.},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780192896209.001.0001},
  isbn = {9780192896209},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  pages = 288,
  publisher = {OUP Oxford},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Group Interests, Individual Attitudes : How Group Memberships Shape Attitudes Towards the Welfare State},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896209.001.0001},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2021
}

@article{mandes2021gender,
  abstract = {A gender gap in the religiosity of men and women is one of the classical topic of sociology and psychology of religion. Until recently, however, most of the researcher were conducted in Western European and the USA, which calls into question the thesis about the universality of this phenomenon. Hitherto no systematic analysis of gender gap in the religiosity was conducted for Poland. The following text has one descriptive and one explanatory purpose. It seeks to provide answers to the following questions: (1) Does the GGR exist in Poland, and, if so, to which extent and in which dimension of religiosity? Which GGR is persistent, and which changes over time?; and (2) Do structural variables or ideology explain the observed GGR change in time and in which dimension of religiosity? Do we observe the same trend across all dimensions of religiosity?},
  author = {Mandes, Sławomir},
  doi = {10.26412/psr214.05},
  issn = {1231-1413},
  journal = {Polish Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {221-240},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Gender Gap in the Religiosity of Polish Society},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26412/psr214.05},
  volume = 214,
  year = 2021
}

@article{eriksson2021power,
  abstract = {Cooperation in collective action problems and resource dilemmas is often assumed to depend on the values of the individuals involved, such as their degree of unselfishness and tolerance. Societal differences in cooperation and cooperative norms may therefore result from cultural variation in emphasis on these personal values. Here we draw on several cross-national datasets to examine whether society-level emphasis on unselfishness and tolerance and respect for other people predict how societies vary in cooperation [in a continuous prisoner’s dilemma (PD)] and in norms governing cooperation [in a common pool resource dilemma (CPR)]. The results suggest that high levels of cooperation and cooperative norms are promoted specifically by a cultural emphasis on tolerance.},
  author = {Eriksson, Kimmo and Simpson, Brent and Vartanova, Irina},
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678237},
  issn = {1664-1078},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Power of Tolerance vs. Unselfishness as a Cultural Determinant of Cooperation},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678237},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@article{savicka2020pasitikjimas,
  abstract = {Skaitmeninių komunikacijos technologijų plėtra sudarė prielaidas rastis ir žaibiškai išpopuliarino naujus, dažnai patogesnius ir pigesnius tarpasmeninio bendravimo būdus, sukurdamos visiškai naujo tipo socialumo erdves, kuriose sparčiausiai ir patogiausiai įsikūrė bei aktyviausią gyvenimą gyvena jauniausioji karta. Tarpusavio komunikavimo ir veikimo pasauliniame tinkle požiūriu ši karta tapo tokia unikali, kad netgi imta vaizdingai vadinti skaitmeniniais čiabuviais, atskiriant juos nuo vyresnių kartų, kurie – teigiama – net ir įgavę reikalingų įgūdžių ir kompetencijų, tegali tapti skaitmeniniais imigrantais. Nors skaitmeninių čiabuvių terminas tapo gana populiarus ir plačiai naudojamas, šis gilias pasekmes įvairiose visuomeninio gyvenimo srityse galintis turėti socialinis reiškinys kol kas išlieka mažai tyrinėtas. Pasitelkus socialinės kognityvinės teorijos prielaidas ir ieškant atsakymo į vis dar atvirą klausimą, ar amžius yra esminė skirties tarp skaitmeninių čiabuvių ir skaitmeninių imigrantų ašis ar kiti dalykai (išsimokslinimas, materialinė gerovė ir kt.) gali šiuos ryškius skirtumus kompensuoti, šiame straipsnyje dėmesys pirmiausia sutelkiamas į pasitikėjimo tinklaveika reiškinį, nes pasitikėjimas yra būtina sąlyga sėkmingam kiekvieno socialinio organizmo funkcionavimui. Remiantis naujausiais Europos vertybių tyrimo duomenimis, siekiama atskleisti, kaip skirtingos Lietuvos gyventojų kartos suvokia tinklaveikos patikimumą ir kokias tai sudaro prielaidas joms prisitaikyti prie sparčiai kintančio šiuolaikinio pasaulio komunikacinio lauko.},
  author = {Savicka, Aida},
  journal = {Lietuvos kultūros tyrimai: Jonas Mekas. Būti atviram ir viešieji intelektualai},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {132-148},
  title = {Pasitikėjimas tinklaveika: ką apie tai mãno skaitmeninio pasaulio čiabuviai ir imigrantai?},
  url = {https://www.culturalstudies.lt/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Aida-Savicka_Pasitikejimas-tinklaveika-ka-apie-tai-mano-skaitmeninio-pasaulio-ciabuviai-ir-imigrantai.pdf},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2020
}

@article{esaiasson2020pursuit,
  abstract = {It is argued in this article that citizens in democracies use their subjective well-being (SWB) as an evaluative criterion when deciding how willing they are to support and comply with government dictates (political system support). When life is satisfactory, government authorities are rewarded with support, when it is not, citizens punish authorities by withholding their support. To make sense of the relationship, it is suggested that citizens act as if they have signed a happiness contract with ‘those in power’. In support of this argument, comparative survey data shows that SWB predicts attitudes on political system support across country contexts and under strong control conditions. Establishing that the relationship is causal, panel data documents that attitudes on political system support can be undermined following the termination of a close personal relationship, and that the causal effect is mediated via changes in SWB. Finally, as predicted, the happiness-support relationship is weaker among individuals who are high on spirituality/religiousness and attribute blame for external events to both worldly and non-worldly powers.},
  author = {Esaiasson, Peter and Dahlberg, Stefan and Kokkonen, Andej},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12335},
  eprint = {https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12335},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {25-44},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {In pursuit of happiness: Life satisfaction drives political support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12335},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{gonthier2021political,
  abstract = {Economic and cultural values are two major components of Europeans’ belief systems. Yet little is known about how citizens organise their economic and cultural values according to the liberal-conservative dimension, a line of conflict upon which mainstream political parties are increasingly challenged by populist parties. While European politics is undergoing drastic change, how does the ideological dispersion of parties along the left-right scale influence the way citizens combine their economic and cultural values? We demonstrate that party polarisation induces a pressure toward attitude consistency within the electorate (i.e. liberal economic attitudes more highly correlated with liberal cultural attitudes and vice versa). Second, we highlight that this pressure is stronger among the most sophisticated citizens, who are more likely to pay attention and respond to elite cues. The chapter therefore contributes to put into dialogue the literature on party systems and on value systems in Europe.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric and Guerra, Tristan},
  booktitle = {Value Politics in the European Union: From Market to Culture and Back},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003153863},
  editor = {Foret, François and Vargovčíková, Jana},
  isbn = {9781000398694},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {19-40},
  publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
  series = {Routledge Studies on Government and the European Union},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {When political competition boosts attitude consistency: The effect of party polarisation on the linkage between economic values and cultural values in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003153863},
  year = 2021
}

@article{maslyk2020attitudes,
  abstract = {his paper examines a hypothesis that there is a negative correlation between the activity in socialorganizations and the support for the welfare state. The hypothesis was inspired by the study showing a reinforcingeffect of welfare spending on social capital indicators and a negative substitution effect on informal solidarity (vanOorschot, Arts and Halman 2005). The analysis was performed using data from the 2008/2016 European SocialSurvey, taking into consideration additional sociodemographic variables. The results revealed a lack of correlationbetween the associational activity and the support for the welfare state, and a relatively coherent pattern of impactof the control variables on associational activity.},
  author = {Masłyk, Tomasz and Piróg, Tomasz},
  journal = {Polish Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 42,
  pages = {445-460},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2016},
  title = {Attitudes Towards the Welfare State and Associational Involvement in Europe. Comparative Analysis},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=919084},
  volume = 212,
  year = 2020
}

@book{anckar2021religion,
  abstract = {This fully updated new edition empirically assesses the relationship between religion and democracy, looking at global, regional, and individual countries’ perspectives. Using a wide range of quantitative data, the author tests the validity of Huntington's claim that democracy and religion are tightly connected, and that western Christianity is the only religion capable of supporting democratic institutions. He evaluates both the broader assumptions that the introduction and the stability of a democratic form of government is dependent on the dominating religion in the country at the macro level, and the suggestion that, at the individual level, religious adherence is related to pro-democratic values. Examining religions including Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Chinese folk religion, and Judaism, this book demonstrates that geographical and political contexts are more important than religious affiliation for explaining levels of, and attitudes towards, democracy. As well as offering a broad empirical picture of the relationship between religion and democracy, this new edition delves deeper into the religion–state nexus, focusing particularly on events that have taken place during the last decade. The author explores how religion is used instrumentally by political leaders in different parts of the world. He also discusses the extent to which religious minorities are under increasing pressure in secularized environments; prospects for democracy in the MENA region a decade after the Arab Spring; the growing influence of evangelical Christianity in Latin America; and how increasing levels of religious conflict in Asia and the Pacific as well as in Sub-Saharan Africa pose a threat to the emergence and survival of democracy. This book will be of great interest to students, academics, and researchers within the field of comparative politics, as well as journalists and various theological associations.},
  address = {Abingdon},
  author = {Anckar, Carsten},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religion and Democracy. A Worldwide Comparison},
  year = 2021
}

@article{2021attitude,
  abstract = {The study aims to identify the attitude of the population of Russia and of other European states towards migrants, to determine the strategies of intercultural interaction that are preferable for the host community. The publication is based on a secondary analysis of the materials of a cross-country sociological study, European Values Study (2017). Data for 27 countries were analyzed. The conceptual framework is the complex threat theory, which describes the main components of the perceived threat, leading to prejudice between social groups. To identify the latent variable characterizing the attitude of respondents to migrants, a factor analysis procedure was used. An integrative indicator was calculated that characterizes the attitude of the indigenous population towards migrants. The more the representatives of the host community are convinced of the positive impact of migrants on the development of the country and agree that immigrants are not a source of economic (competition in the labor market, burdening the social security system) and physical (growth in crime) threats, the more positive the attitude towards them is. The study showed that European countries are differentiated depending on the attitudes of the population towards migrants. The revealed differences are due to the action of a set of interrelated factors - the geographic location of the country, the scale of migration flows, the experience of receiving migrants, etc. In Russia, as compared to most European countries, a negative attitude towards migrants is more pronounced. Policies aimed at preserving and developing cultural differences between migrants and the host community do not find wide support among Europeans. Residents of most countries participating in the project see assimilation as a more attractive strategy of intercultural interaction with migrants. At the same time, a significant part of Europeans demonstrate a balanced position, not giving a clear preference for one or another interaction strategy. The attitudes of Russians do not stand out against the general background. A statistically significant correlation was revealed between the positive attitude of the population towards migrants and the respondents' confidence in the benefit to society from newcomers' preserving their customs and traditions. The lack of such confidence determines the choice of an assimilation strategy associated with a negative attitude towards migrants. The revealed correlation is weak in Russia.},
  author = {Анатольевич, Прохода Владимир},
  doi = {10.17223/1998863Х/60/14},
  journal = {Вестник Томского государственного университета Философия. Социология. Политология.},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 60,
  pages = {151-163},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Oотношение к мигрантам и стратегии межкультурного взаимодействия в россии и других европейских странах (Attitude towards migrants and strategies of intercultural interaction in Russia and other European countries)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/1998863Х/60/14},
  year = 2021
}

@mastersthesis{bajkusa2020statistika,
  abstract = {Statistics represents a branch of science based on a main goal, which is to achieve the established research goals, by collecting, choosing, presenting and interpreting the information. The European Values Study is a research programme about basic human values. It provides insights into the ideas, beliefs, preferences, attitudes, values and opinions of citizens all over Europe. The main topics include work, family, perceptions of life, politics and society, religion and morality as well as national identity. This final paper analyzes the results of three researches that were done through out the last 20 years in Croatia. Those researches have given us an insight in beliefs and values of Croatian citizens and also a chance to compare those results so we can see the changes throughout the years. Comparing the results we came to the conclusion that values and opinions of Croatian citizens remained fairly consistent from 1999. to 2018.},
  address = {Split},
  author = {Bajkuša, Dora},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {University of Split},
  study = {EVS)},
  title = {Statistička Analiza Javnog Mnijenja O Vrednotama U Republici Hrvatskoj Od 1999. Do 2018. Prema European Values Study},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:124:150281},
  year = 2020
}

@article{bahna2020electoral,
  abstract = {Anti-minority rhetoric as an almost universal feature of extremeright parties is often analytically and empirically linked to their electoral success. This article tests the link between the presence of an outgroup and the vote for the extreme right in an attempt to explain the electoral success of the first openly anti-system extreme-right party to enter the Slovak parliament in 2016. A multilevel approach is used to analyse the connection between Roma presence in a municipality and extreme-right support while controlling for the individual characteristics of voters. Analysis using exit-poll data covering 161 municipalities and 20 128 voters reveals no relationship between the presence of Roma in a municipality and support for the extreme right. A partial exception seems to be observed for older voters and the university-educated, who are generally the least inclined to far-right support. Interaction effects suggest that, for these groups, Roma presence might be connected to a higher probability to cast a vote for the extreme right. However, a notably higher chance of voting for the extreme right was associated with young, male, manual labourers and people without university education.},
  author = {Bahna, Miloslav and Zagrapan, Jozef},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.13060/csr.2020.019},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {00380288},
  journal = {Sociologicky casopis / Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {291-313},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Electoral Success of the Extreme Right: Is the Presence of a Minority Important?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.019},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2020
}

@techreport{brzozowska2020attitudinal,
  abstract = {The Second Demographic Transition (SDT), which links ideational changes with demographic developments, is among the most prominent and debated theoretical frameworks in family demography. Yet, the existing attempts to operationalise it as a composite set of measures remain unevaluated. We evaluate two existing SDT indices: attitudinal and behavioural. We assess how strongly they have been linked to each other in the last three decades in Europe and test their consistency over time. Using four waves of the European Values Study and publically available demographic indicators for 23 European countries, we reconstruct, update, and evaluate the SDT indices. The attitudinal index measures postmaterialism, gender-egalitarianism, and religiosity. The behavioural index includes indicators of postponement, nonmarital childbearing, marriage, and divorce. The correlation between the attitudinal and behavioural indices is positive, but its strength varies substantially over time. The behavioural index is heavily determined by age at first marriage and at first birth, and only weakly correlated with marriage and divorce rates. The internal consistency of the attitudinal index is unstable over time. The strong link between the two SDT indices is driven by a correlation between the attitudinal index and two demographic postponement measures. As the strength of the correlation varies, conclusions based on cross-national data for a single year may be misleading. We show that the ideational and demographic changes posited by the SDT should not be treated as a package. Their operationalisation should take into account their multidimensionality. To facilitate future research, we provide ready-to-use indicator and index values used in the analysis.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Brzozowska, Zuzanna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.31219/osf.io/3qzy6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  institution = {Open Society Foundations (OSF)},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 17,
  series = {OSF Preprints},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudinal and behavioural indices of the Second Demographic Transition: Evidence from the last three decades in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/3qzy6},
  year = 2020
}

@article{isoda2022choosing,
  abstract = {The twenty-first century peacekeeping landscape is defined by the multiplicity of institutional frameworks under which international operations are deployed. Small states with limited resources cannot meet every demand for troop contributions and face the inevitable dilemma of choosing whose ‘flag’ to carry. For the first decade after joining NATO and the EU, the Baltic States gave a clear priority to NATO and U.S.-led military operations, but since the 2014 Ukrainian crisis gradually shifted their focus to the UN framework. Drawing on interviews with policy-makers in the three Baltic countries this article aims to explain this recent shift. It reviews the main theoretical assumptions about troop contributions to the UN peacekeeping operations and burden-sharing behaviour among NATO allies, and suggests that the recent troop deployment decisions of the Baltic States are best explained by a realist focus on national security concerns. The seemingly ‘internationalist’ context of UN peacekeeping operations simply happened to be most suitable for a bilateral exchange with their European allies, namely Germany and France, that in turn contributed troops to NATO's Baltic flank.},
  author = {Isoda, Vytautas},
  doi = {10.1080/13533312.2020.1855983},
  journal = {International Peacekeeping},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {24-56},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Choosing the Flag in the Name of Peace: Why Have the Baltic States (Re)turned to the United Nations?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2020.1855983},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2022
}

@article{tiberj2021france,
  abstract = {The place left to citizens in modern democracies is still an ongoing debate. Do they participate and how in France is the topic of this article. Some scholars point out the declining level of turnout and consider that representative democracy is under pressure. Other argue that citizens participate differently through protest. In this article, we investigate how participation has evolved since the 1980’s and demonstrate the major impact of generational replacement in these matters We demonstrate how the participation repertoire evolve between citizens born before World War 2, Baby-Boomers and Post-Baby-Boomers and how these transformations interact with social inequalities, particularly among the recent cohorts.},
  author = {Tiberj, Vincent},
  doi = {10.1057/s41253-021-00154-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA47503},
  issn = {14763427},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {139–157},
  refid = {Tiberj2021},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {How France participates? The impact of generational renewal on political participation (1981–2018)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-021-00154-w},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@article{silagadze2021abortion,
  abstract = {The topic of abortion has been among the most salient and polarising issues on the European continent since the 1960s. However, abortion referendums have not received much attention from political scientists — to date, there is no comparative analysis of such popular votes. This paper goes beyond the usual models of single case/country analyses and examines nation-wide referendums on this policy in four European countries from the last four decades. The analysis focuses on twelve referendums and aims to identify the factors behind the pro-choice or pro-life2 outcome of a referendum by exploring the impact of relative consensus within the parliament, support of the head of government and medical experts, and the level of secularisation of the country. The findings suggest that these factors have a substantial influence on the outcome.},
  author = {Silagadze, Nanuli},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.12661 ; 10.4232/1.2150 ; 10.4232/1.3190 ; 10.4232/1.13161 ; 10.4232/1.1490 ; 10.4232/1.1680 ; 10.4232/1.1620},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0 ; ZA2150 v1.0.0 ; ZA3190 v1.0.0 ; ZA4950 v2.3.0 ; ZA1490 v1.0.0 ; ZA1680 v1.0.0 ; ZA1620 v1.0.0},
  issn = {1747-1346},
  journal = {Politics & Policy},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-36},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; ISSP2012 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP1985; ISSP1987 ; ISSP1986},
  title = {Abortion Referendums: Is There a Recipe for Success?},
  url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3769801},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{hauser2008geography,
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Hauser, Christoph and Tappeiner, Gottfried and Wald, Janette},
  booktitle = {Europe and its Regions: The Usage of European Regionalized Social Science Data},
  editor = {Grözinger, Gerd and Spieß, C. Katharina},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {99-118},
  publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {On the Geography and Characteristics of Regional Innovation Regimes in Europe},
  year = 2008
}

@article{francois2021revolutionary,
  abstract = {Contrary to a classic prediction of democratic theory, empirical studies do not find that democratic systems produce internal peace. This absence of relationship does not mean that democratic theory is entirely wrong. Indeed, democratic systems may have a negative effect on the support for revolution, as predicted by democratic theory, but a positive effect on opportunities for revolutions on the other part. Focusing on the support for revolution in 15 European democracies, this article re-examines the classic prediction that democratic systems reduce political grievances. This rests on three arguments: that (1) majority rule guarantees that the number of dissatisfied people is relatively low, (2) periodic elections allow dissatisfied people to hope for a change in the leadership within a reasonable period of time, and (3) power-sharing institutions diminish the negative impact of an unwanted government on people. We find empirical support for all arguments. In addition to shedding light on the reasons why democracy weakens revolutionary attitudes, our analysis provides some clues to understand the recent increase in the support for revolution in democratic countries. },
  author = {François, Abel and Magni-Berton, Raul and Varaine, Simon},
  doi = {10.1177/0032321719874362},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {214-236},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Revolutionary Attitudes in Democratic Regimes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719874362},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2021
}

@article{yelagin2021implementation,
  abstract = {The question of gender equality is becoming increasingly more popular in Ukraine. The UN and international standards in the area of gender equality are still being implemented in Ukrainian legislation. This process addresses numerous problems, including the world financial/economic crisis from 2008, the 2014 ’Revolution of dignity’ in Ukraine, increasing the level of armed activity in Ukraine. The key activities to solve these problems in Ukraine include positive learning experiences from successful foreign countries in this sphere, learning experience about gender equality and aligning national standards of protection against gender-based violence. The development of government policy has changed to more gender equality orientated approaches. Ukraine has so far not been largely successful, although has made positive steps and does not have the worst record on these issues. Since the start of the 21st century, these gender equality issues started to become more important. Based on the comparative analysis of scientific publications, activities of governmental and non-governmental foreign and domestic state and public organizations, the following conclusions and proposals can be formulated that allow the introduction of effective public policy in Ukraine in the field of equal rights and opportunities for women and men in many spheres of public life. The issue of ensuring gender equality in all spheres of public life remains an urgent issue for the spread of democratic norms in Ukraine. Discrimination on the basis of gender does not contribute to the socio-economic development of the country and its approximation to international standards, which are accepted worldwide.},
  author = {Yelagin, V. P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14804},
  doi = {10.34213/%D0%B0p.21.01.18},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Social and humanitarian policy},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 59,
  pages = {173-179},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Pеалізація завдань гендерної рівності в україні на основі міжнародного права (Implementation of gender equality objectives in Ukraine on the basis of international law)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.34213/%D0%B0p.21.01.18},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kozak2020ethic,
  abstract = {The article investigates long-term trends in the work ethic in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from the perspective of modernisation theory. In particular, it examines whether the work ethic in the two culturally similar societies decreased during the years of growing material prosperity and whether this trend originated in intergenerational population replacement. The study uses data from three pooled waves of the European Values Study (EVS) covering the period 1999–2017 to which it applies the linear decomposition technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that, even though the work ethic decreased in the Czech Republic and increased in Slovakia, intergenerational population replacement contributed to its weakening in both countries. Furthermore, the results indicate that the reason this process dominated the overall trend in the Czech Republic but not that in Slovakia may be the historical differences in levels of socioeconomic development and the different paces of population replacement. Finally, tentative evidence in favour of modernisation theory is presented, indicating that population replacement universally contributed to a decrease in the work ethic in all the other European countries with comparable EVS data.},
  author = {Kozák, Michal},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.13060/csr.2020.049},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {741-765},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Work Ethic and Social Change in the Czech Republic and Slovakia – A Modernisation Theory Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.049},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{pasqualini2020materialisti,
  abstract = {Il contributo si inserisce all'interno del Rapporto EVS (European Values Study), che restituisce i risultati della quinta rilevazione realizzata in Italia nel 2018. Rispetto ai cambiamenti valoriali degli italiani dagli anni Ottanta a oggi, il contributo prova a verificare se il passaggio dalla società materialista a quella post-materialista, teorizzato da Ronald Inglehart come "rivoluzione silenziosa", si è poi verificato. I dati ci dicono, in realtà, che questa rivoluzione risulta al momento incompiuta, per una serie di ragioni, con differenze significative tra le generazioni.},
  address = {Bologna},
  author = {Pasqualini, Cristina},
  booktitle = {Come cambiano gli italiani. Valori e atteggiamenti dagli anni Ottanta a oggi},
  editor = {Rinaldi, Ferruccio Biolcati and Segatti, Paolo and Rovati, Giancarlo},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {157-169},
  publisher = {Mulino},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2007},
  title = {Da materialisti a post-materialisti: una rivoluzione (in)compiuta},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10807/165943},
  year = 2020
}

@article{hoja2021wielko,
  abstract = {Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, czy wielkość miejscowości zamieszkania ma wpływ na deklaracje odnoszące się do wyróżnionych wartości związanych z rodziną, które w istotny sposób orientują działanie człowieka i tym samym tworzą zasady życia społecznego. Tekst napisano w oparciu o wtórną analizę danych statystycznych na podstawie zintegrowanego zbioru danych European Value Study/World Value Survey 2017–2021. Rezultaty badania wskazują, że różnice istotne statystycznie pomiędzy wielkością miejscowości pojawiły się w przypadku wszystkich zmiennych dotyczących rodzicielstwa. Mieszkańcy mniejszych miejscowości okazywali się bardziej konserwatywni. Zależność istotna statystycznie nie wystąpiła w przypadku deklaracji dotyczącej zaufania do rodziny. W przypadku niektórych odpowiedzi odnoszących się do postrzegania ról płciowych pojawiły się również istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy mieszkańcami mniejszych i większych miejscowości. Wartości i normy są inne w zależności od kultury, w której się wychowujemy. Kontrola społeczna jest silniejsza w mniejszych miejscowościach, tam bowiem trudniej pozostać anonimowym. Badanie potwierdziło, że wielkość miejscowości zamieszkania w wielu przypadkach istotnie statystycznie różnicuje wartości Polaków związane z rodziną i właśnie mieszkańcy mniejszych miejscowości częściej okazywali się przywiązani do koncepcji bardziej tradycyjnych, konserwatywnych.},
  author = {Hoja, Aleksandra},
  doi = {10.18778/0208-600X.77.06},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 77,
  pages = {89-103},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Wielkość miejsca zamieszkania a wartości Polaków związane z rodziną – na podstawie danych European Value Study 2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-600X.77.06},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{rozbicka2021organized,
  abstract = {This chapter explores the provisions within political systems in the CEE countries and how they were designed to stimulate interest groups engagement in the policy process. We start from the processes that influenced the development of institutional structures as they exist today. We continue with evaluating the existing legal and institutional determinants, looking for the provisions for interest inclusion and consultations within agenda setting and policy-making (providing comparative examples from other countries), as well as the external pressure to institutionalize the process of legislative lobbying. We also address the issue of the political environment, making an argument that the characteristics of an interest groups system also have an effect on their inclusion in policy-making. We pay attention here to both: attitudes seen at the micro-level of individual participation in interest groups, but also the macro-level patterns of political competition, where structural political factors affect organized interest groups.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Rozbicka, Patrycja and Kamiński, Paweł and Novak, Meta and Jankauskaitė, Vaida},
  booktitle = {Achieving Democracy Through Interest Representation: Interest Groups in Central and Eastern Europe },
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-55521-4_3},
  editor = {Rozbicka, Patrycja and Kamiński, Paweł and Novak, Meta and Jankauskaitė, Vaida},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-55521-4},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {59-90},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  series = {Interest Groups, Advocacy and Democracy Series},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Organized Interest in the Policy-Making Process},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55521-4_3},
  year = 2021
}

@article{libby2022religiosity,
  abstract = {Research on religiosity and health has generally focussed on the United States, and outcomes of health or mortality but not both. Using the European Values Survey 2008, we examined cross-sectional associations between four dimensions of religiosity/spirituality: attendance, private prayer, importance of religion, belief in God; and healthy life expectancy (HLE) based on self-reported health across 47 European countries (n = 65,303 individuals). Greater levels of private prayer, importance of religion and belief in God, at a country level, were associated with lower HLE at age 20, after adjustment for confounders, but only in women. The findings may explain HLE inequalities between European countries.},
  author = {Libby, Gillian and Zimmer, Zachary and Kingston, Andrew and Haviva, Clove and Chiu, Chi-Tsun and Ofstedal, Mary Beth and Saito, Yasuhiko and Jagger, Carol},
  doi = {10.1007/s10943-021-01348-w},
  issn = {15736571},
  journal = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  pages = {2590–2604},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Are Religiosity and Spirituality Related to Self-Reported Health Expectancy? An Analysis of the European Values Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01348-w},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2022
}

@article{margaca2021religiosidade,
  abstract = {This article aims to analyze the relationship between religiosity and mental functioning in the elderly Portuguese people. The methodological tools used included the Religious Orientation Scale-R and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI5) and also a socio-demographic questionnaire. The results of the analysis showed that there is no statistically significant relationship between religiosity and mental functioning; however, there are significant differences between the frequency of participation in religious celebrations and better levels of mental functioning.},
  author = {Margaça, Clara and Rodrigues, Donizete},
  doi = {10.1590/0102.3772e37219},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {0102-3772},
  journal = {Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religiosidade e Funcionamento Mental em Idosos Portugueses: Uma Perspetiva Sociopsicológica},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e37219},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2021
}

@book{reicher2020kulturnationalismus,
  abstract = {"Ist der Nationalstaat ein Auslaufmodell? Vieles deutet darauf hin, dass das 21. Jahrhundert ebenfalls von dieser Staatsform dominiert bleibt. Trotzdem sind Vorstellungen von „Wir“ im Zusammenhang mit der Idee der „Nation“ seit einiger Zeit im Westen Gegenstand heißer Debatten, die in eine Wir-Krise zu münden drohen. Im Zuge dieser Auseinandersetzungen operieren bestimmte gesellschaftliche Statusgruppen mit einem distinktiven und politisierten Topos von „Kultur“, während andere das nationalstaatliche Modell zur Gänze ablehnen. Die hier vorliegende Argumentation stützt sich auf historisch-langfristig fokussierte Untersuchungen der Entwicklung nationaler Wir-Bezüge in vier unterschiedlichen Kulturfeldern." Die ALLBUS-Daten aus dem Jahr 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2010 und 2016 werden als Hauptdatensätze für die Analyse verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 35. Fassung, Dezember 2020},
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Reicher, Dieter},
  availability = {18.12.2020},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13511 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.12312},
  doi = {10.5771/9783845289854},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0 ; ZA3910 v2.1.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9783845289854},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013 ; ALLBUS1996 ; ALLBUS1998 ; ALLBUS2000 ; ALLBUS2002 ; ALLBUS2006 ; ALLBUS2010 ; ALLBUS2016},
  title = {Kulturnationalismus. Wir-Krise und Nationalstaat: Eine historische Untersuchung in vier unterschiedlichen Kulturfeldern},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845289854},
  year = 2020
}

@article{minarik2021reconstructing,
  abstract = {The research on religion under communism suffers from a lack of quantitative data on religious attendance to complement the existing information about government policies and anecdotal data about the operation of religious organizations under communism. The available data are scarce and often unreliable. Purpose: This paper presents a method for reconstructing data on past religious attendance and presents a dataset that contains an estimate of religious attendance rates in seven European communist countries covering the period between the 1930s and the 1990s. Such data are needed to corroborate and complement the sources currently available. Methods: The reconstruction is based on retrospective questions in surveys conducted in the post-communist period, particularly the ISSP. The paper also verifies the internal consistency of the reconstructed attendance rates using different characteristics of survey respondents to predict their reported attendance. Further, it verifies external consistency against post-communist surveys (ISSP, EVS) and the data available from the communist period. Results: The dataset support existing literature and provide some new information about religiosity under communist rule. The reconstructed attendance rates appear internally consistent, and the responses regarding past religious attendance do not seem to be driven primarily by the respondents’ present characteristics. The estimated past attendance rates are also consistent with other sources. Conclusions and Implications: The dataset provides additional data that allow an evaluation of the level and change of religious attendance, the effectiveness of communist anti-religious campaigns and secularization trends in the communist countries. Such data were not available before that were estimated in a consistent way across different countries and time periods. The method can also be used in other settings.},
  author = {Minarik, Pavol},
  doi = {10.1007/s13644-021-00448-z},
  issn = {22114866},
  journal = {Review of Religious Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {269–285},
  refid = {Minarik2021},
  study = {ISSP1991 ; EVS1991 ; ISSP1998 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Reconstructing Religious Attendance in European Communist Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-021-00448-z},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2021
}

@article{askun2021complex,
  abstract = {In this study, in order to reveal such a causality relationship, the connection between the countries' social capital, economic value perception and political culture and the innovation level was examined with a complex adaptive system perspective and qualitative comparative analysis method. Secondary data from the World Values Survey, the European Values Survey, and the Global Innovation Index were used in the study. The results of the research show that general trust, trust in institutions, norms, economic value perception and political culture affect innovation in different configurations and that less of either of these conditions at the same time has a negative effect. There are notable differences between collectivist countries and individualist countries. The study can also provide a new perspective for research on innovation, which is a complex adaptive system.},
  author = {Aşkun, Volkan and Çizel, Rabia and Çizel, Beykan},
  doi = {10.17153/oguiibf.895910},
  journal = {Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {317-340},
  title = {Complex Relationship of Countries' Innovation Level with Social Capital, Economic Value Perception and Political Culture: fsQCA},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.895910},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{gellel2020religious,
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Gellel, Adrian-Mario},
  booktitle = {Religious Education at Schools in Europe},
  editor = {Rothgangel, Martin and Rechenmacher, Dorothea and Jäggle, Martin},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {113-138},
  publisher = {Vienna University Press},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Religious Education at Schools in Italy},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{tufis2021capacitatea,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {54-60},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS/WVS1993 ; EVS/WVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS/WVS2018},
  title = {Capacitatea de a coopera. Asociaționismul în România, azi și acum 30 de ani},
  year = 2021
}

@article{kan2021educated,
  abstract = {Using data from the European Values Study and exploiting the compulsory schooling reforms in 13 European countries for identification, we find education to enhance generalized trust. We also find that this effect partly arises from the fact that people learn to form social capital through cooperating and interacting with others in school.},
  author = {Kan, Kamhon and Lai, Tat-kei},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109867},
  issn = {0165-1765},
  journal = {Economics Letters},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Educated to be trusting? Evidence from Europe},
  url = {/brokenurl#10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109867},
  volume = 203,
  year = 2021
}

@mastersthesis{jarosova2020mladch,
  abstract = {This diploma thesis focuses on young people and their efforts to protect the environment. Today, we can see the increase of young people fighting for environmental protection, primarily through the environmental movements and organisations. The aim of the work was to find out whether young people in Europe are more interested in the environment than the older generation. The target was achieved by a quantitative analysis of secondary data of the EVS (European Value Study) research from the years 1999, 2008 and 2017 and supplemented by descriptive statistic from the ESS (European Social Survey).},
  address = {Pilsen},
  author = {Jarošová, Kateřina},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {Západočeská univerzita v Plzni},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Úsilí mladých lidí o ochranu životního prostředí (Young people's efforts to protect the environment)},
  type = {Diplomarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11025/41147},
  year = 2020
}

@article{hafnerfink2021attitudes,
  abstract = {The article deals with research on the attitudes, reactions and behavior of the Slovenian population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to general trust and trust in the Slovenian government. To gauge the reactions of Slovenians, we conducted an online survey among the adult population of Slovenia during the period of the pandemic and related restrictive measures. The survey was conducted on a probability sample of named individuals prepared on the basis of the Slovenian Central Population Register. The results confirm our expectations: there were no significant correlations between general trust in people and adherence to preventive measures. However, we found statistically significant correlations between trust in government and all aspects of compliance with measures to limit the COVID-19 pandemic. Those with stronger trust in the government followed the measures and reported less difficulty in complying with them. The results also suggest the relevance of Sztompka's thesis on functional substitutes for trust in a situation where trust is lacking. },
  author = {Hafner-Fink, Mitja and Uhan, Samo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1080/00207659.2020.1837480},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {76-85},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Life and Attitudes of Slovenians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Problem of Trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1837480},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{furseth2021nordic,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Furseth, Inger},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Europe},
  editor = {Davie, Grace and Leustean, Lucian N.},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {697-712},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Nordic Europe},
  year = 2021
}

@article{claessens2022partner,
  abstract = {Why does human prosociality vary around the world? Evolutionary models and laboratory experiments suggest that possibilities for partner choice (i.e. the ability to leave unprofitable relationships and strike up new ones) should promote cooperation across human societies. Leveraging the Global Preferences Survey (n = 27,125; 27 countries) and the World Values Survey (n = 54,728; 32 countries), we test this theory by estimating the associations between relational mobility, a socioecological measure of partner choice, and a wide variety of prosocial attitudes and behaviours, including impersonal altruism, reciprocity, trust, collective action and moral judgements of antisocial behaviour. Contrary to our pre-registered predictions, we found little evidence that partner choice is related to prosociality across countries. After controlling for shared causes of relational mobility and prosociality – environmental harshness, subsistence style and geographic and linguistic proximity – we found that only altruism and trust in people from another religion are positively related to relational mobility. We did not find positive relationships between relational mobility and reciprocity, generalised trust, collective action or moral judgements. These findings challenge evolutionary theories of human cooperation which emphasise partner choice as a key explanatory mechanism, and highlight the need to generalise models and experiments to global samples.},
  author = {Claessens, Scott and Kyritsis, Thanos},
  doi = {10.1017/ehs.2022.51},
  journal = {Evolutionary Human Sciences},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-16},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Partner choice does not predict prosociality across countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2022.51},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{nikodem2022authoritarianism,
  abstract = {In this chapter, we examine authoritarianism and attitudes toward the environment in Croatia and compare them with seven other Central European countries: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. We discuss recent reports of democratic backsliding in Central Europe, and critically examine the existing research on the relationship between democratic and authoritarian views in relation toward environment and its protection. We then present and discuss the empirical results from the cross-country and cross-time analysis of these eight CE countries based on the data provided by the third, fourth and fifth wave of the European Values Study.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav and Poljak, Tijana Trako},
  booktitle = {Behind the Illiberal Turn: Values in Central Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004514041_007},
  editor = {Hajdinjak, Sanja and Chromková Manea, Beatrice and Chytilek, Roman},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {124-155},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Authoritarianism and Attitudes toward the Environment in Croatia: A Central European Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004514041_007},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{jong2021national,
  abstract = {This chapter describes the national culture of the three countries concerned by means of a brief review of each country’s history and its scores on different cultural dimensions and other indicators of dominant attitudes. The United States’ culture is still predominantly influenced by the first settlers’ attitudes, who see the individual as someone fighting against nature and the powerful. As a result, the individual is in high regard, concentration of power is rejected, and US inhabitants accept uncertainty relatively easily. Many wars have been fought on the soil of present-day Germany. Moreover, the country and its predecessors have many neighbours with whom they have had to cooperate. This history is reflected in a high score on Uncertainty Avoidance, an obedience to preset rules, and a relatively large willingness to cooperate. France has the longest history as an independent state. The state is also the most centralized one and ruled by the elite. The country’s high score on Power Distance suggests that the lower classes accept the difference between the classes – an observation that is confirmed by the significant differences in virtues to be taught to children between the highest and lowest education classes. Cooperation appears to be difficult for the French.},
  address = {Abingdon},
  author = {Jong, Eelke de and Schilpzand, Annemiek},
  booktitle = {Economic Ideas, Policy and National Culture: A Comparison of Three Market Economies},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003208549-3},
  editor = {Jong, Eelke de},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {15-32},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {National culture in the three types of market economies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003208549-3},
  year = 2021
}

@article{haddon2022actual,
  abstract = {While some scholars suggest that awareness of income inequality is strongest when the actual level of inequality is high, others find that individuals? awareness of income inequality is largely unresponsive to actual inequality. In this article, we argue that individuals in different social class positions often respond to the actual levels of income inequality distinctively, and therefore a class perspective is essential in understanding how actual inequality and people?s perceptions of it are associated. Using data from the social inequality modules of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP, 1992, 1999, and 2009) as well as the World Income Inequality Database (https://www.wider.unu.edu/) and the World Inequality Database (https://wid.world/), we consider how actual inequality interacts with social class to shape people?s perceptions of income inequality across 64 country-years between 1992 and 2009. We find that overall, perceptions of inequality are higher among the working class and lower among salariats. However, cross-nationally and over time, as the actual level of inequality increases, working classes become less critical toward inequality, whereas salariats become more critical. The actual level of inequality itself has no impact on people?s discontent toward it. This creates a counterbalancing effect that obscures the aggregate relationship between rising inequality and people?s perceptions of it.},
  author = {Haddon, Edward and Wu, Cary},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1177/07311214211062106},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {07311214},
  journal = {Sociological Perspectives},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {825–847},
  study = {ISSP1992 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2009},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {How Does Actual Inequality Shape People’s Perceptions of Inequality? A Class Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/07311214211062106},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2022
}

@book{jabkowski2021sondaowe,
  abstract = {Książka prezentuje główne wyzwania, z jakimi uporać muszą się badacze dążący do analizy wyników międzykrajowych projektów sondażowych. Wśród największych wyzwań pojawiają się zarówno trudności mające swoje źródło w różnorodności problematyki badawczej oraz odmiennych celach stawianych w ramach poszczególnych projektów, jak też w specyficznych sposobach formułowania pytań, odmiennej metodologii pomiaru oraz zróżnicowanej jakości sondaży. Przedmiotem zaprezentowanych analiz uczyniono postawy Europejczyków wobec procesu integracji europejskiej, mierzone na przestrzeni ostatnich 20 lat w ramach czterech wiodących paneuropejskich wielofalowych sondażowych projektów porównawczych, w tym badań Eurobarometru, Europejskiego Sondażu Społecznego, Europejskiego Sondażu Wartości oraz Międzynarodowego Programu Badań Społecznych. Praca składa się z czterech rozdziałów. Rozdział pierwszy przedstawia bogactwo projektów sondażowych prowadzonych na kontynencie europejskim od połowy lat 70. XX wieku. Rozdział drugi poświęcony został analizie zróżnicowania sposobów formułowania pytań o integrację europejską w czterech projektach oraz konsekwencjach tego zróżnicowania dla uzyskiwanych wyników. W rozdziale trzecim zaprezentowano zróżnicowanie procedur losowania oraz terenowej realizacji krajowych sondaży w porównywanych projektach. W rozdziale czwartym przenalizowano jakość ponad 1,4 tys. prób sondażowych z czterech projektów, co pozwoliło na zidentyfikowanie procedur terenowych posiadających istotny wpływ na jakość pomiaru sondażowego. Podsumowanie zawiera rekomendacje wskazujące na konieczność uwzględniania projektowych specyfik terenowej realizacji próby w analizie danych pochodzących z międzykrajowych badań porównawczych},
  address = {Poznan},
  author = {Jabkowski, Piotr},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10946 ; 10.4232/1.10953 ; 10.4232/1.10958 ; 10.4232/1.3978 ; 10.4232/1.3979 ; 10.4232/1.3986 ; 10.4232/1.10962 ; 10.4232/1.10970 ; 10.4232/1.10980 ; 10.4232/1.10988 ; 10.4232/1.10989 ; 10.4232/1.11141 ; 10.4232/1.11626 ; 10.4232/1.12007 ; 10.4232/1.12061 ; 10.4232/1.12768 ; 10.4232/1.12854 ; 10.4232/1.12799 ; 10.4232/1.12853 ; 10.4232/1.12847},
  doi = {10.14746/amup.9788323239154},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu},
  study = {ISSP 1985-2017},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; EB56.2 ; EB58.1 ; EB60.1 ; Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2001.1 ; Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2002.2 ; Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2003.4 ; EB62.0 ; EB64.2 ; EB66.1 ; EB68.1 ; EB70.1 ; EB72.4 ; EB74.2 ; EB76.3 ; EB78.1 ; EB80.1 ; EB82.3 ; EB84.3 ; EB86.2 ; EB87.3},
  title = {Sondażowe zwierciadło europeizacji. Monitorowanie trendów europejskiej opinii publicznej w międzykrajowych sondażach porównawczych jako wyzwanie metodologiczne},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14746/amup.9788323239154},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{tufis2021despre,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {46-53},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Despre necesitatea încrederii în instituțiile sistemului politic},
  year = 2021
}

@article{claassen2022immigration,
  abstract = {After decades of relatively high inflows of foreign nationals, immigration is now at the center of substantial political divisions in most European countries and has been implicated in one of the most vexing developments in European politics, the rise of the xenophobic right. However, it is not clear whether high levels of immigration actually do cause a public backlash, or whether publics become habituated to, and supportive of, immigration. We test these backlash and habituation theories using novel measures of immigration mood and immigration concern that we produce by combining over 4,000 opinion datapoints across 29 years and 30 countries. We find evidence for a public backlash in the short to medium run, where mood turns negative and concern with immigration rises. Yet we also find evidence for a longer-run process of habituation that cancels out the backlash effect within one (concern) to three (mood) decades.},
  author = {Claassen, Christopher and McLaren, Lauren},
  doi = {10.1017/S0007123421000260},
  issn = {00071234},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1013-1031},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Does Immigration Produce a Public Backlash or Public Acceptance? Time-Series, Cross-Sectional Evidence from 30 European Democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123421000260},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2022
}

@article{bassanini2021escaping,
  abstract = {We develop a simple theoretical model showing that, by adding to the adjustment costs associated with permanent contracts, local social pressure against dismissals creates an incentive for CEOs to rely on fixed-term contracts, in an attempt to escape social pressure. Using linked employer-employee data, we show that establishments located closer to headquarters have higher shares of fixed-term contracts in hiring than those located further away whenever firms' headquarters are located in self-centered communities and the CEO not only works but also lives there. We show that these findings can only be explained by local social pressure.},
  author = {Bassanini, Andrea and Caroli, Eve and Fontaine, François and Rebérioux, Antoine},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10198},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2021.05.027},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4751 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0167-2681},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {697-715},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Escaping social pressure: Fixed-term contracts in multi-establishment firms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.05.027},
  volume = 188,
  year = 2021
}

@article{moscatelli2021generation,
  abstract = {The purpose of this contribution is to study the importance of values and the intergenerational transmission from the point of view of the z generation. Through the Evs2018 data and a case study that involved 716 subjects between the ages of 20-25 years, we have analyzed the values considered most important by young people, those believed to be inherited from parents, the knowledge of their family history and intergenerational solidarity. An in-depth study was also carried out in relation to the values that became most important for young people during the Covid19 health emergency. The main results have highlighted some aspects of continuity and specificity between the different generations and confirmed the importance of the gender dimension in the intergenerational transmission processes.},
  author = {Moscatelli, Matteo and Ferrari, Chiara and Nanetti, Sara},
  journal = {Culture e Studi del Sociale},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {335-353},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Generation Z and Intergenerational Transmission of Values: An Exploratory Research During the Covid-19 Emergency},
  url = {http://www.cussoc.it/index.php/journal/issue/archive},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2021
}

@article{english2022rejection,
  abstract = {Evidence suggests that as public opinion towards immigration becomes more negative, so the descriptive representation of ethnic minority groups is increasingly restricted. Recently, some initial research into the causal mechanism hinted that this effect is driven by patterns of candidacy. This suggests that political parties are creating an ‘ethnic penalty’ of their own in the selection stage. This paper investigates the relationship between patterns of candidacy, party strategy, and public opinion in Great Britain from 1997 to 2019, and proposes that ‘punitive parties’ are strongly responsible for shaping the representational outcomes of minority groups. I find support for earlier suggestions that parties are increasingly likely to place ethnic minority candidates away from ‘winnable’ contests as anti-immigrant hostility rises. These findings are important for our conceptions of ethnic penalties, of party behaviour in selection processes, and for the study and cause of improving political representation.},
  author = {English, Patrick},
  doi = {10.1177/1354068820973851},
  journal = {Party Politics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {294-305},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {High rejection, low selection: How ‘punitive parties’ shape ethnic minority representation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068820973851},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2022
}

@article{hardadi2021implications,
  abstract = {The distribution of German household environmental footprints (EnvFs) across income groups is analyzed by using EXIOBASE v3.6 and the consumer expenditure survey of 2013. Expenditure underreporting is corrected by using a novel method, where the expenditures are modeled as truncated normal distribution. The focus lies on carbon (CF) and material (MF) footprints, which for average German households are 9.1 ± 0.4 metric tons CO2e and 10.9 ± 0.6 metric tons material per capita. Although the lowest‐income group has the lowest share of transportation in EnvFs, at 10.4% (CF) and 3.9% (MF), it has the highest share of electricity and utilities in EnvFs, at 39.4% (CF) and 16.7% (MF). In contrast, the highest‐income group has the highest share of transportation in EnvFs, at 20.3% (CF) and 12.4% (MF). The highest‐income group has a higher share of emissions produced overseas (38.6% vs. 34.3%) and imported resource use (69.9% vs. 66.4%) compared to the average households. When substituting 50% of imported goods with domestic ones in a counterfactual scenario, this group only decreases its CF by 2.8% and MF by 5.3%. Although incomes in Germany are distributed more equally (Gini index 0.28), the German household CF is distributed less equally (0.16). A uniform carbon tax across all sectors would be regressive (Suits index −0.13). Hence, a revenue recycling scheme is necessary to alleviate the burden on low‐income households. The overall carbon intensity shows an inverted‐U trend due to the increasing consumption of carbon‐intensive heating for lower‐income groups, indicating a possible rebound effect for these groups.},
  author = {Hardadi, Gilang and Buchholz, Alexander and Pauliuk, Stefan},
  doi = {10.1111/jiec.13045},
  journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {95-113},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Implications of the distribution of German household environmental footprints across income groups for integrating environmental and social policy design},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13045},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2021
}

@inproceedings{butnaru2021impact,
  abstract = {COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, determined the largest pandemic of the last century. 73 states were analysed from the point of view of the number of infections and deaths caused by COVID19, influenced by the income inequality of the citizens of a country (GINI), social capital, and uncertainty avoidance. Populations face disproportionate rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality; inequalities consist of reduced access to health care, social mobility, or economic segregation (Oronce, et al., 2020). This study analyses the associations among the central aspects of social capital (trust in public institutions), income inequality (GINI index for income), national culture (level of uncertainty avoidance), and the SARS-CoV2 virus infection rate in 73 countries included in different time waves of the World Values Survey 2017-2020 (WVS) (Elgar et al., 2020). We performed the statistical analysis with the help of the Stata statistical program, and we used country level variables. The results of the study show that the income inequality of the citizens of a country (GINI), and uncertainty avoidance at the societal level influence the increase of the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection rate. On the other hand, the higher the trust in public institutions (social capital), the lower the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection rate. This research considers the variables related to social capital, as well as characteristics of the national culture, which may explain the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection rate. The results contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon at international level, and help the political authorities in formulating social solutions to this crisis.},
  address = {Foggia},
  author = {Butnaru, R.C. and Butnaru, G.I. and Brînză, G. and Anichiti, A},
  booktitle = {7th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Foggia, Italy, 3-5 June 2021},
  editor = {Pamfilie, R. and Dinu, V. and Tăchiciu, L. and Pleșea, D. and Vasiliu, C.},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  title = {Impact of Social Capital and Cultural Values on COVID-19},
  year = 2021
}

@book{grossman2021elections,
  abstract = {Are election campaigns relevant to policymaking, as they should in a democracy? This book sheds new light on this central democratic concern based on an ambitious study of democratic mandates through the lens of agenda-setting in five West European countries since the 1980s. The authors develop and test a new model bridging studies of party competition, pledge fulfillment, and policymaking. The core argument is that electoral priorities are a major factor shaping policy agendas, but mandates should not be mistaken as partisan. Parties are like 'snakes in tunnels': they have distinctive priorities, but they need to respond to emerging problems and their competitors' priorities, resulting in considerable cross-partisan overlap. The 'tunnel of attention' remains constraining in the policymaking arena, especially when opposition parties have resources to press governing parties to act on the campaign priorities. This key aspect of mandate responsiveness has been neglected so far, because in traditional models of mandate representation, party platforms are conceived as a set of distinctive priorities, whose agenda-setting impact ultimately depends on the institutional capacity of the parties in office. Rather differently, this book suggests that counter-majoritarian institutions and windows for opposition parties generate key incentives to stick to the mandate. It shows that these findings hold across five very different democracies: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, and the UK. The results contribute to a renewal of mandate theories of representation and lead to question the idea underlying much of the comparative politics literature that majoritarian systems are more responsive than consensual ones.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Grossman, Emiliano and Guinaudeau, Isabelle},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780192847218.001.0001},
  isbn = {9780192847218},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Do Elections (Still) Matter?: Mandates, Institutions, and Policies in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847218.001.0001},
  year = 2021
}

@book{morlino2020equality,
  abstract = {Freedom and equality are widely considered the two most important values in a liberal democracy. This wide-ranging study examines how both have developed across a thirty year period since 1990, and in particular the effect on them of the Great Recession of 2008. Drawing on extensive data from the six largest European democracies - France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom - the author offers a comparative analysis of how the respective pursuit of both values has developed over the period, and seeks to explain the variations he finds. In addition, he assesses the impact of the European Union on those two fundamental democratic values, as well the nature and extent of demands for them on the part of citizens and party leaders. He concludes by drawing out the implications of his analysis for the future of European democracy.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Morlino, Leonardo},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198813873.001.0001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5928},
  isbn = {9780198813873},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {OUP Oxford},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; Eurobarometer 2004-2018},
  title = {Equality, Freedom, and Democracy: Europe After the Great Recession},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813873.001.0001},
  year = 2020
}

@article{diederich2022cultural,
  abstract = {In the light of an increasingly diverse older population in the United States, there is an ongoing discussion how cultural factors contribute to individual long-term care (LTC) needs and service use. This study empirically assesses whether the level of acculturation and cultural differences in the importance of the family shape foreign-born immigrants’ intention to use certain LTC services.We correlated immigrants’ intention to use certain LTC services to the cultural strength of family ties that prevails in their region of origin. We used data from the National Health Interview Survey and the World Values Survey/European Values Study for analysis. Multinomial logit models were estimated and predisposing, enabling, and need factors were controlled for. Estimations were weighted to account for the sampling structure and sensitivity analyses were conducted.Immigrants from cultures with stronger family ties are significantly more likely to intend the use of LTC options that include the family. Furthermore, immigrants are less likely to intend the use of exclusively family care when having lived in the United States for a longer time.We conclude that cultural differences in family ties shape immigrants’ intention to use certain LTC services. If policy makers aim at increasing the provision of specific LTC services or support to family caregivers, there should be a careful evaluation of demand-side factors in an increasingly culturally diverse society.},
  author = {Diederich, Freya and König, Hans-Helmut and Brettschneider, Christian},
  doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbab035},
  eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/geronb/gbab035/36413068/gbab035.pdf},
  issn = {1079-5014},
  journal = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series B},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {201–211},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Cultural differences in the intended use of long-term care services in the United States: The role of family ties},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab035},
  volume = 77,
  year = 2022
}

@book{vantubergen2020introduction,
  abstract = {Why are today’s youth soccer players of the national teams often born in January and rarely in December? Why are many people satisfied with their own life, but think the world is getting worse? Why is binge drinking so common in college, whereas the majority of students are against it? Why are your friends so similar to you? Why are citizens of the United States more religious than those in Western Europe? Sociology is a science that studies a wide range of fascinating topics such as these. This textbook addresses not only foundational sociological work, but also integrates key insights from contemporary sociological research. It is written primarily as an introduction to sociology, and it covers a rich diversity of sociological topics and social problems, such as crime, immigration, race and ethnicity, media, education, family, organizations, gender, poverty, modernization, and religion. This textbook presents in a highly accessible and engaging way key knowledge in sociology, introducing students to core concepts, theories, perspectives, methods and findings. Furthermore, it helps students learning to think like a sociologist. It offers students a ‘sociological toolkit’, a set of useful insights, tools and principles, which will enable them to do research like a sociologist themselves. Being able to think like a sociologist helps students to analyze any sociological topic and any contemporary social problem - even those with which one is yet unfamiliar.},
  address = {London},
  author = {van Tubergen, Frank},
  isbn = {9781351134941},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  lccn = {2019043293},
  publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
  study = {EVS2007-2014},
  title = {Introduction to Sociology},
  year = 2020
}

@article{domitrovic2020vrednote,
  abstract = {U Republici Hrvatskoj kao zemlji koja je u nedavnoj prošlosti imala iskustvo prelaska iz totalitarnoga režima u demokraciju, pretrpjela rat i poraće, privatizaciju, osiromašenje znatnoga udjela svoga stanovništva te ulazak u Europsku uniju pitanje nacionalnih vrednota trebalo bi biti ključno pitanje političkih, ali i intelektualnih elita jer samo čuvajući svoje vrednote hrvatski narod može očuvati svoju prepoznatljivost i identitet. Problem koji se može uočiti na svim razinama u hrvatskome društvu bijeg je od tradicionalnih vrednota koje se sve češće smatraju konzervativnima, pa čak i zaostalima. Iste te vrednote, ponekad i da bismo se više svidjeli drugima, zamjenjujemo modernističkim i postmodernističkim vrednotama koje nam se prikazuju poželjnijima i prihvatljivijima u odnosu na naše tradicionalne vrednote koje se čuvaju naraštajima. Ovaj rad naslanja se na rezultate Europske studije vrednota iz 2008. godine koji pokazuju modernizaciju hrvatskoga društva, ali i važnost tradicionalnih vrednota kao što su brak, obitelj, djeca, religioznost, a prikazani su u knjizi Vrednote u Hrvatskoj i Europi: komparativna analiza.},
  author = {Domitrović, Andreja and Ivanešić, Dalibor and Žagmešter, Marija},
  doi = {10.15291/ai.3080},
  issn = {1849-1243},
  journal = {Acta Iadertina},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {83-100},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Vrednote u Hrvatskoj i Hrvatska kao vrednota},
  url = {https://morepress.unizd.hr/journals/actaiadertina/article/view/3080},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2020
}

@article{yao2021mapping,
  abstract = {The international negotiations, people may assume that high-trust nations are more likely to produce more trustworthy negotiators. Does this assumption hold universally? This study aims to address this research question by investigating the relationship between national-level societal trust and individual-level trust in negotiations. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a cross-sectional research design and a sample of 910 senior managers from 58 nations or regions. The hypotheses are tested by hierarchical linear modeling. Findings This study draws on the dynamic constructivist theory of culture to propose moderated hypotheses. Results show that societal trust predicts individuals’ social perceptions of attitudinal trust in negotiations, only when cultural face norms are weak rather than strong; societal trust predicts individuals’ social perceptions of behavioral trust in negotiations (i.e. high information sharing and low competitive behavior), only when negotiators process information analytically rather than holistically. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the relationship between national-level societal trust (i.e. generalized trust) and individual-level trust in negotiations (i.e. particularistic trust). It uses a large-scale, multinational sample to show that relying on societal trust to infer trust in negotiations is valid only in Western societies.},
  author = {Yao, Jingjing and Brett, Jeanne M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1108/IJCMA-04-2021-0059},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {10444068},
  journal = {International Journal of Conflict Management},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {826-847},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Mapping societal trust and trust in negotiations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-04-2021-0059},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2021
}

@book{jende2021republic,
  abstract = {Understanding human behavior and decision-making processes is a significant challenge within many fields of research. This doctoral thesis shows how human activities are characterized by multiple interconnected contexts and demonstrates the advantages of using a multi-layered model to examine interactions between social, economic and cultural factors. The model presented here offers large benefits for various target groups as it can be applied to a wide range of research fields. Consequently, this analysis supports an interdisciplinary approach to economics.},
  address = {Bern},
  author = {Jende, Andrea},
  isbn = {9783631841488},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Peter Lang},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Republic of Ireland - Economic and Social Ecology in a Layered Perspective},
  year = 2021
}

@phdthesis{kaba2020essays,
  abstract = {This thesis is a collection of independent empirical essays in the field of political economy. The first chapter investigates the electoral effects of a local public good provision, using a local food subsidy program that took place in Turkey, 2019. Exploiting the variation in the geographical distances of voters to the food subsidy program groceries, I establish three results. First, the food subsidy program has a statistically significant positive effect on the incumbent vote share. Second, the effects of the program are conditional on partisanship. Although the effects of the incumbent vote share do not change across different partisan groups, the effects on turnout are heterogeneous and countervailing across partisans of incumbent and opposition party. Finally, I find that much of the electoral effects of the program come from areas where voters are uniformly partisans of either party rather than from areas with mixed partisan profiles. The second chapter investigates the evolution of class distinctiveness in economic preferences across countries and over time. To this end, I first develop a new measure of class distinctiveness by using predictive modeling. I then estimate this new measure for 18 European countries for three points in time using micro-level survey data. After validating the newly developed measure, I test whether the variation in the strength of class-based voting can be explained by the class distinctiveness in economic preferences. In the third chapter, co-authored with Nicole Stoelinga, we test whether hosting or bidding on the Olympic games leads to an increase in the exports of the host and bidding countries. Previous studies on this question provide mixed findings and typically suffer from empirical problems such as selection bias. We re-evaluate the problem by applying a synthetic control approach. Our results indicate that hosting or bidding on the Olympic Games may affect exports positively or negatively depending on the countries’ initial reputation in terms of trade.},
  address = {Florence},
  author = {Kaba, Mustafa},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  pages = 148,
  school = { European University Institute},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Essays on empirical political economy and public policy},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69197},
  year = 2020
}

@article{iftene2007cetenia,
  abstract = {This study presents the concept of European citizenship such as it has been defined in the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992. The author's working hypothesis is that the concept of European citizenship is more than a set of rights and obligations, namely, a way in which the citizens of the Member States may get involved with the Union's political life and the European integration process. The research is based on an examination of the theoretic doctrinal, normative and practical material in the field. The author makes a complex comparative study of the doctrinal concepts and the legislation of various countries regarding the European citizenship, while interpreting this concept in a broad vision, in terms of legal status, collective identity, organizational culture and social action.},
  author = {Iftene, Cristinel},
  journal = {Drepturile omului},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {9-23},
  study = {EVS1980 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Cetățenia europeană între trecut și viitor (European citizenship between the past and the future)},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/journal-detail?id=2628},
  year = 2007
}

@article{papastathis2022eastern,
  abstract = {This article theoretically and empirically elaborates the position of the Greek-Orthodox Church, both institutionally and culturally, on the question of globalization. It examines how Church discourse conceptualizes globalization in diverse and sometimes antagonistic ways, and the correlation between religiosity and trust in global institutions as well as the value framework these represent for the Church. The data for analysis derive from church documentation and the EVS dataset; the theoretical method builds on the Essex School paradigm of discourse analysis. OLS estimation techniques are used for empirical analysis. The preliminary findings indicate a diversity of views within the Church body regarding the globalization agenda. On the one hand, globalization is viewed as a corrupting influence on religious purity. On the other hand, the institutional Church has in critical periods taken a pro-Western stance for social peace. The empirical evidence confirms this distinction between political attitudes and cultural structures. In particular, it suggests that the religious body conceives of globalization as a threat to national identity and the traditional local values, but to a large extent still trusts global institutions like the EU and the United Nations.},
  author = {Papastathis, Konstantinos and Litina, Anastasia},
  doi = {10.1440/103930},
  issn = {1122-0392},
  journal = {Quaderni di diritto e politica ecclesiastica, Rivista trimestrale},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {1/2022},
  pages = {113-128},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Eastern Orthodox Church and Globalization. Discourse Analysis and Quantitative Exploration of the Greek Case},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1440/103930},
  year = 2022
}

@article{lancaster2022immigration,
  abstract = {Immigration has historically been of low salience in Central and Eastern Europe. Yet, the region has consistently higher levels of ethnocentrism than the rest of Europe. Scholars argue that the East's limited politicization of immigration is due to its status as a region of emigration and the presence of ethnic minority ‘others’. I argue that this is changing. The politicization of the European refugee crisis by domestic elites has begun to refocus the sociocultural dimension on the immigration issue. Using structural equation models, I compare European Values Study data from 2008 and 2017 across 10 East European EU member states. I find evidence that traditionalist attitudes are more strongly related to anti-immigration attitudes since the crisis, particularly for those who are interested in politics. Further, immigration attitudes are polarizing across the GAL-TAN dimension and by education. Hence, immigration is bolstering a pre-existing, socially structured divide around both nationalist and traditionalist values.},
  author = {Lancaster, Caroline Marie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13021 ; 10.4232/1.13249 ; 10.4232/1.13438 ; 10.4232/1.12847 ; 10.4232/1.13393},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12474},
  eprint = {https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12474},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA5932 v3.0.0 ; ZA6643 v4.0.0 ; ZA6694 v2.0.0 ; ZA6863 v1.0.0 ; ZA7576 v1.0.0},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {544-565},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; EB82.3 ; EB84.3 ; EB85.2 ; EB87.3 ; EB91.5},
  title = {Immigration and the sociocultural divide in Central and Eastern Europe: Stasis or evolution?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12474},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{russo2020representation,
  abstract = {Within the framework of comparative analyses of representative elites and institutions, the Italian case has always received significant attention due to the centrality of the legislature within Italy’s parliamentary democracy: namely, its bicameral form and the expectations raised as a result of the change of the party system in the early 1990s. However, after about 25 years of political change, the global financial crisis seems to have destabilised the Italian party system and the logic of political competition again, reducing the already low levels of trust in the Italian parliament. New leaders appear and new ‘citizen-based’ parties grow, but they do not seem to be able to make the difference. Moreover, the troublesome reconsolidation of a stable party system makes the study of political representation in Italy simultaneously stimulating and frustrating. What kind of adjustment are we looking at? By examining changes in levels of trust in the nation’s parliament, the composition and legislative behaviour of the political class and the ideological congruence between citizens and parliamentarians, this chapter seeks to answer these questions within the broader framework of the transformation of political representation in the Southern European scenario. },
  address = {London},
  author = {Russo, Federico and Verzichelli, Luca},
  booktitle = {Political Representation in Southern Europe and Latin America: Before and After the Great Recession and the Commodity Crisis},
  doi = {10.4324/9780429400414-3},
  editor = {Freire, André and Barragán, Mélany and Coller, Xavier and Lisi, Marco and Tsatsanis, Emmanouil},
  isbn = {9780429400414},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {50-65},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Representation in the Italian Parliamentary},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429400414-3},
  year = 2020
}

@article{mazurczak2021radykalizacja,
  abstract = {The article is an attempt to introduce reflection on the radicalisation to the Polish world of science. The author extensively discusses various ways of defining this process and reviews existing theoretical models. The core of the article is an analysis of data from the European Values Survey, which examined the relationship between radicalization and socio-demographic characteristics, political and economic beliefs, as well as views on democracy},
  author = {Mazurczak, Jacek},
  journal = {Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {45-73},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Radykalizacja jako proces prowadzący do ekstremizmu i terroryzmu (Radicalization as a process leading to extremism and terrorism)},
  url = {https://czasopisma.bg.ug.edu.pl/index.php/maes/article/view/5815},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kummetat2022understanding,
  abstract = {Introduction: Stigma towards alcohol-related conditions is more pronounced than stigma against any other mental illness and has remained high throughout past decades. Although alcohol consumption is a known and persistent contributor to the burden of disease and interpersonal threat and may thus shape public attitudes towards consumption, no study to date has provided an overview of the prevalence of alcohol stigma and its association with (a) alcohol consumption and (b) harm attributable to alcohol across Europe. As a social reaction to thresholds of accepted use of alcohol, stigma could impact consumption, resulting in a reduced quantity or at least less harmful drinking patterns. This contribution provides an initial overview by addressing the following research questions. (i) What are the country-level prevalence rates of alcohol stigma compared across European countries? (ii) Is alcohol stigma associated with (a) alcohol consumption and (b) alcohol-attributable harm? (iii) Is there an association between alcohol stigma and alcohol consumption by type of beverage? Methods: We combined data on country-level desire for social distance towards “heavy drinkers” (European Values Survey, operationalization of “alcohol stigma”) with indicators of alcohol consumption, including adult per capita consumption (APC), heavy episodic drinking, consumption by type of beverage (wine, beer, spirits), and harm attributable to alcohol, namely age-standardized disability-adjusted life years lost to alcohol consumption (AADALYs) for 28 countries. Linear regression models were applied. Results: (i) Social distance varied noticeably across countries (M = 62.9%, SD = 16.3%) in a range of 28.3% and 87.3%. (ii) APC was significantly positive related to social distance (β = 0.55, p = 0.004). (iii) Wine consumption was significantly negative related to social distance; the opposite was true for spirits consumption. No association was found for beer consumption. The best model fit was achieved with APC (β = 0.48, p = 0.002) and wine per capita consumption (β = −0.55, p < 0.001) explaining 57.0% (adjusted R2) of the variance in social distance. Conclusion: Our study shows a strong relationship between country-level alcohol stigma and alcohol consumption. If stigma was to deter people from harmful alcohol consumption, it would be expected that higher levels of alcohol stigma are associated with lower levels of overall alcohol consumption or consumption of spirits in particular. Instead, stigma seems to be a reaction to harmful drinking patterns without changing these patterns for the better.},
  author = {Kummetat, Johanna Leona and Leonhard, Anya and Manthey, Jakob and Speerforck, Sven and Schomerus, Georg},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1159/000526200},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {European Addiction Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {446-454},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Understanding the Association between Alcohol Stigma and Alcohol Consumption within Europe: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1159/000526200},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{jonsdottir2022nones,
  abstract = {The number of people that do not belong to a religious denomination – ‘nones’ is growing rapidly in the Nordic countries. The aim of this analysis is to predict non-affiliation in Iceland and other Nordic countries using logistic regression. The hypotheses tested are that people 1) who have little confidence in the church; 2) who are of immigrant background; 3) with left-wing political views, 4) who have more liberal worldviews (moral attitudes) are more likely to be ‘nones’. For this we used existing data obtained in the European Values Study (EVS) wave 5, and previous waves to look at the increase in non-affiliation since the first wave of the EVS in the early eighties. The results show that the strongest predictors for being a ‘none’ are lack of confidence in the church and being of immigrant background. Those who do not belong to a religious denomination have a somewhat more liberal worldview than those who do. Our results also suggest that a decline in confidence in the Icelandic church may explain the rapid increase of ‘nones’ in Iceland. A similar decline in confidence is not seen in the other countries.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Jonsdottir, Gudbjorg Andrea and Saemundsdottir, Inga Run and Tryggvadottir, Gudny Bergthora},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13561},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7502 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {222-235},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Rise of the Nones in Iceland},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{papuchon2020opinions,
  abstract = {The 2008 economic crisis, which has had a significant impact on young adults’ entry into the labour market, may have changed their opinions on social policies and expenditure. Data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP, 2006, 2016) allow analysis and comparison of these opinions and their evolution in 12 European countries, as well as in the United States and New Zealand. We also examine the differences between the opinions of young adults and other adults and their evolution over time. In order to take into account differences in national contexts, we use the standard typology of welfare state regimes. Young adults’ support for public intervention in social issues increased between 2006 and 2016, except in the Scandinavian countries. Differences of opinion with their elders have increased in liberal countries and decreased in conservative countries, while the desire for increased social welfare remains high in countries where social welfare was least developed.},
  author = {Papuchon, Adrien},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.12994 ; 10.4232/1.11648 ; 10.4232/1.12848},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4700 v.1.0.0 ; ZA6900 v1.0.0 ; ZA4350 v.2.0.0 ; ZA6670 v2.1.0},
  journal = {Economie et Statistique},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = {514-516},
  pages = {177-201},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Les opinions des jeunes adultes sur le rôle social de l’État ont-elles changé depuis la crise de 2008? (Have Young Adults’ Opinions on the Social Role of the State Changed since the 2008 Economic Crisis?)},
  url = {https://www.persee.fr/doc/estat_0336-1454_2020_num_514_1_10932},
  year = 2020
}

@article{vershinina2022gendered,
  abstract = {This article explores the culture-regulations-gender triad in relation to small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs’) performance. Using a firm-level panel dataset drawn from 27 countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia between 2005 and 2014, we show that women and men experience and respond differently to regulations. Women take regulations very seriously and as a result, their SMEs see improved performance, whereas men discount the influence of regulations which then depresses the performance of their SMEs. However, when women respond to regulatory enforcers, it erodes the performance of their SMEs, whereas when men engage enforcers, the performance of their SMEs improves. The fact that women and men experience and respond to the same regulations differently—regardless of country effect and whether their SMEs are high- or low-performing businesses—suggests that regulations perpetuate gender biases, thus impacting not only individuals but even the organizations they lead. Our study expands gendered institutions theory by clarifying how regulations diffuse cultural values and influence women and men, as well as their SMEs, differently.},
  author = {Vershinina, Natalia and Markman, Gideon and Han, Liang and Rodgers, Peter and Kitching, John and Hashimzade, Nigar and Barrett, Rowena},
  doi = {10.1007/s11187-020-00436-7},
  issn = {15730913},
  journal = {Small Business Economics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1113–1130},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Gendered regulations and SME performance in transition economies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00436-7},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2022
}

@article{vanhouwelingen2021convergence,
  abstract = {Basic core political values differ widely across Europe. From a European integration perspective, a gradual convergence in core political values across European countries would be beneficial. Desirably, the direction of any possible European value convergence would be also in accordance with the values stipulated by the European Union (EU). Based on European Values Study (EVS) data from 1990 to 2017, we assess the developments among 18 EU countries with regard to public opinion on nine political value indicators, comprising three core political values: equality, individual autonomy, and cosmopolitanism. The differences and the dynamics of change in core political values between these 18 European countries are considerable. Our investigation arrives at contradictory conclusions about the outcome of the temporal development, depending on the political value we analyze. EU countries have converged on equality and cosmopolitanism values, but diverged on individual autonomy. The overall change in cosmopolitanism is, however, not in the direction the EU intends, as the countries have become more skeptical of EU enlargement. The trend in individual autonomy is in an EU-desired direction (‘same direction’), but is much slower in the former socialist countries (‘different speed’), which results in divergence on an EU-wide scale.},
  author = {van Houwelingen, Pepijn and Akaliyski, Plamen and Dekker, Paul and Iedema, Jurjen},
  doi = {10.1057/s41295-021-00241-w},
  issn = {1740388X},
  journal = {Comparative European Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {452–470},
  refid = {van Houwelingen2021},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Convergence or divergence? A multilevel analysis of political values in 18 EU countries 1990–2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-021-00241-w},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@article{jacquet2021predictive,
  abstract = {Why do moral religions exist? An influential psychological explanation is that religious beliefs in supernatural punishment is cultural group adaptation enhancing prosocial attitudes and thereby large-scale cooperation. An alternative explanation is that religiosity is an individual strategy that results from high level of mistrust and the need for individuals to control others’ behaviors through moralizing. Existing evidence is mixed but most works are limited by sample size and generalizability issues. The present study overcomes these limitations by applying k-fold cross-validation on multivariate modeling of data from >295,000 individuals in 108 countries of the World Values Surveys and the European Value Study. First, this methodology reveals no evidence that European and non-European religious people invest more in collective actions and are more trustful of unrelated conspecifics. Instead, the individuals’ level of religiosity is found to be weakly but positively associated with social mistrust and negatively associated with the production of behaviors, which benefit unrelated members of the large-scale community. Second, our models show that individual variation in religiosity is well explained by the interaction of increased levels of social mistrust and increased needs to moralize other people’s sexual behaviors. Finally, stratified k-fold cross-validation demonstrates that the structures of these association patterns are robust to sampling variability and reliable enough to generalize to out-of-sample data.},
  author = {Jacquet, Pierre O. and Pazhoohi, Farid and Findling, Charles and Mell, Hugo and Chevallier, Coralie and Baumard, Nicolas},
  doi = {10.1057/s41599-020-00691-9},
  issn = {26629992},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 9,
  pages = {1-12},
  refid = {Jacquet2021},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Predictive modeling of religiosity, prosociality, and moralizing in 295,000 individuals from European and non-European populations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00691-9},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2021
}

@book{schlenkrich2021origin,
  abstract = {This study has two central research questions: Do democracy profiles affect policy performance? And what causes democracy profiles? Oliver Schlenkrich conceptualizes and measures different democracy profiles (e.g., libertarian-majoritarian or egalitarian-majoritarian democracies) based on trade-offs between the central democracy dimensions of political freedom, political equality, and political and legal control. In addition, the study conceptually and empirically develops a typology of political performance. Regarding the first research question, the empirical analyses of about 80 democracies from 1974 to 2017 indicate that there is not an overall better performing democracy profile. Thereby, the democracy profiles do not have an immediate effect, instead their effects require a longer period of time to manifest. With respect to the second research question, the empirical findings show that several structural and cultural factors are relevant (e.g., British heritage or a competitive culture). This work is mainly based on Bayesian statistics to cope with the complexity of the data and models.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Schlenkrich, Oliver},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-34880-9},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Origin and Performance of Democracy Profiles},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34880-9},
  year = 2021
}

@article{jozwiak2022family,
  abstract = {Why do younger cohorts in advanced democracies hold more conservative gender attitudes? Rather than understanding these attitudes as a “backlash,” I argue that these represent mixes of traditional and egalitarian attitudes that ultimately reflect the gendered character of family policies. Using an original dataset of family policies, I show that policies which alleviate care burdens and encourage workforce participation of mothers are related to support for working mothers. Conversely, policies which reinforce traditional divisions of labor are linked to greaterprevalence of essentialist beliefs. Different combinations of family policies cross-pressure gender attitudes, resulting in complex groupings, or “varieties of egalitarianism.”},
  author = {Jozwiak, Andreas},
  doi = {10.1093/sp/jxab007},
  eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/sp/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/sp/jxab007/36869689/jxab007.pdf},
  issn = {1072-4745},
  journal = {Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {215–239},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {It’s a Family (Policy) Affair: Family Policies and Heterogeneity in Gender Attitudes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxab007},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2022
}

@article{khilkhanov2022traditional,
  abstract = {Cultural codes, as a structured manifestation of cultural phenomena, are actualized during the rapid development of intercultural communication in the twentieth century. The main cultural codes include language and religion. To identify changes in religious value orientations in Russia, we analyzed data from mass surveys of the World Values Survey, which are in the public domain. The author analyzed databases on Russia for 1995 (3rd wave of research) and 2017 (7th wave of research). In 1995, Russia was just beginning to develop its Internet communications, 2017 describes the modern value orientations of Russians. French philosophers J. Deleuze and F. Guattari introduced the concept of rhizome as a symbol of poststructuralism and postmodernism. Rhizome implies a system where there is no hierarchy, centralization, linearity, orderliness. In the Internet era, the rhizomorphism of communications leads to a weakening of the traditional hierarchy, to a relatively low level of institutionalization, which is becoming a noticeable phenomenon in Russian religious denominations. Traditional cultural codes such as language and religion are inevitably transformed in the conditions of the Internet. The phenomenon of translinguality, partial loss of linguistic purity and the creation of new language hybrids characterize the development of language codes. The emergence of a virtual religious culture, the rhizomorphism of communication processes in the modern church, create more individualized, nonlinear forms of ritual, which inevitably weaken the principle of hierarchical centralization in religious organizations. In general, it can be noted that Russia’s movement towards the values of self-expression and individualism is accompanied by the rhizome effect, which manifests itself both in hybrid linguistic forms and in the weakening of hierarchical religious institutionalization.},
  author = {Khilkhanov, D. L.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.25688/2078- 9238.2022.43.3.3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {MCU Journal of Philosophical Sciences},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {29-43},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Традиционные культурные коды в эпоху Интернета (Traditional Cultural Codes in the Internet AGE)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.25688/2078- 9238.2022.43.3.3},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2022
}

@article{derose2021gender,
  abstract = {Religion has historically been a pronatalist force, but because it fosters traditional gender role attitudes, its importance for fertility may wane where gender equity is thought to be emerging as the new natalism. In this study, I used World Values Survey and European Values Survey data from 1989 to 2018 to determine whether more religious Northern countries are slower to develop the widespread egalitarian gender role attitudes associated with fertility recovery. I concluded that the "old natalism" and the "new natalism" do not compete with each other as much as their negative association implies that they might. By tracing the evolution of country‐level gender equity in more‐ and less religious countries of Europe and North America, I showed how country‐level religiosity does not dampen the potential for a gender equity‐stimulated fertility recovery. This paper also contributes by showing that the curvilinear relationship between gender equity and fertility has continued into more recent time periods than covered by previous work.},
  author = {DeRose, Laurie Fields},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1111/padr.12373},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Population & Development Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {41-55},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Gender Equity, Religion, and Fertility in Europe and North America},
  url = {https://doi.org/ 10.1111/padr.12373},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2021
}

@book{voss2021ignorieren,
  abstract = {Globalisierung, Migration und religiöse Pluralität, kontinuierlicher Rückgang der Kirchenmitgliedschaft und wachsender Fachkräftemangel fordern mono-konfessionelle Wohlfahrtsorganisationen zum Umgang mit interkultureller bzw. interreligiöser Vielfalt heraus. Auf der Basis von Interviews mit Führungskräften katholischer Einrichtungen in Deutschland und Litauen, zwei aufgrund ihrer sozial- und gesellschaftspolitischen Entwicklungen unterschiedlich geprägter Länder Europas, arbeitet die Autorin heraus, wie dort Diversity verhandelt wird. Sie macht dabei auf ein sogenanntes Diversity-Dilemma zwischen dem Bewahren konfessionell gesetzter Handlungsgrenzen über das ökonomisch erforderliche Dehnen dieser Grenzen bis hin zur Grenzüberschreitung aufmerksam und analysiert Strategien des Ignorierens, Imitierens und Integrierens der Vielfalt.},
  address = {Stuttgart},
  author = {Voß, Jolanta},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Kohlhammer},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Ignorieren - Imitieren - Integrieren. Umgang mit Vielfalt in konfessionellen Wohlfahrtsorganisationen},
  year = 2021
}

@article{stefanak2021relation,
  abstract = {Research on family structure and values has burgeoned over the past few decades. The purpose of this study is to observe whether family, freedom and religion can be considered as separate or connected values and focus on religion and freedom as perceived in selected European countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland and Czech Republic). The presented conclusions are based primarily on a representative empirical research of Slovaks’ value orientations (1000 respondents), carried out in 2019 as a part of the national research project. As such, they are intended to not be ideologically encumbered, but rather sociologically balanced. We also partially refer to the data from European Values Study carried out in 2017. The presented research consists of two main parts: Values of family, freedom and religion in selected European countries; and Relations between family, freedom and religion in Slovak society.},
  author = {Štefaňak, Ondrej and Zozuľaková, Viera},
  doi = {10.17846/SS.2021.6.1.86-101},
  journal = {Sociológia a spoločnosť},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {86-101},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {The relation of family, freedom and religion – separate or connected values? (sociological and ethical implications)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.17846/SS.2021.6.1.86-101},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2021
}

@article{czarnek2021rightwing,
  abstract = {The effects of education on people’s climate change beliefs vary as a function of political ideology: for those on the political left, education is related to pro-climate change beliefs, whereas for those on the political right, these effects are weak or negative. This phenomenon has been examined mainly in the US, where climate change has become a highly politicized issue; however, climate change is less politicized in other contexts. Here we analyse the effects of education and political ideology across 64 countries and show that education has positive effects on pro-climate change beliefs at low and mid-levels of development. At higher levels of development, right-wing ideology attenuates (but does not reverse) the positive effects of education. These analyses extend previous findings by systematically investigating the between-country variation in the relationship between education, ideology and climate change beliefs. The current findings suggest that US-centric theories on the topic should not be generally applied to other contexts uncritically.},
  author = {Czarnek, Gabriela and Kossowska, Małgorzata and Szwed, Paulina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1038/s41558-020-00930-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v1.0.0},
  issn = {17586798},
  journal = {Nature Climate Change},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {9–13},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Right-wing ideology reduces the effects of education on climate change beliefs in more developed countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00930-6},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{popescu2022grandparents,
  abstract = {In this chapter, we study the relationship between grandparents’ availability for childcare and mothers’ work by analysing information that reflects three different points of view: the point of view of mothers, and more generally of families, who have the task of reconciling work and family; the point of view of grandparents, who may (not) be in a position to help their children with the care of their grandchildren; and the opinion spread in different countries regarding duties across generations. We analyse data from different European countries that, in recent years, participated in the following three surveys: the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, the Survey on Health Aging Retirement in Europe, and the European Value Study. We find a positive influence of grandparents’ help on mothers’ employment. Grandparents’ availability for childcare is influenced by their characteristics as well as by the characteristics of their extended families. Beliefs about the importance of work in life and the role of mothers in the society are, respectively, associated with the probability of giving help and asking for help.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Popescu, Lorena and Pronzato, Chiara},
  booktitle = {Mothers in the Labor Market},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-99780-9_6},
  editor = {Molina, José Alberto},
  isbn = {9783030997809},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {123-135},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study = {EVS2017 ; EU-SILC 2015},
  title = {Grandparents’ Care and Mothers’ Work in Europe. Taking Different Points of View},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99780-9_6},
  year = 2022
}

@article{andreenkova2020crossnational,
  abstract = {Cross-national differences in the subjective evaluation of happiness in the post-Soviet countries range substantially from 63% in Moldova to 96% in Uzbekistan. Conventional linear economic model fails to explain those differences. The data of four trend comparative surveys (WVS, EVS, ISSP and ESS) shows that two different sets of factors inﬂuence the evaluation of happiness among general population in this region. National characteristics and cultural factors have the main impact in Central Asian countries, Azerbaĳan and Armenia. This group of countries is characterized by the high level of happiness scores, low differentiation of scores among general population and weak relationship between the evaluation of happiness and economic or political indicators. In contrast, socio-economic factors, such as the level of economic development, freedom from corruption, and human capital play the major role in explaining happiness in Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Baltic countries and Georgia These countries are characterized by lower general happiness scores and stronger relation of it with socio-demographic and economic factors. Large cross-national differences in subjective evaluation of happiness can be explained by the differences in mechanisms and factors inﬂuencing the percept ion of happiness in the post-Soviet countries.},
  author = {Andreenkova, A.V.},
  doi = {10.14515/monitoring.2020.1.13},
  journal = {Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {316-339},
  study = {ISSP2013 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Межстрановые различия в уровне счастья в постсоветских странах - сравнительный анализ (Cross-National Differences in Level of Happiness in the Post-Soviet Countries: A Comparative Analysis)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2020.1.13},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{2021,
  abstract = {Анализ влияния религиозности на трансформацию семейных ценностей белорусов показал, что традиционализация ценностей происходит за счет двух параллельных тенденций. Первая — увеличение популярности традиционных взглядов на семейные отношения за счет увеличения количества религиозных людей, а вторая — традиционализация семейных ценностей среди остальных групп населения.},
  address = {Moskau},
  author = {Артёменко-Мельянцова, Е.К. and Титаренко, Л.Г.},
  booktitle = {СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ НАРРАТИВ 2021. Общество в контексте новых вызовов: риски и возможности},
  editor = {Анисимов, Р.И.},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {190-193},
  publisher = {РГГУ, Социолог},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Влияние религиозности на трансформацию семейных ценностей на примере Беларуси},
  url = {https://www.rsuh.ru/upload/main/sf/publikatsii/sbornik_soc_narrativ_2021.pdf#page=190},
  year = 2021
}

@article{gidron2022right,
  abstract = {Mainstream parties in Western Europe are increasingly struggling to hold together their base of support. As a lens for exploring this changing electoral landscape, this article focuses on the growing share of the electorate that is cross-pressured between conservative and progressive attitudes on economic and cultural issues. It argues that a stable asymmetry characterizes Western European mass attitudes: while support for the left is common among voters with progressive attitudes on both issues, it is enough to be conservative on one issue to turn right. Analyzing survey data collected from 1990 to 2017, the study shows that cross-pressures are resolved in favor of the right and examines the trade-offs this poses to center-right parties. These findings contribute to debates on electoral dealignment and realignment and shed light on the electoral choices of the center-right.},
  author = {Gidron, Noam},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1017/S0007123420000228},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {146-161},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Many Ways to be Right: Cross-Pressured Voters in Western Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123420000228},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2022
}

@article{gutmann2022testing,
  abstract = {Many years ago, Emmanuel Todd came up with a classification of family types and argued that the historically prevalent family types in a society have important consequences for its economic, political, and social development. Here, we evaluate Todd's most important predictions empirically. Relying on a parsimonious model with exogenous covariates, we find mixed results. On the one hand, authoritarian family types are, in stark contrast to Todd's predictions, associated with increased levels of the rule of law and innovation. On the other hand, and in line with Todd's expectations, communitarian family types are linked to racism, low levels of the rule of law, and late industrialization. Countries in which endogamy is frequently practiced also display an expectedly high level of state fragility and weak civil society organizations.},
  author = {Gutmann, Jerg and Voigt, Stefan},
  doi = {10.1017/S1744137421000175},
  journal = {Journal of Institutional Economics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {101-118},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Testing Todd: family types and development},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137421000175},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{vasile2021fericire,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Vasile, Marian},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {24-37},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Fericire, securitate socio-economică și valori materialiste-postmaterialiste},
  year = 2021
}

@article{talibi2022contributions,
  abstract = {Performing international activities is a challenging operation given the heterogeneity of the international market which makes practically impossible the development of successful standardized strategies for the entire world’s population. Finding homogeneous international customer segments helps companies to better communicate with the targeted customers by concentrating on a few units, a group, or several groups. Depending on the study purpose, the segmentation results may help to select potentially attractive international markets, to develop in the context of a global marketing standardized strategies for a segment of countries, or to develop in the context of an international marketing a totally or partially differentiated strategy for several groups. Thus, international segmentation has become an indispensable task in the strategic decision-making process for various international business research questions. Consequently, choosing the relevant segmentation bases and the statistical method represent crucial steps to carry out to identify segments of customers. Actually, research studies in which an international market is segmented mainly employ as bases socio-economic or cultural variables. Moreover, in these studies, since the purpose of the analysis is usually to discover a priori unknown segments in an international population, the segmentation task is performed by clustering techniques. Typically, in this scientific research, to facilitate the interpretation of the results, the segmentation task is preceded by factor analysis to reduce a large number of the initial variables into a few dimensions or factors. However, on the one hand, factor analysis usually generates a loss of information and distortion of reality. On the other hand, the set of the variables initially considered may contain irrelevant variables that might lead to incorrect classification. Therefore, to retain only relevant information for the clustering task: variable selection should be performed to reduce the data dimension before considering a factor analysis.As shown by the numerical experiments,conducted on the basis of two secondary databases: the 03/07/2018 updates of the structure of consumption expenditure published by Eurostat including 32 countries of the European Union and its neighboring countries and the 15/04/2016 version of the updated European Values Study data including customers from 48 European countries, it will allow discovering the accurate groups and facilitate result interpretation. As a result, variable selection allows discovering relevant segments that are easy to interpret. Thus, once the variable selection is performed, the segmentation results will enable relevant and accurate analysis and support correct decision-making.},
  author = {Talibi, Abdelghafour},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6969989},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {4-3},
  pages = {498-530},
  title = {Contributions of Clustering Variable Selection: Methods for International Segmentation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6969989},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2022
}

@book{pietro2020crowdfunding,
  abstract = {This is the first book of its kind to systematically integrate crowdfunding in the entrepreneurial finance research field and extend the current debate to show how crowdfunding can be leveraged as a strategic tool to grow new ventures. Utilising original empirical evidence of companies that have raised funds via crowdfunding, it discusses the value-added services that the crowd provides to entrepreneurs, as well as how and under which conditions crowdfunding helps company development by facilitating subsequent access to critical financial and non-financial resources from external stakeholders. The first part introduces the most popular models and tactics for a successful crowdfunding campaign and illustrates the characteristics of the crowdfunding phenomenon and its evolution across the world during the last decade. The second part of the book, demonstrating how crowdfunding can be a starting point to seed financing, illustrates and discusses how entrepreneurs can use crowdfunding as a strategic tool for accessing subsequent resources from external stakeholders – showing the benefits, beyond capital, that entrepreneurs can gain from the crowd, as well as potential risks. Crowdfunding for Entrepreneurs is particularly useful for academics, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in entrepreneurship and innovation, entrepreneurial finance, strategic management, as well as professionals interested in how crowdfunding can be utilised as a strategic tool to create competitive advantage.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Pietro, Francesca Di},
  doi = {10.4324/9780429319785},
  isbn = {9780429319785},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Crowdfunding for Entrepreneurs. Developing Strategic Advantage through Entrepreneurial Finance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429319785},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{charalampi2022political,
  abstract = {This chapter discusses validation of the 2008 European Social Survey and European Values Study, a measurement of political trust in national institutions for Greece, Portugal and Spain when items are considered as pseudo-interval and ordinal. The structure identified by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was then investigated by carrying out confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Scaling theory presupposes investigation of scales? structures and assessment of the psychometric properties of the scale or subscales by ascertaining their reliability and validity. The scale was constructed for the full sample for all countries of both surveys by averaging the defining items so that low and high scores would indicate low and high levels of political trust and descriptive statistics were computed. The demonstration of the complex sequence of decisions required in performing EFA and CFA, based on current theory and practice, are the strengths of the study.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Charalampi, Anastasia and Tsouparopoulou, Eva and Tsiganou, Joanna and Michalopoulou, Catherine},
  booktitle = {Data Analysis and Related Applications, Volume 1: Computational, Algorithmic and Applied Economic Data Analysis},
  doi = {10.1002/9781394165513},
  editor = {Zafeiris, Konstantinos N. and Skiadas, Christos H. and Dimotikalis, Yiannis and Karagrigoriou, Alex and Karagrigoriou-Vonta, Christiana},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {81-98},
  publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
  series = {Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Data Analysis Set},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Political Trust in National Institutions: The Significance of Items' Level of Measurement in the Validation of Constructs},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394165513},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2022
}

@article{bartolomeperal2020attitudes,
  abstract = {Fundamental aspects of human existence such as birth and death are at the core of our values and profoundly sensitive to our religious beliefs, our ideals as a society, and our opinions on the extent to which individuals may interfere in these basic life issues. This article analyses the factors that explain people’s attitudes towards key beginning- and end-of-life issues. To do this, we first tracked variations across two points in time, and then looked at the effects of value orientations and socio-demographic factors in comparative perspective across countries. Based on previous literature, we consider justification for euthanasia, abortion, and in vitro fertilisation as a latent variable using European Value Study data from the 2008 and 2017 waves. Five European societies were analysed: Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Russia. All the countries observed showed growing levels of justification for these practices, although significant differences were found in the value orientation effects and respondents’ background variables on attitudes towards life and death issues. In order to properly address comparability, multi-group confirmatory factor analyses across countries and across waves were conducted, and measurement invariance tested. From our analyses, we can conclude that age and religiosity, alongside other sociodemographic variables, are important explanatory factors in the justification of life and death issues in all the countries examined; however, value orientations show less conclusive effects on such attitudes.},
  author = {Bartolomé-Peral, Edurne and Coromina, Lluis},
  doi = {10.13060/csr.2020.052},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {835-862},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudes towards Life and Death in Europe: A Comparative Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.052},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2020
}

@book{roth2022intangible,
  abstract = {For several decades now, advanced economies across the globe have been undergoing a process of rapid transformation towards becoming knowledge economies. It is now widely recognized that intangible capital has been a crucial element in the growth performance of these economies and their firms. In the author's view, “intangible capital” serves as the most appropriate umbrella term for capturing several dimensions of capital that are not tangible in nature but are nevertheless fundamentally important for growth. The term encompasses investments in education (human capital) and in informal (social capital) and formal (rule of law) institutions by the public sector and households, as well as investments by businesses aimed at enhancing their knowledge base, such as software, innovative property, and economic competencies. Intangible Capital and Growth is the first of two open access volumes presenting a selection of the author’s essays on Labor Productivity, Monetary Economics, and the Political Economy, which represent the first part of his habilitation in economics. This first volume brings together eight of the author's essays, selected to provide an overview of the evolution of his research on intangible capital and growth. },
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Roth, Felix},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-86186-5},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Intangible Capital and Growth: Essays on Labor Productivity, Monetary Economics, and Political Economy, Vol. 1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86186-5},
  year = 2022
}

@article{garciamunoz2021explaining,
  abstract = {In this article, we investigate the determinants of individuals’ opinions concerning the economic impact of immigrants. Unlike most previous studies, we use a large sample of 61 countries (Joint WVS/EVS 2017–2020 dataset) that are either net receivers or net emitters of migrants. Using a multilevel model, we test the effect of individuals’ characteristics and of several macroeconomic variables on the assessment of immigrants’ impact on development. We highlight that natives’ evaluation of the economic consequences of immigration is more influenced by age, trust, education, and income than by contextual variables such as growth, inflation, inequalities, income level, or number of immigrants in the country. Our results match with the hypothesis that immigrants are considered substitutes for low- and medium-skilled workers in capital-abundant countries. However, neither labour-market nor welfare-state considerations can be considered as the main drivers of the appraisals made about the economic impact of immigration. Our results tend to confirm the prediction that greater contact with immigrants reduces anti-immigrant opinions, in particular for skilled people. In contrast, immigrant inflows lead low- and medium-skilled people to make worse judgments concerning the economic consequences of immigration. All in all, our results validate the view that education comprises a major part of the cognitive assessment of the role played by immigrants in the economy, at least in high-income countries.},
  author = {García‐Muñoz, Teresa María and Milgram‐Baleix, Juliette},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.17645/pag.v9i4.4487},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Migration and Refugee Flows: New Insights},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {159-173},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Explaining Attitudes Towards Immigration: The Role of Economic Factors},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i4.4487},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2021
}

@article{campante2022media,
  abstract = {We survey the empirical literature in economics on the impact of media technologies on social capital. Guided by a simple model of information and collective action, we cover a range of different outcomes related to social capital—from social and political participation to interpersonal trust—in its benign and destructive manifestations. The impact of media technologies hinges on their content (information versus entertainment), their effectiveness in fostering coordination, and the networks they create as well as on individual characteristics and media consumption choices.},
  author = {Campante, Filipe and Durante, Ruben and Tesei, Andrea},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-economics-083121-050914},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Annual Review of Economics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {69-91},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Media and Social Capital},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-083121-050914},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2022
}

@article{belot2021disentangling,
  abstract = {National identity claims have taken a growing importance in the French political landscape these last decades. While representations of French national identity have long been scrutinised from an elite perspective, much less is known about “What is it to be French?” from a citizen’s perspective. This article aims at filling this gap. Using the European Values Study data, from 1981 to 2018, it first offers a general measure of change in French people national claims during that period. Building on a classification, it then proposes to disentangle five different types of French nationalism. Finally, the article tests the explanatory power of these types of nationalism on support for attitudes and a few policy preferences which involve representations of the in-group and the out-group such as immigration and solidarity policies.},
  author = {Belot, Céline},
  doi = {10.1057/s41253-020-00145-3},
  issn = {14763427},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {218-249},
  refid = {Belot2021},
  study = {ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Disentangling varieties of French nationalism, why does it matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-020-00145-3},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@article{hadarics2021relationship,
  abstract = {In the current paper, we report the analysis of the relationship between meritocracy belief and subjective well-being using two large international databases, the European Social Survey Program (N = 44,387) and the European Values Study Program (N = 51,752), involving data gathered from 36 countries in total. We investigated whether low status individuals are more likely to psychologically benefit from endorsing meritocratic beliefs, and the same benefits are more pronounced in more unequal societies. Since meritocracy belief can function as a justification for income differences, we assumed that the harsher the objective reality is, the higher level of subjective well-being can be maintained by justifying this harsh reality. Therefore, we hypothesized that the palliative function of meritocracy belief is stronger for both low social status (low income) individuals, and for those living in an unequal social environment (in countries with larger income differences). Our multilevel models showed a positive relationship between meritocracy belief and subjective well-being, which relationship was moderated by both individual-level income status and country-level income differences in both studies. Based on these results, we concluded that the emotional payoff of justifying income inequalities is larger if one is more strongly affected by these inequalities.},
  author = {Hadarics, Márton and Kende, Anna and Szabó, Zsolt Péter},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.709080},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1664-1078},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Relationship Between Income Inequality and the Palliative Function of Meritocracy Belief: The Micro- and the Macro-Levels Both Count},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.709080},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@article{topulli2020overview,
  abstract = {Albania is characterized by the centuries-old presence of the two world religions, Islam and Christianity, with its two largest branches, the Catholic and the Orthodox Church. During the communist regime, religion was banned and the country was declared an atheist by the constitution of 1967. From that period until 2011, there was no state-level religious registration. In 2011 the National Census was conducted which included in its questionnaire the question of religious affiliation. The results given by this census in this regard were debated and rejected by some as unrealistic. But meanwhile, rarely tried anyone to consider other data in thisregard. Thisresearch focuses exactly on the percentage of religious affiliation of the citizens of the Republic of Albania presented not only by the Census but also by 21 surveys conducted by various institutions in the period from 1991 to 2019.},
  author = {Topulli, Justinian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10176 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4783 v1.1.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {2056-5429},
  journal = {European Journal of Research in Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {29-50},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {An overview of religious belonging percentage in Albania},
  url = {http://www.idpublications.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Full-Paper-AN-OVERVIEW-OF-RELIGIOUS-BELONGING-PERCENTAGE-IN-ALBANIA.pdf},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2020
}

@article{campossoria2021environmental,
  abstract = {This article analyzes the main determinants of pro-environmental concern of European tourists when they make holiday decisions. Tourist environmental concern depends not only on individual and travel-related attributes, but also on the characteristics of the tourists’ place of residence. Thus, this article simultaneously applies micro and macro approaches using hierarchical linear models, which can estimate variations in tourists’ environmental concern because of between-country and within-country differences. Specifically, the heterogeneous pattern across European countries in the level of environmental concern is mainly explained by between-country economic, cultural, and environmental differences. Within-country variability in the level of pro-environmental concern is mainly explained by individual and travel-related variables, and particularly by the characteristics of the destination. The results demonstrate that environmental concern varies depending on whether the destination is booked via a last-minute offer or not, whether it is a traditional or emergent destination, and whether the trip is abroad or domestic.},
  author = {Campos-Soria, Juan A. and Núñez-Carrasco, J. Aníbal and García-Pozo, Alejandro},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10082},
  doi = {10.1177%2F0047287520933686},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5217 v1.0.0},
  issn = {00472875},
  journal = {Journal of Travel Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {532-545},
  study = {EVS},
  study-id = {FlashEB281},
  title = {Environmental Concern and Destination Choices of Tourists: Exploring the Underpinnings of Country Heterogeneity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0047287520933686},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2021
}

@book{lipovska2020political,
  abstract = {This book examines secessionism, separatism, and calls for independence in the European Union in recent history and within an economic context. It contributes to the deeper understanding of factors influencing the individual decision-making processes around secession, using economic analysis to answer a set of simple questions about who the secessionists are, what they really want, what their incentives are, and why it is easier to declare their secessionist tendencies than to vote for secession. This a highly topical theme, given the secessionist referenda in Catalonia, Scotland, Ukraine, Kosovo, and the United Kingdom, and this book offers a unique contribution to the debate. It is based on an exclusive survey carried out among members of the pro-independence parties and movements across 17 European countries and 56 European regions. It uses the instruments of the Political Economy of Conflict to reveal the importance of romantic and economic factors influencing the drive towards secession. Secessions have been regarded as a purely romantic phenomenon that cannot be rationalised, whereas this book connects the sensibility of romantic factors such as language, religion or ethnicity with the sense of economic factors through its rational, economic approach. Furthermore, it applies the standard methodology of microeconomic analysis to discover the impact of individual pro-secessionist factors. An integral part of the text presents a brief historic overview, uncovering the lesser-known path dependency. The book will find an audience among researchers, scholars, and students of economics and political science, as well as policy-makers and professionals engaged with a secessionist agenda.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Lipovská, Hana},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003020295},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA6595 ; ZA6966},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS2008},
  study-id = {EB83.4 ; FlashEB472},
  title = {The Political Economy of Independence in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003020295},
  year = 2020
}

@article{vanneste2021generalized,
  abstract = {Going beyond prior research that has focused on dyadic, party-specific trust, this study investigates the importance of generalized trust, which is not specific to a counterparty and originates from a broader context. We analyze how generalized trust at the regional level affects the extent to which a firm relies on external suppliers and the performance effects of doing so. Furthermore, we assess how these relationships are impacted by an economic downturn. We exploit differences in generalized trust across 145 regions in 12 European countries and use data on more than a million small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) before and during the Great Financial Crisis (from 2008 to 2010). Control variables are selected via a double-selection procedure based on machine learning. We find that firms in high generalized trust regions, compared with those in low generalized trust regions, source more externally (but do not reduce external sourcing less in an economic downturn) and benefit more from external sourcing during an economic downturn.},
  author = {Vanneste, Bart S. and Gulati, Ranjay},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1287/orsc.2021.1500},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {10477039},
  journal = {Organization Science},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1599-1619},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Generalized Trust, External Sourcing, and Firm Performance in Economic Downturns},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1500},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2021
}

@article{ciziceno2021influence,
  abstract = {Italy is the cradle of Catholicism and, despite the secularization process, religion continues to be part of its national culture. Although Italian sociologists have investigated the religious paradigm in Italy, there are aspects of such phenomenon still little explored. This paper examines the potential influence religion has on individuals’ life satisfaction. Data from the European Value Study survey provides evidence of a two-way interaction between religion and life satisfaction, with a substantial effect only in the case of public religious forms. This association seems to be moved by the mechanism of social support, and it differs across Italian regions. Results confirm the hypothesis that in areas of Italy more exposed to social isolation religion is associated whit life satisfaction because, in those areas, religion supplies peoples’ need to belong. Further confirmation of this analysis came from the fact that in grey zones of “religious conformism” the influence of religion on life satisfaction is marginal.},
  author = {Ciziceno, Marco},
  doi = {10.13136/isr.v11i2.449},
  journal = {Italian Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {467-484},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Influence of Religion on Life Satisfaction in Italy},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.13136/isr.v11i2.449},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2021
}

@article{yang2022education,
  abstract = {Utilizing exogenous variation in educational attainment induced by compulsory schooling reforms in 15 European countries, this study estimates the causal effect of education on individuals’ attitudes towards sexual minorities with a regression discontinuity design. Using data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, this study finds more education reduces individuals’ prejudice against sexual minorities. The findings imply minimum schooling policies can help to build a culture that is more tolerant of sexual minorities, which is beneficial to the minorities’ wellbeing and social cohesion. },
  author = {Yang, Songtao},
  doi = {10.1080/13504851.2021.1963406},
  journal = {Applied Economics Letters},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 19,
  pages = {1840-1846},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {More education, less prejudice against sexual minorities? Evidence from compulsory schooling reforms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2021.1963406},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{vecera2022normativn,
  address = {Plzeň},
  author = {Večeřa, Miloš},
  booktitle = {In memoriam Zdeněk Masopust},
  doi = {10.24132/ZCU.2022.10880.270-285},
  editor = {Jermanová, Helena},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {270-285},
  publisher = {Západočeská univerzita v Plzni},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Normativní a Spelečenské Aspekty Důvěry v Právo},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.24132/ZCU.2022.10880.270-285},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{voicu2021valori,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {165-174},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Valori parentale: ce ar trebui să învețe copiii?},
  year = 2021
}

@book{molteni2020religion,
  address = {Leiden, Niederlande},
  author = {Molteni, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004443273},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9789004443273},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A Need for Religion: Insecurity and Religiosity in the Contemporary World},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004443273},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{visuri2021doden,
  author = {Visuri, Ingela},
  booktitle = {Den nya människan},
  editor = {Axelsson, T. and Hylén, T.},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Döden i klassrummet: en brygga mellan sekulära och religiösa elever},
  year = 2021
}

@article{hansen2022predicting,
  abstract = {This article explores explanations for attitudes towards the acceptability of transactional sex. The sparse research investigating attitudes towards transactional sex uncovers a link between gender equality, or feminism, and a lack of support for the trade in sex. However, there are no research agendas that attempt to explain variance in attitudes towards transactional sex where support for gender equality is widespread throughout a population.},
  author = {Hansen, Michael A. and Johansson, Isabelle},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.1007/s13178-020-00527-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {15536610},
  journal = {Sexuality Research and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {91-104},
  refid = {Hansen2021},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Predicting Attitudes Towards Transactional Sex: The Interactive Relationship Between Gender and Attitudes on Sexual Behaviour},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00527-w},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{ozturk2021stimme,
  abstract = {Dieser Beitrag liefert eine vergleichende Analyse der jüngsten Welle der European Values Study und beleuchtet den Zusammenhang von antimuslimischen Ressentiments und der Unterstützung für rechtspopulistische Parteien. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass (a) ablehnende Haltungen gegenüber Muslim*innen eine Identifikation mit rechtspopulistischen Parteien begünstigen, (b) dass sich dieser Individualzusammenhang zu einem paneuropäischen Phänomen entwickelt hat, welcher losgelöst von der An- oder Abwesenheit von Muslim*innen operieren kann und (c), dass die Prävalenz eines antimuslimischen Gesellschaftsklimas den machtpolitischen Aufstieg rechtspopulistischer Parteien begünstigt hat. Da das „Feindbild Islam“ besonders gut in Gesellschaften gedeihen kann, in denen kaum Muslim*innen leben, konnten Osteuropas Rechtspopulist*innen sogar paradoxerweise von der Abwesenheit von Muslim*innen profitieren. Getragen von einem nationalistischen Grundkonsens in der Gesellschaft sind Rechtspopulist*innen in Osteuropa in Machtpositionen gelangt und verstehen es geschickt die Elitenschelte auf die Europäische Union und internationale Akteure umzulenken. Gepflegt wird das Zerrbild einer internationalen Elite, die die Einwanderung von Muslim*innen orchestriert und vorantreibt und gegen die das Volk durch die rechtspopulistischen Regierungen geschützt werden muss. Muslim*innenfeindschaft entfaltet somit mehr und mehr ein antidemokratisches Potenzial und begünstigt die Abwendung von der liberalen Demokratie.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Öztürk, Cemal and Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Populismus an der Macht: Strategien und Folgen populistischen Regierungshandelns},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-33263-1_3},
  editor = {Muno, Wolfgang and Pfeiffer, Christian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-33263-1},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {61-100},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Eine Stimme gegen die Invasion der Muslim*innen? Zur Bedeutung muslim*innenfeindlicher Einstellungen für die Mobilisierungserfolge und den machtpolitischen Aufstieg rechtspopulistischer Parteien in Europa},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33263-1_3},
  year = 2021
}

@article{roudometof2019economic,
  abstract = {Unlike many other Orthodox Churches, the Church of Cyprus evolved in a historically distinct trajectory, maintaining an institutional independence from post-1878 colonial authorities. This status was codified in the 1960 Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus. As a result, although it lost much of its estates during the British period, as well as after the 1974 Turkish invasion, the church was able to continue to operate as an independent economic agent both during the British era as well as during the post-1960 era. The church’s hierarchs adopted a quite rare model of “businessman bishop”, whereby some of its bishops became heavily involved in numerous economic activities. The Archiepiscopal Throne also invested heavily in the banking sector, tourism, commercial companies, manufacturing, etc. This intertwining between economic entrepreneurship and religious institutions is certainly a departure from the typical state-church model prevalent in most Orthodox nations. The effects of the post-2008 crisis on the church’s portfolio were extensive and placed numerous fiscal restrictions on its various activities. For this reason, following the March 2013 EU decisions concerning the island’s banking sector, the church has been quite vocal in protecting its interests – as well as framing this response in terms of the general public good.},
  author = {Roudometof, Victor},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Archives de sciences sociales des religions},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 185,
  pages = {107-124},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The economic activities of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{gerbrands2021policy,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Gerbrands, Peter and Unger, Brigitte},
  booktitle = {Combating Fiscal Fraud and Empowering Regulators: Bringing Tax Money Back into the Coffers},
  editor = {Unger, Brigitte and Rossel, Lucia and Ferwerda, Joras},
  isbn = {978-0198854722},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {272-310},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Policy Reform Effects in the Tax Ecosystem An Agent-Based Simulation Approach},
  url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/combating-fiscal-fraud-and-empowering-regulators-9780198854722?cc=de&lang=en&},
  year = 2021
}

@inproceedings{golinski2020digital,
  abstract = {A new civilization revolution-commonly referred to as digital-is unfolding before our eyes. The changes it entails will affect the society, economy, culture and politics-virtually all areas of our reality. The world that is being created will be subject to constant change. An analysis of the relationship between digitalization processes and social capital in EU countries, with special attention to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), is the objective of this paper. Its results reveal a low level of social capital (SC) in the countries of this region, which constitutes a development barrier that may exclude CEE countries from fully benefiting from civilization transformations and catch them in the middle-income trap.},
  address = {Granada, Spanien},
  author = {Goliński, Michał},
  booktitle = {36th IBIMA Conference},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  eventdate = {04.-05.11.2020},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-0-9998551-5-7},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  organization = {International Business Information Management Association},
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Digital Economy and Social Capital. On the Example of Selected EU Countries},
  year = 2020
}

@book{gantenbein2021converted,
  abstract = {Rather than reconsidering contemporary culture in light of secularization, much of the western church operates with a degree of nostalgia. She has yet to fully embrace prospective, innovative models for what form her task might take in some of Christianity’s historic heartlands. Amidst rapidly declining church membership, contextualizing the Gospel for the contemporary West is an urgent task for churches and Christians living in this context. This book seeks an interdisciplinary, international, and ecumenical response to this challenge, uniting historical, sociological, theological, and missiological perspectives. Benefiting from recent studies in sociology of religion, Dr. Gantenbein offers several detailed contextual case studies before establishing correlations between western cultural-religious characteristics and corresponding theological affirmations. This study includes several unexpected dimensions, including the development of a theological aesthetic in tension with the typically Word-alone tradition of Protestantism; a constructive reading of the book of Revelation as a source for contemporary aesthetic missiology; reflections on a soteriology for the postmodern era; and a proposal for an anonymous ecclesiology within a European context where churches are viewed with growing suspicion. With rare perspicacity, Gantenbein’s study creatively calls churches to apply renewed intellectual rigor in faithfulness to their common purpose.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Gantenbein, Jean-Georges},
  isbn = {9781793633828},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Can the West Be Converted? Towards a Contextual Theology for the West},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{gielens2022value,
  abstract = {Following up on Loek Halman’s work on value change and stability, we investigate public opinion patterns between 1990 and 2017 in the Netherlands. While large-scale societal processes raise perceptions of severe value changes over time, prior research has shown that Dutch citizens generally rely on already existing values ingrained in Dutch society. Based on theories regarding fundamental differences between values, attitudes, and preferences, we propose different expectations regarding stability and change in public opinion. Based on regression analyses of European Values Study data (1990-2017), we find three main trends in the Dutch public opinion landscape: 1) conservatism and religiosity are declining, 2) preferences for government involvement grow, and 3) materialist values increasingly tend to be prioritized over post-materialist values. Given the revival of economic instability and the rise of cultural insecurity, we conclude that while circumstances change, people’s attitudinal reaction generally does not. With the addition of new waves, the European Values Study will continue to deepen our understanding of value development and its relation to changing environments.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Gielens, Erwin and Muis, Quita},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {376-387},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  series = {European Values Series},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Same old, same old? Value change and stability in the Netherlands},
  url = {https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/same-old-same-old-value-change-and-stability-in-the-netherlands},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2022
}

@article{rysava2021factors,
  abstract = {This paper is analyzing tax morale in three selected European countries through the evaluation of the results of the European Values Study. The main aim is to identify the factors that influence taxpayers' decisions on the issue of whether they justify cheating on tax or not.The dependence and effect of selected factors were determined by analyzing data from the latest European Values Study (2019). The analysis revealed that not only demographic factors (gender, age), but also other socio-economic and institutional factors (religion, willingness to defend the home country, being a proud citizen, trust in government and respect for authorities) have a significant impact on taxpayers' justification of cheating on taxes. This research is specifically focused on the Czech Republic, Poland and Spain.},
  author = {Ryšavá, Tereza and Zídková, Hana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.2478/revecp-2021-0017},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Review of Economic Perspectives},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {385-409},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {What are the factors of tax evasion? New findings in the EVS Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2021-0017},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2021
}

@article{rodrigues2021drives,
  abstract = {We built upon a recent study by Rodrigues, Fasoli, Huic, and Lopes (2018) by investigating potential mechanisms driving the dehumanization of consensual non-monogamous (CNM) partners. Using a between-subjects experimental design, we asked 202 Portuguese individuals (158 women; Mage = 29.17, SD = 9.97) to read the description of two partners in a monogamous, open, or polyamorous relationship, and to make a series of judgments about both partners. Results showed the expected dehumanization effect, such that both groups of CNM partners (open and polyamorous) were attributed more primary (vs. secondary) emotions, whereas the reverse was true for monogamous partners. Moreover, results showed that the dehumanization effect was driven by the perception of CNM partners as less moral and less committed to their relationship. However, these findings were observed only for individuals with unfavorable (vs. favorable) attitudes toward CNM relationship. Overall, this study replicated the original findings and extended our understanding of why people in CNM relationships are stigmatized.},
  author = {Rodrigues, David L. and Lopes, Diniz and Huic, Aleksandra},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1007/s10508-020-01895-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {15732800},
  journal = {Archives of Sexual Behavior},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1587-1597},
  refid = {Rodrigues2021},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {What Drives the Dehumanization of Consensual Non-Monogamous Partners?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01895-5},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2021
}

@article{ladini2021convergenza,
  abstract = {During the last forty years, confidence in several institutions has broadly changed among Italian people. However, patterns of variations are highly dependent on the type of institution. Confidence in political-administrative institutions did not substantially vary; confidence in order institutions has substantially increased; instead, confidence in supernational institutions has dramatically collapsed, especially during the last decade. This work aims at providing an original interpretation of the variation of the three dimensions of confidence in institutions by highlighting the role of the political context in shaping those attitudes. In particular, we argue that variation in parties’ positions toward institutions could lead to a change in confidence in order and supernational institutions. By using longitudinal data coming from the Italian edition of the European Values Study (from 1981 to 2018), we offer indirect evidence to our argumentation by analysing trends of confidence in those institutions by political orientation, measured by the left-right scale.},
  author = {Ladini, Riccardo},
  doi = {10.4000/qds.4755},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  journal = {Quaderni di sociologia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 45,
  pages = {65-88},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Tra convergenza e divergenza: orientamento politico e fiducia degli italiani verso le istituzioni},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.4755},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2021
}

@article{poggio2020virus,
  abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic has brought to light, exacerbating them, the structural and cultural weaknesses that have already characterized the gender structures in society. The paper offers a review of the different implications that the crisis has had on women and men from the point of view of lethality and health risks, occupational repercussions, care overload and the division of roles within families, violence domestic and recognition of rights, crisis management methods and involvement in defining future strategies. At the same time, the paper aims to show how this crisis could represent an opportunity to rethink the order and the dominant paradigms, in order to return a value to the dimensions of care, relationship and interdependence.},
  author = {Poggio, Barbara},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.53119/SE.2020.1.04},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologie},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {37-50},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Se il virus non è democratico. Squilibri di genere nella pandemia},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.53119/SE.2020.1.04},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2020
}

@article{silvestre2022abortion,
  abstract = {The European Values Study (EVS), and also the World Values Survey (WVS), have for decades included a question that asks about the degree of justification of different behaviors and actions, including abortion and euthanasia. Our research aims to study which factors influence the abortion/euthanasia association in Spain and whether this association is also observed in other countries. A factor analysis of the Spanish sample shows that a number of items related to sexuality and death tend to cluster together. This factor could be called “Eros-Thanatos,” and includes the justification of abortion and euthanasia, in terms of ideological consistency. The analysis shows that in Spain, as well as in Europe generally, not being a religious person is the principal factor associated with the greater justification of abortion and euthanasia. The article analyses whether this association in the Spanish data is something that can be generalized to other European countries or whether, on the contrary, there are factors such as culture and the historical past of the countries that modify the relationship. Correspondence analyses applied to different questions in the questionnaire show that it is possible to establish different dividing lines in Europe according to the values of its citizens, shaping a north-south axis and a west-east axis, in which the processes of secularization in Western Europe or the rise in institutional religion in the former Soviet republics might lie behind.},
  author = {Silvestre, Maria and Aristegui, Iratxe and Beloki, Usue},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13898},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2022.966711},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7501 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Abortion and euthanasia: Explanatory factors of an association in Thanatos. Analysis of the European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2022.966711},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2022
}

@article{safra2020tracking,
  abstract = {Social trust is linked to a host of positive societal outcomes, including improved economic performance, lower crime rates and more inclusive institutions. Yet, the origins of trust remain elusive, partly because social trust is difficult to document in time. Building on recent advances in social cognition, we design an algorithm to automatically estimate ratings of perceived trustworthiness evaluations from specific facial cues (such as muscle contractions associated with smiling) detected in European portraits in large historical databases. We used this measure as a proxy of social trust in history. Our results show that estimated levels of perceived trustworthiness in portraits increased over the period 1500–2000. Further analyses suggest that this rise of perceived trustworthiness is associated with increased living standards.},
  author = {Safra, Lou and Chevallier, Coralie and Grèzes, Julie and Baumard, Nicolas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18566-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {20411723},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-7},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Tracking historical changes in perceived trustworthiness in Western Europe using machine learning analyses of facial cues in paintings},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18566-7},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2020
}

@article{bognar2020believing,
  abstract = {This article explores the features of religiousness as it is supported by governmental policies in Hungary. The research interprets the values held by social actors in terms of their relationship to violations of norms that are sanctioned and those that are not sanctioned by the state. The analyses of our representative sample revealed a type of secularised religiousness in more than one dimension. The value orientations of religious people in Hungary appear to be aligned with secular society. The main trend seems to be that the moral judgements of religious people do not differ from those of the people who consider themselves not religious or atheist. Religious people in Hungary no longer find guidance in their religious tradition – which is regarded as obsolete in today’s secularised public discourse – but are oriented by the values of the secularised world, inevitably drifting away from their Christian roots. Differences between religious and not religious people appear only in certain position statements relating to homosexuals. },
  author = {Bognár, Bulcsu and Kmetty, Zoltán},
  doi = {10.1177/0037768620949064},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {576-598},
  study = {EVS2008)},
  title = {Believing without moralising: Secularised religiousness in Hungary},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768620949064},
  volume = 67,
  year = 2020
}

@article{robert2022balkans,
  abstract = {Following the publication of the article comparing Russians’ values with those expressed in Europe in the European Value Study (EVS) surveys, Futuribles rounds off this comparison of value-systems on the European continent by offering insight into the populations of the Balkan states. In the particularly tense geopolitical context prevailing as this issue goes to press (mid-March 2022), analysing and understanding how the values of Europeans are developing in different parts of the continent, seeing whether they are converging and supporting the democratic views predominant in the European Union, provide essential evidence for deciphering future developments and reactions to events.Drawing on EVS data from the 2008-2010 and 2017-2020 waves collected in Albania, Bosnia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia (Western Balkan countries involved in a process for integration into the European space), Max-Valentin Robert examines the views of their populations on the European Union and the notion of ‘Europeanness’ and their degree of adherence to democratic values. Though many values and criteria for membership of the general European family converge with the opinions found in EU states of long standing and in the Central and East European countries that joined in 2004, it also seems to be the case that adherence to the European democratic system is partly down to resentment (in reaction to the failures of their own institutions) and that it doesn’t exclude a benevolent attitude toward some more authoritarian alternatives. All in all, if the values of the Balkan populations show significant convergence with those of the populations of EU member states, the trend remains to be confirmed over the long term, as it is tested by current and future developments…},
  author = {Robert, Max-Valentin},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.448.0047},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {47-58},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Balkans and Europe: Convergence and diversity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/futur.448.0047},
  volume = 448,
  year = 2022
}

@article{yastrebov2022revisiting,
  abstract = {Previous research found that social inequality in educational attainment in Russia was invariant to the changes in the socio-political and economic context. It was a striking conclusion when judged against the narratives of the educational policy reforms, the demographic change, and the radical regime change in the early 1990s, all of which suggest that inequalities may have been affected to a non-trivial extent. We hypothesize that the failure to identify corresponding changes has to do with an insufficiently small statistical power of previous analyses and specific inference strategies. By pooling and analyzing relevant harmonizable data from multiple sources, we identify previously overlooked details in the long-term trend of inequality of educational opportunity in Russia, such as (a) a heightened level of inequality in the cohorts that received education during Stalin’s era; (b) some success of Khrushchev’s reforms that aimed to equalize access to higher education by introducing mechanisms (e.g., university quotas) explicitly favoring students with the rural and working-class origin; (c) the return towards more elitist trends following the reversal of Khrushchev’s reforms during Brezhnev’s era; (d) modest equalization in the final phase of state socialism under Gorbachev sustained until the first years after market transition in the 1990s. As far as the general trend is concerned, we find that inequality continuously declined from the early Soviet cohorts to the post-Soviet ones, which seems to be consistent with the theoretical and empirical arguments that link educational expansion to the equalization of educational opportunity.},
  author = {Yastrebov, Gordey},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100662},
  issn = {02765624},
  journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-16},
  study = {ISSP1999 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Revisiting the historical trend of educational stratification in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100662},
  volume = 77,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{pollack2021tendenzen,
  address = {Freiburg},
  author = {Pollack, Detlef},
  booktitle = {Wandel als Thema religiöser Selbstdeutung: Perspektiven aus Judentum, Christentum und Islam},
  editor = {Könemann, Judith and Seewald, Michael},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {13-36},
  publisher = {Herder},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; ISSP 1991-2008},
  title = {Tendenzen des religiösen Wandels},
  year = 2021
}

@article{brechon2021scularisation,
  abstract = {La sécularisation des sociétés a suscité de très nombreux débats au cours du xxe siècle. Une première période, très marquée par des sociologues cherchant à la combattre et à combattre la déchristianisation, a été suivie d’une prise d’autonomie par rapport au champ religieux : la sociologie de la religion s’est construite autour du paradigme dominant d’une sécularisation comme perte de pouvoir progressif des religions instituées. Mais depuis la fin du xxe siècle, les analyses sont plus nuancées. À l’aide des enquêtes European Values Study et International Social Survey Programme, cet article étudie les différentes facettes du religieux (rapport aux religions instituées, pratiques, sentiment religieux, croyances, dimension conséquentielle) qui n’évoluent pas nécessairement dans le même sens : des recompositions complexes s’opèrent, souvent sur le mode du possible et de l’incertitude même si la sécularisation correspond à un système de valeurs particulier, toujours assez distinct de celui des croyants. Cet article cherche à mieux comprendre le mouvement de sécularisation et les résistances des religions.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.3917/anso.212.0301},
  isbn = {9782130828709},
  journal = {L'Année sociologique},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {301-336},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Sécularisation, théories et empirie en Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/anso.212.0301},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2021
}

@article{glijn2021genderrolhoudingen,
  abstract = {Gender role attitudes and modernisation: back to the essence? The influence of modernisation, self-expressive values, and educational level on gender role attitudes in Europe Despite several societal developments, such as educational expansion, the second wave of feminism, and modernisation, the trend towards more egalitarian gender role attitudes has stagnated. This study complements previous studies that explain this phenomenon by a growing focus on self-expressiveness and gender essentialism, which contradicts the initial expectations of modernisation theory. The aim of this contribution is to explore the role of modernisation at the country level in Europe, in the relation between educational level, self-expressive values, and gender role attitudes at the individual level. A multilevel model shows that more self-expressiveness and a higher educational level lead to more egalitarian attitudes. At the contextual level, self-expressiveness strengthens this relation. The results are in line with expectations from modernisation theory, rather than expectations from the egalitarian-essentialism hypothesis. The study closes with a discussion on the measurement of gender role attitudes, suggesting a multidimensional alternative. In addition, it is suggested that gender essentialism might influence behaviour, rather than attitudes. This provides implications for further research in uncovering the structural and cultural processes behind persisting gender inequality.},
  author = {Glijn, Rosa and Begall, Katia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.5117/MEM2021.4.002.GLIJ},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1876-2816},
  journal = {Mens & Maatschappij},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {469-497},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Genderrolhoudingen en modernisering: terug naar de essentie? De invloed van modernisering, zelfexpressiewaarden en opleidingsniveau op genderrolhoudingen in Europa},
  type = {Journal Article},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2021.4.002.GLIJ},
  volume = 96,
  year = 2021
}

@article{eber2021gender,
  abstract = {A large body of literature has shown the existence of a gender gap in competitiveness and a handful of experimental works investigating the impact of age on this gap lead to inconclusive results. We propose an empirical investigation on that, which is based on survey data and complementary to experimentation. Using individual data from a very large survey (European Value Study on 48 countries from 1990 to 2008), we examine how age influences the gender gap in attitude toward competition. After confirming the existence of a strongly significant gender gap, we find evidence of a gendered effect of age on attitude toward competition. Attitude toward competition has a U-shaped relation with age for men with a least-negative view around 53 years but becomes more and more positive over age for women. We therefore observe a U-shaped pattern of the gender gap with age with a minimum around 60 years. Finally, we show that the gender gap and its change with age are sensitive to both individual and national gender stereotypes, suggesting influences of cultural factors.},
  author = {Eber, Nicolas and François, Abel and Weill, Laurent},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2021.10.022},
  issn = {01672681},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {668-690},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Gender, age, and attitude toward competition},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.10.022},
  volume = 192,
  year = 2021
}

@article{doblyte2021support,
  abstract = {One of the challenges both individuals and welfare states face today is the need for more balanced work-life trajectories. While welfare states try to encourage women’s labor participation as a protection strategy against poverty, households encounter difficulties in combining care responsibilities and employment. Childcare provision can be externalized to the market – although creating a financial burden on parents – or to state-financed and/or state-provided childcare services that might be considered as more equitable and align with the logic of social investment.},
  author = {Doblyte, Sigita and Tejero, Aroa},
  journal = {Global Dialogue},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {32-33},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Support for Family Policies in South Europe },
  url = {https://veridiana.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Narratives_of_an_Institutionalized_Child-1.pdf},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2021
}

@article{mihaljevic2021demokratski,
  abstract = {The topic of this article is the political interest of students, ie how and to what extent students express interest in politics, in political activity in Bosnian and Herzegovinian society. For this purpose, a survey “Students and Politics” was conducted in January and February 2019 on a sample of 371 students from the University of Mostar and University of Džemal Bijedić in Mostar. The obtained quantitative data are presented by frequencies and percentages in the domain of descriptive statistical procedures and the application of the chi-square test. Research was conducted within the theoretical approach of Almond and Verba expressed through three dimensions of attitudes towards politics, specifically as people’s interest in politics and information about political activities; then as attitudes expressing support for different models of democratic political order; and finally as valuing political achievements as respondents’ trust in institutions. The results achived from this research showed that students follow low interest in the politics of young people in BiH, but also have a special democratic potential.},
  author = {Mihaljević, Damirka},
  doi = {10.20901/pp.11.1.02},
  journal = {Političke perspektive},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {39-74},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Demokratski potencijal studenata Sveučilišta u Mostaru i Univerziteta Džemal Bijedić (Democratic potential of students from university of Mostar and University of Džemal Bijedić)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20901/pp.11.1.02},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{gatskova2021gender,
  abstract = {This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the gender inequality on the labor market in Ukraine focusing on the two aspects: the gender wage gap and gender attitudes of people. An extensive survey of the previous literature on gender inequality in Ukraine is provided and the main trends on the labor market in the country and dynamics of the gender wage gap, are discussed. The analysis of the ULMS panel data 2003–2012 using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique allows assessing the gender wage gap in each of the available survey years. Furthermore, analysis of the European Values Study 2008 and the Factorial study 2009 gives some insights into gender attitudes of the population. The raw gender wage gap in Ukraine remained at a relatively high level of 27–33% in 2003–2012 and only a small part of it is a result of the differences in endowments (education, work experience, economic sector etc.) between men and women. The discriminatory practices may be nurtured by the respective gender attitudes. Although the population of Ukraine holds moderately traditional gender attitudes and to some extent accepts the egalitarian views, people generally consider lower wages for female employees as justified.},
  address = {Singapur},
  author = {Gatskova, Kseniia},
  booktitle = {Gendering Post-Soviet Space. Demography, Labor Market and Values in Empirical Research},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10174},
  doi = {10.1007/978-981-15-9358-1_8},
  editor = {Karabchuk, Tatiana and Kumo, Kazuhiro and Gatskova, Kseniia and Skoglund, Ekaterina},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4781 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {181-194},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Gender Wage Gap and Gender Attitudes in Ukraine},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9358-1_8},
  year = 2021
}

@book{ogrady2022transformation,
  abstract = {The UK’s most recent round of welfare reforms since 2010 have had far-reaching effects, leading to greater poverty, homelessness, indebtedness and foodbank use. But until well into the 2010s they were very popular with the public, who increasingly felt that welfare claimants did not deserve help. These changes were not matched in other European countries experiencing similar economic and social trends. Focusing on policies that provide relief from unemployment, poverty and disability, in this book Tom O’Grady sets out to answer two questions: why has Britain reformed its welfare system so radically? And why, until recently, were the reforms so popular with the public? He traces the evolution of British welfare policy, politics, discourse and public opinion since the 1980s, arguing that from the 1990s a long-term change in discourse from both politicians and the media caused the British public to turn against welfare by 2010. That, combined with the financial crisis, left the system uniquely vulnerable to cuts. He explores the roots of public opinion on the welfare system and the motives of politicians who have revolutionised the system, and how they talk about it. This an account of how, in the eyes of the public, deserving recipients of help came to be seen as scroungers; of when and why politicians and the media vilified them; of political parties whose discourse and policies were transformed, almost overnight; and of Britain’s journey from providing welfare as generously as the average European country in the 1970s to becoming an outlier today.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {O'Grady, Tom},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780192898890.001.0001},
  isbn = {9780192898890},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Transformation of British Welfare Policy: Politics, Discourse, and Public Opinion},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898890.001.0001},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{rusu2021valenele,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Rusu, Horațiu and Pogan, Livia-Dana},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {153-163},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Valențele muncii la români. Intrinsec, extrinsec sau mixt?},
  year = 2021
}

@article{sommet2022financial,
  abstract = {The gradient between income and health is well established: the lower the income, the poorer the health. However, low income (having few economic resources) may not be enough to characterize economic vulnerability, and financial scarcity (perceiving having insufficient economic resources) may further reduce health. First, analysis of cross-national data (275,000+ participants from 200+ country-years) revealed that financial scarcity was associated with twice the odds of suffering from reduced self-rated health and feelings of unhappiness; this association was observed in ≈90% of the country-years and explained variance over and above income. Second, analysis of national longitudinal data (20,000+ participants over 20 years of assessment) revealed that facing financial scarcity in the course of one's life decreased self-rated and objective health and increased feelings of depression; again, these effects explained variance over and above income. Two subsidiary findings were obtained: (i) three adverse life events (illness, separation, family conflicts) predicted financial scarcity over the life course, and (ii) self-mastery (a component of sense of control) accounted for the detrimental longitudinal effects of financial scarcity on health. This research suggests that to understand socioeconomic inequality in health, one should consider not only an individual's quantity of monetary resources but also the perceived sufficiency of these resources.},
  author = {Sommet, Nicolas and Spini, Dario},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114607},
  issn = {02779536},
  journal = {Social Science & Medicine},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Financial scarcity undermines health across the globe and the life course},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114607},
  volume = 292,
  year = 2022
}

@mastersthesis{salamankova2020rodinnho,
  abstract = {The main purpose of the thesis is to find how the interrelations between parental separation, materialism, and family preferences including real marital status in adulthood work in current Czech context. The empirical part is based on European Values Study data for the Czech Republic from 1990 to 2017. The main finding is, that even in the postmodern era, family keeps the primary unit role for the human values definition. Its structure influences preferences for the public as well as for the private sphere of family values. The relation between parental separation and materialism/postmaterialism is not confirmed.},
  address = {Brno},
  author = {Salamánková, Monika},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {Masaryk University},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Role rodinného zázemí pro utváření postmaterialistických i rodinných hodnot a postojů: Analýza českého prostředí na datech EVS (The Role of Family Background in the Formation of Postmaterialist and Family Values and Attitudes: an Analysis of the Czech context using EVS data)},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {https://is.muni.cz/th/z1nkb/},
  year = 2020
}

@book{tillman2021authoritarianism,
  abstract = {The book provides a novel explanation of rising Euroscepticism and right-wing populism in Western Europe. The changing political and cultural environment of recent decades is generating an ongoing realignment of voters structured by authoritarianism, which is a psychological disposition towards the maintenance of social cohesion and order at the expense of individual autonomy and diversity. High authoritarians find the values and demographic changes of the past several decades a threat to social cohesion, which has created an opportunity for populist radical right (PRR) parties to gain their support by campaigning against these perceived threats to national community posed by immigration, values change, and European integration. The result is a worldview evolution in which party conflict is shaped by the rival preferences of high and low authoritarians. Drawing on national and cross-national survey data as well as an original survey experiment, this book demonstrates how the relationship between authoritarianism and (1) attitudes towards the EU and (2) voting behaviour has evolved since the 1990s. In doing so, this book advances these literatures by providing an explanation for why certain voters are shifting towards PRR parties as electoral politics realigns.},
  access-date = {11. Fassung, Dezember 2021},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Tillman, Erik R.},
  availability = {22.12.2021},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11963 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780192896223.001.0001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5724 v1.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9780192896223},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book},
  language = {english},
  pages = 244,
  publisher = {OUP Oxford},
  study-id = {Langfrist-Online-Tracking T24 (ZA5724) ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Authoritarianism and the Evolution of West European Electoral Politics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896223.001.0001},
  year = 2021
}

@article{milos2021relationship,
  abstract = {This article is based on the “Religion and Human Rights 2,0” research, a survey carried out in Croatia (N = 1286) conducted on high school, Gymnasium, students 17-19 years old. It examines the influence of parents’ religiosity on the religious practice of adolescents among Catholics (N = 1097). There are three dominant questions to be addressed in the article: a) how much and how does the religiosity of their parents influence the religious practice of young people? b) how much does the religiosity of parents affect the specific dimensions of religious practice (the frequency of prayer, the frequency of going to church) of young people? c) does the impact of the parent’s religiosity on the child differ in cases where they are both the same sex and in cases in which they are not? The results, obtained by a series of linear regression analyses show that in a) and b) there is some influence of the religiosity of parents on young people. It is also shown that c) there is a dominant influence of the same-sex parent on the child in this respect (mother-daughter, father-son), while the incentive or compulsion to go to mass shows the effect only in the father-daughter dyad. The findings confirm the importance of parental religiosity for youth religiosity a little bit more for church attendance than for the frequency of prayer. They call for the use of elements of parental religiosity in the research of youth religiosity. They also point to the greater effect of parents’ religious beliefs and the importance they attach to their child’s religiosity than the coercion/incentive to religious practices.},
  author = {Miloš, Damir and Glavaš, Dragan},
  doi = {10.7906/indecs.19.1.6.},
  journal = {Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems : INDECS},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {64-79},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Relationship Between Religiosity of Parents and Children in Catholics – The Role of Parents in Adolescents Religious Practice},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.19.1.6.},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@inproceedings{kosuliev2021covid19,
  abstract = {We use data from the European Values Study 2017 and from Eurobarometer to examine the attitudes and values that explain the differences in vaccination rate among selected European countries. We run a number of single variable regressions and multiple regressions. Vaccination rates turn out negatively correlated with trust in government and positively related with interpersonal trust and confidence in the healthcare system. The latter appears to be the most important predictor in our regression models.},
  address = {Ruse},
  author = {Kosuliev, Aleksandar and Stanev, Elizar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of University of Ruse},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  number = {5.1},
  pages = {120-124},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Who Gets a COVID-19 Vaccine? A Cross-Sectional Study},
  url = {https://conf.uni-ruse.bg/bg/docs/cp21/5.1/5.1-18.pdf},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2021
}

@article{ortegagil2021effect,
  abstract = {This paper studies the relationship of factors such as ageing, gender and environmental problems included in the quality of life (QoL) with the subjective well-being represented by the life satisfaction (LS) indicator of the citizens of 33 European countries. To do so, it uses the LS of a country&rsquo;s citizens as the dependent variable; ageing, gender and environmental variables as independent variables; and other factors included in the QoL indicators and macroeconomic factors as control variables. Analysis uses data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS) for LS, from Eurostat for QoL indicators and World Bank for macroeconomic indicators. The values of LS have been treated based on the individual data from WVS and EVS in percentages according to their levels by country, and we present four robust models (two logit model and two OLS model). The results show that arrears of people aged 65 and over are a relation of positive significative in models with low levels of LS. The opposite is true for the income of people aged 65 and over. On the other hand, pollution, grime or other environmental problems and inequality show an inverse relationship with life satisfaction in models with high levels of satisfaction and a positive relationship in models with low levels of satisfaction. Nonetheless, the study has also shown contradictions in the gender gap and poverty indicators that should be studied further.},
  author = {Ortega-Gil, Manuela and Mata García, Antonio and ElHichou-Ahmed, Chaima},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.3390/land10121314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2073445X},
  journal = {Land},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Effect of Ageing, Gender and Environmental Problems in Subjective Well-Being},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121314},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2021
}

@article{nguyentrong2020religiozity,
  abstract = {Since the end of the 19th century, the number of children in the family has been decreasing in Europe due to the deliberate reducton in marriage fertility. The voluntary reduction of marital fertility was given the name demographic revolution. In post-industrial countries, it is accompanied by phenomena: cohabitation, a child outside marriage, the irrelevance of religious or community approval of a relationship, and the termination of a marriage by divorce. Research has shown that theeconomic, social and cultural conditions that people are confronted with wh en deciding on their lifestyle explain the differences in demographic trends across countries},
  author = {Nguyen Trong, Daniela},
  issn = {1338-7251},
  journal = {Acta theologica et religionistica},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {101-106},
  study = {ISSP1998 ; EVS1991 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Vzťah religiozity a plodnosti v postindustriálnych krajinách},
  url = {https://www.unipo.sk/public/media/15888/20.05.2020.pdf#page=101},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2020
}

@inproceedings{2022,
  abstract = {Тело занимает в экономических отношениях важную нишу. Оно может рассматриваться в качестве объекта (мотив для совершения экономических действий) и в качестве субъекта (как непосредственный участник экономических отношений). Тело вовлечено в легальные и не легальные рынки, а также связано с процессами сакрализации и коммодификации, влияющих на общественное отношение к экономике. Объектом исследования является тело, цель исследования – обозначить место тела в экономических отношениях.},
  address = {Мinsk},
  author = {Шурко, А. В.},
  booktitle = {Современный социум: социология жизни (междисциплинарный профиль) : материалы I Международного научно-методологического междисциплинарного семинара «Новые вызовы и перспективы развития современного социума»},
  editor = {Данилов, А. Н. and Похомова, А. А.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {232-237},
  publisher = {БГУ},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Тело в экономических отношениях},
  url = {https://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/290329},
  year = 2022
}

@article{wysocki2022poczucie,
  abstract = {The article presents an analysis of the feeling of general national pride in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe based on survey data from 1981–2020 from two related international research projects – World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Study (EVS). The collected data allowed us to answer the following questions: what is the level of the sense of national pride in the surveyed societies? What are the similarities and differences between them? How has this aspect of national identity changed over time? It was assumed that national pride is a declarative indicator of national identity. It relates to the assessment of achievements and the sense of satisfaction resulting from belonging to one’s own national community. At the same time, the duality of the consequences of feeling national pride related to both patriotism and nationalism (the so-called “positive” and “negative” national pride) was emphasized. The results of the analysis were compared to the hypotheses about the declining power of national pride and national identity along with the progressing processes of modernization and globalization.},
  author = {Wysocki, Artur},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.17951/ks.2022.10.1.5-25},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Konteksty Społeczne | Social Contexts},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {5-25},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Poczucie dumy narodowej w Europie Środkowo Wschodniej na podstawie danych z EVS i WVS z lat 1981–2020 (A Sense of National Pride in Central and Eastern Europe Based on Data from EVS and WVS)},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.17951/ks.2022.10.1.5-25},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2022
}

@article{brechon2022russian,
  abstract = {After recalling the demographic, economic, historical, and cultural background of the two countries, which are strongly marked by orthodoxy, this article seeks to understand the value system of Russians and Ukrainians, by analyzing the data of the European Values Study in 1999, 2008, and 2017–2020. The liberalism of morals is very strongly rejected by both countries, although Ukraine is clearly more modern in its conception of the family and its promotion of individual autonomy. Sociability is more vertical than horizontal in both countries, with a weak civil society, low politicization and political participation, and very uncertain democratic values, although Ukraine seems to be gradually moving toward the latter, whereas illiberal and authoritarian values are progressing strongly in Russia. Nationalism is very strong in both countries, although obviously built on opposing rationales: the return to a great unified Russian empire on the one hand, and the defense of Ukraine’s independence against the imperialism of its large neighbor, on the other. In this context, Ukraine expects much from the European Union.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.4000/ress.9053},
  journal = {Revue européenne des sciences sociales},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {47-69},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Russian and Ukrainian values: a gradual divergence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/ress.9053},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2022
}

@book{gawronskanowak2021trade,
  abstract = {This book tackles the disconnect between social perceptions and expert knowledge regarding trade policy decisions. Using a Polish language internet database, the authors shed light on areas that need to be addressed when considering the adoption of particular trade policies by applying content and statistical analysis to produce an easy to deploy measure of populism in digital media, the “Media Populism Ratio”. Defining a mismatch between social perception and expert knowledge may contribute to a better understanding of the controversies on free trade, as well as properly defining possible sources of populism and social conflicts – therefore also revealing some potential weaknesses in the trade policy implementation level which are at times neglected or underestimated. The book will be relevant to students and researchers interested in economic policy, economic narratives and cultural economics.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Gawrońska-Nowak, Bogna and Lis, Piotr and Konieczna-Sałamatin, Joanna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12847},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-76997-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA6863 v1.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-76997-0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Trade Wins or Trade Wars: The Perceptions and Knowledge in the Free Trade Debate},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76997-0},
  year = 2021
}

@article{stankov2022protect,
  abstract = {While we know a lot about the typical type of radical right-wing (RRWP) voter, individual religiosity in explaining support for RRWPs has eluded consistent scholarly attention. The mixed results available from the scarce literature find both positive and negative associations between religiosity and RRWPs vote. The variation in these relationships is puzzling, especially if we consider how RRWPs often present themselves as guardians of native ethnic and religious identity. In this paper we argue that religiosity increases the chance of voting for RRWPs when ethnic relations are a salient issue in the political system. We test our theory using multilevel regression modeling on the European Social Survey, specifically Rounds 7, 8 and 9 and replicate our results based on the European Values Study from 2017. We find that religiosity is a significant predictor of the RRWP vote when there are salient ethnic relations in the political system, proxied by the presence of an ethnic minority party. On the other hand, in countries without minority parties, non-religious individuals are more likely to vote for RRWPs. },
  author = {Stankov, Nemanja and Živković, Slaven},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/14782804.2021.1952167},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.1952167},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary European Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {521-535},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {May the lord protect our country: ethnic relations as a moderator between religiosity and radical right vote},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.1952167},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2022
}

@article{subocz2020modziey,
  abstract = {Generacja „NEET” (ang. young people not in employment, education or training), którą tworzą młodzi ludzie niepracujący, nieuczący i nieszkolący się staje się poważnym problem społecznym w Unii Europejskiej ze względu na dużą skalę zjawiska. Z tego też względu wzbudza zainteresowanie zarówno wśród polityków, ludzi nauki, jak i profesjonalistów zawodowo zajmujących się pomocą na rzecz osób wykluczonych z rynku pracy i z systemu edukacji, w tym pracowników socjalnych. Kategoria NEET, którą scharakteryzowano w artykule, to potencjalni beneficjenci pomocy społecznej. Uwaga zostanie skoncentrowana na skali zjawiska w Europie, społeczno-ekonomicznych determinantach przynależności do grona NEET, skutkach pozostawania poza systemem edukacji i rynkiem pracy, a także inicjatywach podejmowanych zarówno na szczeblu unijnym, jak i w krajach członkowskich w celu reintegracji społeczno-zawodowej tej kategorii osób. Znajomość problematyki zjawiska pozwoli ukierunkować działania pomocowe świadczone przez pracowników socjalnych na rzecz osób z grona NEET.},
  author = {Subocz, Elżbieta},
  doi = {10.5604/01.3001.0014.3152},
  journal = {Praca Socjalna},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 313,
  pages = {147-165},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {O młodzieży wyłączonej z systemu edukacji i rynku pracy – wybrane aspekty zjawiska z perspektywy europejskiej i polskiej},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3152},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2020
}

@book{hola2021mediation,
  abstract = {Mediation in the Reflection of Law and Society is a pioneering book capturing the socio-legal context of mediation. Despite slow progress in use, mediation has never failed to make its presence felt in dispute resolution. Through this remarkable book, the contributors have elucidated the need to cultivate a more favourable socio-legal climate for mediation to thrive, and thus, they analyse the legal, cultural, social, systemic and spatial aspects of the use of mediation in the legal practice of the different European Union (EU) countries. Based on a spatiotemporal analysis and models of mediation in the EU, the book identifies the social and cultural reasons for the fragmentation of its legal regulation and reveals the courses available for promoting the effective implementation of mediation in social practice. This book is also unique as a spatiotemporal analysis of the extent of use of mediation in a region as large and diverse as the EU has never been carried out before.},
  address = {Alphen aan den Rijn},
  author = {Holá, Lenka and Večeřa, Miloš and Urbanová, Martina and Holas, Jan and Fiedor, David},
  isbn = {9789403542928},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Kluwer Law International B.V.},
  series = {Global Trends in Dispute Resolution Series},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Mediation in the Reflection of Law and Society: European Perspectives},
  year = 2021
}

@article{agarin2021political,
  abstract = {Ethnically divided societies often seek political cohesion by pursuing nationalizing policies. Latvia has had some experience of this, for example, with the notion that citizens should speak the national language and respect government institutions coincides with portrayals of ethnic minorities as a challenge to democracy. The focus on nation-state building has resulted in persistently low levels of political engagement and public confidence among the citizenry. Public survey data shows that many voters believe their concerns have been neglected by elected representatives, who have fixed their attention on ethnopolitical issues. While we see no demonstrable correlation between ethnicity and levels of political dejection, ethnonational politics explains unstable voter-representative relations and electoral volatility during the Saeima elections from 2010–2018. These unanticipated effects of nation-state building on Latvia’s electoral politics invite a rethinking of the relationship between voters and their elected representatives in democratically consolidated, yet divided nations.},
  author = {Agarin, Timofey and Nakai, Ryo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/01629778.2021.1968917},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Baltic Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {521-546},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Political dejection in a divided society: a challenge for Latvia’s democracy?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2021.1968917},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2021
}

@book{beichelt2021emotionalis,
  abstract = {In diesem Buch werden wichtige Werke und Ansätze der politikorientierten Emotionenforschung in einen systematischen Zusammenhang gebracht. Dafür werden drei unterschiedliche Typen von Emotionen herausgearbeitet, die in ihrer Gesamtheit den Homo Emotionalis ausmachen: binäre Emotionen, Basisemotionen, reflexive Emotionen. Sie entsprechen individualpsychologischen Entwicklungsstufen, sind aber auch im sozialen und politischen Umgang mit Emotionen relevant. Das Zusammenspiel von Emotionentypen und gesellschaftlichen Konstellationen führt zu verschiedenen Modi politischen Handelns, die unterschiedliche Formen von emotionaler Politik prägen. Es entstehen jeweils eigene Logiken, entlang derer Emotionenpolitik betrieben wird. Der Band richtet sich mit seinem interdisziplinären Fokus an Politikwissenschaft*innen, Anthropolog*innen, Soziolog*innen und Sozialpsycholog*innen.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Beichelt, Timm},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-34229-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-34229-6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Homo Emotionalis. Zur Systematisierung von Gefühlen in der Politik},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34229-6},
  year = 2021
}

@article{trolle2021winter,
  abstract = {During the last decade, local celebrations of winter solstice on the 21st of December have increased all over Denmark. These events refer to the Old Norse ritual of celebrating the return of the light, and their appeal is very broad on a local community level. By presenting two cases of Danish winter solstice celebrations, I aim to unfold how we can understand these new ritualisations as non-religious rituals simultaneously contesting and supplementing the overarching seasonal celebration of Christmas. My material for this study is local newspaper sources that convey the public sphere on a municipality level. I analyse the development in solstice ritualisations over time from 1990 to 2020. Although different in location and content, similarities unite the new solstice celebrations: they emphasise the local community and the natural surroundings. My argument is that the winter solstice celebrations have grown out of a religiously diversified public sphere and should be understood as non-religious rituals in a secular context.},
  article-number = {74},
  author = {Trolle, Astrid Krabbe},
  doi = {10.3390/rel12020074},
  issn = {2077-1444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-10},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Winter Solstice Celebrations in Denmark: A Growing Non-Religious Ritualisation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12020074},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{hennig2020catholic,
  address = {Frankfurt am Main/New York},
  author = {Bolzonar, Fabio},
  booktitle = {Illiberal Politics and Religion in Europe and Beyond. Concepts, Actors, and Identity Narratives},
  editor = {Hennig, Anja and Weiberg-Salzmann, Mirjam},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {317-346},
  publisher = {Campus},
  study = {EVS2018},
  title = {A Catholic Far-Right Party in Italy? How the Lega Nord Rediscovered Catholicism and Anti-Gender Politics},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{pesenti2020grande,
  abstract = {The article analyzes, using longitudinal data from the European Values Study database, the dynamics of social and political participation in Italy from the 1980s to today. A growing tendency towards the demobilization of society is recorded, and its repercussions relating to the stability of democracy are analyzed.},
  address = {Bologna},
  author = {Pesenti, Luca},
  booktitle = {Come cambiano gli italiani. Valori e atteggiamenti dagli anni Ottanta a oggi},
  editor = {Biolcati, F. and Rovati, G. and Segatti, P.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  isbn = {8815287485 9788815287489},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {197-214},
  publisher = {Società editrice il Mulino spa},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {La grande ritirata: forme della partecipazione tra individualismo e post-politica},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10807/166737},
  year = 2020
}

@article{zmerli2021notions,
  abstract = {Based on the latest European Values Study released in 2018, this study investigates the characteristics that French citizens ascribe to democracies to be essential. So far, little is known about democratic notions in a comparative perspective and even less about their origins and political consequences. To fill this research gap, this study adopts an exploratory research design where notions of democracy are, at first, inspected as dependent variables and, subsequently, scrutinized as determinants of political attitudes and participation. The empirical evidence reveals the deviating effects that different types of democratic notions exert on political attitudes and action and underscores the impact of personality traits and political ideology.},
  author = {Zmerli, Sonja},
  doi = {10.1057/s41253-021-00146-w},
  issn = {14763427},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {192–217},
  refid = {Zmerli2021},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Notions of democracy in France: uncovering causes and consequences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-021-00146-w},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@article{gautier2021avant,
  abstract = {Pour de nombreux candidats, la décision de se présenter au concours de gardien de la paix ne relève ni du simple hasard ni de la seule nécessité mais résulte bien plus d’un attrait réel pour le métier policier, perçu comme accordé aux aspirations individuelles, qui combinent désir de se rendre utile et goût pour l’action. Cette « vocation policière » peut alors s’analyser comme le produit de dispositions forgées dès l’enfance et l’adolescence qui rendent pensable le projet de devenir gardien de la paix. Mais, à mesure que ce projet se concrétise (premières démarches, passage éventuel par le statut d’adjoint de sécurité, présentation aux épreuves...), la vocation se consolide et impose une forme de travail sur soi qui renforce en retour les dispositions dont elle est le produit. Ainsi, avant même d’être recrutés, les candidats se reconnaissent déjà dans l’institution, se montrent tout disposés à se laisser former par elle et à faire corps avec celles et ceux qui en sont déjà membres. Pour autant, la construction de ce rapport vocationnel au poste convoité ne s’accompagne pas d’une homogénéisation totale de leurs dispositions, de leur vision du monde et de leur représentation de la police, ni, par conséquent, des modalités selon lesquelles ils sont prêts à s’engager. Elle ne peut, à ce titre, être considérée comme la garantie d’un ajustement parfait et durable au rôle.},
  author = {Gautier, Frédéric},
  doi = {10.3917/soco.122.0025},
  isbn = {9782724637069},
  journal = {Sociétés contemporaines},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {25-50},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {S'y voir avant d'en être. La fabrication de la "vocation" policière au seuil de l'institution},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.122.0025},
  volume = 122,
  year = 2021
}

@article{srajer2021prosperity,
  abstract = {relationship between man and woman, the support of the institution of marriage, and therefore families, have always been one of the important requirements of individual cultures and religions. There is also a close connection between the state of society (and the dominant requirements in it) and the form of personal and family life. In the Western cultural space with the decisive ecclesiastical discourse, the view of marriage and the family was not spared from one-sidedness and problematic practice. The current magisterium of the Catholic Church remains critical of some contemporary trends and phenomena, including the questioning of the very institution of marriage and the family. At the same time, it remains open to new challenges in this field. The article aims to critically reflect on some issues related to the current situation of marriage and the family, especially the individual and social ethical context of married and family life in contemporary Western culture. Using a reflection of the findings of selected authors, especially of sociologists (Lipovetsky, Beck), the article demonstrates the reality of problematic „points“ of the present time (marked by magisterial texts by Pope Francis) and their connection to married and family life. It thus verifies the thesis that the preconditions for marriage and the family are currently weakened in the Western area. This state of affairs include even the institutions that want to invoke the necessary personal and social responses to the problematic situation. Although the study does not capture the full range of issues and problems currently associated with marriage and the family, it does demonstrate that marital and family relationships in contemporary Western culture are conditioned by a number of factors. Those cannot be fully influenced by the individuals directly affected. The study points to the crucial role of politics, including its responsibility and to the exclusive role of the Church. The Church can, in many respects, increase respect for the institutions and bring a concrete help to the people. The result of the study is an emphasis on the fact that, in the current situation, it is not easy for individuals or families to maintain their own integrative values. It is not easy to withstand the pressures from the outside, to not succumb to the vision of success offered by the majority society. It is also problematic that the focus of politics is not predominantly on the family but, above all, on the immediate interests of the individual. Politics is irresponsibly undercutting itself in order to get into favor of individuals. The conclusion of the study confirms the validity of the magisterial belief that the prosperity of the family is crucial for the future of the world and the Church. Marriage and the family are natural communities that correspond to a person‘s anthropological setting. They allow him or her to find his or her own identity. They are a guarantee of the humanization of the person and society, a protection against deformations of the individualistic or collectivist type.},
  author = {Šrajer, Jindřich},
  doi = {10.25167/FF/2027},
  journal = {Family Forum},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {37-55},
  study = {EVS1991-2008},
  title = {Prosperity of the Family - the Future of the World and the Church},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.25167/FF/2027},
  year = 2021
}

@article{das2022secularism,
  abstract = {Objectives: Mass media suggest rising political and religious concern about secularism-induced decline of the family. Implications for loneliness remain unexamined. The current study filled this gap. Methods: Data were from 10 national probability samples in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Multilevel longitudinal models tested linkages of societal secularism with loneliness, their mediation by specific family relationships, and the role of this cultural dimension in weakening associations of family ties with loneliness. Both weighted Maximum Likelihood and unweighted Bayesian analyses were conducted, separately for each gender. Results: Societal secularism was not positively linked to either gender's loneliness. Associations with family ties were inconsistent, with only men's average partnered status lower in more secular settings. Nor did any positive indirect effects emerge. Moderation results were also inconsistent, with secularism only weakening linkages of some family dimensions with loneliness. Bayesian estimates were generally nonsignificant. Discussion: Societal secularism may not be a risk factor for loneliness or for weak family ties. Results stand at odds with religious and political rhetoric on secularism-induced decline of the family, and its individual and societal consequences.},
  author = {Das, Aniruddha},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102619},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0049-089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Secularism, family ties and loneliness: A multilevel longitudinal study of ten European societies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102619},
  volume = 101,
  year = 2022
}

@article{petrovic2020integrated,
  abstract = {With the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the question of society’s capability to deal with an acute health crisis is, once again, brought to the forefront. In the core is the need to broaden the perspective on the determinants of a country’s ability to cope with the spread of the virus. This paper is about bringing together diverse aspects of readiness and initial reaction to a COVID-19 outbreak. We proposed an integrated evaluation framework which encapsulates six dimensions of readiness and initial reaction. Using a specific multi-level outranking method, we analysed how these dimensions affect the relative positioning of European countries in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. The results revealed that the order of countries based on our six-dimensional assessment framework is significantly reminiscent of the actual positioning of countries in terms of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in the initial phase of the pandemic. Our findings confirm that only when a country’s readiness is complemented by an appropriate societal reaction we can expect a less severe outcome. Moreover, our study revealed different patterns of performance between former communist Eastern European and Western European countries.},
  author = {Petrović, Dalibor and Petrović, Marijana and Bojković, Nataša and Čokić, Vladan P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0242838},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {An integrated view on society readiness and initial reaction to COVID–19: A study across European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242838},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{klingemann2022democracy,
  abstract = {This chapter examines the question of whether democracy in Germany and Italy is being challenged by populist parties. The investigation relies on a theoretical model structuring support for democracy at the levels of support for democracy as an ideal, support for a democratic regime and support for political parties. The main focus falls on the latter, that is, on the political actors who aspire to hold power. The empirical analyses that follow aim to establish the extent of support at the three levels for both countries, considering developments on the political scene in each case that could explain the rise of political parties and movements. The overall aim is to find out if, and if so, to what extent populist parties, especially those with right-wing roots, represent a danger to democracy in the two compared Western European countries.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Klingemann, Hans-Dieter and Canan-Sokullu, Ebru},
  booktitle = {Democracy under Pressure: Resilience or Retreat?},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-09123-0_10},
  editor = {Beek, Ursula van},
  isbn = {9783031091230},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {271-311},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  refid = {Klingemann2022},
  title = {Democracy Under Pressure? Support of Democracy in Germany and Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09123-0_10},
  year = 2022
}

@book{rozbicka2021achieving,
  abstract = {This book assesses the quality of democracy through the study of organized interests in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) since the collapse of communism in 1989 up to 2017. It offers a much-needed comprehensive look into formal interest representation in CEE countries and compares this with the model in Western democracies. Drawing on democratic theory and comparative analysis, the authors explore the effects of a legal framework, political as well as social contexts. The volume contributes to debates on the performance of young democracies in CEE, where scholars argue that there is a ‘democratic crisis’ and democratic fatigue while the interest group system is often labelled as weak and, in some cases, underdeveloped. Although great efforts have been made to deepen our understanding of interest organization and lobbying tools, the current literature fails to provide a comprehensive answer on the influence of unsupportive environments on population ecology. The case of CEE countries shows significant effects of political and social contexts on interest representation, stimulating a debate about the quality of democratic institutions following the collapse of communism.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Rozbicka, Patrycja and Kamiński, Paweł and Novak, Meta and Jankauskaitė, Vaida},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-55521-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9783030555207},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Interest Groups, Advocacy and Democracy Series},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Achieving Democracy Through Interest Representation: Interest Groups in Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55521-4},
  year = 2021
}

@article{biolcati2022church,
  abstract = {Despite the long-lasting interest in religious change, debates on the topic have been heated and are still far from being settled. In order to provide a reliable data source through which to study these dynamics, the CARPE project harmonizes well-known international surveys containing items concerning religiosity (the ESS, Eurobarometer, EVS, ISSP and WVS). This makes it possible to broaden the available observation window, both across countries and over time. Moreover, the opportunities this provides for comparing different survey programmes also enable researchers to analyse the consistency of the results, minimizing the impact of random fluctuations and providing useful information with respect to the degree of confidence which can be placed on the relevant estimates. The main focus of this cumulative approach is the variable regarding church attendance, which has been harmonized in various ways. All in all, the CARPE dataset contains figures of religious practice for 45 countries },
  author = {Biolcati, Ferruccio and Molteni, Francesco and Quandt, Markus and Vezzoni, Cristiano},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10074},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-020-01048-9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3521 v2.0.1 ; ZA4233 ; ZA4411 ; ZA4415 ; ZA4505 ; ZA4506 ; ZA4507 ; ZA4526 ; ZA5000},
  issn = {0033-5177},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1729–1753},
  study = {ISSP 1985-2016 ; EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  study-id = {The Mannheim Eurobarometer Trend File 1970-2002 ; EB63.1 ; EB63.4 ; EB64.3 ; EB65.1 ; EB65.2 ; EB65.3 ; EB66.1 ; EB73.1},
  title = {Church Attendance and Religious change Pooled European dataset (CARPE): a survey harmonization project for the comparative analysis of long-term trends in individual religiosity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01048-9},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2022
}

@techreport{tanner2020state,
  abstract = {The report estimates the strength of community over time and in every local authority in the UK, focusing on five key threads: the strength of social relationships, the quality of civic institutions, the acceptance of positive social norms, the value of its local economy and the levels of physical infrastructure. Alongside the report, the authors have published the Social Fabric Index using these five key threads.},
  address = {Stanmore},
  author = {Tanner, Will and O’Shaughnessy, James and Krasniqi, Fjolla and Blagden, James},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  institution = {Onward},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The state of our social fabric: measuring the changing nature of community over time and geography},
  url = {https://www.ukonward.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-State-of-our-Social-Fabric.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{nikolayenko2021anticorruption,
  abstract = {There are conflicting theoretical expectations regarding students' protest behaviour in contemporary autocracies. On the one hand, in line with a resource model of political participation, university students are more likely to protest than their peers without higher education. On the other hand, university students in autocracies might refrain from high-risk activism in exchange for their own financial well-being and career advancement. To address this debate, the article leverages data on anti-corruption protests organized by the opposition politician Alexei Navalny in March 2017. Results show that anti-corruption protests were larger in Russian cities with a larger university student population. Next, employing individual-level data from the fifth wave of the European Values Survey, multinomial logistic regression analysis demonstrates that university students participated in demonstrations at a higher rate than non-students of the same age. More broadly, these findings yield insights into subnational variation in mass mobilization in a repressive political regime.},
  author = {Nikolayenko, Olena},
  data-doi = {10.3982/ECTA14281},
  doi = {10.1017/gov.2021.54},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0017257X},
  journal = {Government and Opposition},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {207-226},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Anti-Corruption Protests and University Students: Evidence from Russian Cities},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2021.54},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kwak2022measuring,
  abstract = {As active involvement in protest has been legitimized as an acceptable form of political activity, citizens’ protest potential has become an important measure to understand contemporary democratic politics. However, the arbitrary use of a forced-choice question, which prevents those who have previously participated in protests from expressing willingness to engage in future protest, and the limited coverage of international surveys across countries and years have impeded comparative research on protest potential. This research develops a new systematic weighting method for the measurement of protest potential for comparative research. Using the 1996 International Social Survey Program survey, which asks two separate questions about “have done” and “would do” demonstrations, I create a weighting scale for the forced-choice question by estimating the predicted probabilities of protest potential for those who have already participated in demonstrations. Capitalizing on the survey data recycling framework, this study also controls for harmonization procedures and the quality of surveys, thereby expanding the cross-national and temporal coverage beyond the affluent Western democracies. The results show that this weighting scale provides a valid measure of protest potential, and the survey data recycling framework improves comparability between surveys. },
  author = {Kwak, Joonghyun},
  doi = {10.1177/00027642211021626},
  journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {434-458},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP1996},
  title = {Measuring and Analyzing Protest Potential From a Survey Data Recycling Framework},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211021626},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2022
}

@article{baniamin2021linking,
  abstract = {Country-representative surveys indicate that several countries have higher institutional trust despite lower institutional performance and weak governance. To understand this puzzle, the current study explores the role of people's degree of assertiveness (low vs high) in determining institutional trust in 32 African countries and finds that less assertive people have higher institutional trust. The study also finds that people with lower assertiveness tend to believe there are less governance-related problems; for example, less corruption. Further, people with lower assertiveness rate the performance of their government more highly when evaluating indicators such as ‘management of economy’ and ‘reduction of crime’.},
  author = {Baniamin, Hasan Muhammad},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/14662043.2020.1863018},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2020.1863018},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Commonwealth \& Comparative Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Linking trust, performance, and governance quality: what can explain the incongruity?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2020.1863018},
  year = 2021
}

@article{park2022domestic,
  abstract = {This paper empirically examines how country-specific formal and informal institutions affect export patterns. The index for formal institutional quality evaluates electoral rules, judicial independence, and other constraints on executives. The index for informal institutional quality comprises degrees of trust, control, and obedience. Using the revealed comparative advantage index, I find that countries with high-quality formal and informal institutions tend to have institutional comparative advantage. Results also suggest that formal and informal institutions substitute for one another in generating institutional quality. I find robust results even when controlling for an important potential source of reverse causality.},
  author = {Park, Se Mi},
  doi = {10.1007/s10290-022-00483-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5080},
  issn = {16102886},
  journal = {Review of World Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {853–886},
  study-id = {European and World Values Surveys Four-Wave Integrated Data File, 1981-2004},
  title = {Domestic formal and informal institutions: their substitutability and comparative advantage},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-022-00483-0},
  volume = 159,
  year = 2023
}

@article{hollinger2019functional,
  abstract = {Cross-cultural comparative surveys have become an important tool to investigate social attitudes across different countries. However, this methodology is confronted with a number of challenges. One of the core problems is the functional equivalence of the concepts and indicators used. In this article, we study this problem in regard to the investigation of religiousness in three prominent surveys, the World Value Survey, the International Social Survey Programme, and the Religion Monitor. Our contribution starts with the fundamental question of the intercultural meaning of single items that are commonly used for the measurement of religiosity. From the comparison of the linguistic formulation of these items in different languages and across the three surveys, we obtain evidence of whether the concept of religiousness has the same meaning in different countries and to what extent the results depend on the formulation of the item. Subsequently, we use confirmatory factor analysis to test whether two religiousness scales derived from the International Social Survey Programme are structurally equivalent across countries. In the final step, we proceed to a substantive analysis, comparing religiousness scales from the three surveys in order to examine to what extent scales that claim to measure the same construct in fact produce similar results when applied to different countries. Our findings suggest that the paradigm of “asking the same questions” is difficult to apply and problematical with respect to some core indicators of individual religiousness and that questionnaires that are based on the Western concept of religion will lead to biased results when applied to worldwide cross-cultural comparison.},
  author = {Höllinger, Franz and Eder, Anja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13161},
  doi = {10.1177%2F2059799115622756},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4950 v2.3.0},
  journal = {Methodological Innovations},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study = {ISSP},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Functional equivalence and validity of religiousness indicators in cross-cultural comparative surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2059799115622756},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2019
}

@article{wolf2021conducting,
  abstract = {"This article discusses the current challenges of conducting a General Social Survey (GSS) in face-to-face mode and evaluates the alternative of fielding these surveys in self-administered mixed-mode (web, mail) instead. Based on data from Germany, it first illustrates the stark decline of participation in face-to-face surveys since 2002 and reports a strong increase in the cost of conducting these surveys over the same period. It then discusses the possibility of implementing GSS-type surveys in a self-administered design and reports results from a mode experiment implemented in the German part of the European Values Study (EVS) 2017/18. The results of the experiment indicate that self-administered mixed-mode surveys are a viable alternative for cross-sectional general population surveys in Germany; they shorten the fieldwork period and lead to higher response rates, while being more cost-efficient than face-to-face surveys. Despite the finding that the sample composition deviates from the general population in both modes, the face-to-face mode represents the population slightly better." Die Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 und 2016 werden in diesem Beitrag als Hauptdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 36. Fassung, Dezember 2021},
  author = {Wolf, Christof and Christmann, Pablo and Gummer, Tobias and Schnaudt, Christian and Verhoeven, Sascha},
  availability = {22.12.2021},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1093/poq/nfab039},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {15375331},
  journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {623-648},
  study = {ALLBUS2002 ; ALLBUS2004 ; ALLBUS2006 ; ALLBUS2008 ; ALLBUS2010 ; ALLBUS2012 ; ALLBUS2014 ; ALLBUS2016 ; ALLBUS2018},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Conducting General Social Surveys as Self-Administered Mixed-Mode Surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfab039},
  volume = 85,
  year = 2021
}

@article{doumbia2021gender,
  abstract = {Bertrand et al. (2015) show that, among married couples in the United States, the distribution of the share of the household income earned by the wife exhibits a sharp drop just to the right of 50%. They argue that this drop is consistent with a gender identity norm prescribing that a husband should earn more than his wife. We investigate this phenomenon in Canada at the national level but also across provinces. First, we document the presence of gender norms in Canada over the 1990–2014 period using three international data sets (the World Value Survey, the European Values Study and the International Social Survey Program). We find that Western Canada is relatively more traditional than Eastern Canada. Then, using the 2006 and 2016 census data, we show that a significant discontinuity at the 50% threshold exists in the distribution of the wife's relative income. This discontinuity is larger in Ontario and Western Canada than in Quebec and the Atlantic provinces.},
  author = {Doumbia, Maéva and Goussé, Marion},
  doi = {10.1111/caje.12554},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Economics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1667-1683},
  study = {ISSP1994 ; ISSP2014},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Gender identity and relative income within households: Evidence from Canada},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12554},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2021
}

@book{shorrocks2021women,
  abstract = {Women, Men, and Elections sheds new light on gendered political behaviour by analysing the relationship between policy supply and gender gaps in vote choice across elections in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and multiple Western European countries. Rosalind Shorrocks argues that the electoral context, and specifically policy supply, are associated with the ways in which vote choice at election time is gendered. Using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and the Comparative Manifesto Project, Shorrocks finds that the extent to which men and women differ in their vote choice is contingent on the policy choices that parties off er to voters. Women and men respond to party policy positions in ways that are linked to both their gender and their socioeconomic position, producing variation in gendered political behaviour across elections, across countries, and across subgroups in society. Women, Men, and Elections offers a much- needed fresh perspective on our understanding of political behaviour, representation, and party competition. It serves as an excellent supplementary text for students and scholars of comparative politics, gender and politics, and political behaviour.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Shorrocks, Rosalind},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12312},
  doi = {10.4324/9780429330926},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5950 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {ISSP2013 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Women, Men, and Elections. Policy Supply and Gendered Voting Behaviour in Western Democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429330926},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{koniecznasalamatin2021demokracja,
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Konieczna-Sałamatin, Joanna},
  booktitle = {Wartości w działaniu},
  editor = {Marody, Mirosława},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {105-130},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Spółka z o.o.},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Demokracja jako wartość w Polsce oraz Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej},
  year = 2021
}

@article{tanasescu2022evoluii,
  abstract = {The paper aims to study in an empirical manner the dimensions of religiosity in the last decade in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEE) by analysing the evidence of religiosity from the perspective of Norris and Ingelhart`thesis that a key factor driving religiosity is represented by the feeling of vulnerability to physical societal and personal risks.},
  author = {Tănăsescu, Gabriela},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Revista de Științe Politice și Relații Internaționale},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {57-77},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Evoluții ale Religiozitații în Țările Europei Centrale și de est în Ultimul Deceniu (Developments in Religiosity in the Last Decade in Central and Eastern European Countries)},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1027752},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@article{ksiazkiewicz2022linking,
  abstract = {Sleep is fundamental to life and essential to one’s health behavior, scholastic achievement, and work performance. Recent years have seen an increase in empirical investigations incorporating sleep research into political science. This study complements existing sleep-politics studies by examining the associations between chronotype (a person’s preferred time to sleep and wake up) and attitudinal and behavioral political outcomes (left–right ideology and social conservatism proxied by religious service attendance). We analyze representative samples from 10 national contexts (Finland, Greece, Ireland, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, Russia, South Korea, and Switzerland) to test our hypotheses. The results demonstrate that morning chronotype has significant links with political conservatism in six national contexts depending on model specification (most robustly in Switzerland). Unexpectedly, the morning chronotype may have links to liberalism in three other countries depending on model specification (most robustly in Russia). The results for religious observance are more uniform, indicating a link between morningness and greater religious observance across all cases in many specifications (excepting a reversed relationship in New Zealand in some models). Urbanization, seasonal effects, geographical characteristics, and religious denominations are explored as potential confounders.},
  author = {Ksiazkiewicz, Aleksander and Erol, Fatih},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10079},
  doi = {10.1093/ijpor/edac020},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4850 v2.0.0},
  issn = {14716909},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-16},
  study = {EVS2008},
  study-id = {ISSP2007},
  title = {Linking sleep, political ideology, and religious observance: a multi-national comparison},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edac020},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2022
}

@article{dottisani2022mapping,
  abstract = {Despite the introduction of laws granting family rights for lesbians and gays (LG) in many countries, negative attitudes towards homosexuality persist among various segments of the population, even in countries that have fully legitimized same-sex relationships. This mismatch raises questions about the processes through which societies achieve positive attitudes towards gays and lesbians. This article applies diffusion theory to nearly 20 years of European Social Survey data for 27 countries to provide an in-depth examination of the evolution of attitudes towards gays and lesbians. Using data on same-sex legislation and cluster analysis, we construct a classification of countries distinguishing among those that are more versus less ahead in the process of granting family rights for LG couples, which is then applied to societal growth curve models to account for historical changes in attitudes among different social groups. Our results show a stronger increase in positive attitudes towards homosexuality among higher educated, secular, and non-conservative individuals in countries with greater same-sex rights. These findings suggest that laws granting family rights to LG people represent a necessary but not sufficient condition for the diffusion of positive attitudes towards homosexuality, pointing to a considerable lag between the macro and the micro-level.},
  author = {Dotti Sani, Giulia M. and Quaranta, Mario},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcab032},
  issn = {0266-7215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {124–137},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Mapping Changes in Attitudes towards Gays and Lesbians in Europe: An Application of Diffusion Theory},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcab032},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2022
}

@mastersthesis{karlsson2020leftright,
  abstract = {This thesis deals with the nature of the Left-Right scale. Theories and ideas about the Left-Right scale have been tested by a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. The research questions are, in short, firstly if voters’ preferences on political issues, where economic issues are tested in this specific thesis, can consistently explain voters’ Left-Right self-placement, secondly if this level of explanation can vary depending on changes in national political discourse, and finally if a high level of correlation between issue and Left-Right self-placement facilitates the matching process of parties and voters of similar ideological conviction. A regression is run on data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, data which consists of survey questions about attitudes towards economic preferences and self-placement on the Left-Right scale. The selection is restricted to old democracies, as there is some discrepancy between new and old democracies with regards to the capacity of the electorate to relate to the Left-Right scale. The independent variable in this regression is attitudes toward different economic issues, while the dependent variable is self-placement on the Left-Right scale. The first question is answered by the regression, which is if preferences regarding issues can explain self-placement on the Left-Right scale. The answer that is given is that there is indeed a consistent relationship between preferences on economic issues and self-placement on the Left-Right scale, over time. Albeit it is higher for some countries, like Scandinavia, and lower for other countries, like Japan and Ireland. The two remaining questions are answered by case studies, selected through the method of least likely and most likely cases. These are Netherlands, Sweden, Japan and France. In essence, these cases show that the Left-Right scale is indeed flexible, and can adapt to the current political discourse, and that a high relationship between preferences on political issues and self-placement on the Left-Right scale facilitates the matching of voters and parties of similar ideological conviction.},
  address = {Linköping},
  author = {Karlsson, Anton},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Linköping University},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Left-Right Scale: An analysis of its connection to preferences on economic issues},
  type = {Bachelorarbeit},
  url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Aliu%3Adiva-165611},
  year = 2020
}

@article{noel2021political,
  abstract = {How universal and effective is the left-right opposition? We use public opinion data collected in 83 societies between 2008 and 2014 through the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, to look at the relationships, in each society, between individual ideological self-positioning and attitudes towards a set of eleven issues that capture the standard dimensions of the left-right political distinction. We observe varying levels of national ideological reach – the predictive power of left-right self-positioning on other attitudes – and ideological density – an index of the strength of the relationships between all the survey questions that we examine. These different levels of ideological reach and density can be explained by economic development, secularization, and democratic experience. A lasting experience with democracy, in particular, accounts best for the variations. When citizens have the capabilities and the possibilities of making political choices, they respond better to the elites’ tendency to structure political debates in left-right terms. },
  author = {Noël, Alain and Thérien, Jean-Philippe and Boucher, Émile},
  doi = {10.1080/13569317.2021.1978734},
  journal = {Journal of Political Ideologies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {317-334},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {The political construction of the left-right divide: a comparative perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2021.1978734},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2021
}

@article{borisova2020trust,
  abstract = {We study the relation between trust and economic growth. We explore the history of the topic and conduct empirical analysis using all the available data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, including data for the recent years. We show that results of the classic models that establish positive relation between trust and economic growth do not replicate on the most recent data. Moreover, neither use of alternative indicators of trust, nor dividing the countries into the groups depending on institutional quality yields to the appearance of relation. We discuss possible reasons for the absence of relation between trust and economic growth in the recent years, in particular, the changing role of trust in the modern world, and point to the importance of more detailed exploration of the mechanisms of relation between trust and economic growth.},
  author = {Borisova, Ekaterina I. and Bryzgalin, Viktor A. and Levina, Irina A.},
  doi = {10.32609/0042-8736-2020-10-68-82},
  issn = {0042-8736},
  journal = {Voprosy Ekonomiki},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 10,
  pages = {68-82},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Доверие и экономический рост: есть ли связь? (Trust and economic growth: Is there a relation?)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-10-68-82},
  year = 2020
}

@article{horakova2020mistrustful,
  abstract = {The level of trust in politicians also in government institutions is taken as an indicator of the state of society in general. Various studies have shown that the population of the Central Eastern European countries, and especially the citizens of the Czech Republic, lack trust in state institutions and democratic structures. The trust of the Czech population in government institutions is, compared to other (Western) European countries, at a relatively low level. This article aims to discuss different factors that are currently influencing this lack of trust: the historical, cultural, and institutional. The empirical data for this article is based on the European Values Study and Czech surveys of public opinion concerning trust in government institutions.},
  author = {Horáková, Nicole},
  doi = {10.3167/IJSQ.2020.100206},
  issn = {1757-0344},
  journal = {The International Journal of Social Quality},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {52-71},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {A Mistrustful Society? The Lack of Trust in Government Institutions in the Czech Republic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3167/IJSQ.2020.100206},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2020
}

@article{paskov2022crossclass,
  abstract = {There is long-standing evidence within the literature of class cleavages in social policy preferences. We re-evaluate class cleavages in support for redistribution by specifically focusing on the role played by cross-class embeddedness: the idea that individuals can be embedded in multiple social classes through family ties. Stronger affinity to the working class is hypothesized to be associated with stronger support for redistribution. We construct a harmonized measure of cross-class embeddedness combining information on social class positions for individuals, their parents, and their partner. The results demonstrate that cross-class embeddedness is highly common in the European context and linear probability models show that it is robustly associated with support for redistribution. Individuals who have more ties with the working classes are more supportive of redistribution and the effect is somewhat stronger for women than for men. Cross-class embeddedness through close family ties accounts for substantial heterogeneity within the upper classes. We conclude that family needs to be recognized as the unit of stratification that influences material interests and as a context of socialization that likely shapes solidarity. Cross-class embeddedness through family ties is thus important to consider in any analysis of social policy preferences.},
  author = {Paskov, Marii and Weisstanner, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcab040},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0266-7215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {286–303},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Cross-Class Embeddedness through Family Ties and Support for Income Redistribution},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcab040},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2022
}

@article{papadoudis2021methodological,
  abstract = {The investigation focuses on the methodology of constructing alternative cultural maps based on individual’s values in Greece, Europe and the world, but also vice versa. The global cultural map of Inglehart & Welzel as well as the new cultural map of the world of Welzel are used as methodological examples, which reflect value estimates in two dimensions for each society investigated by the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS). The analysis is carried out fundamentally with the methodology proposed by WVS; following it strictly but also to a certain extent experimentally. Values data are transformed into coordinates of two-dimensional maps (traditional versus rational values and survival versus self-expression values & sacred versus secular values and obedient versus emancipative values) in such a way as to ensure high comparability across space and time. A central issue for this investigation is the methods and techniques that maintain, reduce or enhance this comparability.},
  author = {Papadoudis, Giorgos},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.12681/sas.25157},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Science and Society: Journal of Political and Moral Theory},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {54-83},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Μια μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση εναλλακτικών πολιτισμικών χαρτών με βάση τις αξίες (A Methodological approach of alternative cultural maps based on values)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12681/sas.25157},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2021
}

@article{alfano2022ethics,
  abstract = {Non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19 rely largely on voluntary compliance among the target population to be effective, since such measures, which are aimed at the entire population, are very hard to enforce. In this paper, we focus on the impact of different work ethics on the spread of COVID-19. There are indeed reasons to believe that populations with different attitudes toward work will react differently to stay-at-home orders and other policies that forbid people from working. By means of a quantitative analysis, using hybrid model estimators, we test the impact of different work ethics on COVID-19 diffusion in a sample of 30 European countries. Results show that the more a population holds certain beliefs about work—namely, that it is humiliating to receive money without working, that people who do not work become lazy, and that work always comes first—the higher contagion rates of COVID-19 are, ceteris paribus. On the other hand, the more a population perceives work as a social duty, the lower contagion rates are. All this suggests that different work ethics matter in the containment of COVID-19.},
  author = {Alfano, Vincenzo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s10198-021-01402-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {16187601},
  journal = {The European Journal of Health Economics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {893–901},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Work ethics, stay-at-home measures and COVID-19 diffusion: How is the pandemic afected by the way people perceive work?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01402-0},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{rusu2021solidaritatea,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Rusu, Horațiu},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {61-68},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Solidaritatea socială în Romania contemporană: absență, declin sau nici una dintre ele?},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{artsiomenkamelyantsova2021urbanization,
  abstract = {The material based on the results of the World Value Study and the European Value Survey examines the influence of the size of a settlement on the dynamics of changes in family values. Based on a comparative analysis of the dynamics of value orientations of residents of different settlements, it is concluded that the general trends towards traditionalization of values are universal for different types of settlements, but in the largest cities there is a decrease in the importance of children, as well as a more pronounced trend towards an increase in the importance of the professional role of women. This suggests that subsequent urbanization may lead to a change in the trend from traditionalization to modernization of family values in the future.},
  address = {Minsk},
  author = {Artsiomenka-Melyantsova, A. K.},
  booktitle = {Социальные практики и развитие городской среды: урбанистика и инноватика},
  editor = {Пинчук, И. В. and Гафарова, Ю. Ю. and Новикова, О. В. and Сарна, А. Я.},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {18-23},
  publisher = {Минск : БГУ},
  study = {WVS/EVS2017},
  title = {Urbanization as a factor of family values transformation},
  url = {https://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/272392},
  year = 2021
}

@article{chylikova2020unexpected,
  abstract = {This study explores the acquiescent response style (ARS) among respondents in the Czech Republic. To analyse ARS, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed and the response style (RS) was modelled as a latent variable. The RS factor in the CFA model must be validated by its relationship to education and age, i.e. proxies of cognitive ability. The two studies presented in this article use large amount of data as all available balanced batteries of items were analysed. In Study 1, the RS factor showed no correlation with age/education in most of the models. Study 2 employed additional measures of cognitive ability and education and confirmed the overall absence of the relationship. Author concludes that the modelled RS factor then cannot be considered the ARS and deduces that the most likely explanation of the identified systematic error variance is the respondents’ carelessness manifested by automatically choosing the extreme agreement, or choosing the first presented answer as a result of memory effect.},
  author = {Chylíková, Johana},
  doi = {10.1080/13645579.2020.1733182},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2020.1733182},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Research Methodology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {677-694},
  study = {EVS1991 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP},
  title = {(Un)expected exception: validating acquiescent response style factor in the Czech Republic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2020.1733182},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2020
}

@article{reptovanovakova2020curious,
  abstract = {A singular focus on the formal institutional reforms and economic variables misses the mark when it comes to explaining the decreasing support for liberal democracy in Central and Eastern Europe. This article suggests that over thirty years after the beginning of the “transition to democracy,” a closer look at the conditional factors of social quality can shed a different light on the transformation of societal realities. In particular, it pays attention to the extent to which people are able to participate in social and societal relationships under conditions that enhance their well-being, capacity, and individual potential. Slovakia is chosen as a case study, as it is both representative of some of the wider malaises characteristic of the younger European democracies and as it is a rather interesting example of liberal democracy within the region.},
  author = {Reptova Novakova, Zuzana},
  doi = {10.3167/IJSQ.2020.100203},
  issn = {1757-0344},
  journal = {The International Journal of Social Quality},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Curious Case of Slovakia: Regime Preferences Thirty Years after the Velvet Revolution},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3167/IJSQ.2020.100203},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2020
}

@article{wu2021education,
  abstract = {A large literature has suggested that education leads to higher trust. In this article, I argue that how education and trust are associated at the individual level may depend on the level of risk and uncertainty of each institutional setting. Trust involves not only individuals’ risk-taking propensity and capability but also their perception of how uncertain or risky the situation they are in. I test this micro–macro interactive approach by analyzing data from the World Values Survey, the European Social Survey, and the World Bank. Results show that the education and trust association can change from positive to negative both cross-nationally and within national contexts over time in response to the social and political stability at the macro level. In stable and low-conflict societies, the association between education and trust is highly positive. However, the association becomes negative in transitional societies where social and political risks are widespread. Supporting the risk-taking and risk awareness mechanisms underpinning the interactive process, I show that education has varying impacts on risk-taking propensity and risk awareness across different institutional contexts. },
  author = {Wu, Cary},
  doi = {10.1177/0731121421990045},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121421990045},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Sociological Perspectives},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1166-1186},
  study-id = {JointEVS/WVS},
  title = {Education and Social Trust in Global Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121421990045},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2021
}

@article{blagojevic2020dynamics,
  abstract = {In an overview manner the authors keep a close watch on the general sociopolitical conditions in Serbia in their long-term perspective, incorporating into this framework the results of research on the relationship of people with religion and the Church – in other words, their religiosity. They use two methodological approaches: historical and sociological analysis, and experimental results on indicators of religiosity, or people's attachment to the Eastern Orthodox religion and the Eastern Orthodox Church in Serbia. Composition of the article: after introducing and choosing a methodological approach, the authors analyze people's attachment to religion and the Church in various social systems over time, describing the religious structure. In the first phase, before World War II, the religious structure is described as stable with a Pro-Orthodox consensus and without problematic issues. In the second phase, after World War II – as a destabilized religious structure with an emphasis on the process of atheization. In the third phase, in the early 90s of the last century – as a (re)stabilized religious structure in the process of desecularization of Serbian society. Finally, at the present time – as a restored religious structure, established during the 90s. The article promotes a sociological approach to spiritual and socio-psychological phenomena, with all the disadvantages of this approach in relation to the study of the phenomena of religion and religiosity. },
  author = {Blagojevic, Mirko and Bakrac, Vladimir},
  doi = {10.18413/2408-9338-2020-6-3-0-5},
  journal = {Research Result. Sociology and management},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {77-90},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Социальные структуры, социальные институты и процессы (Dynamics of people's attachment to the (orthodox) religion and the church in Serbia)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2408-9338-2020-6-3-0-5},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{dinca2021opiniile,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Dincă, Melinda and Lucheș, Daniel},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {187-192},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Opiniile liceenilor despre toleranță},
  year = 2021
}

@article{petrescumag2020beliefs,
  abstract = {The present study seeks to introduce the European Christian community to the debate on environmental degradation while displaying its important role and theological perspectives in the resolution of the environmental crisis. The fundamental question authors have asked here is if Christianity supports pro-environmental attitudes compared to other religions, in a context where religion, in general, represents the ethical foundation of our civilization and, thus, an important behavior guide. The discussion becomes all the more interesting as many voices have identified the Christian theological tradition as ecologically bankrupt, while others as a source for environmental ethics. In seeking to refute or to confirm the Lynne White’s thesis, firstly, we aimed to rediscover the biblical ecological consciousness and the theology of care. Secondly, following the literature evidence on relevant differences between countries and the influence that religion has on approaching environmental issues, we considered the religion-environmental correlation within a particular country context. For this, data from the European Values Study survey were used, by including 20 European countries. One novelty of this contribution is to highlight the influence of the legacy of the former political regime on pro-environmental attitude and religious practices. The study testifies that the search for a common language for environmental stewardship is a difficult task and fundamental to how we behave. Despite this, within this frame of discussion, we argue that Christianity, as a major social actor, co-exists with and can enhance the interest in and respect for nature.},
  author = {Petrescu-Mag, Ruxandra Malina and Ana, Adrian and Vermeir, Iris and Petrescu, Dacinia Crina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1007/s10806-020-09832-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1573322X},
  journal = {Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {421–446},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Beliefs and Actions Towards an Environmental Ethical Life: The Christianity-Environment Nexus Reflected in a Cross-National Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-020-09832-1},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2020
}

@article{silvola2020limits,
  abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to enrich extant understanding of the role of both agency and context in the uptake of sustainability assurance. To this end, the authors examine auditors' attempts to promote sustainability assurance and establish it as a practice requiring the professional involvement of auditors. Design/methodology/approach: Applying institutional work (Lawrence and Suddaby, 2006) and institutional logics (Thornton, 2002; Thornton et al., 2012) as the method theories, the authors examine interview data and a variety of documentary evidence collected in Finland, a small society characterized by social and environmental values, beliefs in functioning institutions and public trust in companies behaving responsibly. Findings: With this study, the authors make two main contributions to extant literature. First, the authors illustrate the limits that society-level logics related to corporate social responsibility, together with the undermining or rejected institutional work of other agents, place especially on the political and cultural work undertaken by auditors. Second, the study responds to Power's (2003) call for country-specific studies by exploring a rather unique context, Finland, where societal trust in companies is arguably stronger than in many other countries and this trust appears to affect how actors perceive the need for sustainability assurance. Originality/value: This is one of the few accounting studies that combines institutional logics and institutional work to study the uptake of a management fashion, in this case sustainability assurance.},
  author = {Silvola, Hanna and Vinnari, Eija},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1108/AAAJ-02-2019-3890},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {0951-3574},
  journal = {Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The limits of institutional work: a field study on auditors' efforts to promote sustainability assurance in a trust society},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-02-2019-3890},
  year = 2020
}

@article{kokkonen2023nativist,
  abstract = {Do nativists differ from other citizens in their attitudes towards democracy? In this article it is demonstrated that nativism goes hand in hand with preferences for a type of democracy where the interests of the natives should prevail, even at the cost of diminished minority rights, checks and balances, and other constraints on executive power. Liberal representative democracy is not for nativists. It is also shown that nativists seem to believe that the end justifies the means when it comes to different forms of decision making, and that this opportunistic trait usually translates into support for more direct democracy and scepticism towards representative democracy, because nativists tend to believe that they are in the majority (even if they are not). This article concludes that this tendency may in fact be a blessing of sorts, as it keeps nativists from supporting alternatives to democracy.Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.2007459 .},
  author = {Kokkonen, Andrej and Linde, Jonas},
  doi = {10.1080/01402382.2021.2007459},
  issn = {01402382},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {49-72},
  study = {EVS2017 ; CSES},
  title = {Nativist attitudes and opportunistic support for democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.2007459},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2023
}

@article{berghammer2021deficits,
  abstract = {A sizeable portion of parents say they lack time with children—an important social problem given that time strains link to parental well-being. Extending perspectives on the demands and rewards of parenting beyond the individual level, we provide a contextual-level window onto mothers' and fathers' time strains. Based on data from the European Quality of Life Survey 2016/17 (n = 5,898), we analyze whether parents feel they spend enough time caring for their children using multilevel models. We first observe that country context matters in that perceptions of time only moderately or weakly relate to hours with children across countries, especially for fathers, suggesting varying social expectations across Europe. Second, in multivariate analyses examining micro- and macro-level factors, we show that at the individual level, feeling too little time with children is more frequent among fathers and those who work more hours, even when controlling for estimated weekly hours spent caring for children. At the country level, parents' time strain is higher in countries where employees have less time and place flexibility, typically in Central and Eastern as well as Southern Europe. Gender norms matter as well. Extending contextual perspectives, we argue that how gender-work-family regimes color felt time strain is a promising future research direction.},
  author = {Berghammer, Caroline and Milkie, Melissa A.},
  doi = {10.1111/1468-4446.12899},
  journal = {The British Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1168-1199},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Felt deficits in time with children: Individual and contextual factors across 27 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12899},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2021
}

@book{mclevey2021doing,
  abstract = {Computational approaches offer exciting opportunities for us to do social science differently. This beginner’s guide discusses a range of computational methods and how to use them to study the problems and questions you want to research. It assumes no knowledge of programming, offering step-by-step guidance for coding in Python and drawing on examples of real data analysis to demonstrate how you can apply each approach in any discipline. The book also: Considers important principles of social scientific computing, including transparency, accountability and reproducibility. Understands the realities of completing research projects and offers advice for dealing with issues such as messy or incomplete data and systematic biases. Empowers you to learn at your own pace, with online resources including screencast tutorials and datasets that enable you to practice your skills and get up to speed. For anyone who wants to use computational methods to conduct a social science research project, this book equips you with the skills, good habits and best working practices to do rigorous, high quality work.},
  address = {London},
  author = {McLevey, John},
  isbn = {9781529736700},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Doing Computational Social Science: A Practical Introduction},
  year = 2021
}

@article{rohrbach2022icepop,
  abstract = {Objectives: The ICEpop Capability Measure for Adults (ICECAP-A) assesses 5 capabilities (stability, attachment, autonomy, achievement, and enjoyment) that are important to one’s quality of life and might be an important addition to generic health questionnaires currently used in economic evaluations. This study aimed to develop a Dutch tariff of the Dutch translation of the ICECAP-A. Methods: The methods used are similar to those used in the development of the UK tariff. A profile case best–worst scaling task was presented to 1002 participants from the general Dutch population. A scale-adjusted latent class analysis was performed to test for preferences of ICECAP-A capabilities and scale heterogeneity. Results: A 3-preference class 2-scale class model with worst choice as scale predictor was considered optimal and was used to calculate the resulting tariff. Results indicated that the capabilities stability, attachment, and enjoyment were considered more important aspects of quality of life than autonomy and achievement. Additionally, improving capabilities from low to moderate levels had a larger effect on quality of life than improving capabilities that were already at a higher level. Conclusions: The ICECAP-A tariffs found in this study could be used in economic evaluations of healthcare interventions in The Netherlands.},
  author = {Rohrbach, Pieter J. and Dingemans, Alexandra E. and Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Catharina G.M. and Van Til, Janine A. and Essers, Brigitte A. and Furth, Eric F. Van and Van den Akker-Van Marle, M. Elske},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jval.2021.07.011},
  issn = {1098-3015},
  journal = {Value in Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {125-132},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The ICEpop Capability Measure for Adults Instrument for Capabilities: Development of a Tariff for the Dutch General Population},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2021.07.011},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2022
}

@article{reeskens2021stability,
  abstract = {Some participants of the public debate have argued that the world before and after the coronavirus crisis will look fundamentally different. An underlying assumption is that this crisis will alter public opinion in such a way that it leads to profound societal and political change. Scholarship suggests that while some policy preferences are quite volatile and prone to change under the influence of crises, core values formed during childhood are likely to remain stable. In this article, we test stability or change of a well-selected set of opinions and values before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We rely on a unique longitudinal panel study whereby the Dutch fieldwork of the European Values Study 2017 web survey serves as a baseline; respondents were re-approached in May 2020. The findings indicate that values remain largely stable. However, there is an increase in political support, confirming the so-called rally effect. We conclude our manuscript with a response to the futurists expecting changes in public opinion because of the coronavirus crisis. },
  author = {Reeskens, Tim and Muis, Quita and Sieben, Inge and Vandecasteele, Leen and Luijkx, Ruud and Halman, Loek},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2020.1821075},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {Supplement 1},
  pages = {153-171},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Stability or change of public opinion and values during the coronavirus crisis? Exploring Dutch longitudinal panel data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1821075},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kolczynska2020economy,
  abstract = {Trust in state institutions is essential for the stability and legitimacy of political regimes. Understood in evaluative terms, political trust has often been linked to the performance of the state and its institutions. The macrolevel sources of trust, however, are not well understood owing to the scarcity of empirical tests beyond cross-sectional analyses. This paper examines economic performance and the quality of governance as determinants of political trust in Europe. The analysis relies on data from the European Values Study and the World Values Survey between 1990 and 2019, covering 42 European countries surveyed at least twice. The modelling strategy explicitly distinguishes between-country variation from within-country variation in macrolevel characteristics, enabling the examination of cross-national and longitudinal effects. The results provide evidence of associations between economic performance – economic development and unemployment – and political trust in the expected directions, with some differences across European regions. Further, countries with less corruption tend to enjoy higher political trust, but the effects of changes in the level of corruption on trust depend on the corruption indicator used. Finally, improvements in the quality of electoral democracy are associated with declines in political trust.},
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.13060/csr.2020.051},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {791-833},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Economy and Governance as Determinants of Political Trust in Europe: An Analysis of the European Values Study and World Values Survey, 1990–2019},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.051},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2020
}

@article{yorulmaz2021relationship,
  abstract = {The purpose of this study is to determine the mean effect sizes of the relationship of organisational trust with organisational justice, organisational commitment, and organisational citizenship behaviours in educational organisations. In accordance with this purpose, a meta-analysis was conducted that included studies published between 1997 and 2020 with regard to the specified relationships. In total, 34 studies (Ntotal = 17,271) were included in the meta-analysis concerning the relationship between teachers’ organisational trust and organisational justice perceptions, 35 studies (Ntotal = 15,874) for the relationship between organisational trust and organisational commitment, and 27 studies (Ntotal = 14,991) for the relationship between organisational trust and organisational citizenship behaviours. The meta-analysis also included studies that examined these variables in terms of their sub-dimensions. The included studies consisted of researches conducted in the United States (USA), China, Indonesia, the Netherlands, Iran, Israel, Canada, Kuwait, Malaysia, Pakistan, Thailand, Taiwan, and Turkey. The examination of funnel plots, Duval and Tweedie’s Trim and Fill technique, Orwin’s Fail-Safe N analysis, and Egger’s regression test confirmed an absence of publication bias. Fisher’s ɀ coefficient was used for effect size analyses performed using a random-effects model. The mean effect size of the relationship between organisational trust and organisational justice was determined to be at a high level, whereas the relationship of organisational trust with organisational commitment and organisational citizenship were at a moderate level. The results of the meta-analysis also showed that these relationships did not differ in terms of the sub-groups of grade-level (primary to lower secondary or upper secondary), study-type (article or graduate thesis), or study-year (2010 or before, 2011 to 2015, and 2016 or after), but the relationship of organisational trust with organisational commitment and organisational citizenship significantly differed in terms of country groups (America, Europe, Asia, and Eurasia).},
  author = {Yorulmaz, Yılmaz İlker and Püsküllüoğlu, Elif Iliman and Çolak, İbrahim and Altınkurt, Yahya},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.15390/EB.2021.9806},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Education and Science},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 208,
  pages = {237-277},
  study-id = {EVS/WVS2017-2021},
  title = {The Relationship of Organisational Trust with Organisational Justice, Organisational Commitment, and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours in Educational Organisations: A Meta-Analysis},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2021.9806},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2021
}

@article{majidi2021study,
  abstract = {Examining the role of religion and the evolution of religiosity in Western European societies, as secular societies, has always been important. Given the period from 1980 to 2010, this article seeks to answer the question of what changes religiosity has undergone in Western European societies, especially in the two dimensions of belief in religion and practice of religious beliefs. To answer this question, we have used the survey method and data analysis. In this regard, a survey program entitled "Study of European Values" examined the ideas, attitudes and values ​​of citizens in various fields including religion and religiosity since 1981 and in the form of five study waves (1981, 1990, 1999, 2008 and 2017). The survey data have been used in this article to explain and analyze the discussion. Considering indicators such as theism, religious rites, church attendance rate and adherence to traditional rituals in important matters of life (birth, marriage and death), the findings of this study show that the process of secularization in Western European countries, both in terms of belief in religion and in terms of practice of religious beliefs, has intensified and the role of religion in the lives of Western European societies is much more declining than before.},
  author = {Majidi, mohammadreza and Talkhabi, majid},
  doi = {10.22034/jrr.2021.228143.1703},
  issn = {23453230},
  journal = {Religious Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 16,
  pages = {255-281},
  refid = {128887},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {A Study of the Evolution of Religiosity in Western European Societies from 1980 to 2010},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.22034/jrr.2021.228143.1703},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2021
}

@article{andzans2020threedecade,
  abstract = {This article provides the most comprehensive analysis of the willingness to defend one’s own country in the similar, yet different, Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. It reviews the previous research focussing on regularities explaining the willingness to defend the country. This article proceeds with mapping the results of the previous sociological research from the three countries and discusses the results of a nationally representative poll conducted for the purposes of this research. The previous and current data suggests that Estonians are more likely to defend their country, while Latvians and Lithuanians are less keen to do so. In a wider regional and global context, the willingness to defend one’s own country is high in Estonia but low in Lithuania. Several hypotheses on regularities are tested in the Baltic case. It is affirmed that on the inter-societal level, growth in life opportunities tends to have a negative effect on the willingness to defend one’s own country, though it cannot explain the correlation of fluctuations in both indicators. On the intra-societal level, it is affirmed that men are more likely to defend their own country. While the empirical data in relation to two of the Baltic States confirm some other hypotheses, such as those related to trust in the armed forces, the impact of external threats, and historical experiences, there is no conclusive support in all three regarding other factors like trust in the government, religiousness, conscription, age, nor education on the individual level. That underlines the role of various factors, interaction thereof and their different effect on people’s willingness to defend their countries.},
  author = {Andžāns, Māris and Sprūds, Andris},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790},
  doi = {10.47459/lasr.2020.18.9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811},
  issn = {2335-870X},
  journal = {Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {195-220},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Three-Decade Evolution of the Willingness to Defend One’s Own Country: the Case of the Baltic States},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2020.18.9},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2020
}

@article{laurinavicius2020impact,
  abstract = {Purpose – The objective of the article is to analyze how income inequality affects population decisions on emigration. Research methodology – Correlation and regression analysis are used to determine the relationship between the analyzed social phenomena. Firstly, the correlation between income inequality (its change) and emigration rates is calculated. Secondly, the static and dynamic aspect is evaluated, as well as the influence of data delay (lag) on decision-making. Finally, a regression equation is constructed showing how one variable affects the other. Findings – The analysis identifies the conditions and severity of population income inequality that may influence their emigration decisions. On the one hand, the impact is stronger in the crisis and post-crisis period, and, on the other, in the new EU member states. Research limitations – Sensibility of emigration to different conditions like accessibility (i.e. the opportunity to emigrate freely, such as being a member of the Schengen area) and the income gap between countries of origin and destination is a major limitation of the article which should be examined more closely in later works. Practical implications – The analysis of emigration problem and the identification of its possible links with income inequality would allow economists to assess a priori potential of various measures suggested in practice and, consequently, would allow for more targeted formulation of the State economic policy. Originality/Value – The novelty of the article is defined by insufficient scientific research of relationships between income inequality and emigration as socio-economic phenomena within the new EU member states. A scientific analysis of the problem of emigration and the identification of its possible links with income inequality would contribute to a more detailed study of the scientific aspects of emigration and income inequality.},
  author = {Laurinavičius, Antanas and Laurinavičius, Algimantas and Laurinavičius, Alfredas},
  doi = {10.3846/bme.2020.12683},
  issn = {2029-7491},
  journal = {Business, Management and Education},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {265-281},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Impact of income inequality on emigration: case of Lithuania and other new EU member states},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3846/bme.2020.12683},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{comsa2021percepii,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Comşa, Mircea},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {111-120},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS/WVS2012-2018},
  title = {Percepții cu privire la (in)corectitudinea alegerilor din România},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{bruni2021cooperatives,
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Bruni, Luigino and De Rosa, Dalila and Ferri, Giovanni},
  booktitle = {A Modern Guide to the Economics of Happiness},
  editor = {Bruni, Luigino and Smerilli, Alessandra and Rosa, Dalila De},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {243-278},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Cooperatives and happiness: cross-country evidence on the role of relational capital},
  year = 2021
}

@article{alexandre2021political,
  abstract = {Recent studies have acknowledged the heterogeneity in the way citizens make sense of their economic and cultural beliefs, thus calling to question the conventional assumption that political views are organized along a single liberal-conservative dimension and connected accordingly with left–right identifications. Our article contributes to this stream of research. Primarily highlighting the influence of political sophistication on attitude consistency, we show that only the most interested in politics associate their economic and cultural attitudes in accordance with the liberal-conservative continuum and are able to combine them in a coherent fashion with their ideological identifications. In contrast, large segments of the French public do not respond to the dominant framing of the political debate.},
  author = {Alexandre, Chloé and Gonthier, Frédéric and Guerra, Tristan},
  doi = {10.1057/s41253-020-00143-5},
  issn = {14763427},
  journal = {French Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {158–191},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {What goes with what and for whom? How political sophistication shapes the structuring of economic and cultural beliefs},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-020-00143-5},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@phdthesis{ortmanns2020issues,
  abstract = {Education is a central concept in social science research, and thus a key socio-demographic characteristic that is measured in almost every survey. Due to the importance and wide usage of education in empirical studies, this dissertation takes a closer look at this concept and the related education variables. In this thesis the quality of education variables from the perspective of survey organisers producing the data and of researchers using these data is assessed. Dissertation papers I, II and III evaluate the quality of the widely used ISCED variable (International Standard Classification of Education) by assessing the reliability and comparability of this measure in ten cross-national surveys. These papers have a methodological focus, largely from the perspective of survey organisers who produce data. The papers highlight severe problems in the data quality of the resulting harmonised education variable. Major inconsistencies in the education distributions within countries and years indicate a lack of reliability at the aggregated level, which implies difficulties with data comparability, especially across surveys. In contrast, dissertation paper IV has a substantive focus and uses the education variable as a proxy for cognitive competencies when assessing immigrants’ German language proficiency. In addition to this paper, a construct validation of different education measures is conducted to decide which variable to include in the main analysis of this paper. The results of the construct validation of different education variables show only small differences in the predictive power of these variables. The observed effect of education on immigrants' German language proficiency is in line with previous studies. In this paper, the perspective of a data user is reflected.},
  address = {Mannheim},
  author = {Ortmanns, Verena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.12252 ; 10.4232/1.12661},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA5800 v3.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Universität Mannheim},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2011 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Issues in measuring education in cross-national and migration surveys},
  type = {Dissertation},
  url = {https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/55867/},
  year = 2020
}

@book{suwada2021parenting,
  abstract = {The open access book provides a critical account of parenthood in Polish society. It uses a qualitative perspective to show how mothers and fathers engage with parenthood and also function in the labour market. Parenting in contemporary Poland is not only affected by individual preferences and choices, but significantly by the institutional context, in particular the family policy system, as well as socio-cultural norms of how men and women should fulfill parental roles. The author distinguishes between different kinds of work done in connection to parenthood and shows how the existing institutional system reinforces gender and other forms of social inequalities even in a post-communist state like Poland. The author demonstrates that Polish society has different expectations and institutional norms related to work and gender norms compared to those in long-standing democracies in Europe and elsewhere. The book also shows that the experiences of parenthood in Poland are different between men and women, between single and coupled parents, and based on economic and other resources. This book is of interest to social science students and researchers of family studies, parenting, sociology of work, and social structure in post-communist societies.  },
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Suwada, Katarzyna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-66303-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-66303-2},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Parenting and Work in Poland: A Gender Studies Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66303-2},
  year = 2021
}

@article{davidovic2021unraveling,
  abstract = {Why do some post-communist countries regularly experience democratic overturn of power while others do not? This article analyzes the role of authoritarianism, adopting a novel approach concentrating on three separate dimensions (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression). Examining Montenegro, a country that has not changed its incumbent government since the breakdown of communism, the article argues that authoritarian submission, which stands for an obedient relationship to a political authority, is a relevant factor for the domination of a single party—the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS). I test my assumptions using two surveys: the Montenegrin National Elections Study (2016) and a self-designed student survey. Notwithstanding the Montenegrin and Serb ethnic cleavage and economic preferences that remain significant for voting patterns, findings from both analyses confirm that submissive tendencies are important for voting behavior both for the national sample and for the educated young. This emphasizes the importance of psychological factors and the need to break submissive mindsets for successful democratic transformation in post-communist countries.},
  author = {Davidović, Jovana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1017/nps.2020.61},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Nationalities Papers},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {738-756},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Unraveling the Black Mountain: Authoritarian Submission and Party Preference in Montenegro},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.61},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{kalischerwellander2018tracing,
  abstract = {This paper reviews the literature on the historic roots of trust, with a particular focus on Scandinavia. While there are many surveys on various aspects of trust, none reviews the growing literature on the historic roots of trust. One of the most striking facts is the robust cross-country differences in trust. The share of the population who generally trusts others ranges between 60-70 percent in Scandinavian countries and as low as 3-4 percent in countries such as Colombia and the Philippines. The key problem in disentangling the historic roots of trust is that systematic measurements do not go back far enough, as trust was first systematically measured in 1942 in the United States. The lack of historic data has in recent years led scholars to develop other methods to indirectly trace historic roots, such as comparing the trust rates of decedents of immigrants based on the arrival year of their ancestors. This new line of research suggests that the roots of trust are deep and that high Scandinavian trust emerged prior to the welfare state.},
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Kalischer Wellander, Benjamin and Sanandaji, Tino},
  institution = {Stockholm School of Economics},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2018:1},
  series = {SSE Working Paper Series in Economic History},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Tracing the Historic Roots of Generalized Trust},
  url = {https://swopec.hhs.se/haechi/papers/haechi2018_001.1.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{koops2021having,
  abstract = {The link between parental socio-economic status (SES) and the likelihood of having a birth in cohabitation or in marriage varies considerably across countries. Previous studies have referred to the pattern of disadvantage perspective and the second demographic transition theory to explain this cross-national variation. Yet no study has directly tested the explanatory power of both theories in this context. In the current study, hypotheses are formulated about the influence of economic inequality and norms regarding family formation on this relationship. The hypotheses are tested in 19 European and North American countries, using data of the Generations and Gender Survey and four other datasets. The analyses show that in societies that have more traditional family formation norms, women with lower parental SES are more likely to have a birth in cohabitation whereas such differences are not found in less traditional societies. The influence of economic inequality is less clear-cut.},
  author = {Koops, Judith C. and Liefbroer, Aart C. and Gauthier, Anne H.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1002/psp.2434},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/psp.2434},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Population, Space and Place},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Having a child within a cohabiting union in Europe and North America: What is the role of parents' socio-economic status?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2434},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2021
}

@article{mannoni2021cognitive,
  abstract = {This paper tackles whether it is possible to identify cognitive biases that foster environmental concern among public opinion. In particular, the study focuses on the mere exposure effect. Regression analysis was conducted on data concerning Spain and Italy to test the hypotheses that (1) exposing individuals to proenvironmental stimuli in the form of physical natural environments or recycling policies and (2) belonging to younger generations today is associated with a greater extent of environmental concern. The results confirmed both the hypotheses, suggesting environmental policies that affect individuals in their everyday lives, besides being beneficial for the environment, make the public opinion more conscious about the issue. },
  author = {Mannoni, Elisabetta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.5209/cgap.76194},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Cuadernos de Gobierno y Administración Pública},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Do cognitive biases condition environmental concern? The case of Italy and Spain},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/cgap.76194},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2021
}

@article{saarelainen2021dimensions,
  abstract = {This article explores how the experience of the significance of life turned out during the first Corona Wave. Quantitative research data were collected in the spring of 2020. The majority of respondents (N = 1162) were Finns, Poles, Italians and Spaniards. The research results show that the experience of the significance of life remained quite strong in the early part of the corona pandemic. Religiosity appeared to be a factor in strengthening relevance among respondents. Respondents ’high level of education and aging also seemed to support the experience of relevance. There was also a link between the spread of the pandemic and the experience of its significance. The results show that although a person experiences an experience of relevance, he or she may become challenged in other areas of life. As the pandemic continues, it is to be expected that},
  author = {Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria and Inkilä, Hilla and Oviedo, Lluis and Anthony, Francis-Vincent and Seryczynska, Berenika and Roszak, Piotr and Torralba Albaladejo, Josefa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.37448/dt.111912},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Diakonian tutkimus},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-28},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Dimensions of the significance of life during the first Corona wave},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.37448/dt.111912},
  year = 2021
}

@article{bell2021comparative,
  abstract = {Muslims and immigrants have both been subjected to negative attitudes over the past several decades in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study, this study analyses the changes in these attitudes in the period 1990–2017. We find that negative attitudes have been increasing on average in Europe as a whole, with anti-Muslim attitudes being more prevalent than anti-immigrant attitudes. However, when split into a Western European set and an Eastern European set, from 2008, there is a divergence between the two halves. Our findings reveal that negative attitudes towards Muslims and immigrants have decreased in Western Europe, whereas they have increased significantly in Eastern Europe. Further analyses find that there are large discrepancies between anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant attitudes in different countries. These discrepancies are discussed in detail and related to several relevant factors, such as the differences in size of the Muslim and immigrant populations, variations in the refugee influx and other possible factors and developments.},
  author = {Bell, David Andreas and Valenta, Marko and Strabac, Zan},
  doi = {10.1186/s40878-021-00266-w},
  issn = {2214594X},
  journal = {Comparative Migration Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 57,
  pages = {1-24},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {A comparative analysis of changes in anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim attitudes in Europe: 1990–2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00266-w},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{mesa2020putting,
  address = {Milan},
  author = {Mesa, Diego and Triani, Pierpaolo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  editor = {Rosina, Alessandro},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {41-61},
  publisher = {Vita e Pensiero},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Putting trust to the test},
  year = 2020
}

@article{grzymalakazlowska2021attitudes,
  abstract = {The European Values Study (EVS), which has been conducted in Poland since 1990, allows changes in attitudes to ethnic diversity to be examined. This text will analyze changes in Poles’ tolerance of “the new others” in the context of uncertainties related to the political, economic, and socio-cultural transformations of the past thirty years, with a focus on the last decade. The paper aims to unpack and understand attitudes to Poland’s new ethnic diversity as well as to analyze the dynamism, relationality, and complexities of these changes. Rich empirical data from the European Values Study, focus-group interviews, and individual in-depth interviews are originally analyzed in relation to the concept of (super)diversity, the notion of (in)security, and the theories of complexity and individualization.},
  author = {Grzymala-Kazlowska, Aleksandra},
  doi = {10.26412/psr214.06},
  issn = {1231-1413},
  journal = {Polish Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {241-260},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudes to the New Ethnic Diversity in Poland: Understanding Contradictions and Variations in a Context of Uncertainty and Insecurity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26412/psr214.06},
  volume = 214,
  year = 2021
}

@article{ortegagil2021effect,
  abstract = {Environmental issues, sustainability, and climate change have become the targets of many policies from international and governmental organizations including the EU’s European Green Deal action plan. This plan provides tools to address them—which include support for the circular economy, implementation of energy and environmental taxes, and investment in environmental protection—with the aim of favoring the well-being of EU citizens. In this context, this study analyses the impact of several parameters (environmental matters, global warming, circular economy, energy and environmental taxes, and expenditure and investment on the environment) on life satisfaction, or subjective well-being, and their effects on 33 European countries. For this purpose, four econometric models were carried out using data collected from the World Values Survey (WVS), the European Values Study (EVS), and the World Bank and Eurostat, reflecting subjective citizen satisfaction data. The findings present a highly significant inverse relationship between life satisfaction variables and both environmental problems and energy taxes. Additionally, there is a highly significant positive relationship between circular economy, environmental tax, and environmental protection expenditure parameters and life satisfaction variables, as well as, to a lesser degree of significance, with noise pollution from neighbours.},
  author = {Ortega-Gil, Manuela and Cortés-Sierra, Georgina and ElHichou-Ahmed, Chaima},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.3390/en14185839},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1996-1073},
  journal = {Energies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 18,
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Effect of Environmental Degradation, Climate Change, and the European Green Deal Tools on Life Satisfaction},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185839},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2021
}

@article{anheier2021dahrendorf,
  abstract = {Dahrendorf´s Quandary, an early formulation of the Rodrik Trilemma, stipulates that maintaining economic competitiveness requires countries either to adopt measures detrimental to the cohesion of civil society, or to restrict civil liberties and political participation. The global financial and economic crisis of 2008–09 offers a test case for the applicability of the Quandary. We do so by examining economic, political and social stressors afflicting countries during the period of 2009–2014 relative to the severity and type of crises they experienced, and the ensuing political consequences for economy policy, democracy and society prevalent in 2019. We find that the Quandary does not apply uniformly across advanced market economies. Instead we detect distinct clusters that vary in their intensity of the tension the Quandary stipulates. We also find a consistent and positive relationship between Quandary intensity and crisis severity, yet obtain inconclusive results when looking at the relationship with current trends. The findings suggest that the crisis preparedness and the actual governance capability of countries to address the negative effects of economic globalization are key to managing the tensions inherent in the Dahrendorf Quandary and the Rodrik Trilemma.},
  author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru},
  doi = {10.1111/1758-5899.12901},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1758-5899.12901},
  journal = {Global Policy},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {298-312},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Dahrendorf Quandary, Crisis Severity, and Country Performance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12901},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@article{adriaenssens2022class,
  abstract = {Sexual prejudice negatively affects the quality of life and life chances of those involved. Manual workers are consistently found to be less accepting of homosexuality in studies of sexual conformism. This can be seen as an application of Lipset’s ‘working class conformism’. Our core hypothesis is that this lower tolerance is rooted in working-class experiences. Counter-arguments are that that social class does not matter in contemporary society and that the relationship is spurious, with education as the true cause.},
  author = {Adriaenssens, Stef and Hendrickx, Jef and Holm, Johanna},
  doi = {10.1007/s13178-020-00525-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {15536610},
  journal = {Sexuality Research and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {63–84},
  refid = {Adriaenssens2021},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Class Foundations of Sexual Prejudice toward Gay and Lesbian People},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00525-y},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@book{hengstschlager2021lsungsbegabung,
  abstract = {Kreative Ideen ob für alltägliche Probleme oder für globale Herausforderungen: So aktivieren wir unsere Lösungsbegabung Unsere Welt verändert sich immer schneller und immer umfassender: Klimawandel, Digitalisierung, politischer Populismus und nicht zuletzt die COVID-19-Pandemie zeigen, wie unverzichtbar es ist, die großen Probleme unserer Zeit jetzt anzugehen. Die Fähigkeit, Probleme zu lösen, ist wichtiger denn je. Doch viele Menschen sind davon überfordert. Sie trauen sich die Lösung nicht zu: »Was würde mein Beitrag schon ändern?« Unsicherheit und Angst hemmen unsere Entscheidungsfähigkeit. Auch Ängste sind genetisch mitbestimmt. Der Instinkt gewinnt zu oft die Oberhand über unsere Vernunft. Der Genetiker Markus Hengstschläger zeigt in seinem Sachbuch »Die Lösungsbegabung«: Wir sind nicht auf unsere Gene reduzierbar. Der Mensch hat sein Leben selbst in der Hand! Wie können wir unsere angeborene Lösungsbegabung zur Entfaltung bringen? Die Mitmachkrise überwinden und sich aktiv einbringen: So werden wir von Optimisten oder Pessimisten zu »Ermöglichern« Bedeutsames entdecken, ohne dass man es darauf anlegt: So nutzen wir die Chancen von Serendipität Kreativ ist das neue Normal: Wie wir alte Wege verlassen und nachhaltig unsere Innovationskraft steigern Schluss mit Ausreden: So erkennen und nutzen wir unsere Potenziale Das Unbekannte macht dem Menschen mehr Angst als das Vorhersehbare. Markus Hengstschläger lässt das nicht mehr als Begründung für Untätigkeit gelten. In seinem Buch entwirft er Strategien, die uns Mut aus Sicherheit schöpfen lassen. So können wir gleichzeitig gerichtete sichere und ungerichtete flexible Strategien verfolgen, die uns auf mehr und auch weniger vorhersehbare Zukünfte vorbereiten. Angewendet auf Bildung, Talentmanagement, Forschung, Politik und unsere Arbeitswelt können wir dadurch die Geschichte der Gegenwart neu schreiben!},
  address = {Salzburg},
  author = {Hengstschläger, Markus},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Ecowin},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Die Lösungsbegabung: Gene sind nur unser Werkzeug. Die Nuss knacken wir selbst!},
  year = 2021
}

@article{vaughan2021antiimmigrant,
  abstract = {Years of declining support for democracy and the election of leaders with authoritarian characteristics in liberal-democracies continues to trouble scholars. Current narratives may understate the importance of nativist beliefs in these developments by treating this as a byproduct of broader political movements. I contribute to the understanding of nativism’s role in democratic beliefs by arguing for isolating nativism from broader political movements when studying its consequences. Even when controlling for populism, far-right political affiliation, and important national-level variables, anti-immigrant sentiment is significantly associated with increased illiberal-democratic political preferences and decreased evaluations of the importance of living in a democracy. },
  author = {Vaughan, Kenneth R.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1080/15562948.2020.1843749},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {540-556},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Anti-Immigrant Sentiment and Opposition to Democracy in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2020.1843749},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2021
}

@book{sadlon2021polish,
  abstract = {From a critical realist perspective, this book examines the manner and the extent to which religion is shaped by modernity. With a focus on Poland, one of the most monolithic and religiously active Catholic societies in the world – but which has undergone periods of intense transformation in its recent history – the author explores the transformations that have affected Catholicism from a position of reflexivity. Viewing Catholicism as a system of ideas elaborated by tradition, the author considers the relationship between human subjectivity and social structure by examining the shift from traditional religious practice to modern religious observance, particularly in an era of migration in which many Polish Catholics have relocated to western European countries, with profound changes in their religious outlook. Presenting a new approach to understanding religious change from the perspective of religious reflexivity, Polish Catholicism between Tradition and Migration will appeal to scholars across the social sciences with interests in religion, research methods, social change and critical realist thought.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Sadlon, Wojciech},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Polish Catholicism between Tradition and Migration. Agency, Reflexivity and Transcendence},
  year = 2021
}

@article{heyne2021technocratic,
  abstract = {The onset of the Great Recession raised the profile of technocracy, or government by experts, as a contrasting model to democracy. Yet, there is little research on how attitudes towards technocracy may impact European citizens' political behaviour. Moreover, the consistency of technocracy supporters' political attitudes, especially towards the EU, is questionable. This paper uses new survey panel data collected before and after the European parliament elections in May 2019 in six countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain). We investigate how citizens’ technocratic attitudes affect their voting behaviour in the European elections. We find evidence that citizens with technocratic attitudes are less likely to support mainstream parties, and tend to either abstain or, if they vote, to give their vote to anti-system parties, especially from the populist right. In addition, by distinguishing technocracy supporters according to their partisanship, we conclude that technocracy is a thin ideology that can be combined with different patterns of political support: while many technocracy supporters have no party identification or support non-mainstream parties and show dissatisfaction with democracy and the EU, another subgroup of technocracy supporters identifies with a mainstream political party and show above average political support and support for the EU.},
  author = {Heyne, Lea and Lobo, Marina Costa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102288},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0261-3794},
  journal = {Electoral Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Technocratic attitudes and voting behaviour ten years after the Eurozone crisis: Evidence from the 2019 EP elections},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102288},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kozak2021cultural,
  abstract = {It has been hypothesized that the capacity of universal basic income (UBI) to attract wider public support is impaired by the strength of productivist cultural norms and values, common to the majority of develope societies. The paper contributes to literature on attitudes towards UBI by empirically investigating this hypothesis from a multi-level cross-national perspective, using the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 8 data on UBI support for 23 countries. It seeks to determine whether and to what extent the strength of cultural productivism can explain cross-national variation in public support for the implementation of UBI. Two main findings are reported. First, the results demonstrate that the public are less susceptible to supporting UBI in countries where average employment commitment is higher. Second, the results show that, even though employment commitment is a strong predictor of cross-national variation in the public support for UBI, the effect is surpassed and explained by GDP, which itself is negatively related to the outcome. The study argues that the capacity of UBI to appeal to the general public is limited by the prosperity of post-industrial societies, rather than by the cultural attachment of their populations to paid work. },
  author = {Kozák, Michal},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.12848},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2020.1758741},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1758741},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA6770 v2.1.0},
  issn = {1461-6696},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {23-45},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP2015},
  title = {Cultural productivism and public support for the universal basic income from a cross-national perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1758741},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2021
}

@article{sechel2021share,
  abstract = {This paper proposes the use of headcount-based indicators for the measurement of national Subjective Well-Being (SWB). I argue for the adoption of sufficientarianism as the guiding principle for aggregate measures of SWB, as opposed to the widely used average utilitarianism. I construct measures of the share of sufficiently satisfied individuals using reported life satisfaction data from the World/European Values Surveys across a range of sufficiency thresholds. A Beta-regression approach is employed to explore the empirical relationships between these measures and objective indicators of well-being. The use of this model is novel in this context. The findings reveal relationships between objective measures of development and SWB that are not apparent from analysis relying on conventional average measures of SWB. For example, I find no significant link between national income and the share of satisfied individuals when cultural controls are included (except when the sufficiency threshold is very high), which suggests that the SWB benefit of higher average incomes is limited from a sufficientarian point of view.},
  author = {Sechel, Cristina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2021.03.036},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0167-2681},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {373-394},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The share of satisfied individuals: A headcount measure of aggregate subjective well-being},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.03.036},
  volume = 186,
  year = 2021
}

@article{igorevich2020,
  abstract = {Данная статья посвящена изучению эволюции системы политических ценностей в современной России. В рамках проведенной работы рассматриваются результаты социологических исследований политических ориентаций граждан Российской Федерации, проведенных ведущими мировыми и российскими социологическими агентствами за последние 30 лет. Рассматриваются различные аспекты динамики ценностных ориентаций жителей России и особенности восприятия гражданами России различных составляющих политической культуры. Авторы при помощи социологических методов анализируют политическую культуру Российской Федерации через призму отношений ее жителей к разнообразным элементам системы политических ценностей: демократии, политическому участию как таковому, равенству, свободе, склонности к участию в протестных акциях и т. д. Также авторы рассматривают насколько изменилось в политическом сознании граждан России положение таких ценностей как этатизм, национализм, правые, левые и центристские идеологические ориентации. Исследование выстроено вокруг кросс-темпорального анализа динамики политических ценностей. Основной исследовательской проблемой является распространение качественно новых для России практик политического поведения начиная с 2017-2018 г. Центральной темой исследования является выявление связи между сменой вектора направленности политического поведения граждан Российской Федерации, из-за чего многими исследователями постулируется тезис о возникновении качественно «новой» политической реальности, и более структурными процессами эволюции политических ценностей в современной России. На основе данных социологических опросов World Values Survey, European Values Study, «Всероссийского центра изучения общественного мнения», Федерального агентства по делам молодежи (Росмолодежь) авторы просматривают основные тренды изменений политических ценностей граждан России и определяют траектории их дальнейшего развития.},
  author = {Igorevich, Zhdanov Andrey and Tazitdinovich, Mukhaev Rashid},
  doi = {10.20323/2658-428X-2020-4-9-38-51},
  journal = {Социально-политические исследования},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {38-51},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Эволюция системы политических ценностей в современной россии},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20323/2658-428X-2020-4-9-38-51},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2020
}

@article{juchnowicz2020employee,
  abstract = {The aim of the article is the analysis of the relationship between work engagement and evaluation of remuneration justice in the context of the dimensions of organizational justice in Lithuania and Poland. The starting point for the research was the identification the essence of evaluation of remuneration justice from the perspective of management sciences. Conclusions drawn from the analysis of the views on organizational justice allowed to define the key aspects of remuneration justice necessary for a detailed exploration of the studied area. They point to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of remuneration justice, integrating all its aspects, not only the distribution aspect. The strong link between fair remuneration and work engagement draws attention to the conditions for effective remuneration instruments. On the basis of the results of empirical research, the assessment of the fairness of remuneration by Polish and Lithuanian employees was diagnosed. In Lithuania, 9% and in Poland 52% of respondents described their current salary as fair. Correlations between the examined constructs were examined. It is concluded that for both working Lithuanians and working Poles fair compensation means remuneration appropriate to the work performed. The sense of fairness of remuneration coexists with distributional, procedural and interactive justice and with the lack of feeling of being exploited.},
  author = {Juchnowicz, Marta and Gruževskis, Boguslavas and Kinowska, Hanna},
  doi = {10.3846/btp.2020.12778},
  journal = {Business: Theory and Practice},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {869-879},
  study = {EVS1990-2008},
  title = {Employee engagement and remuneration justice in Lithuania and Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.12778},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2020
}

@article{forse2021sentiments,
  abstract = {It is now commonly accepted that the study of well-being must incorporate a measure of life satisfaction. This satisfaction is studied here using a question asked in two surveys conducted in France in 2009 and 2013 on the perception of inequality and feelings of justice. Subjective well-being then appears to be influenced by income, professional life-course, social mobility and relative deprivation or, more broadly, by comparisons with others, as well as by social and emotional relationships. There is also a strong correlation with feelings about justice in society as a whole. This association could not be anticipated, since in one case it is a matter of judgment about one’s own personal life and, in the other, about society as a whole. However, it may be explained by theories of justice and in particular that of Rawls. It is in any case an explanatory dimension which cannot be reduced to others, even to the mere perception of inequality. For a better understanding of subjective well-being, it would therefore be advisable to take into account this relationship with feelings of social justice beyond all indicators conventionally used.},
  author = {Forsé, Michel and Parodi, Maxime},
  doi = {10.3138/ttr.42.1.73},
  journal = {The Tocqueville Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 1,
  pages = {73-106},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Sentiments de bien-être et de justice sociale},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3138/ttr.42.1.73},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2021
}

@article{pavic2021societalisation,
  abstract = {The main goal of the paper is to explore whether the process of societalisation (Bryan Wilson) has a real impact on the secularisation, i.e. on the decline of various dimensions of religion/religiosity in Europe. The paper comprises three research aims: (1) to explore whether indicators of societalisation (decline of family and rural communities on one side, and the rise of rational voluntary organisations and political activity on the other) exert impact on the possible decline of religiosity, (2) to explore whether other indicators of modernisation, such as individual and societal wealth exert impact on the possible decline of religiosity, and (3) to explore whether societalization has stronger impact on indicators of church-oriented religiosity (religious services' attendance) or on selected indicators of non-church religiosity (prayer outside religious services, personal importance of god), thus tentatively testing the hypothesis of religious individualisation. The study uses the survey data from the 2017 wave of European Values Study as well as other external country-level data (GDP per capita). The data are analysed by using sequential multilevel analyses of cross-sectional data. The results of the study show that almost all indicators of societalisation are inversely correlated with religiosity, and the same goes for personal and societal economic wealth, thus confirming the importance of societalisation as an inherent part of the process of modernisation. Additionally, the results do not provide support for the thesis of religious individualization.},
  author = {Pavić, Željko and Jurlina, Juraj},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.18413/2408-9338-2021-7-3-0-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Research Result. Sociology and management},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {70-81},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Societalisation and Religiosity indicators in Europe: a multilevel analysis},
  url = {https://10.18413/2408-9338-2021-7-3-0-7},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2021
}

@article{spoon2022environmental,
  abstract = {Do non-mainstream parties respond to other non-mainstream parties’ owned issues? Whereas a great deal of extant research has examined the owned issues of non-mainstream parties and when mainstream parties take on these issues, little research has been done to explore when non-mainstream parties expand their issue focus to include the owned issues of other non-mainstream parties. We argue that non-mainstream parties will expand their issue focus as the public salience on the issue increases, but that this expansion is conditioned by the type of issue. In particular, we posit that non-mainstream parties will expand on issues on which there is agreement among their supporters. To test our claims, we examine radical-left, radical right and green parties’ issue expansion on the environment and immigration in 15 West and East European countries from 1980–2018 using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, national election studies, and the Comparative Manifestos Project. Our findings have important implications for non-mainstream parties’ issue evolution and party competition more generally.},
  author = {Spoon, Jae-Jae and Williams, Christopher J.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1177/13540688221117262},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {13540688},
  journal = {Party Politics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1077-1087},
  study = {CSES},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Environmental chauvinism? Explaining issue expansion among non-mainstream parties},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688221117262},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{shirikov2020trust,
  abstract = {Scholars and observers are increasingly concerned that trust in mainstream media is decreasing, which could undermine the democratic political process and make citizens more vulnerable to manipulation. Various surveys have documented dwindling media trust in the U.S. and other democracies, but so far this research has not established whether this decline is a global trend. I suggest a new, more robust approach using data from the World Values Survey to establish worldwide trends in attitudes. The resulting analysis shows there has been some decline in trust in media since the early 1990s, but there is no evidence of a decline among stable democracies. Trust in media has been decreasing instead in democratizing countries and other states that have undergone substantial political changes.},
  author = {Shirikov, Anton},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Is Trust in Media Decreasing? Evidence from the World Values Survey},
  url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3754404},
  year = 2020
}

@article{manea2020value,
  abstract = {An intergenerational shift from more pro-family norms to individual-choice norms has been taking place since the 1980s. Conditions of economic and social security positively contributed to this shift especially in high-income countries. In this paper, we study the modernisation change on value structures in selected Central and Eastern European countries and compare them with Western European ones and look at the generational differences. We first check whether the value shift is moving in the assumed direction and whether it is copying trends observed in Western European countries. We then look at different generations to determine whether the younger generations in CEE countries that grew up after 1989, in a time of rapid economic and political change, show higher levels of post-materialist and post-modern values than the generations socialised and raised during the communist regime. We use data collected by the international repeated cross-sectional European Values Study (EVS). The results are not clear-cut on whether socioeconomic modernisation has led to higher shares of post-materialism, more genderegalitarian attitudes, and stronger support for individual-choice norms in CEE countries. In all the spheres of cultural modernisation analysed we found differences in values and attitudes between generations: the older generations were always more traditional than the younger generations. This was not just true in the CEE countries, as the same trend was recorded in the Western European countries.},
  author = {Manea, Beatrice Chromková and Rabušic, Ladislav},
  doi = {10.13060/csr.2020.033},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4808},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {699-740},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Value Modernisation in Central and Eastern European Countries: How Does Inglehart’s Theory Work?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.033},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2020
}

@article{milovanskafarrington2021children,
  abstract = {We examine the effect of the marginal child and the total number of children on self-reported well-being as a proxy for happiness. Prior literature has not controlled for endogeneity. We propose an instrumental variable approach which remediates the existing endogeneity problem, and generates a non-linear marginal effect and a bimodal distribution which explains why prior research arrived at competing positive, negative, or inconclusive outcomes. We provide evidence in support of a "parenting happiness gap" where happiness declines after the birth of the first child; however, beyond the first child additional children have a significant, positive and increasing effect on well-being. Confirmed by evidence from sociology and psychology literature, we consider possible channels which explain these results and discuss their policy implications in the context of fertility, labor market and health outcomes.},
  author = {Milovanska-Farrington, Stefani and Farrington, Stephen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rie.2021.06.002},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1090-9443},
  journal = {Research in Economics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {More and none? Children and parental well-being: A bimodal outcome from an instrumental variable approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2021.06.002},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{ascoli2019religiously,
  abstract = {This chapter investigates the role played by religious organizations (i.e., Catholic organizations) within the Italian welfare system, focusing on social services. In a long-term perspective, the role played by Catholic organizations has been crucial as far as the specific trajectory of development taken by the Italian system of social services is concerned. Moreover, over the past decades, this relevance seems to have increased due to specific institutional reforms, which have strongly supported a process of ``subsidiarization'' of social policies, as well as the impact of the current economic recession with the related increase in terms of demand for social services. However, given the fact that this relevance has arisen in a context of welfare state retrenchment and inertia of decision makers, a potential risk for Catholic organizations today is that of playing a more substitutive role (rather than a complementary one) in the delivery of social services, thus exacerbating the overall degree of territorial fragmentation and inequalities existing within Italian society.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Ascoli, Ugo and Arlotti, Marco},
  booktitle = {Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare: Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Western Europe},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-77297-4_3},
  editor = {Manuel, Paul Christopher and Glatzer, Miguel},
  isbn = {978-3-319-77297-4},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {47-74},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religiously Oriented Welfare Organizations in Italy Before and After the Great Recession: Toward a More Relevant Role in the Provision of Social Services?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77297-4_3},
  year = 2019
}

@article{gozman2021democratic,
  abstract = {Doubts about building a stable democracy in Russia are usually associated with the peculiarities of both the country’s history and the Russian people’s mentality. However, rather than being exclusively defined by a series of tyrants, Russian history is also marked by impressive attempts at democracy building. The long-standing battle continues to rage between those who advocate that Russia should be developed as a European country and those who adhere to the idea of Russia finding its own peculiar way, defined by autocracy. Indeed, we are witnessing a dramatic escalation of this battle. The specific features of the Russian nation have never been an obstacle to the proper operation of democratic institutions. In addition to sharing democratic values and being ready to implement them in real life, the younger generation of Russian citizens is also able to fight for them as they are now entering the political arena. What precludes democracy in Russia is not its history or the psyche of its citizens but its archaic and incompetent state. Russian society is thus now ready for democracy.},
  author = {Gozman, Leonid},
  doi = {10.1177/17816858211007069},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/17816858211007069},
  journal = {European View},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {54-62},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Democratic Russia: Why it is not a contradiction in terms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/17816858211007069},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2021
}

@book{king2017evolving,
  abstract = {Religion has been a central part of human experience since at least the dawn of recorded history. The gods change, as do the rituals, but the underlying desire remains—a desire to belong to something larger, greater, most lasting than our mortal, finite selves. But where did that desire come from? Can we explain its emergence through evolution? Yes, says biological anthropologist Barbara J. King—and doing so not only helps us to understand the religious imagination, but also reveals fascinating links to the lives and minds of our primate cousins. Evolving God draws on King’s own fieldwork among primates in Africa and paleoanthropology of our extinct ancestors to offer a new way of thinking about the origins of religion, one that situates it in a deep need for emotional connection with others, a need we share with apes and monkeys. Though her thesis is provocative, and she’s not above thoughtful speculation, King’s argument is strongly rooted in close observation and analysis. She traces an evolutionary path that connects us to other primates, who, like us, display empathy, make meanings through interaction, create social rules, and display imagination—the basic building blocks of the religious imagination. With fresh insights, sheresponds to recent suggestions that chimpanzees are spiritual—or even religious—beings, and that our ancient humanlike cousins carefully disposed of their dead well before the time of Neandertals. King writes with a scientist’s appreciation for evidence and argument, leavened with a deep empathy and admiration for the powerful desire to belong,a desire that not only brings us together with other humans, but with our closest animal relations as well.},
  address = {Chicago},
  author = {King, B.J.},
  isbn = {9780226360898},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  lccn = {2016053415},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Evolving God: A Provocative View on the Origins of Religion},
  year = 2017
}

@mastersthesis{granqvist2020attityder,
  abstract = {Syftet med denna pro gradu -avhandling är att undersöka medborgares attityder till myndighetsövervakning. Avhandlingen undersöker hur medborgare förhåller sig till olika former av myndighetsövervakning samt vilka grupper av människor som är mer eller mindre accepterande till myndighetsövervakning. Det som undersöks är attityder till kameraövervakning på offentliga platser, myndigheters rätt till övervakning av e-post och annan information som utbyts över internet, samt attityder till myndigheters rätt att samla in information om vem som helst som bor i Finland utan att personen själv får veta om det. Logistiska regressioner görs på data av frågorna om myndighetsövervakning i European Values Study Svenskfinland 2018.  Ur resultaten framkommer det att attityder gentemot de olika formerna av övervakning skiljer sig från varandra. Kameraövervakning är mest accepterat, medan en större skepsis kan urskiljas mot e-postövervakning och insamling av information utan samtycke. Därtill fastställs att äldre personer i regel är mer accepterande gentemot kamera- och e-postövervakning än de yngre. Det finns en skillnad mellan könen där kvinnor accepterar kameraövervakning i större utsträckning än män. Ur resultaten framkommer också att lägre utbildade är mer accepterande till e-postövervakning och myndigheternas rätt att samla information än högre utbildade. Institutionellt förtroende konstateras ha en signifikant effekt på inställningen till myndighetsövervakning, där de med högt institutionellt förtroende i större utsträckning accepterar internet- och e-postövervakningen samt att myndigheter samlar in information. Politisk orientering var den enda faktorn som gav signifikanta resultat på alla tre former av övervakning som i avhandlingen undersöktes. Där kunde konstateras att vänsterorienterade personer är mer kritiska till alla tre former av övervakning och informationsinsamling än högerorienterade.},
  address = {Helsinki},
  author = {Granqvist, Emilia},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {University of Helsinki},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Attityder till myndighetsövervakning av medborgare : en kvantitativ studie av European Values Study Svenskfinland 2018},
  type = {Masterarbeit},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10138/317468},
  year = 2020
}

@article{dawson2021achilles,
  abstract = {This study investigates the macro-level correlates of subjective state legitimacy using a cross-national panel dataset of 82 countries from 1989 to 2014. It conducts the first comprehensive multivariate assessment of the effect of democracy, while also evaluating the effects of the nationalist principle of ethnic self-rule and state endogeneity (i.e. colonialism), net of controls. The findings suggest that—contrary to certain theories and earlier empirical studies—democracy has a strong and negative association with legitimacy, which is robust across different measures of democracy and model specifications. The results also provide some evidence that adhering to the nationalist principle is related to subjective state legitimacy, while suggesting that state endogeneity is not. Moreover, democracy is the strongest correlate of subjective state legitimacy whose effect becomes stronger—rather than weaker, as some predict—in the presence of controls. Preliminary analyses provide some support to the claim that the freedom of expression contributes to the negative democracy/state legitimacy relationship.},
  author = {Dawson, Andrew},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102574},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {0049-089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The achilles heel of democracy? A macro cross-national assessment of the correlates of state legitimacy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102574},
  volume = 97,
  year = 2021
}

@article{krupavicius2020lithuania,
  abstract = {Thirty years ago a zeitgeist of democratisation took over all three Baltic Republics, including Lithuania, like a storm. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Baltic countries restored statehood and implemented all necessary political, economic and social reforms. The focus of this article, however, is a social context of politics and democracy in Lithuania and in comparative perspective after the thirty years from transition to democracy. Today Lithuania is a democracy, but it has significant shortcomings. A disappointment with democracy is not unique. In Lithuania it is manisfested in numerous ways. Mostly Lithuania suffers from the alienation of citizens and the state. A growing political apathy, a decline of trust, a lack of satisfaction with a fairness and transparency of political system are clear directions of this disappointment with democracy. According to R. Dahrendorf the Good Society must square the circle of prosperity, civility and liberty. Nowadays the civility still is the most distant aim to achieve.},
  author = {Krupavicius, Algis},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Central European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  month = {11},
  number = 82,
  pages = {87- 107},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Lithuania in Comparative Perspective: From Transition to Flawed Democracy},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2020
}

@article{guerrero2023assessing,
  abstract = {This paper theorizes how institutional conditions influence students’ entrepreneurship dynamics (e.g., nascent and active), especially these institutional conditions related to environments where students are mostly exposed (e.g., university and country), as well as the moderation effect of the type of economy (e.g., post-socialist and marked-oriented). We tested our proposed theoretical model in a sample of 91,105 students from 557 European universities located in nine post-socialist economies and nine market-oriented economies. The results show the important role of informal institutions in the country (societal perceptions) and university (students’ perception) on students’ entrepreneurial dynamics, especially the moderation of post-socialist and market-oriented economies on the informal institutions that influence nascent entrepreneurs. Several implications for policymakers and university managers emerge from this study.},
  author = {Guerrero, Maribel and Marozau, Radzivon},
  doi = {10.1007/s11187-022-00600-1},
  issn = {15730913},
  journal = {Small Business Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {503–519},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Assessing the influence of institutions on students’ entrepreneurial dynamics: evidence from European post-socialist and market-oriented economies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00600-1},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2023
}

@article{lhostis2017using,
  abstract = {New high-speed rail transport infrastructures produce profound time-space changes that make new activities possible. Our aim is to measure the impact of such changes on potential business or leisure travel between cities. We develop a contact potential indicator (Törnqvist, 1970) that measures the possibility of making a trip to a distant location within the desirable time-space prism. The indicator is developed in the context of the high-speed rail line between Tours and Bordeaux. The results demonstrate the possibility of contact from a series of key cities affected by new high-speed rail infrastructure, both before and after project completion. Our analysis shows that Bordeaux benefits greatly from the extension of the rail line: the preferred method of contact to Paris will switch to rail from the current air preference, and several cities that cannot be reached in the current pre-project conditions will become “contactable”. Other cities that benefit are Angoulême, Tours and Poitiers.},
  author = {L’Hostis, Alain and Liu, Liu and Leysens, Thomas},
  doi = {10.4000/belgeo.19584},
  journal = {Belgeo},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {1/17},
  pages = {1-48},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Using contact potential measurements to analyse future intercity links made possible by the Tours–Bordeaux High-Speed Rail line},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.19584},
  year = 2017
}

@article{riabchuk2021piedmont,
  abstract = {The West Ukrainian city of Lviv is often described as a „cradle”, or „hotbed”, of Ukrainian nationalism, within a broader media-spread narrative that counter-opposes Ukraine’s allegedly „nationalistic West” and so-called „pro-Russian East”. The article questions this quasi-binary opposition at the both formal-logical and substantive level, and examines the factors that informed and still tend to support the „nationalistic” image of the region. It finds out no data-based evidence of a higher level of xenophobia or intolerance in Western Ukraine if compared with other Ukrainian regions or some neighboring states, and concludes that the primary reason for the „nationalistic” othering of the city of Lviv and the Western Ukraine was their defiance of the Soviet rule, Soviet norms and values in the post-WWII period. That defiance had many forms but the most manifestly observable was a brazen free use of Ukrainian in the urban environment, deemed „nationalistic” and stigmatized elsewhere in Ukraine. The article draws on the earlier observations of close connection between Ukrainian identity (nationalism) and pro-Western orientation (set of values), determined by a peculiar development of the Ukrainian national project since its very inception in the first half of the 19th century. The higher patriotic mobilization in Lviv (and in Western Ukraine in general) is seen as the main reason for a higher level of social optimism and apparently exaggerated assessments of personal well-being in Lviv vis-à-vis Ukraine’s average. Nowadays, West Ukrainians and the denizens of Lviv face a difficult dual task: to tackle their burdensome „nationalistic” image and to play the self-assigned role of Ukrainian „Piedmont” that leads both the national revival and social modernization. The emphasis on the latter, the essay implies, might be a good key to the successful managing of the former.},
  author = {Riabchuk, Mykola},
  doi = {10.53317/2786-4774-2021-1-9},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {1/2021},
  pages = {142-162},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {„П’ємонт”, „Бандерштадт” і „Колиска націоналізму”. Етнополітична студія одного міста („Piedmont”, „Banderstadt”, and the „Cradle of nationalism”. Ethnopolitical study of a city)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.53317/2786-4774-2021-1-9},
  year = 2021
}

@book{daun2021swedish,
  abstract = {Is there a distinctly Swedish national character? Are Swedes truly shy, unemotional, conflict-avoiding, melancholy, and dour? Swedish Mentality, the English translation of the hugely successful book published in Sweden in 1989, considers the reality behind the myth. The author, Åke Daun, is a respected ethnologist who is sometimes referred to as the "guru" of Swedish character. In recent years, it has become popular to discuss Swedishness and Swedish identity. The advent of the European Union and the increasing presence of immigrant refugees in Sweden have fueled public debate on the distinctiveness of Swedish culture. Daun, however, goes beyond stereotype, drawing upon statistics gathered over more than a decade of research. The result is an entertaining and engagingly written book. Throughout, Daun quotes from interviews with native Swedes and immigrants as well as from travel accounts, folklore, and proverbs. We learn why some Swedes might prefer to walk up a flight of stairs rather than share an elevator with a neighbor and why some gain satisfaction from walking alone in the woods or going fishing. Daun describes a range of factors influencing Swedish character, including population composition, rural background, and even climate. He recognizes behavioral variations related to gender, age, class, and region, and he considers subtleties of individual character as well. Swedish Mentality should interest a wide array of readers, whether of Swedish descent or not.},
  address = {University Park},
  author = {Daun, Åke},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9780271071916},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Penn State University Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Swedish Mentality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9780271071916},
  year = 2021
}

@article{hwa2021works,
  abstract = {Despite a growing emphasis in education policy on ‘what works for whom and in what circumstances’, there is still considerable attention to decontextualised ‘best practices’ that emerge from cross-country comparisons of student achievement. Also, while operational and even political aspects of context are increasingly incorporated into policy research, there is relatively little attention to the relationship between sociocultural context and education policy. In this paper, I explore the extent to which national sociocultural context influences the relationship between one aspect of policy – teacher accountability – and student outcomes. I do so by using multilevel modelling to analyse international survey data on education (from PISA 2012, PISA 2015, and TIMSS 2015) matched at the country level with survey data on culture (from the World Values Survey and Hofstede’s IBM study). I find that one of the sociocultural constructs significantly and consistently moderates the relationship between teacher accountability and student outcomes, suggesting that some teacher accountability approaches may be beneficial in certain sociocultural contexts but detrimental in others. This finding implies a need for caution in generating universal policy prescriptions from international assessments such as PISA and TIMSS. It also strengthens the case for viewing teacher accountability as a socioculturally embedded process.},
  author = {Hwa, Yue-Yi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1080/02680939.2021.2009919},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {02680939},
  journal = {Journal of Education Policy},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {474-499},
  study = {EVS1981-2014},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {‘What works’ depends: teacher accountability policy and sociocultural context in international large-scale surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2021.2009919},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2023
}

@article{chromkovamanea2020value,
  abstract = {An intergenerational shift from more pro-family norms to individual-choice norms has been taking place since the 1980s. Conditions of economic and social security positively contributed to this shift especially in high-income countries. In this paper, we study the modernisation change on value structures in selected Central and Eastern European countries and compare them with Western European ones and look at the generational differences. We first check whether the value shift is moving in the assumed direction and whether it is copying trends observed in Western European countries. We then look at different generations to determine whether the younger generations in CEE countries that grew up after 1989, in a time of rapid economic and political change, show higher levels of post-materialist and post-modern values than the generations socialised and raised during the communist regime. We use data collected by the international repeated cross-sectional European Values Study (EVS). The results are not clear-cut on whether socioeconomic modernisation has led to higher shares of post-materialism, more gender-egalitarian attitudes, and stronger support for individual-choice norms in CEE countries. In all the spheres of cultural modernisation analysed we found differences in values and attitudes between generations: the older generations were always more traditional than the younger generations. This was not just true in the CEE countries, as the same trend was recorded in the Western European countries.},
  author = {Chromkova Manea, Beatrice and Rabusic, Ladislav},
  doi = {10.13060/csr.2020.033},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {00380288},
  journal = {Sociologicky casopis / Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {699-740},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Value Modernisation in Central and Eastern European Countries: How Does Inglehart's Theory Work?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.033},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{mesa2020fiducia,
  address = {Milan},
  author = {Mesa, Diego and Triani, Pierpaolo},
  booktitle = {Giovani ai tempi del coronavirus. Una generazione in lockdown},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {44-65},
  publisher = {Vita e Pensiero},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {La fiducia alla prova},
  year = 2020
}

@article{pavic2021impact,
  abstract = {The main goal of this paper is to investigate whether some dimensions of civic and religious social capital are connected to antisocial attitudes of the youth. Based on the social capital theory and previous research, the author assumed that membership of voluntary associations as a dimension of civic social capital and attendance at religious services as a dimension of religious social capital, will be negatively correlated with antisocial attitudes of the youth. The integrated dataset of the last European Values Study and the World Values Survey waves were used as the sources of the research data. The dataset was comprised of 11,411 respondents who were younger than 25 years old from 79 countries. As hypothesized, at the individual level, attendance at religious services was negatively correlated with antisocial attitudes, whereas membership of voluntary associations was positively correlated with antisocial attitudes. At the country level, none of the hypothesized correlations were confirmed. A cross-level interaction between GDP and associational membership was found. The author explains the findings by evoking the special characteristics of religious social capital and its strength in building moral obligations and by suggesting possible differences in incentives for joining voluntary associations in the countries with different levels of economic wealth.},
  author = {Pavić, Željko},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.3390/soc11030110},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {2075-4698},
  journal = {Societies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {The Impact of Civic and Religious Social Capital on the Antisocial Attitudes of the Youth: A Multi-Level Cross-National Study},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11030110},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2021
}

@article{galland2021conflit,
  abstract = {La mode actuelle dans les médias est de développer l’idée d’un clash entre les générations. L’hebdomadaire Marianne titrait ainsi dans son édition du 27 novembre 2020, « Les jeunes font bande à part », en commentant un sondage (contestable dans sa forme on le verra) qui montrerait « à quel point les 18-30 ans sont en décalage avec le reste de la société sur toute une série de sujets essentiels ». L’idée doit, certes, être prise au sérieux. Après tout, on a assisté, ces derniers mois ou dernières années, à des aff rontements violents lors de manifestations, dont les acteurs les plus impliqués étaient souvent des jeunes. De nouveaux sujets émergent également dans le débat social – concernant les violences policières, l’environnement, les questions de genre, le racisme – dont les porte-paroles sont là aussi, bien souvent, des jeunes et parfois des très jeunes comme la désormais célèbre Greta Thunberg. La thèse n’est d’ailleurs pas développée que par les médias. Elle est soutenue également, mais de manière nuancée, par les excellentes et estimées sociologue et anthropologue, Claudine Attias-Donfut et Martine Segalen dans un livre paru en 20201 . Si l’on veut vraiment argumenter sérieusement l’idée d’une rupture générationnelle sur ces sujets, il faut montrer deux choses : 1) que la mobilisation sur ces thèmes nouveaux concerne une large partie des jeunes et pas seulement une petite frange activiste ; 2) qu’il y a eff ectivement un décrochage générationnel qui fait que les jeunes y adhèrent nettement alors que les adultes restent en retrait, voire s’y opposent. Si l’on voulait être vraiment rigoureux, il faudrait d’ailleurs pouvoir distinguer d’éventuels « eff ets d’âge », d’éventuels « eff ets de génération » et, pour ce faire, comparer les réponses de diff érentes cohortes au même âge. Laissons néanmoins ce débat technique de côté.},
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  doi = {10.3917/regar.059.0067},
  journal = {Regards},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 59,
  pages = {67-76},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Fossé ou conflit entre générations. Mythes et réalités},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/regar.059.0067},
  year = 2021
}

@article{czegledi2021political,
  abstract = {The paper uses data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study on individuals in Hungary and its neighbouring countries to examine the effects of political borders on different beliefs, as opposed to that of ethnic differences or historical borders. The focus on Hungary and its neighbours is explained by the fact that parts of the Hungarian ethno-linguistic community can be found in all these countries, which makes it possible to separate the effect of culture from that of the current political community. By applying a cultural gravity model which is concerned with the differences in beliefs between all possible pairs of individuals in the sample, the paper finds that out of five areas of beliefs, it is the beliefs regarding work, markets, and democracy whose differences are robustly affected by political borders, giving some support to the approach which argues that values are shaped through the dialogue occurring within a political community.},
  author = {Czeglédi, Pál},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1556/204.2021.00004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Society and Economy},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {103-127},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Do political or ethnic and historical borders affect values and beliefs more? Some evidence from Central Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2021.00004},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2021
}

@article{jenkins2022capture,
  abstract = {A common claim about the affluent democracies is that protest is trending, becoming more legitimate and widely used by all political contenders. In the new democracies, protest is seen as having contributed to democratization, but growing apathy has led to protest decline while in authoritarian regimes protest may be spurring more democratization. Assessing these ideas requires comparative trend data covering 15 or more years but constructing such data confronts problems. The major problem is that the most available survey item asks “have you ever joined (lawful) demonstrations,” making it difficult to time when this protest behavior occurred. We advance a novel method for timing these “ever” responses by focusing on young adults (aged 18-23 years), who are likely reporting on participation within the past 5 years. Drawing on the Survey Data Recycling harmonized data set, we use a multilevel model including harmonization and survey quality controls to create predicted probabilities for young adult participation (576 surveys, 119 countries, 1966-2010). Aggregating these to create country-year rate estimates, these compare favorably with overlapping estimates from surveys asking about “the past 5 years or so” and event data from the PolDem project. Harmonization and survey quality controls improve these predicted values. These data provide 15+ years trend estimates for 60 countries, which we use to illustrate the possibilities of estimating comparative protest trends. },
  author = {Jenkins, J. Craig and Kwak, Joonghyun},
  doi = {10.1177/00027642211021627},
  journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {459-488},
  study = {EVS1981 ; ISSP 1995-2001},
  title = {How to Capture Global Protest Trends: Using Survey Data Recycling Data to Construct Cross-National Trends in Protest},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211021627},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2022
}

@article{akaliyski2022community,
  abstract = {The series of recent crises (EURO, refugees, backsliding, Brexit) challenge the self-portrayal of the European Union (EU) as a community of shared values. Against this backdrop, we analyse European Values Study data from 1990 till 2020 to assess the level and change in publics’ acceptance of the EU’s officially propagated values: personal freedom, individual autonomy, social solidarity, ethnic tolerance, civic honesty, gender equality and liberal democracy. We find that EU publics support these values strongly and increasingly over time. The EU-member publics are also remarkably distinct culturally from Eastern European non-EU-nations, especially concerning individual freedoms and gender equality. Simultaneously, however, member nations internalize EU-values at different speeds – alongside traditional religious fault lines that continue to differentiate Europe – in the following order from fastest to slowest: (1) Protestant, (2) Catholic, (3) Ex-communist and (4) Orthodox countries. In conclusion, the EU writ large evolves into a distinct value-sharing community at different speeds. },
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen and Welzel, Christian and Hien, Josef},
  doi = {10.1080/07036337.2021.1956915},
  journal = {Journal of European Integration},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {569-590},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {A community of shared values? Dimensions and dynamics of cultural integration in the European Union},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2021.1956915},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2022
}

@book{franke2020regierungspolitik,
  abstract = {Wann und unter welchen Bedingungen unterscheidet sich die deutsche und britische Regierungspolitik während der Weltfinanzkrise? Dieser Frage geht die Studie im Zuge einer vergleichenden empirischen Analyse des Zeitraums von 2007 bis 2012 am Beispiel der Bankenbranche und Automobilindustrie nach. Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede beider Länder werden mit jeweils spezifischen sektoralen Interessen, gesellschaftlichen Ideen und nationalen Institutionen sowie dem Problembewusstsein der Wähler erklärt. Verwendet wird ein most different case design. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass der Einfluss von Ideen bei zunehmendem Problembewusstsein im Vergleich zu Interessen tendenziell zunimmt, während Institutionen weiterhin den Handlungsrahmen vorgeben.},
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Franke, Michael M.},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748909071},
  isbn = {978-3-8487-6804-2},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  series = {Internationale Politische Ökonomie},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; Eurobarometer 2006-2013},
  title = {Regierungspolitik in der Weltfinanzkrise. Der Einfluss von Interessen, Ideen und Institutionen in Deutschland und Großbritannien am Beispiel des Bankensektors und der Automobilindustrie},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748909071},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2020
}

@article{jutz2020health,
  abstract = {When we study the impact of social policy on health inequalities, we find that most research is based on Western European countries. This study expands the geographical focus by including post-communist countries from Eastern Europe, Russia, and the Caucasus. The 2008/2009 round of the European Values Study (EVS) provides a unique opportunity for this analysis since it covers 23 post-communist countries and 20 Western European countries. The study uses multilevel cross-sectional analyses to examine the moderating role of welfare regimes on socioeconomic health inequalities. Many reviews claim that the results for welfare systems and health inequalities are inconsistent. However, since the studies selected for the reviews are mainly focused on Western Europe—only a few include Central Eastern European countries—we still need to find out how welfare regimes in post-communist countries moderate the link between socioeconomic status and health. A cluster analysis based on 13 social and economic indicators generates 4 welfare clusters within the post-communist countries which are used for further analyses. Regarding the achievements of the communist countries in compulsory secondary education, the expectation is that the educational health inequalities differ between Eastern and Western Europe. The multilevel analyses confirm that social gradients in health related to education and income exist in both Western and Eastern Europe. However, while income-related health inequalities are similar, educational health inequalities are most pronounced in the welfare cluster of the EU Member States of Central and Eastern Europe.},
  author = {Jutz, Regina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113357},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Social Science & Medicine},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Health inequalities in Eastern Europe. Does the role of the welfare regime differ from Western Europe?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113357},
  volume = 267,
  year = 2020
}

@article{kuhn2021corruption,
  abstract = {Existing explanations of individual preferences for decentralization and secession focus on collective identity, economic considerations, and party politics. This paper contributes to this literature by showing that preferences for fiscal and political decentralization are also driven by concern about the quality of government in the face of corruption. It makes two claims. First, information on national-level corruption decreases satisfaction with national politicians, and subsequently increases preferences for decentralization and secession. Second, information on regional-level corruption pushes citizens of highly corrupt regions to prefer national retrenchment and unitary states. The effects of this political compensation mechanism crosscut national identities and involve regions that are not ethnically or economically different from the core. We test our argument using a survey experiment in Spain and confirm its cross-national generalizability with data from the European Values Study.},
  author = {Kuhn, Theresa and Pardos-Prado, Sergi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12420},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {625-647},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Corruption and support for decentralization},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12420},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{gellel2020religious,
  address = {Göttingen},
  author = {Gellel, Adrian-Mario},
  booktitle = {Religious Education at Schools in Europe: Part 6: Southern Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10059},
  editor = {Rothgangel, Martin and Rechenmacher, Dorothea and Jäggle, Martin},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {113-138},
  publisher = {Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religious education at schools in Malta},
  year = 2020
}

@article{kutylo2021kryzys,
  abstract = {It would be valuable on the basis of sociology religion to concentrate on the crisis of religious institutions and its impact on religiosity in the contemporary sociological discussions. According to theories of secularization, the crisis is a symptom of a broader process of secularization and it is related to the structural changes. In turn, the economic theories assume the crisis as a consequence of some non-effectiveness of religious institutions to the needs of the believers. Both approaches seem to provide interesting solutions to the problem. Here, I took a midway position I found that the structural changes decrease the ability of religious institutions to organize religious life of its members and, in result, the members are less and less satisfied with them. In addition, this process has its own impact on their religiosity. The main consequence of the crisis is the decline in church attendance. In order to verify the assumptions I used the data on Polish Catholics from two surveys carried out in 1999 and 2008 as the part of the European Values Survey. The outcomes of the statistical analysis seem to confirm the above assumptions.},
  author = {Kutyło, Łukasz},
  doi = {10.7494/human.2021.20.3.13},
  journal = {Studia Humanistyczne AGH},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {13-31},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Kryzys instytucji religijnych i jego wpływ na religijność. Przypadek Polski (The crisis of religious institutions and its impact on religiosity. The case of Poland)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7494/human.2021.20.3.13},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2021
}

@article{fucik2021trends,
  abstract = {This study examines how the public acceptance of divorce has changed in European countries in recent decades. Taking advantage of the large-scale, comparative, and long-run measurement of value orientations in the European Values Study 1981–2017 it focuses on value change connected with divorce in a macro perspective. The article explores the acceptance of divorce in three aspects: 1) it measures and compares the trends in the acceptance of divorce in various European societies between 1981(1991) and 2017 and contrasts these trends with the data on divorce rates in these countries; (2) it explores the consistency/correlation between divorce attitudes and the affinitive value orientations associated in the broader set of values connected with the concept of the deinstitutionalisation of marriage; (3) it looks for the correlates of divorce acceptance and the changes in acceptance over time at the individual level (sex, education, cohort, family background, religiosity). Because of the descriptive nature of the research, no hypotheses are tested. The results show that divorce acceptance is rising over time in all EVS countries, and the acceptance is connected to divorce levels in given societies. Attitudes towards divorce form a consistent set of values together with other marriage deinstitutionalisation indicators. The acceptance of divorce correlates on an individual level with age, education, and religion, but surprisingly there is only weak difference between men and women.},
  author = {Fučík, Petr},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.13060/csr.2020.053},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {863-895},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Trends in Divorce Acceptance and Its Correlates across European Countries},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.053},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2021
}

@article{hook2022national,
  abstract = {Some scholars hypothesize that although work–family policies help incorporate women into the labour market, they do so by integrating women, and mothers specifically, into female-dominated occupations. Some suggest that although these policies are 'good' for lower educated women, they harm higher educated women by concentrating them in female-dominated professions. We revisit this debate using the highest quality data brought to bear on this question to date. We use the EU Labour Force Survey 1999–2016 (n = 21 countries, 235 country-years, 2.5 million men and women aged 20–44), combined with an original collection of country-year indicators. Specifically, we examine how the two most widely studied work–family policies - paid parental leave and early childhood education and care (ECEC) - and public sector size affect occupational segregation for men and women by educational attainment and parental status. We find no evidence that 'generous' welfare states promote segregation. Rather, a specific policy - parental leave in excess of 9 months - promotes segregation between men and women broadly, but most acutely for non-tertiary-educated mothers. Findings are generally null for paid leave of up to 9 months. ECEC is associated with greater integration, particularly for tertiary-educated women. Large public sectors are associated with segregation, with both tertiary-educated men and women more likely to work in feminized occupations. Public sector size, however, is not as tightly bundled with work–family policies as previous work suggests.},
  author = {Hook, Jennifer L. and Li, Meiying and Paek, Eunjeong and Cotter, Brigid},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcac046},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {02667215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {280–300},
  study = {EU-LFS 2018},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {National work–family policies and the occupational segregation of women and mothers in European countries, 1999–2016},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcac046},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2023
}

@article{haramija2020uloga,
  abstract = {U radu se razmatra uloga vrednota u političkom određenju stranaka i birača u Hrvatskoj na primjeru izbora za Europski parlament 2019. godine. Daje se pregled političkog određenja, ciljeva i vrednota klubova stranaka u Europskom parlamentu i stranaka u Hrvatskoj koje su osvojile više od 1% glasova u izborima za Europski parlament 2019. godine. Potom se uspoređuju rezultati hrvatskih istraživanja vrednota s rezultatima izbora za Europski parlament po regijama u Hrvatskoj. Dolazi se do spoznaje da se klubovi stranaka u Europskom parlamentu i stranke u Hrvatskoj na sličan način politički određuju po vrednotama koje deklariraju. Uočene su i podudarnosti koje ukazuju na vjerojatnost da se odluka birača na izborima državne razine temelji na istovjetnosti vrednota do kojih birači drže i vrednota koje stranke i kandidati zastupaju.},
  author = {Haramija, Predrag},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {877-902},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Uloga vrednota u političkom određenju stranaka i birača promišljanje na primjeru izbora za Europski parlament 2019. u Republici Hrvatskoj},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/254571.},
  volume = 90,
  year = 2020
}

@article{fidan2021liberal,
  abstract = {The present study examines the association between sexual morality, religion, and attitudes toward the practice of abortion in Turkey. Drawing upon data from the 2008–2010 European Value Survey in the case of Turkey, several hypotheses were tested concerning the role of liberal sexual relations and many aspects of religion on abortion attitudes. Findings reveal that support of liberal sexual relations demonstrates the strongest justification for abortion. As a religious determinant, prayer practice indicates the most robust opposition to the practice of abortion. Additional religious factors, personal religious identity, and personal faith were also found to be significantly associated with antiabortion attitudes. The findings are discussed and have implications for future research on attitudes toward abortion.},
  author = {Fidan, Ahmet and Alagoz, Rezzan and Karaman, Nuray},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10020},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12755},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4791 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {914-933},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Liberal sexual morality, religion, and attitudes toward abortion in Turkey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12755},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2021
}

@article{schmieder2021gender,
  abstract = {Das öffentliche Interesse am Gender Pay Gap ist in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland deutlich gestiegen. Gleichzeitig hat sich bei der prozentualen Lohnlücke zwischen Frauen und Männern hierzulande kaum etwas getan. Ein europäischer Vergleich zeigt, dass niedrigere Frauenerwerbsquoten tendenziell mit einem niedrigeren Gender Pay Gap einhergehen. Eine Erklärung hierfür sind über die Länder variierende Geschlechterunterschiede in den Charakteristika der erwerbstätigen Bevölkerung. Sowohl im Vergleich zu allen Ländern als auch ausschließlich zu solchen mit ähnlichen Frauenerwerbsquoten hat Deutschland einen der höchsten Gender Pay Gaps in Europa. Im Gegensatz dazu fallen die nordischen Länder mit ihren vergleichsweise niedrigen Lohnlücken bei gleichzeitig hohen Frauenerwerbsquoten im europäischen Vergleich besonders positiv auf. Die Ausweitung der Partnermonate beim Elterngeld, der quantitative und qualitative Ausbau der Kinderbetreuung und eine Reform des Ehegattensplittings sind geeignete Instrumente um mehr Gleichstellung am Arbeitsmarkt zu erreichen - sowohl hinsichtlich der Erwerbsbeteiligung als auch der Löhne.},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Schmieder, Julia and Wrohlich, Katharina},
  copyright = {http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.18723/diw_wb:2021-9-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1860-8787},
  journal = {DIW Wochenbericht},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 9,
  pages = {141-147},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gender Pay Gap im europäischen Vergleich: Positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Frauenerwerbsquote und Lohnlücke},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10419/233000},
  volume = 88,
  year = 2021
}

@book{dzieglewski2020coming,
  abstract = {This volume focuses on the process of return migration, from a holistic and policy-oriented perspective. Studies in return migration, which remains a vibrant field for academics, researchers, and policy-makers, have provided a large body of knowledge on particular issues, but generally fall along two lines: they are either broad macro analyses and models (especially economic ones) or narrow ethnographic views (anthropological, sociological, or psychological). This volume attempts to chart a course between these two approaches, combining returning migrants’ life trajectories, as seen by themselves, with analysis of the structural processes that have taken place in the last three decades in Europe and in Poland, as a new EU country. In analyzing the social and cultural changes reflected in the biographies of returning migrants, the author uses a framework based on an original synthesis of Alfred Schütz’s phenomenological approach, focusing on the returnees’ “life words,” with the social realism of Margaret Archer, focusing on the concerns and projects of individuals interacting with social and cultural structures.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Dzięglewski, Mariusz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-64296-9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-030-64296-9},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  series = {Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Coming Home to an (Un)familiar Country. The Strategies of Returning Migrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64296-9},
  year = 2020
}

@article{marozzi2021perceived,
  abstract = {Scientific interest in studying justifiability towards morally debatable behaviors across nations is considerable, but the statistical assessment of the issue has not been very rigorous so far. In fact, many authors measure the related constructs computing composite indicators of justifiability as unweighed averages of perceived justifiability towards morally debatable behaviors. Other than not allowing for different weights, another drawback is that even if the items have different variability, no transformation like the z score is typically applied before computing the average. Another major shortcoming of the available justifiability indexes is the lack of robustness analysis of the results, making their message weak. The aim of this paper is to design very general composite indicators of justifiability towards dishonest-illegal and personal-sexual behaviors without the shortcomings of the other indicators. The indexes are computed for a data set from the European Values Study covering 47 countries and regions. The results show that Sweden, Netherlands and Finland are the most permissive countries towards personal-sexual behaviors followed by other Western and Scandinavian countries, whereas the strictest countries are Kosovo and Turkey. The most permissive countries towards dishonest-illegal behaviors are all ex-communist countries with Belarus and Slovak Republic being the most permissive countries whereas the strictest ones are Northern Cyprus and Turkey.},
  author = {Marozzi, Marco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-020-02490-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {759–778},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Perceived Justifiability Towards Morally Debatable Behaviors Across Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02490-w},
  volume = 153,
  year = 2021
}

@article{krynski2021religious,
  abstract = {The purpose of the article is a conceptual identification of religiosity tendencies in Western Europe at the end of the XXth – the beginning of the XXIst centuries. The methodological bases of the study were socio-philosophical analysis of the religiosity phenomenon, as well as historical systemic and analytical synthetic methods. The Scientific Novelty. In Western Europe new religious processes go beyond the classical contours of modernity. The dynamics of change in the field of religion takes place under conditions of uncertainty, nonlinearity, ephemerality of social processes, as well as the continuing aggravation of relations between secular culture and religion. It is necessary to be critically aware of the fact that the institutional and socio-cultural return of religion (post-secularity) causes vulgarization, the creation of various distorted forms of religiosity. Our point of view is that the decline of a traditional religiosity continues in Western Europe, which is not a localized tendency and a civilizational integration project, a transnational paradigm are being actively promoted. The Conclusions. Western societies remain a relatively secular part of the global world and differ in the level of a religious diversity and the dynamics of a religious change among their population. From the point of view of the confessional identification, Western European countries can be attributed to one Christian culture (unfortunately, practically lost). According to the criterion of religiosity level, “high religion” is characteristic of countries with the maximum number of Orthodox and Catholics. In Western Europe, there is a situation where religion is often engaged with “vicariously”. In Western Europe, an important tendency in religiosity is the subjectivation of faith and practice, which complicates the preservation and transmission of religious traditions. As a result, religiosity is of a situational character.},
  author = {Kryński, Andrzej and Bodak, Valentyna and Tkachenko, Oleksandr},
  doi = {10.24919/2519-058X.20.240034},
  journal = {Skhidnoievropeiskyi Istorychnyi Visnyk / East European Historical Bulletin},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 20,
  pages = {195-206},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Religious processes in Western Europe at the end of the XXth – the beginning of the XXIst centuries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.20.240034},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{connelly2021nationalization,
  abstract = {At the beginning of the twentieth century, Central and Eastern Europe presented one of the richest mosaics of religions in the world, being a region where the three Abrahamic religions co-existed and all major forms of Christianity – Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Protestant – had a marked presence. However, as John Connelly’s chapter shows, Central and Eastern European history in the twentieth century was characterized not only by policies of ‘ethnic cleansing’, but often by similarly brutal processes of religious homogenization as well. Connelly paints a panorama of inter-religious perceptions in the twentieth century in his chapter, analyzing various intellectual responses to inter-religious conflict and violence in particular. The ultimate aim of the chapter is to compare the transformation of Jewish-Christian, Christian-Muslim and Muslim-Jewish relations within Central and Eastern Europe with their evolution in the wider world.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Connelly, John},
  booktitle = {The Routledge History Handbook of CENTRAL AND EASTERN Europe in the Twentieth Century},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003055495-5},
  editor = {Borodziej, Włodzimierz and Laczó, Ferenc and von Puttkamer, Joachim},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Nationalization vs. secularization. The Christian churches in East Central Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003055495-5},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2021
}

@article{anheier2021rodrik,
  abstract = {Rodrik’s Trilemma rests on the incompatibility of democracy, national sovereignty, and global economic integration: any two can be combined, but never all three simultaneously and in full. Addressing the same problèmatique but from a different perspective, Dahrendorf’s Quandary posits that, over time, maintaining global economic competitiveness requires countries either to adopt measures detrimental to the cohesion of civil society or to restrict civil liberties and political participation. The purpose of this article is to examine the empirical foundations of Rodrik’s and Dahrendorf’s propositions.When one assesses developed market economies from 1991 to 2014, evidence suggests that only in rare cases can the Trilemma be overcome, and the tensions the Quandary hypothesizes build up to a significant extent. In most cases examined, however, the performance of the countries is too varied to support the broad claims Rodrik and Dahrendorf put forth in their respective writings. Specifically, next to the small group of five cases where either the Trilemma or the Quandary apply, there are twice as many countries that generally managed to grow moderately in terms of economic globalization, liberal democracy, and social cohesion while avoiding some of the tensions implied in the Quandary or reaching Trilemma conditions. For an even larger group of countries, the evidence suggests that growing economic globalization can coexist with lower societal stressor levels.},
  author = {Anheier, Helmut and Filip, Alexandru},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1525/gp.2021.21245},
  eprint = {https://online.ucpress.edu/gp/article-pdf/2/1/21245/456835/globalperspectives\_2021\_2\_1\_21245.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {2575-7350},
  journal = {Global Perspectives},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Rodrik Trilemma and the Dahrendorf Quandary: An Empirical Assessment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2021.21245},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{gill2020bayesianische,
  abstract = {Dieser Beitrag stellt die Grundzüge der bayesianischen Inferenz vor und argumentiert, dass es sich dabei um das ideale statistische Paradigma für die empirische Politikwissenschaft handelt. Die Politikwissenschaft ist in der Regel mit methodischen Herausforderungen und Daten konfrontiert, die mit den Vorstellungen der klassischen „frequentistischen“ Statistik nur unzureichend vereinbar sind. Bayesianische Methoden dagegen kombinieren Priori-Annahmen über interessierende Phänomene mit empirischer Evidenz, um dadurch zu informierten Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen zu gelangen. Darüber hinaus steht der moderne bayesianische Ansatz in enger Verbindung mit Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Simulationsalgorithmen. Diese ermöglichen es, komplexere Modelle zu schätzen, als dies für herkömmliche Schätzverfahren der Fall ist. Schließlich überzeugt die bayesianische Herangehensweise durch die intuitive Form und Interpretierbarkeit der durch sie erzielten Ergebnisse. Wir demonstrieren die Nützlichkeit des bayesianischen Ansatzes anhand eines Beispiels aus der empirischen Demokratieforschung: der Frage, welchen Einfluss die staatliche Unterstützung von Religion für religiöses Sozialkapital im europäischen Vergleich besitzt.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Gill, Jeff and Traunmüller, Richard},
  booktitle = {Handbuch Methoden der Politikwissenschaft},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-16936-7_33},
  editor = {Wagemann, Claudius and Goerres, Achim and Siewert, Markus B.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-3-658-16936-7},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {671-697},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Bayesianische Inferenz als Alternative zur klassischen Statistik},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16936-7_33},
  year = 2020
}

@article{clancy2020gender,
  abstract = {Higher education systems globally have seen major increases in women?s participation and the overall trend in OECD countries has been a transition from the traditional male majority in enrolments to a substantial female majority. Prompted by a recent reversal of this trend, this paper explores gender differences in participation in higher education in 27 OECD countries between 1971 and 2015. While increased participation by women was thought to be part of the solution to persistent gender inequalities we argue that this is not an inevitable outcome. Our argument is based on an analysis of changes in the gender composition of the student population, using available secondary data. We explore how changing gender differentials are linked to the concurrent massification of HE, changing distribution of enrolments by field of study, changes in sex segregation by field, features of national education systems and wider social structural differences related to gender. Our analysis examines the complex interaction between discipline-specific levels of sex segregation and overall levels of gender parity. We argue that that sex segregation needs to be considered alongside women?s long-standing higher participation rates to understand why the latter has not triggered a transformation in the gendered division of labour.},
  author = {Clancy, Patrick and O’Sullivan, Sara},
  comment = {doi: 10.1080/03323315.2020.1779107},
  doi = {10.1080/03323315.2020.1779107},
  issn = {03323315},
  journal = {Irish Educational Studies},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {337-354},
  privnote = {doi: 10.1080/03323315.2020.1779107},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP 1989-2014},
  title = {Gender parity in higher education enrolments: trends and paradoxes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2020.1779107},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2020
}

@article{hamilton2021strikingly,
  abstract = {While levels of public confidence in the police have declined internationally, the Republic of Ireland appears to have bucked this trend with confidence levels that remain 'strikingly and stubbornly high' (Mulcahy, 2016: 275). This situation appears all the more puzzling given the wave of scandals to have hit the force in recent decades, ranging from police corruption in Donegal in the late 1990s to a more recent whistleblower scandal that has resulted in the resignation of a slew of Ministers and high-ranking officials. Such developments beg important questions as to the factors sustaining public confidence over this tumultuous period. Drawing on international and domestic data, this article aims to probe this ?paradox? of public confidence in the Irish police. It argues that, although confidence is high, there is more to the dynamics of confidence in the police in Ireland than this initial appraisal suggests. Indeed, it advances the Irish case as an illustration both of the dimensionality of the public confidence concept and the complexity of the pathways to trust in the police.},
  author = {Hamilton, Claire and Black, Lynsey},
  doi = {10.1177/14773708211046194},
  issn = {14773708},
  journal = {European Journal of Criminology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1464–1483},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {‘Strikingly and stubbornly high’: Investigating the paradox of public confidence in the Irish police},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708211046194},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2023
}

@article{bartram2021longitudinal,
  abstract = {A number of recent studies find that integration and multiculturalism policies help soften anti-immigrant attitudes among the broader population. These findings, however, emerge from cross-sectional analyses and are potentially vulnerable to omitted variable bias. The analysis in this paper overcomes that limitation by adopting a longitudinal approach. This approach uses data from repeated cross-sections drawn from the European Social Survey and the European Values Survey. These data can be treated as panels in a longitudinal framework once it is recognised that the relevant variables (including the attitudes variables) can be handled effectively as country-level averages. Multi-level modelling (the default approach in existing research) is not necessary; in particular, there is no need to use individual-level control variables. In a fixed-effects analysis of country-level data, adoption of more open/accommodating integration and/or multiculturalism policies does not lead to a reduction in anti-immigration sentiment. The findings of the cross-sectional studies evidently suffer from significant omitted variable bias. },
  author = {Bartram, David and Jarochova, Erika},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1080/1369183X.2021.1922273},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1922273},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {153-172},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {A longitudinal investigation of integration/multiculturalism policies and attitudes towards immigrants in European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1922273    },
  volume = 48,
  year = 2021
}

@article{exposito2021entre,
  abstract = {The purpose of this research was to identify the axiological profiles of practicing and training teachers, based on two axiological models considered antagonistic (conservative and liberal), each one with a well-defined structure. Theoretical approaches are not presented pure in reality due to their profound complexity, however, this type of study allows us to glimpse what is the path that society considers opportune or viable to advance towards the future. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional methodological design was used. The participants surveyed from the first source were third-year teacher students from the 5 most representative teacher training institutes in the Capital of Mendoza (Argentina) and their respective professors. The sample was intentional (n = 337) with a high percentage of women (91.1%). The results allowed identifying three factors: Autonomy, Equality and Tradition, from them it was possible to discriminate prevailing trends and profiles.},
  author = {Expósito, Christian and de Anglat, Hilda Difabio},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.11554 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol14iss36.2021pp45-57p},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3781 v3.0.1 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Science Magazine Unemi},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 36,
  pages = {45-57},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Entre ideas liberales y conservadoras. Un análisis de posturas valorativas en estudiantes y docentes de profesorado (Between liberal and conservative ideas. An analysis of value positions in students and teachers of professoriate)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol14iss36.2021pp45-57p},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{gorges2021einfluss,
  abstract = {"Die vorliegende Expertise verfolgt die Frage, inwiefern Familienpolitik individuelle Präferenzen für Familie rahmt. Die historischen Ereignisse der deutsch-deutschen Teilung und Wiedervereinigung dienen als natürliches Experiment, durch das die Erfahrungen der Menschen mit familienpolitischen Maßnahmen regional variierte. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielen makroökonometrische Analysen von Befragungsdaten (aus dem ALLBUS und dem EVS) über einen Zeitraum von kurz nach der Wiedervereinigung in 1991 bis 2017 darauf ab, mögliche Auswirkungen dieser unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen auf die Präferenzen für Familie aufzudecken. Die Befunde deuten auf eine bedeutsame Rolle von Familienpolitik hin, die nicht nur Möglichkeiten zum Engagement in der Familie für beide Geschlechter schaffen, sondern auch die Entfaltung von dahingehenden Präferenzen ermutigen kann." Die kumulieren Daten des ALLBUS von 1980 bis 2916 werden in diesem Beitrag als Hauptdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 36. Fassung, Dezember 2021},
  address = {München},
  author = {Görges, Luise},
  booktitle = {Eltern sein in Deutschland. Materialien zum Neunten Familienbericht},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13029 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  editor = {{Sachverständigenkommission des Neunten Familienberichts}},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4586 v1.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {205-235},
  publisher = {DJI Verlag Deutsches Jugendinstitut},
  study-id = {ALLBUSkum1980-2016 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Der Einfluss institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen auf die individuelle Einschätzung der Wichtigkeit von Familie},
  url = {https://www.dji.de/fileadmin/user_upload/bibs2021/SoDr_05_Goerges_Der_Einfluss.pdf},
  year = 2021
}

@article{evans2022diversity,
  abstract = {In societies where the populace exhibits a wide range of religiosity, social conservatives (religiously devout or socially traditional) feel their beliefs and way of life threatened, even where others in their society (secular, or socially liberal) have no desire to threaten them, or to discriminate against them, or even to proselytize. Examples include devout English Pilgrims in liberal 16th century Holland and devout Muslims in liberal 21st century Western Europe. We suggest that this is because diversity in religiosity itself poses a threat to conventional personal morality (attitudes on abortion, divorce, euthanasia, suicide, prostitution). The consequences of societal diversity in religiosity (the centrality of religion to one's life) for individuals? endorsement of conventional personal morality have been neglected in prior research. This paper shows that diversity in religiosity at the national level undermines individuals? endorsement of conventional personal morality, net of an individual's own religiosity, net of the average levels of religiosity and socioeconomic development in the individual's society, and net of key individual-level controls. Data are pooled from the World Values Surveys/European Values Surveys, 1981?2008, with 90 countries, 200+ surveys, and 300,000+ individual respondents. Analysis is by multilevel methods (variance components models with fixed effects and random intercepts, estimated by generalized least squares [GLS]).},
  author = {Evans, M.D.R and Kelley, Jonathan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12756},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00218294},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {41-74},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Diversity in Religiosity Undermines Conventional Personal Morality Across the Globe: Evidence From 90 Nations, 300,000+ Individuals},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12756},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2022
}

@article{goncharova2021dynamics,
  abstract = {Is there a ‘resurrection’ of death in the post-socialist countries brought about by a rediscovery of religious norms and values in the context of the global processes of (de)secularisation? Based on a sample of 20 in-depth biographical interviews with men and women 75 years old and over from Bulgaria, this paper examines the complex dynamics of the privatisation and liberation of religiosity from the grasp of the communist regime. This religiosity developed along with the surge in the interest in Christian rituals, including Christian funeral and mourning, with their reinvention and integration into systems of personal values. However, it lacked the understanding of the Orthodox religious ideas of (preparation for) the afterlife. What emerged was an original death culture, driven largely by pursuits for a reconfirmation of family, national and anti-communist identity. It reproduced an unstable knowledge about the formal aspects of rituals and, paradoxically, was permeated by internalised ideological patterns of mourning, enforced by cultural experts of the communist regime. },
  author = {Goncharova, Galina Nikolaevna},
  doi = {10.1080/13576275.2021.1903187},
  journal = {Mortality},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {187-201},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {New dynamics of religious death culture in Bulgaria in the post-socialist transition period},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13576275.2021.1903187},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2021
}

@article{algan2021franais,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Algan, Yann and Cohen, Daniel},
  doi = {10.3917/ncae.066.0001},
  journal = {Notes du conseil d’analyse économique},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-12},
  study = {EVS/WVS2017-2020},
  title = {Les Français au temps du Covid-19 : économie et société face au risque sanitaire},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/ncae.066.0001},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2021
}

@article{fernandez2021societal,
  abstract = {This manuscript examines the structural causes of the gender gap in political interest. In many countries, men are more interested in politics than women. Yet, in others, men and women prove equally interested. We explain this cross-national variation by focusing on the effects of societal religiosity. Since religion sustains the traditional gender order, contexts where societal religiosity is low undermine the taken-for-grantedness of this order, subjecting it to debate. Men then become especially interested in politics to try to reassert their traditional gender dominance, or to compensate for their increasingly uncertain social status. A secular environment thus increases political interest more among men than among women, expanding this gender gap. Using the World and European Values Survey, we estimate three-level regression models and test our religiosity-based approach in 96 countries. The results are consistent with our hypothesis.},
  author = {Fernández, Juan J. and Jaime-Castillo, Antonio M. and Mayrl, Damon and Valiente, Celia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1111/1468-4446.12789},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {The British Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {252-269},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Societal religiosity and the gender gap in political interest, 1990–2014},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12789},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2021
}

@article{dinas2020ideological,
  abstract = {How do the labels left and right take on meaning in new democracies? Existing explanations point to the universality of the left–right scheme or, reversely, emphasize regionally dominant social cleavages. We propose an alternative legacy-focused theory based on two observations: Dictatorships are not ideologically neutral and are negatively evaluated by most citizens and elites after democratization. These premises lead us to expect that when the authoritarian regime is associated with the left (right), the citizens of a new democracy will display an antileft (antiright) bias in their left–right self-identification. We test this hypothesis across Latin American and European new democracies. We find significant bias, which in the case of new democracies following left-wing regimes is concealed due to intercohort heterogeneity. Although older cohorts denote a positive bias, cohorts born after Stalin’s era denote negative bias against the left. Consistent with our expectations, repression exacerbates this bias whereas indoctrination mitigates it. Finally, we look at how these biases apply to party preferences. The findings have important implications for understanding authoritarian legacies and party system development in new democracies. },
  author = {Dinas, Elias and Northmore-Ball, Ksenia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/0010414019852699},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1957-1991},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Ideological Shadow of Authoritarianism},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019852699    },
  volume = 53,
  year = 2020
}

@article{park2021interrelation,
  abstract = {This paper theoretically examines how country-specific formal and informal institutions are interrelated through international trade within a two-country general-equilibrium framework. When formal and informal institutions collectively generate institutional quality, formal institutions endogenously arise based on exogenously given informal institutions. Institutional quality governs the productivity of an institutionally intensive sector that features increasing returns. I find that in open economies, formal institutions tend to improve with the quality of informal institutions. In contrast, under autarky, formal institutions deteriorate with informal institutional quality. These results reveal that trade opens up the opportunity for enhancing formal institutions of countries with rich informal institutions.},
  author = {Park, Se Mi},
  doi = {10.1111/roie.12546},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/roie.12546},
  journal = {Review of International Economics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {881-897},
  study = {EVS1981-2004},
  title = {The interrelation between formal and informal institutions through international trade},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12546},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2021
}

@book{nespor2020slovensk,
  abstract = {The final monograph of a research project on "Return of Religion in the Public Space" is the first and only analyse of the divergent post-secularisation development of religion in the Czech Republic and Slovakia since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. In addition to the analysis of the development of church-state relations in the two countries, organisational issues facing the established churches and the various ways in which these churches are active in the public space and the public response thereto, the book also addresses issues surrounding church financing and other aspects of the (renewed) public presence of churches and religion. The author concluded that the established churches in particular have failed to adequately cope with the challenges of modern secularisation and are even less capable of managing the impacts of the various post-secular tendencies considered.},
  address = {Karlova},
  author = {Nešpor, Zdeněk R.},
  isbn = {978-80-246-455-1},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Univerzita Karlova},
  study = {ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018 ; EVS1991 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Česká a slovenská religiozita po rozpadu společného státu. Náboženství Dioskúrů},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{roosmaa2021meanings,
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Roosmaa, Eve-Liis and Reiska, Epp and Stasiowski, Jędrzej and Bertolini, Sonia and Torrioni, Paola Maria},
  booktitle = {Social Exclusion of Youth in Europe. The Multifaceted Consequences of Labour Market Insecurity},
  doi = {10.47674/9781447358756},
  editor = {Unt, Marge and Gebel, Michael and Bertolini, Sonia and Deliyanni-Kouimtzi, Vassiliki and Hofäcker, Dirk},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {139-165},
  publisher = {Bristol University Press},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Meanings of work in the narratives of Italian, Estonian, and Polish young people who experience labour market insecurity},
  url = {https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/49978},
  year = 2021
}

@book{abraham2021constitution,
  abstract = {Britain does not have a written constitution. It has rather, over centuries, developed a set of miscellaneous conventions, rules, and norms that govern political behavior. By contrast, Bosnia's constitution was written, quite literally, overnight in a military hanger in Dayton, USA, to conclude a devastating war. By most standards it does not work and is seen to have merely frozen a conflict and all development with it. What might these seemingly unrelated countries be able to teach each other? Britain, racked by recent crises from Brexit to national separatism, may be able to avert long-term political conflict by understanding the pitfalls of writing rigid constitutional rules without popular participation or the cultivation of good political culture. Bosnia, in turn, may be able to thaw its frozen conflict by subjecting parts of its written constitution to amendment, with civic involvement, on a fixed and regular basis; a 'revolving constitution' to replicate some of that flexibility inherent in the British system. A book not just about Bosnia and Britain; a standard may be set for other plural, multi-ethnic polities to follow.},
  author = {Abraham, Aarif},
  isbn = {9783838215167},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {ibidem-Verlag},
  series = {Balkan Politics and Society},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {A Constitution of the People and How to Achieve It: What Bosnia and Britain Can Learn from Each Other},
  year = 2021
}

@article{muringani2021social,
  abstract = {Social capital is an important factor explaining differences in economic growth among regions. However, the key distinction between bonding social capital, which can lead to lock-in and myopia, and bridging social capital, which promotes knowledge flows across diverse groups, has been overlooked in growth research. In this paper, we address this shortcoming by examining how bonding and bridging social capital affect regional economic growth, using data for 190 regions in 21 EU countries, covering eight waves of the European Social Survey between 2002 and 2016. The findings confirm that bridging social capital is linked to higher levels of regional economic growth. Bonding social capital is highly correlated with bridging social capital and associated with lower growth when this is controlled for. We do not find significantly different effects of bonding social capital in regions with more or less bridging social capital, or vice versa. We examine the interaction between social and human capital, finding that bridging social capital is fundamental for stimulating economic growth, especially in low-skilled regions. Human capital also moderates the relationship between bonding social capital and growth, reducing the negative externalities imposed by excessive bonding.},
  author = {Muringani, Jonathan and Fitjar, Rune D. and Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés},
  doi = {10.1177/0308518X211000059},
  issn = {0308518X},
  journal = {Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1412-1434},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Social capital and economic growth in the regions of Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X211000059},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2021
}

@book{howe2020spirit,
  abstract = {Teen Spirit offers a novel and provocative perspective on how we came to be living in an age of political immaturity and social turmoil. Award-winning author, Paul Howe, argues it's because a teenage mentality has slowly gripped the adult world. Howe contends that many features of how we live today—some regrettable, others beneficial—can be traced to the emergence of a more defined adolescent stage of life in the early twentieth century, when young people started spending their formative, developmental years with peers, particularly in formal school settings. He shows how adolescent qualities have slowly seeped upwards, where they have gradually reshaped the norms and habits of adulthood. The effects over the long haul, Howe contends, have been profound, in both the private realm and in the public arena of political, economic, and social interaction. Our teenage traits remain part of us as we move into adulthood. We now need instruction manuals for adulting! Teen Spirit challenges our assumptions about the boundaries between adolescence and adulthood. Yet despite a cultural system that seems to be built on the ethos of Generation Me, it's not all bad. In fact, there is an equally impressive rise in creativity, diversity, and tolerance within society: all traits stemming from core components of the adolescent character. Howe's bold and suggestive approach to analyzing the teen in all of us helps make sense of the impulsivity driving society and to think anew about civic re-engagement.},
  address = {Ithaca},
  author = {Howe, Paul},
  isbn = {9781501749834},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Teen Spirit. How Adolescence Transformed the Adult World},
  url = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501749827/teen-spirit/#bookTabs=1},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{comsa2021raportarea,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Comşa, Mircea},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  isbn = {978‐606‐37‐0987‐6},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {70-84},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS/WVS1993-2018 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Raportarea la politică și sistemele de guvernare},
  year = 2021
}

@article{jenssen2021populisme,
  abstract = {This article contributes to the literature by focusing on the conflict between elitism and populism, the measurement of the conflict and the role the conflict plays in public opinion. Surprisingly little attention has been paid to elitism. By limiting the perspective by focusing on a conflict between populism and non-populism, we tend to overlook that many non-populists are elitists. Cas Mudde’s definitions of populism and elitism serve as starting point. Based on data from the European Values Survey collected in Norway in the fall of 2018, we try to respond to these questions. The conflict between populism and elitism seems to be of secondary importance to most Norwegians. The average Norwegian can neither be described as a populist nor an elitist. Thin populism and elitism work as attitude-enhancers in relation to some but not all political issues.},
  author = {Jenssen, Anders Todal},
  doi = {10.18261/issn.1504-2936-2021-01-02},
  issn = {08011745},
  journal = {Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {26-49},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Populisme mot elitisme},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-2936-2021-01-02},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{wegscheider2021belongs,
  address = {Bielefeld},
  author = {Wegscheider, Carsten and Nezi, Roula},
  booktitle = {Democratic Citizenship in Flux. Conceptions of Citizenship in the Light of Political and Social Fragmentation},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.14361/9783839449493-009},
  editor = {Bayer, Markus and Schwarz, Oliver and Stark, Toralf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {173-192},
  publisher = {transcript},
  series = {Edition Politik},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Who belongs to ›the people‹? The societal boundaries of national and European notions of citizenship},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839449493-009},
  volume = 85,
  year = 2021
}

@article{jabkowski2020sampling,
  abstract = {This article addresses the comparability of sampling and fieldwork with an analysis of methodological data describing 1,537 national surveys from five major comparative cross-national survey projects in Europe carried out in the period from 1981 to 2017. We describe the variation in the quality of the survey documentation, and in the survey methodologies themselves, focusing on survey procedures with respect to: 1) sampling frames, 2) types of survey samples and sampling designs, 3) within-household selection of target persons in address-based samples, 4) fieldwork execution and 5) fieldwork outcome rates. Our results show substantial differences in sample designs and fieldwork procedures across survey projects, as well as changes within projects over time. This variation invites caution when selecting data for analysis. We conclude with recommendations regarding the use of information about the survey process to select existing survey data for comparative analyses.},
  abstractnote = {"This article addresses the comparability of sampling and fieldwork with an analysis of methodological data describing 1,537 national surveys from five major comparative cross-national survey projects in Europe carried out in the period from 1981 to 2017. We describe the variation in the quality of the survey documentation, and in the survey methodologies themselves, focusing on survey procedures with respect to: 1) sampling frames, 2) types of survey samples and sampling designs, 3) within-household selection of target persons in address-based samples, 4) fieldwork execution and 5) fieldwork outcome rates. Our results show substantial differences in sample designs and fieldwork procedures across survey projects, as well as changes within projects over time. This variation invites caution when selecting data for analysis. We conclude with recommendations regarding the use of information about the survey process to select existing survey data for comparative analyses."},
  author = {Jabkowski, Piotr and Kołczyńska, Marta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12847 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.12848},
  doi = {10.5964/meth.2795},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA6863 v1.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA3430 v1.0.0 ; ZA6770 v2.1.0},
  journal = {Methodology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {186-207},
  study-id = {EB87.3 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2015},
  title = {Sampling and Fieldwork Practices in Europe: Analysis of Methodological Documentation From 1,537 Surveys in Five Cross-National Projects, 1981-2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5964/meth.2795},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2020
}

@inproceedings{kelley2021crisis,
  abstract = {This paper depicts the trajectory of Americans' confidence in their police across five months before, during, and after the nation was riveted by Minnesota police murdering a Black civilian and the implications thereof for our civic community and our national commitment to equal protection. Data from the International Social Science Survey and the international WVS/EVS surveys show that Americans' confidence in their police is, on average, fairly typical of other advanced societies, coming 30th out of 110 nations worldwide. Within the US there was sharp political divergence. Democrats' confidence in the police plunged dramatically around the time of the killing, and then rebounded even more strongly later. But this was only among Democrats. Republicans' views were stable across the period. Regression analysis reveals that that this pattern holds controlling for social and demographic factors, including race. The patterns of change in confidence in the police were replicated for trust in the police. In addition, Blacks and Whites were equally confident in the police across most of the period, except that shortly after the murder Black's confidence plunged briefly and temporarily lower than their White peers'; the subsequent rebound in confidence was especially large among Blacks. Further multivariate analysis reveals that the degree of confidence people feel in the government as a whole is by far the largest determinant of how much confidence they feel in the police. Sociodemographic factors other than race play no clear role. Racial prejudice is irrelevant. In short, all this is mainly party politics.},
  author = {Kelley, Jonathan and Evans, MDR and Corday, Charlotte},
  booktitle = {Annual Conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, 12.05.2021},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.31235/osf.io/ydaru},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {SocArXiv},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Crisis, plunge, and recovery of public confidence ?in the police: Data from six national surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ydaru},
  year = 2021
}

@article{angin2021covid19,
  abstract = {The year 2020 will always be remembered with the imprints left by COVID-19 on our lives. While the pandemic has had many undesirable effects for the whole world, one of its biggest side effects has been the fast digital transformation that has taken place, which was already in progress with the Industry 4.0 era. The readily available technology and wireless communications infrastructures paved the way for a myriad of digital technologies for the containment of the disease using mobile contact tracing applications developed by health authority organizations in many countries. The mounting privacy concerns especially with Bluetooth-enabled proximity tracing and centralized tracking technologies used by these applications have given rise to the development of new privacy-preserving contact tracing protocols. Although these new protocols have alleviated the privacy concerns of citizens to a certain extent, widespread adoption is still far from being the reality. In this paper, we analyze existing contact tracing technologies from a human-centric standpoint by focusing on their privacy implications. We present our comprehensive dataset consisting of the contact tracing application usage information in 94 countries and provide results of a multinational survey we have conducted on the sentiments of people regarding contact tracing applications. The survey results demonstrate that privacy concerns are still the leading deterrent for people when deciding whether to use these applications. Nevertheless, it is a globally accepted argument that the most effective and fastest method for contact tracking will be digital technologies free from human errors and manual procedures. Accordingly, it is concluded that a policy of developing decentralized tracking solutions based entirely on user privacy should be followed, in which independent trusted third parties assume the role of authority in the system architecture, if absolutely necessary, in order to effectively combat the pandemic worldwide. An important feature of the systems to be developed to pave the way for widespread use is to provide the users the right to be forgotten.},
  author = {Angin, Merih and Angin, Pelin},
  doi = {10.31590/ejosat.837359},
  journal = {Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 23,
  pages = {861-867},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {COVID-19 Tracking Applications: A Human-Centric Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.837359},
  year = 2021
}

@article{sindingbentzen2021crisis,
  abstract = {In times of crisis, humans have a tendency to turn to religion for comfort and explanation. The COVID-19 pandemic is no exception. Using daily and weekly data on Google searches for 107 countries, this research demonstrates that the COVID-19 crisis resulted in a massive rise in the intensity of prayer. During the early months of the pandemic, Google searches for prayer relative to all Google searches rose by 30%, reaching the highest level ever recorded. A back-of-the-envelope calculation shows that by April 1, 2020, more than half of the world population had prayed to end the coronavirus. Prayer searches remained 10% higher than previously throughout 2020, particularly so in Europe and the Americas. Prayer searches rose more among the more religious, rose on all continents, at all levels of income, inequality, and insecurity, and for all types of religion, except Buddhism. The increase is not merely a substitute for services in the physical churches that closed down to limit the spread of the virus. Instead, the rise is due to an intensified demand for religion: People pray to cope with adversity. The results thus reveal that religiosity has risen globally due to the pandemic with potential direct long-term consequences for various socio-economic outcomes.},
  author = {Sinding Bentzen, Jeanet},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2021.10.014},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {541-583},
  title = {In crisis, we pray: Religiosity and the COVID-19 pandemic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.10.014},
  volume = 192,
  year = 2021
}

@inproceedings{rammer2021dynamics,
  abstract = {	It is important be familiar with values of target populations in order to envisage successful communication strategy in target groups. Work values are specific expressions of general values in the work setting, they refer to more specific goals and desired modes of behavior than general basic values, serving as guiding principles for evaluating work outcomes and settings, and for choosing among different work alternatives. Dynamics of some intrinsic and extrinsic work values in the period from 1999 to 2018 of three Baltic Sea region countries (Belarus, Russia, Estonia and Finland) will be analyzed},
  address = {Minsk},
  author = {Rämmer, Andu},
  booktitle = {Коммуникация в социально-гуманитарном знании, экономике, образовании : материалы V Междунар. науч.-практ. конф., Минск, 13–15 мая 2021 г.},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {53-56},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2018},
  title = {Dynamics of work values in 4 Baltic sea region countries (Динамика трудовых ценностей в четырех странах Балтийского региона)},
  url = {https://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/266332},
  year = 2021
}

@article{abbas2023working,
  abstract = {The intensification of behavioural requirements and punitive measures in unemployment benefits by UK governments has been popular and instrumental to the politics of welfare reform. Yet there is scant research into the politics of extending this approach to working households, known as ‘in-work conditionality’ (IWC), which was introduced in the UK under Universal Credit in 2012. Addressing this gap, we examine the preferences of political parties and voters towards IWC, using data from an online survey of 1,111 adults in 2017, party manifestos and parliamentary debates. While we find evidence of a partisan split between voters and politicians on the left (oppose IWC) and right (support IWC), intra-party divides and the relative infancy of IWC suggests the politics of IWC is not set in stone. This helps to explain the blame avoidance strategies of current and previous Conservative governments responsible for IWC.},
  author = {Abbas, Joan and Chrisp, Joe},
  doi = {10.1017/S1474746421000294},
  issn = {14747464},
  journal = {Social Policy and Society},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {31-52},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Working Hard or Hardly Working? Examining the Politics of In-Work Conditionality in the UK},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746421000294},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kim2023microfoundation,
  abstract = {Previous work on the politics of monetary policy has focused on the role of distributive motives stemming from individual characteristics such as income or factoral/sectoral interests in citizens' formation of monetary policy preferences. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to how a country's overall distributive context, namely, its level of economic inequality, affects citizens' preferences vis-à-vis price stability and employment. This article argues that as inequality pushes more citizens below a society's average income, there is more demand for redistribution through higher employment and increased fiscal spending, each of which can be better supported by expansionary monetary policy. This means that inequality makes citizens more tolerant of inflation. This study uses the International Social Survey Program, the Integrated Values Surveys, and the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, which together include 293,100 respondents from 53 countries between the years 1976 and 2016 to demonstrate that overall, inequality significantly moderates citizens' inflation aversion.},
  author = {Kim, Hyunwoo},
  doi = {10.1111/ecpo.12210},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {09541985},
  journal = {Economics & Politics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {65-96},
  study = {ISSP1985 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1996 ; Eurobarometer 1976 ; Eurobarometer 1997},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The microfoundation of macroeconomic populism: The effects of economic inequality on public inflation aversion},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12210},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{voicu2021religioas,
  address = {Cluj-Napoca},
  author = {Voicu, Mălina},
  booktitle = {Atlasul valorilor sociale. România la 100 de ani},
  editor = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Tufiș, Claudiu D.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5000},
  isbn = {9786063709876},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {130-134},
  publisher = {Presa Universitară Clujeană},
  study = {EVS/WVS1990 ; EVS2008 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2017},
  study-id = {EB73.1},
  title = {Cât de religioasă este România?},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{vintila2021migrants,
  abstract = {In recent years, the topic of migrants’ political participation has received increasing scholarly attention. However, past studies have generally focused on migrants’ engagement in institutionalised political activities linked to electoral politics, thus often neglecting the wider repertoire of alternative “acts of citizenship” through which migrants influence the political agenda in home or host countries, beyond electoral arenas. This chapter critically discusses the multifaceted phenomenon of migrants’ political participation by focusing on non-electoral, unconventional and extra-parliamentary participatory acts through which migrants give voice to societal concerns. We argue that despite significant scholarly contributions over the past decades, the literature on this topic still faces important gaps that should be prioritised in the research agenda of comparative migration studies.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Vintila, Daniela and Martiniello, Marco},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Citizenship and Migration},
  doi = {10.4337/9781789903133.00029},
  editor = {Giugni, Marco and Grasso, Maria},
  isbn = {9781789903126},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {303-316},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Migrants political participation beyond electoral arenas},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789903133.00029},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{hwa2020contrasting,
  abstract = {While Finland and Singapore both enjoy the global educational limelight due to their successful school systems, they differ considerably in their approaches to teacher accountability. Finland's light-touch teacher accountability system focuses on setting standards at the point of entry to the teaching profession, whereas Singapore uses a comprehensive, tiered and competitive performance management system that deploys promotions and performance bonuses to manage the processes and outputs of teacher practice in schools. In this chapter, I use interviews with 24 Finnish and Singaporean teachers to explore the differences between these distinct approaches to teacher accountability – and to account for their disparate but apparently successful pathways. I argue that these disparate approaches share an underlying principle: each model of teacher accountability is compatible with the macrosystem in which it is embedded. Thus, teachers regard the accountability instruments as legitimate, enabling the instruments to favourably influence teacher motivation and practice. Specifically, public trust in Finland's education system is distributed throughout each level of the system, with teachers enjoying high generalised trust. This is compatible with an accountability approach that gives teachers considerable autonomy over their daily work. In contrast, public trust in Singapore's education system is concentrated on the Ministry of Education. This institutionally focused trust supports – and is supported by – a teacher accountability system that gives the managers considerable influence over teacher practice.},
  address = {Abingdon},
  author = {Hwa, Yue-Yi},
  booktitle = {Trust, Accountability and Capacity in Education System Reform},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.4324/9780429344855-11},
  editor = {Ehren, Melanie and Baxter, Jacqueline},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9780429344855},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {222-251},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Contrasting Approaches, Comparable Efficacy? How macro-level trust influences teacher accountability in Finland and Singapore},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429344855-11},
  year = 2020
}

@article{buberennser2021religiosity,
  abstract = {Previous studies have consistently shown that religious persons both intend and have more children than their non-religious peers. However, it is yet unknown whether their higher number of children entirely reflects their higher intentions or whether religious persons also realise their intentions more often than non-religious individuals. By including different geographical regions—four countries from Western Europe and four countries from Central and Eastern Europe—this study focuses on short-term fertility intentions and their realisation over 3 years. Our study, which is mainly informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, compares three groups, based on two panel waves from the Generations and Gender Survey (2002–2013 and 2006–2016): Christians who regularly attend church services, nominal Christians, and non-affiliated persons. The results confirm that practising Christians generally intend and have more children than nominal Christians and non-affiliated persons. Effects are much stronger in Western than in Central and Eastern Europe. However, we find only weak significant differences in realising childbearing intentions by religiosity. This is in line with the theoretical assumption that obstacles to childbearing are already considered in the formation of fertility intentions.},
  author = {Buber-Ennser, Isabella and Berghammer, Caroline},
  doi = {10.1002/psp.2433},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/psp.2433},
  journal = {Population, Space and Place},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1-25},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religiosity and the realisation of fertility intentions: A comparative study of eight European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2433},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2021
}

@book{beraud2021catholicisme,
  abstract = {Ces dernières années, le catholicisme français a été secoué par une série de scandales : des violences sexuelles ont été exercées sur des enfants et des religieuses, avec le silence et parfois même la protection de la hiérarchie. Ces affaires affaiblissent une institution en voie de minorisation, d'un point de vue tant démographique que culturel et politique. Elles conduisent aussi à poser, de manière tout à fait inédite, la question de l'autorité : l'accès des hommes mariés, voire des femmes, à la prêtrise ; une place plus importante pour les laïcs ; une plus grande collégialité dans la prise de décision. Enfin, c'est le rapport de force interne au monde catholique qui se trouve bousculé. Alors que la mobilisation contre le mariage pour tous avait démontré le dynamisme du pôle conservateur, c'est l'autre pôle, plus réformiste, qui monte aujourd'hui au créneau.},
  address = {Montrouge},
  author = {Béraud, Céline},
  isbn = {978-2021462838},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {SEUIL},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Le Catholicisme français à l'épreuve des scandales sexuels},
  year = 2021
}

@article{argoud2021religiosity,
  abstract = {More and more countries are democratic, but at the same time, the number of people dissatisfied with it has constantly been increasing during the last two decades. Nevertheless, studying people’s “satisfaction with democracy” has been heavily debated in Comparative Politics. However, using this variable does make sense as it is possible to observe significant correlations between strong dissatisfaction with democracy and democratic backsliding globally. We argue in this paper that religiosity is a crucial factor to understand this phenomenon. Research has nonetheless come to contrasting views in this regard, showing that religion and religiosity can both lead to the adoption of democratic values and to undemocratic ones. This paper thus aims at understanding whether religiosity, especially focusing on Catholicism, favours or hampers satisfaction with democracy through a case study of three Mediterranean countries: Italy, Spain and Portugal. Religiosity has been divided into two parts here: the subjective importance of religion for an individual (1) and his/her church attendance (2). The results contribute to the literature in the field in a twofold manner. First, they help understand the strengths and limits of using “satisfaction with democracy” as a dependent variable. Indeed, they suggest that this variable should –virtually- always be used in conjunction with one of its specific modalities –such as support for an authoritarian leader- as another dependent variable. Second, they show that the subjective importance of religion is positively correlated with dissatisfaction with democracy in general, but not with supporting an authoritarian leader. Conversely, religious attendance is highly positively correlated with supporting an authoritarian leader. Thus, looking at these two components of religiosity leads to a more nuanced conclusion, which may also explain why researchers have come to very different results in the past, as these may depend on the facets of religiosity they have focused on.},
  author = {Argoud, Julien},
  issn = {21535760},
  journal = {Inquiries Journal},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1-10},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {How Religiosity Shapes Satisfaction with Democracy: A Mediterranean Case Study},
  url = {http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1919},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{radu2021emigration,
  abstract = {This chapter examines the relationship between emigration and social trust in the societies of origin. We combine both country-level and individual-level data on exposure to emigration and different forms of trust among residents of Eastern European and Central Asian sending countries. Our results provide tentative evidence that large emigration flows are potentially detrimental to trust formation.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Radu, Dragos and Skoglund, Ekaterina and Ma, Soomin},
  booktitle = {Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being: Insights from Cross-Cultural Studies},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-75813-4_3},
  editor = {Almakaeva, Anna and Moreno, Alejandro and Wilkes, Rima},
  isbn = {978-3-030-75813-4},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {45-76},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study = {EVS1981-2014},
  title = {Emigration and Trust: Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75813-4_3},
  year = 2021
}

@article{fabrykant2020dynamics,
  abstract = {This article is dedicated to examining the changes in the political attitudes related to national populism in the European public opinion. The research hypothesis is that the “revival of nationalism” over the last years is due to the rise not in nationalist attitudes as such but in the strength of their intercorrelations with the political attitudes national populism is frequently attributed to – the growing disappointment with democratic ideal, its country-specific implementations, a country’s political system, and the government. The hypothesis is tested by means of a quantitative comparative analysis of the data of the two most recent waves of the European Values Study collected in 2008 and in 2017. The results show the relevance of these correlations by revealing the countries with national populist governments, contrary to other post-Socialist countries, to showcase increased positive correlations between national pride and satisfaction with a country’s political system and confidence in government. These findings support the notion that in Europe, national populism is largely due to the East-West divide not in ideals and aspirations, but in the relative success in their fulfillment.},
  author = {Fabrykant, Marharyta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1582-4551},
  journal = {Studia Politica},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {157-202},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Dynamics of Attitudinal Dimensions of National Populism in Europe, 2008-2017},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-69924-8},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2020
}

@article{schilpzand2021ethic,
  abstract = {This paper argues that the capitalist spirit associated with Max Weber’s Protestant Ethics is not associated with Protestantism but with the modernization phase of economic development. A preference for hard work is also found amongst other religions and non-religious people at times of high economic growth and decreases after the modernization phase. We find a robust relationship between the level and growth of economic development during an individual’s childhood and this individual’s work ethic. An epidemiological approach is applied to indicate that the direction of the relationship runs from growth and the level of economic development at the time values are formed, to work ethic. Protestant adherence has a positive relation with work ethic, but this relation is less robust than economic development.},
  author = {Schilpzand, Annemiek and de Jong, Eelke},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101958},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0176-2680},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Work ethic and economic development: An investigation into Weber’s thesis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101958},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2021
}

@article{pavlovic2020poverenje,
  abstract = {The context of a pandemic caused by an infectious agent and the resulting health risk to a large number of people is a new type of risk contemporary humans are not quite familiar with. In addition to forcing citizens to rely on the effects of controlled medical and epidemiological measures, this kind of situation steers citizens towards cooperation and solidarity as well as towards personal capabilities of functioning during a crisis and it requires a certain degree of trust, not only in the institutions but also in other persons. The aim of this paper is to learn to what degree Serbian citizens trust others during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether this level of generalized trust differs among different sociodemographic groups, or more precisely, which groups were affected the most by the absence of generalized trust. The paper also analyzes a set of variables which are either a part of the concept of subjective well-being (feeling of happiness and life satisfaction) or are closely connected to it (the feeling of control over life, subjective health assessment, and assessments of solidarity and honesty of others). The analyzed data were obtained from a sample of 602 adult Serbian citizens who participated in an online survey in May 2020 by completing a questionnaire they received via e-mail and social networks from multiple access points. These data are compared to the newest available data on the given indicators in Serbia before the pandemic, collected within the European Values Study (EVS) in 2017 and the European Social Survey (ESS) in 2018. The results indicate a significant decrease in happiness and continuously low levels of the feeling of control over life and life satisfaction, but also an increase in the assessed honesty and solidarity of others. These findings are in accordance with the results of the previous studies, which revealed different dominant aspects in the analyzed concepts, leading to their different flexibility and (non)resilience to the changes in society.},
  author = {Pavlović, Nina M. and Petrović, Jasmina S.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.5937/socpreg54-27816},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Sociološki pregled},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {560-582},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Poverenje i subjektivna dobrobit u Srbiji za vreme pandemije - rezultati istraživanja (Trust and subjective well-being in Serbia during the pandemic: Research results)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg54-27816},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2020
}

@article{maslyk2021uoglnione,
  abstract = {The aim of the article is to verify the assumption that there is a relationship between institutional trust and generalized trust in European countries. Two dimensions of institutional trust were analyzed: trust in representative institutions and trust in implementing institutions. The first dimension included the assessment of trust in such entities as political parties, parliament, and government. The second dimension included the assessment of trust in the education system, police, civil service, social security system, health care system, and judicial system. The hierarchical linear modeling has been applied to analyze the data from the European Values Study (EVS) survey 2017. This method allowed to include both individual-level variables and country indicators in the statistical models. The obtained results confirmed the existence of a positive relationship between institutional trust (in both forms) and generalized trust.},
  author = {Masłyk, Tomasz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.24425/sts.2021.138473},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Studia Socjologiczne},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {5-36},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Uogólnione zaufanie i jego instytucjonalne korelaty. Kontekst europejski (Generalized Trust and Its Institutional Correlates. The European Context)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.24425/sts.2021.138473},
  year = 2021
}

@article{franc2020politiko,
  10.4232/1.13090 = {data-doi:},
  abstract = {Starting from a two-dimensional understanding of trust in political institutions, the paper examines trust in the government and representative institutions and trust in executive institutions as predictors of voting and protest participation, as well as the possible mediating role of satisfaction with the functioning of the political system. The paper is based on the Croatian data from the fifth wave of the European Values Study (EVS, 2017). Individual associations between the two forms of trust and the two types of participation indicate that greater trust in government and representative institutions is associated with more frequent voting and a lower propensity for protest participation. In contrast, trust in executive institutions is only associated with a lower propensity for protest participation. At the same time, both forms of political trust are strongly interconnected and accompanied with greater satisfaction with the functioning of the political system, which is weakly positively associated with voting and negatively associated with the propensity for protest participation. The multivariate analysis confirmed only the trust in government and representative institutions as a unique positive predictor of voting. The results are discussed in view of the high association between the two forms of political trust in the Croatian context, and the findings to date regarding the determinants of voting and protest participation as two forms of political participation.},
  author = {Franc, Renata and Maglić, Marina and Sučić, Ines},
  doi = {10.5613/rzs.50.3.3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Croatian Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {381-406},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Političko (ne)povjerenje kao odrednica sklonosti glasanju na izborima i sklonosti prosvjednom sudjelovanju (Political (Dis)Trust as a Determinant of Voting and Protest Participation)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5613/rzs.50.3.3},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{euchner2021solving,
  abstract = {The EU’s “democratic deficit” is increasingly understood as a “value deficit”. Brexit, the rise of anti-EU parties and the economic crisis in 2008 have triggered debates about common values susceptible to hold citizens and member states together. Despite the close association between the economic crisis of the EU and the debate on its value deficit, comparably few scholars investigated the link between economic well-being and attitudes towards morality issues. We contribute to closing this research gap by analysing the relationship between economic factors and attitudes towards homosexuality (1980 to 2018). We uncover that economic well-being at the individual level exerts a positive effect throughout all countries, while macroeconomic prosperity is particularly relevant in member states with intermediate levels of net income, aligning with Norris and Inglehart’s (2019) work. Accordingly, we conclude that economic and value-based integration are not two competing processes but instead are mutually beneficial. When aiming to solve the EU’s “value deficit”, reducing economic insecurity and economic inequalities could prove very helpful in fostering the notion of gender equality and measures alike.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Euchner, Eva-Maria and Fábián Bakay, Barnabás},
  booktitle = {Value Politics in the European Union: From Market to Culture and Back},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003153863},
  editor = {Foret, François and Vargovčíková, Jana},
  isbn = {9781000398694},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {115-132},
  publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
  series = {Routledge Studies on Government and the European Union},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Solving Europe’s value deficit via economic well-being? The complex relationship between economic well-being and attitudes towards morality issues},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003153863},
  year = 2021
}

@book{bjornskov2021happiness,
  abstract = {Denmark is consistently among the countries with the happiest and most satisfied populations, and it regularly places at the very top with the rest of the Nordic countries in international surveys. Why do the Nordic countries as a whole constitute the happiest region in the world? Many experts attribute the region's high levels of happiness to factors such as greater relative national wealth and well-functioning institutions. Yet, a number of other countries in Europe and parts of Asia share those qualities and rank far lower in life satisfaction. Others credit the region's high levels of happiness to its welfare state model, but these have changed considerably over time--and Iceland does not share this feature. Instead, economist Christian Bjørnskov argues that the most important factor to come out of international comparisons is the importance of social trust--the ability to trust other people one does not know personally. The populations in three of the five countries are also characterized by a very strong sense of personal freedom. These two key factors contribute to a fuller and richer life. Bjørnskov ends by discussing to what extent these factors can be exported to other parts of the world.},
  address = {Aarhus},
  author = {Bjørnskov, Christian},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Aarhus University Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Happiness in the Nordic World},
  year = 2021
}

@article{tuzov2022striving,
  abstract = {The formation of political systems in the post-Soviet region remains a relevant topic even thirty years after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Due to social, economic, and cultural factors, the political regimes continue to move from the general communist in the past towards different political futures dominated by either authoritarian or democratic frames. This study aims to investigate the patterns of political culture and participation, focusing on the binary categorization of political regimes prevalent across post-Soviet countries and the application of media trust and the freedom index to outline the patterns of political participation. It focuses on eight post-Soviet countries, four authoritarian and four hybrid political regimes, using WVS/EVS 2017-2020 survey data. The findings specify the importance of media trust in the formation of political participation habits across countries with unconsolidated democracy. It shows that the levels of media trust exert diverging impacts depending on the type of political participation. The freedom index has also been integrated as a moderator due to the importance of freedom for the media to mobilize society. The moderation analysis revealed the distinctive patterns of political participation in countries with lower and higher levels of freedom.},
  author = {Tuzov, Viktor and Masood, Muhammad},
  doi = {10.1080/23745118.2022.2135341},
  issn = {23745118},
  journal = {European Politics and Society},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {34-53},
  study = {WVS/EVS 2017-2020},
  title = {Striving towards democracy? Political participation in post-Soviet countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2022.2135341},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2024
}

@article{henn2022young,
  abstract = {Many of today?s young people are politically engaged and increasingly supportive of progressive political causes. This is most evident in the youth leadership of the Green wave of environmental activism that gathered momentum in 2019. However, we know surprisingly little about the values that drive this mobilisation. In this article, we investigate the link between environmental activism and the emergence of ?young cosmopolitans? as a political force. Using data from the 2017 European Values Study, we analyse the views of 1,546 18-25-year-olds across ten established European democracies. We find that postmaterialist values, cosmopolitan attitudes and engagement in environmental politics are closely connected; young cosmopolitans are very civically and politically active; and, young environmental activists are particularly likely to be female with high educational attainment levels. Conversely, a significant minority of European youth (disproportionately male with lower educational attainment) are more materialist and nationalist. In the discussion, we explore the role of education and the need to re-think the climate emergency locally ? connecting threats to the environment to challenges young people face in their everyday lives. We also explain how the persistence of postmaterialist values amongst younger generations through the Great Recession, suggests that the Green wave will continue post COVID-19.},
  author = {Henn, Matt and Sloam, James and Nunes, Ana},
  doi = {10.1080/13676261.2021.1994131},
  issn = {13676261},
  journal = {Journal of Youth Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {709-729 },
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Young cosmopolitans and environmental politics: how postmaterialist values inform and shape youth engagement in environmental politics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2021.1994131},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2022
}

@article{roberts2019changing,
  abstract = {While the acceptance of homosexuality has risen across many Western countries, we know little about whether or why attitudes have changed in the rest of the world. Here I investigate these questions while also testing the relative utility of three theories of what drives worldwide attitudinal change: (1) the postmaterialist thesis, which casts existential security as a main determinant; (2) world society theory, which emphasizes the influence of a diffusing global culture; and (3) multiple modernities theory, which points to the effect of region-specific cultural programs. Drawing on data from the integrated World Values Survey/European Values Survey (1981–2012), I use a longitudinal multilevel design to model worldwide change in the societal acceptance of homosexuality. In line with world society theory, the results show a broad worldwide upswing in the acceptance of homosexuality, driven largely by the diffusion of favorable global cultural messages. The results provide strong evidence that global culture has shaped collective attitudes globally, although the impact here is found to be less in more religious societies. At the same time, the analysis finds a widening attitudinal gap between countries, and, consistent with multiple modernities theory, suggests this is due in part to the role of region-specific cultural programs. Contrary to the postmaterialist thesis, existential security is not found to have influenced attitudes.},
  author = {Roberts, Louisa L.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.12.003},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0049-089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {114-131},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Changing worldwide attitudes toward homosexuality: The influence of global and region-specific cultures, 1981–2012},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.12.003},
  volume = 80,
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{vandeneeden2020laterlife,
  abstract = {In ten European countries prevalence of later life depression has been studied using Prince’s EURO-D meta-assessment scale. It is well-known that women tend to be more depressive than men, and that depression increases with age. Since there are differences in the size of the effects of age and gender between the countries, a multilevel methodology is appropriate. An attempt was made to explain those differences by referring to the national culture, especially regarding the national religious climate and Hofstede’s classification of values. The countries involved were: Belgium, England, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden. The 16,692 respondents were elderly persons of 64 years and over. Religious climate was assessed using data of the European Value Survey, and national climate by Hofstede’s classification. It turns out that the gender-depression relationship tends to be more susceptible for mitigating effects of the national religious climate, and that age-depression relationship tend to be more susceptible for their provoking effects. The mean depression score depends differently on different aspects of religious climate. Any effect of Hofstede’s classification could not be detected.},
  address = {Lisse},
  author = {van den Eeden, Pieter and Braam, Arjan W.},
  booktitle = {Merging Past, Present, and Future in Cross-Cultural Psychology. Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  doi = {10.1201/9781003077473-42},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {336-347},
  publisher = {Swets & Zeitlinger},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Later-Life Depression in Ten European Countries: A Study Using the Multilevel Approach},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077473-42},
  year = 2020
}

@book{regalia2021democrazia,
  abstract = {Comprendere con quali strumenti e con quali risultati si persegue e consegue la parità di genere nelle istituzioni rappresentative è un argomento politicamente, economicamente, socialmente e culturalmente rilevante. La rappresentanza descrittiva delle donne è frutto di cause culturali, socioeconomiche e politiche che operano rinforzandosi o indebolendosi vicendevolmente. Cosa può fare il legislatore per incrementare il numero di donne in Parlamento? Poiché anche condizioni culturali e socioeconomiche sfavorevoli possono essere in gran parte superate da disposizioni normative studiate per favorire la candidatura e l'elezione delle donne, questo libro approfondisce, utilizzando il caso italiano, i meccanismi causali che sottostanno alla relazione tra sistemi elettorali e rappresentanza di genere con lo scopo non secondario di fornire al legislatore uno strumento per prendere decisioni consapevoli in vista di una rappresentanza più equa, giusta e legittima. Il libro individua i principali ostacoli alla rappresentanza di genere nell'autoselezione e nel gatekeeping partitico e suggerisce di agire sulla selezione delle candidature incentivando la partecipazione femminile attraverso procedure inclusive.},
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Regalia, Marta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {EGEA},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Una democrazia dimezzata. Autoselezione, selezione ed elezione delle donne in Italia},
  url = {/brokenurl#bFUCSFx2UtzU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false},
  year = 2021
}

@article{arifin2021pengaruh,
  abstract = {Hubungan antara tingkat religiusitas dan perilaku pro-sosial masih banyak terjadi kontroversi. Sebagian penelitian menyatakan tidak ada pengaruh antara religiusitas seseorang terhadap perilaku prososial, sebagian lainnya menunjukkan hubungan erat antara keduanya. Tidak seperti kebanyakan penelitian menggunakan yang indikator-indikator altruisme, penelitian ini menggunakan indikator sikap anti-free riding sebagai proksi perilaku pro-sosial dan memasukkan unsur kesejahteraan ekonomi seseorang sebagai faktor yang memperkuat atau memperlemah pengaruh variabel utamanya (Moderation effect). Penelitian ini menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) pada data World Values Survey gelombang 7 di Indonesia untuk mengetahui hubungan antara religiusitas seseorang dan sikap anti-free riding serta efek moderasi dari kesejahteraan ekonomi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi religiusitas seseorang maka cenderung anti-free riding, namun pengaruhnya akan menguat jika kesejahteraan ekonomi meningkat.},
  author = {Arifin, Salahuddin},
  doi = {10.32528/at.v2i2.4100},
  issn = {2715-369X},
  journal = {Salahuddin, Istikomah, Pengaruh Relegiusitas},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {47-57},
  study = {WVS/EVS Joint 2017},
  title = {Pengaruh Religiusitas Terhadap Sikap Anti-Free Riding Yang Dimoderasi Oleh Kesejahteraan Ekonomi},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32528/at.v2i2.4100},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2021
}

@article{akaliyski2020clashing,
  abstract = {Soon after the collapse of Soviet-type communism in Central and Eastern Europe, a new geopolitical division began to reshape the continent. Our study demonstrates that this newly emerging geopolitical divide has been underpinned by a corresponding cultural divergence, of which “emancipative values” are the most powerful marker. Using the European Values Study/World Values Survey 1990 to 2014, we find that the former Iron Curtain no longer constitutes a cultural boundary because the ex-communist states that joined the European Union have been converging with the West’s strong emphasis on emancipative values. Instead, a new and steeply growing cultural gap has emerged between the European Union and its Eastern neighbors. The two competing geopolitical formations in the West and East—the European and Eurasian Unions, respectively—have diverged culturally in recent decades. The divergence goes back to contrasting supranational identities that originate in different religious traditions, which rulers have increasingly accentuated to strengthen their nations’ endorsement or dismissal of emancipative values. Through this sorting-out process, emancipative values became an increasingly significant marker of a Western-vs-Eastern cultural identity. Our study is the first to link this groundbreaking cultural transformation to civilizational identities and geopolitical rivalry. },
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen and Welzel, Christian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1177/0022022120956716},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 9,
  pages = {740-762},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Clashing Values: Supranational Identities, Geopolitical Rivalry and Europe’s Growing Cultural Divide},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022120956716},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2020
}

@article{strenze2021value,
  abstract = {Numerous studies have investigated the changing values in the Western countries. Some studies have found people?s values to be changing towards materialism, others have found that post-materialism is on the rise. The present study demonstrates that different types of values have been changing in different directions in Western Europe and the USA since the 1970s. Political values have become more post-materialistic and work values have become more materialistic. The paper then discusses the possible reasons for such conflicting value trends and makes some predictions about the future direction of these trends.},
  author = {Strenze, Tarmo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/03906701.2021.1996761},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {03906701},
  journal = {International Review of Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {536-553},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Value change in the Western world: the rise of materialism, post-materialism or both?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2021.1996761},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2021
}

@article{bausch2019social,
  abstract = {Fiscal policy in developing countries follows predominantly the business cycle. By aggravating economic contractions, procyclicality has adverse effects on the prospects for countries and their international trading partners. Recent work identified as a leading cause for procyclicality institutional shortcomings. This paper sets out to examine whether fiscal cyclicality is determined by social capital, which in many ways shapes and constrains the institutional environment. The study confirms a causal and robust negative relationship between social capital and procyclicality, whereby the results indicate that this relationship partially runs through the adoption of fiscal rules and the extent of corruption.},
  author = {Bausch, Roman Dennis},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1504/IJTGM.2019.101545},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Trade and Global Markets},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {250-259},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Social capital and the cyclicality of government expenditure},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTGM.2019.101545},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2019
}

@article{guimaraes2020brasileira,
  abstract = {Ao longo da vida os indivíduos se envolvem num processo permanente de (re)construir laços (familiares, comunitários, profissionais, de cidadania) que lhes assegurem a proteção frente a riscos e o reconhecimento de sua própria existência e identidade. Embora, em cada sociedade, as várias modalidades de laço se façam presentes, há sempre um tipo preeminente, cujos valores e princípios influem sobre os demais, regulando-os e assentando as bases para uma economia moral particular, para um “regime de vinculação”. Neste artigo trataremos o tema a partir do caso brasileiro. Usaremos a comparação para identificar suas singularidades. Inicialmente compararemos os dados para o Brasil com aqueles produzidos em estudo anterior sobre uma amostra de dezesseis países europeus. Em seguida, analisaremos suas heterogeneidades internas, observando mudanças no tempo e entre regiões do país.},
  author = {Guimarães, Nadya Araújo and Paugam, Serge and Prates, Ian},
  doi = {10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2020.174291},
  journal = {Tempo Social},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {265-301},
  study = {ISSP2014 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Laços à brasileira: desigualdades e vínculos sociais},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2020.174291},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2020
}

@article{pless2021religious,
  abstract = {Studies on cultural divisions in Western European politics typically combine two different value divides. The first divide is moral traditionalism versus progressiveness, which pits the religious and the secular against each other on matters of procreation, family and gender roles. The second one is authoritarianism versus libertarianism, which captures the opposition between the high- and low-educated about basically secular attitudes towards matters of immigration, law and order. Since the first divide is religiously inspired and the second one is basically secular, this paper systematically distinguishes between them and studies whether secularization in Western Europe affects them differently. We perform multilevel regression analysis using the European Values Study data (four waves, 1981-2008) for seventeen estern European countries. Our findings show that the divide between the religious and the secular about moral issues declines with secularization, while the divide between the highand low-educated about secular issues, on the opposite, becomes wider.},
  author = {Pless, Anna and Tromp, Paul and Houtman, Dick},
  doi = {10.1177%2F0192512121995126},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {178–194},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religious and Secular Value Divides in Western Europe: A Cross-National Comparison (1981-2008)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0192512121995126},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2023
}

@article{frear2021better,
  abstract = {This essay analyses the political discourses employed by both the Belarusian authorities and the opposition with regard to homophobia and the LGBT community. It explores the anti-LGBT rhetoric and political homophobia that has been identified in the literature on Russian and Ukrainian politics as a baseline for examining neighbouring Belarus. It identifies which homophobic discourses are present in Belarus and how political homophobia is wielded by different actors on the domestic political scene. },
  author = {Frear, Matthew},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10175},
  doi = {10.1080/09668136.2021.1970721},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4782 v1.1.0},
  journal = {Europe-Asia Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1467-1486},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {‘Better to be a Dictator than Gay’: Homophobic Discourses in Belarusian Politics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2021.1970721},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2021
}

@article{eriksson2021commonismoral,
  abstract = {Questionable behaviours that are perceived as more common also tend to be judged as more morally justified. Here we explore this phenomenon in survey data from 31 countries in the European Values Study, allowing us to examine the universality of the common-is-moral association. More than 35,000 participants rated eight questionable behaviours (e.g., cheating on taxes, having casual sex) on how frequent they are and how justified they are. We estimated common-is-moral associations both across individuals for each behaviour and across behaviours within each individual; in both cases, the association tended to be positive. We further examined the hypothesis that the common-is-moral association would be stronger among less religious people, who are less likely to adopt their moral judgements from religious authorities and therefore should be more susceptible to the heuristic of using the perceived commonness of a behaviour as a guide to how it should be morally judged. Indeed, we found the common-is-moral association to be somewhat stronger among less religious people, whether the association was estimated across individuals or within individuals. We discuss alternative explanations, implications and directions for future research.},
  author = {Eriksson, Kimmo and Vartanova, Irina and Ornstein, Petra and Strimling, Pontus},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.1057/s41599-021-00791-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  issn = {26629992},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-8},
  refid = {Eriksson2021},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {The common-is-moral association is stronger among less religious people},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00791-0},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2021
}

@article{brzozowska2021attitudinal,
  abstract = {Background: The second demographic transition (SDT), which links ideational changes with demographic developments, is one of the most prominent and debated theoretical frameworks in family demography. Yet, its operationalisations as composite sets of measures remain unevaluated. Objective: We evaluate two most frequently used SDT indices: attitudinal and behavioural. We assess how strongly they have been linked to each other in the last three decades in Europe and test their consistency over time. Methods: Using four waves of the European Values Study and publicly available demographic indicators for 23 European countries, we reconstruct, update, and evaluate the SDT indices. The attitudinal index measures postmaterialism, gender-egalitarianism, and religiosity. The behavioural index includes indicators of postponement, nonmarital childbearing, marriage, and divorce. Results: The correlation between the attitudinal and behavioural indices is positive, but its strength varies substantially over time. The indices’ strongest correlates are indicators of postponement (demographic index) along with gender-egalitarian views and the importance of leisure (attitudinal index). Marriage and divorce rates together with attitudes towards the institution of marriage are least consistent with the indices. Conclusions: Both indices are inconsistent internally and temporally. Some of the included indicators do not fit the SDT assumptions of stage-like one-directional development. Consequently, conclusions about the SDT based on cross-national data for a single year may be misleading. Contribution: We show that the ideational and demographic changes posited by the SDT should not be treated as a package. Their operationalisation should take into account their multidimensionality. To facilitate future research, we provide the ready-to-use indicator and index values used in the analysis.},
  author = {Brzozowska, Zuzanna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2021.44.46},
  eprint = {https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol44/46/44-46.pdf},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 46,
  pages = {1115-1132},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudinal and behavioural indices of the second demographic transition: Evidence from the last three decades in Europe},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2021.44.46},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2021
}

@article{rostgaard2021different,
  abstract = {The prevailing gender ideologies in the Nordic countries generally support the equal division of work and family life between men and women, including the equal sharing of parental leave. Regardless, as the exceptional case in the Nordic region, Denmark currently has no father’s quota, and this despite the strong impact such policy has effectively proven to have on gender equality in take-up of parental leave. While a quota intended for the father is instead implemented in Denmark via collective agreements, this is mainly available for fathers in more secure labour market positions. This situates Danish fathers, mothers and their children very unequally regarding parental leave entitlements, and the existing inequalities continue across gender, social class and labour market positions. This article explores to what extent institutional variables vis-à-vis cultural explanations such as gender attitudes provide an understanding of why Danish fathers take less parental leave than other Nordic fathers. We use data from the European Values Study (1990‒2017) as well as administrative data for fathers’ parental leave take-up in the same period, relative to the other Nordics and for specific education backgrounds. We conclude that Danish men and women are even more supportive of gender equality in terms of work‒family life sharing compared to other Nordic countries. This indicates that institutional conditions such as parental leave entitlement matter for leave take-up, but in the Danish case attitudes do less so. Not having a father’s quota seems to affect fathers disproportionally across the education divide, and the lower parental leave take-up among Danish men with little education is primarily ascribed to their labour market insecurity. The policy implication is clear: If we want mothers and fathers with different social backgrounds to share parental leave more equally, the policy must change—not attitudes.},
  author = {Rostgaard, Tine and Ejrnæs, Anders},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511 ; 10.4232/1.5174},
  doi = {10.17645/si.v9i2.3870},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0 ; ZA5174 v1.0.0},
  issn = {2183-2803},
  journal = {Social Inclusion},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {313-324},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS1981–2008},
  title = {How Different Parental Leave Schemes Create Different Take-Up Patterns: Denmark in Nordic Comparison},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i2.3870},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2021
}

@article{czegledi2022confidence,
  abstract = {In an attempt to contribute to the literature on how and why confidence in market participants and in the government shape the demand for market regulation, this paper contrasts two interpretations. The interpretation implicit in the empirical literature supposes that people trade off market failures for government failures. The paper argues that implicit in the broader public choice literature there is an alternative that emphasizes the nirvana fallacy and leads to the conclusion that people’s views on markets and government in general is a determinant of the effect of trust on the demand for regulation. The paper applies a meta-regression analysis to examine the results of country-level regressions with different survey waves of the Integrated Values Surveys. It shows that the effect of the two kinds of trust are asymmetric and that the negative effect of the confidence in companies on the demand for government regulation is larger in countries that score higher on individualism.},
  author = {Czeglédi, Pál},
  doi = {10.1007/s11127-022-01013-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {15737101},
  journal = {Public Choice},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {211-231},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Why does the confidence in companies, but not the confidence in the government, affect the demand for regulation differently across countries?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-022-01013-0},
  volume = 193,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{boglarka2020llammal,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Boglárka, Herke and Márton, Medgyesi},
  booktitle = {Társadalmi Riport 2020},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  editor = {Tamás, Kolosi and Iván, Szelényi and György, Tóth István},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {1216-6561},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {478-499},
  study = {ISSP2006 ; ISSP2016},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Jóléti állammal kapcsolatos vélemények Magyarországon és az Európai Unióban},
  url = {https://www.tarki.hu/sites/default/files/2020-10/478_499_Herke_Medgyesi_web.pdf},
  year = 2020
}

@article{nahkur2021times,
  abstract = {Are we moving towards a gentler world, and if so, how fast are we moving? Using data for 25 countries from 1991 to 2012, a positive trend is observed in four indicators—Welzel’s Emancipative Values Index and Gender Equality sub-index, Locus of Control and Nahkur’s Societal Index of Interpersonal Destructiveness (SIID). Applying the simple logistic growth pattern over time, from a floor of 0 to a ceiling of 1, it is apparent that gender equality scores and locus of control are past their fastest growth phase (middle part of the stretched-out S-curve). Emancipative Values Index is in its fastest growth phase, but as its S curve is much more stretched out, so its increase is slow. Normalized SIID is already in its late growth phase, close to the ceiling at 1; thus its further increase is bound to be quite slow. We also looked at the lead and lag times of individual countries compared to world average. This is more informative than saying “Country A is below the world average by x units”. The average lag time was by far the largest for Russia, Ukraine and Moldova (56–42 years). The average lead time was by far the largest for Sweden and Norway (116 and 42 years). Central East Europe was the only region where index values rose rather steadily. Post-2012 increase rate is bound to be slower, feeding frustration.},
  author = {Nahkur, Oliver and Taagepera, Rein},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-020-02540-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {999-1030},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Lead and Lag Times of Countries in a Gentler World},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02540-3},
  volume = 154,
  year = 2021
}

@article{wallmanlundasen2022religious,
  abstract = {The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential link between religious participation and civic engagement in Sweden. Religious participation probably plays a different role in a secular context compared to a context where religion and politics are more intertwined. First, do those who regularly attend religious services in Sweden volunteer and participate in charitable giving more often compared with those who do not? Second, are those who regularly attend religious services more, or less, politically active between elections compared with those who do not in Sweden? Third, do those who regularly attend religious services in Sweden receive more requests to volunteer than those who do not? The study uses survey data on volunteering from random samples of individuals in Sweden. Results showed that volunteering was limited to a restricted group of organizations. There is a higher propensity among those who regularly attend religious services to volunteer within political parties. Those who frequently attend church were significantly more often requested to volunteer by someone else.},
  author = {Wallman Lundåsen, Susanne},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s11266-021-00353-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {15737888},
  journal = {VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {627–640},
  refid = {Wallman Lundåsen2021},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religious Participation and Civic Engagement in a Secular Context: Evidence from Sweden on the Correlates of Attending Religious Services},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-021-00353-7},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{hoffmannlange2022macro,
  abstract = {This chapter introduces the following empirical part of the volume of paired and triple comparisons of contrasting cases of democracies set in various regional contexts, as well as two polar cases. A brief literature encompasses the period from the high hopes at the onset of the ‘Third Wave’ to the gradual erosion, stagnation or breakdown of some democracies and causes thereof. This chapter follows a mixed research design taking account of both the broader global developments and the more detailed regional and case-based ones. Macro-level analyses draw on the most recent Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) data set, the Human Development Index (HDI) and World Bank Governance indicators, and similar sources. Micro-level attitudes and perceptions are assessed using data from the World Values Surveys (WVS) and the ‘European Values Study’ (EVS) for all countries where at least two waves of surveys have been conducted during the last two decades.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Hoffmann-Lange, Ursula and Berg-Schlosser, Dirk},
  booktitle = {Democracy under Pressure: Resilience or Retreat?},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-09123-0_5},
  editor = {Beek, Ursula van},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9783031091230},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {89-140},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Macro- And Micro-Level Analyses},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09123-0_5},
  year = 2022
}

@article{cohen2021preferences,
  abstract = {This paper presents the results of a choice experiment for investments in community renewable energy (CRE) projects administered across 31 European nations. In the sample of 18,037 respondents, a high level of interest in the CRE investments is observed, with 79% of respondents choosing to invest in at least one of the eight investment scenarios shown to them. Along with financial concerns, operational and siting aspects of the investment options are highly relevant to potential investors. Specifically, investments that are administered as an energy cooperative and run by a community organization are preferred to investments administered by utility companies. Heterogeneity across Europe is present in the preference for the installation to be visible from an investor's home, and thereby potentially affect the viewshed but also allow for a perception of self-sufficiency. The results suggest that energy policies hoping to increase the uptake of the CRE model across Europe would do well to focus on supporting local organizations to administer such projects, and to highlight any positive local economic impacts from renewable generation projects to potential investors.},
  author = {Cohen, Jed J. and Azarova, Valeriya and Kollmann, Andrea and Reichl, Johannes},
  doi = {10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105386},
  issn = {0140-9883},
  journal = {Energy Economics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-14},
  study = {EVS2017 ; EU-SILC},
  title = {Preferences for community renewable energy investments in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105386},
  volume = 100,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{halman2021solidarity,
  address = {Leuven},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Sieben, Inge},
  booktitle = {Leading social policy analysis from the front. Essays in honour of Wim van Oorschot},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  editor = {Laenen, Tijs and Meuleman, Bart and Otto, Adeline and Roosma, Femke and Lancker, Wim Van},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  institution = {KU Leuven},
  isbn = {9789067842280},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {363-377},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {On solidarity in Europe: Evidence from the 2017 European Values Study},
  url = {https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/on-solidarity-in-europe-evidence-from-the-2017-european-values-st},
  year = 2021
}

@article{vaclavik2020intelektul,
  abstract = {The article deals with resonance, development, and changes in various forms of atheism in the works of Czech, especially Marxist, intellectuals in the second half of the 20th century. Attention is also paid to their influence on public opinion, especially in connection with a rise in negative attitude of a large part of the Czech public towards religion. The study is based primarily on historical and discursive analyses of the works of principal authors from the 1950s to 1989. Among the authors discussed are important figures such as Ivan Sviták, Milan Machovec, and Vítězslav Gardavský.},
  author = {Václavík, David},
  doi = {10.11649/sm.2198},
  journal = {Slavia Meridionalis},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2198,
  pages = {1-25},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Role intelektuálů v procesu „ateizace“ české společnosti v druhé polovině 20.století a její transformace (The (Transforming) Role of Intellectuals in the Process of the “Atheization” of Czech Society in the 2nd Half of 20th Century)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11649/sm.2198},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{minkenberg2021populist,
  abstract = {This chapter wants to take a closer look at the relationship between the electoral mobilization of radical right parties and the ethnocultural changes in Europe over the last 40 years. The radical right is conceptualised in a modernization-theoretical perspective as a reaction to rapid social and cultural developments by offering political philosophies that promise a simpler, better society: a romanticised version of the nation before the last wave of modernization or of earlier ages. In this context, immigrants and minorities, which diverge from the romantic vision of the nation and their allies in the majority society and political establishment, become prime targets for these parties and their voters. Comparative studies usually deemphasise the role of ethnocultural diversity in explaining electoral successes of the radical right (see e.g., Cas Mudde). Against this reading the chapter applies a more dynamic approach and addresses changes in ethnocultural composition of European societies: value change, immigration, growing religious diversity in the West, regime change, liberalisation and new minority politics in the East. Regardless of these differences between West and East, identity politics and weak or weakening cleavage structures feed into the rise and consolidation of the radical right. Data from ethnic and religious changes over time will be used to demonstrate that the radical right is more successful where such changes occur at a higher pace than elsewhere. As a result, the growth of the radical right (and accompanying movements) and the multicultural realities of most European democracies are generating a new and fundamental conflict potential concerning social cohesion and national identity. This development and the unlikely end of the scenario in the foreseeable future poses a severe risk to pluralist democracy in Europe.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Minkenberg, Michael},
  booktitle = {Security and Safety in the Era of Global Risks},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003128250-4},
  editor = {Compel, Radomir and Hall, Rosalie Arcala},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {51-68},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Populist risks to pluralist society. The radical right in Europe as a response to ethnocultural diversification},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003128250-4},
  year = 2021
}

@article{lapatinas2021impact,
  abstract = {This paper establishes economic complexity as a powerful predictor of environmental attitudes. While the economic complexity index (ECI) has been associated with a series of economic outcomes, yet there has not been a link in the literature between ECI and environmental attitudes. This research pushes forward the hypothesis that economic complexity shapes cultural values and beliefs. The research method used is a multilevel empirical analysis that associates aggregate values of the ECI, at the country level, with individual responses related to attitudes towards the environment. Our findings suggest that a marginal increase of the ECI, increases by 0.191 the probability to be a member of environmental organisations and an increase by 0.259 in the probability to engage in voluntary work for the environment. To further reinforce our findings by ensuring identification we replicate the benchmark analysis using as a proxy of a country&rsquo;s level of economic complexity, the average ECI of the neighbouring countries (weighted by population and/or volume of trade). With a similar intention, i.e., to mitigate endogeneity concerns as well as to further frame our findings as &ldquo;the cultural implications of ECI&rdquo; we replicate our analysis with a sample of second generation immigrants. The immigrant analysis, suggests that the level of economic complexity of the parents&rsquo; country of origin, has a long-lasting effect on second generation immigrants&rsquo; attitudes related to the environment. Because humankind&rsquo;s attitudes and actions are of key importance for a sustainable future, a better understanding as to what drives environmental attitudes appears critical both for researchers and policy makers.},
  article-number = {870},
  author = {Lapatinas, Athanasios and Litina, Anastasia and Zanaj, Skerdilajda},
  doi = {10.3390/su13020870},
  issn = {2071-1050},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-25},
  study = {EWVS ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Impact of Economic Complexity on the Formation of Environmental Culture},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020870},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2021
}

@article{rodriguezjusticia2022immigration,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes whether the belief that immigrants represent a threat to welfare sustainability relates to citizens’ willingness to pay taxes. We approach this question using individual-level data from the 4th and 5th waves of the European Values Study (EVS). We find lower levels of tax morale among citizens who believe that immigrants are a strain on the welfare system. This suggests the possibility that the belief that immigration erodes the welfare system could become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Moreover, our results reveal substantial cross-regional heterogeneity and that prejudices play a role in belief formation, issues that deserve the attention of scholars and politicians.},
  author = {Rodriguez-Justicia, David and Theilen, Bernd},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10059 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s00181-021-02083-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {14358921},
  journal = {Empirical Economics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1801–1832},
  refid = {Rodriguez-Justicia2021},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Immigration and tax morale: the role of perceptions and prejudices},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-021-02083-7},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2022
}

@article{szalma2019shapes,
  abstract = {By examining attitudes on assisted reproduction technologies (ART) in 42 European countries, we highlight individual and country-level factors that are associated with the level of social acceptance or rejection of ART. This paper contributes to the literature on social acceptance of artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilization, the two most prominent examples of ART in Europe, and directs attention to several previously under-researched aspects. The empirical base of this study is the fourth round of the European Values Study, conducted in 2008–2010. Using a multilevel random-intercept linear regression model, we examine the impact of several individual- and country-level characteristics on the agreement level with the statement that artificial insemination or in-vitro fertilization can always be justified, never be justified or it is evaulated in a mixed manner. According to our findings, there are strong relationships between attitudes towards ART and socio demographic variables, as well as religiousness and some individual attitudes, including those related to traditional family formation practices, “justification for homosexuality”, (non-)preference for homosexual neighbors and acceptance of adoption by homosexual couples. For country-level characteristics we find significant association only in the case of mean age at first birth of women. We do not find a significant relationship between attitudes towards ART and country-level variables such as GDP, religiosity and same-sex couples’ access to ART.},
  author = {Szalma, Ivett and Djundeva, Maja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.21543/DEE.2019.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Demográfia},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {45-75},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {What shapes public attitudes towards assisted reproduction technologies in Europe?},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.21543/DEE.2019.2},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2019
}

@article{voda2022trivialized,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes factors facilitating the electoral success of the Slovak extreme-right party ĽSNS by examining contextual explanations of electoral support during in 2010–2016 national elections. Conducting regression analysis on aggregated data, we find that, during the 2010 and 2012 elections, the local presence of a Roma minority was important, and in the 2016 elections the party achieved success in more economically deprived micro-regions. These changes indicate that factors linked to perceived ethnic threat are insufficient to explain the electoral breakthrough of the party. We argue that the breakthrough was possible thanks to their increasingly anti-elite communication along with favorable contextual circumstances. },
  author = {Voda, Petr and Kluknavská, Alena and Spáč, Peter},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1080/10758216.2020.1869909},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2020.1869909},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Problems of Post-Communism},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {498-513},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {From Trivialized Neo-Nazis to Parliament: Explaining the Electoral Success of the Extreme Right Party ĽSNS in Slovakia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2020.1869909},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2022
}

@techreport{heiser2020religiosity,
  abstract = {The working paper contains data from the fifth wave of the European Values concerning religiosity in the European Union. Its aim is to present central results and calculate key indices of religiosity descriptively, e.g. a typology of religiousness. Therefore, the paper merely visualises these results and indices in the form of charts, but does not undertake any interpretations or conclusions. Since the release of the final dataset has been postponed due to the outbread of the coronavirus, the third pre-release of the European Values Study’s fifth wave is analysed, which contains data about 19 member states of the European Union with a total of 32,043 participants.},
  address = {Hagen},
  author = {Heiser, Patrick},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.18445/20200826-114555-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800; ZA7500},
  institution = {FernUniversität Hagen},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religiosity in the European Union : Results from the 5th wave of the European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18445/20200826-114555-0},
  year = 2020
}

@article{hatun2022disentangling,
  abstract = {Second demographic transition (SDT) theory argues very low fertility results from the simultaneous processes of modernization and secularization. However, this theory has primarily been examined in the Christian countries of Northern and Western Europe. The assumption that modernization and secularization are co-occurring processes may not apply in other non-European, non-Christian contexts. Notably absent are studies of Muslim-majority nations, where modernization has occurred separate from secularization because the primary interpretation of Islam views the pursuit of secular knowledge as important as the pursuit of religious knowledge. Therefore, there is a critical need to examine the applicability of SDT theory to fertility in a Muslim-majority country. Using data from the 2008 and 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys of Turkey (sample size 13,575), and a series of Poisson regression models, we examine the independent and joint effects of modernization and secularization on married women’s parity. Overall, we find that modernization and secularization are independently associated with married women’s parity. We conclude that the specification of the SDT theory that modernization co-occurs with secularization to limit fertility does not follow—and therefore does not—explain low fertility in the Muslim-majority country of Turkey.},
  author = {Hatun, Dogan and Warner, David F.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s11113-021-09685-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {15737829},
  journal = {Population Research and Policy Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1161-1189},
  refid = {Hatun2022},
  title = {Disentangling the Roles of Modernization and Secularization on Fertility: The Case of Turkey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-021-09685-0},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2022
}

@article{cislaghi2022gender,
  abstract = {Background: Almost nowhere in the world do women participate as much as men in the labor force. Despite differences in countries’ economic, social and cultural contexts, gender norms—unwritten rules of acceptable actions for men and women—have been found to affect women’s labor participation across contexts. Gender norms include those regulating who takes care of children, who is expected to earn more, and in which sectors men and women should work. Importantly, norms affect access to labor markets at times of scarcity: when there’s only work for one, gender norms can dictate whether a woman or man gets the job. Advocates of equal labor force participation point to evidence that employment can contribute to people’s health and well-being; yet the evidence is mixed and contradictory, and mostly comes from high-income countries. In restrictive normative contexts in which women are assigned the role of family caretaker, full time employment (FTE) might be particularly burdensome. At the same time, the literature lacks a cross-country analysis of how gender norms affect women’s FTE and their health when employed full time, despite qualitative research providing clear evidence of the influence of gender norms on labor participation. Aims: In this paper we examine: (1) how gender norms affect women’s access to FTE across 97 countries; (2) associations between FTE and women’s self-reported health self-rated (SRH) across different normative contexts (i.e., countries where it is common vs. uncommon for women to stay home); and (3) how women’s FTE and gender norms changed over time in four countries. Data: We used time-series data from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey conducted in over 100 countries between 1981 and 2014. Both surveys attempt to capture norms, beliefs and values in addition to sociodemographic information among a nationally representative adult population in each country. The sample for the cross-sectional analyses (aims 1 and 2) included 97 countries and 131,132 respondents. The sample for aim 3 included data from Argentina, Egypt, Finland and Japan. Variables: Our outcome of interest was pro-equality norms in the context of access to the labor market for women. Respondents were asked “if jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women do?”. Response options included no, neither or yes. We created a binary variable to represent pro-equality norms. We included employment status and SRH as exposures of interest. Analysis: We used individual-level data to generate on-average and sex-stratified estimates of the outcome and exposures for each country, at each time point. We estimated the percentage of all respondents, of women, and of men who held pro-equality norms (believe that men should not have more right to a job than women), the percentage who were employed full time, and the average level of SRH. To measure gender inequality in FTE, we also estimated the absolute difference in FTE between women and men for each country at each time point. First, we conducted descriptive, cross-sectional ecological analyses using one survey per country from wave 5 or 6 (whichever was most recent) to examine associations between pro-equality norms and employment status as a proxy for associations between norms and the context of employment in each country. We also examined associations between pro-equality norms and SRH. We then specified adjusted logistic regression models with controls for age, sex and education to examine associations between pro-equality norms and employment status. To examine if the relationship between FTE and SRH varied by normative context, we grouped countries in quartiles of pro-equality norms. Finally, we conducted descriptive ecological analyses of the relationship between pro-equality norms and employment status over time in four countries. Results: Objective 1: Gender norms intersect with socio-cultural contexts in determining women’s FTE. While in some countries gender norms aligned positively with women’s access to employment (i.e., more equal norms matched more equality in FTE), in Eastern Europe and South America we observed a mismatch. In Eastern Europe we found strong norms against equal access but small sex differences in FTE. In South America, we observed a stark difference in FTE favoring men, despite positive gender norms promoting women’s paid employment. Objective 2: We found the association between SRH and FTE to vary across normative contexts. For instance, while in Scandinavian countries it was protective to be a woman in FTE and harmful not to work full-time, we found the opposite effect in Middle Eastern countries. Objective 3: We found a general tendency to move toward greater equality in norms and FTE over time everywhere in the world. However, political and economic events can generate variations over time and setbacks in progress toward equality.We specifically looked at 4 countries: Argentina, Egypt, Finland and Japan and assessed the effects of economic, political and national legislative changes on FTE over time. Implications: This paper contributes to the conversation on tensions between universal justice and contextual factors affecting one’s health. To achieve purposeful and global universal health and justice, policy makers and global health practitioners must design effective, context-relevant interventions that are deeply and transparently informed by the values they embody. As we strive to achieve global gender equality, its meanings and purposes will vary across contexts in ways that demand people-led conversations and interventions.},
  author = {Cislaghi, Beniamino and Bhatia, Amiya and Hallgren, Emma Sofia Thonander and Horanieh, Nour and Weber, Ann M and Darmstadt, Gary L},
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.689815},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-16},
  study = {EVS/WVS1981-2008},
  title = {Gender Norms and Gender Equality in Full-Time Employment and Health: A 97-Country Analysis of the World Values Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.689815},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2022
}

@article{koniecznasalamatin2021meaning,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes the way democracy is perceived and understood in Poland and other European societies. Citizens usually assess political systems from the perspective of their everyday experience. This experience is then reflected both in their expectations of democracy and in their evaluation of the system’s performance. The present article focuses on the conditioning of citizens’ commitment to democracy. Is the notion of democracy understood in the same way across Europe? Or, if it has some regional flavors, what are the key dimensions of the differences? Additional attention is paid to Poland, where a two-dimensional pattern of perceiving democracy is described. Each dimension is connected with a different level of important resources—economic, social, and cultural—and related to a separate set of values and expectations. The universality and specificity of the Central European perception of democracy is discussed. The analyses are based on the data of the European Values Study.},
  author = {Konieczna-Sałamatin, Joanna},
  doi = {10.26412/psr214.01},
  issn = {1231-1413},
  journal = {Polish Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {145-162},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Meaning of Democracy: Diverse Understandings of the Concept of Democracy in Poland and Other European Societies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26412/psr214.01},
  volume = 214,
  year = 2021
}

@article{brechon2021europe,
  abstract = {For more than 35 years Futuribles has taken an interest in how value systems evolve and in the study of their transformation, regularly reporting on the surveys carried out every 9-10 years in the framework of the European Values Study (EVS) and doing so in close collaboration with Pierre Bréchon. The last round of the EVS was carried out in 2017-2018 in 37 countries and, by comparing it with the 1990, 1999 and 2008 surveys, we are able to see and understand how values have developed over the long term on the European continent. The dossier which we open in this issue with Pierre Bréchon’s article focuses on these main lessons. After reviewing the methodology of the EVS, Bréchon stresses the — still very marked — differences in values seen in the different geographical zones (Western Europe/Southern Europe/Eastern Europe, both within and outside the EU/Nordic countries), while stressing the essential distinction to be made between the trend toward individualization (desire for autonomy) and that toward individualism (the pursuit of one’s personal interest alone). He then examines the main long-term developments that can be detected, which include a great increase in individualization, particularly in Northern and Western Europe, and a relative decline in individualism (except in Eastern Europe). He also describes the major trends in terms of religious belief, adherence to democratic values, xenophobia etc. Lastly, going beyond cultural and religious variables, Bréchon highlights the importance of sociological variables in value differences, with the better-off generally showing a greater openness to others. Two further articles complete this dossier: an analysis by Gilles Ivaldi of the rise of authoritarian populism and an article by Raul Magni Berton focussing on the development of values of tolerance.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.443.0005},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {5-23},
  refid = {FUTUR_443_0005},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Europe: des valeurs en évolution mais toujours aussi clivées (Europe: Values evolving, but divisions still as wide as ever)},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/futur.443.0005},
  volume = 443,
  year = 2021
}

@article{lovlien2021radical,
  abstract = {There are many assumptions within terrorism research about the individual characteristics of those who commit or support the use of terrorist tactics, but no larger quantitative study exists on the subject in a European context. To rectify this the article aims to use a group identity framework in a novel way in order to study how group dynamics and group threat impacts individual attitudes toward the use of terrorist tactics. A multilevel research design, using survey data from the European Values Study, is employed to test some of the common explanatory arguments, looking at the role of religion, group identities, and grievances. The findings are mixed, with little support for the argument that religion is a central explanatory factor in understanding radical attitudes. It appears rather that group identities and grievances, as social phenomena, are a more fruitful avenue for understanding why some individuals are more willing to support the use of terrorist tactics. These findings remain robust after controlling for other common explanatory factors and when running alternative model specifications.},
  author = {Løvlien, Eline Drury},
  issn = {23343745},
  journal = {Perspectives on Terrorism},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {33-57},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Radical Beings? How Group Identities Impact Willingness to Justify Terrorism},
  url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/27007295},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2021
}

@article{ramoutar2022culture,
  abstract = {This study offers a different empirical approach to examining the e?ects of culture and religion on economic growth using time series data for the period 1994-2020. I constructed a cultural index through the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) technique to achieve this goal. This study employs seven leading indicators from the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS) for cultural development, such as control, trust, respect, obedience, and identity. Further, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) system estimation was adopted. The findings confirm a significant positive impact of culture and religion on economic growth.},
  author = {Ramoutar, Richard S.},
  doi = {10.22158/rem.v7n2p16},
  journal = {Research in Economics and Management},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {16-28},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Do Culture and Religion Matter to Economic Growth?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22158/rem.v7n2p16},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2022
}

@article{sadlon2021polarization,
  abstract = {The modern Polish cultural system emerges through the interplay between social structure and agency, which represent different properties and powers or, more precisely, ‘independent properties, capable of exerting autonomous influences.’ I argue that Polish Catholicism entered the transformation process to some extent as an agential force which shaped progressive social change and delivered ‘energy’ for the transformation of Polish society. However, the process of transformation has changed the public position of the Catholic Church as it is no longer an actor within a dominating social movement that thrived in the quest for freedom and human rights. Catholicism that has played a role in shaping social conflicts, still represents to some degree ‘a public good’. That is why, despite strong political polarization in Poland, there is no context for ‘pillarization’ within Polish society. The situation of Catholicism in the modern Polish social configuration should be described using the category of ‘polarization’ rather than ‘pillarization’. My study of Polish Catholicism confirms that social polarization in Poland is not a bottom-up process but rather, is driven from the top down as a cultural process.},
  article-number = {457},
  author = {Sadlon, Wojciech},
  doi = {10.3390/rel12070457},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {2077-1444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1-15},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Polarization but Not Pillarization Catholicism and Cultural Change in Post-Transformation Poland},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12070457},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@book{spalova2022media,
  abstract = {The issue of increasing migration is still relevant even after years of international efforts to address and stabilize the socio-economic increase in migration in the European context. The media are still the main source of information on distant topics, including the migration crisis, and are a mediator of people's access to social reality. Media discourses about migrants are essential for the public to form implicit attitudes towards them and can thus negatively influence the process of integration of refugees in the EU and contribute to strengthening prejudices among citizens. The publication presents a transdisciplinary view of the issue in the Trans-European context, i.e. in an area that has historically served as a buffer zone of migratory pressures.},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Spálová, Lucia and Mikuláš, Peter},
  doi = {10.3726/b19495},
  isbn = {9783631874356},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Peter Lang Verlag},
  study = {EVS1991},
  title = {Media – Migration – Politics: Discursive Strategies in the Current Czech and Slovak Context},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3726/b19495},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{abts2022impact,
  abstract = {Over the last decennia, the position of the Church and religion in Western societies has become less central to social, cultural and public life. On top of structural processes of secularization, the Catholic Church has, more recently, faced painful moments of deep crisis because of child sexual abuse scandals. This contribution investigates how the child abuse scandal involving Roger Vangheluwe (the bishop of Bruges), has affected institutional trust in the Catholic Church in Belgium. To do this, we analyse panel data from EVS wave 4 (2009) and a follow-up survey among the same respondents in 2010. This panel design -with the child abuse scandal as a natural experiment in between the two measurements- allows us to study conjunctural changes in trust in the Church. Our results indicate that the loss of trust in the church-as-institution is especially outspoken among the religiously more involved persons. Those who are convinced that the church authorities did not fulfill their role as ‘guardians of trust’ in dealing with the pedophilia cases report the strongest decrease in trust. These results are illustrative of churchgoers’ disappointment with the behavior of priests and indignation about the improper functioning of church hierarchies.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Abts, Koen and Meuleman, Bart},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {208-221},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Impact of the Child Abuse Scandals on Trust in the Church: Empirical Evidence from Belgium},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{leispeters2019combining,
  abstract = {Sweden has been characterized by a strong state that was the key actor in a comprehensive welfare system, while religious organizations as welfare providers played only a minor role. Swedish welfare policies saw the task of religious welfare actors mainly as taking care of the existential (individual) needs of their members. This division of labor has mirrored and consolidated a notion of the public as secular while religion was delegated to the private sphere. The model is in flux, not least because the Nordic countries have become less homogeneous and more diverse regarding ethnicity, religion, and welfare. This development challenges the role of religious organizations in the welfare system. Is a new model of welfare interaction between religious organizations and the public emerging? The chapter discusses this question based on a review of recent Swedish research in the field of religion and welfare.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Leis-Peters, Annette},
  booktitle = {Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare: Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Western Europe},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-77297-4_7},
  editor = {Manuel, Paul Christopher and Glatzer, Miguel},
  isbn = {978-3-319-77297-4},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2021 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {161-184},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Combining Secular Public Space and Growing Diversity? Interactions Between Religious Organizations as Welfare Providers and the Public in Sweden},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77297-4_7},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{salomaki2022suomalaisten,
  address = {Helsinki},
  author = {Salomäki, Hanna},
  booktitle = {Spiritualiteetti 2020-luvun Suomessa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314 ; 10.4232/1.13161 ; 10.4232/1.13629},
  editor = {Huttunen, Niko and Salminen, Veli-Matti},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0 ; ZA4950 v2.3.0 ; ZA7570 v2.1.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {228-257},
  publisher = {Kirkon tutkimus ja koulutus},
  series = {Suomen ev.-lut. kirkon tutkimusjulkaisuja},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Suomalaisten ikä-ja sukupuolierot uskonnollisuudessa 2000-luvulla},
  url = {https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/publications/spiritualiteetti-2020-luvun-suomessa},
  volume = 137,
  year = 2022
}

@article{barone2022legacy,
  abstract = {This paper shows that people who lived their impressionable years (18–25) at the time of Student Movement came to have more right-winged political preferences as older adults. No effect is detected on polarization.},
  author = {Barone, Guglielmo and Blasio, Guido de and Poy, Samuele},
  doi = {10.1016/j.econlet.2021.110198},
  issn = {01651765},
  journal = {Economics Letters},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-4},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The legacy of 1968 student protests on political preferences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.110198},
  volume = 210,
  year = 2022
}

@article{galinas2020european,
  abstract = {The role of religion in the structure of European identity was not on the top of agenda before the discussion of the Constitution project, but in the light of the intensive migration and Brexit this question appears to be more and more important. The issue of the interconnection between religion and European identity has several dimensions: the role of believing and belonging as well as Christianity and it forms in construction and functioning of European identity and feeling of Europeanness. The correlation analysis of Eurobarometer data (2009-2019), European Value Study (2d and 3d waves) and World Value Survey (1st-6th waves) data allows us to prove that, being secular in its roots, European identity has intense ties with religiousness. Religion appears to be a factor of European identity not within any confession, but more as a faith. Nevertheless, correlation analysis also demonstrates differences in the influence of Christian confessions on the one’s self-identification as European, which allows to look wider at the religion function in European Identity and claimed European values (mainly of secular and Enlightenment origin) in historical retrospective. This means that religion perspective not only reopens the discussion of the substance of being European, but also is one of key approaches to the urgent issues of peaceful group coexistence within European Union.},
  author = {Galina S., Klimova},
  doi = {10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-4-617-633},
  issn = {2313-1438},
  journal = {RUDN Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2020 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {617-633},
  study = {Eurobarometer ; EVS},
  title = {European Identity between Religiousness and Secularity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-4-617-633},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{wawra2023parameters,
  address = {Berlin/Boston},
  author = {Wawra, Daniela},
  booktitle = {Data Disclosure: Global Developments and Perspectives},
  doi = {10.1515/9783111010601-005},
  editor = {Hennemann, Moritz and Von Lewinski, Kai and Wawra, Daniela and Widjaja, Thomas},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {51-88},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Parameters of Personal Data Disclosure Decisions in Cross-Cultural Comparison},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111010601-005},
  year = 2023
}

@article{azis2023future,
  abstract = {Poland becomes one of the states located in East Europe that is recognized as one of the Soviet Union's “former” alliances. Following the dissolution of the USSR, Poland began to show its openness to become part of the European Union as a supranational organization that regulates various policies at the national level for its members. However, regulations regarding guarantees for upholding human rights for every individual, including the LGBT community group have resulted in a separate shift for Poland as a country that still adheres to the religious values it adheres to. This is caused by the presence of conservative groups in society who refer to the ideology of populism as a rationale that is starting to strengthen in the country. Populism, which is represented through the presence of the political elite of the PiS party as the holder of parliamentary power, makes the response of the government of this country tend to be intolerant and antipathy towards upholding the rights of LGBT people. Therefore, in recent years, the act of upholding rights and the rejection of discrimination against LGBT people has become one of the social issues that are increasingly facing challenges and testing Poland's level of inclusivity in the future.},
  author = {Azis, Aswin A. and Azarine, Alifia N.},
  doi = {10.24018/ejsocial.2023.3.2.399},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  journal = {European Journal of Humanities and Social Science},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {21-30},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Future and Challenges of LGBT in Eastern Europe: The Rise of Populism and Political Movement Analysis in Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2023.3.2.399},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2023
}

@article{ciziceno2023peoples,
  abstract = {The climate change issue is showing an unprecedented level of awareness in the political realm. Changing occasional sustainable practices into stable behaviors is the challenge that policymakers face. However, what makes people environmentally aware is an unsolved question, and research on this direction is in evolution. This paper examines factors that promote environmentally responsible behaviors. The study tests the hypothesis that people's wellbeing (SWB) predisposes individuals toward environmentalism. The mechanism of social and civic capital may underlie this association since people reporting higher wellbeing levels show empathy, solidarity, and greater civic engagement. This hypothesis is examined in the context of the European Union using micro-data from the European Values Study—EVS (wave 2017–2022). Results support the hypothesis that people's life satisfaction is compatible with the environmental mindset, given that those who report higher wellbeing express civicness and share pro-environmental beliefs and values. Evidence from this research suggests that supporting SWB growth may offer a fertile ground for promoting ecological awareness and developing more sustainable societies.},
  author = {Ciziceno, Marco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2022.1048397},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Frontiers in Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {People's wellbeing, civic capital and sustainable practices: Evidence from the European Values Study survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.1048397},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kiss2022robotizci,
  abstract = {Technological advances are introducing human-robot collaboration to many areas, including the corporate environment. The nature of work and occupations will thus change fundamentally in the future. One of the prerequisites for successfully meeting these challenges is the acceptance of robots, which is influenced by, among other things, the attitudes of individuals. The literature review synthesises the results of theoretical articles focusing on the factors influencing the development of attitudes towards robots. The aim of this paper is to investigate the evolution of attitudes towards robotization in Hungary, using the latest European Value Survey (EVS) data collection, cluster analysis and ANOVA methods. The relevance of attitudinal research on the robot workforce is unquestionable and, to date, no similar research on a Hungarian sample has been conducted.},
  author = {Kiss, Csaba and Harmat, Vanda and Milassin, Anda},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.14267/VEZTUD.2022.08-09.01},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {01330179},
  journal = {Vezetéstudomány-Budapest Management Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {8-9},
  pages = {2-13},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {A robotizáció térnyerésével kapcsolatos attitűdök Magyarországon (Attitudes towards the rise of robotization in Hungary)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2022.08-09.01},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{wang2022measuring,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Wang, Shun and Kim, Seonga and Ma, Mingming and Wu, Fengyu},
  booktitle = {Global Happiness and Well-being Policy Report 2022},
  data-doi = {10.14281/18241.11},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {135-157},
  publisher = {Sustainable Development Solutions Network},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Measuring Happiness amid the COVID-19 Pandemic},
  url = {https://s3.amazonaws.com/happinesscouncil.org/GHC_2022.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{sudo2022effects,
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to clarify the social mechanisms that generate differences in the average life satisfaction among European countries by specifying the latent structures of life satisfaction. For this purpose, data from the European Values Study conducted from 2017 to 2020 (EVS 2017) were analyzed using finite mixtures of regression models. The results revealed that the respondents to the EVS 2017 could be categorized into two latent groups: a group dominated by materialist values and a group characterized by postmaterialist values. The results also imply that postmaterialist values increase average life satisfaction at the country level and are positively associated with economic prosperity and political stability at the country level. Consequently, the effect of postmaterialist values on life satisfaction is related to social inequalities among European countries. Finally, the sociological implications of these findings are discussed.},
  author = {Sudo, Naoki},
  doi = {10.1177/23780231221124562},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {23780231},
  journal = {Socius},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Effects of Postmaterialist Values on Average Life Satisfaction at the Country Level: What Generates Differences in Subjective Well-Being among European Countries?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231221124562},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2022
}

@article{schilpzand2023market,
  abstract = {Although the market is often praised as a wealth-creating coordination system, it is also repeatedly criticized for undermining morality. We empirically examine whether exposure to markets is associated with lower levels of civic morality, i.e. the responsibility and respect of the individual towards society's rules and the public good. Because most prior research lacks generalizability, we scrutinize the relationship between markets and individuals’ civic morality in a large set of highly culturally and institutionally diverse countries and regions. Multilevel analyses of cross-country individual-level survey data indicate a robust positive relationship between market exposure and civic morality. We find that subnational regions and countries experiencing an increase in market activity also experience an increase in individuals’ civic morality. Our results suggest that the mechanism behind this relation works through the fairness of the market process. We conclude that there is no empirical evidence suggesting that markets undermine civic morality.},
  author = {Schilpzand, Annemiek and Jong, Eelke de},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2023.01.020},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {01672681},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {39-60},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Do market societies undermine civic morality? An empirical investigation into market societies and civic morality across the globe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.01.020},
  volume = 208,
  year = 2023
}

@article{polak2023ztrta,
  abstract = {The text is based on Austrian study of values which describes decline of credibility of traditional Christian churches beginning in 1990. The author adopts biblical image of “mene tekel” (Dan 5:26) as an inspiring interpretational key to this warning which she understands as God’s instrument to improve actual situation of Christianity. The loss of social legitimacy of the church is approached as a crisis and therefore way to its restoration is searched through confrontation with contemporary social norms and values. The author notices erosion of the social capital of the church; a fact that ethnical, cultural and religious heterogeneity is considered to be a risk factor; she deals with a phenomenon of postfacticity; and consequences of the catastrophes in the 20th century. She presents ambivalent character of trust, points out that it does not exist without thinking and encourages churches to stand a side of people.},
  author = {Polak, Regina},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {12136301},
  journal = {SALVE},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {77-98},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Ztráta důvěry jako mene tekel pro církev},
  url = {https://krystal.op.cz/revue-salve/salve-1-2023-duvera/},
  year = 2023
}

@article{campana2023measuring,
  abstract = {This paper explores the gender gap in time allocation in European countries, offering a comparison of the 2000s and the 2010s, along with an explanation of the documented gender gaps, based on social norms and institutional factors. The results show that the gender gap in both paid and unpaid work has decreased in most countries, but with a significant level of cross-country heterogeneity in the size of the gender gaps. More traditional social norms are related to greater gender inequalities in paid and unpaid work, while countries with better family-friendly policies and a greater representation of women in politics and in the labour market exhibit smaller gender inequalities. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of gender gaps in Europe, and attempts to monitor the progress towards the elimination of gender inequalities. Despite that some degree of gender convergence in paid and unpaid work has taken place, there remain inequalities in the distribution of labour in European countries, and possible solutions may be related to social norms and family-friendly policies.},
  author = {Campaña, Juan Carlos and Gimenez-Nadal, Jose Ignacio and Velilla, Jorge},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-022-03026-0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {519–553},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Measuring Gender Gaps in Time Allocation in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-03026-0},
  volume = 165,
  year = 2023
}

@book{gercke2023trends,
  abstract = {In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird untersucht, warum sich wohlhabende Gesellschaften merklich im Ausmaß sozialer Probleme wie z. B. Kriminalität oder mangelnde Wahlbeteiligung unterscheiden. In einer makrosoziologischen Untersuchung von 40 wohlhabenden Ländern über den Zeitraum 1990 bis 2020 werden neben der im Forschungsfeld dominierenden Spirit-Level-Theorie, welche auf Einkommensungleichheit fokussiert, vier alternative Erklärungsansätze herangezogen: Wohlstand, ethnische Fraktionalisierung, soziales Misstrauen und das gesellschaftliche Werteklima. In den Ergebnissen der Quer- und Längsschnittanalysen zeigt sich kein Beleg für einen zentralen Erklärungsmechanismus. Vielmehr beeinflussen verschiedene Determinanten bestimmte soziale Probleme unterschiedlich stark, wobei sich Unterschiede im Wohlstandsniveau als stärkster Prädiktor herausstellen. Die Studie zeigt somit, dass die Gestaltung einer guten Gesellschaft nicht allein eine Frage der Einkommensverteilung ist.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Gercke, Marcus},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-39865-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  series = {BestMasters},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Trends und Determinanten sozialer Probleme in reichen Ländern: Eine Zeitreihenanalyse über drei Dekaden},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39865-1},
  year = 2023
}

@article{kavadias2023religious,
  abstract = {The thesis that schooling inevitably leads to secularization continues to be debated. Indeed, while education has become a central and authoritative institution across the world, religiosity seems to persist. An alternative hypothesis proposes that recognizing the cultural aspects of the growth of “schooled societies” may reveal unexpected compatibilities between education and religiosity. However, research that both empirically integrates these aspects and examines their relationship with religiosity from a global perspective remains scarce. Against this background, this article first constructs a macro-level indicator that taps into cross-national variation in the different dimensions of “schooled societies.” Subsequently, we examine its relationship with the subjective importance of religion in people’s lives and individual-level educational differences in religiosity. Results based on data from 94,011 respondents across 76 countries show that in societies that are more “schooled,” people generally tend to be less religious. Moreover, the development of a schooled society moderates the relationship between educational attainment and religiosity. In societies that show more characteristics of a schooled society, especially less educated people are likely to remain religious. Finally, we found that our new indicator for the schooled society explained more variance than other, less fine-grained indicators of this concept. This illustrates the added value of a more comprehensive indicator for the role of schooling as an institution. In the conclusion, we use our findings to outline a research agenda.},
  author = {Kavadias, Leandros and Spruyt, Bram and Kuppens, Toon},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152231177238},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {247-270},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religious life in schooled society? A global study of the relationship between schooling and religiosity in 76 countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231177238},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2024
}

@article{gunnthorsdottir2023reciprocity,
  abstract = {We compare efficiency-enhancing cooperation and its underlying motives in Iceland and the US. The two countries are distinct along all measures of national culture known to us. They are however both developed democracies with similar GDP/capita (PPP adjusted). These similarities make it possible to hold constant aspects of culture related to wealth and institutions. In an experimental Voluntary Contribution Mechanism (VCM), we prime the participants with different social foci, emphasizing either their directly cooperating team or their wider social unit. With a team focus, cooperation levels do not differ between the two cultures, but this superficial similarity masks deep-seated differences: When the focus is on the wider social unit cooperation increases in Iceland and declines in the US. Both when the contribution levels are the same and when they differ, members of the two cultures differ in their motives to cooperate: Icelanders tend to cooperate unconditionally, and US subjects conditionally with a strong emphasis on reciprocity. Our findings indicate that different cultures can achieve similar economic and societal performance through different cultural norms and suggest that cooperation should be encouraged through culturally tailored persuasion tactics.},
  author = {Gunnthorsdottir, Anna and Thorsteinsson, Palmar and Olafsson, Sigurdur P.},
  doi = {10.1177/10693971231166165},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {10693971},
  journal = {Cross-Cultural Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {391-428},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Reciprocity or Community? Different Cultural Pathways to Cooperation and Welfare},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971231166165},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2023
}

@book{odermatt2023religion,
  abstract = {In diesem Open-Access-Buch unterzieht Anastas Odermatt die weitverbreitete Annahme, dass sowohl Religion als auch freiwilliges Engagement förderlich für soziales Vertrauen und damit für gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt und Demokratie seien, einer empirischen Überprüfung. Wirkt Religion eher konflikthaft und negativ auf unsere Gesellschaft oder wirkt sie eher brückenbildend, stabilisierend und damit positiv? Diese Frage wird in Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit kontrovers diskutiert und unterschiedlich beantwortet. Basierend auf den Daten des KONID Survey 2019 für die Schweiz werden die Wirkmechanismen zwischen Religion und Religiosität, freiwilligem Engagement und sozialem Vertrauen in der Schweiz vertieft untersucht und allgemein verständlich erklärt. Dabei ergibt sich ein differenziertes Bild für die unterschiedlichen, teils eigenwilligen Zusammenhänge – neue Erkenntnisse und einige Überraschungen miteingeschlossen.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Odermatt, Anastas},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-41147-3},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  series = {Politik und Religion},
  study = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Religion und Sozialkapital in der Schweiz: Zum eigenwilligen Zusammenhang zwischen Religiosität, Engagement und Vertrauen},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41147-3},
  year = 2023
}

@article{pepinsky2024modeling,
  abstract = {A wealth of recent research in comparative politics examines how spatial variation in historical conditions shapes modern political outcomes. In an article in the American Political Science Review, Homola, Pereira, and Tavits argue that Germans who live nearer to former Nazi concentration camps are more likely to display out-group intolerance. Clarifying the conceptual foundations of posttreatment bias and reviewing the historical record on postwar state creation in Germany, we argue that state-level differences confound the relationship between distance to camps and out-group intolerance. Using publicly available European Values Survey data and electoral results from 2017, we find no consistent evidence that distance to camps is related to contemporary values. Our findings have implications for literatures on historical persistence, causal inference with spatial data, Holocaust studies, and outgroup tolerance.},
  author = {Pepinsky, Thomas B. and Wallace Goodman, Sara and Ziller, Conrad},
  doi = {10.1017/S0003055423000072},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00030554},
  journal = {American Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {519-528},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Modeling Spatial Heterogeneity and Historical Persistence: Nazi Concentration Camps and Contemporary Intolerance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055423000072},
  volume = 118,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{johansson2022criminalizzazione,
  address = {Torino},
  author = {Johansson, Isabelle},
  booktitle = {Prostituzione e lavoro sessuale in Italia: Oltre le semplificazioni, verso i diritti},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.4000/books.res.9365},
  editor = {Geymonat, Giulia Garofalo and Selmi, Giulia},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {149-167},
  publisher = {Rosenberg & Sellier},
  series = {Questioni di genere},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {La criminalizzazione dei clienti nel contesto svedese},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/books.res.9365},
  year = 2022
}

@article{okolskaia2021russian,
  abstract = {The article analyzes parental values in Russia and 33 other countries, and considers how these values have changed from 1990?1991 to 2017?2020. Russian dynamics are analyzed via seven waves, while the international dynamics are assigned two waves. We used a combination of data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study and discovered that in 1990 the Russian value agenda regarding children was highly survival oriented. By 2017?2020 certain changes had occurred: Russians no longer accented survival values (e.g., hard work, thrift, and obedience), with the exception of religiosity, which has markedly increased; self-expression values (e.g., independence and imagination) became more popular, while humanistic values lost much of their importance for Russians. In 33 countries, humanistic values remained as popular as in 1990, while survival values became less important. The change in Russian parental values runs parallel to the change in Russian personal values.},
  author = {Okolskaia, L.A},
  data-doi = {10.14281/18241.11 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.11551 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/10610154.2021.2133508},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3802 v3.0.1 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {10610154},
  journal = {Sociological Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {4-6},
  pages = {80-99},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/ WVS 2017–2021 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Russian Parental Values in the Cross-Country Context from 1990–1991 to 2017–2020},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10610154.2021.2133508},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2021
}

@article{pervushin2022covid19,
  abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the use of unprecedented restrictive measures by different countries. Forced self-isolation, social distancing, restrictions on communication and movement, remote work and study, forced (in fact) vaccination, lockdowns, mandatory usage of special masks and gloves, QR codes and the need for testing are all elements of the new reality. We can consider such measures as actions in an emergency, critical, uncertain situation that forces a person to surrender part of his/her rights and freedoms in order to save lives. However, there are differences across countries in terms of the severity and duration of coronavirus restrictions. Restrictions in the countries of the European Union and the Far East were especially serious. Asian countries have already had experience in dealing with such disasters. In addition, they are characterized by a number of cultural features that contribute to the loyal acceptance and observance of the norms of the new reality. For Western countries, restrictions contradict basic principles of freedom, the structure of the state, the relationship between the private and the public. Therefore, the need arises to comprehend the phenomenon of prolonged renunciation of part of the rights, freedoms and practices for the sake of the idea of personal and public security. The article presents various possible interpretations of the observed phenomenon: humanity is becoming more altruistic; Christian ideas about morality promote the idea of self-limitation for the benefit of society; the idea of the high value of human life; greater confidence in the state and its institutions. From the author’s point of view, the most productive is the consideration of the role of the spread of post-materialist discourse in developed countries. The idea of renunciation of part of the benefits and practices for the sake of certain ideas and values (ecology, the concept of sustainable development, diversity, altruism, social responsibility of business, etc.) is already incorporated into the public consciousness of Europeans. Disagreement with this discourse leads to the marginalization of covid-dissidents. Thus, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the discourse of post-materialism has facilitated both the introduction and adoption of prolonged emergency restrictive measures. The materialist discourse, on the contrary, leads to skepticism about the need for strict quarantine measures and their rejection.},
  author = {Pervushin, Nikolay S.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.25205/2658-4506-2022-15-1-66-87},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Reflexio},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {66-87},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/ WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Принятие ограничений в эпоху пандемии COVID-19: дискурс постматериализма, культ безопасности и другие объяснения},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.25205/2658-4506-2022-15-1-66-87},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2022
}

@article{han2022theories,
  abstract = {Family formation patterns in the postindustrial world have changed markedly in the past several decades. Fertility rates have declined, cohabitation rates have increased, age at marriage has gone up, and nonmarital childbearing has become more common in most postindustrial settings. A dominant theoretical explanation for these changes is second demographic transition (SDT) theory, which posits widespread value change towards individualism and postmaterialist concerns. In contrast, gender equity theory emphasizes structural changes, including women's increased participation in the public sphere and the resulting incompatibility of women's domestic and public roles given the slower adaptation on the part of families and institutions to adapt to women's new roles. We test the predictions of these two theoretical frameworks by analyzing fertility decline in 27 European societies. We find evolving gender egalitarianism, measured by the prevalence of gender-egalitarian attitudes, to have greater explanatory power than SDT-related ideational changes. The gender equity framework is particularly relevant in explaining the recent fertility trajectories of Central, Eastern, and Southern European countries.},
  author = {Han, Sinn Won and Brinton, Mary C.},
  doi = {10.1111/padr.12490},
  issn = {00987921},
  journal = {Population and Development Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {303-330},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Theories of Postindustrial Fertility Decline: An Empirical Examination},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12490},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2022
}

@article{dipaola2023occupational,
  abstract = {Purpose: The authors aim to explore the link between the gender composition of occupations and women's access to managerial positions in four societal contexts. Design/methodology/approach: Using EU-LFS data for 2015, the authors measure the relative gender equality performance of France, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK regarding women's access to managerial positions, defined as levels 1 and 2 of the 2008 ISCO classification coupled with the exercise of managerial responsibilities. Findings: While gender-mixed working environments offer the largest number of managerial positions, they are also where women are least likely to reach such a position. Overall, except in Switzerland, women fare best in male-dominated occupations. Women do not appear to fare worse than men in female-dominated occupations, except in France. Research limitations/implications: The findings question the relevance of policies aimed simply at reducing occupational gender segregation without providing safeguards against the deleterious effects that gender mixing may have on women's career advancement. Originality/value: The disparities between countries found here show that individual career advancement towards a managerial position may be driven by the social policies, gender ideology and institutions of the societal context. Examining how the societal dimensions involved in the poor performance of women in France and Switzerland are likely to differ sheds light on mechanisms behind the gender gap in management.},
  author = {Di Paola, Vanessa and Dupray, Arnaud and Moullet, Stéphanie},
  doi = {10.1108/IJSSP-12-2021-0315},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {0144333X},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {5/6},
  pages = {473-490},
  study = {EU-LFS 2015},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Does occupational gender composition affect women's chances of becoming managers? Evidence from France, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-12-2021-0315},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2023
}

@article{crenshaw2023making,
  abstract = {Statements by politicians and pundits around the world suggest that terrorism uniquely threatens social order. Unfortunately, our knowledge about how terrorism affects generalized trust and social capital, which many view as foundations of civil society, is quite limited. In this paper we theorize that terrorism damages generalized social trust via its pernicious influence on the perceptions of safety and security in urban public spaces, particularly in those urban places that are the most socially salient to national identity and the most connected to global society (i.e., primate capitals). Using aggregated survey data from European countries in the European Social Survey (Waves 1–6), we find that terrorism, whether committed in urban or rural areas, has no direct effect on social trust. Nonetheless, urban terrorism interacts with urban primacy to arrest the development of generalized social trust. We conclude that the effects of chronic terrorism likely go beyond economics and politics, perhaps damaging the fabric of society itself.},
  author = {Crenshaw, Edward M. and Robison, Kristopher K.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/09546553.2022.2032675},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {09546553},
  journal = {Terrorism and Political Violence},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1200-1216},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Making War on the Fabric of Society: A Cross-National Analysis of Terrorism, Urban Public Space and Generalized Social Trust in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2022.2032675},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2023
}

@article{fluckiger2022roman,
  abstract = {We show that the creation of the first integrated multi-modal pan-European transport network during Roman times influences economic integration over two millennia. Drawing on spatially highly disaggregated data on excavated Roman ceramics, we document that contemporary interregional trade was influenced by connectivity within the network. Today, these connectivity differentials continue to influence integration as approximated by cross-regional firm investment behaviour. Continuity is partly explained by selective infrastructure routing and cultural integration due to bilateral convergence in preferences and values. We show that our results are Roman-connectivity specific and do not reflect pre-existing patterns of exchange using pre-Roman trade data.},
  author = {Flückiger, Matthias and Hornung, Erik and Larch, Mario and Ludwig, Markus and Mees, Allard},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1093/restud/rdab036},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {00346527},
  journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {774-810},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Roman Transport Network Connectivity and Economic Integration},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdab036},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2022
}

@article{lundasen2023intergroup,
  abstract = {Intergroup contacts can occur in many different places but are often studied only limited to a specific context. This study contributes with data that taps intergroup contacts that occur in both the private and the public sphere, using data from a large-scale survey directed towards individuals nested within 36 different municipalities and over 1,250 different neighborhoods with varying levels of visible minorities. The results also showed that just using the mere frequency of intergroup contacts is not sufficient to understand its association with community trust. Intergroup contacts that occurred in the neighborhood and in civil society organizations had a statistically significant association with community trust, while intergroup contacts that occurred in schools/workplaces and at home did not. The results also indicated that the neighborhood context moderated the impact of intergroup contacts. Whether contacts generated negative experiences mattered. Negative experiences mattered more for community trust especially for those who lived in diverse neighborhoods. The results indicated an asymmetry between the importance of positive and negative experiences of intergroup contacts for community trust.},
  author = {Lundåsen, Susanne Wallman},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1007/s12134-021-00932-z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {18746365},
  journal = {Journal of International Migration and Integration},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {163–188},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Intergroup Contacts, Neighborhood Diversity, and Community Trust: the Asymmetrical Impact of Negative and Positive Experiences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00932-z},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{sobral2022portuguese,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Sobral, José and Vala, Jorge},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Portuguese Politics},
  editor = {Fernandes, Jorge M. and Magalhães, Pedro C. and Costa Pinto, António},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {227-243},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {ISSP2013 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Portuguese National Identity: Historical Constructions and Contemporary Expressions},
  year = 2022
}

@article{christley2022traditional,
  abstract = {Using data from the 2017 European Values Study, I analyze the link between harboring traditional gender attitudes and supporting radical right-wing parties. I theorize that the intrinsically gendered elements of the radical right's platforms and rhetoric, which mirror traditional masculinity and femininity in both explicit and implicit ways, make the ideology a comfortable home for individuals who hold traditional gender attitudes. My analyses reveal that gender traditionalists are more likely than egalitarians to express support for the radical right, even after controlling for a host of existing explanations. The same impact is not replicated for mainstream conservative parties. In addition, holding more gender-traditional attitudes raises the probability of supporting the radical right among both nativists and non-nativists. These findings provide important evidence that gender attitudes seemingly constitute a significant pathway to support for the radical right across Europe.},
  author = {Christley, Olyvia R.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1017/S1743923X21000374},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1743923X},
  journal = {Politics & Gender},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1141-1167},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Traditional Gender Attitudes, Nativism, and Support for the Radical Right},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X21000374},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2022
}

@article{kolczynska2022political,
  abstract = {The Political Parties Crosswalk (PPC) maps party codes used in questions about party preferences in European cross-national public opinion surveys to Party Facts IDs, which are commonly used identifiers of parties in political science datasets. The PPC, a data linkage tool, supports research that combines data on party support from surveys with characteristics of parties, and in particular, facilitates research that combines data from different survey projects. PPC v.1 covers surveys conducted in Europe in the following projects: European Social Survey, European Values Study, World Values Survey, Asia Europe Survey, Consolidation and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe, Integrated and United, Life in Transition Surveys, New Baltic Barometer, New Europe Barometer, and selected waves from the Candidate Countries Eurobarometer, Eurobarometer, and the International Social Survey Programme. In addition to describing the scope and properties of PPC, as well as the steps of data processing and quality assurance, we present case studies that illustrate possible applications in substantive and methodological research.},
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta and Powałko, Przemek},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511 ; 10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.2150 ; 10.4232/1.13161 ; 10.4232/ 1.3190 ; 10.4232/1.10919 ; 10.4232/1.10929 ; 10.4232/1.10937 ; 10.4232/1.10961 ; 10.4232/1.13393},
  doi = {10.1080/2474736X.2022.2048957},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA2150 v1.0.0 ; ZA4950 v2.3.0 ; ZA3190 v1.0.0 ; ZA2828 v1.0.1 ; ZA2959 v1.0.1 ; ZA3387 v1.1.0 ; ZA4056 v1.0.1 ; ZA7576 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Political Research Exchange},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP1998 ; EB44.2bis ; EB48.0 ; EB54.1 ; EB61 ; EB91.5},
  title = {The Political Parties Crosswalk for mapping party codes in cross-national surveys to Party Facts IDs},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/2474736X.2022.2048957},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{parkkinen2023uskonnottomien,
  address = {Helsinki},
  author = {Parkkinen, Tiina Mari Anneli and Taira, Teemu},
  booktitle = {Millenniaalien kirkko: Kulttuuriset muutokset ja kristillinen usko},
  editor = {Mikkola, Sini and Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4950 ; ZA7570 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {229-255},
  publisher = {Kirkon tutkimus ja koulutus},
  series = {Suomen ev.-lut. kirkon tutkimusjulkaisuja},
  study-id = {ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Uskonnottomien helsinkiläismillenniaalien uskontosuhde},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10138/354991},
  volume = 139,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{symon2021mission,
  abstract = {The paper is derived from a larger research project, based on in-depth interviews with preliminarily Czech missionaries to former Yugoslavia countries, and complementary sources, performed during 2018 and 2019. The focus is on Czech long-term Protestant mission workers with Slavs in former Yugoslavia countries since 1989. This study aims to investigate how could certain elements of ethno-religious identity inform mission reflection and practice. Furthermore, I would like to explore an option of a twofold mission, or mission in two directions, for Czechs and for former Yugoslavs.},
  author = {Symon, David},
  eventdate = {23.02.-25.02.2021},
  eventtitle = {Central and Eastern European Association for Mission Studies conference, 24th February 2021},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-22},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Mission in Two Directions: Missiological Implications of Religious Identity in Czechia and in Former Yugoslavia Countries},
  url = {https://ceeams.org/2021/01/13/ceeams-ac-2021-draft-program/},
  year = 2021
}

@article{niv2023liberaldemocratic,
  abstract = {In recent decades, the discipline of bioethics has grown rapidly, as has the practice of ethical consultation. Interestingly, this new recognition of the relevance of moral philosophy to our daily life has been accompanied by skepticism among philosophers regarding the existence of moral expertise or the benefits of philosophical training. In his recent article in Bioethics, William R. Smith suggested that this skepticism is rooted in philosophers' belief that moral expertise is inconsistent with liberal–democratic values, when in fact they are compatible. In this paper, we provide a unique opportunity to empirically examine Smith's observation by utilizing and extending global data on philosophers' beliefs about moral expertise, involving 4087 philosophers from 96 countries. Our findings support Smith's theoretical observation and show that societal levels of support for liberal–democratic values are associated with greater skepticism about moral expertise. We suggest that these findings might be explained by the cognitive process of motivated reasoning and an invalid inference of “is” from “ought.” Consequently, the potential tension between moral expertise and liberal–democratic values is invalidly used for rejecting the existence of moral expertise, while its main and valid implication is for how moral expertise should be applied in liberal–democratic settings.},
  author = {Niv, Yarden and Sulitzeanu-Kenan, Raanan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.1111/bioe.13171},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {02699702},
  journal = {Bioethics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {551-563},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Liberal–democratic values and philosophers' beliefs about moral expertise},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13171},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2023
}

@book{wurthmann2022wertorientierungen,
  abstract = {"In diesem Open-Access-Buch untersucht L. Constantin Wurthmann die sehr enge Beziehung zwischen Wertorientierungen und Wahlverhalten. Obwohl Wertorientierungen und gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen im Speziellen zu den zentralsten Konzepten empirischer Sozialforschung gehören, wurde ihre Wirkungsweise im Wahlverhalten bisweilen stiefmütterlich behandelt. Die vorliegende Studie entwickelt einen Vorschlag zur konzeptionellen Erfassung gesellschaftlicher Wertorientierungen und deren Einfluss auf das Wahlverhalten der bundesdeutschen Bevölkerung, welcher anschließend mit Daten der German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) für die Bundestagswahlen 2009, 2013 und 2017 überprüft wird. Dabei lassen sich strukturelle Veränderungen gesellschaftlicher Wertorientierungen in den Wählerschaften deutscher Parteien nachweisen." Die Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 2010, 2012 und 2014 werden in diesem Buch als Hauptdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date = {12. Fassung, Dezember 2022},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 37. Fassung, Dezember 2022},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Wurthmann, Constantin},
  availability = {22.12.2022},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10760 ; 10.4232/1.11753 ; 10.4232/1.13141 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13511 ; 10.4232/1.13235 ; 10.4232/1.13229 ; 10.4232/1.13232},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-38456-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4610 v1.1.0 ; ZA4614 v1.1.1 ; ZA5240 v2.2.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0 ; ZA6801 v4.0.1 ; ZA5301 v4.0.2 ; ZA5701 v3.0.1},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  series = {Wahlen und politische Einstellungen},
  study-id = {ALLBUS2010 ; ALLBUS2012 ; ALLBUS2014 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; Nachwahl-Querschnitt 2017 (ZA6801) ; Nachwahl-Querschnitt 2009 (ZA5301) ; Nachwahl-Querschnitt 2013 (ZA5701)},
  title = {Wertorientierungen und Wahlverhalten: Effekte gesellschaftlicher Wertorientierungen bei den Bundestagswahlen 2009 - 2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38456-2},
  year = 2022
}

@article{shkurova2022magical,
  abstract = {The article is devoted to analysing the peculiarities of religious beliefs in Belarus. A brief overview of the adherence of confessions’ representatives to religious ideas is given. The specificity of the perception of the confessional truths by various categories of the religious population is analysed. In the process of analysis, the ratio of magic and mysticism in the context of the religious system is touched upon. А hypothesis that confessional affiliation does not exclude a tendency to magical  ideas is built within the framework of the article, and a conclusion about the features of the construction and reproduction of magical and religious thinking is made.},
  author = {Shkurova, Alena V. and Reut, Elizaveta V.},
  journal = {Journal of the Belarusian State University. Philosophy and Psychology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {38-48},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Магические и религиозные представления в конфессиональном поле современного белорусского общества (Magical and religious representations in the confessional field of modern Belarusian society)},
  url = {https://journals.bsu.by/index.php/philosophy/article/view/4887},
  volume = 2022,
  year = 2022
}

@article{rubolino2023enforcement,
  abstract = {In contexts with weak enforcement, the threat of tax evasion may constrain policy makers’ power to set tax policies optimally. This paper studies whether stricter tax enforcement affects the tax schedule set by local governments. I take advantage of an Italian policy that generated cross-municipality variation in the scope for tackling income and property tax evasion through stricter tax enforcement. Combining an event-study design with municipality-level panel data on statutory tax rates, I show that stricter tax enforcement tips the balance in favor of higher marginal tax rates for middle and top incomes, while the poor benefit of a lower marginal tax rate. The tax hike is larger in places with higher pre-program inequality and where intrinsic tax compliance attitudes are weaker. As a result of higher tax revenue, municipalities hire more workers and raise public spending. These results suggest that tax enforcement policies have not only the power to foster tax capacity, but also to enhance the ability to pursue redistributive policies.},
  author = {Rubolino, Enrico},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104833},
  issn = {00472727},
  journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-20},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Does weak enforcement deter tax progressivity?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104833},
  volume = 219,
  year = 2023
}

@article{alexandrova2022social,
  abstract = {The article is an attempt to address and link the issues of public opinion and political development in Bulgaria in recent decades. The research efforts are aimed at highlighting the peculiar transition from socialism through pluralism to populism, where the meaningful participation of public opinion is equal and proportional to political representation. Public opinion is predominantly formed under the pressure of media, but also political (dis)information, in conditions of prolonged crisis of trust in institutions and low efficiency of communication with them, lack of sustainable authorities, underdeveloped political and civic culture, low levels of self-confidence and the sense of having lost the ability to influence the course of public issues and the making of decisions. The formation of Bulgarian public attitudes largely depends on the impact of deficits in the public sphere, the defects of the educational system in terms of building political and civic culture, lack of critical thinking and education, and the internalization of conformist and authoritarian practices in society.},
  author = {Alexandrova, Svetlana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Philosophical Alternatives Journal / Filosofski Alternativi},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {124-138},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Социална среда, обществени нагласи и политически процес: българският контекст (Social Environment, Public Attitudes, and Political Process: The Bulgarian Context)},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1055263},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2022
}

@article{cannito2022socializzazione,
  abstract = {Elias extensively studied the socialization process through figurations. However, he never explored specifically gender socialization and gender relations. Integrating the eliasian perspective with the one of Connell about configurations of gender practices, the paper investigates what are the characteristics of the gender socialization process in Italian families and the relationship between family figurations and the configurations of gender practices. We used both quantitative data, collected through the European Values Study survey, and 197 qualitative interviews with the members (parents and children of different genders) of 48 Italian families. The quantitative data depict a country still traditional in terms of gender attitudes, even if with significant differences between generations, while the qualitative ones show a more nuanced picture. Indeed, parents and children share an egalitarian vision of gender roles, but gender practices both inside and outside home continue to be differentiated for men and women, especially between mothers and fathers. Every eliasian figuration inside families, then, is based on asymmetrical configurations of practices of gender. In this way, the socialization process to gender, thanks to the civilization process between parents and children, tends to reproduce familiar figurations that are intimately gendered and asymmetrical and that are not problematized nor by sons nor by daughters.},
  author = {Cannito, Maddalena and Falzea, Luca and Torrioni, Paola Maria},
  doi = {10.4000/qds.4986},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {24215848},
  journal = {Quaderni di Sociologia},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {89-XLVI},
  pages = {109-131},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {La socializzazione al genere nelle famiglie italiane: figurazioni e pratiche (Gender socialisation among Italian families: figurations and practices)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.4986},
  year = 2022
}

@book{lelaurain2022violence,
  abstract = {Comment la violence conjugale peut-elle perdurer dans une société qui repose sur un principe d’égalité entre les sexes et produit une législation la condamnant ? Qu’est-ce qui, dans notre contexte culturel et nos mentalités, maintient ces violences malgré la prolifération des discours progressistes? Solveig Lelaurain et David Fonte répondent à ces questions à travers quatre enquêtes qui contextualisent la violence conjugale dans un ensemble de normes et de valeurs patriarcales. Ces enquêtes explorent les représentations sociales les plus communes de ce phénomène en vue de mieux comprendre son acceptation et ses conséquences pour les victimes. Première contribution en langue française à théoriser la violence conjugale depuis la perspective d’une psychologie féministe, cet ouvrage déconstruit les discours psychologisants portés sur les victimes et les agresseurs, mais aussi les idéaux romantiques et les grandes illusions véhiculées par le modèle de la famille hétéronormative. Un point de vue inédit sur un phénomène qu’il est urgent de mieux comprendre.},
  address = {Brussels},
  author = {Lelaurain, Solveig and Fonte, David},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Éditions Mardaga},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {La violence conjugale, entre vécu et légitimation patriarcale: Contribution pour une psychologie féministe},
  year = 2022
}

@article{graf2024public,
  abstract = {Blood donors are indispensable for enabling a myriad of medical procedures and treatments. We examined how public trust in the healthcare system and healthcare quality relate to individuals? likelihood of donating blood, using survey data from representative samples of 28 European countries (N = 27,868). Our preregistered analyses revealed that country-level public trust, but not healthcare quality, predicted individual propensity to donate blood. Notably, public trust decreased over time in many countries, while healthcare quality increased. Our results highlight the role of subjective perceptions of the healthcare system, rather than the objective state of healthcare, for blood donation behavior in Europe.},
  author = {Graf, Caroline and Suanet, Bianca and Wiepking, Pamala and Merz, Eva-Maria},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736 ; 10.4232/1.12999},
  doi = {10.1177/13591053231175809},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0 ; ZA5931 v3.0.0},
  issn = {13591053},
  journal = {Journal of Health Psychology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {3-14},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; EB82.2},
  title = {How public trust and healthcare quality relate to blood donation behavior: Cross-cultural evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053231175809},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2024
}

@article{prati2023relationship,
  author = {Prati, Gabriele},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.1007/s11482-023-10200-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {18712576},
  journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {2605–2618},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {The Relationship Between Democracy and Subjective Well-Being as a Function of Anti-Democratic Attitudes: a Multilevel Analysis of 78 Countries Worldwide},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-023-10200-0},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{brechon2022quelle,
  abstract = {Comment les grandes enquêtes internationales de sciences sociales (EVS, ESS, ISSP, enquêtes électorales) nomment-elles le religieux? Nomination des appartenances, du sentiment d'être religieux ou non religieux, du sentiment d'être spirituel plutôt que religieux, des pratiques (assistance au culte, prière), des croyances en Dieu, des croyances en un monde surnaturel (vie après la mort, ciel enfer, réincarnation), du religieux populaire et de la mystique ésotérique.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Comment nommer le religieux ? Enjeux confessionnels, politiques et savants: Colloque de l’AFSR 2022},
  editor = {{Association française de sciences sociales des religions}},
  eventdate = {20.06.-21.06.2022},
  eventtitle = {Colloque de l’AFSR 2022},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro french inproceedings},
  language = {french},
  pages = {1-16},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Quelle nomination du religieux et du non religieux dans les sondages d’opinion?},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03780193/},
  year = 2022
}

@book{norris2022praise,
  abstract = {A culture of trust is usually claimed to have many public benefits--by lubricating markets, managing organizations, legitimating governments, and facilitating collective action. Any signs of its decline are, and should be, a matter of serious concern. Yet, In Praise of Skepticism recognizesthat trust has two faces. Confidence in anti-vax theories has weakened herd immunity. Faith in Q-Anon conspiracy theories triggered insurrection. Disasters flow from gullible beliefs in fake Covid-19 cures, Madoff pyramid schemes, Russian claims of Ukrainian Nazis, and the Big Lie denying PresidentBiden's legitimate election.Trustworthiness involves an informal social contract by which principals authorize agents to act on their behalf in the expectation that they will fulfill their responsibilities with competency, integrity, and impartiality, despite conditions of risk and uncertainty. Skeptical judgments reflectreasonably accurate and informed predictions about agents' future actions based on their past performance and guardrails deterring dishonesty, mendacity, and corruption. We should trust but verify. Unfortunately, assessments are commonly flawed. Both cynical beliefs (underestimating performance) andcredulous faith (over-estimating performance) involve erroneous judgements reflecting cultural biases, poor cognitive skills, and information echo chambers. These conclusions draw on new evidence from the European Values Survey/World Values Survey conducted among over 650,000 respondents in morethan 100 societies over four decades.In Praise of Skepticism warns that an excess of credulous trust poses serious and hitherto unrecognized risks in a world full of seductive demagogues playing on our insecurities, lying swindlers exploiting our greed, and silver-tongued conspiracy theorists manipulating our darkest fears.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Norris, Pippa},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780197530108.001.0001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  isbn = {9780197530108},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {In Praise of Skepticism: Trust But Verify},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530108.001.0001},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{ramet2022czech,
  abstract = {The Czech Republic is a remarkable country. In the 2021 Democracy Index published by The Economist, the Czech Republic is ranked in 31st place, as a “flawed democracy,” behind 25th-place USA but ahead of 47th-place Slovakia. Among the 14 post-communist states of Central and Southeastern Europe plus Estonia, the Czech Republic is the second most urbanized (74.2% in 2021 vs. 76% in Bulgaria), the third least corrupt in 2020 (after Slovenia and Poland), and having the smallest proportion of persons below the poverty line, according to the latest Figs. (10.1% in 2018, with Slovakia in second place with 11.9%).},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Ramet, Sabrina P.},
  booktitle = {Civic and Uncivic Values in the Czech Republic: Value Transformation, Politics, Education, and Gender Equality},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-91225-3_1},
  editor = {Ramet, Sabrina P. and Ðorđević, Vladimir and Hassenstab, Christine M.},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {3-23},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Czech Republic: A Flawed Democracy – An Introduction},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91225-3_1},
  year = 2022
}

@book{lacroix2022jeunes,
  abstract = {Au-delà des discours entendus en termes de crise de vocation des jeunes citoyens à la politique conventionnelle, cet ouvrage rend compte, à travers une enquête statistique et qualitative inédite, des parcours biographiques de jeunes maires, de la socialisation politique acquise au cours de l’enfance jusqu’aux premiers faits d’arme et à l’exercice du mandat. À un âge de la vie marqué par une instabilité statutaire et par de nouvelles obligations dans le domaine familial ou professionnel, l’enquête réalisée souligne la difficile conciliation entre les différentes sphères de vie du jeune élu, ce qui contribue à accroître les principes de sélection sociale et les inégalités de genre, de classe et d’origine dans l’accès à cette fonction. Elle ouvre également des perspectives sur le statut de l’élu, l’accès à la formation et les indemnités de fonction pour impulser le nécessaire renouvellement générationnel de l’accès à la démocratie représentative et favoriser la recherche d’une plus grande diversité des profils dans la participation des citoyens à la décision politique.},
  address = {Lille},
  author = {Lacroix, Isabelle and Lardeux, Laurent},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires du Septentrion},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Jeunes et déjà maires: Le prix de l’engagement dans la politique municipale},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{popovski2022gender,
  abstract = {The paper presents results from a research of the gender role attitudes in Macedonian sociocultural context. The research relies on data collected as part of the last wave of the European Values Study (EVS) that was carried out by a national team of researchers from the Survey Research Centre, at the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje, between December 2018 and March 2019. For this survey, 1,117 citizens of Macedonia were interviewed in their homes. Gender role attitudes of the participants are determined on the basis of the degree to which they agree or disagree with a number of statements concerning the activities and the responsibilities that men and women should have in the family, the effects of women’s employment, and what kind of activities are considered as more suited to men rather than to women. The frequency and intensity of the attitudes and their correlation to certain socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents were assessed. The results reveal that there are significant variations in the attitudes of Macedonians, yet, they generally point to a gradual replacement of traditional gender ideology to more modern ones.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Popovski, Mihajlo and Petkovska, Antoanela and Trajkovski, Ilo and Minoski, Konstantin},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {462-473},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Gender Role Attitudes in the Macedonian Sociocultural Context},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@book{cremer2023godless,
  abstract = {This book postulates that the rise of right-wing populism in the West and its references to religion are less driven by a resurgence of religious fervour, than by the emergence of a new secular identity politics. Based on exclusive interviews with 116 populist leaders, key policy makers and faith leaders in the USA, Germany, and France, it shows how right-wing populists use Christianity as a cultural identity marker of the 'pure people' against external 'others' while often remaining disconnected from Christian values, beliefs, and institutions. However, right-wing populists' willingness and ability to employ religion in this way critically depends on the actions of mainstream party politicians and faith leaders. They can either legitimise right-wing populists' identitarian use of religion or challenge it, thereby cultivating 'religious immunity' against populist appeals. As the populist wave breaks across the West, a new debate about the role of religion in society has begun.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Cremer, Tobias},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Godless Crusade: Religion, Populism and Right-Wing Identity Politics in the West},
  year = 2023
}

@article{carriero2021state,
  abstract = {The article investigates whether and how Italians’ attitudes towards the role of the state and the market have changed between 1990 and 2020. Specifically, it will investigate two sets of opposite attitudes: individualism versus collectivism, and free market liberalism versus statism. Two opposing macro hypotheses are considered. The first is that Italian citizens adopt attitudes that are in line with policy trends (policy feedback), while the second is that there is a tendency to develop a compensatory reaction (thermostat effect). In fact, the regulation of Italian capitalism has seen important changes in the last thirty years in Italy. Economic and social policies have undergone reform processes in the direction of deregulation and privatization. Moreover, the article seeks to understand whether and to what extent belonging to a given social class influences these attitudes. The findings show that the influence of class has continued to be significant over the period, though it has weakened overall as a result of convergence towards collectivist-statist values. This trend can be interpreted as reflecting a thermostat effect.},
  author = {Carriero, Renzo and Filandri, Marianna},
  doi = {10.4000/qds.4782},
  journal = {Quaderni di sociologia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 45,
  pages = {111-133},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {State or market? Italians’ attitudes and the role of social class in the last thirty years},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.4782},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{moors2022living,
  abstract = {Using data from the 1990 and 2017 European Values Studies, this study investigates the link between values and living arrangements among young adults from France, Germany and the Netherlands. Researching the diversity in transitions between living arrangements of young adults gained momentum in the 1990s. The logic to link these transitions to values can be traced back to the Second Demographic Transition argument that states that demographic transitions follow generational changes in values that reflect increasing orientations to autonomy. Almost thirty years later, we are able to update this research by looking to what extent today’s generation of young adults – which is in fact the generation of children of the young adults in 1999 – compare with their parents as far as the values profiles of living arrangements is concerned. The results show that to a large extent, the values profiles of living arrangements are similar across the two generations of young adults or even became more articulated when values were related to topics that can be linked to the religious sphere.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Moors, Guy},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {264-281},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Living Arrangement and Values of Young Adults in 1990 and 2017: Bridging Generations},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{blagojevic2020dynamics,
  abstract = {In an overview manner the authors keep a close watch on the general socio-political conditions in Serbia in their long-term perspective, incorporating into this framework the results of research on the relationship of people with religion and the Church - in other words, their religiosity. They use two methodological approaches: historical and sociological analysis, and experimental results on indicators of religiosity, or people's attachment to the Eastern Orthodox religion and the Eastern Orthodox Church in Serbia. Composition of the article: after introducing and choosing a methodological approach, the authors analyze people's attachment to religion and the Church in various social systems over time, describing the religious structure. In the first phase, before World War II, the religious structure is described as stable with a Pro-Orthodox consensus and without problematic issues. In the second phase, after World War II - as a destabilized religious structure with an emphasis on the process of atheization. In the third phase, in the early 90s of the last century - as a (re)stabilized religious structure in the process of desecularization of Serbian society. Finally, at the present time - as a restored religious structure, established during the 90s. The article promotes a sociological approach to spiritual and socio-psychological phenomena, with all the disadvantages of this approach in relation to the study of the phenomena of religion and religiosity.},
  author = {Blagojevic, Mirko and Bakrac, Vladimir},
  doi = {10.18413/2408-9338-2020-6-3-0-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Research Result: Sociology and Management},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {77-90},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Dynamics of people's attachment to the (orthodox) religion and the church in Serbia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18413/2408-9338-2020-6-3-0-5},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2020
}

@article{racila2021fenomenul,
  abstract = {When we talk about human nature and its origin, we start at the same time with the concept of family. The living history of humanity, under its biological, psychological, socio-cultural, economic and political dimensions, belongs to the family, the coexistence of man and woman, the relations between them, the relations with children. The family has proven to be one of the oldest and most stable forms of human community, the one that ensures the perpetuation of the human species, the evolution and continuity of social life, and the history of family evolution is nothing but the history of development and changes in marital roles. Family dissolution or divorce is a complex psychosocial phenomenon that in its final form results in the dissolution of marriages. This can break when immature people want to run away from responsibility, but sometimes separated and divorced are attempts to escape from a destructive and painful relationship. The Christian vision on this subject requires a careful, deep and complex approach, given the biological, social, psychological and spiritual implications.},
  author = {Răcilă, Ion–Lucian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  journal = {Jurnalul Libertății de Conștiință},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {358-379},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Fenomenul divorțialității în contextul naturii umane – scurte considerații sociologice din perspectivă creștină (The Phenomenon of Divorce in the context of Human Nature – Short Sociological Considerations from a Christian Perspective)},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1039648},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2021
}

@article{hess2023norms,
  abstract = {Objective: We explore gender differences in support of the norm that children must provide care for their parents. Background: Society's values and norms play a crucial role in deciding whether to provide family care. We investigate these values and norms on family care by analyzing which individual and country level factors affect them. Method: We use data from the European Values Study wave 5 and multilevel regression techniques. The question, "Adult children have the duty to provide long-term care for their parents", serves as our dependent variable. The explanatory variables at the individual level are gender and further socio-demographic variables. At the country level, we include expenditures on health care, and the female labor force participation rate. Results: The results show that women, as well as those living in countries with high expenditure on health care and high female labor force participation rates, are less supportive of the norm that children have an obligation to provide care for their parents. Furthermore, the gender effect is stronger in countries with a higher female labor force participation rate. Conclusion: Norms and values on family care are not fixed and can change, as suggested by the differences between countries. They are also not shared by all social groups equally, as the differences between women and men and along other socio-demographics show.},
  author = {Hess, Moritz and Schmitz, Wiebke and Naegele, Laura and Stiemke, Philipp},
  doi = {10.20377/jfr-854},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Journal of Family Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {196-211},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {You will take care of me when I am old: Norms on children's caregiver obligations - An analysis with data from the European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-854},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2023
}

@book{miller2023nation,
  abstract = {Between 1780 and 1918, over one million petitions from across the four nations were sent to the House of Commons. A Nation of Petitioners is the first study of this nineteenth-century heyday of petitioning in the United Kingdom. It explores how ordinary men and women engaged with politics in an era of democratisation, but not democracy, and restores their voices and actions to the story of UK political culture. Drawing on more than a million petitions, as well as archives of leading politicians, institutions, and pressure groups, Henry J. Miller demonstrates the centrality of petitions and petitioning to mass campaigning, representation, collective action, and forging collective identities at the local and national level. From the early nineteenth century, the massive growth of petitions underpinned and reshaped the popular authority of the UK state, including Parliament, the monarchy, and government. Challenging accounts that have stressed disciplinary or exclusionary processes in the evolution of popular politics, A Nation of Petitioners conclusively establishes the importance of the mass participation of ordinary people through petitions.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Miller, Henry J.},
  doi = {10.1017/9781009053631},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981},
  title = {A Nation of Petitioners: Petitions and Petitioning in the United Kingdom, 1780–1918},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009053631},
  year = 2023
}

@article{bulliniorlandi2022religiosity,
  abstract = {Previous research on religion and economic phenomena has suggested that religious attitudes are related to risk aversion. Moreover, risk attitudes play a significant role in the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations. However, the role of religiosity in technology-related phenomena is still relatively unexplored. The present study fills this gap and investigates the impact of religiosity on the acceptance of innovative technologies and products in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we frame COVID-19 vaccines as new products based on innovative production technologies and show that their acceptance by the general public is negatively associated with country-level religiosity. Furthermore, we investigate the role of religious leaders in endorsing COVID-19 vaccines to their followers. Our hypotheses are empirically tested on 1179 weekly observations of vaccination rates in 22 European countries characterised by different levels of religiosity. The results suggest that religiosity is negatively associated with vaccine rates after controlling for country-level social and economic factors. Conversely, the countries where Roman Catholics are the majority religious group display a positive association between religiosity and vaccine rates, highlighting the role of leaders in endorsing the COVID-19 vaccination campaign.},
  author = {Bullini Orlandi, Ludovico and Febo, Valentina and Perdichizzi, Salvatore},
  doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122032},
  issn = {00401625},
  journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {The role of religiosity in product and technology acceptance: Evidence from COVID-19 vaccines},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122032},
  volume = 185,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{pavolini2021following,
  address = {Ithaca},
  author = {Pavolini, Emmanuele and Scalise, Gemma},
  booktitle = {Mediterranean Capitalism Revisited : One Model, Different Trajectories},
  doi = {10.1515/9781501761096-007},
  editor = {Burroni, Luigi and Pavolini, Emmanuele and Regini, Marino},
  isbn = {9781501761072},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {91-114},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  series = {Cornell Studies in Political Economy},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Following Different Paths of Modernization. The Changing Sociocultural Basis of Southern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501761096-007},
  year = 2021
}

@article{tormos2023patterns,
  abstract = {Introduction: The public's justifiability of euthanasia has increased as more countries have adopted laws permitting a range of end-of-life practices. Despite this trend, there is a dearth of longitudinal and comparative studies investigating attitudes toward euthanasia. Consequently, it remains unclear whether this rise in justifiability is a period-specific trend or generational change. Methods: We analyzed data from the European and World Values Survey from 1981 to 2021 to examine period variations, between-cohort differences, and within-cohort changes across 35 affluent countries. This analysis was conducted using dynamic comparative multilevel regression and a comparative version of the cross-classified random effects regressions. Results: Our descriptive results supported our hypotheses, indicating an increase in euthanasia's justifiability in virtually all surveyed countries, with both overall and within-cohort changes gravitating toward higher degrees of justifiability. Furthermore, newer periods and younger cohorts were found to be more permissive than their older counterparts. These consistent increases in the justifiability of euthanasia were verified by the multilevel models. Discussion: Our results were in line with modernization theory, observing a gradual change in attitudes between cohorts due to generational replacement. However, we also identified intra-cohort changes related to the processes of human development across various countries. Some robustness checks produced ambiguous results in distinguishing period and cohort effects, yet the combination of these components aligns with substantive theory. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a more complex pattern of change than predicted by the impressionable years model, a leading approach in political socialization research. This study contributes significantly to our understanding of evolving attitudes toward euthanasia, bridging the gap in longitudinal and comparative studies on the subject.},
  author = {Tormos, Raül and Rudnev, Maksim and Bartolomé Peral, Edurne},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2023.1036447},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {26733145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Patterns of change in the justifiability of euthanasia across OECD countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1036447},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2023
}

@article{keskinturk2022organization,
  abstract = {Studies on mass opinion conceptualize political ideology as an interrelated network of attitudes, beliefs and values. Using the joint dataset of European Values Study and World Values Survey collected between 2017 and 2020, I ask whether the organization of political ideology depends on the structure of political field. Consistent with the theories of social constraint, I find that in countries with high institutionalization of political parties, the organization of political opinions is more likely to be dense and consolidated. These patterns are robust to a variety of predictors between countries and the results are not sensitive to sampling variability or item selection.},
  author = {Keskintürk, Turgut},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102742},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {0049089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-29},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {The organization of political belief networks: A cross-country analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102742},
  volume = 107,
  year = 2022
}

@article{kaasa2022different,
  abstract = {There is a need for a simple and graspable model of culture covering the main cultural differences across modern nations. A two-dimensional model might be a reasonable choice. We analyzed data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study to test whether different two-dimensional models are factor rotations of each other. We took into account criticisms regarding the choice of items in Inglehart?s analysis of the same data source. Nevertheless, we replicated his dimensions. By means of factor rotation by various angles we aligned our dimensions and those of Inglehart with other previously published sets of dimensions. Thus, although different studies seem to have produced different two-dimensional solutions depending on the study design, those solutions are actually related to each other. There is no right or wrong placement of axes?they describe the same relationships between cultural elements. By showing the positions of various sets of cultural dimensions relative to each other, this study adds another viewpoint that can help researchers make sense of the huge variety of cultural dimensions in the literature.},
  author = {Kaasa, Anneli and Minkov, Michael},
  doi = {10.1177/00220221211072790},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {00220221},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {127-156},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Are Different Two-Dimensional Models of Culture Just a Matter of Different Rotations? Evidence From the Analysis Based on the WVS/EVS},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221211072790},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2022
}

@article{donovan2023measuring,
  abstract = {Studies of support for radical-right populist (RRP) parties find the parties generally receive more support from men than women. This note re-examines the persistent RRP gender gap and explains variation in the gap with country and party-level characteristics. It provides two measures of the gap at the party/country level, and offers hypotheses about where it may be higher or lower. These are tested with over 200 observations of support for 32 European RRP parties from surveys conducted between 2001 and 2019. The gender gap is expected to be lower where there is less gender equality as this may correspond with a reduced likelihood of men perceiving a gender threat. The gap is found to be lower in Western European countries with less gender equality, in countries where a larger proportion of the population are Catholic, and the gap is lower for larger RRP parties.},
  author = {Donovan, Todd},
  doi = {10.1080/01402382.2022.2034091},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {01402382},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {255-264},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Measuring and predicting the radical-right gender gap},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2022.2034091},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{iyer2020religion,
  abstract = {Does religion contribute to mental health and well-being? If so, is this link universal? This chapter reviews the interdisciplinary literature on religion and mental health. While a large number of cross-sectional studies document a positive effect of religiosity and religious practices on mental health, stress coping, and life satisfaction, few causal investigations of this relationship have been conducted. Furthermore, the bulk of the research has focused on the North American context, leaving other continents and developing countries relatively less studied. There is therefore ample scope for economists expanding the research on religion and mental health across three dimensions: (i.) employing methods which attempt causal identification, (ii.) focusing on developing country contexts, and (iii.) focusing on a larger set of mental health indicators and on a wider spectrum of religious groups. This review includes three case studies of papers exemplifying the ways in which economists can contribute to the literature on religion and mental health.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Iyer, Sriya and Rosso, Giovanni},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_237-1},
  editor = {Zimmermann, K.F.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  isbn = {9783319573656},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-20},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2020},
  title = {Religion and Mental Health},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_237-1},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{fotev2022conflicts,
  abstract = {The values that function in today’s Europe have a twofold genealogy: a) fundamental values whose homeland is Europe; b) values imported from other cultures and civilizations. Heterogeneous values always give rise to latent or manifested tensions and conflicts, but they are the basis of European prosperity. Europe has been going through unprecedented turbulence for the last 3-4 decades. In such a context, there are sharp conflicts of values and it is difficult to strike a balance between unity and diversity. Social transformations are conditioned by a revaluation of values. Values perceived as positive are considered as a result of changes in negative (depreciated). Value reorientations are registered by EVS’s longitudinal data regarding family and marriage, in relation to new forms of family life (unmarried family), in relation to national and ethnic identity, relations between religious denominations, etc. Waves of immigrants test fundamental European values. The growing complexity raises tensions between the principles of democracy and the new meritocracy. In periods of turbulence, the need for knowledge about the real functioning values and the conflicts between them is exacerbated. EVS gives a positive answer to this need. People see what they know and it is crucial what and how they see the changing world.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Fotev, Georgy},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA7501},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {44-55},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Conflicts of European Values in Times of Turbulence},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{lomazzi2020lambientalismo,
  address = {Bologna},
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera},
  booktitle = {Come cambiano gli italiani. Valori e atteggiamenti dagli anni Ottanta a oggi},
  editor = {Biolcati, Ferrucci and Rovati, Giancarlo and Segatti, Paolo},
  isbn = {978-88-15-28748-9},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {171-182},
  publisher = {Il Mulino},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {L’ambientalismo ai tempi della crisi climatica},
  url = {https://aisberg.unibg.it/handle/10446/207708?mode=complete},
  year = 2020
}

@article{moon2022religious,
  abstract = {Sex differences in religiosity are cross-culturally common and robust, yet it is unclear why sex differences in some cultures are larger than in others. Although women are more religious than men in most countries, religions frequently provide asymmetrical benefits to men at the expense of women. Two global analyses (51 countries and 74 countries) found that country-level gender equality was consistently and negatively associated with religiousness (i.e. religious attendance, reported importance of God and frequency of prayer) for men, more than for women, leading to a larger sex difference in religiousness in more gender-equal countries. Results were especially robust for religious attendance, and hold accounting for country-level wealth, as well as individuals' religious affiliation, the moralization of sexuality, age and education level. We interpret results through a rational choice lens, which assumes that people are more drawn to religion when it is consistent with their reproductive goals.},
  author = {Moon, Jordan W. and Tratner, Adam E. and McDonald, Melissa M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1098/rspb.2021.2474},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1968,
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Men are less religious in more gender-equal countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.2474},
  volume = 289,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{oorschot2022conditionality,
  abstract = {Since the introduction of the ‘solidarity items’ in the European Values Study in 1999 and their subsequent analyses, it is a well-known fact in the field of welfare attitudes research that people differentiate in their solidarity towards vulnerable groups in their societies. The EVS items show that in all European countries, people are more solidaristic with elderly people and with people who are sick and disabled, than with unemployed people; solidarity with migrants is weakest. Although this solidarity rank-order is evident, less is known about the degree to which people make a difference between vulnerable groups at all. People who make less of a difference between various groups are less conditional in their solidarity, than people who make stronger differences. This chapter focuses on analyzing the degree of Dutch people’s solidarity conditionality over time (across three waves of the EVS: 1999, 2008, 2017), and on understanding its socio-structural and cultural determinants. We find that, as expected, conditionality was highest in 2008, corroborating the general idea that public solidarity is under strain in economically more critical time periods. Additionally, conditionality is higher among people who are more vulnerable economically, with less trust in society and its institutions, and with a more rightist political stance. },
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Oorschot, Wim van and Gielens, Erwin and Roosma, Femke},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {404-419},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Conditionality of Solidarity in The Netherlands: An Analysis of Three Waves of the European Values Study},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{lakomy2021individual,
  abstract = {A growing body of scholarship examines the social and personal benefits of volunteering across the life course. However, less is known about how this experience of volunteering varies across different national contexts and how the impact of volunteering is shaped by micro- and macro-conditions. This article utilizes a cross-national multilevel regression analysis of European Values Survey data to explore the benefits of volunteering for two distinct sets of aging populations in the EU: those identified as ?materialists? and ?postmaterialists.? It finds that a positive association between volunteering and one key indicator of quality of life (?control over life?) generally exists for postmaterialists, while it is more positive in countries with stronger familial norms among materialists. Hence, the role of volunteering in later life is not as uniform as suggested by the active aging approach.},
  author = {Lakomý, Martin},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152221088857},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {385-403},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Individual value orientation, social norms, and volunteering outcomes in later life},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152221088857},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2021
}

@article{brini2022culture,
  abstract = {Background: The relative importance of a cultural component in the gender division of unpaid labour is still debated. Objective: Drawing on the epidemiological approach to the study of culture, we investigate the cultural component of gender inequality by examining whether gender asymmetries in housework and childcare in families with a migrant background relate to gender equity in the country of origin. Methods: Through multilevel models based on microlevel data (Istat SCIF survey), we examine the extent to which the division of household labour between immigrant partners living in Italy relates to gender equity in their origin country, proxied by the Global Gender Gap Index. We further analyse the changing importance of gender equity in the country of origin at different lengths of stay in the destination country. Conclusions: Immigrants from more (less) gender-equal countries display greater (lower) equality in the division of routine housework and childcare activities. However, gender equity in the origin country loses its importance for couples living in the destination country for a longer time. These findings point to a significant contribution of culture of origin to gender inequality in the intra-couple division of unpaid labour. Yet nonnegligible differences exist between specific housework and childcare tasks and depending on the time spent in the hosting country. Contribution: Our study contributes to the literature on gender inequalities by providing new evidence on the relationship between culture of origin and the division of specific housework and childcare tasks in families with a migrant background.},
  author = {Brini, Elisa and Zamberlan, Anna and Barbieri, Paolo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2022.47.20},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {577-614},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Culture portability from origin to destination country: The gender division of domestic work among migrants in Italy},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2022.47.20},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2022
}

@article{williams2022voter,
  abstract = {Background: Research regarding party behavior has often be understood through one of two models, (1) the Downsian proximity model, which supposes parties will change positions in order to be most competitive, and (2) the issue salience model, which understands parties to emphasize issues on which it is more competitive. Objectives: This study produces a theoretical framework explaining why parties, specifically in a two-party system, emphasize one issue dimension over others. We argue that voter distributions differ across issue dimensions and take one of four general forms: (1) unimodal symmetrical, (2) bimodal symmetrical, (3) unimodal asymmetrical, and (4) bimodal asymmetrical. These distributions determine the nature of an issue dimension as approximating valence or positional. Combined with a party's issue ownership or positional advantage, this determines whether a party emphasizes an issue. An issue owner is expected to emphasize unimodal symmetrical issues, parties with positional advantage are expected to emphasize bimodal asymmetrical issues, and no party should emphasize a bimodal symmetrical issue. The decision to emphasize a unimodal asymmetrical issue is dependent upon whether the issue owner and the party with positional advantage are the same and the long-versus short-term electoral strategy of a party. Methods: Data to test this theoretical approach do not yet exist. This theoretical framework is designed to apply to a two-party system. In order to properly test the above expectations, we would need data regarding the distribution of voters along different issue dimensions, as well as the emphases placed on issues by parties. These data must be specific to a two-party system. Conclusion: This theory attempted to build a synthesized theory of party behavior based on the Downsian proximity model and the issue salience model. This theory helps explain what issues parties will seek to contest, and which issues become politicized. However, this framework can be extended to explain many questions regarding polarization, party behavior, electoral strategy and political contestation.},
  author = {Williams, Christopher J. and Ishiyama, John},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13094},
  doi = {10.1111/ssqu.13181},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7504 v1.0.0},
  issn = {00384941},
  journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1084-1100},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {How voter distributions, issue ownership, and position influence party emphasis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13181},
  volume = 103,
  year = 2022
}

@article{foa2023existential,
  abstract = {Introduction: The global coronavirus pandemic offers a quasi-experimental setting for understanding the impact of sudden exposure to heightened existential risk upon both individual and societal values. Methods: We examined the effect of the pandemic on political attitudes by comparing data from eight countries surveyed before and after the worldwide spread of COVID-19 in March 2020 with continuous weekly polling tracker data from the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2021. Multilevel models were used to explore the drivers of change, and the results indicated that reported emotions of fear and stress were positively associated with institutional approval during periods of greater pathogen risk. Results: Our findings revealed that support for political and technocratic authority, as well as satisfaction with political institutions, rose significantly above long-term historical baselines during the pandemic. Discussion: The results support the hypothesis that exposure to existential risk results in greater support for authority and that individual feelings of insecurity may be linked to less critical citizen orientations.},
  author = {Foa, Roberto Stefan and Welzel, Christian},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2023.1117550},
  issn = {26733145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study = {WVS/EVS 1995-2021},
  title = {Existential insecurity and deference to authority: the pandemic as a natural experiment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1117550},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{cautres2023france,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Cautrès, Bruno},
  booktitle = {Religious Voting in Western Democracies},
  editor = {Montero, José Ramón and Segatti, Paolo and Calvo, Kerman},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {316-340},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {France: The persisting relevance of religious voting},
  year = 2023
}

@article{massa2022investing,
  abstract = {We hypothesize that social trust, in mitigating contracting incompleteness, may have an important effect on the activeness and effectiveness of delegated portfolio management. Using a complete sample of worldwide open-end mutual funds, we find that trust is positively associated with the activeness of funds and that trust-related active share delivers superior performance (e.g., approximately 2% per year for cross-border investments). Moreover, “trust in the market” and “trust in managers” play important yet different roles for different types of cross-border delegated portfolio management. Our results suggest that trust acts as a fundamental building block for delegated portfolio management.},
  author = {Massa, Massimo and Wang, Chengwei and Zhang, Hong and Zhang, Jian},
  doi = {10.1017/S0022109020000848},
  issn = {00221090},
  journal = {Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {240-290},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Investing in Low-Trust Countries: On the Role of Social Trust in the Global Mutual Fund Industry},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109020000848},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2022
}

@article{supule2022westeuropean,
  abstract = {Social inequalities, cleavages caused by restrictions imposed by the government to reduce the Covid 19 pandemic, and the rise of political populism pose new questions regarding the values and value change in different societies. In this article the authors attempt to analyse cultural values, using the theoretical and methodological approach developed by R. Inglehart and colleagues, and locate the values of the Latvian people on two dimensions: secular-rational values vs. traditional values and survival values vs. self-expression values. The article provides a comparison of values in four countries: Latvia, Norway, Poland, and Great Britain. The analysis is based on the data from the fifth wave of the European Values Survey, which in Latvia, was carried out in 2021. The data analysis was performed within the project “Value (trans)formation in uncertain times: social cohesion and neoliberal ethos in Latvia” (Nr. lzp-2020/2-0068).},
  author = {Šūpule, Inese and Šķērstiņa, Rasa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.22364/rfr.33},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {19-41},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {West-European, East-European and Nordic Countries: Where Do Latvian Values Stand?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22364/rfr.33},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2022
}

@inproceedings{basa2022attitudes,
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to examine the similarities and differences in the attitudes of people living in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries towards work. In the introduction to the study, we briefly discuss the establishment of the Visegrad Group and the peculiarities of the labor market in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Our research was based on secondary data. We examined some questions of the European Values Survey related to the world of work and then compared the results in the four countries analyzed. The database contains a total of 6,109 responses from V4 countries. The hypotheses we formulated were tested using the Chi-square test in IBM SPSS statistical software. The country of the respondents was an independent variable in the analysis, and a dependent variable was the importance of work in people’s lives, agreement with three job-related statements, and people’s opinion about income equality. In the final chapter of the study, we summarize the conclusions drawn from the results.},
  address = {Hradec Králové},
  author = {Baša, Kamilla and Baša, Patrik},
  booktitle = {HED - Hradec Economic Days 2022},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.36689/uhk/hed/2022-01-005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Attitudes Towards Work in Visegrad Group Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2022-01-005},
  year = 2022
}

@article{horne2023generational,
  abstract = {In public opinion, social and digital media provide means for influence as well as sorting according to pre-existing values. Here we consider types of media usage versus opinion using new polling results in the former Soviet republics (FSRs) of Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia. Over 1000 individuals in each country were asked about a news event (the January 6 riot at the U.S. Capitol) and about the long-term future of their country. We find that year of birth and country of residence, rather than self-reported media reliance, consistently predicted the respondents’ views, particularly on the future of their country. The timing of these differences suggests a cultural difference between generations growing up in the Soviet Union (likely more pro-Russian) versus afterward, in an FSR (more pro-Western). Whereas digital media choice is somewhat correlated with perceptions of a recent, international news event, the more predictive factors are longer-term cultural values and age cohorts within each nation.},
  author = {Horne, Benjamin D. and Rice, Natalie M. and Luther, Catherine A. and Ruck, Damian J. and Borycz, Joshua and Allard, Suzie L. and Fitzgerald, Michael and Manaev, Oleg and Prins, Brandon C. and Taylor, Maureen and Bentley, R. Alexander},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1057/s41599-023-01670-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {26629992},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Generational effects of culture and digital media in former Soviet Republics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01670-6},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{borgoni2021attitudes,
  abstract = {This paper aims at investigating individuals' attitudes towards immigrants across European countries. In particular, we analyze how socio-demographic characteristics, altruism, and political preferences shape inclusive behavior towards immigrants. We use data from the European Value Study providing information at the individual level for 16 European countries, observed in 1999 and 2008. The results show relevant differences in individuals' attitudes across countries and a general tendency to be less inclusive in the more recent period.},
  address = {Mailand, Italien},
  author = {Borgoni, Riccardo and Carcagnì, Antonella and Michelangeli, Alessandra and Zaccagnini, Federica},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Data Science and Social Research},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-51222-4_7},
  editor = {Mariani, Paolo and Zenga, Mariangela},
  eventdate = {04.02.-05.02.2019},
  isbn = {978-3-030-51222-4},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {79-90},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  series = {Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Attitudes Towards Immigrant Inclusion: A Look at the Spatial Disparities Across European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51222-4_7},
  year = 2021
}

@article{molter2022influence,
  abstract = {The paper analyses the influence of culture and religiosity on corporate social responsibility (CSR) by assessing the three dimensions of the triple-bottom approach - economic, environmental, and social - via creating composite indicators out of the World Value Survey's relevant questions in each field. Austria and Taiwan, two very different countries in terms of economic development, religion, and cultural values, are compared. The analysis is based on the World Value Survey website; therefore, a comparison of the development of these factors over time is possible. Lastly, a correlation analysis regarding the influence of religiosity on each of those dimensions was applied. The correlation analysis resulted in a conclusion that does not follow previous studies. It suggests negative relationships in two out of three dimensions. While a positive correlation between religiosity and the economic dimension is observable in Austria, the correlation between environmental concerns and religiosity in Taiwan appears significant.},
  author = {Molter, Marius and Bobek, Vito and Justinek, Gorazd and Horvat, Tatjana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1504/IJHD.2022.127615},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {20492790},
  journal = {International Journal of Happiness and Development},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {203-221},
  study = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {The influence of religiosity and culture on the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of CSR: a comparative case study of Taiwan and Austria},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2022.127615},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{lysek2023obansk,
  address = {Prague},
  author = {Lysek, Jakub and Ryšavý, Dan},
  booktitle = {Fakta a trendy v současné české společnosti: Jak se neztratit v datech},
  editor = {Ryšavý, Dan and Fiedor, David},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {147-169},
  publisher = {Karolinum},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Občanská participace},
  year = 2023
}

@article{sealey2022voluntary,
  abstract = {The governments of the advanced industrial democracies have long provided public policies that redistribute income, and public support for such redistribution has varied across countries and over time. “Who is likely to support these egalitarian policies?” is a perennial question. This article investigates individuals’ participation in voluntary sector organizations (VSO) to understand the relationship between VSO participation and support for public policies aimed at reducing inequalities. We use five waves of the World Values Survey across 18 advanced industrial democracies to examine this relationship. Our findings suggest that, in aggregate, the impact of VSO participation negatively influences support for redistribution. This pattern of support changes significantly, however, when we consider the type of VSO, suggesting that VSO participation is not homogeneous. Individuals’ support for redistribution is conditioned by where their VSO participation happens.},
  author = {Sealey, Anthony and Handy, Femida},
  doi = {10.1177/08997640211057455},
  issn = {08997640},
  journal = {Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {370–396},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Voluntary Sector Participation and Support for Redistribution: Evidence From 18 Advanced Industrial Democracies (1990–2013)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640211057455},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2023
}

@article{white2022postsocialist,
  abstract = {The concept of migration culture is sometimes used to suggest that migration became normalised in particular sending locations. It is helpful however to explore the cultural context of migration more thoroughly, investigating norms and beliefs about how to ‘do’ migration. I analyse why cultures change, and how this links to broader changes in society. In some respects post-2014 Ukrainian migration to Poland and, for example, Polish migration pre-2004 are strikingly similar, for example regarding informal networks, and migration to finance children’s higher education. To some extent Ukrainian migration can be labelled ‘post-socialist.’ I argue however that it is also shaped by the specific 21st century context, such as enhanced opportunities for communication between migrants and potential migrants on social media and in receiving countries, as well as Ukrainians’ encounters in Poland with Polish return migrants. Hence Ukrainian mobility discourses and practices have to be studied transnationally, not just locally.},
  author = {White, Anne},
  doi = {10.26412/psr220.02},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {12311413},
  journal = {Polish Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {443-456},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Post-Socialist Mobility Cultures},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26412/psr220.02},
  volume = 220,
  year = 2022
}

@book{langsaether2023party,
  abstract = {This comprehensive and comparative book makes clear what party families are and, in doing so, helps categorise and make sense of parties in different countries. It describes the ideology of the families in Western Europe as well as classifying political parties accordingly. Furthermore, the book examines who the party families’ supporters are in terms of their social background and political values. What role do class, education, and religion play in the 21st century? Finally, the book provides a discussion of the degree to which the concept of party families is still meaningful in the 21st century and how it needs to be studied comparatively and comprehensively. Is party family still valid as a conceptual device to classify and compare parties across countries in Western Europe? This text will be of key interest to scholars, students, and practitioners working in the field of political behaviour, political parties and party politics, policy studies, and more broadly comparative and European politics.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Langsæther, Peter Egge},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.4324/9780429442728},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Party Families in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429442728},
  year = 2023
}

@article{plenkovic2022analysis,
  abstract = {Tolerance is one of the ideals of a democratic and pluralistic society. It is a way of behaving which allows others the freedom to express opinions with which we do not agree, and the right of others to live according to their principles different from ours. Recently Europe is faced with political challenges caused by mass immigration to European countries. In such circumstances, dilemmas arise regarding the possibility of maintaining the ideals of freedom and equality in European countries, which have become a melting pot of people of different nationalities, races, cultures, religions, and lifestyles. In this article, we used the results of the tolerance research in six European Mediterranean countries, conducted in 2017 as part of the European Values Study project. The objectives were to determine for each of the mentioned countries the level of tolerance or intolerance towards social groups in general, towards individual social groups, and differences between different socio-demographic groups of respondents concerning their level of tolerance or intolerance. The results show that Croatia, Italy, and Slovenia are the countries with the highest tolerance levels compared to the other countries. Also, members of the 'drug addicts' and the 'heavy drinkers' are considered the most problematic social groups in all six European Mediterranean countries. When it comes to gender, there is little difference in tolerance level. More educated and younger respondents have higher levels of tolerance.},
  author = {Plenković, Mateja and Ježovita, Josip},
  doi = {10.7906/indecs.20.6.1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {662-680},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Analysis of Tolerance in Six European Mediterranean Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.6.1},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2022
}

@book{capo2023entrepreneurial,
  abstract = {Considering language a relevant strategic instrument that entrepreneurs and managers can use to seek external resources, this book investigates and discusses whether and under which conditions language strategies can facilitate entrepreneurs’ social support and legitimation as well as access to external resources. This book systematically integrates language into the entrepreneurial finance literature and develops a new and more comprehensive framework that relates crowdfunding to language strategies. Therefore, readers will comprehend how language choices, frames and narratives influence companies’ ability to secure social and financial support, and therefore sustain the development of their venture. Overall, this book provides insights into how entrepreneurs can use language as a strategic tool for accessing resources and support from external stakeholders, thereby considering, alongside traditional economic approaches, institutional processes of meaning-making.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Capo, Francesca and Di Pietro, Francesca},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003349860},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Entrepreneurial Finance, Crowdfunding, and Language: From Social to Financial Support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003349860},
  year = 2023
}

@article{ladini2022ambiguity,
  abstract = {Since there has been a considerable increase in studies on attitudes toward immigrants in recent years, particular attention must be devoted to the survey instruments used to measure them. Since they first appeared, both the European Values Study and the World Values Study have included a battery of questions to measure social distance, asking which social groups respondents would not be willing to have as neighbors. One of these social groups is ‘immigrants/foreign workers.’ The wording of this item contains a certain degree of ambiguity, as the terms ‘immigrants’ and ‘foreign workers’ refer to two different social groups. Foreign workers are in fact a subcategory of immigrants. Our contribution sets out to assess the working of the item, using a survey experiment randomly assigning respondents three different formulations (‘immigrants/foreign workers’, ‘immigrants,’ and ‘foreign workers’). The data come from the Italian joint edition of the European Values Study-World Values Survey 2017. The results show that Italians perceive a much larger distance toward immigrants than toward foreign workers, which is nevertheless similar to the distance perceived toward ‘immigrants/foreign workers.’ Overall, the empirical evidence suggests the semantic prevalence of the item ‘immigrants’ over ‘foreign workers’ in respondents’ answers. In light of the results, we will discuss their implications for both data users and future values surveys.},
  author = {Ladini, Riccardo and Biolcati, Ferruccio},
  doi = {10.18148/srm/2023.v17i1.8016},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Survey Research Methods},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {63-74},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Ambiguity in the Item Wording, Ambiguity in the Respondents’ Comprehension?  An Experiment on the ‘Immigrants/Foreign Workers’ Social Distance Item in Values Surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2023.v17i1.8016},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2022
}

@article{luca2023progressive,
  abstract = {In contrast to the conservative values of rural populations, cities are often seen as bulwarks of more tolerant, liberal and progressive values. This urban–rural divide in values has become one of the major fault lines in Western democracies, underpinning major political events of the last decade, not least the election of Donald Trump. Yet, beyond a small number of countries, there is little evidence that cities really are more liberal than rural areas. Evolutionary modernisation theory suggests that socio-economic development may lead to the spread of progressive, self-expression values but provides little guidance on the role of cities in this process. Has an urban–rural split in values developed across the world? And does this gap depend on the economic development of a country? We answer these questions using a large cross-sectional dataset covering 66 countries. Despite the inherent challenges in identifying and operationalising a globally-consistent definition of what is ‘urban’, we show that there are marked and significant urban–rural differences in progressive values, defined as tolerant attitudes to immigration, gender rights and family life. These differences exist even when controlling for observable compositional effects, suggesting that cities do play a role in the spread of progressive values. Yet, these results only apply at higher levels of economic development suggesting that, for cities to leave behind rural areas in terms of liberal values, the satisfying of certain material needs is a prerequisite.},
  author = {Luca, Davide and Terrero-Davila, Javier and Stein, Jonas and Lee, Neil},
  doi = {10.1177/00420980221148388},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00420980},
  journal = {Urban Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {2329-2350},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Progressive cities: Urban–rural polarisation of social values and economic development around the world},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221148388},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2023
}

@article{mell2021early,
  abstract = {Social trust is at the center of democratic societies, but it varies considerably between individuals and cultures. Socioeconomic status has been identified as an important predictor of such variability. Although this association has mostly been reported for measures of socioeconomic status taken in adulthood, recent studies have found unique effects of harsh conditions experienced during childhood on social trust assessed decades later. Here, we report a series of three studies that provide further support for the importance of early childhood conditions in social trust. The first study revealed that higher childhood socioeconomic status was associated with greater social trust in a diverse sample of French participants (N = 915), even after adjusting for current socioeconomic status. The second study confirmed this result using data from the European Values Survey (N = 64,780, 45 countries). In both samples, our analyses revealed that adding childhood socioeconomic status significantly improved the fit of the model thereby providing suggestive evidence of the central role of this variable for explaining variations in social trust. Finally, the last study replicated this association using a behavioral measure of social trust (N = 60 in original study, N = 75 in replication study).},
  author = {Mell, Hugo and Safra, Lou and Demange, Perline and Algan, Yann and Baumard, Nicolas and Chevallier, Coralie},
  doi = {10.1111/pops.12756},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {0162895X},
  journal = {Political Psychology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Early Life Adversity Is Associated With Diminished Social Trust in Adults},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12756},
  year = 2021
}

@article{somogyi2023children,
  abstract = {During the first COVID-19-related lockdown in the spring of 2020, working parents of young children were in difficult situation when having to manage the multiple burdens. In the studied societies, unpaid household tasks are considered to be primarily female responsibilities, intensive mothering ideals are widespread, and the access to flexible-work arrangements is marginal. In present study, we demonstrate how the above characteristics, created a context, in which – despite the difficulties – participants could evaluate this period overall positively during the first lockdown. Fifty-two interviews were conducted with partnered Hungarian mothers living in Hungary and in Transylvania (Romania), in May–June 2020. Since the home-sphere became the main scene of life during the lockdown, women’s caregiving role has increased in worth. Performing it well provided them an increased wellbeing benefit, and it helped them to evaluate the lockdown period positively. They appreciated having the longed-for opportunity to telework, which enabled enacting intensive mothering in a better accordance with social expectations than before the pandemic.},
  author = {Somogyi, Nikolett and Nagy, Beáta and Geambașu, Réka and Gergely, Orsolya},
  doi = {10.1080/13229400.2022.2103017},
  issn = {13229400},
  journal = {Journal of Family Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1904-1922},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {‘The children, the family, the household, and myself, these made the quarantine up for me, and I was really happy with it’ – positive evaluations of the first COVID-19 lockdown among middle-class Hungarian mothers},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2022.2103017},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@article{lee2023deliberating,
  abstract = {Very few countries have managed to decouple economic growth from resource use and greenhouse gas emissions in absolute terms and at rates to meet the climate targets of the Paris Agreement. To achieve this, technological solutions would need to be combined with sufficiency-oriented policies in a postgrowth context. This paper develops policy ideas for a sustainable welfare–work nexus via citizen engagement and examines the level of democratic support for such ideas. Theoretically, it employs “sustainable welfare” to understand welfare and wellbeing within planetary and social limits. The paper first sketches the welfare–work nexus as developed in the postwar circumstances in Western Europe, highlighting that this model was at no point in time ecologically generalizable to the rest of the world, and then briefly reviews the existing debate on sustainable welfare. The empirical analyses start with qualitative data from 11 deliberative forums on sustainable needs satisfaction, with emphasis on policies targeted at respecting the upper and lower boundaries of a “safe and just operating space” for economic and social development. The qualitative data are then triangulated with quantitative data from a representative survey, which was constructed based on the policy suggestions from the forums, hence allowing for an exploration of their popularity in the Swedish population as a whole. We find a considerable gap between the far-reaching policy measures that forum participants consider necessary and the measures that the general public in Sweden are prepared to support, especially when it comes to policies targeting maximum levels of needs satisfaction.},
  author = {Lee, Jayeon and Koch, Max and Alkan-Olsson, Johanna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1007/s11615-023-00454-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {18622860},
  journal = {Politische Vierteljahresschrift},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {825–844},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Deliberating a Sustainable Welfare–Work Nexus},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00454-6},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2023
}

@article{borovecki2022attitudes,
  abstract = {There has been no in-depth research of public attitudes on withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment, euthanasia, assisted suicide and physician assisted suicide in Croatia. The aim of this study was to examine these attitudes and their correlation with sociodemographic characteristics, religion, political orientation, tolerance of personal choice, trust in physicians, health status, experiences with death and caring for the seriously ill, and attitudes towards death and dying.},
  author = {Borovecki, Ana and Curkovic, Marko and Nikodem, Krunoslav and Oreskovic, Stjepan and Novak, Milivoj and Rubic, Filip and Vukovic, Jurica and Spoljar, Diana and Gordijn, Bert and Gastmans, Chris},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1186/s12910-022-00751-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {14726939},
  journal = {BMC Medical Ethics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Attitudes about withholding or withdrawing life-prolonging treatment, euthanasia, assisted suicide, and physician assisted suicide: a cross-sectional survey among the general public in Croatia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-022-00751-6},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2022
}

@article{yang2022worse,
  abstract = {In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the amount of foreign investment by emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). While it has been debated whether EMNEs strengthen or weaken the institutions in host countries they invest in, the literature has paid limited attention to how EMNE investment impacts corruption in other emerging markets, one of the most significant destinations of EMNEs. Following Hoskisson et al. (2013), we categorize two types of emerging markets as targets of EMNE investment, a) low-income emerging markets and b) middle-income emerging markets, based on their institutional and market development. Building on the theory of firm-specific advantages (FSAs) and the institutional advantage (IA) of EMNEs, we reason that EMNEs enter foreign markets in accordance to where their skills and competencies can be effectively utilized, and this impacts corruption in the host country. We make two key arguments: (1) EMNEs predominantly use their IA in low-income emerging markets, which in the long term increases corruption in the host market, and (2) EMNEs predominantly use their FSAs to gain competitive advantage in middle-income emerging markets, which decreases corruption in the host market. Empirical analysis of Chinese outward FDI from the 2008-2018 period supports our hypotheses. Our research contributes to both the literature on EMNEs and corruption.},
  author = {Yang, Jie and Mohammad, Shoeb},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ibusrev.2022.102066},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {09695931},
  journal = {International Business Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-59},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Is the cure worse than the disease? The effect of emerging market MNEs on host country corruption},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2022.102066},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2023
}

@article{baranowskarataj2022family,
  abstract = {This article provides evidence on the relationship between fathers’ labor market outcomes and number of children. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and instrumental variable models, this study examines how family size is related to fathers’ probability of employment, number of paid working hours, job rank, wages, and job stability across European countries with diverse social beliefs about men’s financial and caregiving responsibilities. Results show that having a larger family is associated with increases in fathers’ share of paid working hours, chances of having a permanent contract and a managerial position, and wages. These findings are, however, largely due to selection. Net of selection, fathers tend to increase paid working hours and are more likely to be promoted after childbirth only in countries where they are considered the main income providers, and acceptance of involved fatherhood is weak. The magnitude of these effects is small, however.},
  author = {Baranowska-Rataj, Anna and Matysiak, Anna},
  doi = {10.1080/13545701.2021.2015076},
  issn = {13545701},
  journal = {Feminist Economics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {93-118},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EU-SILC 2004-2011},
  title = {Family Size and Men’s Labor Market Outcomes: Do Social Beliefs About Men’s Roles in the Family Matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.2015076},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{csilla2022zrtsg,
  abstract = {Jelen írás inspirálója, anélkül hogy ő ezt tudta volna, valójában Bárdi Nándor volt: néhány hónappal ezelőtt vetette fel, jó lenne látni, hogy a részben már feldolgozott, és a nagy nyilvánosság előtt publikált európai értékrendkutatások keretében mit lehet megtudni a székelyföldi válaszadókról. Az történt ugyanis, hogy a legutóbbi European Values Study (EVS) 5. hullámához kapcsolódóan ezúttal egy erdélyi magyar alminta is lekérdezésre került, az adatok egy részét pedig sajtótájékoztató keretében mutatták be Kolozsváron (az egykori Transindex portálon például három részben publikálták az eredményeket,1 de más sajtóorgánumok is közöltek beszámolót2). A Regio egyik szerkesztőségi beszélgetésén pedig felmerült, hogy az értékrendkutatásra építve jó lenne egy olyan tanulmányt is publikálni, amely az adódó nemzetközi kitekintés mellett kifejezetten a székelyföldiekről mond valamit. Egy ilyen tanulmány jól illeszkedett volna a folyóirat egyik legutóbbi (2022/2-es) számában a székelyekről/Székelyföldről közölt blokkba is. Most már nyilvánosan is bevallhatjuk, a tanulmány folyóiratbéli közlését bizonyos értelemben szabotálni kellett, azaz „ködösíteni” Nándi előtt, mert úgy gondoltuk, egy ilyen írás sok szempontból stílszerűbb, ha meglepetésként a jelen ünnepi kötetben jelenik meg.},
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Csilla, Zsigmond and Attila, Papp Z.},
  booktitle = {Palimpszesztus - Írások Bárdi Nándor 60. születésnapjára},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13562},
  editor = {Gusztáv, Filep Tamás and Attila, Papp Z. and György, Szerbhorváth},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7550 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {221-245},
  publisher = {Kalligram Kiadó},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A zártság árnyalatai: Székelyek az EVS kutatásban},
  url = {http://real.mtak.hu/153747/1/Zartsag_arnyoldalai.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{pimpawatin2022parenthood,
  abstract = {This study investigates the complex relationship between parenthood and life satisfaction using integrated (individual-level) data from the European Value Surveys (EVS) and the World Value Surveys (WVS), covering respondents from 102 countries from 1989 to 2020. It hypothesizes that welfare regimes influence the relationship, categorizing countries into eight welfare regimes, including social democratic, conservative, liberal, former socialist, productivist, liberal-informal, Middle East and North Africa, and insecure welfare regimes. Results suggest that, overall, parenthood is positively associated with life satisfaction. The positive relationship is more evident in countries with social democratic, productivist, and insecure welfare regimes than the others. Age and gender sub-sample analyses reveal that the association between parenthood and life satisfaction among women is more sensitive to welfare regimes than men. This study is the first to use the above welfare-regime categorization. It demonstrates that welfare policies are essential to life satisfaction and argues that they should be tailored to specific area-based needs of the target population.},
  author = {Pimpawatin, Pachara and Witvorapong, Nopphol},
  doi = {10.25133/JPSSv302022.037},
  journal = {Journal of Population and Social Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {652-678},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Parenthood and Life Satisfaction: The Role of Welfare Regimes},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.25133/JPSSv302022.037},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2022
}

@article{lambropoulou2022janus,
  abstract = {The article outlines the use of corruption rhetoric in Greek politics based on official reports and press publications in selected years and examines the functions it fulfils. In the beginning of the article, an overview of international research and its contextual background about corruption is provided. The absence of historical accounts in the (anti-) corruption literature is noted and an overview of factors that have been correlated by researchers with corruption is given, such as degree of democracy, (de)centralization of the political system, media scandalization, etc. The article briefly presents the approach of Greek analysts to the topic. Issues concerning old and new forms of clientelism, which held the most interest for Greek academics, are analysed. Also, the discourse analysis carried out and its findings is portrayed. The analysis reveals that politicians’ corruption rhetoric operates primarily as a strategy that is capable of undermining the morale of the main political opponent(s) and occasionally as a method of ensuring electoral supremacy. The rather unhelpful attempts of the Greek governments to improve the position of the country in the anticorruption universe by introducing successive legislation, new bodies and institutions to control corruption, while disregarding the fact that the main efforts should be focused on Greece’s market image are illustrated. A positive change in the country’s image in the market came incidentally during the last few years of the Greek economic crisis thanks to neoliberal economic policies under the tutelage of foreign lenders.},
  author = {Lambropoulou, Effi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11536 ; 10.4232/1.10148},
  doi = {10.21638/spbu12.2021.304},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3801 v3.0.1 ; ZA4776 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {245-261},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Janus faces of (anti-)corruption rhetoric in Greece},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2021.304},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2022
}

@article{kenny2022changing,
  abstract = {This article examines the evolution of long-term trends in the prioritization of environmental protection in Britain over a period of four decades. It does so by compiling comparable questions tapping into the same underlying environmental dimension from a range of sources, including historical polling data that has only recently been made available to the research community. At the aggregate level, prioritization largely tracks changing economic conditions as well as key environmental events, with the winter of 2019 showing the highest recorded levels. Furthermore, trends in individuals' willingness to prioritize the environment may not always go in tandem with trends in environmental salience. At the individual level, educational attainment is the only consistently significant demographic correlate over time. However, there is evidence of increasing politicization of the environment, with left–right orientations only becoming an important correlate of environmental prioritization in recent years, in line with rising divergence on the issue at the elite level.},
  author = {Kenny, John},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511 ; 10.4232/1.10873 ; 10.4232/1.10963 ; 10.4232/1.10986},
  doi = {10.1017/gov.2022.17},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA1209 v1.0.1 ; ZA4230 v1.1.0 ; ZA4742 v4.0.1},
  issn = {0017257X},
  journal = {Government and Opposition: An International Journal of Comparative Politics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {168-186},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EB18 ; EB62.1 ; EB68.2},
  title = {The Changing Prioritization of Environmental Protection in Britain: 1982–2019},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2022.17},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{thorhallsson2022political,
  abstract = {Iceland shares many similarities with the other four Nordic states – the states to which Icelanders feel closest (Hardarson 1985) – including common traditions of mature parliamentary democracy and open democratic government, a welfare state, an attachment to national sovereignty and strong defence, a competitive market economy and a strong regional affinity that promotes a ‘Nordic identity’ and cooperation (Miles 1996). Nevertheless, Iceland is distinguished by many important features.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Thorhallsson, Baldur and Ólafur, Th.},
  booktitle = {Party Politics in European Microstates},
  doi = {10.4324/9781315206776},
  editor = {Bértoa, Fernando Casal and Dumont, Patrick},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {88-106},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {A Political Party System in Flux: Iceland's Political Culture and Smallness},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315206776},
  year = 2022
}

@article{banai2022polls,
  abstract = {In der medialen und politischen Kommunikation der Corona-Krise ist der sogenannte "Schulterschluss" neben anderen Begriffen zur Betonung des nationalen Zusammenhaltes omnipräsent. Angesichts der Wahlumfragen zur Zeit des Lockdowns schien sich ein solcher, zumindest in der Unterstützung für die Regierungsparteien, abzuzeichnen. Um empirisch zu prüfen, inwieweit sich ein derartiges Wir-Gefühl in dieser Zeit tatsächlich ausbildete, wollen wir hier nachvollziehen, wie sich die nationale Verbundenheit und der Nationalstolz in Österreich zu dieser Zeit ausprägten. Zur Klärung dieser Fragen werden Daten aus dem Austria Corona Panel Project mit verschiedenen anderen Survey-Programmen verglichen, um das Bild aus dem ersten Lockdown historisch und international zu kontextualisieren. Aus diesen Vergleichen lässt sich ableiten, dass die Corona-Krise auf die bereits hohe Verbundenheit mit Österreich bzw. den Nationalstolz kaum Einfluss hatte, im Unterschied zu verschiedenen politischen Krisen.},
  author = {Banai, Ayelet and Votta, Fabio and Seitz, Rosa},
  doi = {10.1093/poq/nfac001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3640 ; ZA3904 ; ZA3938 ; ZA4056 ; ZA4229 ; ZA4411 ; ZA4414 ; ZA4506 ; ZA4507 ; ZA4526 ; ZA4530 ; ZA4744 ; ZA4819 ; ZA4971 ; ZA4973 ; ZA4994 ; ZA5234 ; ZA5449 ; ZA5481 ; ZA5567 ; ZA5612 ; ZA5686 ; ZA5689 ; ZA5913 ; ZA5928 ; ZA5964 ; ZA5998 ; ZA6643 ; ZA6694 ; ZA6788 ; ZA6863 ; ZA6928},
  issn = {0033362X},
  journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {191-215},
  study = {EVS2002-2018},
  study-id = {EB57.2 ; EB59.1 ; EB60.1 ; EB61 ; EB62.0 ; EB63.4 ; EB64.2 ; EB65.2 ; EB65.3 ; EB66.1 ; EB67.2 ; EB69.2 ; EB70.1 ; EB71.1 ; EB71.3 ; EB72.4 ; EB73.4 ; EB74.2 ; EB75.3 ; EB76.3 ; EB77.3 ; EB78.2 ; EB79.3 ; EB81.2 ; EB81.4 ; EB83.1 ; EB83.3 ; EB84.3 ; EB85.2 ; EB86.2 ; EB87.3 ; EB88.3},
  title = {The Polls - Trends: Trends in Public Opinion toward Immigration among EU Member States},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfac001},
  volume = 86,
  year = 2022
}

@article{palecek2018spojeni,
  abstract = {Na základě mnoha empirických výzkumů je současná Česká republika považována oproti Slovensku za více sekulární. Tyto rozdíly v míře sekularity mezi oběma zeměmi byly často zjišťovány především prostřednictvím měr forem tradiční religiozity. Pokles těchto měr religiozity ve společnosti je obecně vysvětlován prostřednictvím sekularizační teze. Jednotlivé sekularizační teorie pak nahlížejí sekularizační proces jako pokles významu náboženství napříč celou společností, který spojují s procesem modernizace. Světový názor (náboženský nebo nenáboženský) však v určité míře ovlivňuje i jednání lidí v jejich každodenních životech, protože má vliv na jejich přijímané hodnoty a názory, které vstupují do racionálního kalkulu každého člověka při řešení jeho každodenních potřeb. Tato práce je úžeji zaměřena na význam náboženství při výběru budoucího partnera na sňatkovém trhu. Cílem je dokumentovat, zda (a v jaké míře) vysoká sekularita české společnosti, v porovnání s více religiózní společností slovenskou, ovlivňuje i nábožensky podmíněný párový výběr. Budeme se ptát, jakou roli hraje náboženství na sňatkovém trhu. To znamená, jaký význam má náboženské vyznání pro aktéry, kteří na sňatkovém trhu hledají svého budoucího partnera. Preferují religiózní lidé partnery také s náboženským vyznáním, nebo pro ně není náboženské vyznání u budoucích partnerů důležité? Pro analýzu významu náboženství pro párový výběr jsou k dispozici dva metodologické přístupy. První způsob je založen na sledování míry deklarované důležitosti mezi skupinami lidí i v celé společnosti, která je při výběru partnera přikládána sdílenému náboženskému přesvědčení. Druhý způsob je založen na měření míry náboženské homogamie nebo opačně heterogamie v populaci, protože míra náboženské homogamie je výsledkem časově předcházejících nábožensky podmíněných výběrů partnerů na sňatkovém trhu. Analýza významu náboženského vyznání pro párový výběr prostřednictvím míry náboženské homogamie je označována jako ex post sociologické vysvětlení, které prostřednictvím retrospektivního náhledu umožňuje sledovat význam náboženství pro výběr partnera v době uskutečnění těchto výběrů. . Při srovnání se Slovenskem by bylo možno předpokládat, že v české společnosti je náboženské přesvědčení při výběru partnera pokládáno za méně důležité, protože je ČR oproti Slovensku více sekulární. Proces sekularizace je definován jako pokles významu náboženství ve společnosti. Proto by měl s tímto poklesem klesat i význam náboženství při výběru partnera. Sekularizační proces je vysvětlován prostřednictvím mnoha sekularizačních teorií, které vysvětlují pokles religiozity ve společnosti jako důsledek procesu modernizace. Například proces detradicionalizace a individualizace umožňuje jedincům svobodnější rozhodování v jejich každodenních životech. V této práci jsou konstruovány dvě hypotézy. První, v současnosti má náboženství pro výběr partnera v česku oproti Slovensku nižší význam. Tento rozdíl je dán vyšší mírou sekularity v Česku. Za druhé, význam náboženství pro výběr partnera bude ve společnosti klesat spolu s poklesem podílu lidí z celé populace, kteří deklarují své náboženské přesvědčení. Také vliv tradiční religiozity na jednání lidí je snižován právě procesy detradicionalizace a individualizace náboženství. Žádná z hypotéz však nebyla v této práci jednoznačně potvrzena. V současnosti v obou zemích považuje sdílené náboženské přesvědčení mezi partnery za velmi důležité asi jen 20 % lidí. Na druhou stranu však v obou zemích téměř 90 % partnerů sdílí stejný světový názor. ¨To znamená, že tyto páry jsou nábožensky homogamní. Mezi oběma sledovanými zeměmi nejsou v míře deklarovaného významu náboženství pro partnerský vztah i v míře náboženské homogamie výraznější rozdíly. Nejdůležitějším výsledkem je, že byly zjištěny výrazné rozdíly mezi mírou deklarovaného významu náboženského přesvědčení pro výběr partnera a podílem nábožensky homogamních párů. Jinými slovy, byl zjištěn pouze výrazný rozdíl mezi subjektivní deklarací důležitosti sdíleného náboženského přesvědčení pro partnerský vztah a mezi objektivně uskutečněnými nábožensky podmíněnými párovými výběry. Ale žádné jiné výraznější rozdíly mezi sledovanými zeměmi nebyly nalezeny. V úzkém náhledu významu náboženství pro výběr partnera, sledovaného prostřednictvím subjektivních i objektivních indikátorů, nelze říci, že v současné české společnosti má světový názor, náboženský nebo nenáboženský, při párovém výběru výrazněji rozdílný význam oproti společnosti slovenské.},
  author = {Paleček, Antonín},
  doi = {10.13060/121443},
  journal = {Naše společnost},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article},
  language = {other},
  number = 16,
  pages = {29-51},
  study = {ISSP2008 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Spojeni vírou? Význam náboženství pro výběr partnera v Česku a na Slovensku (United by Faith? The Significance of Religion for Assortative Mating in the Czech Republic and Slovakia)},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.13060/121443},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2018
}

@article{manjon2022overview,
  abstract = {Many studies were conducted to help researchers designing high quality surveys. Testing theoretical considerations, these studies create empirical evidence that should serve for guidance. However, we often come across surveys that do not follow those literature recommendations. While this might be due to the trade-offs between data quality, comparability (across time or countries), and costs, in this paper, we provide information about the scales used in practice by 10 well-established social science face-to-face surveys. We found that: 1) agree/disagree scales are used in all 10 surveys but in a maximum of 15.7% of the items; 2) most attitude or belief questions use between two and six answer categories; 3) while some surveys use few grids, others use them commonly. 4) check-all-that-apply is very little used in all surveys; 5) fixed reference points are often used but not for all the answer categories for which they would be possible. Such an overview can help researchers by shedding light on the current survey practice in key social science surveys. Overall, it suggests researchers should not simply copy questions from these surveys when designing their own questionnaire; instead they should first evaluate their quality.},
  author = {Manjon, Marc Asensio and Revilla, Melanie and Weber, Wiebke},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314 ; 10.4232/1.12516 ; 10.4232/1.13254},
  doi = {10.13094/SMIF-2022-00009},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0 ; ZA6641 v1.0.0 ; ZA7489 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Survey Methods: Insights from the Field},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; FlashEB419 ; EB90.3},
  title = {An overview of the scales’ characteristics for 10 wellestablished face-to-face social science surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2022-00009},
  year = 2022
}

@article{storonyanska2022trust,
  abstract = {Given the fact that Ukraine declares a European path of development and considers itself a potential member of the European Union, the study mainly examines the relationship between trust and economic growth in Ukraine and other countries of the world, including post-Soviet countries. The hypothesis that general trust has a positive effect on economic growth in general is tested, and a comparative assessment of the level and factors of trust across the regions of Ukraine has been carried out. The results show an historical tradition of mistrust of the state and its institutions particular to Ukraine as the country where the state has been perceived as foreign by most of the population for over 70 years; exceptional weakness and corruption of state administration, even by the standard of third-world countries; availability of influential and consistent stereotypes, partially universal and partly specific to post-communist countries. It causes polarization in society and within certain social groups and governmental institutions. Ukrainian society is characterized by the waste of symbolic capital of confidence in authorities. Meanwhile, there is some symmetry between mistrust of the system and trust in entities created by people to meet their spiritual, social, psychological, and other needs.},
  author = {Storonyanska, Iryna and Ivashko, Olena and Mieszajkina, Elena},
  doi = {10.3390/su142215168},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {20711050},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 22,
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Trust as a Catalyst of Economic Growth: A National and Regional Breakdown},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215168},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2022
}

@article{tanasescu2022central,
  abstract = {The paper aims to study in an empirical manner the dimensions of religiosity in the last decade in Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) by analysing the evidence of religiosity from the perspective of Norris and Ingelhart' thesis that a key factor driving religiosity is represented by the feelings of vulnerability to physical, societal, and personal risks. As such, the paper comprises (1) specifications on (a) religiosity and dimensions of religiosity, (b) the theoretical context and (c) historical context of religiosity after the Eastern Bloc's destructuration, (2) evidence of religiosity - "believing and belonging" - and of patterns of religiosity in CEE countries.},
  author = {Tănăsescu, Gabriela},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  journal = {Romanian Review of Political Sciences & International Relations},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {55-74},
  study = {EVS2008},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Central And Eastern European Countries' Religiosity. Evolutions In The Last Decade.},
  url = {https://2c2e45e5-12d6-4ee7-81f3-41c6c611007c.filesusr.com/ugd/1c5576_1591982b6e3844cab5bcbbb291d2157c.pdf},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@article{sooniste2022religious,
  abstract = {Religious literacy may be seen as a prerequisite for religious freedom. This article analyzes how the development of religious literacy is supported in the curricula of Estonian primary and secondary schools and the extent to which these schools guarantee religious freedom. We assume that developing religious literacy is not limited to the lessons of Religious Education but can also be achieved in schools in which Religious Education is not taught. We analyze the national curricula for both basic and upper secondary schools to understand how religious literacy is represented, whether implicitly or explicitly. We are particularly interested in how the competencies of religious literacy are supported in the curricula and how freedom of religion is ensured in state-funded schools. The texts are analyzed according to the core curriculum analysis method and the religious literacy model, which identifies four stages in the development of religious literacy: examining religion as a category, engaging with a disposition towards religions, building up relevant knowledge, and promoting skills to interact well in multicultural society. This analysis shows that the dominant discourse related to religious literacy in the curricula focuses on social skills for future citizens, but religious literacy itself, a vital skill for operating in the modern multicultural world, is scarcely mentioned. Instead, it is present primarily as an implicit concept, and religion is portrayed as distant both in time and in space. Thus, this approach to education contributes insufficiently to the freedom of religion needed in a contemporary multicultural society.},
  author = {Sooniste, Aleksandra and Schihalejev, Olga},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.3390/rel13050411},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religious Literacy in National Curricula of Estonia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13050411},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2022
}

@article{korsunava2023tempora,
  abstract = {This paper analyses the film industry as a social phenomenon through the lens of revised modernisation theory. Revised modernisation theory implies that economic development leads to value shift which eventually results in the spread of more liberal social attitudes, including the greater acceptance of sexual freedoms, gender equality, and overall tolerance. These changes penetrate all spheres of social life, including the field of cultural production. Here, one can expect that topics and visual tools employed by filmmakers reflect the ongoing changes. This research focuses particularly on the presence of female and male nudity in films. We use the Internet Movie Database (IMDB) as a dataset that reflects changes in modern societies, as we believe that IMDB represents a vast area underexplored by social scientists. Using IMDb and European Value Study data, we juxtapose the presence of general, female, and male nudity in films and the prevalence of choice values in the given year and country. The sample consists of films produced in 40 European countries between 1960 and 2013. Relying on the IMDb data we identify 34 291 films, with approximately a quarter of them depicting nudity. Using multilevel regression analysis, we find that the probability of female nudity is associated with the prevalence of choice values, whereas male nudity is more likely to appear in films related to the topic of homosexuality. Overall, the paper shows that value changes are reflected through the depiction of female bodies, however, the spread of choice values do not lift the restrictions on the presentation of men.},
  author = {Korsunava, Viyaleta and Volchenko, Olesya},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1016/j.poetic.2023.101778},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0304422X},
  journal = {Poetics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {O tempora! O mores! Cultural modernisation and nudity depiction in European cinema},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2023.101778},
  volume = 97,
  year = 2023
}

@article{vandoore2023werkende,
  abstract = {Globalization has put a new kind of pressure on the welfare state. Due to a rise in flexible contracts, a stable income is no longer a given, which results in an increase in the working poor. This article examined the extent to which the effect between in-work poverty and individual characteristics like gender, educational attainment, age and occupational status depends on the type of welfare state someone lives in. The welfare state classification used in this article is based on an article by Jacques and Noël (2020), who distinguished between the degree of universalism, residualism and targeting within universalism. A multilevel-analysis was conducted using EVS, OECD and Eurostat data (N = 14,405), which showed that gender, age, educational attainment and occupational status, contrary to macro characteristics like Gini coefficient and GDP per capita, have significant direct effects on in-work poverty. The main contribution of this paper, however, is that some of these individual direct effects differ per policy context. These differences do not completely align with the targeting within universalism theory posed by Jacques and Noël, which indicates that critical reflection of their theoretical framework is necessary.},
  author = {van Doore, Anne},
  doi = {10.5117/MEM2023.2.005.DOOR},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00259454},
  journal = {Mens & Maatschappij},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {205-234},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Werkende armen in de verzorgingsstaat: De effecten van geslacht, opleidingsniveau, beroepsstatus en leeftijd (In-work poverty in the welfare state: The effects of gender, educational attainment, occupational status, and age)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2023.2.005.DOOR},
  volume = 98,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{wojcik2021wartoci,
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Wójcik, Adrian Dominik and Cypryańska, Marzena and Główczewski, Michał},
  booktitle = {Wartości w działaniu},
  editor = {Marody, Mirosława},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {187-210},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Spółka z o.o.},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Wartości prośrodowiskowe – dlaczego to za mało, by zatrzymać kryzys klimatyczny?},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{koniecznasalamatin2023europe,
  abstract = {According to the founding treaties, the European Union is based on the recognition of certain values: freedom, democracy, pluralism, diversity, and equality between women and men. Although existing data indicate that Polish society is generally supportive of the EU, recent discussions about Polexit and axiological conflicts within Polish society suggest that these values do not enjoy universal and unconditional support. We employed a mixed methods approach to analyze the attitudes of Poles towards the EU. Using quantitative methods, we identified key aspects of a radical Catholic-nationalistic orientation. Based on a qualitative investigation, we established that those with a radical axiological orientation who reject European values do not proclaim anti-Europeanism openly. An analysis of data from far right actors’ social media provides a more precise understanding of the meanings and emotions associated with Europe and the European Union within radical Catholic-nationalist narratives. The most prominent feature of these narratives is the emphasis on the alleged “moral decline” of older European societies, along with the postulation of alternative forms of European integration that move away from cultural integration. },
  address = {Warsaw},
  author = {Konieczna-Sałamatin, Joanna and Sawicka, Maja},
  booktitle = {The Virus of Radicalization},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.22331338},
  editor = {Kuczyński, Paweł},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {105-120},
  publisher = {Collegium Civitas},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Europe is here: The European Union in the eyes of catholic-nationalist circles in Poland },
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22331338},
  year = 2023
}

@article{genova2022young,
  abstract = {Most research about young people and religion in the Western context underlines their growing distance from institutionalised forms of religious participation, and explains it as a consequence of the weakness of their religious frames, as well as of other factors that interfere with the translation of these frames into forms of action. At the basis of this interpretation there is the hypothesis that these forms of participation are means of actualisation of religious values on the basis of religious beliefs and worldviews. Referring to recent research about young activists in Catholic groups in Italy, the article shows instead that their individual frames of involvement are variegated, and largely go beyond the boundaries of the religious field: religious factors are often not even considered as fundamental for collective identification, which is also rooted in shared non-religious distinctive meanings, practices and lifestyles.},
  author = {Genova, Carlo},
  doi = {10.13136/isr.v12i2.560},
  journal = {Italian Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {501-521},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Young Activists in Catholic Groups. Meanings of Participation Across the Boundaries of the Religious Field},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.13136/isr.v12i2.560},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2022
}

@book{dellizotti2022metodi,
  abstract = {Il volume illustra le tecniche di analisi statistica dei dati, completando il lavoro iniziato con il primo manuale dedicato ai metodi di rilevazione delle informazioni nella ricerca sociale. La trattazione inizia con l’analisi monovariata, che consente il retrospettivo “controllo di qualità” sui dati raccolti, fornisce le prime risposte ai bisogni conoscitivi del ricercatore e può suggerire più approfondite analisi, empiricamente fondate, che si potranno realizzare con gli strumenti di analisi bivariata e multivariata trattati nei capitoli successivi. Tenendo conto della natura categoriale o cardinale delle variabili, nel volume sono descritte ed esemplificate tecniche che “esibiscono” e sintetizzano la distribuzione dei dati e le relazioni tra variabili. Un congruo spazio è dedicato alle tecniche grafiche, utili alla rappresentazione dei dati e a volte indispensabili per la loro analisi. Il resto del volume è dedicato ad alcuni “passaggi tecnici” di supporto all’analisi. Il primo di questi capitoli è dedicato alla costruzione di nuove variabili e alla trasformazione di quelle già presenti in matrice, con approfondimenti sulla categorizzazione delle variabili cardinali e sulla costruzione di indici e tipologie. Si affronta poi il complesso argomento dell’analisi “esplorativa” delle tabelle di contingenza e la problematica inerente l’utilizzo dei dati mancanti. Il capitolo finale tratta un aspetto raramente affrontato nei manuali di metodologia e tecniche della ricerca sociale: l’esposizione e la “disseminazione” dei risultati delle analisi.},
  address = {Trieste},
  author = {Delli Zotti, Giovanni},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = { Edizioni Università di Trieste},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Metodi e tecniche della ricerca sociale: Vol. 2 L'analisi dei dati},
  url = {https://www.openstarts.units.it/bitstream/10077/33566/2/Delli-Zotti_vol.2_con%20cop_rgb.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{easterlin2020easterlin,
  abstract = {The Easterlin Paradox states that at a point in time happiness varies directly with income, both among and within nations, but over time the long-term growth rates of happiness and income are not significantly related. The principal reason for the contradiction is social comparison. At a point in time those with higher income are happier because they are comparing their income to that of others who are less fortunate, and conversely for those with lower income. Over time, however, as incomes rise throughout the population, the incomes of one’s comparison group rise along with one’s own income and vitiate the otherwise positive effect of own-income growth on happiness. Critics of the Paradox mistakenly present the positive relation of happiness to income in cross-section data or in short-term time series fluctuations as contradicting the nil relation of long-term trends.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Easterlin, Richard A. and O’Connor, Kelsey J.},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_184-2},
  editor = {Zimmerman, K.F.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9783319573656},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Easterlin Paradox},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_184-2},
  year = 2020
}

@article{wagner2023strkung,
  abstract = {Der Weg für die lang geforderte Neuregelung der Außenprüfung ist frei. Das jüngst verabschiedete Gesetz zur Modernisierung des Steuerfahrensrechts (BGBl.I2022, 2730) enthält sowohl kooperative Bestandteile als auch eine Ausweitung der Mitwirkungspflichten und die Möglichkeit des Verhängens eines Mitwirkungsverzögerungsgeldes. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die anstehende Reform der Außenprüfung dahingehend zu untersuchen, ob sie geeignet ist, bestehende Probleme in der Außenprüfung zu beheben und die Kooperation sowie Zeitnähe der Außenprüfung zu stärken.},
  author = {Wagner, Vanessa},
  doi = {10.9785/fr-2023-1050504},
  issn = {25674897},
  journal = {Finanz-Rundschau},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 5,
  pages = {213-221},
  study = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Stärkung von Kooperation und Zeitnähe in der Außenprüfung? – Eine Analyse des Gesetzes zur Modernisierung des Steuerverfahrensrechts},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.9785/fr-2023-1050504},
  volume = 105,
  year = 2023
}

@article{vaclavik2018religious,
  abstract = {The study deals with the analysis of the religious situation in Czech society after 1989. The starting point is the analysis of the broader historical and sociopolitical context. The study itself examines an analysis of the key census data from 1991, 2001, and 2011, together with the results of research explicitly focused on the religion and religious behavior of the Czech population. These are mainly international studies, such as the EVS, ISSP or AUFBRUCH, and Czech research in the field of DIN. The study also includes an identification of topics and problems that have not yet been sufficiently explored in the context of studying the relationship between religion and contemporary Czech society.},
  author = {Václavík, David and Hamplová, Dana and Nešpor, Zdeněk},
  doi = {10.14712/25704893.2018.6},
  journal = {Central European Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {99-122},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {Religious situation in contemporary Czech society},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14712/25704893.2018.6},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2018
}

@article{bilash2022phenomenon,
  abstract = {The article examines the concept and features of the phenomenon of “Soviet atheism” and its impact on the formation of family law in Ukraine. The impact of “Soviet atheism” on religious rules, statistics of religious beliefs in various historical periods were analyzed. The influence of “Soviet atheism” on the development of family law in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR) and its consequences for marriage and family relations were thoroughly analyzed. The peculiarities of reforming family law in independent Ukraine in order to de-Sovietize it were clarified. It was established that since independence, Ukraine has been clearing its legislation of Soviet influence. At the same time, the phenomenon of “Soviet atheism” has left its mark on the new Family Code of Ukraine. If so, the authors argue that when family law changes, it is necessary to establish values that are based on religion and have existed in Ukraine for centuries.},
  author = {Bilash, Oleksandr and Mendzhul, Mariya},
  doi = {10.36124/rt.2022.26},
  issn = {29565685},
  journal = {Rocznik Teologiczny},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {707-735},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The phenomenon of “Soviet atheism” and its consequences for the family law of Ukraine},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.36124/rt.2022.26},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2022
}

@article{martineztola2023strategies,
  abstract = {Work-life balance policies are one of the most influential factors in the equal sharing of care between women and men. However, for far-reaching changes to take place in the gender-based division of work in societies, those policies must be accompanied by a new framework of social values, so that care tasks cease to be associated with families and with women. This study links work-life balance models in European countries with predominant social values in regard to gender equality in care and employment. The sources of information used are previous studies on work-life balance plus data from the OECD, Eurostat and the European Values Study. A high degree of consistency is observed between the work-life balance models in place and the values held concerning gender equality in those countries with the most extreme models, both the most advanced and the most traditional. The main conclusion drawn is that the traditional values that predominate in numerous countries may be holding back policies that could firmly foster co-responsibility on the part of women, men and public administrations on matters of care.},
  author = {Martínez-Tola, Elena and la Cal Barredo, Mª Luz De},
  doi = {10.33776/rem.vi63.7077},
  journal = {Revista de Economía Mundial},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 63,
  pages = {45-65},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Strategies and values towards co-responsibility in care in European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.vi63.7077},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{mos2022antigay,
  address = {Lanham},
  author = {Mos, Martijn},
  booktitle = {The Gendered Politics of Crises and De-Democratization: Opposition to Gender Equality},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  editor = {Vida, Bianka},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-1-5381-5678-0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {175-194},
  publisher = {Rowman & Littlefield},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Anti-Gay Propaganda Law in Lithuania: Defying the European Union},
  url = {https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538156780/The-Gendered-Politics-of-Crises-and-De-Democratization-Opposition-to-Gender-Equality},
  year = 2022
}

@article{tenkate2023societal,
  abstract = {We study how the tax morale of individuals is influenced by societal diversity in their place of residence. Using data from the World Value Survey, we compare the effects that diversity has on self-reported measures of tax morale at the national, sub-national and individual level. We show first that, both across countries and within countries across sub-national regions, greater diversity is associated with lower average levels of tax morale. We then document that within countries and regions tax morale is lower among individuals who are less similar to others and this effect operates more strongly in places characterized by higher levels of diversity. This pattern applies to diversity in terms of different social cleavages, including income, ethnicity, language or religion, but is particularly pronounced when it comes to diversity in terms of cultural values. This suggests that social identification is important for how people perceive their responsibility of paying taxes.},
  author = {ten Kate, Fabian and Klasing, Mariko J. and Milionis, Petros},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2023.04.005},
  issn = {01475967},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1048-1067},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Societal diversity, group identities and their implications for tax morale},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2023.04.005},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@article{franco2022international,
  abstract = {Cultural proximity has been considered as a crucial determinant of bilateral trade flows. Scant emphasis has, instead, been devoted to the investigation of the opposite direction of causality. International trade eases contacts and increases trust among contracting parties and may, then, promote the spread of cultural beliefs across borders. By using World and European Values Surveys data, we provide evidence on the role of trade flows in favoring countries’ cultural convergence for a large sample of countries over the period 1989–2014. Results confirm that international trade narrows differences in cultural beliefs and attitudes, but just when trade partners share some culture-related traits. Common ancestry, religion and legal system as well as high historical bilateral migration flows are necessary conditions for trade reducing cultural distance. Also, the convergence effect turns to be completely driven by trade flows of differentiated goods which entail relationship-specific investments and a deeper commitment between contracting parties.},
  author = {Franco, Chiara and Maggioni, Daniela},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005.},
  doi = {10.1007/s40822-022-00212-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {2147429X},
  journal = {Eurasian Economic Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {449–477},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Does international trade favor proximity in cultural beliefs?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40822-022-00212-w},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2022
}

@article{misane2022shalt,
  abstract = {United Nations and Council of Europe documents recognize human life as a universal value. However, there are differences in the application of this principle in practice, since exceptions are allowed by the laws of different countries allowing medical abortion, assisted suicide, euthanasia, and the death penalty. In addition, citizens are not unanimous on the question of when the ending of one’s own life or that of another is justified. The aim of the article is to find out the relationship between the religious identity of the Latvian population and attitudes towards four morally controversial phenomena such as abortion, euthanasia, suicide, and the use of the death penalty, using data from the European/World Values Studies of 1996 and 2021. The article uses cluster analysis and linear regression. This study finds that in 2021, society has demonstrated less justifiability of abortion, euthanasia and suicide compared to 1996. Statistically significant differences between religious and non-religious populations are observed in attitudes towards abortion and euthanasia, while differences in attitudes towards suicide and the death penalty are less pronounced.},
  author = {Misāne, Agita and Neiders, Ivars and Rungule, Ritma and Seņkāne, Silva},
  data-doi = {110.4232/1.13736 ; 10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.22364/rfr.33},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0 ; ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {149-180},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Thou Shalt Not Kill Except... Abortion, Euthanasia, Suicide and the Death Penalty – Justification in Religious and Secular Populations of Latvia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22364/rfr.33},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2022
}

@article{migchelbrink2023public,
  abstract = {Are public sector workers more supportive of technocracy than people not employed in the public sector? Public sector workers play an important role in the functioning and safeguarding of democracy. However, because of their training as neutral and competent policy workers and implementers, it is often claimed that they hold relatively strong technocratic attitudes. In this study, we compare the support for technocracy of 35,395 public sector and non-public sector workers across 25 European countries. The results show that on average, public sector workers are not more supportive of technocracy than non-public sector workers, and that the effect of public sector employment on support for technocracy differs across countries. Furthermore, we find that trust in representative institutions and satisfaction with government can reduce support for technocracy.},
  author = {Migchelbrink, Koen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1111/gove.12777},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {09521895},
  journal = {Governance},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {431-451},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Public sector workers' support for technocracy. Comparative evidence from 25 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12777},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{szymanski2023democratisation,
  abstract = {Poland and Taiwan: two parts of the world distant from each other, differing culturally and socially, and yet facing kind of similar challenges in the late 1980s and early 1990s - characterised by the transition from an authoritarian political system to liberal democracy. This book seeks to present the process of democratisation of Poland and Taiwan from the point of view of shared perspectives. Invoking the classical literature of transitology, it is possible to explore similarities and differences between the democratisation of Poland and Taiwan among socioeconomic factors, fragmentation in society, political culture, meso- structures (e.g. political groups, social movements), political institutions, historical and national- identity aspects, and international influences.},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  author = {Szymański, Adam},
  booktitle = {The Democratization Process of Poland and Taiwan: Comparative Perspective},
  editor = {Sulowski, Stanislaw and Zamęcki, Lukasz and Chen-Rabich, Li-Jiuan},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {209-226},
  publisher = {Peter Lang},
  series = { Studies in Politics, Security and Society},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Democratisation in Poland in the 21st century – New or old challenges?},
  year = 2023
}

@article{fernandez2023gender,
  abstract = {This article explores the relationship between gender balance in the workforce and attitudes towards abortion worldwide. Studies on macro-level conditions related to abortion attitudes overlook the role of gender balance in the workforce—specifically the degree of female representation in a country's workforce. There are strong reasons why this factor could shape abortion attitudes. We argue that such a gender balance creates necessary conditions to break with traditional, anti-abortion ideology and facilitates dissemination and public acceptance of pro-choice views. We test this argument with two different datasets - the Integrated Values Survey and three waves of the International Social Survey Programme—along with two outcomes: general tolerance towards abortion and tolerance towards abortion for pregnant women of low income. Using three-level random intercept models and multiple controls for individual and country-level conditions, the results support our hypothesis: In countries with higher gender balance in the workforce, individuals display higher tolerance towards abortion.},
  author = {Fernández, Juan J. and Valiente, Celia and Jaime‐Castillo, Antonio M.},
  doi = {10.1111/1468-4446.13044},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2150 ; ZA3190 ; ZA4950 ; ZA7570},
  issn = {00071315},
  journal = {The British Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {915-937},
  study = {EVS},
  study-id = {ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Gender balance in the workforce and abortion attitudes: A cross‐national time‐series analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.13044},
  volume = 74,
  year = 2023
}

@article{zafar2023pursuit,
  abstract = {Recent studies establish that subjective well-being plays a significant part in the adjustment of immigrants in the host country and that after facing the initial costs of migration, immigrants experience levels of well-being similar to natives across generations. Using two surveys, including the World Values Survey as well as the joint World Values Survey and European Value Survey, we, however, find that variations in subjective well-being of immigrants and natives persist across generations, with second-generation immigrants experiencing higher differences. This finding can be attributed to an increase in the aspirations of second-generation immigrants. In developed regions, both first-generation and second-generation immigrants have a higher probability of reporting greater subjective well-being than natives, which can be attributed to an improved standard of living among immigrants. Additionally, we look at the association between holding immigration-friendly attitudes and the subjective well-being of natives. Our study provides important policy insights.},
  author = {Zafar, Sameen and Ammara, Suman},
  doi = {10.1111/imig.13062},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {00207985},
  journal = {International Migration},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {314-335},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Pursuit of happiness: Subjective well-being of immigrants and natives},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13062},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{halemba2022whose,
  abstract = {In this chapter, I reflect on the place Christian architecture currently occupies in one of the most secularized regions of Europe, notably eastern Germany. I present three case studies of the nonreligious use of church buildings in northern Brandenburg, showing the ways in which materiality produced within the framework of religion, historically conceived, is acquiring nonreligious and postreligious significance. In a region where the vast majority of inhabitants do not belong to any religious organization and furthermore declare that religion does not hold much significance in their everyday lives, church buildings are being rebuilt, maintained and cherished. I argue that religious materiality can serve as a means to create a feeling of prominence and remarkability in various kinds of nonreligious situations related to social memory and identification.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Halemba, Agnieszka},
  booktitle = {Memory and Religion from a Postsecular Perspective},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003264750},
  editor = {Bogumił, Zuzanna and Yurchuk, Yuliya},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {308-326},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {European Remembrance and Solidarity},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Whose Church is it? The nonreligious use of religious architecture in Eastern Germany},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003264750},
  year = 2022
}

@article{drazanova2023national,
  abstract = {The recent popularity of nationalist movements bears witness to the continued power of national feeling in politics. This article considers the potential relationship between different kinds of national attachments and what we call active and allegiant citizenship?support for democracy, community participation, and prosocial behavior. We analyze these relationships using data from two waves of the European Values Study. We find that a set of attachments often called civic nationalism?including patriotism, national identity, and respect for one?s country?s institutions?are connected with better citizenship on virtually all of our outcomes, whereas ethnic nationalism is frequently connected with worse citizenship. These associations, however, tend to be weaker in the postcommunist states which have a different experience with both nationalism and democracy. The results suggest that national feeling can be a double-edged sword for citizenship.},
  author = {Dražanová, Lenka and Roberts, Andrew},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1177/00323217221145910},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00323217},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {National Attachments and Good Citizenship: A Double-Edged Sword},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217221145910},
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{kafka2021effects,
  abstract = {The requirements of the co-evolution of the institutional and cultural background are critical to the economic development process. When the institutions and the cultural background co-evolve, that is, evolve simultaneously and in the same direction, the process of economic development is facilitated. Conversely, when deviations from this co-evolution exist, their asynchronous or in different direction movement may lead to a series of failed attempts to implement a modernized developmental framework. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to highlight whether the institutional and cultural background function in a complementary or substitute way in terms of their role in economic development. The data used in the analysis refer to an unbalanced panel dataset for 113 countries for the last four decades (1981-2019). After a descriptive foundation of the complementary or substitute relationship between cultural and institutional background for economic development, an empirical analysis takes place, through a two ways fixed effects assessment, with different intercepts between the examined economies and using time dummies for the seven total waves of data released from the World Values ​​Study (WVS) and the European Values ​​Study (EVS). Additionally, country specific clustered robust estimates of the standard errors are used. Robustness analysis of the results is also performed which includes: i) the addition of various combinations of control variables to the base model, ii) an alternative way of estimating the basic model using a dynamic GMM method (Arellano – Bond) which takes into account the possible endogeneity between cultural background and economic development, and (iii) the relaxation of the boundaries for the descriptive analysis, in order for more countries to enter the analysis. The main conclusions of the analysis are the following: a) There is a complementary relationship between the institutional and the cultural background regarding their role in economic development (descriptive and empirical analysis). a1) When both notions are at a strong level this leads to the highest level of economic development, while when at least one of both or both are at a weak level economic development is lower. a2) The effect of the institutional background on economic development is doubled when the role of the cultural background is simultaneously included in the analysis. a3) The effect of the cultural background becomes statistically significant when it enters the analysis simultaneously with the role of the institutional background. a4) The interaction term of the two quantities has a positive and statistically significant effect on economic development in all regressions performed. b) The same institutional background (strong) can have a different effect on economic development depending on the prevailing cultural background. This explains why economic policies are effective in some countries and ineffective in others. c) The institutional background seems to have a greater impact on shaping the level of economic development than the cultural background.},
  author = {Kafka, Kyriaki I. and Kostis, Pantelis C.},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Business & Economics of the Hellenic Open University 2021},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Effects of Culture and Institutions on Economic Development},
  url = {http://icbe-hou.eap.gr/ocs2021/index.php/ICBE-HOU_2021/ICBE-HOU_2021/paper/view/356},
  year = 2021
}

@article{brysk2023abortion,
  abstract = {Despite modernization in women’s public roles, reproductive rights attitudes and policies are becoming more restrictive in some societies. While existing literature depicts abortion opinion as a clash of feminist pro-choice vs. religious pro-life frames, feminist analysis suggests that nationalism may influence reproductive attitudes. Yet no cross-national research has empirically examined the relationship between ethnonationalist sentiments and abortion attitudes. We use the 2017 European Values Survey to analyze how ethnonationalist attitudes are associated with abortion approval in thirty European countries. We find that strong ethnonational identity and distrust of foreigners are positively correlated with individuals’ disapproval of abortion. Counterintuitively, this association between abortion attitudes and ethnonationalism is stronger among less religious and more liberal individuals—and in more “modernized” European countries. Our findings contribute a new factor to the cross-national abortion opinion literature and an empirical demonstration of feminist theory with relevance for reproductive rights.},
  author = {Brysk, Alison and Yang, Rujun},
  doi = {10.1093/sp/jxac047},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {10724745},
  journal = {Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {525–555},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Abortion Rights Attitudes in Europe: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life, or Pro-Nation?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxac047},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dziekonska2022migrations,
  abstract = {In today’s dynamic world, migration is gaining more scope; it is more complex and analysed from many perspectives. One of those is provided by past migrations. In 2020, a study concerning Polish residents who migrated internationally in the 1980s was performed. Its results not only offer another perspective on the past migration experience but, above all, on its lifelong consequences. The financial needs satisfied at that time resulted in considerable improvement of migrants’ family’s living conditions and, in many cases, also contributed to better family’s financial standing later in life. However, in the whole life view, regardless of the financial assets gained, the migration, which was a threat to the family’s stability in many respects, was assessed as a mistake of the lifetime.},
  author = {Dziekońska, Małgorzata},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.31743/znkul.13801},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {25439715},
  journal = {Zeszyty Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {43-58},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Past Migrations and Their Consequences from a Lifelong Perspective: Reflections of Polish 1980s Migrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31743/znkul.13801},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2022
}

@book{han2022rationality,
  abstract = {Citizens in democracies complain that political parties’ positions on major issues are too ambiguous for them to confidently understand. Why is party position ambiguity so common? Are party positions ambiguous because political parties fail in forming clear policies or because they deliberately blur their positions? Rationality of Irrationality argues that political parties are motivated to strategically blur their position on an issue when they struggle with a certain disadvantage in the issue. Specifically, political parties present an ambiguous position when their own supporters are divided in their stances on the issue. A political party also blurs position stances when voters do not acknowledge that the party has the ability and integrity to solve problems related to the issue. Political parties blur their position in these cases because ambiguous party positions divert voters’ attention from the issue. Voters support a political party whose policy positions on major issues are close to their own stances. However, voters cannot confidently and exactly estimate party positions on an issue when they are only ambiguous.},
  address = {Ann Arbor},
  author = {Han, Kyung Joon},
  doi = {10.3998/mpub.11989496},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Rationality of Irrationality: Political Determinants and Effects of Party Position Blurring},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11989496},
  year = 2022
}

@article{kutylo2021crisis,
  abstract = {It would be valuable on the basis of sociology religion to concentrate on the crisis of religious institutions and its impact on religiosity in the contemporary sociological discussions. According to theories of secularization, the crisis is a symptom of a broader process of secularization and it is related to the structural changes. In turn, the economic theories assume the crisis as a consequence of some non-effectiveness of religious institutions to the needs of the believers. Both approaches seem to provide interesting solutions to the problem. Here, I took a midway position I found that the structural changes decrease the ability of religious institutions to organize religious life of its members and, in result, the members are less and less satisfied with them. In addition, this process has its own impact on their religiosity. The main consequence of the crisis is the decline in church attendance. In order to verify the assumptions I used the data on Polish Catholics from two surveys carried out in 1999 and 2008 as the part of the European Values Servey. The outcomes of the statistical analysis seem to confirm the above assumptions.},
  author = {Kutyło, Łukasz},
  doi = {10.7494/human.2021.20.3.13},
  journal = {Studia Humanistyczne AGH},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {13-32},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Crisis of Religious Institutions and Its Impact on Religiosity. The Case of Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7494/human.2021.20.3.13},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2021
}

@article{belov2022belarusian,
  abstract = {The article considers new trends in the value system of the Belarusian society. Based on the data of the international sociological surveys conducted as waves of the European Values Study and World Values Study, the authors identify changes in the value orientations of the Belarusian society over the past thirty years. The authors use the methodological approach to identifying the system of value orientations that was developed by R. Inglehart and K. Welzel. The study of fundamental trends in the changing value world of the contemporary society is of practical importance for understanding internal factors of the current socialpolitical processes and for assessing prospects for the further sustainable development of socialpolitical institutions. The article aims at identifying the main directions in the transformation of the value orientations of the Belarusian society since the acquisition of state sovereignty. The authors conclude that the Belarusian society moves from the values of survival to the values of development and self-expression. In the project, the authors conducted an analysis of the demographic structure of the Belarusian society in terms of value priorities and found out that the demographic base of secular-individualistic and self-expression values consists of highly educated residents of large cities of younger (under 30) and middle (up to 49) age. Given the growth of the share of population with higher education and the second wave of urbanization (the outflow from small towns to large cities), we should expect an expansion of this demographic base and, accordingly, the further spread of these value orientations. In this situation, the education system acts as a source of the ongoing changes and develops the value matrix of the coming social reality.},
  author = {Belov, A. A. and Danilov, A. N. and Rotman, D. G.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.22363/2313-2272-2022-22-3-531-543},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {RUDN Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {531-543},
  title = {Belarusian society: From the values of survival to the values of development and self-expression},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2022-22-3-531-543},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2022
}

@book{lasas2023backstage,
  abstract = {This book investigates how the actual dynamics of business-state relations work in a democracy and their changes overtime. The focus is limited to one country because access to high-level sources, who are able to openly discuss the nature of the business-politics nexus, cannot be easily replicated. The study is distinctive in a number of ways. First, its focus on politics and business touches upon a number of academic disciplines – business sciences, political science, public policy and administration. Second, it is not limited to a static picture of a relatively new democracy, but instead examines the dynamics of change over the last twenty years. As such, it talks to situations in a number of other countries, especially those in Central and Eastern Europe and the post-Soviet space. Third, the methodological approach, which combines anonymous interviews, mass media sources, governmental and non-governmental reports, is not very typical and thus provides a relatively fresh perspective on studying such social phenomena. Finally, the study offers original theoretical and analytical frames that can be conveniently applied and tested in other national/regional contexts. These and other features make it a valuable resource in higher education settings, offering a case study at hand, which can be used in courses on corruption, business ethics, democracy, EU studies, areas studies focused on Central and Eastern Europe or the post-Soviet space.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Lašas, Ainius},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-25531-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Political Corruption and Governance},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Backstage Democracy: The Dynamics of Business-Politics Nexus in Lithuania},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25531-1},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{ciziceno2022qualit,
  abstract = {Over the last few years, terms such as health, subjective well-being, happiness, and quality of life have gained increasing attention both within and outside the scientific debate, sometimes even entering general speaking. It is probably due to the figure of Achille Ardigò (1988, 1997), the founder of the sociology of health in Italy, that we observe such interest in these topics. Recently, the relationship between health and society has developed under the sign of heterogeneity, drawing reflections on the quality of life (Maturo, 2009), the role of medicine (Giarelli and Vignera, 2004; Cipolla, 2004), the healthcare systems (Corposanto, 2007; Giarelli, 2005) and also on the perceived happiness and subjective well-being (Secondulfo, 2011). The present contribution sheds further light on the complex relationship between health and well-being, as well as on the meanings of health and food in contemporary societies.},
  address = {Milan},
  author = {Ciziceno, Marco},
  booktitle = {Come ci si sente, come ci si pensa: Una indagine sul benessere globale e il benessere locale},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  editor = {Gucciardo, Gaetano},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {other},
  pages = {63-78},
  publisher = {Franco Angeli},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Qualità della vita, benessere e salute: significati e metafore conoscitive della vita},
  url = {https://series.francoangeli.it/index.php/oa/catalog/book/941},
  year = 2022
}

@article{lutkewitte2023sports,
  abstract = {To fill the gap in empirical research on the relationship between sexist gender ideologies and sports participation, I examined how sports participation affects the endorsement of sexist gender ideologies by men and women and how country-level gender inequalities moderate this relationship. For the analysis, I used cross-national survey data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, including observations collected between 2005 and 2016 on 57,817 men and 61,080 women from 74 countries that vary in terms of gender equality, religiosity, modernization, and economic development. My findings show that when controlling for sociodemographic factors and between-country differences in sexist gender ideologies, men who are sports club members endorse sexist gender ideologies to a significantly greater degree than men who are not sports club members. This finding is independent of the prevalence of gender inequalities in a country. Furthermore, in very gender-inegalitarian countries, women who are active sports club members tend to hold less sexist gender ideologies than women who are not sports club members or are not active members, while they do not differ substantially in the endorsement of sexist gender ideologies in relatively egalitarian countries.},
  author = {Lütkewitte, Simon},
  doi = {10.3390/socsci12040207},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {20760760},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-41},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Sports Participation and Beliefs about Male Dominance: A Cross-National Analysis of Sexist Gender Ideologies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12040207},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2023
}

@article{tsatsanis2021generational,
  abstract = {This article explores trends in overall levels of democratic support in Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Greece. Additionally, the article examines the extent to which the experience of the steep economic downturn in Southern Europe had specific effects on democratic support across different generations and ideological groups by examining survey data that span three decades. The evidence is mixed concerning the resilience of democratic values in the four South European countries, ranging from stability in Portugal to noticeable decline in Italy. Members of the ‘millennial’ generation appear to be more susceptible to the period effect of the crisis, whereas left-wing and centrist citizens are more likely to select democracy as the best form of government compared to right-wing citizens.},
  author = {Tsatsanis, Emmanouil and Borghetto, Enrico and Freire, André and Montero, José Ramón},
  doi = {10.1080/13608746.2021.2016245},
  issn = {13608746},
  journal = {South European Society and Politics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {209-237},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Generational and Ideological Gaps in Democratic Support: Seeds of Deconsolidation in Post-Crisis Southern Europe?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2021.2016245},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2021
}

@article{kafka2021culture,
  abstract = {When culture and institutions coevolve, which means that these are changing simultaneously and in the same direction, financial development is facilitated. In contrast, when institutions and the cultural background deviate from this development, their asynchronous and different direction changes may lead to a series of failed attempts to implement a modernized financial development framework. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to highlight whether the institutional and cultural backgrounds operate in a complementary or substitute way in terms of their role in financial development. An unbalanced panel dataset comprising 98 countries over the last four decades (1981–2019) is used. The empirical results indicate that both the institutional background and the cultural background positively affect financial development. Furthermore, there is a complementary relationship between the institutional background and the cultural background in terms of their role in financial development; when both sizes are at a strong level, this leads to the highest level of financial development, while when at least one or both are at a weak level, the financial development is lower. Moreover, the interaction term of the two sizes has a positive and statistically significant effect on financial development in all tests performed. Lastly, the institutional background seems to have a greater impact on the formation of the level of financial development in relation to the cultural background. To upgrade the financial development of their economies, policymakers have to realize economic policies that change the institutional background and simultaneously change the cultural background in the same direction.},
  author = {Kafka, Kyriaki I.},
  doi = {10.35995/jbafp3010003},
  journal = {Journal of Business, Accounting and Finance Perspectives},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-12},
  study = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Culture, Institutions and Financial Development},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.35995/jbafp3010003},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{gellel2021religious,
  abstract = {Malta is currently experiencing a rapid transition from a homogeneous Catholic community to a multicultural secular society. The process has been going on over these past two decades but the pace of such change has increased dramatically over the past 8 years. The reasons for this are varied and complex. Among the contributors of the abrupt changes are the policies and legislation carried out by the present government, the sudden increase in the non Maltese citizens living in Malta, which soared from 5.6% in 2013 to 16.8% of the total population in 2019, the disillusionment with the institution of the Catholic Church as well as the individualistic attitudes and values spurred by a highly affluent society, which in 2019 will have an estimated GDP growth of 5.2%. These factors are leading, among other, to a change in the lived experience and perception of community, religion and the role of religion in the public sphere, and the integration of Third Country Nationals. The paper sets to investigate how the sudden change in the country of origin and religious adherence of the population influences the lived experience of professionals in the health, social work and education sectors. Given that up till now religion is very visible and present in these three sectors, the paper will explore how this experience may contribute to changes in policy and practices in relation to the role of religion in the public sphere and the implications for social conviviality.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Gellel, Adrian-Mario},
  booktitle = {Religion, Citizenship and Democracy},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-83277-3_10},
  editor = {Unser, Alexander},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {175-197},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series = {Religion and Human Rights},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Religious Diversity and the Secularization Process in Malta: A Reflection Through the Experiences of Health, Social Work and Education Professionals},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83277-3_10},
  year = 2021
}

@article{damme2022gender,
  abstract = {Two recent articles (Grunow, Begall, & Buchler, 2018; Knight & Brinton, 2017) suggest that gender ideology is multidimensional. Such a finding is of utmost importance because, if robust, it can be used in future comparative (multilevel) research. However, these two articles present different results on which gender ideology profiles are dominant in Europe. Using the European Value Study, we replicate and extend these Latent Class analyses and address the question of generalizability and content- and criterion-related validity. We come to a five-cluster solution that synthesizes theoretically and empirically the results of the two articles and clarifies their place in a multidimensional space. We suggest that in Europe five ‘worlds of norms’ exist that are mutually influenced by the general institutional context of welfare states.},
  author = {Damme, Maike van and Pavlopoulos, Dimitris},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-022-02976-9},
  issn = {03038300},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {861–891},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Gender ideology in Europe: Plotting normative types in a multidimensional space},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02976-9},
  volume = 164,
  year = 2022
}

@article{brenton2022federalism,
  abstract = {Theoretically federations are meant to divide and decentralise power with sub-national governments that are closer to the people, which can better accommodate diversity with policies best suited to each community. However, such differences may be inequitable and counter-productive rivalries among multiple governments can emerge. Thus the relationship between federalism and democracy is neither clearly beneficial nor non-existent. If federalism does enhance representative democracy, then the process of federalisation should strengthen it, with the comparatively younger Belgian federation providing a valuable case to interrogate this premise. In recent decades Belgium has been transformed from a unitary state into an intricate asymmetrical federation where power is primarily shared between the Dutch and French language groups. Several new sub-state polities have been created and empowered and minorities have been guaranteed political representation, but arguably they are not as locally oriented as they could be, and the executives are relatively powerful. The process of federalisation has been most concerned with holding the country together than advancing principles of good governance either at the federal level or through maximising decentralisation. Yet the Belgian federation has succeeded in improving representation compared to the previous unitary state and maintaining peace.},
  author = {Brenton, Scott},
  doi = {10.1080/14782804.2021.2023482},
  issn = {14782804},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary European Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {500-518},
  study = {EVS2017 ; EB2013},
  title = {Does federalism enhance representative democracy? Perpetual reform and shifting power in a divided Belgium},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.2023482},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{achterberg2022trust,
  abstract = {Over the years, Loek Halman has had a vast interest in investigating religious change and its ramifications. In this chapter, his neighbours at the Department of Sociology study how people with different religious backgrounds differ in their tolerance towards neighbours. Based on the last wave of the European Values Study, they investigate under what conditions religious people and the religious ‘nones’ – agnostic, atheistic and spiritual-minded people – are more tolerant. Their findings indicate that non-religious groups are less tolerant compared to religious ones in more secularized countries. On the other hand, their findings also suggest that in more secularized countries, tolerance levels are somewhat higher.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Achterberg, Peter and Van Mol, Christof},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {236-247},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Trust Thy Neighbour. Contextualizing the Relationship Between Non-Religiosity and Tolerance},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@book{uslaner2022national,
  abstract = {National Identity Identity and Partisan Polarization examines how national identity has become a central issue in political and social life across the world. Questions of identity—who should be counted as a "true member" of a society and who deserves assistance from the government—have displaced other social and economic issues across nations in many countries. This study considers the role of identity theoretically and in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Hungary, Poland, Israel, and Taiwan. Identity varies over time and over countries. Some such as Sweden have a more "inclusive" sense of identity—one does not need to be born in the country or have ancestry to be considered a "true Swede." Other countries, such as Austria, France, Hungary, Poland, Israel, and Taiwan, have a more "exclusive" notion of identity—where one was born and a common heritage (race, religion, ethnicity) are seen as essential for seeing others as "true" members of society. "Outsiders" are viewed negatively, often as threatening a national culture and not deserving of government assistance. In the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, the major political parties take opposing positions on identity. In the United States and the United Kingdom, issues of identity have become highly correlated (polarized) with social and economic issues. In the former Communist countries of Hungary and Poland, the dominant parties have taken nationalist positions on identity but favor generous welfare policies for people of their own background. In Israel and Taiwan, social and economic issues have become less important than nationalism.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Uslaner, Eric M.},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS2008 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013},
  title = {National Identity and Partisan Polarization},
  year = 2022
}

@article{chopik2023differences,
  abstract = {Variation in free will and control perceptions has been examined across the development of young children, adults, and in several different countries. In two studies (three samples; total N = 492,134), older adults believed less in free will, fatalistic determinism, and perceived less control over their lives than younger adults. In Study 2 (Samples 1 [48 countries] and 2 [99 countries]), control perceptions were highest among individuals who lived in countries that were more indulgent (versus restricted). Country-level characteristics often moderated the link between age and control perceptions, although variation in age differences was relatively small. The current studies are the largest and most comprehensive investigations of demographic and cultural differences in free will and control perceptions. The findings are discussed in the context of the mechanisms that drive changes in free will and control perceptions across the lifespan and across cultures.},
  author = {Chopik, William J. and Confer, Joshua A. and Motyl, Matt},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100093},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {26666227},
  journal = {Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Age differences in free will and control perceptions across the lifespan and around the world},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100093},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2023
}

@article{han2023mothers,
  abstract = {Post-industrial countries with high rates of female labour force participation have generally had low fertility rates, but recent studies demonstrate that this is no longer the case. This has generated increased attention to how greater gender equality in the private sphere of the household may contribute to a positive relationship between women’s employment rates and fertility. Building on recent scholarship demonstrating the multidimensionality of gender-role attitudes, we argue that conversely, the prevalence of a gender-role ideology that supports women’s employment but places greater priority on their role as caregivers may depress the higher-order fertility intentions of working mothers. Using data from 25 European countries, we find that this type of gender-role ideology (egalitarian familism) moderates the relationship between mothers’ full-time employment and their intention to have a second child. This holds even after accounting for key features of the policy environment that are likely to mitigate work–family conflict. The analysis suggests that conflicting normative expectations for women’s work and family roles tend to dampen working mothers’ second-order fertility intentions, independent of work–family reconciliation policies.},
  author = {Han, Sinn Won and Gowen, Ohjae and Brinton, Mary C.},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcad036},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {02667215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {309–325},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {When mothers do it all: gender-role norms, women’s employment, and fertility intentions in post-industrial societies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad036},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2024
}

@article{nickel2022institutional,
  abstract = {Individuals who are strongly oriented towards market-based values are more likely to devalue groups identified as ”unprofitable” from an economic point of view. Drawing on insights from Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT), this study explores economically legitimized prejudice in light of a far-reaching economization of the institutional and cultural structure. Multilevel models using data from the European Social Survey (2018) show that hostility towards immigrants is expressed more among individuals who strongly embrace market-based values and in countries where the institutional structure is dominated by the economy and non-economic social institutions are enfeebled (institutional imbalance). Aggregated market-based values (a “marketized anomic culture”) mediate the effect of a) individual market-based values and b) institutional imbalance on anti-immigrant attitudes. This study contributes to a better understanding of group prejudice under conditions of economization. It shows that applying IAT within a multilevel framework offers a fruitful explanation not only for crime but for other sociological phenomena.},
  author = {Nickel, Amelie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.11576/ijcv-5126},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV)},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Institutional Anomie, Market-Based Values and Anti-Immigrant Attitudes: A Multilevel Analysis in 28 European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11576/ijcv-5126},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{noel2022right,
  abstract = {In Left and Right in Global Politics, which was published in 2008, we argued that the divide between the left and the right occupied a unique place among global ideologies. This opposition explained more than any other ideological division and it provided a powerful connection between domestic and world politics, giving meaning to an increasingly integrated global arena. We concluded that the left-right cleavage is one of many global ideological fault lines, but arguably the most ubiquitous and encompassing one. This chapter revisits this argument. We first restate the original thesis succinctly and update the perspective in light of the recent literature in psychology and political science. Second, we consider challenges coming from comparative politics, to explain how, at least in democracies, the left-right division still plays a pivotal role in framing political life. Turning specifically to international relations, the last section then shows how the politics of left and right continues to permeate a wide range of international issues. The conclusion summarizes the reasons explaining the persistence of the left-right framework in global ideological debates and discusses the future of this political distinction.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Noël, Alain and Thérien, Jean-Philippe},
  booktitle = {The Routledge Handbook of Ideology and International Relations},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003026754},
  editor = {Maynard, Jonathan Leader and Haas, Mark L.},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {249-266},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Left and Right: The Significance of a Global Distinction},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003026754},
  year = 2022
}

@article{glas2022exclusionary,
  abstract = {Countering linear acculturation theories, the adoption of Western European gender customs over time differs across migrant groups. This diversity implies that acculturation into support for gender equality is context dependent. However, little quantitative scholarship has identified what sort of contexts strengthen or impede acculturation. This article investigates one source of context-dependent acculturation: exclusionary contexts. I build and test a context-dependent exclusions framework that proposes that contexts that exclude non-Western migrants hamper their acculturation into support for gender equality in the labor market in Western Europe. Empirically, I synchronize European Social Survey, European Values Study, and Eurislam data on over 11,000 non-Western migrants in Western Europe. Cross-classified models show that non-Western migrants? support for labor-market gender equality is, indeed, lower in exclusionary contexts, for instance, in destinations with stronger anti-migrant sentiments. Pivotally, the impact of destinations? gender customs on migrants? gender values differs across destination, origin, and community contexts. For instance, in destinations with stronger populist right-wing parties, migrants internalize destinations? gender equality less. Altogether, non-Western migrants? acculturation into support for labor-market gender equality is highly dependent on contextual exclusions, which means that populist claims about non-Western migrants? universal lack of acculturation into support for gender equality should be viewed cautiously.},
  author = {Glas, Saskia},
  doi = {10.1177/01979183211059171},
  issn = {01979183},
  journal = {International Migration Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-35},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Exclusionary Contexts Frustrate Cultural Integration: Migrant Acculturation Into Support for Gender Equality in the Labor Market in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183211059171},
  year = 2022
}

@book{stolz2022religionstrends,
  abstract = {Diese Open-Access-Publikation beschreibt gegenwärtige Entwicklungen in der Religionslandschaft der Schweiz. Sie führt eine Reihe von Studien fort, die seit den 1980er Jahren in regelmässigen Zeitabständen publiziert werden. Die hier versammelten Beiträge basieren auf der Auswertung aktueller statistischer Daten und bearbeiten Fragestellungen aus der Religions- und Kirchensoziologie sowie aus der Politikwissenschaft. },
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Stolz, Jörg and Bünker, Arnd and Liedhegener, Antonius and Baumann-Neuhaus, Eva and Becci, Irene and Robert, Zhargalma Dandarova and Senn, Jeremy and Tanner, Pascal and Wäckerlig, Oliver and Winter-Pfändler, Urs},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-36568-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA7570},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Religionstrends in der Schweiz: Religion, Spiritualität und Säkularität im gesellschaftlichen Wandel},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36568-4},
  year = 2022
}

@article{nakai2023partisan,
  abstract = {Various types of anti-immigrant sentiments have been taken as the characteristic independent variable to explain specific support for radical right parties. However, some survey respondents tend to conceal their attitudes towards socially sensitive issues. To overcome this challenge, the present study used a list experiment method (item count technique) to reveal respondents' covert attitudes towards immigrants (and compared these with overt expressions) based on party support in France. Results indicated similar levels of anti-immigrant sentiments among radical right National Front supporters and other centre-rightist parties. In addition, comparison with the direct question method revealed that while supporters of centre-right parties were reluctant to express their anti-immigrant sentiment in overt expressions, National Front supporters willingly expressed it overtly more than in covert expressions. Using regression analysis, this paper demonstrates the diversity of anti-immigrant norms and the social desirability bias gap in the French political space.},
  author = {Nakai, Ryo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1111/imig.13133},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {00207985},
  journal = {International Migration},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {248-261},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Partisan difference in social desirability bias on anti-immigrant sentiments: Covert and overt expression among French voters},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13133},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2023
}

@book{beichelt2022emotionalis,
  abstract = {In this book, important works and approaches of policy-oriented emotion research are brought into a systematic context. For this purpose, three different types of emotions are elaborated, which in their totality constitute Homo Emotionalis: binary emotions, basic emotions, reflexive emotions. They correspond to individual-psychological stages of development, but are also relevant in the social and political handling of emotions. The interplay of emotion types and social constellations leads to different modes of political action, which shape different forms of emotional politics. In each case, individual logics emerge along which emotional politics is pursued. With its interdisciplinary focus, this volume is aimed at political scientists, anthropologists, sociologists and social psychologists.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Beichelt, Timm},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-39026-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Homo Emotionalis: On the Systematization of Emotions in Politics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39026-6},
  year = 2022
}

@article{okolskaya2021orientation,
  abstract = {The aim of the paper is to analyze orientation on intergenerational religious transmission in different countries, its dynamics from 1990 till 2017-20, and its linkages to social and demographic predictors. We use data from World Values Survey and European Values Study. Dynamics was explored for 32 countries participated both in 1990-91 and 2017-20 survey waves. Binary logistic regression is made for 78 countries, with orientation on intergenerational religious transmission as a dependent variable, and number of predictors including country, personal religiosity, confession, etc. Our findings show that in the past 30 years, even devout people tend to be less oriented on intergenerational religious transmission. Families tend to delegate this social function to other institutes or even restrain public religious activity in home environment. Russia remains rather secular, ranking equally with many central European and some Asian countries. Nevertheless, only in Russia and 3 post-communist, Orthodox Christian countries people became significantly more oriented on religious transmission in a family. Regression analysis show that this phenomenon is positively linked respondent's social capital, marital and parental experience, and varies according to his membership in confessional majority or minority.},
  author = {Okolskaya, L.A.},
  journal = {ВЕСТНИК ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО МНЕНИЯ. ДАННЫЕ. АНАЛИЗ. ДИСКУССИИ},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {107-118},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {ОРИЕНТАЦИЯ НА ВОСПИТАНИЕ РЕЛИГИОЗНОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ В СЕМЬЕ В РАЗНЫХ СТРАНАХ МИРА (Orientation in intergenerational religious transmission in a family: cross-country analysis)},
  url = {https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46660479},
  volume = 132,
  year = 2021
}

@article{houle2022inequality,
  abstract = {Economic, social and political inequality between different identity groups is an important contributor to violent conflicts within societies. To deepen our understanding of the underlying social dynamics, we develop a mathematical model describing cooperation and conflict in a society composed of multiple factions engaged in economic and political interactions. Our model predicts that growing economic and political inequality tends to lead to the collapse of cooperation between factions that were initially seeking to cooperate. Certain mechanisms can delay this process, including the decoupling of political and economic power through rule of law and allegiance to the state or dominant faction. Counterintuitively, anti-conformity (a social norm for independent action) can also stabilize society, by preventing initial defections from cooperation from cascading through society. However, the availability of certain material resources that can be acquired by the state without cooperation with other factions has the opposite effect. We test several of these predictions using a multivariate statistical analysis of data covering 75 countries worldwide. Using social unrest as a proxy for the breakdown of cooperation in society, we find support for many of the predictions from our theory.},
  author = {Houle, Christian and Ruck, Damian J. and Bentley, R. Alexander and Gavrilets, Sergey},
  doi = {10.1098/rsif.2021.0725},
  journal = {Journal of The Royal Society Interface},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 188,
  pages = {1-40},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Inequality between identity groups and social unrest},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0725},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{tackner2022bestand,
  abstract = {In der medialen und politischen Kommunikation der Corona-Krise ist der sogenannte „Schulterschluss“ neben anderen Begriffen zur Betonung des nationalen Zusammenhaltes omnipräsent. Angesichts der Wahlumfragen zur Zeit des Lockdowns schien sich ein solcher, zumindest in der Unterstützung für die Regierungsparteien, abzuzeichnen. Um empirisch zu prüfen, inwieweit sich ein derartiges Wir-Gefühl in dieser Zeit tatsächlich ausbildete, wollen wir hier nachvollziehen, wie sich die nationale Verbundenheit und der Nationalstolz in Österreich zu dieser Zeit ausprägten. Zur Klärung dieser Fragen werden Daten aus dem Austria Corona Panel Project mit verschiedenen anderen Survey-Programmen verglichen, um das Bild aus dem ersten Lockdown historisch und international zu kontextualisieren. Aus diesen Vergleichen lässt sich ableiten, dass die Corona-Krise auf die bereits hohe Verbundenheit mit Österreich bzw. den Nationalstolz kaum Einfluss hatte, im Unterschied zu verschiedenen politischen Krisen.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Tackner, Nico and Hadler, Markus and Reicher, Dieter},
  booktitle = {Die österreichische Gesellschaft während der Corona-Pandemie: Ergebnisse aus sozialwissenschaftlichen Umfragen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13254 ; 10.4232/1.13318 ; 10.4232/1.13564},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-34491-7_10},
  editor = {Aschauer, Wolfgang and Glatz, Christoph and Prandner, Dimitri},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4460 ; ZA4800 ; ZA5950 ; ZA3910 ; ZA3387 ; ZA3693 ; ZA3938 ; ZA4229 ; ZA4411 ; ZA4506 ; ZA4530 ; ZA4565 ; ZA5234 ; ZA5612 ; ZA5877 ; ZA5932 ; ZA6643 ; ZA6788 ; ZA6863 ; ZA6928 ; ZA6963 ; ZA7489 v1.0.0 ; ZA7562 v1.0.0 ; ZA7601 v1.0.0 ; ZA7649},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {269-292},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS1999 ; EVS1990 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP2013 ; ISSP2003 ; EB54.1 ; EB58.1 ; EB60.1 ; EB62.0 ; EB63.4 ; EB65.2 ; EB67.2 ; EB68.1 ; EB73.4 ; EB77.3 ; EB80.2 ; EB82.3 ; EB84.3 ; EB86.2 ; EB87.3 ; EB88.3 ; EB89.1 ; EB90.3 ; EB91.2 ; EB92.3 ; EB93.1},
  title = {Bestand während der Anfangsphase der Corona-Krise ein „nationaler Schulterschluss“ in Österreich?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34491-7_10},
  year = 2022
}

@article{krawatzek2022attitudes,
  abstract = {For more than two decades a key pillar of regime stability in Belarus was legitimation through economic stability and security, prompting experts to speak of a “social contract” between the state and its citizens. The 2020 protests, however, convey significant dissatisfaction with the Lukashenka regime across a broad social and generational base. By comparing survey data from late 2020 with data from 2011 and 2018, we examine changing attitudes towards democracy and state involvement in economic affairs. We find a departure from paternalist values, implying an erosion of the value base for the previous social contract. Belarusian society has become more supportive of liberal political and economic values. This trend is particularly driven by the older generation and does not exclude Lukashenka’s support base. Meanwhile, attitudes towards democracy and the market have implications for people’s social and institutional trust, preference for democracy, and political participation.},
  author = {Krawatzek, Félix and Langbein, Julia},
  doi = {10.1080/1060586X.2022.2029034},
  issn = {1060586X},
  journal = {Post-Soviet Affairs},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {107-124},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudes towards democracy and the market in Belarus: what has changed and why it matters},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2022.2029034},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2022
}

@article{moorhouse2023representation,
  abstract = {Women now earn well over half of bachelor's and master's degrees awarded in most countries around the world. Although this gender revolution in higher education is a global one, there is a good deal of cross-national variation in the representation of women as recipients of post-secondary degrees. Using a sample of both OECD and non-OECD countries, this study examines whether differences in educational systems help explain this cross-national variation. Women's representation as master's degree recipients are most strongly correlated with the institutional features of a country's education system. The empirical results show that countries with later ages of first selection into distinct educational programs are associated with a greater representation of women earning master's and (though this finding is less robust) doctoral degrees. The empirical evidence also shows that those countries with more educational programs available to students at age 15 award greater shares of master's degrees to women.},
  author = {Moorhouse, Elizabeth},
  doi = {10.1177/05694345221127995},
  issn = {05694345},
  journal = {The American Economist},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {74–99},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Representation of Women as Post-Secondary Graduates and the Role of Educational Systems: Evidence From 51 Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/05694345221127995},
  volume = 68,
  year = 2023
}

@article{neundorf2021revisiting,
  abstract = {We examine the role of societal modernization and women’s political empowerment in generating support for women politicians amongst citizens. Using a global analysis of 116 countries with a new dataset of micro- and macro-level longitudinal data, we show that societal modernization and women’s political empowerment only have positive effects on support for women in politics when the other is also present. For citizens who experienced either societal modernization or women’s political empowerment, but not both, we do not see this positive relationship. Crucially, these patterns hold when analysing the current social and political context, as well as the context experienced by citizens during their formative years. We argue that both social and political changes are required to develop supportive attitudes towards women in politics.},
  author = {Neundorf, Anja and Shorrocks, Rosalind},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140211066214},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  issn = {00104140},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1298-1331},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Revisiting the Impact of Modernization on Support for Women Politicians: The Role of Women’s Political Empowerment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140211066214},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{kiss2022between,
  abstract = {In our study, we examine the religious characteristics of the Hungarians in Transylvania, who once used to be part of the state-forming nation in Hungary but have long been an ethnic minority in Romania. We raise the question about the position of this group in terms of religious belonging, practice and faith between the Romanian and Hungarian societies. Our empirical analyses are based on the Romanian and the Hungarian databases of the European Values Study (EVS) 2017 as well as the database of the EVS-survey conducted in 2019 in Transylvania among the Hungarian minority. Our results clearly show the Hungarian minority in Transylvania to be closer to the Romanian than to the Hungarian society in terms of religiosity. Previous interpretations that Hungarians in Transylvania are in an intermediate position in terms of religiosity is not confirmed by our results. A slightly higher degree of religiosity of Hungarians in Transylvania compared to Romanians was found for several indicators. This is probably at least partly due to differences in social modernization, as the position of the Hungarian population in the Romanian social structure has become increasingly disadvantaged in recent decades.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Kiss, Dénes and Rosta, Gergely and Voicu, Bogdan},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13562 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7550 v1.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {178-195},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Between Romania and Hungary: Religiosity among Hungarians in Transylvania},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{davoudpour2023superficial,
  abstract = {While the power of legal exclusion in stigmatisation is undeniable, its impact on ally behaviour has never been explored. This gap in stigma, law, and allyship is the focus of the present study. More specifically, this study shows how exclusion of the stigmatised from a legal system increases prejudicial attitudes expressed by allies. Using sexual prejudice, negative attitudes towards sexual minorities, as a proxy for stigma, this study explores ‘Superficial Allies’ or those who express full support for sexual minorities while refusing neighbouring proximity to them. Using attitudinal data from the Integrated Values Surveys (1981–2016), a large international (113 countries/regions) cross-sectional time-series survey, this study investigates the role of legal inclusion and social obedience in sexual prejudice expressed by those who fully support sexual minorities and those who fully reject them. The results of logistic regression models suggest that the absence of legal recognition and protection for sexual minorities at the national level increases expression of sexual prejudice among both allies and the stigmatisers. While social obedience plays a significant role in stigmatisers’ expression of sexual prejudice, it shows no significance for the ally population. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.},
  author = {Davoudpour, Shahin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1177/13607804231156296},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {13607804},
  journal = {Sociological Research Online},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {101-119},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Superficial Allies: The Role of Legal Inclusion and Social Obedience in Stigma Processes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13607804231156296},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{sieben2022secularization,
  abstract = {Previous research, mostly US based, shows that religious beliefs and practice are related to parental values: religious individuals value obedience more and autonomy less as an important quality to teach children at home than their non-religious counterparts. One wonders how this ‘religious factor’ is in secularized Northwestern Europe. According to secularization theory, the association between being a religious person and the preferences for obedience and autonomy will weaken due to the loss of social significance of religion. An alternative theoretical perspective however predicts that this only happens in the first stage of secularization, after which the association might increase again as religious identities of those who remain religious may be strengthened in a secular world. Employing EVS data of Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, and the Netherlands for the period of 1981-2017, we find evidence for this U-shaped pattern in Germany, Great Britain and, for obedience only, in France. However, in Denmark and the Netherlands, the patterns are quite mixed and not in line with the theoretical perspectives. Future research could focus on the heterogeneity of both the religious and non-religious population to explain the trends observed.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Sieben, Inge and Ivanova, Katya},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {196-207},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Secularization and Values: Exploring Changes in the Religious Factor in Preferences for Obedience and Autonomy},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{stasulane2021intersection,
  abstract = {This article addresses the commemoration of the deceased by examining a peculiar Latvian religious tradition - the cemetery festival. Latvian society is moving down the path to secularization. Participation in religious ritual practices could be expected to decrease in a predominately secular society. Nevertheless, the tradition of the cemetery festival practiced in Latvia shows that the relationship between the religious and the secular is much more complex than simply being in opposition to each other. The analysis is based on data obtained by undertaking fieldwork at cemeteries in Latvia. Participant observation and qualitative in-depth interviews were the main research tools used in the fieldwork. Through an analysis of the fieldwork data, this article explains, first, how honoring of the deceased currently takes place in Latvia; second, the factors which have determined the preservation of the cemetery festival tradition despite the forced secularization of the Soviet period and the general secularization encountered today; third, the relationship between religious and secular activities and their transformation at the cemetery festival.},
  author = {Stasulane, Anita},
  doi = {10.3390/rel12020069},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-18},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Intersection of the Religious and the Secular: The Cemetery Festival in Latvia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12020069},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@article{mulder2023bayes,
  abstract = {Measures of association play a central role in the social sciences to quantify the strength of a linear relationship between the variables of interest. In many applications researchers can translate scientific expectations to hypotheses with equality and/or order constraints on these measures of association. In this paper a Bayes factor test is proposed for testing multiple hypotheses with constraints on the measures of association between ordinal and/or continuous variables, possibly after correcting for certain covariates. This test can be used to obtain a direct answer to the research question how much evidence there is in the data for a social science theory relative to competing theories. The stand-alone software package ?BCT? allows users to apply the methodology in an easy manner. The methodology will also be available in the R package ?BFpack?. An empirical application from leisure studies about the associations between life, leisure and relationship satisfaction and an application about the differences about egalitarian justice beliefs across countries are used to illustrate the methodology.},
  author = {Mulder, Joris and Gelissen, John P. T. M.},
  doi = {10.1080/02664763.2021.1992360},
  issn = {02664763},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Statistics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {315-351},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Bayes factor testing of equality and order constraints on measures of association in social research},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2021.1992360},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2023
}

@article{pastarmadzhieva2021political,
  abstract = {Thirty years ago, Bulgaria made a shift towards democratic development, but the social environment has the potential to strengthen or undermine the selected direction. The aim of the current work is to identify the state of Bulgarian political culture and entrepreneurial activity and make a forecast about their future development. The object of the study is Bulgaria since 1989. The focus are a selection of indicators, regarding the political culture and entrepreneurial activity. In order to achieve our goal we make review of the studies, regarding the topic and use quantitative data in order to evaluate the political culture and entrepreneurial activity. Among the sources are European values study, World values survey, Eurostat and Global Entrepreneurship Index.},
  author = {Pastarmadzhieva, Daniela and Angelova, Mina},
  journal = {Leadership, Society, Strategic Visions},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {223-234},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Political culture and entrepreneurial activity as prerequisites for positive development in Bulgaria},
  url = {https://ojs.nbu.bg/index.php/LSSV/article/view/465},
  year = 2021
}

@article{akaliyski2023distinct,
  abstract = {Western theories of modernization and cultural change suppose that socioeconomic development fosters support for freedom and equality in all societies. Cultural relativism and ?Asian Values? thesis challenge such theories of universal human development by arguing that East Asian societies? cultural legacies predispose them to a distinct pathway of cultural and societal development. This study uses nationally representative data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study to test whether East Asian and hystorically Protestant Western societies hold six domains of freedom aspirations as strongly as their level of socioeconomic development predicts. Protestant Western nations score consistently high on all freedom aspirations, while East Asia?s scores are higher than predicted for personal autonomy and secular identity but lower for the other four domains: individual freedom, gender equality, political liberalism, and ethnic tolerance. Multidimensional scaling reveals clearly distinguishable Protestant Western and East Asian cultural models. The dimensions these models are depicted by are associated with various salient societal outcomes. East Asia?s emphasis on personal autonomy and secular identity is compatible with good physical and mental health, low crime, competitive economy, and educational achievements. Protestant West?s support for other aspects of freedom is associated with high subjective well-being, demographic sustainability, human rights and rule of law, democratic institutions, and gender equality. Convergence in cultural and societal development may not be expected in the foreseeable future.},
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1177/00220221221143320},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {00220221},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {173-194},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Distinct Conceptions of Freedom in East Asia and the Protestant West Underpin Unique Pathways of Societal Development},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221143320},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{skorska2022satisfaction,
  abstract = {The article is a discussion concerning different aspects of life satisfaction, its determinants and the assessment of its domains. Life satisfaction is a multidimensional concept which encompasses more than just economic power and living standards of individuals. Taking into account that it expresses the degree of satisfaction with life on many different levels, it should be stressed that it is strongly related to the subjective experiences of the individual and objective factors influencing a person e.g. work, own achievements, family life, social contacts, living conditions, etc. Considering the above, the purpose of the article is to present the differences and similarities of life satisfaction assessment between the European Union countries, with particular emphasis on the life satisfaction of Poles during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of the aim of the article required critical analysiss of literature and empirical data analysis obtained from the World Values Survey and Eurofound. These methodologies were selected to check the differences between the results obtained in the European Union member states. The diagnostic survey method was used to prepare the last part of the article. The survey questionnaire was developed by the employees of the Department of Labour Market Forecasting and Analysis at the University of Economics in Katowice. It was conducted in December 2020 and 2021 on a representative group of 1,067 Poles. The results presented in the article confirm the differences in the level of life satisfaction between the EU countries, and in the case of Poland, also the differences in satisfaction with different life domains.},
  address = {Dubai},
  author = {Skorska, Anna},
  booktitle = {Economic and Social Development 88 th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development – "Roadmap to NetZero Economies and Businesses" Book of Proceedings},
  editor = {Janjusevic, Jelena and Hopkinson, Paul and Bajs, Irena Pandza},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {145-154},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Life Satisfaction and its Determinants - Convergence or Divergence in the European Union?},
  url = {http://www.esd-conference.com/},
  year = 2022
}

@article{leykin2023antiimmigrant,
  abstract = {In political and social scientific discourses, the link between right-wing political orientation and anti-immigrant sentiment is often presented as a universal social fact. Based on a systematic examination of the association between left?right political orientation and attitudes towards migrants, the article demonstrates a clear inconsistency in the strength and direction of this presumed association in postsocialist European countries. We provide two analytical explanations for this inconsistency. The first challenges the western-centric idea that people leaning towards the political right tend to hold conservative views that shape their tendency to express anti-immigrant sentiment. The second explanation pertains to the limited relevance of the left?right political orientation scale for postsocialist subjects, making it difficult to attribute anti-immigrant sentiment to specific political orientations. In conclusion, we discuss specific social identities of the holders of hostile attitudes towards outsiders in postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe, which western-centric analytical models do not capture.},
  author = {Leykin, Inna and Gorodzeisky, Anastasia},
  doi = {10.1177/00380385231161206},
  issn = {00380385},
  journal = {Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {3-22},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Is Anti-Immigrant Sentiment Owned by the Political Right?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00380385231161206},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2023
}

@article{arnolfo2022ultimi,
  abstract = {The relationship between social class and religiosity has been studied for a long time now, especially in the United States. However, studies on this topic devoted to Italy are few in number and partially outdated. This work aims at bridging this gap in the available literature: using data coming from the most recent European Values Studies for Italy, we analyze the relationship between social class and individual levels of religiosity, following the compensation theory put forward by Stark and Bainbridge (1980). According to this approach, lower classes are more likely to turn to religion to compensate for the struggle in obtaining those earthly rewards that other classes can acquire more easily, due to their more advantageous position in the stratification system. Some results confirm this hypothesis while others do not, showing some limits in the explicative power of the compensation theory. As a matter of fact, lower classes and self-employed do show higher levels of religiosity. Nonetheless, the most surprising results is found regarding frequency of individual prayer: higher and lower classes pray with the same occurrence, while middle class employee does so less frequently. These findings are discussed in an attempt to propose some interpretations and point out possible new research paths.},
  author = {Arnolfo, Stefano and Todesco, Lorenzo},
  doi = {10.1424/103558},
  journal = {Polis},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {33-70},
  title = {Gli ultimi saranni i primi. L’ipotesi della compensazione nella relazione tra classe sociale e religiosità in Italia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1424/103558},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{gonthier2021authoritarian,
  abstract = {Extant research has consistently found authoritarian values to have become more salient in Europe as political parties respond to voters’ new economic and cultural grievances. Yet much less is known about the public demand for authority in Japan. Building on both the European Values and the World Values surveys, we bridge this gap by comparing shifts and changes in authoritarian orientations over the last four decades in Europe and Japan. Even though there is no cross-cutting trend with regard to the dynamics of authoritarian values and the issue of their possible convergence across subgroups, the authoritarian vs libertarian divide turns out to be a structuring factor in both cases. In particular, we find evidence that authoritarian orientations are increasingly associated with political ideology in Europe, while they are linked to education and income in Japan. Results therefore suggest that authoritarian values, while important, do not provide the foundations for a full-fledged political cleavage.},
  address = {Abingdon},
  author = {Gonthier, Frédéric and Jou, Willy and Hino, Airo},
  booktitle = {Value Politics in Japan and Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003092087-2},
  editor = {Foret, François and Hino, Airo},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9781000487404},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {17-45},
  publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
  series = {Globalisation, Europe, and Multilateralism},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Are authoritarian values in Europe and Japan on the rise?},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092087-2},
  year = 2021
}

@article{remizova2022search,
  abstract = {Individual religiosity measures are used by researchers to describe and compare individuals and societies. However, the cross-cultural comparability of the measures has often been questioned but rarely empirically tested. In the current study, we examined the cross-national measurement invariance properties of generalized individual religiosity in the sixth wave of the World Values Survey. For the analysis, we used multiple group confirmatory factor analysis and alignment. Our results demonstrated that a theoretically driven measurement model was not invariant across all countries. We suggested four unidimensional measurement models and four overlapping groups of countries in which these measurement models demonstrated approximate invariance. The indicators that covered praying practices, importance of religion, and confidence in its institutions were more cross-nationally invariant than other indicators.},
  author = {Remizova, Alisa and Rudnev, Maksim and Davidov, Eldad},
  doi = {10.1177/00491241221077239},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {00491241},
  journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {839-871},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {In Search of a Comparable Measure of Generalized Individual Religiosity in the World Values Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221077239},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{aschauer2023perceptions,
  abstract = {In this chapter I address three current social questions that are central for Europe, namely redistributionDistribution/redistribution, ethnocentrism and environmental awareness. By analyzing perceptions of European citizens in a cross-national perspective it becomes clear that these pressing issues will remain major sources of dissent due to notable value cleavages between and within European states. The aims of my empirical approach, using the data of the four recent waves of the European Values Study (1990, 1999, 2008, 2017) are threefold. First, a cluster analysis based on relevant macro-indicators is conducted to distinguish certain groups of countries with a similar political, economic, social, and cultural profile. As a second step, attitudes towards those social challenges based on a well-functioning operationalisation are depicted using the last wave of the EVS. Additionally, single indicators (using mean comparisons) are analysed over the four time points to highlight the evolution of citizen’s perceptions to those societal challenges. The last part of the analysis computes separate regressions for each country cluster to derive the main antecedents of those attitudes using sociodemographic and structural characteristic, basic value orientations, religious indicators, political opinions and aspects of social inclusion. In general, the study reveals deep value polarisations between major European areas. These divisions are likely to increase in the current pandemic crisis.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Aschauer, Wolfgang},
  booktitle = {Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study: In-depth Analysis – Interdisciplinary Perspectives – Future Prospects},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_12},
  editor = {Polak, Regina and Rohs, Patrick},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9783031313646},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {englisch},
  pages = {393-447},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Perceptions of Social Challenges in Europe. Disentangling the Effects of Context, Social Structure, Religion, Values and Political Attitudes to Identify Potential Drivers of Societal Change},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_12},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{esmer2022populism,
  abstract = {This is a comparative analysis of the association between populist attitudes and religious affiliation –namely, Protestantism, Catholicism, and Islam. Using the most recent EVS/WVS survey data from 76 countries, we develop a populist attitudes scale consisting of 10 items and covering some major dimensions of populism on which we find general agreement in the relevant literature. A regression analysis of over 94,000 cases and controlling for education and income, reveals significant religious effects on our populist attitudes scale. Further, and confirming expectations, the signs of religion effects on democratic values and attitudes are the opposite of the effects on populist attitudes. This is an indication that, at the attitudinal level, populism and democracy reside in opposing corners.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Esmer, Yilmaz},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {248-263},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Populism and Religion: Effects of Religious Affiliation on Populist Attitudes},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{zartler2023einelternfamilien,
  abstract = {Dieser Beitrag fokussiert auf Familien, in denen ein Elternteil ohne Partner*in mit einem oder mehreren Kindern zusammenlebt. Diese Familien erleben zahlreiche Belastungen wie Armutsgefährdung und Vereinbarkeitsprobleme, die sich negativ auf Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit auswirken können. Trotz veränderter Sorgemodelle trägt ein Großteil der Alleinerziehenden die überwiegende Alleinverantwortung für ihre Kinder. Die Einstellungen zu Ein-Eltern-Familien sind nach wie vor von normativen Vorurteilen geprägt, auch wenn die Akzeptanz gestiegen ist.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Zartler, Ulrike and Berghammer, Caroline},
  booktitle = {Handbuch Familiensoziologie},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-35219-6_22},
  editor = {Becker, Oliver Arránz and Hank, Karsten and Steinbach, Anja},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {543-570},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Ein-Eltern-Familien},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35219-6_22},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{casanova2009religious,
  abstract = {This essay is divided into three parts. First, I offer a very general and therefore somewhat superficial overview of the contemporary religious situation in Europe. In the second part, I offer a series of arguments why the paradigm of secularization is not very helpful in trying to explain the complex religious situation in Europe today, and why we need to look at the secularization of Western European societies with new eyes and with new perspectives, which can only come from a more comparative historical and global perspective. Finally, I offer some suggestions as to why the expectation that religion would become increasingly privatized and therefore socially irrelevant has not proven to be correct and why, on the contrary, we are now witnessing the fact that religion is once again becoming an important public issue in Europe.Overview of the religious situation in EuropeFirst of all, it is important to emphasize that there is not one single and uniform religious situation in Europe. There are multiple, very diverse and ambiguous religious situations and trends throughout Europe which one should avoid characterizing in simple terms. I can only indicate here some of the most obvious differences. Former East Germany is by far and by any measure the least religious country of all of Europe, followed at a long distance by the Czech Republic and the Scandinavian countries. At the other extreme, Ireland and Poland are by far the most religious countries of Europe with rates comparable to those of the United States.},
  address = {Liverpool},
  author = {Casanova, José},
  booktitle = {Secularization and the World Religions},
  doi = {10.5949/UPO9781846315671.011},
  editor = {Joas, Hans and Wiegandt, Klaus},
  isbn = {9781846315671},
  keywords = {2009 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {206-228},
  publisher = {Liverpool University Press},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998},
  title = {The Religious Situation in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5949/UPO9781846315671.011},
  year = 2009
}

@article{bechert2023plausibilisierung,
  abstract = {Die vorliegende Handreichung zeigt, dass in quantitativen, sozialwissenschaftlichen Erhebungen Unplausibilitäten entstehen können, die möglicherweise zu Auswertungsproblemen und Fehlanalysen führen. Ziel der Handreichung ist, die möglichen Probleme zu systematisieren und konkrete Hilfestellungen bei der Identifikation, dem Umgang und der Vermeidung von Unplausibilitäten zu geben. Außerdem werden Dokumentationsempfehlungen ausgesprochen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diese Handreichung richtet sich dabei in erster Linie an Datenmanager:innen oder Datenproduzent:innen von Erhebungen, die bei der Studienplanung und Datenaufbereitung mit Plausibilitätsproblemen in Berührung kommen. Aber auch für Studierende und Forscher:innen könnte sie eine Hilfestellung darstellen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gegliedert ist die Handreichung wie folgt: Nach einer Einleitung und der inhaltlichen Einbettung des Themas in den Forschungsprozess folgt eine allgemeine Einführung in den Plausibilisierungsprozess. Dabei wird zunächst diskutiert, ob Plausibilisierung überhaupt zwangsläufig stattfinden muss oder sollte. Im Anschluss wird ein Überblick über die Möglichkeiten gegeben, mit denen Plausibilitätsprobleme zunächst identifiziert und dann behandelt werden können. Diese Punkte werden allgemeingültig formuliert und beziehen sich nicht auf spezielle Arten von Plausibilitätsproblemen. Diese werden anhand der spezifischen Use Cases in den Folgekapiteln diskutiert. Die Plausibilitätsprobleme und Beispiele werden weitgehend unabhängig voneinander behandelt, sodass die Leser:innen sich auf die für ihre Studie bzw. Forschungsinteressen relevanten Inhalte konzentrieren oder die Handreichung als eine Art Nachschlagewerk verwenden können.},
  author = {Bechert, Insa and Christmann, Pablo and Franken, Andreas and Franzese, Fabio and Koomen, Maarten and Krell, Kristina and Kunz, Tanja and Pflüger, Senta-Melissa and Scheller, Percy and Trommer, Maximilian and Rotz, Christina von},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13092},
  doi = {10.17192/bfdm.2023.1.8413},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7502 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Bausteine Forschungsdatenmanagement},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 1,
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Plausibilisierung: Eine Handreichung zum Umgang mit inkonsistenten Daten in den Sozialwissenschaften},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17192/bfdm.2023.1.8413},
  year = 2023
}

@article{verderame2021cosmopolitismo,
  abstract = {Since 2008, European societies have experienced multiple and prolonged crises, the negative effects of which have mainly impacted young people. Based on data from three waves of the European Values Study (1999, 2008, 2017) this essay analyses whether, among these effects, there is a deterioration of “cosmopolitan openness” in young people in terms of attitude and sense of belonging. Proceeding from a perspective of “social cosmopolitanism” along two lines of inquiry, the essay first analyses whether and how the crises have altered young people’s attitudes of openness and sense of belonging, and if such effects differ between European countries. The second line of inquiry explores the link between these two dimensions of cosmopolitan openness and the characteristics of the young people, with particular attention to the Italian case. The research reveals the presence of internal fractures within this segment of the population with regard to young people’s ways of relating to diversity and negotiating belonging, which schisms recent crises are found to have further strengthened.},
  author = {Verderame, Dario},
  doi = {10.4000/qds.4744},
  journal = {Quaderni di sociologia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 45,
  pages = {7-36},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Il cosmopolitismo dei giovani alla prova delle crisi: Attitudini cosmopolite e sentimenti di appartenenza nei giovani europei (Youth cosmopolitanism in the face of crises. Cosmopolitan attitudes and sense of belonging among European young people)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.4744},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2021
}

@article{imbrasaite2022emerging,
  abstract = {Most scholars argue that the decline of citizen participation and confidence in political institutions might be explained as the transformation of traditional forms of political participation to new ones. However, some authors indicate that citizens are not exclusively oriented towards institutionalized or de-institutionalized forms of participation and use all available mechanisms of influence by participating in various forms of action. The focus of this article is an empirical investigation of repertoires of political participation in Lithuania. The article, which is based on the data of the fifth wave of the European Values Study, concludes that repertoires of political participation in Lithuania are diversified and complex. They are significantly associated with gender, age, education, income, place of residence, interpersonal trust, confidence in political institutions, materialist/postmaterialist values, authority orientations, democratic support, autocratic orientations, and family socialization. The repertoires of the all-around activists, the duty-based participants, and the low-involved protesters are mixed and include all forms of political participation. However, there is a slightly noticeable trend toward the repertoire of an assertive citizen among the low-involved protesters and the apolitical volunteers.},
  author = {Imbrasaitė, Jûratė and Genys, Dainius},
  doi = {10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.1.29797},
  journal = {Public Policy and Administration},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {94-110},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Emerging Repertoires of Political Participation in Lithuania: A Latent Class Analysis},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.21.1.29797},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2022
}

@article{zohar2022relationship,
  abstract = {Several studies show that political violence justification (PVJ) is associated with unfavourable social and economic characteristics such as poor education, low income, and poverty at the national level. However, the mechanisms by which these factors interact remain unclear. This study aims to find out whether poverty at the country level (contextual poverty) moderates the relationship between individuals? educational level and household income, and PVJ in the European Union (EU).We perform an analysis using a dataset of 15.347 individuals from twelve EU countries who participated in the European Values Survey, 2017. Logistic regressions models with interaction terms were used to analyze factors related to PVJ. Our findings are twofold.First, we find no evidence of educational level and PVJ's relationship in countries with medium levels of contextual poverty. In contrast, in countries with low levels of contextual poverty, individuals with medium educational level were associated with higher PVJ. Second, individuals living in countries with lower levels of contextual poverty and higher household income were associated with higher PVJ.We conclude that more individuals tend to justify political violence in countries with lower contextual poverty levels?individuals with medium educational level and higher household income. To our knowledge, this is the first study to find evidence that education and socioeconomic status may amplify PVJ in the EU.},
  author = {Zohar, Gabriel and Domènech-Abella, Joan and De Backer, Free and Lombaerts, Koen},
  doi = {10.1080/2474736X.2022.2031233},
  journal = {Political Research Exchange},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-21},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {The relationship between level of education and household income in the justification of political violence in the EU. the moderating effect of poverty at the country level},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/2474736X.2022.2031233},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2022
}

@article{kieran2022religions,
  abstract = {Religions and beliefs are complex, contested and challenging aspects of the educational systems and cultural landscapes both in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and in Northern Ireland (NI); part of a long and protracted history of colonial oppression and political struggles underpinned by religious and ethnic divisions. The deficit in the literature on third-level students’ attitudes to religion and belief in the ROI and NI was a springboard to this multi-disciplinary funded research. Perspectives of 900 second-year university initial teacher education (ITE) and social science students, from 6 tertiary educational contexts were explored within an analytical framework provided by the European Values Survey and the European Social Survey for understanding values and beliefs among its citizenry. The research was undertaken to understand students’ attitudes to a belief diverse society involving newly arrived immigrant and refugee groups. The authors argue that based on the research findings key issues such as religious or belief bias, and fear of religious or belief other, emerge for student stakeholders which will inform their professional practice(s). Research of this nature is particularly important in the context of Ireland (ROI and NI) where religious diversity has underpinned political turmoil and educational and cultural division in the past.},
  author = {Kieran, Patricia and Parker-Jenkins, Marie and Ryan, Anne},
  doi = {10.1080/01416200.2020.1775552},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {01416200},
  journal = {British Journal of Religious Education},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {38-52},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religions and beliefs in changing times: perspectives of student stakeholders in third-level educational contexts in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2020.1775552},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{hajdinjak2022political,
  abstract = {The chapter looks into the determinants of political trust in Central Europe. We focus on four types of political trust determinants: policy outcomes-based explanations; policy congruence and political distance; support for key democratic principles; and general and particular social trust. Our findings suggest the quality of public administration has an important role in facilitating citizens’ support for the political regime. Focusing on democratic values, we find that both democratic and autocratic preferences boost political trust. When considering ideological and policy congruence, we find that traditional worldviews, as well as left-right proximity to the current government, also have an effect on political trust. Finally, where populist parties are in power, trust in government is higher.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Hajdinjak, Sanja and Mišić, Gorana and Kolarić, Tamara},
  booktitle = {Behind the Illiberal Turn: Values in Central Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13090},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004514041_003},
  editor = {Hajdinjak, Sanja and Chromková Manea, Beatrice and Chytílek, Roman},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9789004514041},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {12-40},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Political (Dis)Trust in Central Europe: Mechanisms and Regional Variation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004514041_003},
  year = 2022
}

@article{vandecasteele2022changing,
  abstract = {We use representative longitudinal panel data from the Dutch European Values Survey (EVS) to study whether the COVID-19 pandemic shifted opinions about how a woman's full-time employment impacts family life. The data was collected before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2017 and in May 2020. The analysis focuses on groups whose unpaid and paid work situation changed abruptly with the COVID-19 pandemic: parents with coresident children, and those who experienced a change in paid workload that clashes with traditional gender role expectations, namely women whose workload increased and men whose workload decreased or who stopped working. We found that groups that faced an abrupt change in their paid and unpaid work routines that clashed with their previously held gender attitude changed their gender attitude in alignment with the new paid or unpaid work situation. For women in couple households with children, this meant that they saw a halt in their progression toward gender egalitarian attitudes. For those who experienced a change in paid workload that clashes with traditional gender role norms, it meant stronger progression toward gender egalitarian attitudes. The results are interpreted on the basis of cognitive dissonance theory and exposure theory and placed in the context of previous findings.},
  author = {Vandecasteele, Leen and Ivanova, Katya and Sieben, Inge and Reeskens, Tim},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1111/gwao.12874},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {09686673},
  journal = {Gender, Work & Organization},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {2012-2033},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Changing attitudes about the impact of women's employment on families: The COVID-19 pandemic effect},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12874},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2022
}

@article{lee2023union,
  abstract = {This article explores the role of union-centered brokerage in promoting women’s labor force participation in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries for the last three decades. Using two measures of brokerage, a union’s core brokerage role, and its general brokerage role, we attempted to capture the processes by which union activists mobilize and extend women’s rights in associational fields. Then, we tested our key argument that union-centered brokerage plays the most effective role among the different brokerage types in channeling women’s interests by transforming them into wider class-linked or cross-class concerns. Cross-national and comparative case studies demonstrate that union-led brokerage promotes greater presence of women in the economy. Our findings revealed that, when controlling for economic, regional, and cultural factors, both types of brokerage roles impact women’s participation in the labor market and their participation compared to that of men. The overall findings underscore the importance of creating and utilizing solidarity structures through effective channeling mechanisms in civic associational fields between labor-based organizations and other reform-oriented civic groups in achieving egalitarian socioeconomic goals.},
  author = {Lee, Cheol-Sung and Goh, Taekyeong},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152221108139},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {22-56},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Union brokerage and the gender gap in the labor market: A cross-national comparative study of associational networks and gendered labor force participation in OECD countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152221108139},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2023
}

@book{kohlenberger2022soziale,
  abstract = {Wie leben geflüchtete Frauen in Österreich, welche Ressourcen bringen sie mit, mit welchen Herausforderungen sind sie konfrontiert? Ein Einblick in die Lebenswelt weiblicher Geflüchteter aus Syrien und Afghanistan, die zahlenmäßig zunehmen, aber im öffentlichen Diskurs abseits der Kopftuchdebatte kaum vorkommen. Auf Basis einer gemischtmethodischen Erhebung werden soziale Kontakte, Bildung, Bildungsaspirationen, Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt, Diskriminierungserfahrungen und die Rolle der Familie und der Familienarbeit für gelungene Inklusion beleuchtet. Zahlen, Daten, Fakten werden präzise eingeordnet und mit Einzelberichten kontrastiert. Ein Wegweiser für den Abbau von Vorurteilen und ein gelungenes Miteinander in der Migrationsgesellschaft.},
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Kohlenberger, Judith and Heyne, Sophia and Rengs, Bernhard and Buber-Ennser, Isabella},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748931331},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft},
  series = {Migration & Integration},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Soziale Inklusion geflüchteter Frauen: Zur Rolle der Familie und Familienarbeit},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748931331},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2022
}

@article{brechon2022russians,
  abstract = {In issue 443 of Futuribles last summer, we published some of the lessons from the latest European Values Study (EVS) carried out in 2017-18. In that article, Pierre Bréchon stressed the — still very marked — differences in values between the various geographical areas of Europe (West/South/East; EU members or non-members; the Nordic countries). In this article, co-written with Myriam Désert, he focuses now on the peculiarities of Russian society, analyzing the findings of the EVS surveys carried out in Russia since 1999 and comparing these with the findings from Europe in 2017. Russians have a reputation for relatively illiberal and authoritarian values, a view bolstered by their support for Vladimir Putin over the last 20 years, but is this reputation deserved?Bréchon and Désert first remind us of the approach the EVS takes to the notion of democracy and how it surveys for it. They go on to look at Russians’ aspirations for the advancement of a democratic system, recalling in the process how the weight of their history plays into some responses. They highlight the strong nationalist, xenophobic sentiments of the Russian people, but when the objectives they view as important are examined in detail, the article shows that pro-democratic opinions are tending to make headway. And, though not very politicized or much inclined toward protest, Russians aspire to be heard by their leaders. Lastly, the authors turn to the development of social ties in Russia, stressing the correlation that usually exists between the strength of those ties and democratic aspirations: they show, for example, that the breakdown of social bonds in recent decades has played an important role in causing nationalist, authoritarian values to predominate, but that the levers the government previously relied on to consolidate those values are losing a little of their effectiveness on account of the country’s deteriorating social and economic situation. The authoritarian tendency is still largely dominant and movement away from it is very slow, but it does seem to have begun.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre and Desert, Myriam},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.446.0037},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 1,
  pages = {37-52},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Do Russians hold illiberal, authoritarian values?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/futur.446.0037},
  volume = 446,
  year = 2022
}

@article{skewes2023national,
  abstract = {Inequality affects how people make social decisions. Laboratory research has shown that when income inequality is simulated using cooperative economic games, groups with higher inequality often generate less wealth overall, with poorer group members receiving the worst outcomes. This study links these experimental findings to real world inequality and applies a decision model to explain the effects in terms of social decision-making dynamics. Using a pre-existing dataset from 255 groups playing a public goods game in thirteen economically diverse societies, we show that in nations with higher inequality, groups contribute less (Research question (RQ) 1). Further, we find that higher inequality is associated with lower optimism regarding others’ contributions at the outset of the game and increased sensitivity to others’ contributions, which accelerates the decay of cooperation (RQ2). These effects might be explained by national differences in social capital as expressed by trust and adherence to civic norms (RQ3). Using the European Values Survey, we replicate the negative association between inequality and contributions to a public good by examining national volunteering rates (RQ4).},
  author = {Skewes, Joshua C. and Nockur, Laila},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100112},
  issn = {26666227},
  journal = {Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {National inequality, social capital, and public goods decision-making},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100112},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{espiritosanto2022gender,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Espírito-Santo, Ana and Weeks, Ana Catalano},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Portuguese Politics},
  editor = {Fernandes, Jorge M. and Magalhães, Pedro C. and Pinto, António Costa},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {407-422},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Gender and Politics in Portugal},
  year = 2022
}

@book{tatar2022democracy,
  abstract = {How do post-communist citizens engage in the new democracies of Eastern Europe after decades of repressive control exerted by the communist regimes? Are people's involvement in post-communist politics influenced by generic socioeconomic and attitudinal traits, or is it primarily driven by selective mobilization opportunities provided by social networks and organizations? Democracy without Engagement?: Understanding Political Participation in Post-Communist Romania presents a broad framework for conceptualizing and measuring citizen participation and applies it to Romania as a typical post-communist democracy illustrating the low rates of political activism in the region. Separate chapters examine post-communist citizens' participation in elections, attempts to influence authorities beyond voting, cognitive engagement in politics, and direct involvement in local decision-making. Using large-N statistical analyses, the author argues that individuals' socioeconomic and attitudinal characteristics have relatively weak influences on citizen participation in the post-communist context. Instead, various organizations and social networks act as politically recruiting and mobilizing agents, driving citizen participation into political actions that can challenge or strengthen democracy. In the absence of a well-developed participatory political culture that would enable citizens to act autonomously in the political sphere, the persistence of post-communist democracies largely depends on the goals and methods pursued by these mobilizing agents.},
  address = {Lanham},
  author = {Tătar, Marius},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4973 ; ZA5234},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  study-id = {EB71.3 ; EB73.4},
  title = {Democracy Without Engagement?: Understanding Political Participation in Post-communist Romania},
  year = 2022
}

@article{soboleva2022determinants,
  abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of work values and socio-demographic characteristics upon the link between life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The European Values Study (EVS) 2008–2009 is used as the dataset. The sample is limited to those who have paid jobs (28,653 cases). Findings Socio-demographic characteristics matter more than work values in explaining the effect of job satisfaction on life satisfaction. The association between life satisfaction and job satisfaction is stronger for higher educated individuals and those who are self-employed and weaker for women, married individuals, religious individuals and those who are younger. Extrinsic and intrinsic work values significantly influence life satisfaction independent of the level of job satisfaction. Practical implications It is important to pay attention to the working conditions and well-being of the core of the labour force, in other words, of those who are ready to invest more in their jobs. Also, special attention should be given to self-employment. Originality/value The paper compares the roles of work values and of socio-demographic characteristics as predictors of the association between job satisfaction and life satisfaction. It shows that the role of job in person's life depends largely on demographic factors, religiosity and socio-economic factors.},
  author = {Soboleva, Natalia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1108/IJSSP-06-2021-0152},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0144333X},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {11-12},
  pages = {1180-1198},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The determinants of the link between life satisfaction and job satisfaction across Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-06-2021-0152},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2022
}

@article{murgas2022social,
  abstract = {In the paper, we understand social capital as a variable that affects the quality of life. A variable whose change affects another variable is called a predictor. The paper is based on Putnam’s understanding of social capital with the dimensions of trust, norms and networks. Trust is considered the most important dimension, and for the purposes of the paper social capital is identified with trust. Quality of life is a holistic concept with two dimensions expressing an assessment of satisfaction with life. After society became richer—in the 1960’s in the West and, after the collapse of the bipolar world, also in Central and Eastern Europe—the need for quantity was replaced by the need for quality. The paper is focused on Czechia, with social capital as a predictor of quality of life being investigated geographically at the level of districts. According to the research hypothesis, social capital will have a strong influence on the quality of life of residents in Czechia, i.e., it will be its predictor. To test the validity of the research hypothesis, research was conducted. The aim of the paper is to outline the epistemology of social capital from the aspect of quality of life, description of quality of life and then to test the validity of the research hypothesis by measurements. The result of the quantification of social capital and quality of life at the level of districts and their correlation is important from an epistemological point of view for two reasons. The first is to question the generally accepted premise of the position of social capital as a strong predictor of quality of life. The second is the recognition that the premise of the position of social capital as a strong predictor of quality of life applies in the districts with the highest quality of life.},
  author = {Murgaš, František and Petrovič, František and Tirpáková, Anna},
  doi = {10.3390/ijerph19106185},
  issn = {16604601},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1-17},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Social Capital as a Predictor of Quality of Life: The Czech Experience},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106185},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@book{dellmuth2023legitimacy,
  abstract = {Once staunch advocates of international cooperation, political elites are increasingly divided over the merits of global governance. Populist leaders attack international organizations for undermining national democracy, while mainstream politicians defend their importance for solving transboundary problems. Bridging international relations, comparative politics, and cognitive psychology, Lisa Dellmuth and Jonas Tallberg explore whether, when, and why elite communication shapes the popular legitimacy of international organizations. Based on novel theory, experimental methods, and comparative evidence, they show that elites are influential in shaping how citizens perceive global governance and explain why some elites and messages are more effective than others. The book offers fresh insights into major issues of our day, such as the rise of populism, the power of communication, the backlash against global governance, and the relationship between citizens and elites. It will be of interest to scholars and students of international organisations, and experimental and survey research methods.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Dellmuth, Lisa and Tallberg, Jonas},
  doi = {10.1017/9781009222020},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Legitimacy Politics: Elite Communication and Public Opinion in Global Governance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009222020},
  year = 2023
}

@article{guglielmi2021italians,
  abstract = {The article investigates, theoretically and empirically, the mechanisms underlying the link between the normative and affective dimensions of national identity, perceived threats (realistic and symbolic), and outgroup trust‐related emotions as predictors of support for migrant employment policy based on the nativist argument. The National Identity Threat Trust model (NITT) is theorized and tested. Empirically, structural equation modelling was performed on survey data from the last wave of EVS Italy (2017). The analysis showed that the ethnic majoritarian conception has a positive impact on perceived collective threats (realistic and symbolic) and trust‐related emotions, which in turn influence support for discriminatory migrant employment policy. The civil conception contributes indirectly to increasing support for native employment priority via positive association with the perception of economic and symbolic threats. Citizens close to right-wing nativist parties exhibit a similar relationship structure to the rest of population. However, the “nativist” politicization of attitudes towards immigrants makes the symbolic threat a particularly salient factor.},
  author = {Guglielmi, Simona},
  doi = {10.4000/qds.4754},
  journal = {Quaderni di sociologia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 45,
  pages = {37-64},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {“Italians, first!” Unpacking the link between nationalism and immigrant discrimination},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.4754},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2021
}

@article{eriksson2022liberal,
  abstract = {Objectives: Women’s healthcare is a potential source of cross-cultural conflicts. Diverging values between healthcare providers and patients challenges the provision of culturally sensitive care and meeting migrant women’s needs. The aim is to investigate healthcare providers’ values in relation to sexual and reproductive rights, gender equality, migration and religion in Swedish sexual and reproductive healthcare.Methods: A national cross-sectional study was carried out. The questionnaire was distributed through a non-probability sample to midwives or other nurses, gynaecologists and obstetricians, and hospital social workers (n = 1,041). Through descriptive statistics, we mapped their values, comparing healthcare provider data to external representative population survey data.Results: Healthcare providers in sexual and reproductive healthcare displayed homogeneous liberal social values, being permissive towards sexual and reproductive rights and restrictive against gender-based violence. They were for gender equality, expressed low anti-immigrant sentiments, and had even more liberal values than the Swedish population and a demographically comparative sub-population.Conclusion: Individuals with very liberal values are selected to work in Swedish sexual and reproductive healthcare. Healthcare providers need self-reflexivity to avoid conflicts in clinical encounters in a diversified society. },
  author = {Eriksson, Lise and Tibajev, Andrey and Vartanova, Irina and Strimling, Pontus and Essén, Birgitta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.3389/ijph.2022.1605000},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1661-8564},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {The Liberal Social Values of Swedish Healthcare Providers in Women’s Healthcare: Implications for Clinical Encounters in a Diversified Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1605000},
  volume = 67,
  year = 2022
}

@article{fradua2023moral,
  abstract = {This article asks whether attitudes towards the moral obligation to care for parents is a gender issue that is generalisable to all European countries, or whether different models of the welfare state and provision of assistance to older people are factors that modify the views of informal carers. To this end, the article analyses the European Values Study as applied to five countries which, according to previous correspondence, represent different cultural models: Norway, Germany, Russia, Italy and Spain. The article provides an analysis of each of these countries in order to identify the impact of sociodemographic variables (sex and living together with parents), as well as a comparative analysis aimed at identifying differ-ences and similarities among different models of welfare (Scandinavian, former communist, Central European and familialist). The aim is to determine whether the associated factors have an individual character, with a strong gender impact, or rather a cultural character, with the welfare model providing a strong associated impact. The analysis reveals that in the case of opinions gathered in different European countries, the model of welfare appears as the most influential associated factor. Similarly, it can be said that despite the existence of strongly familialist welfare models in southern Europe, Spain moves towards a greater resemblance to central European countries on this issue.},
  author = {Fradua, Iratxe Aristegui and Marañón, Usue Beloki and Cabrera, María Silvestre},
  doi = {10.5565/rev/papers.3170},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Papers},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The moral assumption of care for parents:a gender issue?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.3170},
  volume = 108,
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{asuyama2022learning,
  abstract = {Most entrepreneurs learn entrepreneurial skills while working as employees. Thus, em ployees’ opportunities to learn entrepreneurial skills are expected to substantially inf luence the economy’sentrepreneurship rate and entrepreneurial performance. However, previous studies have assessed such learning opportunities using indirect, rough measurements. This study utilizes a more direct and comprehensive measure. I first analyze entrepreneurs’ tasks by using information on 47 tasks from 31 countries and find that entrepreneurs perform more autonomous and diverse tasks, financial and managerial tasks, and fewer clerical tasks than employees. Next, using individual-level data from 23 countries in 2012–2017, I demonstrate that employees’ greater learning opportunities for entrepreneurial tasks increase individuals’ self-perceived entrepreneurial skills and their probability of becoming an entrepreneur. These relationships are generally robust to alternative learning opportunity indices, instrumental variable estimations, omitted variable bias, and learning-environment-level regressions. My bound estimates imply that a 1-st andard-deviation increase in an employee’s opportunities to learn entrepreneurial tasks in creases the probability of an individual becoming an entrepreneur by 0.5–1.5 percentage points, which is equivalent to 4%–12% of the mean entrepreneurship rate. By contrast, having more opportunities to learn entrepreneurial tasks does not result in a higher level of employment or innovativeness in entrepreneurs’ businesses.},
  address = {Chiba},
  author = {Asuyama, Yoko},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.20561/00053486},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  institution = {Institute of Developing Economies (IDE-JETRO)},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {other},
  number = 860,
  series = {IDE Discussion Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Learning entrepreneurship as an employee},
  url = {http://doi.org/10.20561/00053486},
  year = 2022
}

@article{jordaan2023economic,
  abstract = {Whereas there is substantial evidence that economic freedom generates positive growth effects, much less is known about how social values impact the institutional framework underlying economic freedom. We address this gap in the literature, using panel data for a heterogeneous group of countries for the period 1980–2010 to examine whether post materialism influences the growth effect of economic freedom. Using instrumental variable estimation techniques within a three stages least square framework, we find that Fraser's economic freedom index and several of its components generate positive direct growth effects. Post materialism generates a negative direct growth effect. We also identify a positive indirect effect from post materialism that runs via economic freedom and its underlying components onto economic growth. These findings indicate that post materialism influences the institutional framework underlying economic freedom and that economic freedom acts as a transmission channel of economic effects of social values.},
  author = {Jordaan, Jacob A.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100416},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {25902911},
  journal = {Social Sciences & Humanities Open},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-10},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Economic freedom, post materialism and economic growth},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100416},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2023
}

@book{csehi2021politics,
  abstract = {The book assesses the development of the Orbán regime in Hungary after 2010 through analyzing the polity-politics-policy impacts from a perspective of populism as an ideology focusing on discourse and actual decisions. By closely scrutinizing political narratives, actual decisions and survey data, this volume offers a systematic analysis of the impact of populism on the polity-politics-policy aspects of the political in Hungary after 2010. It analyzes the uses of constitutionalism and discriminatory legalism, the changes in the quality of democracy, the government’s relationship with media and journalism, its influence over the party system and EU politics, and its approach to family and cultural policies. While each chapter in the volume describes the findings in response to the corresponding literature highlighting the added value of the individual analyses, the book interprets the overall results under the notion of "smart populism" where the moral definition of "the people" allows for little political opposition, "the elite" is selected based on its multifaceted applicability for a political narrative and "the will of the people" is determined from above. The volume also suggests responses to "smart populism". The book will be of particular interest to students and scholars of democracy, party politics the rise of populism and contemporary Hungarian politics.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Csehi, Robert},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003035862},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Politics of Populism in Hungary},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003035862},
  year = 2021
}

@article{cohal2021lingua,
  abstract = {In researching the relationship between identity and language, the term 'Romanianness' describes a trend in thinking which is specific to socio-human studies and favours the comparative approach 'us' / 'them', or 'us then' / 'us now', through which identity features can be seen to change in time and space. The paper aims to discuss the linguistic dimension of Romanianness, reporting on the way in which ‘language’ is represented today as an element of the identity construct here called Romanianness, as compared to the initial moment of establishing the Romanian language as a national language, in the 19th century. From one historical phase to another, the Romanian state continued its centralist policies, including language related policies. What was motivated in Romania in 1859 by special historical circumstances, namely the need to quickly establish a strong and homogeneous state, with a view to gaining the allegiance of its new citizens, continued towards centralizing cultural and linguistic policies during the Communist dictatorship, and persisted even after its fall. In the period 1990-2020, in the Romanian identity landscape we witnessed the centrality of the Romanian language in the linguistic repertoire of its citizens, to the detriment of the stimulation of dialects or languages of national minorities. Over time, there has been a slight increase in ethno nationalism, as a result of the intensification of the dominant and homogenizing position of the Romanian language, as well as insufficient implementation of school multilingualism, in regions where national minorities live. With Romania’s access to the European Union, multilingualism policies have not produced positive changes relevant to the 14 minority languages, while the relation of the majority of citizens to the national linguistic repertoire and to Romanianness in general preserves almost unchaged the elements of the famous Herderian triad: ‘Ein Volk, ein Land, eine Sprache’.},
  author = {Cohal, Alexandru-Laurenţiu},
  journal = {Philologica Jassyensia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {2 },
  pages = {11-24},
  title = {Lingua romena e romenità (Romanian Language and Romanianness)},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1011026},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2021
}

@article{parth2022backlash,
  abstract = {The gender gap in voting for far-right parties is significant in many European countries. While most studies focus on how men and women differ in their nationalist and populist attitudes, it is unknown how the socio-economic and political promotion of women is associated with the gender gap in far-right political orientation. The following paper compares the effect of four different spheres of gender equality on this gender gap. By estimating multilevel logit models for more than 25 European countries and testing the mechanism via a socially conservative attitude toward gendered division of work, I find that the visible field of representation in particular&mdash;measured by the share of women in parliament and women on boards&mdash;is associated with a gender gap in far-right orientation. This paper contributes to the literature in two important ways: first, it combines policy feedback with cultural backlash theory, enlarging the scope of both theories; second, it demonstrates the importance of gender equality policies for the study of the far-right gender gap.},
  author = {Parth, Anne-Marie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.3390/socsci11100428},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {20760760},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Backlash by Men against the Socio-Economic and Political Promotion of Women in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100428},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2022
}

@article{delhey2023existential,
  abstract = {In many, but not all situations it is easier to be trusting from a position of security. This paper addresses trust’s relationship with perceived insecurities induced by the coronavirus pandemic. Looking at social trust (trust in strangers) and institutional trust (trust in the government and in the public health-care system), we explore whether individuals’ trust is negatively or positively associated with economic fears and health fears. Using panel data from Germany for 2020, 2021, and 2022 we find in cross-sectional analysis that institutional trust – but not social trust – is strengthened by health fears and weakened by economic fears. Longitudinal analysis shows that changes in health fears – but not in economic fears – increase social and institutional trust. Our results indicate that only health fears are threatening enough to suspend the otherwise tight-knit syndrome of security and trust.},
  author = {Delhey, Jan and Steckermeier, Leonie C. and Boehnke, Klaus and Deutsch, Franziska and Eichhorn, Jan and Kühnen, Ulrich and Welzel, Christian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1080/21515581.2023.2223184},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {21515581},
  journal = {Journal of Trust Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {140-163},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Existential insecurity and trust during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Germany},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2023.2223184},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2023
}

@article{andriani2022morale,
  abstract = {Citizens' tax compliance should not only respond to the quality of formal institutions, but might also be culturally driven. We contribute to this literature by investigating whether tax morale, an individual's intrinsic non-pecuniary motivation to comply with taxes, is associated with the cultural values (following Hofstede's typology) held by this individual. The analysis exploits four waves of the European Values Survey (1981–2010) across 48 countries. The cultural dimensions are constructed through a polychoric principal component analysis on a set of relevant survey items consistent with Hofstede's definitions. Ordered logit estimations suggest that although values of individualism and femininity are associated with higher individual's tax morale, power distance and uncertainty avoidance are associated with lower tax morale. These results remain consistent as we increase the level of granularity of our investigation through within-region analyses and, subsequently, within-cohort analyses. We argue that these results inevitably enrich the emerging debate about cultural values and citizens' compliance with formal institutions. They also indicate that societal culture as well as individual values should be considered when designing policies aiming to improve tax compliance.},
  author = {Andriani, Luca and Bruno, Randolph and Douarin, Elodie and Stepien-Baig, Paulina},
  doi = {10.1017/S1744137421000072},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {17441374},
  journal = {Journal of Institutional Economics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {67-84},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Is tax morale culturally driven?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137421000072},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2022
}

@article{roszczynskakurasinska2023technological,
  abstract = {Citizen science is a social innovation that has recently been recognized by social initiatives as a possible tool to increase participation, build knowledge, and raise civic awareness. In order to work efficiently, citizen science requires the adoption of proper technological solutions by a critical mass of people. According to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, people are more likely to adopt a technology that is compatible with their norms, values, and beliefs. In our research, we studied technological solutions that Polish environmental civic initiatives are using in order to diagnose their potential to implement citizen science projects and increase citizen participation. We interviewed 28 board representatives, managers, and initiators of social movements and conducted desk research of 65 social movements in Poland. Every technological solution was recorded and later categorized. The diagnostic analysis of the technological advancement of grassroots movements in Poland reveals that the full potential for launching citizen science projects has not yet been reached. First of all, the recognition of the citizen science approach is still low. Secondly, grassroots movements operate using standard and easily accessible technological solutions, rarely developing tailored and more advanced technologies that would enable people to be involved in citizen science projects.},
  author = {Roszczyńska-Kurasińska, Magdalena and Wróblewska, Nina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.3390/su15065031},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {20711050},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Technological Innovations for Citizen Environmental Participation: Case of Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065031},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{tamas2022trsadalmi,
  abstract = {Általánosságban egy válsághelyzet (legyen az belső vagy külső hatás révén) egy korábban ismeretlen, gyorsan változó helyzetekre való reagálást kíván meg egy-egy országtól, településtől, szervezettől, intézménytől egyaránt. Az addigi (válságot megelőző) feladatok ellátása nehezebbé válik, miközben újabbak jelennek meg. Egy-egy válság azonban a negatív hatások mellett, pozitív változásokat is hordozhat: ilyen például, hogy felgyorsulhat a technikai és a kommunikációs innováció, ezzel együtt (akár) javulhat a kormányzási, vagy szervezeti szintek közötti kooperáció, megerősödhetnek a társadalmi hálózatok (együttműködés fokozása) és a hatások feldolgozása után lehetőség nyílik a válság utáni időszakra előre tervezni úgy a károk enyhítése, mint a tanulságok levonása terén egyaránt. A Covid-19 világjárvány nemcsak a válságkezelés fontosságára hívta fel a figyelmet, hanem azt is bemutatta, hogy különböző országok, milyen intézkedéseket, megoldásokat eszközöltek a gazdasági-társadalmi környezet fenntartása és újraindítása terén. Mindez megkerülhetetlenül érintette a közszolgálat és a különféle közszolgáltatásokat egyaránt. Jelen elemzés egyik célja, megvizsgálni, hogy a koronavírus-járvány, pontosabban annak hatásai milyen következményeket, változásokat eredményezett a közszolgálat megítélése kapcsán, továbbá arra is fölhívja a figyelmet, hogy a változó hatások fényében mennyiben szorulnak esetleges irányváltásra a korábbi közmenedzsment reform modellek. },
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Tamás, Csanády Márton},
  booktitle = {Business, Arts and Culture Metropolitan Scholar: Nyitottan A Változásra – Írások A 70 Éves},
  editor = {Richárd, Izmindi and Ferenc, Kiss},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {49-65},
  publisher = {Budapesti Metropolitan Egyetem},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Társadalmi Önszerveződés magyarországon (és Ukrajnában)},
  url = {https://www.metropolitan.hu/upload/50adec626da8b33f5d531d969e69b12320d13c75.pdf#page=50},
  year = 2022
}

@article{drazanova2021educational,
  abstract = {Cultural norms connected to the role of women in society have been changing in Italy. This article asks whether educational expansion and declining religiosity act as possible change-inducing factors to foster gender egalitarianism and if so, whether they influence all age groups or only the young in their formative years. I employ a hierarchical age-period-cohort cross-classified random effects model across sixteen cohorts based on micro-level data from the European Values Study’s (1990 - 2020) Italian sample integrated with historical and contemporary contextual measures of educational expansion and secularization. Results show that overall, the changes over time in gender egalitarianism attributable to education and religiosity are mostly driven by period effects, not cohort replacement. I do not find socialization experiences connected to levels of (female) education and religiosity common to particular cohorts to result in distinct gender egalitarian attitudes of these cohorts.},
  author = {Dražanová, Lenka},
  journal = {Quaderni di sociologia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 65,
  pages = {135-160},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Educational expansion and declining religiosity in Italy: a pathway to support for gender egalitarianism among men and women?},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74639},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2021
}

@article{liu2022materialism,
  abstract = {Tocqueville suggested that materialism may result in a lower level of political participation and lower support for democracy. In this study, using the joint dataset of the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS) 2017-2020, we examine the influence of materialism/post-materialism on people’s support for democracy. From a hierarchical linear model, our results indicate that materialism against post-materialism is associated with a lower level of support for democracy, which supports Tocqueville’s theory. Furthermore, using causal mediation analysis, we find that political participation mediates 9.92% of the effect of materialism/post-materialism on support for democracy. Our results show that materialism/post-materialism is an important determinant to people’s support for democracy. Political participation is an important mechanism for the association between materialism/post-materialism and support for democracy.},
  author = {Liu, Yongbo and Lihe, Shen},
  doi = {10.52166/jsps.v3i4.129},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  journal = {Journal of Social Political Sciences},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {332-355},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Materialism versus Post-Materialism, Political Participation and Attitudes towards Democracy: An Empirical Examination of Toqueville's Idea},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.52166/jsps.v3i4.129},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2022
}

@article{mihalik2022mainstreaming,
  abstract = {In our research article, we expect that the job attitudes of men and women should converge, and their declared different preferences for job attributes should decrease. We also expect that the preference for job attributes aimed at comfortable working conditions should be closer between men and women due to the growing balance of men’s and women’s role distribution within the household. Therefore, the main goal of the research, using quantitative research methods and using data from the European Values Study (EVS), is to identify the gender differences, if any, in the preferences for external and internal job attributes across selected EU member states. In particular, we focus on the importance of work for men and women; gender differences in job attributes; the preference for external and internal job attributes; the inclination of gender stereotypes and attitudes toward gender roles division; and the comparison of gender equality and job attribute preference in the selected EU countries. Our conclusions confirmed parallels between gender stereotypes and equality among the Western, Eastern, and Southern EU member states.},
  author = {Mihálik, Jaroslav and Matejková, Alexandra},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.3390/su14084655},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {20711050},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Mainstreaming the Gender: Measuring the Job Attributes and Gender Differences across Selected EU Member States},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084655},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2022
}

@article{prodi2023informal,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the relationship between informal institutions and resilience across EU regions in the years following the 2008 Great Recession. By using voluntary work as a proxy for informal institutions, we analyse its association with regional resilience over two different periods: the resistance phase (2008–2010) and the recovery phase (2010–2013). Overall, we find robust evidence that voluntary work is positively associated with greater regional resilience. Our results also show that there is a relation between voluntary work and formal institutions, represented by welfare state models. Overall, the effect of voluntary work is always positive for strong welfare states, but its effect is mitigated by the presence of public provisions. Additionally, in regions with a relatively weaker institutional context, informal institutions retain their positive effect. However, in this context, informal institutions appear to take more time to deploy their effects, but their positive impact on regional labour market recovery is even stronger than in other welfare regimes, probably due to the poor public support that characterises this welfare system.},
  author = {Prodi, Elena and Ghinoi, Stefano and Rubini, Lauretta and Silvestri, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s40888-022-00293-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1973820X},
  journal = {Economia Politica},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {189–223},
  pages = {1-35},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Do informal institutions matter for the economic resilience of European regions? A study of the post-2008 shock},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-022-00293-5},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2023
}

@article{verhoeven2022innovation,
  abstract = {The world has made enormous moral progress since the 1980s. People emphasize universal emancipative values and freedom more. In this research, the role of media use and interpersonal communication therein is studied from a diffusion of innovations perspective. A secondary analysis of World Values Survey data from the Netherlands was conducted (N = 4281). Emancipative values are widely supported; however, worries about loss of freedom and moral regress increasingly lead to societal conflicts. The results show value gaps and different uses of media between adoption categories, especially between laggards and others. Multimedia use is correlated to supporting emancipative values. Early adopters use news media most, while early majority and laggards use digital media more. Outcomes such as lower levels of connectedness in combination with higher standard deviations for emancipative values indicate that media and interpersonal communication can help include laggards more in supporting emancipative values and resolving social conflicts.},
  author = {Verhoeven, Piet},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1080/15205436.2022.2070501},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {15205436},
  journal = {Mass Communication and Society},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {173-195},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Innovation of Values: Exploring the Role of News Media Exposure and Communication in Moral Progress in the Netherlands},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2070501},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2024
}

@article{buchmayr2023variationen,
  abstract = {In der Einstellungs- und Cleavage-Forschung werden zumeist die Determinanten einzelner politischer Konfliktdimensionen, nicht aber deren Überschneidungen analysiert. Mit Daten der European Value Study 2017 werden deshalb typische Kombinationen politischer Einstellungen in der deutschen Bevölkerung identifiziert sowie deren sozialstrukturelle Profile analysiert. Dafür werden durch Faktorenanalysen zunächst drei Konfliktdimensionen identifiziert: Positionen zu individuellen Freiheitsrechten, Umverteilungspräferenzen und Migrationseinstellungen. Auf der Basis dieser Faktoren werden Clusteranalysen durchgeführt und sechs Cluster mit jeweils eigenen politischen Profilen herausgearbeitet, die gleichzeitig mit bestimmten sozialstrukturellen Profilen sowie lebensweltlichen Orientierungen korrespondieren. Die multidimensionale Betrachtung politischer Konflikte zeigt, dass ein vermeintlicher Dualismus zwischen einem Kosmopolitismus der Mittelklasse und einem Kommunitarismus der Arbeiterklasse die Komplexität politischer Auseinandersetzungen unterschätzt. Die starke Korrespondenz zwischen Lebensführung und politischen Einstellungen zeigt zudem, dass die Cluster unterschiedliche Milieutraditionen zu repräsentieren scheinen.},
  author = {Buchmayr, Florian},
  doi = {10.1515/zfsoz-2022-0021},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für Soziologie},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Variationen politischen Denkens – Eine milieutheoretische Untersuchung politischer Einstellungsmuster},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2022-0021},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@article{abellan2023catholics,
  abstract = {This paper employs data from the World Values Survey (1995–2020) and the European Values Study (1999–2020) to test three hypotheses on attitudinal differences between Catholics, Protestants and Muslims: (1) the work ethic hypothesis, which covers attitudes towards work and some fundamental characteristics of the market economy; (2) the social ethic hypothesis, which concerns interpersonal trust, ethical standards and attitudes towards gender equality; (3) the political ethic hypothesis, which involves attitudes towards democracy and political violence, institutional trust and preferences for government-organized redistribution. The empirical analysis provides very little support for the work ethic hypothesis but solid support for the social and political ethic hypothesis. Although the results should be ultimately interpreted as partial correlations, they support the following argument. Market forces and the rise of post-materialist values may have dissolved the original role of a work ethic rooted in religion (especially in the Catholic and Protestant world). Yet, the socio-political ethic associated with Catholicism, Protestantism and Islam continues to manifest itself in attitudinal differences concerning interpersonal trust, ethical standards and gender equality, and in political preferences. A complementary analysis of regions with a historically strong influence of Catholicism, Protestantism and Islam supports this argument and suggests that the current attitudinal differences between the three religions are more related to their cultural and historical legacy than to current personal commitment to their specific doctrines.},
  author = {Abellán, Miguel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2023.02.004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {01475967},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = { 778-815},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2020},
  title = {Catholics, Protestants and Muslims: Similar work ethics, different social and political ethics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2023.02.004},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kolczynska2022combining,
  abstract = {Ex-post harmonization of survey data creates new opportunities for research by extending the geographical and/or time coverage of analyses. Researchers increasingly combine data from different survey projects to analyze them as a single dataset, and while teams engaged in data harmonization continue to expand the information they provide to end users, there are still no commonly agreed standards for the documentation of data processing. Existing harmonization project typically opt for recode scripts that are generally hard to read, modify, and reuse, although some projects make efforts to facilitate verification and reproduction. This paper describes an alternative procedure and a set of simple tools for the exploration, recoding, and documentation of harmonization of survey data, relying on crosswalks. The presented tools are flexible and software-agnostic. The illustrative example uses the programming language R and spreadsheets?both common software choices among social scientists. Harmonization of variables on trust in institutions from four major cross-national survey projects serves as an illustration of the proposed workflow and of opportunities harmonization creates.},
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737ZA7505},
  doi = {10.1177/20597991221077923},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {20597991},
  journal = {Methodological Innovations},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {62-72},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Combining multiple survey sources: A reproducible workflow and toolbox for survey data harmonization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/20597991221077923},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2022
}

@article{nasman2022satisfaction,
  abstract = {The aim of the study is to explore age and language group differences in social capital and life satisfaction, and their associated factors, among Finnish and Swedish speakers in Finland. Data were derived from the European Values Study (EVS), and the sample included 2514 individuals aged 18 years and older. Various regression-based methods were used in the analyses. The results indicate that there are significant differences in social capital between Finnish and Swedish speakers but not in life satisfaction. Nevertheless, a positive association between volunteering and life satisfaction was observed for Finnish speakers. The findings corroborate that structural and cognitive social capital are associated with higher life satisfaction and highlight the potential for promoting well-being in younger and older adults through being actively engaged in and feeling connected to a community. Moreover, special attention should be given to young adults who display the lowest levels of life satisfaction and social capital.},
  author = {Näsman, Marina and Nyqvist, Fredrica},
  doi = {10.51815/fjsr.117102},
  journal = {Finnish Journal of Social Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {45-62},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Life satisfaction and social capital in different age groups in Finland: Data from the European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.51815/fjsr.117102},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{pless2020moral,
  abstract = {Moral traditionalism-progressiveness and authoritarianism-libertarianism are often regarded as highly correlated and thus interchangeable value divides. Recent studies, however, suggest that the overlap between them is only typical of the most secularized societies of Western Europe and is an outcome of processes of secularization. In this chapter, we use the data from the EVS (1990-1999-2008) to study the link between the two value divides across 44 European countries. Our findings suggest that the two divides are virtually unrelated in societies with high levels of contextual traditionalism, as exemplified by Post-Communist Eastern Europe where the two represent different cultural-political dimensions.},
  address = {Bern},
  author = {Pless, Anna and Houtman, Dick},
  booktitle = {Politics of Symbolization Across Central and Eastern Europe},
  editor = {Hałas, Elżbieta and Maslowski, Nicolas},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  isbn = {978-3-631-84538-7},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {187-204},
  publisher = {Peter Lang},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Moral Traditionalism and Authoritarianism in Post-Communist Eastern Europe: Converging Cultural Value Divides?},
  year = 2020
}

@article{salnikova2021fatalism,
  abstract = {The purpose of the study is to analyse the socio-political situation in Belarus, which has changed dramatically after the presidential elections in 2020, the paradox of striving for real social transformation in Belarusian society against the background of a fall in confidence in the mechanisms of how it functions. The assumption about the historical specificity of the Belarusian society and the weakness of its social system is tested using socio-cultural methodology, a historical-analytical method, institutional analysis, statistical analysis. The fatalism of Belarusian politics the authors find lies in the history of the country and in the formation process of its social system.},
  author = {Salnikova, Svіtlana and Yemelianova, Yuliia},
  journal = {European Journal of Tranformation Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {129-151},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The “Fatalism” of Belarusian Politics and the “Social Climate” in the Country},
  url = {https://czasopisma.bg.ug.edu.pl/index.php/journal-transformation/article/view/7014},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2021
}

@article{guetto2022parental,
  abstract = {Background: Children who experience parental divorce have worse long-term educational attainment than children living in intact families. Less clear is the extent to which heterogeneity in the divorce penalty depends on parents’ socioeconomic background and contextual characteristics. Objective: This study focuses on the negative consequences of parental divorce for children’s tertiary education attainment, their heterogeneity by parental socioeconomic background, and variation across time and space. Methods: Single-level and multi-level linear probability models are estimated on several data sources in a comparative analysis of European countries and US regions. Different operationalizations of parental divorce are employed, including both marital and non-marital dissolutions. Results: Results show a stronger negative association between parental divorce and the probability of obtaining a university degree for children of highly educated parents. This holds across different birth cohorts in both Europe and the United States, largely irrespective of the country or region of residence, the dataset, and the operationalization of divorce and parental education. Higher divorce and university enrollment rates increase the absolute size of the divorce penalty, but do not substantially alter its pattern of heterogeneity. Conclusions: Children of high-SES families have more to lose in terms of the family resources relevant to achieving a university degree and are thus more negatively affected by parental divorce. Contribution: The finding that the association between parental divorce and children’s educational attainment is stronger for children of highly educated parents across a variety of social and institutional environments has implications for the role of divorce in the reproduction of social inequalities.},
  author = {Guetto, Raffaele and Bernardi, Fabrizio and Zanasi, Francesca},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2022.46.3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {65-96},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Parental education, divorce, and children’s educational attainment: Evidence from a comparative analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2022.46.3},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2022
}

@article{lous2022becomes,
  abstract = {Literature has established that, on a macroeconomic level, income inequality has a negative effect on average life satisfaction. An unresolved question is, however, which income groups are harmed by income inequality. In this paper we investigate this relationship at the microeconomic level combining national indicators of income inequality with individual data of life satisfaction from the World Values Survey for 39 countries over a period of 25 years. Tests on moderation by income category show that the Gini coefficient is most negatively related to life satisfaction of the lowest income groups, but the negative effects also extends to other income groups. For the income share of the top 1% we find a similar result. These findings show that income inequality is especially a concern for the lower income groups, but that the harmful effect of income inequality also spillovers to the life satisfaction of other income groups.},
  author = {Lous, Bjorn and Graafland, Johan},
  doi = {10.1007/s11482-020-09906-2},
  issn = {18712576},
  journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {299-316},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Who Becomes Unhappy when Income Inequality Increases?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09906-2},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2022
}

@book{vecernik2022social,
  abstract = {This book provides a comparative and contemporary account of social stratification in the Central European states of Czechia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia (the Visegrad Four – V4 group), and also by contrast with Austria. It looks at the shared history of these countries as part of the erstwhile Austro-Hungarian Empire. While the V4 states experienced, for decades, the regressive authoritarian Soviet rule, Austria escaped this fate. The question is how some common historical roots, impact of the communist regime, and transition paths have shaped the specific social structures of V4 countries which differ despite belonging to a relatively homogeneous region. The book examines the changes and developments through analyses of large comparative surveys and other data collected after 1990, most notably using the European Union’s survey “Statistics on Income and Living Conditions” (EU-SILC) that has been fielded since 2005. The book starts with an outline of the long-term developments in key social structure dimensions which occurred during the post-communist transition. The analytical chapters then discuss topics previously not much examined in social stratification perspective: subjective well-being, couples’ status, cultural activities and differences among retirees. This book is intended for social scientists working on stratification research, and, specifically, V4 societies and politics.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Večerník, Jiří},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-09458-3},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series = {SpringerBriefs in Sociology (BRIEFSSOCY)},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; EU-SILC},
  title = {Social Stratification in Central Europe: Long-term Developments and New Issues},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09458-3},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{amores2023figures,
  address = {Lanham (Maryland)},
  author = {Amores, Javier J. and Blanco-Herrero, David and Sánchez-Holgado, Patricia},
  booktitle = {Migrants and Refugees in Southern Europe beyond the News Stories: Photographs, Hate, and Journalists' Perceptions},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  editor = {Calderón, Carlos Arcila and Veglis, Andreas},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {37-58},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The Figures Explaining the Impact of Migration},
  year = 2023
}

@book{bollwein2022einfluss,
  abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie geht der Frage nach, ob universalistische Wohlfahrtsstaaten und deren wohlfahrtsstaatliche Institutionen den Einfluss von Deprivation und Desintegration auf rechtsextreme Einstellungen abschwächen können, da sie für eine soziale und ökonomische Absicherung der Bevölkerung sorgen. Inwieweit der Einfluss von Deprivation und Desintegration auf rechtsextreme Orientierungen auf der Länderebene mit wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Institutionen interagiert, wird bisher in der Fachliteratur kaum thematisiert. Daher wird dies anhand von 24 europäischen Länder mittels einer Mehrebenenanalyse untersucht. Die Datengrundlage auf der Individualebene bildet der European Values-Study-Datensatz der Welle vier. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass rechtsextreme Einstellungen sowie Deprivation bzw. Desintegration in universalistischen Wohlfahrtsstaaten am wenigsten ausgeprägt sind. Allerdings hat dort Deprivation und Desintegration einen deutlich stärkeren Einfluss auf rechtsextreme Orientierungen als in weniger ausgebauten Wohlfahrtsstaaten. Denn auf der einen Seite ist in ausgebauten Wohlfahrtssystem Armut weniger stark verbreitet und wird stärker stigmatisiert. Auf der anderen Seite führen arbeitsmarkt- und sozialpolitische Reformen, die zum Abbau der staatlichen Schutzmechanismen vor dem sozialen und ökonomischen Abstieg führen, dazu, dass sich Abstiegsängste verstärkt herausbilden. Dies begünstigt die Entstehung rechtsextremer Einstellungen.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Bollwein, Thomas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-40278-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Der Einfluss wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Institutionen auf rechtsextreme Einstellungen: Eine Mehrebenenanalyse},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40278-5},
  year = 2022
}

@article{czegledi2023unique,
  abstract = {The Integrated Values Survey shows that the positive relationship between religiosity and market friendliness is a uniquely Western feature. With the help of public choice theory, the author hypothesises that this Western uniqueness is the result of the way the dimensions of political ideologies are formed in the West. The hypothesis is supported by regressing an index of market friendliness on a religiosity index, political identity, and a measure of ‘ideological capital’. Accounting for the latter two, the positive association of religiosity with market friendliness vanishes, even in the West.},
  author = {Czeglédi, Pál},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1111/ecaf.12557},
  gesis-study_no = {10.4232/1.13736 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Economic Affairs},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {73-88},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Why is the West unique in linking religiosity to market friendliness?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12557},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2023
}

@article{akaeda2023trust,
  abstract = {Although previous studies have examined the influence of education on support for redistribution, studies on how this social cleavage of support for redistribution due to education varies depending on several conditions are scarce. To fill this gap, by focusing on the discussions of motivation with self-interest and with the perception of fairness, this study examines the moderation effects of social and institutional trust on the association between education and the demand for redistribution. For the analysis, the present study utilizes pooled data from multiple rounds of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study and two-way fixed-effects models. Through the international comparative analysis, this analysis finds that social trust but not institutional trust dampens the cleavage of support for redistribution due to education. These results suggest that the horizontal aspect of trust may be more influential on preferences for redistribution than the vertical aspect of trust.},
  author = {Akaeda, Naoki},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1177/02685809231167834},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {02685809},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {290-310},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Trust and the educational gap in the demand for redistribution: Evidence from the World Values Survey and the European Value Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809231167834},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{pickel2022religionsunterricht,
  address = {Bielefeld},
  author = {Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Religionsunterricht im Plausibilisierungsstress: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf aktuelle Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen},
  doi = {10.14361/9783839457801-004},
  editor = {Domsgen, Michael and Witten, Ulrike},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {147-160},
  publisher = {transcript Verlag},
  series = {Religionswissenschaft},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religionsunterricht zwischen Säkularisierung und religiöser Pluralisierung: Ein religionssoziologischer Kommentar},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839457801-004},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2022
}

@article{kallatsa2023safety,
  abstract = {In this study, we analyze how do safety and closeness, or the lack of them, affect religious socialization in Finnish families. Our empirical data consist of family interviews and a large survey data. As a result, three key dimensions were found: 1) the atmosphere in families, 2) the atmosphere related to religious communities, and 3) the atmosphere related to one’s own spirituality. Our study suggests several implications both for practice in religious and other communities of existential meaning and for the study of those communities and empirical theologies. The study is part of the international research project “The transmission of religion across generations: a comparative international study of continuities and discontinuities in family socialization”, funded by Templeton Foundation.},
  author = {Kallatsa, Laura and Spännäri, Jenni and Tervo-Niemelä, Kati},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13091},
  doi = {10.1163/15709256-20231144},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7501 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Empirical Theology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {123–142},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Safety and Closeness in Religious Socialization: A Mixed Methods Study of Finnish Families},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/15709256-20231144},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{brechon2023invisibles,
  abstract = {Poverty and social exclusion can be defined as an accumulation of impediments: lack of work and income, bad housing, low education, maltreatment, disempowerment, loss of dignity. Types of poverty are indeed diverse, with the poor including both those who have inherited poverty and those who are newly poor in the age of globalisation. The first group is probably less visible than the second, more claiming. The poor present specificities of values. At the religious level, they are rather more believing – particularly in relation to paradise, and they practise their religion more. The discrepancies between social groups are greater when it comes to political matters. The invisibles are more individualistic and less individualised. They are less politicised but nevertheless more dissatisfied with those in power, and they mobilise less strongly in public action (voting and political protest). They do not easily trust others or institutions. They are less attached to democratic values, and they demonstrate greater xenophobia and nationalism. They therefore share many features of populism. These specificities of political values essentially correspond to perennial trends in poor classes. Differences in religious and political values between countries and geographical areas are also very large. But in each part of Europe, we observe value differences between social groups.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study: In-depth Analysis – Interdisciplinary Perspectives – Future Prospects},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_8},
  editor = {Polak, Regina and Rohs, Patrick},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783031313646},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {englisch},
  pages = {281-311},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Invisibles: Religious and Political Values Among Different Social Classes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_8},
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{vladimirovich2021antimigrant,
  abstract = {The article concerns the study of influence of socio-demographic factors on development of anti-migrant sentiments in the countries of Central Europe. Besides, it determinates their role in the sustainable development of the EU. On the basis of a secondary analysis of sociological research data carried out within the framework of the European Values Study, it was found that older, less educated, poor respondents who have a higher interest in politics have a worse attitude towards migrants. The gender of the respondents did not significantly affect the parameters under study. Finally, the influence of the respondents' religiosity turned out to be multidirectional. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia a higher level of religiosity is followed by a more positive attitude towards migrants, in contrast to Poland and Hungary, where the opposite influence of this factor was recorded. Thus, it was determined that for the sustainable development ofthe EU, it is necessary to focus efforts in overcoming anti-migrant sentiments precisely on the identified groups of the population that have a predisposition to treat immigrants worse.},
  address = {St. Petersburg, Russland},
  author = {Vladimirovich, Grigorev Alexandr},
  booktitle = {Transformation of identities: Experience of Europe and Russia},
  editor = {Viktorova, E. V.},
  eventdate = {01.-04.12.2020},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  organization = {Staatliche Universität für Wirtschaft und Finanzen Sankt Petersburg},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Pрост антимигрантских настроений в странах центральной европы как преграда устойчивому развитию ес (Anti-migrant sentiments in central European countries and their factors as an obstacle to sustainable development of the EU)},
  url = {https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=45941881},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{hrabalek2022perception,
  abstract = {The chapter deals with the perception of foreign migration on the Czech labor market. The country was chosen due to its specific migration reality within the Central and Eastern European region. The text is based on European values study and Public Opinion Research Centre data and covers the trends since 1990s. It deals with the general opinion of the Czech public towards labor migration, changes over the time and personal characteristics that influence the attitudes of individuals in the Czech public on migrant workers.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Hrabálek, Martin},
  booktitle = {Behind the Illiberal Turn: Values in Central Europe},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004514041},
  editor = {Hajdinjak, Sanja and Chromková Manea, Beatrice and Chytílek, Roman},
  isbn = {9789004514041},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {156-177},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Perception of Migrants in the Labor Market: The Czech Experience},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004514041},
  year = 2022
}

@article{bentkowska2023trust,
  abstract = {Motivation: Trust plays an important role in the functioning of individuals at every level and research confirms that it is linked to economic development. As the levels of trust differ across the countries it is crucial to explore the reasons for such variation and to identify determinants of trust. Trust is often used in research to operationalise informal institutions, however, it can also reflect the quality of formal institutions. Therefore, it is vital to investigate whether trust is to a large extent a deeply rooted attitude, which does not lend itself to intentional shaping or it can be generated by better institutional performance. It remains unclear how institutional performance influences trust, there are many doubts concerning for example the diversion of this relation. The evidence on the relationships between generalised and institutional trust also persists mixed. Aim: The paper aims to investigate the relationship between generalised and institutional trust with the quality of formal institutions. Results: The research confirms the positive relationship between generalised and institutional trust for the total group of 22 European countries. Similarly, higher levels of both kinds of trust are related to better institutional performance. However, when the countries are analysed separately as capitalist and post-socialist, the results differ. The aforementioned relationships are confirmed for capitalist countries. Post-socialist countries are characterized by a lower level of trust and lower quality of institutions. Nevertheless, for this group, there is no evidence for the relationship between generalised and institutional trust, and only partial evidence for the relationship between institutional trust and institutional performance. The results support the concepts underlining the influence of institutions’ quality on trust but some observations are inclined to concepts suggesting that trust is culturally determined and regardless of institutional performance decades are needed for its development.},
  author = {Bentkowska, Katarzyna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Ekonomia i Prawo. Economics and Law},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {1 },
  pages = {21-35},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Trust and the quality of formal institutions},
  url = {https://apcz.umk.pl/EiP/article/view/40092},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2023
}

@article{birkelund2022gender,
  abstract = {Gender discrimination is often regarded as an important driver of women’s disadvantage in the labour market, yet earlier studies show mixed results. However, because different studies employ different research designs, the estimates of discrimination cannot be compared across countries. By utilizing data from the first harmonized comparative field experiment on gender discrimination in hiring in six countries, we can directly compare employers’ callbacks to fictitious male and female applicants. The countries included vary in a number of key institutional, economic, and cultural dimensions, yet we found no sign of discrimination against women. This cross-national finding constitutes an important and robust piece of evidence. Second, we found discrimination against men in Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK, and no discrimination against men in Norway and the United States. However, in the pooled data the gender gradient hardly differs across countries. Our findings suggest that although employers operate in quite different institutional contexts, they regard female applicants as more suitable for jobs in female-dominated occupations, ceteris paribus, while we find no evidence that they regard male applicants as more suitable anywhere.},
  author = {Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth and Lancee, Bram and Larsen, Edvard Nergård and Polavieja, Javier G and Radl, Jonas and Yemane, Ruta},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcab043},
  issn = {02667215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {337-354},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Evidence from a Cross-National Harmonized Field Experiment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcab043},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2022
}

@book{dzieglewski2021coming,
  abstract = {This volume focuses on the process of return migration, from a holistic and policy-oriented perspective. Studies in return migration, which remains a vibrant field for academics, researchers, and policy-makers, have provided a large body of knowledge on particular issues, but generally fall along two lines: they are either broad macro analyses and models (especially economic ones) or narrow ethnographic views (anthropological, sociological, or psychological). This volume attempts to chart a course between these two approaches, combining returning migrants’ life trajectories, as seen by themselves, with analysis of the structural processes that have taken place in the last three decades in Europe and in Poland, as a new EU country. In analyzing the social and cultural changes reflected in the biographies of returning migrants, the author uses a framework based on an original synthesis of Alfred Schütz’s phenomenological approach, focusing on the returnees’ “life words,” with the social realism of Margaret Archer, focusing on the concerns and projects of individuals interacting with social and cultural structures.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Dzięglewski, Mariusz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-64296-9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Coming Home to an (Un)familiar Country: The Strategies of Returning Migrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64296-9},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{voas2022transmission,
  abstract = {With relatively few exceptions, adults are religious because faith was inculcated in childhood and adolescence. Religious socialization by parents can occur in a multitude of conscious and unconscious ways. The habits and ideas that children bring into adult life are shaped in a wider social context, however, so the environment also matters. In previous research, we found that both parental influence and national context are important in the religious socialization of children, but they are largely independent of each other. Nevertheless, the hypothesis that devout parents in secular societies pay particular attention to their children’s religious upbringing seems plausible. If the culture does not reinforce their values, parents have to make some extra effort to defend the faith. We can test directly whether they do so, using data from the European Values Study. We find no evidence that people for whom religion is important in life feel a greater commitment, in absolute or even relative terms, to the religious socialization of children in the home if they live in a secular rather than a religious society. On the contrary, religious contexts seem to reinforce religious values and behavior, including the importance attached to raising children in the faith.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Voas, David and Storm, Ingrid},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {166-177},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Transmission of Religious Values},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{litina2023family,
  abstract = {We study the relation between nuclear family ties and corruption. Our theoretical model shows that the population share of people who desire close ties with their families (i.e. the extensive margin) has an ambiguous effect on the level of corruption, due to the presence of conflicting mechanisms. However, the strength of this desire among people who want close family ties (i.e. the intensive margin) has an unambiguously negative effect on corruption. The latter outcome finds support from our empirical analysis: Using micro-level data, we show that, in contrast to conventional wisdom and cross-country reflections, stronger family ties are negatively correlated with a broad set of activities that measure corruption.},
  author = {Litina, Anastasia and Varvarigos, Dimitrios},
  doi = {10.1515/bejte-2021-0025},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  journal = {The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {195-222},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Family Ties and Corruption},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2021-0025},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2023
}

@article{lopatina2022prolife,
  abstract = {A backlash against liberal gender and sexuality attitudes has been an issue in many societies, especially post-Communist. However, it takes a different shape in each socio–cultural context. This article contributes to academic debates about neo-traditionalism in the post-Soviet space and focuses specifically on Armenia. It points at some possible mechanisms that make these societies look more neo-traditionalist than they actually are. From the previous research of gender aspects of nationalism, we argue that the neo-traditionalist public discourses in Armenia might be a by-product of the national identity construction. We conclude that the individual-choice attitudes in the post-Soviet space may reflect the respondents' acceptance of a national ideology promoted by the post-Soviet elites rather than their private practices. Our aim is to reveal the complexities of neo-traditionalism in the post-Soviet space where everyday practices are at odds with neo-traditionalist narratives, which we argue might be a result of the Soviet legacy of unwritten rules and open secrets.},
  author = {Lopatina, Sofia and Kostenko, Veronica and Ponarin, Eduard},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2022.932492},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Pro-life vs. pro-choice in a resurgent nation: The case of post-Soviet Armenia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2022.932492},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2022
}

@article{foa2022consolidation,
  abstract = {In the study of democracy and democratization, there is a clear and prevailing paradigm that has reigned since the early 1990s: the theory of democratic consolidation. According to this theory, democratic consolidation is a one-way street. Once a set of threshold conditions is attained, the stability of democracy is assured. Democracy has become consolidated. To be sure, scholars of democratic consolidation vary in their assessment of the precise nature of these threshold conditions. On various accounts, they consist in the legitimacy of democratic institutions and processes among political actors; the procedural acceptance of democratic rules and the passing of a "two-turnover test;" the growth of the civic sector as a check upon political elites; or the spread of liberal values in society as a whole. But despite such differences of emphasis, they share a crucial premise: implicitly or explicitly, they believe that a successful transition to democracy will prove permanent. The purpose of our articles, published in the July 2016 and January 2017 editions of the Journal of Democracy, has been a modest one: We sought to give serious consideration to the mountain of anomalies that has accumulated in recent years; to assess whether confidence in the consolidation paradigm is still warranted; and to invite scholars to think anew about the conditions under which democratic governance may be considered durable and stable.},
  author = {Foa, Roberto and Mounk, Yascha},
  doi = {10.17863/CAM.90407},
  issn = {10455736},
  journal = {Journal of Democracy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-26},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The end of the consolidation paradigm: a response to our critics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.90407},
  year = 2022
}

@article{ngamaba2022happiness,
  abstract = {The motivation for happiness research rather than GDP is becoming important to the role of many governments across the globe. When people are asked to list the key characteristics of a good life, they are more likely to include happiness, health, living well and longer. This study investigates whether factors that predict men’s happiness and life satisfaction explain why men die earlier than women. The present research analyses data (&lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;=426,452; 51.90% females) collected by the World Value Survey from 1981 to 2020 in 102 countries, and from six continents. A multilevel random-effects regression analysis was conducted in which individuals were nested by countries.  We investigated variations across nations, country-level of development, and geographical regions. Men were slightly less happy and less satisfied with their lives compared to women. State of health, household’s financial satisfaction, freedom of choice, family importance, and being married were positively associated with happiness/life satisfaction. In contrast, being men, being in a low-income household, or being unemployed were negatively associated with happiness/life satisfaction. Unemployed men and men who were living in Africa or the Middle East regions were less satisfied with their lives compared to women. The excess mortality burden on men is due to a mix of biological, behavioural, and social factors. Happy people may live longer because of underlying factors such as health status, household financial satisfaction, and social connections. Policies targeting men’s health and social connections are needed.},
  author = {Ngamaba, Kayonda Hubert and Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin and Ilenda, Francois Batuyekula and Mupolo, Perseverante Kawata},
  doi = {10.47602/johah.v3i1.33},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness and Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {14-33},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Are men’s happiness and life satisfaction linked to why men die earlier than women? A panel study from 1981 to 2020 in 102 countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.47602/johah.v3i1.33},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2022
}

@article{prati2022association,
  abstract = {This study investigates the association between regime type, political trust, and subjective well-being (SWB) in 78 countries. Differently from previous works, democracy was conceptualized in terms of a multidimensional model (i.e., regime type), rather than a bipolar continuum ranging from authoritarian regimes to full democracies. The first question was raised as to whether regime characteristics would be nonlinearly related to SWB. A second question was examined as to whether political trust could moderate the relationship between regime type and well-being, such that under conditions of high or low trust in the government the differences in well-being across the type of regimes would be reduced. Data from the European Values Study as well as from the World Value Survey were used. Moreover, regime types were defined according to the Varieties of Democracy as well as the Economist Intelligence Unit. Multilevel analyses revealed that life satisfaction scores were lower for electoral autocracy compared to closed autocracy and liberal democracy. Moreover, happiness scores were significantly higher for full democracies compared to authoritarian regimes and flawed democracies. Finally, political trust moderated the association between regime type and SWB. Specifically, at higher or lower levels of political trust, the relationship between regime type and well-being tended to decrease. Overall, the findings support the conclusion that the relationship between democracy and subjective well‐being is nonlinear, and that the role of political trust is as important as the role of democracy.},
  author = {Prati, Gabriele},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.1007/s11482-022-10070-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {18712576},
  journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {The Association between Subjective Well-being and Regime Type across 78 countries: the moderating role of Political Trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10070-y},
  year = 2022
}

@article{morenominguez2022labour,
  abstract = {This article introduces the reader to the Special Issue "Labour markets, families and public policies shaping gender relations and parenting" and gives a theoretical and empirical overview of gender roles and gender equality in Europe. Background: This Special Issue analyses the connection between labour markets, families, social policy, and gender relations in several European countries. Method: The six included articles are based on qualitative and quantitative approaches and data that have been gathered in Finland, Norway, Poland, Spain, and across the entire EU. Results: Key findings are: (1) In less egalitarian countries, children of single parents suffer more nutritional, educational and social life deprivation. (2) The institutional design of parental leave can contribute to reproducing gender inequality in the use of leave. (3) The institutional design interacts with cultural norms in shaping fatherhood practices of migrant fathers. (4) Individualised, performance-based wage and career schemes can counteract the effects of gender-equalising family policies. (5) Fathers taking leave independently from the mother and for an extended period are more involved in childcare beyond the leave period, and (6) the use of longer unpaid parental leave by mothers leads to a more unequal distribution of childcare between the parents.},
  author = {Moreno-Mínguez, Almudena and Romero-Balsas, Pedro and Laß, Inga},
  doi = {10.20377/jfr-842},
  journal = {Journal of Family Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {847–863},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Labour markets, families and public policies shaping gender relations and parenting: Introduction to the Special Issue},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-842},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2022
}

@article{arifin2022preferences,
  abstract = {Indonesia as a Muslim-majority country and the survey results show that the most Indonesian are religious. Religious education also gets facilities from the state as a form of support for people's needs for religion. Religiosity, and education are hypothesized to be determinants of risk preference. This study aims to uncover the relationship between risk preferences and Islamic faith-based education in the Indonesian context. This research tries to combine aspects of religiosity and educational aspects in one framework, namely Islamic faith-based education where previous studies do not unite aspects of religiosity and education. This research is expected to provide a more complete picture or map of the risk preferences of graduates of Islamic educational institutions.},
  author = {Arifin, Salahuddin Rijal and Shodiqin, Dimas Herliandis and Udiniyah, Iftitah Rita and Habibi, Fajri Yuriz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.32528/tarlim.v5i2.7635},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  journal = {TARLIM Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {127-138},
  study-id = {WVS/EVS Joint 2017-2021},
  title = {The Risk Preferences Of Graduates Of Islamic Educational Institutions In Indonesia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32528/tarlim.v5i2.7635},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2022
}

@article{lomazzi2022improving,
  abstract = {Survey infrastructure synergies can support the sustainability of existing European survey programmes by maximising resources and expertise. The study uses the scale of gender role attitudes (GRA) surveyed in the fifth wave of the European Values Study (EVS2017) as an example to explore how such cooperation could produce improved measurements in a context of methodological innovation. The EVS implemented tools and strategies that may affect cross-sectional comparability, such as the translation approach and the use of mixed-modes as well as the increased standardisation of the procedures, documentation and monitoring. After describing the revision of the GRA scale of EVS2017 and assessing its content validity, the study discusses its comparability. By applying multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and the recently established alignment method, measurement equivalence is reached both cross-sectionally and across modes of data collection.},
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-021-01312-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {15737845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {4855–4877},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Improving measurements by survey infrastructures synergies: insights from the revised gender role attitudes scale in the european values study 2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01312-6},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2022
}

@article{goedderz2023regional,
  abstract = {Intergroup biases have been studied on an individual level for decades, but recent research has examined intergroup bias as a regional phenomenon. Aggregated responses on bias tests from individuals in geographic proximity have shown to relate to important society-level discriminatory outcomes. In the present research, we examined the pressing issue of gender inequalities in employment using this regional perspective on intergroup bias. Using large scale open-access datasets, we investigated how psychological measures of regional gender stereotypes associating men with careers and women with families (traditional gender stereotypes) related to the representation of women in the workforce and parental leave policies in 35 member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) across 5 continents. In countries with stronger traditional gender stereotypes, we found that women were less represented in the workforce and, specifically, in manager positions. Regional traditional gender stereotypes were inconsistently related to parental leave policies. These findings suggest that the framework of regional intergroup bias may be fruitful to explain regional differences in gender disparities.},
  author = {Goedderz, Alexandra and Calanchini, Jimmy},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100138},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {26666227},
  journal = {Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Regional traditional gender stereotypes predict the representation of women in the workforce in 35 countries across five continents},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100138},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2023
}

@article{hansen2022placing,
  abstract = {In the wake of the most recent protests in Belarus following the 2020 Presidential Election, it is useful to explore patterns of satisfaction with the political system, confidence in political institutions, and political participation at different points in time during President Lukashenko’s rule. We utilize Wave 3 of the World Values Study (WVS) and Wave 7 of the Joint European Values Study (EVS)/WVS to (1) analyze whether citizens’ dissatisfaction with the Belarusian government differed between 1996 and 2018, and (2) whether there was a change in political participation during that period. Responses over time suggest that satisfaction with the government and confidence in institutions was not lower in 2018 than it had been in 1996. However, as we discuss in the article, this may be an artifact of authoritarian consolidation and concern/fears about revealing preferences. We also find that the willingness to engage in protests remained more or less the same between these two time periods, especially among those dissatisfied with the political system. These results suggest that once highly dissatisfied citizens took to the streets in 2020, a number of internal and external factors might have triggered a bandwagon effect that pushed other citizens to also join the demonstrations.},
  author = {Hansen, Michael A. and Ford, Nicolè M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1017/nps.2022.64},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Nationalities Papers},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {838-854},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Placing the 2020 Belarusian Protests in Historical Context: Political Attitudes and Participation during Lukashenko’s Presidency},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2022.64},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@article{andreenkova2022impact,
  abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, university students appeared as one of the most vulnerable social groups. Researchers registered the pandemic’s impact on mental health, psychological well-being, academic results and social ties. We aimed to consider a broad range of indicators and domains to identify common and specific impacts of the pandemic on university students in different countries using the “International Student Well-Being Survey” data conducted in 25 countries in April–May 2020. The analysis showed that the impact of the pandemic is multi dimensional, affecting different aspects of the student’s life. Still, it had the most significant effect on the perception and evaluation of study workload, quality of education, clarity of requirements and expectations of academic tasks, social ties, financial situation and socio-psychological well-being. The impact of the pandemic was not equal for different social groups. In Russia, women were affected stronger than men in psychological well-being, financial impact, housing conditions, and social ties. Women less than men used compensatory practices such as consuming tobacco products or alcohol. The low-income student group was impacted more potent than their more well-off classmates leading to an even further increase of inequality among the student community. The social impact of the pandemic on students in different countries was similar by type and direction, but the impact’s scope and strength varied. Russia belongs to the group of countries with a relatively modern pandemic effect on student’s life. The analysis of reasons and factors driving cross-national differences in the pandemic impact at the macro cross-national level revealed that the actual epidemiological situation and the duration of the lockdown had a relatively small effect. The most significant factors mitigating the negative social consequences of the pandemic, even under severe epidemiological threats, were trust in government and political institutions, the healthcare system and the general level of psychological well-being in the country.},
  author = {Andreenkova, Anna V. and Andreenkova, Elena V.},
  doi = {10.14515/monitoring.2022.6.2267},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {18158617},
  journal = {Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {6 },
  pages = {195-220},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Влияние Пандемии Коронавируса На Студенчество-сравнительный Межстрановый Анализ (The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students in Russia and other Countries - Comparative Analysis)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2022.6.2267},
  volume = 172,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{baloban2022transformation,
  abstract = {The author outlines six theses to analyze the movement and transformation of values in the first decades of the 21st century in Croatia. The country gained independence and became a democratic state following the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1990 and a defensive Homeland War (1990 – 1995). This chapter analyzes trust in institutions, which reveals the diversity and multifaceted nature of the young Croatian democratic society. In addition to addressing certain bioethical issues (abortion, artificial insemination/ in vitro fertilization, euthanasia, suicide, and the death penalty), the author points to classical and traditional values of marriage and family, as well as alternative living arrangements such as single motherhood by choice, cohabitation, and same sex partnerships. Finally, the author draws attention to a decline in ecclesiality which has been evidenced in gradual and distanced ecclesiality over several decades. The chapter concludes by stating that moving forward, Croats find themselves at a turning point in the understanding and accepting, promoting, and living values, both those of the fundamental character and those of a specific Christian and (neo-)liberal character. The author argues that the Croatian society will align with the transformation of values in developed European countries; Croatia, too, will experience its (post)modernization. },
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Baloban, Josip},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {474-487},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Transformation of Values in Croatia in Democratic Times},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{tampakis2022ecology,
  abstract = {The article examines current discussions on some of the global ecological challenges of our time among Orthodox Christian circles in Bulgaria, aiming to assess their role is in the overall debates in the country in this field. In order to explain the lack of a very active engagement of Orthodox Christians in Bulgaria, the specific discussions on ecology and the environment are put in the context of the recent history of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the country and some of the main challenges it faces in the contemporary world. The article looks in more detail at different positions of Bulgarian Orthodox thinkers and opinion leaders. The main focus of the article are two recent television debates which could illustrate growing awareness in the last few years about ecological issues and the willingness of some Orthodox Christians from various backgrounds to take a more active stance on a number of the acute ecological problems. The text analyzes as well the position of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, the biggest religious organisation in the country, which noted the ecological problems in some of its official strategic documents that were published recently. The article also makes remarks on some of the reactions to international Christian engagements with the ecological challenges of our time. Noticing the quite limited number of Bulgarian publications which are solely dedicated to ecological questions, the article touches upon some of the theological dimensions of the views of Eastern Orthodox Christians. The article suggests that there exists a consensus on the significance of the current environmental challenges for society. In spite of the fact that the Orthodox perspective on environmental problems has been rarely promoted very actively so far, indications of growing interest and a willingness for a more active involvement suggest that the Eastern Orthodox view on environmental problems could play a more substantial role in future Bulgarian debates.},
  address = {Turnhout},
  author = {Tampakis, Ivaylo Nachev Kostas and Ventis, Haralambos},
  booktitle = {Orthodox Christianity and Modern Science: Past, Present and Future},
  doi = {10.1484/M.SOC-EB.5.130952},
  editor = {Tampakis, Ivaylo Nachev Kostas and Ventis, Haralambos},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {53-61},
  publisher = {Brepols Publishers},
  series = {Science and Orthodox Christianity},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Ecology and Environment from an Orthodox Perspective: Current Encounters in Bulgaria},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1484/M.SOC-EB.5.130952},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{pickel2023political,
  abstract = {Against the background of successful right-wing populist movements in recent years, a question arises as to whether the democratic political culture remains stable in Europe’s democracies. The EVS 2017 confirms that a high level of legitimacy is still attached to democracy, but that there are differences in support for the current democratic system. In Eastern Europe, we find a strong openness to alternative anti-democratic systems, which helps right-wing populists to gain influence and power. Prejudice provides a bridge between right-wing populists and religion. While socially engaged believers are pro-democratic, fundamentalist have an elective affinity with anti-democratic beliefs. Gender identities that do not follow the heteronormative pattern of binary couple relationships in particular prove to be a bridge to right-wing beliefs (Schneider et al., Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik (ZRGP) 5(2), 2021). It is possible that the ongoing progress of secularisation and modernisation in Western Europe is conducive to this. The validity of the secularisation theory must be assumed, because the East-Central European states had swung into line with Western European secularisation shortly after an upheaval of religiosity directly after 1989. If in the Russian region and Southeastern Europe the revitalisation process is confirmed, many Eastern European states have now reached the ‘normal’ level they would have had without socialist repression.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Pickel, Susanne and Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study: In-depth Analysis – Interdisciplinary Perspectives – Future Prospects},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_5},
  editor = {Polak, Regina and Rohs, Patrick},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783031313646},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {englisch},
  pages = {157-203},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Political Values and Religion: A Comparison Between Western and Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_5},
  year = 2023
}

@book{holtug2022politics,
  abstract = {Immigration is a divisive policy issue in modern liberal democracies. A common worry is that immigration poses a threat to social cohesion, and so to the social unity that underpins cooperation, stable democratic institutions, and a robust welfare state. At the heart of this worry is the suggestion that social cohesion requires a shared identity at the societal level. In The Politics of Social Cohesion, Nils Holtug gives a careful assessment of the impact of immigration on social cohesion and egalitarian redistribution. First, he critically scrutinizes an influential argument, according to which immigration leads to ethnic diversity, which again tends to undermine trust and solidarity and so the social basis for redistribution. According to this argument, immigration should be severely restricted. And second, he considers the suggestion that, in response to worries about immigration, states should promote a shared identity to foster social cohesion in the citizenry. Holtug argues that the effects of immigration on social cohesion do not need to compromise social justice, and that core principles of liberty and equality not only form the normative basis for just policies of immigration and integration but, as a matter of empirical fact, are also the values that, if shared, are most likely to produce the social cohesion among community members that provides the social basis for implementing justice.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Holtug, Nils},
  gesis-studyno = {ZA2310 ; ZA3430 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {9780198797043},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  series = {New Topics in Applied Philosophy Series},
  study-id = {ISSP1992 ; ISSP1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Politics of Social Cohesion: Immigration, Community, and Justice},
  year = 2022
}

@article{wuestenenk2022attitudes,
  abstract = {Ethnic minorities from more traditional countries tend to hold more conservative views towards homosexuality compared to the ethnic majority population in Western Europe. Assimilation theory predicts that this difference diminishes over time because of exposure and contact between these groups. The role of ethnic classroom composition in this process of cultural assimilation is poorly understood. Therefore, this article examines the role of the country of origin of adolescents and their classroom peers in the assimilation of attitudes towards homosexuality. Using two-wave panel data on 18,058 students in 867 classrooms in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, we find that the attitudes towards homosexuality in classroom peers’ country of origin are positively associated with attitudes towards homosexuality of respondents in the first wave but have no effect on subsequent changes in these attitudes over a two-year period. We find some variations in this association according to individual-level characteristics, but these results are not consistent across the countries that we study. Together, these results suggest that the classroom is an important socializing context in the formation of cultural values, and that its influence is relatively uniform across groups.},
  author = {Wuestenenk, Nick and Tubergen, Frank van and Stark, Tobias H.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.04.001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {01471767},
  journal = {International Journal of Intercultural Relations},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {133-147},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2008},
  title = {Attitudes towards homosexuality among ethnic majority and minority adolescents in Western Europe: The role of ethnic classroom composition},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.04.001},
  volume = 88,
  year = 2022
}

@article{blayac2022drives,
  abstract = {The public acceptability of a policy is an important issue in democracies, in particular for anti-COVID-19 policies, which require the adherence of the population to be applicable and efficient. Discrete choice experiment (DCE) can help elicit preference ranking among various policies for the whole population and subgroups. Using a representative sample of the French population, we apply DCE methods to assess the acceptability of various anti-COVID-19 measures, separately and as a package. Owing to the methods, we determine the extent to which acceptability depends on personal characteristics: political orientation, health vulnerability, or age. The young population differs in terms of policy preferences and their claim for monetary compensation, suggesting a tailored policy for them. The paper provides key methodological tools based on microeconomic evaluation of individuals’ preferences for improving the design of public health policies.},
  author = {Blayac, Thierry and Dubois, Dimitri and Duchêne, Sébastien and Nguyen-Van, Phu and Ventelou, Bruno and Willinger, Marc},
  doi = {10.1016/j.econmod.2022.106047},
  issn = {02649993},
  journal = {Economic Modelling},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {What drives the acceptability of restrictive health policies: An experimental assessment of individual preferences for anti-COVID 19 strategies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2022.106047},
  volume = 116,
  year = 2022
}

@book{bryla2022consumer,
  abstract = {Country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism are evolving constructs as consumers’ perception of country, state, or region changes over time. Understanding consumer motivations and attitudes towards a country and its products can provide valuable insights for marketing strategies. This book explores the phenomena of consumer ethnocentrism and country-of-origin effect on the food market using examples from Polish retailers. The book aims to determine how appeals to the domestic or foreign country-of-origin provided through claims, symbols, labels, and quality signs can affect consumer attitudes and food purchase intentions as well as to contextualise consumer behaviour issues in the broader picture of the entire system of food production and distribution. The reader will gain a comprehensive understanding of consumer ethnocentrism and country-of-origin effect on the food market based on a series of original research studies conducted in Poland. The combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods provides novel and valuable insights into the phenomena under study. Based on original research, this innovative volume will be a valuable resource for consumer behaviour, food marketing, and international marketing scholars and students.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Bryła, Paweł and Domański, Tomasz},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003290414},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Consumer Ethnocentrism, Country of Origin and Marketing: Food Market in Poland},
  year = 2022
}

@article{radu2023learned,
  abstract = {This article analyzes the most influential posts on Facebook related to COVID-19, for the first two years of the pandemic, to explain how parasocial opinion leaders created echo chambers, in the Romanian public sphere, and to discuss the cumulative spillover effects these echo chambers had on society at large. A database of the 233,242 most influential posts in Romanian about COVID-19, from the first two years of the pandemic, is investigated using a mixed methods approach, to 1) verify statistically if issue-related echo chambers existed and 2) to describe, qualitatively, how they functioned. A special focus is devoted to trolling in the form of reactions to posts, such as haha reactions for messages about COVID-related deaths. Using the literature on parasocial interaction, inoculation theory, online disinhibition effect and echo chambers, the article shows how echo chambers supported trolling behavior, for radicalized Facebook users, how they polluted the public discussion and how they made dialog impossible for social groups that ended up identifying each other as the enemy. Based on these research results, the author proposes two policy recommendations for social platforms.},
  author = {Radu, Raluca-Nicoleta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.17502/mrcs.v11i1.598},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  journal = {methaodos.revista de ciencias sociales},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {How I learned to hate you. Parasocial interactions in echo chambers and their spillover effects},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.17502/mrcs.v11i1.598},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2023
}

@article{becker2023ethnic,
  abstract = {This article attempts to explore the link between education and democracy. Education is supposed to serve as a unifying factor and socialization agent among citizens of a state; teaching them who they are and what their country expects of them. The role of the educational system is important for the state in building a civic identity and patriotism among students. In Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), students complete a “Democracy and Human Rights” civics education course in primary and secondary schools; however, the current pedagogical implementation of instilling a civic identity is low, with little attention paid to civic identity promotion. This article examines the notions of civic pride and education among high school seniors in BiH via statistical analysis of original field data (n=5,749 surveys; 78 high schools in 53 towns). Identity politics and ethnic saliency are explored, with concluding views on the lack of (perceived) rights among the Croat student population. Cross-cutting cleavages and interpersonal trust are low, with the ethnic promoted over the civic.},
  author = {Becker, Matthew T.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.1017/nps.2022.51},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {00905992},
  journal = {Nationalities Papers},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1235-1249},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {An Ethnic Security Dilemma in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Civic Pride and Civics Education},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2022.51},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@book{berlinski2022trust,
  abstract = {Trust is the most pressing and yet least discussed problem confronting  Latin  America  and  the  Caribbean.  Whether in  others,  in  government,  or  in  firms,  trust  is  lower  in  the region  than  anywhere  else  in  the  world.  The  economic and  political  consequences  of  mistrust  ripple  through society. It suppresses growth and innovation: investment, entrepreneurship,   and   employment   all   flourish   when firms  and  government,  workers  and  employers,  banks and  borrowers,  and  consumers  and  producers  trust  each other. Trust inside private and public sector organizations is   essential   for   collaboration   and   innovation.   Mistrust distorts democratic decision-making. It keeps citizens from demanding better public services and infrastructure, from joining with others to control corruption, and from making the collective sacrifices that leave everyone better off. The good news is that governments can increase citizen trust with  clearer  promises  of  what  citizens  can  expect  from them, public sector reforms that enable them to keep their promises,  and  institutional  reforms  that  strengthen  the commitments that citizens make to each other. This book guides  decision-makers  as  they  incorporate  trust  and social cohesion into the comprehensive reforms needed to address the region’s most pernicious challenges. },
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  author = {Berlinski, Samuel and Busso, Matías and Domínguez, Patricio and Frisancho, Verónica and Medina, Daniel Hernaiz Diez de and Hoffmann, Bridget and Keefer, Philip and Perilla, Sergio and Porrúa, Miguel and Purroy, Miguel and Roseth, Benjamin and Scartascini, Carlos and Cossío, Diego A. Vera and Vlaicu, Razvan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.18235/0003911},
  editor = {Keefer, Philip and Scartascini, Carlos},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {IDB},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Trust: The Key to Social Cohesion and Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean },
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003911},
  year = 2022
}

@article{belmonte2023morale,
  abstract = {This paper studies the effects of mobilization for war on the development of fiscal capacity and the values of tax compliance (tax morale). We propose a dynamic setting where governments may invest resources to improve the efficiency of the fiscal apparatus and the citizens' tax morality in order to raise the necessary revenues for the defense against a threat (external or internal), and parents optimally choose to transmit their preferences of tax compliance to children. Despite fiscal capacity and tax morale are initially substitutes, we show how a dynamic complementarity may arise in equilibrium from a more efficient transmission of the values of tax compliance in countries with high fiscal capacity, and this may explain why they tend to move together over time. Under reasonable conditions, we obtain that the effect of a higher threat of war on the steady-state level of the culture of tax compliance is negative when fiscal capacity is relatively low, and positive when the latter is large. We show cross-country evidence based on war frequency, fiscal capacity, and tax morale that is consistent with the results of our theory.},
  author = {Belmonte, Alessandro and Teobaldelli, Désirée and Ticchi, Davide},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1111/apce.12388},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {13704788},
  journal = {Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {445-474},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Tax morale, fiscal capacity, and war},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12388},
  volume = 94,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{parts2022degrowth,
  abstract = {Degrowth is a multidisciplinary movement which argues that endless growth on a planet with limited resources is unsustainable and will inevitably lead to the collapse of the entire capitalist system. Degrowth proposal aims to abandon the growth mentality and switch into a path where all the economic and societal processes function within the ecological limits of the planet. To make that transition happen, several ideological and structural alterations are needed. The way of living, working and consumption needs to be re-conceptualized and restructured. Human values and attitudes play a key role in replacing egoistic, materialistic attitudes by trust, community, simplicity and caring. Since the transition needs to be done democratically, these attitudes should be shared by the majority of the population. This paper aims to assess the possibility of transition towards a degrowth society in Europe, based on the data from 5 waves of European Value Survey (1981-2022). Authors analyzed whether there has been a change over time towards values and attitudes that are compatible with the degrowth ideology. The results show that on the positive side, people are ready to put more emphasis on family and individuality. On the negative side, work was perceived more important than leisure time, and less people perceive the idea of a simple natural life as good. Also, over time there has been a rise in materialistic values and fall in post-materialistic value. However, these negative changes were small in absolute values and overall support level for degrowth ideas is high.},
  address = {Barcelona},
  author = {Parts, Eve and Reinas, Anna-Stina},
  booktitle = {MIRDEC 19th -Barcelona 2022: International Academic Conference on Economics, Business and Contemporary Discussions in Social Science},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  editor = {Cebeci, Kemal and Ribeiro, Sandra and Marangos, John},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {15-28},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Is Degrowth Society Possible? Estimating Changees in European Values},
  url = {https://www.mirdec.com/_files/ugd/f279ca_3b411507aa874c3f9cf685a8492ef1f6.pdf#page=28},
  year = 2022
}

@article{aizpurua2022exploring,
  abstract = {This paper examines the feasibility of ex-post harmonisation strategies using European Values Study (EVS) Wave 5 (2017–2020) and European Social Survey (ESS) Round 9 (2018–2019) data across 17 countries. The study shows an empirical assessment of the comparability of four items measuring religious behaviours (belonging to a religious denomination at present/in the past, religious services attendance, and praying), captured in both surveys. The novelty of this paper lies in the analytical comparison of religiosity indicators that are rarely assessed from a comparative perspective.},
  author = {Aizpurua, Eva and Fitzgerald, Rory and Barros, Julia Furtado de and Giacomin, Gregorio and Lomazzi, Vera and Luijkx, Ruud and Maineri, Angelica and Negoita, Daniela},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1186/s42409-022-00038-x},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {25238930},
  journal = {Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Exploring the feasibility of ex-post harmonisation of religiosity items from the European Social Survey and the European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s42409-022-00038-x},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2022
}

@article{tu2023trust,
  abstract = {The causal relationship between trust and corruption has sparked heated scholarly debates. This study holistically explores the impacts of three typical forms of trust, namely, general, particular, and institutional trust, on the level of corruption across countries. Furthermore, it advances the extant literature by examining how the three types of trust moderate the impacts of formal institutions on corruption. This study draws on a cross-national dataset and uses the two-stage least-squares (2SLS) method to address endogeneity bias in the causal relationship between trust and corruption. As shown by the results, the impacts of the three forms of trust on corruption level are conditional on the efficiency of rules, and the function of rules is also dependent on trust. Specifically, general and institutional trust reinforce the positive effects of rule efficiency on corruption containment, while particular trust undermines the positive effects.},
  author = {Tu, Wenyan},
  doi = {10.1007/s43508-023-00061-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {27306305},
  journal = {Global Public Policy and Governance},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {160–179},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Trust and corruption: how different forms of trust interact with formal institutions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43508-023-00061-6},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2023
}

@article{vanditmars2023political,
  abstract = {The increase in divorce rates over the past decades challenges the traditional image of the two-parent family, as new family forms are increasingly more common. Yet, the traditional view of the family has remained central to political socialization research. Therefore, we propose and empirically test a theoretical framework regarding the consequences of parental separation for processes of political socialization. While the impact of parental divorce has been studied extensively by sociologists, the political implications of this impactful life event have remained largely uncovered. We identify two mechanisms that we expect to predict more leftist political orientations in children of separated parents compared to those from intact families: experiences of economic deprivation and single-mother socialization. Multi-level analyses using the European Values Study (2008) and two-generational analyses with the Swiss Household Panel (1999–2020) support our expectations, indicating that in case of parental separation offspring tends to hold more leftist political orientations, controlling for selection into parental separation and the intergenerational transmission of political ideology. We find empirical support for mechanisms of economic deprivation and single-mother socialization across our analyses. The implications of our findings are that in the family political socialization process, offspring's political orientations are not only influenced by their parents' ideology, but also by formative experiences that result from the family structure.},
  author = {van Ditmars, Mathilde M and Bernardi, Fabrizio},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2023.1089671},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {26733145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Political socialization, parental separation, and political ideology in adulthood},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1089671},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2023
}

@article{wutchiett2022multilevel,
  abstract = {Comparative research examining relationships between individual-level survey response data and time-varying country context variables for political or socioeconomic characteristics is often complicated by missing values. Surveys and longitudinal context measures may be produced during alternative years and at differing frequencies. Observations may be intermittent or may only cover few consecutive years across a full longitudinal sequence. Statistical evaluations that do not impute values with consideration to data’s missingness characteristics may produce biased estimates. Model-based approaches for missing value imputation such as multiple imputation and time series imputation offer means through which imputed values may be produced given complex hierarchical and longitudinal relations. Using incomplete survey data for institutional trust measures from 554,104 respondents from twenty-seven Eastern European and Central? Asian countries between 1993 and 2016, and corresponding longitudinal context descriptors of demographic, socioeconomic and political conditions, multilevel multiple imputation and time-series imputation methods were compared and evaluated. Where missingness is intermittent across the breadth of longitudinal sequence, time series imputation may produce convincing estimates for national-level variables’ values while understating uncertainty associated with imputation. When missing values are numerous and span tail ends of a sequence, multivariate multilevel multiple imputation with time variable fixed effects may produce better estimates for country-variables through incorporation of information derived from additional covariates and other countries’ concurrent trajectories. Multilevel multiple imputation models with random slopes for time variables were found to have beneficial qualities in that countries’ unique longitudinal trends are emphasized and fit while that effects of pooled observations and additional covariates contribute to estimation.},
  author = {Wutchiett, David and Durand, Claire},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-021-01186-8},
  issn = {15737845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1799-1828},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Multilevel and time-series missing value imputation for combined survey and longitudinal context data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01186-8},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2022
}

@book{2022,
  abstract = {В своей книге Рональд Инглхарт проверяет разработанную им эволюционную теорию модернизации на базе данных, созданной с 1981 г. в рамках проектов Всемирное исследование ценностей и Европейское исследование ценностей, охватывающих более 100 стран и 90 % населения Земного шара. Исследование Р. Инглхарта показывает, что мировоззрение общества определяется уровнем экзистенциальной безопасности. Богатые общества становятся более открытыми и толерантными, в них повышается уровень доверия, защищаются права меньшинств, что дает людям бóльшую свободу выбора жизненных решений. Все это способствует распространению демократии и ведет к увеличению среднего уровня счастья.},
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Инглхарт, Рональд},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Litres},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Культурная эволюция. Как изменяются человеческие мотивации и как это меняет мир},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{marody2021dzielnej,
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Marody, Mirosława},
  booktitle = {Wartości w działaniu},
  editor = {Marody, Mirosława},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {241-270},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Spółka z o.o.},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Od "dzielnej ofiary" do podmiotu moralnego – procesy kształtowania tożsamości społecznej},
  year = 2021
}

@article{gorleer2023institutionalizing,
  abstract = {Inspired by the analytical shift toward understanding altruism from an institutional perspective, this article presents an empirical analysis of the impact of institutionalized solidarity on attitudes toward payment for blood or plasma donations, in terms of both the level of welfare provision and confidence in the welfare system. Postulating that institutionalized solidarity is intertwined with group-based solidarity, this article offers a more refined understanding of the relationship between institutional context and attitudes toward paid donation by incorporating measures of social cohesion in the analysis. Based on Eurobarometer data from 2014, the results indicate that support for cash payment for donation is lower in European countries where social spending is higher. Similarly, aggregated levels of trust in the social security system are associated with less support for payment for donation. These findings point to the importance of institutionalized solidarity for the manifestation of support for non-remunerated blood and plasma donation.},
  author = {Gorleer, Sam and Bracke, Piet and Hustinx, Lesley},
  doi = {10.1177/08997640221139818},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {08997640},
  journal = {Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1753-1777},
  study = {Eurobarometer},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Institutionalizing Voluntary Blood Donation: Explaining the Cross-National Variance in the Approval of Paid Blood or Plasma Donation in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640221139818},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2023
}

@article{fauver2022boardroom,
  abstract = {We examine how boardroom gender diversity reforms impact the monitoring role of institutional investors. Using reforms from 25 countries that aim to improve gender diversity on boards, we find that the reforms increase the association between institutional ownership and subsequent female directorships for foreign investors, but not for domestic investors. This result is driven by foreign institutional investors from countries with a high social equity norm and by foreign pension funds and independent institutions. Furthermore, firms experience improved valuation and profitability following reform compliance. Overall, our findings suggest that boardroom gender diversity reforms empower socially conscious foreign institutional investors to drive value-enhancing governance change.},
  author = {Fauver, Larry and Hung, Mingyi and Taboada, Alvaro G. and Wang, Emily Jing},
  doi = {10.1007/s11142-022-09710-3},
  issn = {15737136},
  journal = {Review of Accounting Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {621–664},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Boardroom gender diversity reforms and institutional monitoring: global evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-022-09710-3},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{zurn2022autoritre,
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  author = {Zürn, Michael},
  booktitle = {Treiber des Autoritären: Pfade von Entwicklungen zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  editor = {Frankenberg, Günter and Heitmeyer, Wilhelm},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {89-212},
  publisher = {Campus Verlag},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Autoritäre Herrschaftsformen im 21. Jahrhundert},
  year = 2022
}

@article{tutak2023religijno,
  abstract = {The outbreak of the war in Ukraine and the resulting refugee exodus caused an avalanche of changes that affected first the Ukrainians themselves and then the societies that hosted them. The new situation required and still requires a response from the pastoral ministry of the Catholic Church in Poland. The purpose of this study is to search for indications useful for building a pastoral model of pastoral work among Ukrainians. The subject of the research is the religiosity of the Ukrainian society observed in 2020 as part of the seventh wave of the European Values Study, whose databases are publicly available. Access to raw data made it possible to carry out statistical tests showing the significance, strength and direction of correlation between religiosity parameters and the main socio-demographic characteristics. The results of these analyzes were sociologically interpreted and conclusions and pastoral postulates were drawn from them. It turns out that the majority of Ukrainian society declares belonging to the Eastern rite or non-denominationalism. 8 out of 10 Ukrainians describe themselves as religious and believers in God, which does not translate into religious practices or the professed doctrine. It is also worth noting that a signifi cant proportion of war refugees are women, who, according to research, present a higher level of religiosity than the general population of Ukraine. Besides, the attitude towards faith in a statistically significant way depends on the place of residence in Ukraine. All these circumstances and the awareness of the dynamics of changes conditioned by the current situation open up new perspectives for pastoral care in Poland. It is an opportunity not only to engage in charity, but also to deepen religious awareness, especially towards Orthodox and Greek Catholic people, and a missionary attitude towards people who do not belong to any religion. Such an approach to the issue is possible within pastoral sociology, which is to be a space for dialogue between pastoral theology and sociological knowledge and empirical research.},
  author = {Tutak, Mateusz Jakub},
  doi = {10.14746/TIM.2023.33.1.12},
  issn = {24504602},
  journal = {Teologia i Moralność},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 33,
  pages = {185-211},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Religijność społeczeństwa ukraińskiego w perspektywie wyzwań dla Kościoła w Polsce (Religiousness of Ukrainian society in the perspective of challenges for the Church in Poland)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14746/TIM.2023.33.1.12},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{brechon2022imaginaires,
  address = {Lille},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Le 16ème Congrès de l’Association Française de Science Politique (AFSP)},
  editor = {{Association Française de Science Politique}},
  eventdate = {05.07.-07.07.2022},
  eventtitle = {Le 16ème Congrès de l’Association Française de Science Politique (AFSP)},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro french inproceedings},
  language = {french},
  pages = {1-20},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Imaginaires chrétiens et rhétoriques populistes Responsables scientifiques : Blandine Chélini-Pont et de Yann Raison du Cleuziou En Europe, populismes et christianismes sont-ils liés?},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03780252/},
  venue = {Lille},
  year = 2022
}

@article{tibajev2022social,
  abstract = {Concerns have been raised that immigrants coming to Europe bring fundamentally different social values, affecting the more liberal receiving societies negatively. However, the topic of immigrants’ social values is understudied, and much research studies only one issue at a time, lacking a systematic approach to compare immigrants and native-born across issues. We study the social values of immigrants in Sweden using a large sample of newly arrived immigrants and their opinions on 35 different moral issues. Our results indicate a large heterogeneity across different issues, with, on average, a general tendency towards liberal social values among immigrants. We find that individual characteristics are more important than characteristics of the country of origin in explaining variation of social values between immigrants. Religiosity has the largest effect, with more religious individuals having more conservative stances. Using external data sources, we compare immigrants with native-born regarding both average positions on different issues, and the correlation between issue positions. Compared with the native-born, immigrants have, on average, somewhat more conservative values, but the underlying values structure is the same.},
  author = {Tibajev, Andrey and Vartanova, Irina and Puthoopparambil, Soorej and Essén, Birgitta and Strimling, Pontus},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13161 ; 10.4232/1.13629 ; 10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0278125},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4950 v2.3.0 ; ZA7570 v2.1.0 ; ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {The social values of newly arrived immigrants in Sweden},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278125},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2022
}

@article{bognar2023strength,
  abstract = {This study explores the role of social spaces in the religious worldview in the Central and Eastern European region through a comprehensive study of values spanning nearly three decades. The analysis focuses on the differences between the values of religious and non-religious people in different social spaces during this period. Drawing on the insights of the spatial turn, the study provides a new way of understanding the impact of social spaces on the emergence of religious values. For the first time, the analysis attempts to verify the influence of social spaces on the emergence of specific religious values using a representative database. The research on the four waves of EVS interprets the values of the religious and non-religious along the lines of their relationship to norm violations. The analysis points out that religious worldview does not appear equally in different spaces of society. The research proved in a novel way that in the social space of production and administration, in the systematic organization of society, religious people do not have significantly different values in this region. On the other hand, the values of the religious, which are different from those of the non-religious, are expressed in values that can be linked to the social space of lifeworld. All these findings can give a new direction to quantitative and qualitative research on religion, which now includes aspects of spatiality.},
  author = {Bognár, Bulcsu and Kmetty, Zoltán},
  doi = {10.3390/rel14010025},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Strength of Religious Lifeworld: The Impact of Social Spaces on Religious Values in Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14010025},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{pickel2022wertevermittlung,
  address = {Münster},
  author = {Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Familienreligiösität im Bildungshandeln: Theorie, Empirie, Praxis},
  editor = {Boger, Miriam and Kleint, Steffen and Schirrmacher, Freimut},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {139-152},
  publisher = {Waxmann},
  study = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Wertevermittlung und Familienreligiösität - eine Problematik},
  year = 2022
}

@article{voicu2022embedding,
  abstract = {This article aims to retrospectively investigate the embeddedness of attitudes toward immigrants (ATI) in cultures of solidarity seen as general orientations toward solidarity measured at a country level. We predict individual-level ATI with country-level aggregated indicators of solidarity that were observed decades earlier. The latter measure local, social, and global solidarity and are explained by a general, overall orientation toward solidarity. For computing the indicators, we combine aggregate data from the European Values Study (EVS) 1999 and 2008 and individual-level data from the spring 2015 Eurobarometer to show that the effect of country-level solidarity on individual-level ATI is strong and stable. The findings reveal that cultures of solidarity have a long-term effect and are the strongest contextual determinant for individual-level ATI. Both 1999 and 2008 data proved to be related to 2015 individual-level attitudes, having a positive effect. In particular, local solidarity positively affects attitudes toward both European Union (EU) and (to a smaller extent) non-EU immigrants. General solidarity remains the most relevant, and it should be used for boosting positive views about immigrants.},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan and Rusu, Horațiu and Comșa, Mircea},
  doi = {10.1177/01979183221126460},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5998},
  issn = {01979183},
  journal = {International Migration Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {778–809},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  study-id = {EB83.3},
  title = {Embedding Attitudes Toward Immigrants in Solidarity Contexts: A Cross-European Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183221126460},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2023
}

@article{brzozowska2021evidence,
  abstract = {The second demographic transition (SDT), which links ideational changes with demographic developments, is one of the most prominent and debated theoretical frameworks in family demography. Yet, its operationalisations as composite sets of measures remain unevaluated. Objective: We evaluate two most frequently used SDT indices: attitudinal and behavioural. We assess how strongly they have been linked to each other in the last three decades in Europe and test their consistency over time. Methods: Using four waves of the European Values Study and publicly available demographic indicators for 23 European countries, we reconstruct, update, and evaluate the SDT indices. The attitudinal index measures postmaterialism, gender-egalitarianism, and religiosity. The behavioural index includes indicators of postponement, nonmarital childbearing, marriage, and divorce. Results: The correlation between the attitudinal and behavioural indices is positive, but its strength varies substantially over time. The indices’ strongest correlates are indicators of postponement (demographic index) along with gender-egalitarian views and the importance of leisure (attitudinal index). Marriage and divorce rates together with attitudes towards the institution of marriage are least consistent with the indices. Conclusions: Both indices are inconsistent internally and temporally. Some of the included indicators do not fit the SDT assumptions of stage-like one-directional development. Consequently, conclusions about the SDT based on cross-national data for a single year may be misleading. Contribution: We show that the ideational and demographic changes posited by the SDT should not be treated as a package. Their operationalisation should take into account their multidimensionality. To facilitate future research, we provide the ready-to-use indicator and index values used in the analysis.]},
  author = {Brzozowska, Zuzanna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/ 1.13560},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2021.44.46},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {14359871 23637064},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1115-1132},
  publisher = {Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Evidence from the last three decades in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2021.44.46},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{pollack2022religion,
  abstract = {"This essay examines the legal, social, and cultural situation of the churches and religion in Germany as well as the development of the religious landscape against the background of overarching social trends. After a brief introduction to central concepts and terms, the essay rst identies some historical milestones that were decisive for the constitution of churches and religion today, which are indispensable for understanding the current situation. Next, on the basis of empirical data, the evolution of the churches in the two German states from the post-war period to reunication, as well as the religious development in Germany as a whole since 1989/90 are examined in more detail. The chapter concludes with a summary providing an outlook on current problems in this area." Die kumulierten Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 1980 bis 2012 werden in diesem Beitrag ebenso wie die ALLBUS-Daten aus dem Jahr 2018 als Hauptdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 37. Fassung, Dezember 2022},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Pollack, Detlef and Müller, Olaf},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of German Politics},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13250 ; 10.4232/1.11898 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  editor = {Larres, Karl and Moroff, Holger and Wittlinger, Ruth},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5250 v2.0.0 ; ZA4578 v1.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {381-395},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {ALLBUS2018 ; ALLBUSkum1980-2012 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religion and the Churches},
  year = 2022
}

@inproceedings{grages2022provision,
  abstract = {Since the early 1990s, European welfare states have increasingly started to take responsibility for the provision of long-term-care (LTC) for older persons with care needs by introducing or extending different forms of welfare state support. However, LTC is still associated with gaps in social security and the risk of unmet care need in many welfare states. This report identifies main gaps in the structures of LTC provision and examines how differences in policy design are connected with care gaps based on a new typology of LTC policies that considers the relationship between the generosity of policies supporting extra familial and paid familial care. It also analyses the link between cultural and structural factors and cross-national differences in the extent and type of care gaps. Furthermore, the report discusses in how far care gaps affect the risk of poverty and unmet needs for persons with LTC needs based on age, income and gender. The comparative study draws on a new multi-dimensional approach to the measurement of LTC policy generosity. It includes seven European welfare states of different welfare state traditions: Norway, Germany, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom, Estonia and Hungary. The empirical analysis is based on legal documents of care policies, data from comparative European policy databases, quantitative data from EU-SILC, EVS and Special Eurobarometer 283 as well as national statistics. The findings show that cross-national differences in the extent and type of care gaps are mainly based on differences in institutional constellations of LTC policies. Generosity of access and extent of support need to be analyzed separately and the evaluation of LTC policy needs to be based on support measures for familial and extra familial LTC in order to identify care gaps sufficiently. The findings also show that cross-national differences in cultural ideas regarding the “adequate” form of LTC as well as structural factors, such as the degree of policy implementation or the availability and quality of extrafamilial LTC, can play an important role in the explanation of international differences. Moreover, the results of the investigation show that women and older people (85+), as well as people with a low income are exposed to particularly high social risks in countries with less generous care policies. In this regard, attributes that are associated with higher care needs can accumulate in the sense of intersectionality for specific social groups.},
  address = {Tampere},
  author = {Grages, Christopher and Pfau-Effinger, Birgit},
  booktitle = {CoE AgeCare Mid-Term Congress ‘Longer lives, better care?’, 15.06.-17.06.2022},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-33},
  study = {EU-SILC 2018 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Gaps in the provision of long-term care across Europe -Explaining cross-national differences},
  url = {https://euroship-research.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Working-Paper-No-14_final.pdf},
  venue = {Tampere},
  year = 2022
}

@article{lindqvist2023urban,
  abstract = {People frequently assume that attitudes towards the government’s involvement in the economy differentiate left- from right-wing politics. This paper compares this idea to a version of acceptance of inequality theory, where acceptance of inequality is the principal element of left–right competition, but the specific inequality motivating individuals’ left–right choice may differ. Using multilevel regression models with survey data from the World Values Survey, as well as two case studies, this paper finds that: (a) acceptance of inequality is a better context-independent predictor of left-right self-placements around the world; and (b) in the Netherlands and Denmark, the correlation between acceptance of an inequality (regarding class or immigration) and right-wing self-placement is stronger when the specific issue dimension is salient to citizens. However, the paper finds no equivalent interaction effect for attitudes towards economic statism. The evidence thus supports the view that the left–right dimension concerns acceptance of inequality, rather than economic interventionism.},
  author = {Lindqvist, Jesper},
  doi = {10.1177/01925121231158058},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {01925121},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {336-351},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {An urban myth? Government involvement in the economy and left–right politics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121231158058},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2024
}

@article{robert2022balkans,
  abstract = {Suite à la parution de l’article comparant les valeurs des Russes à celles exprimées en Europe dans les enquêtes EVS (European Values Studies), Futuribles complète cette comparaison des systèmes de valeurs sur le continent européen en proposant ici un regard sur les populations des États des Balkans. Dans le contexte géopolitique particulièrement tendu qui règne au moment de boucler ce numéro (fin mars 2022), analyser et comprendre comment évoluent les valeurs des Européens de part et d’autre du continent, voir si elles convergent et valident les options démocratiques qui prévalent dans l’Union européenne, constituent des éléments essentiels pour décrypter les réactions et évolutions à venir vis-à-vis des événements.Max-Valentin Robert, s’appuyant sur les données des EVS des vagues 2008-2010 et 2017-2020 recueillies en Albanie, Bosnie, Macédoine, Monténégro et Serbie (pays des Balkans occidentaux impliqués dans une démarche d’intégration à l’espace européen), examine ici le regard porté par leurs populations sur l’Union européenne et la notion d’« européanité », et leur degré d’adhésion aux valeurs démocratiques. Si bien des valeurs et critères d’appartenance à l’ensemble européen convergent avec ceux exprimés par les opinions des États de l’Union et des pays d’Europe centrale et orientale entrés dans l’Union en 2004, on constate aussi que l’adhésion au système démocratique européen se fait pour partie par dépit (en réaction aux dysfonctionnements de leurs propres institutions) et qu’elle n’exclut pas un regard encore bienveillant sur certaines alternatives plus autoritaires. En somme, si les valeurs des populations balkaniques montrent une convergence importante avec celle des populations des États membres de l’Union, la tendance reste à confirmer sur le long terme, à l’épreuve des évolutions en cours et à venir… S.D.},
  author = {Robert, Max-Valentin},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.448.0047},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 3,
  pages = {47-58},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Les Balkans et l’Europe : convergence et diversité},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/futur.448.0047},
  volume = 448,
  year = 2022
}

@book{midgley2023theory,
  abstract = {This book overcomes the limitations of existing models of national culture by presenting a novel archetypal methodology that captures heterogeneity within and between nations in a simple manner. The authors incorporate this methodology into a new, empirically derived theory of nations as composites of diverse culture configurations (or archetypes). The theory, which is illustrated through data on secular and emancipative values obtained from the European and World Value Surveys, shows the unity and diversity of these values across 117 nations, and identifies trends in global culture over four decades. Based on the authors' research, the book argues that universal archetypes capture the unity and diversity of the global cultural mosaic with precision and fidelity. By reflecting the reality of changing culture around the world with greater clarity, the book’s novel approach provides a comprehensive lens for international business scholars, practitioners, and policy makers to view, understand and explain culture-related phenomena.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Midgley, David and Venaik, Sunil and Christopoulos, Demetris},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-24482-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {A New Theory of Cultural Archetypes: Capturing Global Unity and Local Diversity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24482-7},
  year = 2023
}

@book{galland2022sociologie,
  abstract = {La jeunesse est une catégorie aux contours incertains. À quel âge débute-t-elle, à quel âge finit-elle ? La sociologie montre que la jeunesse est avant tout un passage dont les frontières et la définition ont évolué au cours de l’histoire et se modulent selon les situations sociales. L’affaiblissement des rites de passage, l’allongement des transitions professionnelles et la prolongation du temps des expériences qui tendent à repousser toujours plus tard l’accès à un plein statut adulte font que la jeunesse se décompose désormais en plusieurs phases – de l’adolescence au statut de jeune adulte – que ce livre tente de décrire. Devenu un « classique » du sujet depuis sa parution initiale en 1991, l’ouvrage repère et explique les évolutions significatives entraînées par ce mouvement général de recomposition sociale que la jeunesse subit parfois douloureusement. Cette 7e édition actualise les travaux récents sur l’entrée dans la vie adulte, les valeurs des jeunes, les comportements sexuels et la culture adolescente.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Galland, Olivier},
  edition = {7e édition},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Armand Colin},
  series = {Collection U},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Sociologie de la jeunesse},
  year = 2022
}

@book{symon2022slavs,
  abstract = {Many would agree that the issue of identity is pertinent for mission. This book explores the case study of Czechs in former Yugoslavia countries with focus on national identity of the missionaries. It aims to help mission practitioners to understand what to beware of and what to benefit from. It provides a fresh insight into mission dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe, yet with its aim on identity negotiation of missionaries could relate to other contexts as well. },
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Symon, David},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Regnum Books International},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Slavs to Slavs in Mission: Identity of Czech Missionaries in Former Yugoslavia Countries},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{pospisilova2022civic,
  abstract = {More than 30 years after the fall of the communist regime, its patterns are still visible in the Czech Republic. Although many studies undertaken in the first years after the transition have shown that popular support for democratic values among citizens was quite high, there was a significant decrease later on. Since this process was more or less similar in all post-communist countries, some authors spoke of a “post-honeymoon effect,” one predominantly caused by unrealistic economic expectations.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Pospíšilová, Jaroslava and Raudenská, Petra},
  booktitle = {Civic and Uncivic Values in the Czech Republic: Value Transformation, Politics, Education, and Gender Equality},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-91225-3_2},
  editor = {Ramet, Sabrina P. and Ðorđević, Vladimir and Hassenstab, Christine M.},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {22-51},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Civic Values in the Czech Republic in a European Context},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91225-3_2},
  year = 2022
}

@article{cernat2022impact,
  abstract = {Mixed-mode surveys are popular as they can save costs and maintain (or improve) response rates relative to single-mode surveys. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear how design decisions like survey mode or questionnaire length impact measurement quality. In this study, we compare measurement quality in an experiment of three distinct survey designs implemented in the German sample of the European Values Study: a single-mode face-to-face design, a mixed-mode mail/web design, and a shorter (matrix) questionnaire in the mixed-mode design. We compare measurement quality in different ways, including differences in distributions across several data quality indicators as well as equivalence testing over 140 items in 25 attitudinal scales. We find similar data quality across the survey designs, although the mixed-mode survey shows more item nonresponse compared to the single-mode survey. Using equivalence testing we find that most scales achieve metric equivalence and, to a lesser extent, scalar equivalence across the designs.},
  author = {Cernat, Alexandru and Sakshaug, Joseph and Christmann, Pablo and Gummer, Tobias},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1177/00491241221140139},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00491241},
  journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1873-1904},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Impact of Survey Mode Design and Questionnaire Length on Measurement Quality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221140139},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kanas2021immigrant,
  abstract = {This article contributes to previous research on immigrant integration by examining how religiosity and gender roles in European countries influence immigrant women’s labor market outcomes. Moreover, we extend theoretical work on the importance of the receiving country’s norms and values by hypothesizing and testing whether receiving countries’ influence varies with immigrant women’s religiosity and gender-role attitudes. Using the European Social Survey data and multilevel regression models, we find that religious immigrant women participate less in the labor market and work fewer hours than nonreligious immigrant women. Immigrant women’s traditional gender-role attitudes partly explain the negative relationship between individual religiosity and labor market outcomes. While the receiving country’s religiosity is negatively related to immigrant women’s labor market outcomes, this negative relationship is significantly weaker for religious and gender-traditional immigrant women than for nonreligious and gender-egalitarian women. These findings suggest that the economic benefits of residing in countries that support female employment are limited to immigrant women who are ready and positioned to embrace gender-egalitarian norms and values.},
  author = {Kanas, Agnieszka and Müller, Katrin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1177/01979183211008867},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {01979183},
  journal = {International Migration Review},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1231-1264},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Immigrant Women’s Economic Outcomes in Europe: The Importance of Religion and Traditional Gender Roles},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183211008867},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2021
}

@article{washida2021political,
  abstract = {What drives the current wave of democratic backsliding? Previous, mainly case-study-based research has illustrated how political polarization hinders collective actions to prevent illiberal outsiders from subverting democratic norm and institutions. However, there have been few systematic attempts to explore why people support such illiberal leaders and how political polarization erodes people’s trust in representative democracy. This study fills this gap by analyzing cross-national panel data (140 countries from 1975 to 2019) and cross-regional survey data (74 countries from 2010 to 2020). Findings of this paper demonstrate that political polarization erodes the legitimacy of elections and representative democracy by magnifying the winner-loser gap of perceived electoral integrity, by undermining people’s trust in (even substantially free and fair) elections, and by discouraging people from rejecting non-electoral measures of conflict resolution (e.g., political violence) and illiberal leaders. This paper also examines the origins of political polarization and the influence of institutions on political polarization and democratic backsliding.},
  author = {Washida, Hidekuni},
  doi = {10.7218/nenpouseijigaku.72.1_81},
  journal = {年報政治学},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {81-104},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {政治的分極化はいかに民主主義を後退させるのか ―選挙不 認識ギャップ、権威主義の許容、非リベラル政党の台頭 (How Does Political Polarization Erode Democracy?)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7218/nenpouseijigaku.72.1_81},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2021
}

@article{dindaroglu2023interpersonal,
  abstract = {Many studies in economics and regional science claim a positive link between interpersonal trust and innovation by demonstrating a positive effect of trust on patenting. This contrasts many findings from organization level studies on trust and innovation, who report a variety of findings including inverted-U type relations. A possible explanation is that trust exhibits different roles in invention and innovation, as the former relies on knowledge commons while the latter directly embeds commercialization and the market context. This study attempts to reconcile the two set of findings by studying indicators of invention and innovation in relation to trust at the same unit of observation, by using the regional variation in Europe. I study the relationship between interpersonal trust and patent applications (a measure of invention), trademark applications (a composite indicator) and the share of innovative sales in turnover by SMEs (a direct indicator of commercialization), across European regions. I show that trust positively affects trademark applications with an effect that is comparable to that on patent applications. However, trust exhibits an inverted-U type relationship with innovative sales. Results collectively point to a strong role of trust in all three creative activities, including a negative effect at the higher end when the indicator is directly contingent on commercialization and sales. I also estimate the extent of spatial spillovers in the effect of trust on all three creative outcomes.},
  author = {Dindaroglu, Burak},
  doi = {10.1111/grow.12674},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {00174815},
  journal = {Growth and Change},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {794-817},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Interpersonal trust, invention, and innovation across European regions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12674},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2023
}

@article{leissner2023media,
  abstract = {In lifestyle politics, citizens take political action by adapting their everyday lives to address transnational challenges, such as climate change. An important driver of lifestyle politics is exposure to media—both mass media, serving as important information sources, and social media, enabling discussion and expression. To explore how elements of culture shape this relationship, this study examines (a) the link between media use (measured by mass media and social media use) and lifestyle politics across 28 European countries and (b) how cultural context factors (measured by national levels of postmaterialist orientation and trust) moderate this relationship. Results of a multilevel analysis support the positive link between mass media use and lifestyle politics across all countries. However, the results also suggest that the relationship between social media use and lifestyle politics is positive only in countries with postmaterialist orientations and high levels of trust, underscoring the importance of cultural context factors.},
  author = {Leissner, Laura},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA5929 ; ZA6925},
  issn = {19328036},
  journal = {International Journal of Communication},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1486-1509},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EB81.5 ; EB88.1},
  title = {Media Use and Political Engagement: Cross-Cultural Approaches| Media Use and Green Lifestyle Politics in Diverse Cultural Contexts of Postmaterialist Orientation and Generalized Trust: Findings From a Multilevel Analysis},
  url = {https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/17245},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kende2022policies,
  abstract = {More people than ever migrate across the world, thereby more people than ever live, study, and work in countries, regions, and institutions with high immigrant presence. Conflict and threat theories have argued that increasing immigration inevitably heightens native citizens’ anti-immigrant prejudice. Drawing on alternate strands of social psychological literature such as contact theory, the present study challenges this argument. We highlight the role of the sociopolitical context of prejudice focusing on socioeconomic and legal integration policies. We reason that such integration policies shape intergroup relations by reducing structural (socioeconomic and legal) inequalities. Thus, inclusive policies will effectively reduce prejudice especially at high levels of immigrant presence through empowering immigrants and reducing immigrant disadvantage. Indeed our findings identify inclusive integration policies as a key condition for low anti-immigrant prejudice in high-immigration contexts. We analyze surveys of 143,752 participants across 66 different countries, 20 subnational regions, and 64 institutions as sociopolitical contexts using six different data sets in eight studies. Our multilevel analyses consistently demonstrate that anti-immigrant prejudice is lower among natives when higher levels of immigrant presence are coupled with inclusive, rather than exclusive, integration policies. Inclusive policies that render immigrants more equal to natives are the path to improved intergroup relations and social cohesion in diverse societies. },
  author = {Kende, Judit and Sarrasin, Oriane and Manatschal, Anita and Phalet, Karen and Green, Eva G. T.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12312 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1037/pspi0000376},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5950 v2.0.0 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {19391315},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {337-352},
  study-id = {ISSP2013 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Policies and prejudice: Integration policies moderate the link between immigrant presence and anti-immigrant prejudice},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000376},
  volume = 123,
  year = 2022
}

@article{maslyk2022rosja,
  abstract = {The article aims to verify the assumption about the relationship between the quality of state institutions and institutional trust in Russia and Ukraine. This objective was achieved in two stages. Firstly, based on the European Value Survey and macrosocial and macroeconomic indicators, the place of Russia and Ukraine in the European ranking of institutional trust (survey data) and the ranking of the quality of state institutions (macro indicators) was determined. Additionally, based on aggregated data at the individual country level, the strength of the relationship between the positions of these countries in both rankings was tested. Secondly, using the data of the World Value Survey, the relationship between individual, subjective assessments of the social and political effects of the functioning of the state and institutional trust in Russia and Ukraine was tested. Based on the conducted analysis, several conclusions were formulated. First, regarding the quality of state institutions, Russia and Ukraine ranked last in Europe. Secondly, while Ukraine took an adequate position regarding institutional trust, Russia’s position was disproportionately high. Third, subjective ratings of institutional performance proved to be significant predictors of institutional trust in both countries, although their predictive power was higher among Ukrainians than among Russians.},
  author = {Masłyk, Tomasz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.14746/ssp.2022.3.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {17317517},
  journal = {Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {27-60},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Rosja i Ukraina–zaufanie instytucjonalne w kontekście społecznych ocen jakości działania instytucji państwa. Podobieństwa i różnice (Russia and Ukraine – Institutional Trust in the Context of Social Evaluations of the Quality of the Performance of State Institutions. Similarities and Differences)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14746/ssp.2022.3.2},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{fernandezcobian2022religious,
  abstract = {This chapter presents an overview of the contemporary religious landscape in Europe and the architecture that defines it. In a continent historically divided along several lines of friction, the last of them—the Iron Curtain footprint—is taken as basis for structuring the chapter. Three phenomena that deserve independent analysis are examined: the decline of religion in Western Europe, the emergence of religiosity in Eastern Europe, and the relationship between religious architecture and mass population movements, both forced and voluntary. The study of these three aspects of contemporary Europe raises questions about the specific ways religion is lived in Europe, about the reuse of religious heritage, the survival of national identity through architecture, and the capacity of social interaction to define new cultural landscapes.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Fernández-Cobián, Esteban},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Religious Space},
  doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190874988.013.25},
  editor = {Kilde, Jeanne Halgren},
  isbn = {9780190874988},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {376-392},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Religious Landscape and Its Architecture in Contemporary Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190874988.013.25},
  year = 2022
}

@article{lim2022culture,
  abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to examine how much difference in income can be explained by familial culture that persists in different societies. Design/methodology/approach: We employ a two-step methodology to evaluate the impact of familial culture on income across countries. In the first step, we construct the macro measures of familial culture from micro survey data. In the second step, the growth model is estimated. Findings: First-step micro regression results show that family is more important to female, richer, highly educated, unemployed and married individuals. Male, poorer, less educated and unemployed individuals are more likely to respect and love parents unconditionally. The same group is also more likely to think that parents must do the best for their kids. Finally, the macro results show that the strength of national familial ties explains significant differences in income across countries. Research limitations/implications: We show that countries with weak family ties are richer than those with strong family ties. These results are useful for policymakers who design public policies that accommodate the type of familial culture that persists in their society. Originality/value: We construct the macro measures of familial culture from the micro survey data. The paper adds to the literature on the effect of culture on income at the macro level.},
  author = {Lim, Sokchea and Kahai, Simran K. and Khun, Channary},
  doi = {10.1108/JES-06-2020-0276},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {213-226},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Culture and income across countries: evidence from family ties},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-06-2020-0276},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{polak2023vertrauensverlust,
  abstract = {Mein Vortrag widmet sich schmerzhaften Themen, über die niemand gerne spricht. Ich übersehe dabei nicht die vielen positiven Entwicklungen und Anstrengungen unserer Kirchen. Aber ich spitze meine Diagnose hier zu, um dafür zu sensibilisieren, dass wir vor einer enormen Herausforderung stehen, wenn wir wieder Vertrauen gewinnen wollen. Getragen sind meine Überlegungen von der Überzeugung, dass der Verlust des Vertrauens in die Kirchen nicht nur für diese, sondern für die ganze Gesellschaft ein Drama darstellt. Als verbindende Kraft haben sie über Jahrhunderte die Werte Europas geprägt und ich sehe derzeit keine andere Institution, die breitenwirksam vor allem zu den ethischen und Sinnkrisen beiträgt. Wenn wir angesichts multipler Krisen also unsere Sendung erfüllen und unseren Beitrag leisten wollen, führt an einer selbstkritischen Analyse nichts vorbei. },
  address = {Regensburg},
  author = {Polak, Regina},
  booktitle = {Gesellschaft ohne Vertrauen: Risse im Fundament des Zusammenlebens},
  editor = {Lederhilger, Severin},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {80-102},
  publisher = {Verlag Friedrich Pustet},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Vertrauensverlust als Menetekel für die Kirche},
  url = {https://www.vivat.de/gesellschaft-ohne-vertrauen-2557756/},
  year = 2023
}

@article{han2023where,
  abstract = {We utilize the literature on social pacts to argue that governments can reduce manual worker support for the radical right by engaging in an inclusive process of decision-making with unions. Our analysis examines 11 Western European countries between 1999 and 2017 and employs a Heckman selection model. We find that when left or mainstream right governments complete social pact agreements, manual workers become less likely to support radical right-wing parties (RRPs); but when such governments fail to convert social pact proposals into social pact agreements, manual workers become more likely to support RRPs. We also find that social pact agreements have a greater effect on manual worker support for the radical right when they occur under mainstream right governments, but that failed social pact proposals have a greater effect on manual worker support for the radical right when they occur under left governments; and that the social pact formation process matters more for the RRP support of manual workers who belong to a union than those who do not. Our results suggest that manual worker support for the radical right is not only a function of issue voting or socioeconomic and policy outcomes, but also features of the policymaking process.},
  author = {Han, Kyung Joon and Castater, Eric Graig},
  doi = {10.1080/23745118.2021.1973214},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {European Politics and Society},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {188-212},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {It’s not just where you stand, it’s how you got there: social pacts and manual worker support for radical right-wing parties},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2021.1973214},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2023
}

@article{maslyk2022rosja,
  abstract = {The article aims to verify the assumption about the relationship between the quality of state institutions and institutional trust in Russia and Ukraine. This objective was achieved in two stages. Firstly, based on the European Value Survey and macrosocial and macroeconomic indicators, the place of Russia and Ukraine in the European ranking of institutional trust (survey data) and the ranking of the quality of state institutions (macro indicators) was determined. Additionally, based on aggregated data at the individual country level, the strength of the relationship between the positions of these countries in both rankings was tested. Secondly, using the data of the World Value Survey, the relationship between individual, subjective assessments of the social and political effects of the functioning of the state and institutional trust in Russia and Ukraine was tested. Based on the conducted analysis, several conclusions were formulated. First, regarding the quality of state institutions, Russia and Ukraine ranked last in Europe. Secondly, while Ukraine took an adequate position regarding institutional trust, Russia’s position was disproportionately high. Third, subjective ratings of institutional performance proved to be significant predictors of institutional trust in both countries, although their predictive power was higher among Ukrainians than among Russians.},
  author = {Masłyk, Tomasz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.14746/ssp.2022.3.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {27-60},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Rosja i Ukraina – zaufanie instytucjonalne w kontekście społecznych ocen jakości działania instytucji państwa. Podobieństwa i różnice},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssp.2022.3.2},
  volume = 2022,
  year = 2022
}

@article{paulson2022public,
  abstract = {Growing evidence supports the need to re-evaluate the nature and function of our economies in favour of post-growth principles if we are to have a socially and environmentally viable future. This study contributes to the discussion on how to achieve such a future by addressing a remaining gap in the literature about the public acceptance of post-growth, since a viable transition requires public support to validate political actions. Taking a mixed-methods approach, we ask which values and socio-economic characteristics are associated with support for post-growth and why. On average among 34 European countries, 60.5 % of people are in favour of post-growth. Values such as environmentalism, collectivism and post-materialism were found to support post-growth visions of the future, but support for post-growth and these values is lower among disadvantaged people. We conclude that greater emphasis on redistribution and improving opportunities and livelihoods for disadvantaged people in a post-growth economy is key to making such a future more acceptable to them. However, this conflicts with policy preferences and values such as hierarchy, meritocracy, and individualism that tend to be more prominent among people who are well-off.},
  author = {Paulson, Lily and Büchs, Milena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1016/j.futures.2022.103020},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00163287},
  journal = {Futures},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Public acceptance of post-growth: Factors and implications for post-growth strategy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2022.103020},
  volume = 143,
  year = 2022
}

@article{doblyte2023class,
  abstract = {Purpose: Public willingness to pay for extra public benefits and services may demonstrate a tension between the common good (more services) and economic motives (higher taxes for all). In this article, the authors present an analysis of this trade-off by drawing upon the Bourdieusian theory of social reproduction and habitus. Design/methodology/approach: Employing the European Social Survey (2016), the authors first examine the patterns of relationships between the agents' position in the social structure and their attitudes across care regimes in Europe. The authors then analyse whether this link is mediated by agents' individual trajectories and dispositions, such as their beliefs towards equality or tradition, political orientation, or religiosity. Findings: The findings support the importance of both sociation and individuation in habitus formation, albeit to varying degrees across the regimes. Individual attitudes are therefore shaped not only by interests of reproducing or maximising social positions but also by more reflexive propensities to think about the common good. Originality/value: In this article, the authors draw upon the theory of social reproduction and habitus by Pierre Bourdieu, who has been thus far rarely employed in the study of welfare attitudes. The article also contributes to the literature that studies the trade-off between the expansion and financing of reconciliation policies.},
  author = {Doblytė, Sigita and Tejero, Aroa},
  doi = {10.1108/IJSSP-04-2022-0089},
  issn = {0144333X},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {5/6},
  pages = {436-453},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Class or individual habitus? Willingness to spend more on reconciliation policies in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-04-2022-0089},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2023
}

@article{bentzen2022power,
  abstract = {This paper studies to what extent religion has been used to legitimize political power throughout the world and how this matters for current institutions. Historically, some rulers have used religion to legitimize their power, while others relied on more democratic means. This tendency, termed divine legitimization, incentivized rulers to embed religion into institutions. We illustrate within a simple framework that the use of religion to legitimize power and the consequent institutionalization of religion may help explain why religion and religious institutions have persisted despite modernization. To test empirically, we combine data on pre-modern religious beliefs across 1265 ethnographic societies, various geographic data, and current data on the prevalence of religious laws in 176 countries. We provide evidence in support of divine legitimization and the resulting institutionalization of religion. For identification, we exploit exogenous variation in the incentives to employ religion for power purposes. We further document that countries that relied on divine legitimization are more autocratic today and their populace more religious. These results contribute to our understanding of the persistence of religious as well as autocratic institutions.},
  author = {Bentzen, Jeanet Sinding and Gokmen, Gunes},
  doi = {10.1007/s10887-022-09214-4},
  issn = {15737020},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Growth},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {45–78},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The power of religion},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-022-09214-4},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dam2021state,
  author = {Dam, Caspar ten},
  journal = {Forum of EthnoGeoPolitics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {9-35},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {State of the World and our Research Projects related to EthnoGeoPolitics: Observations on the Conundrum of Identities, Interests and Resolutions of Conflict by Diplomacy, Deterrence - or War },
  url = {https://www.kpsrl.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/ForumofEGPVol9Nos1-2CaspartenDam-StateWorldandResearchProjectsEthnoGeoGeopolitics_pp9-34.pdf},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2021
}

@inproceedings{sturdee2023exploring,
  abstract = {Data-physicalizations encode data and meaning through geometry or material properties, providing a non-planar view of data, offering novel opportunities for interrogation, discovery and presentation. This field has explored how single users interact with complex 3D data, but the challenges in the application of this technology to collaborative situations have not been addressed. We describe a study exploring interactions and preferences among co-located individuals using a dynamic data-physicalization in the form of a shape-changing bar chart, and compare this to previous work with single participants. Results suggest that co-located interactions with physical data prompt non-interactive hand gestures, a mirroring of physicalizations, and novel hand gestures in comparison to single participant studies. We also note that behavioural similarities in participants between interactive tabletop studies and data-physicalizations may be capitalised upon for further development of these dynamic representations. Finally, we consider the implications and challenges for the adoption of these types of platforms.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Sturdee, Miriam and Kara, Hayat and Alexander, Jason},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
  doi = {10.1145/3544548.3581214},
  editor = {Schmidt, Albrecht and Väänänen, Kaisa and Goyal, Tesh and Kristensson, Per Ola and Peters, Anicia and Mueller, Stefanie and Williamson, Julie R. and Wilson, Max L.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  series = {CHI '23},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Exploring Co-located Interactions with a Shape-Changing Bar Chart},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581214},
  year = 2023
}

@book{carr2022catholicism,
  abstract = {Catholicism and Liberal Democracy seeks to clarify if there is a place for Catholicism in the public discourse of modern liberal democracy, bringing secular liberalism, as articulated by Jürgen Habermas, into conversation with the Catholic tradition. James Martin Carr explores three aspects of the Catholic tradition relevant to this debate: the Church's response to democracy from the nineteenth century up until the eve of the Second Vatican Council; the Council's engagement with modernity, in particular through Gaudium et spes and Dignitatis humanae; and Joseph Ratzinger's theology of politics as a particularly incisive (and influential) articulation of the Catholic tradition in this area. Jürgen Habermas's theorization of the place of religion in modern democracy, both in his earlier secularist phase and after his 'post-secular' turn, is evaluated. The adequacy of Habermas's recent attempts to accommodate religious citizens are critically examined and it is argued that developments in his later thought logically require a more thoroughgoing revision of his earlier theory. These developments, it is argued, create tantalizing openings for fruitful dialogue between Habermas and theCatholic tradition. Using analytical tools drawn from communications theory, the debates on same-sex marriage at Westminster and in the Irish referendum campaign are analyzed, assessing whether Catholic contributions to these debates comply with Habermasian rules of civic discourse. In light of this analysis, the prospects of, and impediments to, Catholic participation in public discourse are appraised. Carr concludes by proposing a Ratzingerian critique of contemporary attempts to redefine marriage within a broader, more fundamental critique of the modern democratic state as currently configured. A political system founded upon secularist monism cannot but regard Christian Gelasianism, and its Catholic variant in particular, as an existential threat. Thus, Catholics, however Habermasian their political behavior, can never be more than uneasy bedfellows with modern liberal democracy.},
  address = {Washington},
  author = {Carr, James Martin},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {The Catholic University of America Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Catholicism and Liberal Democracy: Forgotten Roots and Future Prospects},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{lomazzi2022gender,
  abstract = {This contribution offers a comparative analysis of attitudes towards gender roles (GRA) in the domestic and public domains and their relation to cultural orientations. Using the novel alignment method, the factor means of GRA have been estimated while assessing for their measurement equivalence across the whole set of 34 countries included in the final release of EVS 2017. The results address the necessity of considering the multidimensionality of this concept. The country ranking showed that several countries support egalitarian gender roles in the public and domestic domains differently. In some cases, support for gender equality in the public sphere was expressed alongside traditional views in the private sphere, displaying, therefore, ambivalence between attitudes in these two domains. The Pearson correlations between GRA and the cultural values scores (Schwartz 2006) show that societies that emphasize the importance of the collective and status quo tend to support more traditional gender roles, both in the public and in the domestic domain. However, this relationship is stronger and clearer in the public domain. These findings suggest that the shift towards more egalitarian societies risks being slowed down if policies favor female economic and political participation but neglect the promotion of equality in the household.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's Contribution to the European Values Study},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {282-299},
  publisher = {Open Press Tilburg University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gender Equality Values and Cultural Orientations},
  url = {https://aisberg.unibg.it/handle/10446/216342?mode=complete},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{pop2022income,
  abstract = {This chapter makes use of the EVS longitudinal integrated file to analyse whether an overall trend towards higher income inequality is associated with growing or declining acceptance of corrupt acts among different social strata. Taking advantage of innovations in multilevel modelling allowed for by the ‘repeated cross-sectional’-nature of this data source, we find that contradictory findings established in previous studies are hard to replicate: there is no relationship between the ‘average’ level (between countries) or the changes (within countries) in income inequality and the acceptance of corrupt acts. Further findings suggest that future research should account for so-called ‘cluster-effects’, whereby ‘families of countries’ with similar religiously-rooted institutional and legal-historical traditions and regulations, systematically vary in terms of value orientations. In particular, we find higher acceptance of corrupt acts in the Southern- and Eastern-European countries compared to the Northern countries. Future research could flesh out which macro-level institutional arrangements (e.g., religion) are associated with which micro-level social attitudes and norms related to the ‘acceptance of corruption’.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Pop, Ioana and Dewilde, Caroline},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {334-347},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  series = {European Values Series},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Income inequality and acceptance of corrupt acts},
  url = {https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/income-inequality-and-acceptance-of-corrupt-acts},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2022
}

@article{tezanos2022international,
  abstract = {Average life evaluations significantly vary across countries due to several factors, such as income, health, social support, freedom, generosity and corruption. In this paper we carry out an analysis of the joint distribution of average life satisfaction and five key determinants in 103 countries by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis. We build a life satisfaction taxonomy that identifies five groups of countries: two comprise relatively dissatisfied countries, one includes moderately satisfied countries, and the remaining two highly satisfied countries. The contribution of the taxonomy is twofold. First, it provides the first systematic classification of countries based on life satisfaction and its determinants and suggests that previous classifications are not as robust as it is usually assumed. Second, the taxonomy contributes to the discussion on the meaning and measurement of well-being. Interestingly, it shows that different configurations of the classification variables may be associated with similar levels of life satisfaction.},
  author = {Tezanos, Sergio and López-Noval, Borja},
  data-doi = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  doi = {10.1504/IJHD.2022.124167},
  gesis-study_no = {10.4232/1.12253},
  issn = {20492790},
  journal = {International Journal of Happiness and Development},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {64-90},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {How's life? An international classification based on life satisfaction and its determinants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2022.124167},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{grzymalakazlowska2021postawy,
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Grzymała-Kazłowska, Aleksandra and Ziółkowska, Patrycja},
  booktitle = {Wartości w działaniu},
  editor = {Marody, Mirosława},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {131-160},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Spółka z o.o.},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Postawy wobec inności w świetle koncepcji (super)różnorodności (Attitudes towards the others in the light of the concept of superdiversity)},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{chomkovamanea2022explaining,
  abstract = {In the context of the European “migration crisis,” the rise of populism and nationalism, and dramatic changes in the political-party spectrum, understanding attitudes towards immigrants and immigration and the factors behind these attitudes represents an important issue. This chapter contributes to understanding this phenomenon in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). We examine how attitudes towards immigrants and immigration are shaped by elements of national identity and political culture. With regard to such attitudes overall, we find that the “Western” countries, Germany and Austria, generally embrace more positive views than CEE countries.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Chomková Manea, Beatrice-Elena and Jaworsky, Bernadette Nadya},
  booktitle = {Behind the Illiberal Turn: Values in Central Europe},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004514041_006},
  editor = {Hajdinjak, Sanja and Chromková Manea, Beatrice and Chytilek, Roman},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {92-123},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Explaining Attitudes towards Immigrants and Immigration through the Lenses of National Identity and Political Culture},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004514041_006},
  year = 2022
}

@article{isayan2022causations,
  abstract = {The repository of literature studying the relationship between economic indicators and social capital through traditional surveys data is growing. At the same time, the emergence of social networks has created competing big data that require in-depth analysis and comparison of results. The aim of this research is to analyze the interaction between countries' economic outcomes and proxy indicators of social capital, considering and comparing the traditional data of surveys and Facebook's data of social connectedness index. Correlation analysis, Granger and Dumitrescu Hurlin Panel Causality tests, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression methods of analysis on panel and crosscountry data are used to show that countries' GDP per capita indicator is a cause for higher social capital, while social connectedness indicators explain only a very small part of the GDP per capita indicator. It is also shown that institutional trust and networks elements of social capital are the most influential and statistically significant explaining variables of GDP per capita (in case of the latter variable, the connection is two-sided). The scientific contribution of this study is that it brings research growing in two different directions into one dimension. The results of the analysis are also of practical importance for public policy development, social media companies and the buyers-users of their data.},
  author = {Isayan, Liana and Mayilyan, Firuza},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.14254/2071-789X.2022/15-2/4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  journal = {Economics & Sociology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {60-73},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Causations or payoffs? The interaction between countries’ economic results and competing proxies of social capital},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2022/15-2/4},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2022
}

@article{wamsler2023dimensions,
  abstract = {Social trust is crucial for the functioning of societies and states as well as for the wellbeing of individuals. In this article, I expand on previous literature and scrutinise the role of definitions of group membership in the form of national belonging as a key predictor of three distinct dimensions of social trust: particularised trust, trust in strangers and identity-based trust. Drawing on recent data from the European Values Study, I find that stronger ethnic conceptions of nationhood are related to higher identity-based trust, whereas the reverse holds for trust in strangers. The latter relationship, however, must be qualified regarding majority conceptions at the respective national level. Results for particularised trust, however, point towards a more complex relationship than outlined in the theoretical expectations. Thus, this article contributes to extant literature by presenting a comprehensive argument linking all three dimensions to conceptions of nationhood challenging simplified notions of generalised trust. Further, I go beyond extant studies by combining conceptions of nationhood at the individual level with several country-level variables to demonstrate the robustness of the results.},
  author = {Wamsler, Steffen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1111/nana.12935},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {13545078},
  journal = {Nations and Nationalism},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {598-617},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Dimensions of social trust and national identity: Addressing a multifaceted relationship},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12935},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@article{podolinska2022approach,
  abstract = {The diversity of worldviews and growing pluralism should not encompass only religious standpoints; more attention should also be paid to the certainly not thus far sufficiently grasped fields of non-religiosity. This represents another realm within the religious landscape; it is a form of diversity within diversity, as there are many types of worldviews, attitudes and their typologies. With this kick-off essay we attempt to identify several approaches to the study of non-religion, with a focus on the European and American context. We attempt to outline the difficulties connected with labelling and the uncertain boundaries and multiplicity of interrelations between the spheres of religiosity, spirituality and non-religiosity. Our attention is focused on the social perception of the broader sphere of non-religiosity, with the complexity of the often stereotypical perception of this group. Practical reflections of non-religion are presented through the optics of quantitative data from selected countries and qualitative data, such as a brief outline of ethnographic research conducted in Slovakia in 2019–2021. e main idea of the contribution is to point out that without a redefinition of all labelling categories used to denote the profile of modern religiosity, spirituality and irreligiosity, we can hardly use the term “nones” in the proper sense. To make such a deep reflexive turn, we need to pay attention to qualitative research and focus on multi-sited ethnographies that can shed light on the shadowy places of current research and clarify not only labels but also our knowledge on what religion is and what roles it plays in modern societies.},
  author = {Podolinská, Tatiana Zachar and Majo, Juraj},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.31577/SN.2022.4.37},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {Slovenský národopis / Slovak Ethnology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {447-474},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP2018 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {How to Approach (Non)Religion and Labelling Categories that Continue to be Fuzzy (Theoretical and Numerical Take Off )},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31577/SN.2022.4.37},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2022
}

@article{diederich2022cultural,
  abstract = {Many European studies find that immigrants and the native population differ in their long-term care use. These differences have been attributed to immigrants’ cultural preferences, among others. However, the cultural integration process of immigrants may result in a potential caregiving conflict between foreign-born immigrants’ preferences for long-term care and their children’s willingness to provide long-term care. In this study, we empirically assess to what extent cultural factors that prevail in foreign-born immigrants’ country of origin are reflected in their children’s value of informal care. Using data from the German Family Panel and the World Values Survey/European Values Study, we regressed second-generation immigrants’ value of informal care on the cultural strength of family ties that prevails in their parents’ country of birth. Probit models were estimated and individual characteristics were accounted for. The results show that second-generation immigrants who originate from cultures with stronger family ties are more likely to express a high value of informal care than second-generation immigrants who come from cultures with weaker family ties. We conclude that immigrants’ values of informal care are deeply shaped by their country of origin. Policy makers should keep immigrants’ needs and preferences in mind when implementing long-term care interventions. The same set of long-term care interventions can have very different effects, depending on immigrants’ values.},
  author = {Diederich, Freya and König, Hans-Helmut and Brettschneider, Christian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s10433-022-00730-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {16139380},
  journal = {European Journal of Ageing},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1467–1477},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Cultural traits and second-generation immigrants’ value of informal care},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-022-00730-1},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@article{eichberger2022south,
  abstract = {Completing the comparison of value systems on the European continent begun by Pierre Bréchon and Myriam Désert’s article on the values of the Russian people, Futuribles offers an insight here into the populations of the states of the South Caucasus, also based on European Values Study (EVS) surveys. As our readers will be aware, there are two parts to the Caucasus region: North Caucasus (Chechnya, Daghestan etc.), which is part of the Russian Federation, and the South Caucasus comprising three independent countries (with some territories disputed) between the Black and the Caspian Seas. It is the values expressed in these three countries — Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan — that Anton Eichberger compared with those of Western and Eastern Europeans, particularly with regard to the European Union and nationalist sentiment. After reminding us of the conflicts and tensions that have affected the South Caucasus for decades, Eichberger shows the disparities that exist between these countries in terms of nationalism. If national values emerge as essential — and distinctly more marked than in Western or Eastern Europe — the nature of that nationalism varies, being at times closed and identitarian (Azerbaijan or Georgia) and at others more oriented toward shared ways of life (Armenia). Something similar applies with the attitude to immigrants, Armenians and Georgians expressing more compassion than Azerbaijanis — and even than Europeans. In these areas, the weight of history and the relationship with Russia remains influential, as is evidenced in particular by the distinct openness of Georgia toward the European Union, though this is something which might be cooled to a substantial extent by the war Russia began against Ukraine in 2022.},
  author = {Eichberger, Anton},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {59-72},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {South Caucasus: Turmoil and prospects},
  url = {https://www.cairn-int.info/journal-futuribles-2022-3-page-59.htm},
  volume = 448,
  year = 2022
}

@article{brechon2022russes,
  abstract = {After recalling the demographic, economic, historical, and cultural background of the two countries, which are strongly marked by orthodoxy, this article seeks to understand the value system of Russians and Ukrainians, by analyzing the data of the European Values Study in 1999, 2008, and 2017–2020. The liberalism of morals is very strongly rejected by both countries, although Ukraine is clearly more modern in its conception of the family and its promotion of individual autonomy. Sociability is more vertical than horizontal in both countries, with a weak civil society, low politicization and political participation, and very uncertain democratic values, although Ukraine seems to be gradually moving toward the latter, whereas illiberal and authoritarian values are progressing strongly in Russia. Nationalism is very strong in both countries, although obviously built on opposing rationales : the return to a great unified Russian empire on the one hand, and the defense of Ukraine’s independence against the imperialism of its large neighbor, on the other. In this context, Ukraine expects much from the European Union.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.4000/ress.9053},
  journal = {Revue européenne des sciences sociales},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  pages = {47-69},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Russes et Ukrainiens: des valeurs qui se différencient progressivement},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/ress.9053},
  volume = {60-2},
  year = 2022
}

@article{dalton2021political,
  abstract = {The current debate on the vitality of affluent democracies often cites the changing patterns of citizens? political participation as signs of this malaise. Fewer citizens are voting, and more are turning toward contentious and more direct forms of participation. What are the consequences? I describe the participation patterns in affluent democracies and then consider whether these changes in citizen participation are linked to the quality of democratic performance. Some scholars see a more assertive public as overloading the political system or destroying collective views of politics. Others see contentious politics as giving citizens an additional and more effective method of influencing policymakers. The evidence on citizen participation comes from two waves of the International Social Survey Program. Measures of the functioning of government come from the Economist Intelligence Unit and the World Bank. The analyses show that a more active public is correlated with a better functioning government. Moreover, these relationships are stronger for protest and other forms of direct action than for voting in national elections. The results suggest that an assertive and elite-challenging public is more of a boon than a curse for democratic politics.},
  author = {Dalton, Russell J.},
  doi = {10.1177/00027642211021624},
  issn = {00027642},
  journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {533-550},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Political Action, Protest, and the Functioning of Democratic Governance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211021624},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2021
}

@article{mohunhimmelweit2023shifting,
  abstract = {How families balance employment and the care of young children has become a focus of dynamic policy change in many high-income countries since the 1990s. While there has been a broad shift across the OECD away from male-breadwinner model work-family policy regimes, there is much variation in the extent to which policies targeted at fathers have been part of these changes. Examining this variation, this article compares two cases which both represent ?late path shifters? away from the male-breadwinner family model, yet whose trajectory in terms of ?father politics? are very different: Germany, which has introduced well-remunerated, non-transferable periods of leave for fathers, and the UK, where leave policy has remained overwhelmingly focused on mothers. This article seeks to explain these different trajectories through an analysis of the political role of ideas in the two processes of reform. Drawing on documentary analysis and interviews with policymakers, it argues that a substantial shift in ideas about the role of fathers underpinned the reforms in Germany, while no such shift took place in the UK. This difference is explained with reference to political conditions, which created similar but different windows of opportunity for change, and the impact of existing policy legacies.},
  author = {Mohun Himmelweit, Samuel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/13229400.2023.2179529},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {13229400},
  journal = {Journal of Family Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {2556-2575},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Shifting worlds of father politics? Comparing path-departing change in paternity and parental leave policy in Germany and the UK},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2023.2179529},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@article{schaub2022global,
  abstract = {How our governments deal with environmental crises can depend on national culture, including time preference (i.e., short- vs. long-term orientation). Here, we follow up on the hypothesis that long-term orientation increases environmental policy performance. To this end, we use three time preference indices (including a newly constructed index with a wide spatial coverage based on Google search data). Our results show that countries with higher long-term orientation have higher environmental policy performance. This relationship is in most cases because of the positive association of long-term orientation and environmental policy performance with economic development and other factors. Only the analysis with increased spatial coverage (especially to African and Asian countries) using Google long-term orientation shows some results indicating positive relationships when considering economic development and other factors. Still, also in this analysis, the positive relationships are largely because of economic development and other factors. Expanding the spatial coverage when measuring time preference might add insights into the time preference-environmental policy performance relationship. Moreover, the results show that researchers need to control for important factors, especially economic development, when analyzing time preference and environmental policy performance or related questions, such as environmental behavior and culture, as these factors can completely, or at least largely, drive the results.},
  author = {Schaub, Sergei},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2021.11.017},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {14629011},
  journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {102-109},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Global relationships between time preference and environmental policy performance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.11.017},
  volume = 128,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{dobbelaere2023conflicts,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel},
  booktitle = {Religious Voting in Western Democracies},
  editor = {Montero, José Ramón and Segatti, Paolo and Calvo, Kerman},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {27-59},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Conflicts on moral issues: Christian Churches and societal secularization in Western Europe},
  year = 2023
}

@article{kolczynska2024modeling,
  abstract = {With the growing availability of multi-wave surveys, social scientists are turning to latent trend models to examine changes in social and political attitudes. Aiming to facilitate this research, we propose a framework for estimating trends in public opinion consisting of three components: the measurement model that links the observed survey responses to the latent attitude, the latent trend model that estimates a trajectory based on aggregated individual latent scores, and representativeness adjustments. We use individual-level item response theory models as the measurement model that is tailored to analyzing public opinion based on pooled data from multi-wave surveys. The main part of our analysis focuses on the second component of our framework, the latent trend models, and compares four approaches: thin-plate splines, Gaussian processes, random walk (RW) models, and autoregressive (AR) models. We examine the ability of these models to recover latent trends with simulated data that vary the shape of the true trend, model complexity, and data availability. Overall, under the conditions of our simulation study, we find that all four latent trend models perform well. We find two main performance differences: the relatively higher squared errors of AR and RW models, and the under-coverage of posterior intervals in high-frequency low-amplitude trends with thin-plate splines. For all models and across all scenarios, performance improves with increased data availability, which emphasizes the need of supplying sufficient data for accurate estimation of latent trends. To further illustrate the differences between the four latent trend models, we present a case study with an analysis of trends in political trust in Hungary, Poland, and Spain between 1995 and 2019. We note the relatively weaker performance of splines compared to other models in this application and conclude by discussing factors to consider when choosing the latent trend model, and further opportunities in this line of research.},
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta and Bürkner, Paul-Christian},
  doi = {10.1093/jssam/smad024},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {23250984},
  journal = {Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {130–154},
  study = {CCEB 1995-2015 ; Eurobarometer 1995-2015},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Modeling Public Opinion Over Time: a Simulation Study of Latent Trend Models},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smad024},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{reeskens2022better,
  abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and particularly lockdowns that were imposed to curtail the spread of the novel coronavirus have had a profound impact on our sociability, restricting our sex lives as a result. Less is known, however, about the extent to which people have justified casual sex less during the pandemic. Scholarship argues that such moral values are socialised at a young age, remain stable across the life course, and are therefore largely resistant against adverse experiences. The pandemic offers a unique opportunity to test this claim. In this chapter, we analyse data of the European Values Study for 1999, 2008 and 2017, representative of the Netherlands, supplemented with additional data collections in May 2020 and October 2020, allowing for an evaluation of the specific nature of justifying casual sex. The analysis show that the increase in justifying casual sex came to a halt during the ‘intelligent lockdown’, which was imposed by the Dutch government to curtail the spread of the coronavirus. During the crisis, strong opposition to casual sex was expressed by Dutch respondents who were concerned about the virus. When lockdown measures were eased, justification of casual sex increased again. Although we find evidence for experiential explanations for justifying casual sex, the results of our study further suggest that these justifications are embedded in modernisation theory.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Reeskens, Tim and Bijsterveld, Arnoud-Jan A.},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  doi = {10.26116/09eq-y488},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {388-402},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  series = {European Values Series},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {You can look (but you better not touch): Who justifies casual sex before and during the Covid-19 pandemic?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26116/09eq-y488},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2022
}

@article{besic2023image,
  abstract = {Objective. The goal of this article is to analyze how individual perception and apprehension of religion is associated with the democratic values and norms of European citizens. Method. We used a multi-level regression fixed effect estimate which is based on data from the 2017 cross-national European Values Survey (EVS). Results. We found that understanding religion as a personal god, as opposed to understanding religion as spirit/life force, significantly negatively relates with democratic orientation, and positively relates with anti-democratic orientation. Hence, understanding religion as a spirit/life force supports individual democratic orientation and protects from anti-democratic orientation. We also found that the effect of the personal god on both democratic and anti-democratic orientation is much stronger in the post-socialist countries of Eastern Europe compared to Western Europe. Conclusions. We conclude that the personification of god represents an authoritarian mode of religious personality which plays a negative role in evaluating democratic values; while understanding religion as a spiritual/life force provides a generalized metaphysical path which is in accordance with democratic orientation.},
  author = {Bešić, Miloš and Veković, Marko},
  doi = {10.18261/njrs.36.1.1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {08097291},
  journal = {Nordic Journal of Religion and Society},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {4-18},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Image of God and Democratic Orientation: What Kind of God Matters?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18261/njrs.36.1.1},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{matulic2023izabrana,
  abstract = {Autori analiziraju razlike u stavovima građana o suvremenim bioetičkim pitanjima pobačaja, inseminacije, samoubojstva, eutanazije, smrtne kazne i roditeljstva homoseksualnih parova u zemljama srednjoeuropskoga kulturnog kruga: Austrija, Hrvatska, Češka, Njemačka, Mađarska, Poljska, Slovačka i Slovenija. Autori ističu da se građani spomenutih zemalja značajno razlikuju u odnosu na religiju i vjersko opredjeljenje. Poljska i Hrvatska mogu se smatrati izrazito katoličkim zemljama, a Češka izrazito ateističkom zemljom s dvjema trećinama onih koji se izjašnjavaju kao nevjernici i neopredijeljeni. Autori uspoređuju mišljenja i stavove građana, iznoseći na vidjelo sličnosti i razlike među njima. Na temelju tih analiza autori zaključuju da je zemlje srednjoeuropskoga kulturnog kruga moguće na temelju dobivenih rezultata istraživanja makar uvjetno razvrstati u dvije skupine. U prvu skupinu ulaze Poljska i Hrvatska, a prati ih Slovačka s najvećim postotkom neodlučnih, u kojima se još uvijek uočava značajan utjecaj vjerskog opredjeljenja na vrijednosne stavove u spomenutim bioetičkim pitanjima. U drugu skupinu ulaze Češka, Njemačka, Slovenija i Austrija, u kojima se uočava manji utjecaj vjerskog opredjeljenja na takva pitanja.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Matulić, Tonči and Balabanić, Ivan},
  booktitle = {Promjene vrijednosnog sustava u demokratskoj Hrvatskoj},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip and Migles, Silvija and Nikodem, Krunoslav and Zrinšćak, Siniša},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {133-166},
  publisher = {Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Izabrana bioetička pitanja u zemljama srednjoeuropskoga kulturnog kruga prema evs 2017 (Selected bioethical issues in the countries of the Central European cultural circle according to EVS 2017)},
  year = 2023
}

@article{soenke2022investigating,
  abstract = {According to terror management theory, humans rely on meaningful and permanence-promising cultural worldviews, like religion, to manage mortality concerns. Prior research indicates that, compared to religious individuals, atheists experience lower levels of meaning in life following reminders of death. The present study investigated whether reminders of death would change atheists’ meaning in life after exposure to normative support for atheism. Atheists (N = 222) were either reminded of death or a control topic (dental pain) and exposed to information portraying atheism as either common or rare, and then asked to rate their perceived meaning in life. Results showed that reminders of death reduced meaning in life among atheists who were told that atheism is common. Results were consistent with the view that atheism reflects the rejection of religious faith rather than a meaningful secular terror managing worldview. Discussion considers implications for maintaining healthy existential wellbeing, identifies limitations, and highlights future research directions.},
  author = {Soenke, Melissa and Vail III, Kenneth E and Greenberg, Jeff},
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913508},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Investigating the Role of Normative Support in Atheists’ Perceptions of Meaning Following Reminders of Death},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913508},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2022
}

@article{domingo2022integracin,
  abstract = {Despite the longstanding immigration inflows from Africa and the weight attained in Spain, the country's population displays, in the aggregation of citizens from both North and Sub-Saharan Africa, large gaps with respect to the native population and the rest of the immigrant population, in terms of their residential patterns and their labour insertion. !is article begins with a description of the context of the territorial and occupational distribution of the African population in comparison with other continental groups and native Spaniards by gender, and then goes on to analyse the residential and job segregation of that population during the 21st century. Although no causal relationship can be established between economic inequality and segregation, the African population undergoes higher levels of segregation related to their poorer working conditions. },
  author = {Domingo, Andreu and Bayona, Jordi and Gastón, Silvia},
  journal = {Mediterráneo Económico },
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {129-149},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Integración segmentada de la población africana en españa: precariedad laboral y segregación residencial},
  url = {https://publicacionescajamar.es/publicacionescajamar/public/pdf/publicaciones-periodicas/mediterraneo-economico/36/6-me-36-integracion-segmentada-de-la-poblacion-africana-en-espana.pdf},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2022
}

@article{gray2022transformation,
  abstract = {This article contributes to new scholarship on family change as bricolage and institutional layering. Focusing on the classic topic of parental values and aspirations for their children, we used a retrospective qualitative longitudinal analysis to trace the evolution of four overlapping cultural configurations across the 20th century: (1) standing back and not interfering, (2) cultivating achievement, (3) encouraging positive relationships, and (4) promoting happiness and self-fulfilment. We show that there was a directional change in the emphases and inflections placed on these configurations, and in the moral ambivalence that parents displayed as they reconciled them in their narratives. Meanings centred on autonomy and cultivation were layered onto relatedness across changing social contexts. Engaging with recent debates on the value of qualitative interviews, our analysis demonstrates how qualitative longitudinal research can provide rigorous analysis of long-term cultural change.},
  author = {Gray, Jane and Geraghty, Ruth},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1177/13607804221137600},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {13607804},
  journal = {Sociological Research Online},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1088-1109},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The Transformation of Parents’ Values and Aspirations for Their Children: A Retrospective Qualitative Longitudinal Analysis of Changing Cultural Configurations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13607804221137600},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2023
}

@article{londono2008aproximaciones,
  abstract = {Satisfaction with life can be a proxy indicator of the complex phenomenon of human and social development, with satisfaction with life being understood as subjectively interpreted outcome, which is socially repeated due to its alignment with collectively valued goals. Satisfaction with life can be affected by changes in some variables analyzed theoretically and statistically, such as functional capacities, goods, trust, choice of values, perception of the governability of the country, and the functioning of democracy, which are studied empirically here. For the estimation of the models which result from this interpretation of human development, databases of the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey in the year 2000 for 31 countries were utilized. Empirical results suggest that satisfaction with life as an indicator of human development is affected mainly by the interpretation of the personal conditions (functional capacity) and the effective material wealth of the person.},
  author = {Londoño, Sandra Liliana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  issn = {16578961},
  journal = {Pensamiento psicológico},
  keywords = {2008 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 11,
  pages = {13-28},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Aproximaciones a un modelo de desarrollo a partir de la satisfacción con la vida},
  url = {https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3091163},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2008
}

@incollection{jesuspeiropalomino2021formal,
  abstract = {For several years the attention of economists has focused mostly on income and related issues. This tendency changed during the last decade, when citizen's well-being became a topic of increasing interest. In that regard, the appearance of new databases providing reliable data on variables such as happiness or life satisfaction spurred the number of empirical contributions. This chapter contributes to this literature by analysing the links between informal, formal institutions and life satisfaction for a wide sample European regions.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Jesús Peiró-Palomino, Jesús and Tortosa-Ausina, Emili},
  booktitle = {Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being: Insights from Cross-Cultural Studies},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-75813-4_8},
  editor = {Almakaeva, Anna and Moreno, Alejandro and Wilkes, Rima},
  isbn = {978-3-030-75813-4},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {159-173},
  publisher = {Springer International},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Formal and Informal Institutions as Drivers of Life Satisfaction in European Regions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75813-4_8},
  year = 2021
}

@article{glas2022impact,
  abstract = {Right-wing populist voices argue that Muslims do not belong in Western Europe because Islam opposes the “core Western value” of women's empowerment. Ironically, such hostilities could cause European Muslims to reject antagonistic natives and their “Western values,” potentially creating backlashes in Muslims' support for gender equality. Delving into this possibility, this study diverges from simple conceptualizations of one inherently patriarchal Islam to study the diversity among Muslims in the gendered meanings they attach to their religion in different contexts. Empirically, we use a uniquely pooled dataset covering over 9,000 European Muslims in 16 Western European countries between 2008 and 2019. Multilevel models show that while mosque attendance limits support for public-sphere gender equality, religious identifications only do so among men and individual prayer only among women. Additionally, our results tentatively indicate that in more hostile contexts, prayer's effects become more patriarchal while religious identification's connection to opposition to gender equality weakens. We conclude that Islamic religiosities shape Muslims' support for public-sphere gender equality in far more complex ways than any right-wing populist claim on one essential patriarchal Islam captures.},
  author = {Glas, Saskia and Spiering, Niels},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2022.909578},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {The impact of anti-Muslim hostilities on how Muslims connect their religiosity to support for gender equality in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2022.909578},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2022
}

@article{serban2022sexual,
  abstract = {Little research has been focused on offline or online infidelity in GL dating relationships, especially in a post-communist socio-cultural context. Infidelity&ndash;related (IR) behaviors on social media sites might be as hurtful to relationships as offline infidelity, both in gay, lesbian (GL) and heterosexual romantic monogamous relationships. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to examine the associations between dyadic satisfaction, attitudes toward infidelity, and problematic internet usage, with IR behaviors on social media sites among GL and heterosexual unmarried individuals in Romanian sexual minority communities. Results showed that GL respondents did not significantly differ from heterosexual participants regarding IR behaviors. Furthermore, we found the main effect of attitudes toward infidelity and problematic internet use on IR behaviors. Sexual orientation highlights the main effect of IR behaviors when analyzed with dyadic satisfaction. The current study may be a precursor to further research investigating correlations in online IR behavior among lesbian and gay individuals engaging in consensual nonmonogamy. Implications of the findings are discussed in the social context of a post-communist country where GL individuals may face discrimination and stigma because of their sexual orientation.},
  author = {Șerban, Ionela and Salvati, Marco and Enea, Violeta},
  doi = {10.3390/ijerph192315659},
  issn = {16604601},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 23,
  pages = {1-15},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Sexual Orientation and Infidelity-Related Behaviors on Social Media Sites},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315659},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{lundasen2022nordic,
  abstract = {The Nordic countries have been labeled exceptions with very high shares of the population who agree that most people can be trusted. However, data suggest that the Nordic countries, to a varying degree, are facing challenges that may have decreased the levels of trust in most people. The Nordic countries have experienced increasing levels of income inequality, coinciding with high rates of south-to-north migration flows in the form of labor migrants and refugees. This chapter describes the development of social trust in the Nordic countries using data from the European Values Study. Contrary to theoretical expectations for the detrimental impact of increasing levels of diversity and income inequality, the levels of social trust increased in the Nordic countries during the investigated time period. Likely explanations for this development are the increasing shares of the population with high levels of education and well-functioning government institutions.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Lundåsen, Susanne Wallman},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13670},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {420-433},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; Joint EVS/WVS2017–2021},
  title = {The Nordic Exceptionalism Revisited},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{mangeloja2022entrepreneurial,
  abstract = {Interpersonal trust and people’s trust in institutions are important components of social capital, which has been shown to have not only innate social value but also diverse direct and indirect positive social and economic impacts. Using data for an economically and globally diverse group of countries, we examine empirically how changes in interpersonal trust and trust in institutions affect entrepreneurship over time. Our findings suggest that (1) enhancing either type of trust leads to more entrepreneurial activity and (2) an increase in interpersonal trust causes a structural change in the composition of the TEA-type entrepreneurship. Increased trust reduces the share of relatively lower value-added necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity and increases the share of higher value-added improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity (Schumpeterian entrepreneurship).},
  author = {Mangeloja, Esa and Ovaska, Tomi and Takashima, Ryo},
  doi = {10.1007/s10843-022-00315-0},
  issn = {15737349},
  journal = {Journal of International Entrepreneurship},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {564–590},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Entrepreneurial choices depend on trust: Some global evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-022-00315-0},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{linek2022there,
  abstract = {Academic literature provides mixed evidence for the decline in the support for democracy within society. In addition to that, literature points to the long-term effects of political socialization under autocratic regimes for the democratic values. Therefore, we use data from pooled EEVS and WVS from 1995 to 2017 for seven Central European countries, to investigate the level of support for democracy and authoritarian alternatives like army rule or strong leader who does not have to bother with parliament. In addition to that, we analyze whether the level of support for democracy is generationally conditioned.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Linek, Lukáš and Vomáčka, Aleš},
  booktitle = {Behind the Illiberal Turn: Values in Central Europe},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004514041},
  editor = {Hajdinjak, Sanja and Chromková Manea, Beatrice and Chytílek, Roman},
  isbn = {9789004514041},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {74-91},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Are There Generational Differences in the Support for Democracy in Central European Countries?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004514041_005},
  year = 2022
}

@article{palmisano2021modernizzazione,
  abstract = {The intention of this study based on analysis of the series of European Value Study (1990, 1999, 2009 and 2018) is to investigate, using a comparative, diachronic approach, the relationship between modernization and the gender gap in religiosity in Italy. In line with the theoretical perspective which valorizes the role of culture in explaining this relationship, our hypothesis is that the most modernized areas demonstrate a more contained gender gap. We expect that differences of religiosity between men and women are more contained in the country’s north-central zones – characterized by higher levels of modernization – compared with the south. Furthermore, since the distance between the levels of modernization in the two areas has not increased noticeably over the last three decades, we could be forgiven for expecting that the difference between them in the religious field would not reveal important changes. To our surprise, the findings of the analyses offer but limited support to our hypothesis.},
  author = {Palmisano, Stefania and Todesco, Lorenzo},
  doi = {10.4000/qds.4795},
  journal = {Quaderni di Sociologia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 45,
  pages = {161-186},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Modernizzazione e differenze di genere nella religiosità: il caso italiano},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.4795},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2021
}

@article{benabou2022forbidden,
  abstract = {We study the co-evolution of religion, science, and politics. We first uncover, in international and U.S. data, a robust negative relationship between religiosity and patents per capita. The model then combines: (1) scientific discoveries that raise productivity but sometimes erode religious beliefs; (2) a government that allows innovations to diffuse, or blocks them; (3) religious institutions that can invest in doctrinal reform. Three long-term outcomes emerge. The “Western-European Secularization” regime has declining religiosity, unimpeded science, and high taxes and transfers. The “Theocratic” regime involves knowledge stagnation, unquestioned dogma, and high religious-public-goods spending. The “American” regime combines scientific progress and stable religiosity through doctrinal adaptations, with low taxes and some fiscal-legal advantages for religious activities. Rising income inequality can, however, empower a Religious-Right alliance that starts blocking belief-eroding ideas.},
  author = {Bénabou, Roland and Ticchi, Davide and Vindigni, Andrea},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1093/restud/rdab069},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {00346527},
  journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1785-1832},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Forbidden Fruits: The Political Economy of Science, Religion, and Growth},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdab069},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2022
}

@article{matancevic2013dometi,
  abstract = {U radu se daje prikaz glavnih nalaza istraživanja CIVICUS-ovog Indeksa civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj, koje se provodilo od 2008. do 2010. godine, a koje čini dio međunarodnog, komparativnog istraživačkog projekta. Riječ je o trećem istraživačkom valu, nakon pilot-faze 2001. te iduće faze od 2003. do 2005. godine. Stanje civilnog društva analizira se preko četiri dimenzije: razina organizacija, vrednote, percipirani utjecaj te okolina, koje su sastavni dio »dijamanta civilnog društva« – najpoznatije komponente ovog istraživačkog projekta. Dobiveni rezultati stavljeni su u dinamički kontekst, usporedbom s rezultatima dva ranija istraživačka vala. Time je omogućeno praćenje određenih istraživačkih indikatora i dimenzija civilnog društva u razvojnoj perspektivi. Dimenzija razine organizacija, odnosno infrastrukture civilnog društva, kao i dimenzija okoline u ovom istraživanju dostižu najveće vrijednosti. Dimenzija okoline ujedno pokazuje i najveći rast u promatranom desetogodišnjem razdoblju. Zaključuje se o razvoju civilnog društva, prvenstveno u sljedećim aspektima: sektorskoj suradnji i umrežavanju, novim mogućnostima financiranja, jačanju uloge su-vladara civilnog društva u određenim javnim politikama te značaju organizacija civilnog društva u podmirenju socijalnih potreba u područjima gdje izostaju javne usluge. S druge strane, nestabilno zapošljavanje u organizacijama civilnog društva, često miješanje države u poslove civilnog društva, percepcija raširene korupcije u organizacijama te općenito, niska razina povjerenja u društvu pokazuju se kao trajni razvojni izazovi civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj. Prepoznaju se i višestruki učinci ekonomske krize na civilno društvo, prije svega kroz smanjeno financiranje organizacija i slabljenje ljudskih resursa te pasivizaciju građana, s druge strane.},
  author = {Matančević, Jelena and Bežovan, Gojko},
  doi = {10.3935/rsp.v20i1.1109},
  issn = {13302965},
  journal = {Revija za socijalnu politiku},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {21-40},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Dometi i ključni čimbenici razvoja civilnog društva u Hrvatskoj temeljem tri vala istraživanja},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3935/rsp.v20i1.1109},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{frederiksen2022danish,
  abstract = {In this country study, we ask how special Danish values are in a European context. In 2016, the Danish Ministry of Culture published the so-called Denmark Canon, which contains ten values ‘that have shaped our country’. Based on the EVS studies, we have scrutinized the empirical confirmation of three of the values: gender equality, trust and hygge. In relation to gender equality, Danes are more positive than the European average, but Norway and Sweden have a significantly higher preference for this value. Recent data suggest that interpersonal trust is a special national value in the sense that there is a particularly high prevalence of this value among Danes. However, the level of trust has increased within a relatively short time span, which shows that it is not a deep-rooted Danish phenomenon. Finally, although hygge may be a special Danish (and Norwegian) word, the activities related to hygge appear to be similar in many countries and equally prevalent. Therefore, in spite of the government’s statement, there are no indication that these values are special values in among the Danes compared to other Europeans and we conclude that what is named a special national value depends on which actors construct the values and for what purposes.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Frederiksen, Morten and Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {434-447},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Danish Values: How Special Are They?},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{pickel2022bedeutung,
  abstract = {Eine gegen den Islam und Muslim*innen gerichtete Rhetorik ist zu einem zentralen Markenkern von Europas Rechtspopulist*innen avanciert. Ausgehend von dieser Beobachtung beleuchtet die Studie die Prävalenz und sozialpsychologischen Triebfaktoren antimuslimischer Vorurteile sowie ihre Bedeutung für die Mobilisierungserfolge rechtspopulistischer Parteien. Rechtspopulist*innen konnten von der Existenz und Verbreitung antimuslimischer Vorurteile profitieren, weil sie ihre Rhetorik gegen eine religiöse Minorität richten, die von den Bürger*innen besonders negativ wahrgenommen wird. Die sozialpsychologischen Triebfaktoren antimuslimischer Vorurteile sind dabei vielfältig: Sie entspringen kollektiven Identitäten, ethnozentrisch-rassistischen Weltbildern, ökonomischen Deprivationsgefühlen, aber vor allem realistischen und symbolischen Bedrohungswahrnehmungen. Intergruppenkontakte hingegen haben das Potenzial zu einem Abbau von antimuslimischen Vorurteilen beizutragen. Ablehnende Haltungen gegenüber Muslim*innen variieren zudem stark zwischen den europäischen Gesellschaften und sind besonders in Osteuropa prävalent, wo kaum Muslim*innen leben. Unter den Unterstützer*innen rechtspopulistischer Parteien ist die Ablehnung von Muslim*innen deutlich weiterverbreitet als im Mainstream der Bevölkerung. Dieser Befund ist robust, besteht auch unter Kontrolle alternativer Erklärungsfaktoren, und ist zudem zu einem paneuropäischen Zusammenhang avanciert, der losgelöst von der An- bzw. Abwesenheit von Muslim*innen operieren kann. Rechtspopulist*innen haben jedoch paradoxerweise auch jenen Orten von antimuslimischen Ressentiments profitieren können, an den kaum Muslim*innen leben. Die akzentuierte Prävalenz eines antimuslimischen Gesellschaftsklimas hat gerade in Osteuropa ihren machtpolitischen Aufstieg ermöglicht.},
  author = {Pickel, Gert and Öztürk, Cemal},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13629 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13429},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748931607-303},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7570 v2.1.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7575 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Soziale Welt},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  pages = {303-355},
  study-id = {ISSP2018 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; EB91.4},
  title = {Die Bedeutung antimuslimischer Ressentiments für die Erfolge des Rechtspopulismus in Europa – Konzeptuelle Überlegungen und empirische Befunde},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748931607-303},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2022
}

@article{prutskova2023,
  abstract = {The differences across religions and regions of Europe are growing against the background of secularization processes and the weakening connection between religiosity and fertility. This causes interest in the factors responsible for the strengthening or weakening of the connection between religiosity and fertility. Based on data from three waves of the European Values Study (1999, 2008, 2018) in 39 countries, this study analyzes the role of the social context and religious socialization in explaining the specifics of the relationship between religiosity and childbearing for Russia and other post-Soviet countries with the dominance of the Orthodox population in comparison with other regions of Europe. The results of a multilevel regression analysis show that the level of primary religious socialization (regular attendance at religious services at the age of 12 years old) and a supportive religious context (the average level of religiosity in the country) increase the connection between individual religiosity and the number of children. This explains the weak relationship between religiosity and fertility in post-Soviet countries with the dominance of the Orthodox population. Western European countries, which today are considered the center of secularization processes, still have significant “foci” of the institutional influence of religion on fertility, associated with family and educational institutions. Eastern European and post-Soviet countries, despite the observed process of the “religious revival” in the 1990s and 2000s, did not form developed institutions of religious socialization responsible for family lifestyle. This is reflected in demographic models of connection between religiosity and fertility.},
  author = {Prutskova, E. V. and Pavlyutkin, I. V. and Borisova, O. N.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.14515/monitoring.2023.2.2359},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {103-126},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Связь религиозности и рождаемости в России на фоне других европейских стран: эффект социального контекста},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2023.2.2359},
  volume = 174,
  year = 2023
}

@article{rudkouski2023there,
  abstract = {2020 saw an unprecedented pro-democracy mobilization in Belarus. Indeed, protest actions against the grossly falsified presidential election and the authoritarian rule of Aliaksandr Lukashenka were impressive in many respects: number of participants, durability, frequency, and diversity. However, that year was also remarkable for mobilization of supporters of Lukashenka’s authoritarian rule: car rallies, pickets, and small-group marches in support of the incumbent lasted for months. Though far from being ubiquitous, a demand for autocracy does exist in Belarusian society. It can be explained by four factors: a tendency towards an economic trade-off, axiological Euroscepticism, the activity of pro-autocracy intellectuals, and the global decline in democracy.},
  author = {Rudkouski, Piotr},
  doi = {10.30965/20526512-12350019},
  journal = {Journal of Belarusian Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {35–62},
  study = {WVS/EVS},
  title = {Is There a Demand for Autocracy in Belarusian Society?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.30965/20526512-12350019},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2023
}

@article{begall2023multidimensional,
  abstract = {In this paper, we use the “gender as a social structure” framework to assess macro-, interactional-, and micro-level mechanisms explaining the stalled revolution in gender ideologies. Using the European Values Study 2008 data and latent class analysis, we look at the spread of gender ideologies and examine their association with national levels of gendered ascription of work and care roles, work–family compatibility, social inequality and societal affluence, individual characteristics, and cross-level interactions with gender and education in 36 (post-)industrialized countries. By including a large number of Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern European countries, we provide a new and comprehensive picture of the gender ideology landscapes of Europe, reflected in two unidimensional classes—egalitarian and traditional—and four multidimensional classes, covering more than 60 percent of respondents—family oriented, choice egalitarian, intensive motherhood, and neotraditional. By modeling key features of macro-level variation, we show how the spread of gender ideologies is associated with distinct contextual conditions. We consolidate previous findings on multidimensional gender ideologies, which were based on fewer countries.},
  author = {Begall, Katia and Grunow, Daniela and Buchler, Sandra},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1177/08912432231155914},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {08912432},
  journal = {Gender & Society},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-31},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Multidimensional Gender Ideologies Across Europe: Evidence From 36 Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08912432231155914},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{berlemann2022natural,
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Berlemann, Michael and Eurich, Marina},
  booktitle = {Handbook on the Economics of Disasters},
  doi = {10.4337/9781839103735.00021},
  editor = {Skidmore, Mark},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  isbn = {9781839103735},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {230-251},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2020},
  title = {Natural disasters and self-reported well-being: a review of the literature},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839103735.00021},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{kanol2022nationalism,
  abstract = {Historical events which have major implications for a country can, without a doubt, influence party politics. According to historical institutionalism, such critical junctures, which create new cleavages or destroy or reform existing ones, generate new trajectories for the politics of a country. Politics then follows new norms and practices for a considerable time – so-called path dependency – until new critical junctures redefine politics.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Kanol, Direnç and Pirishis, George},
  booktitle = {Party Politics in European Microstates},
  doi = {10.4324/9781315206776},
  editor = {Bértoa, Fernando Casal and Dumont, Patrick},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {163-177},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Nationalism Clientelism and Anti-politics: Party Politics in the Republic of Cyprus},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315206776},
  year = 2022
}

@article{kenny2023environmentalism,
  abstract = {Environmental issues are an important aspect of party competition and voters’ political preferences. Yet political behaviour research often considers environmental attitudes as a component of a broader ‘second-dimension’ and either subsumes it into this or omits it. Using data from the fifth wave of the European Values Study, we demonstrate through factor analysis that environmentalism loads as a separate dimension across Western Europe, that environmentalism has somewhat different social predictors and that it has important associations with party preference that differ from those of other second dimension issues. Our findings have crucial implications. Firstly, not accounting for environmentalism in studies of political behaviour misses an important part of the picture. Secondly, subsuming environmentalism into a broader ‘cultural’ dimension may lead to incomplete conclusions about both social predictors and the electoral consequences of political attitudes and values. Thus, allowing for a separate environmental dimension opens up novel perspectives on political representation in Western democracies.},
  author = {Kenny, John and Langsæther, Peter Egge},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12549},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {03044130},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1031-1053},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Environmentalism as an independent dimension of political preferences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12549},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2023
}

@article{munkacsy2022felkszlte,
  abstract = {A cikk célja a magyar közoktatás alkalmazkodási képességének bemutatása nemzetközi összehasonlításban. Egyfelől röviden összefoglalja a politika, a társadalom, és a gazdaság alrendszerének szerkezetét átalakító globális folyamatok legfontosabb, a közoktatást érintő következményeit. Másfelől, nemzetközi mutatókkal illusztrálva bemutatja, hogy más – hasonló intézményi gyökerekkel rendelkező – országokhoz képest a jelenlegi magyar rendszer mennyire képes megfelelni az ebből adódó kihívásoknak. Ennek alapján Magyarország az oktatást érintő kihívások mindhárom nagy területén a sérülékenyebb és az alkalmazkodásra kevésbé felkészült országok közé tartozik a régióban. Ez az elmaradás nem csak az új generációk munkalehetőségeit és életminőségét fogja erősen behatárolni, hanem a magyar társadalom és gazdaság egészének fejlődését is fékezni fogja.  Az országok közötti eltérések változatos mintázata ugyanakkor azt is mutatja, hogy még a szovjet-típusú iskola súlyos örökségével terhelt rendszerekben is lehetséges érdemi javulást elérni.},
  author = {Munkácsy, Balázs and Scharle, Ágota},
  doi = {10.14232/ISKKULT.2022.4.31},
  journal = {Iskolakultúra},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {31-47},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Felkészült-e a magyar közoktatás a következő évtized gazdasági és társadalmi kihívásaira?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14232/ISKKULT.2022.4.31},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2022
}

@article{bettarelli2022determinants,
  abstract = {This article investigates the determinants of FDI at sub-national level. It recognizes that MNEs? foreign activities are organized in networks of strongly interconnected, but geographically dispersed affiliates. This implies a different approach to the analysis of the determinants of FDI, which should focus on contextual factors able to stimulate economic relations at distance. Methodologically, we use a gravity-type model and different regression techniques with a new dataset on networks of FDI involving German and Italian regions. We find evidence that technologically proximate regions sharing the same industry profile are more likely to experience positive and large networks driven by MNEs, with weaker evidence related to cultural and institutional proximities, which cannot compensate the negative impact of geographic distance. The distinctive contribution of this paper is to emphasize that local policies to attract FDI are more likely to succeed if addressed to similar regions.},
  author = {Bettarelli, Luca and Resmini, Laura},
  doi = {10.1080/00036846.2022.2041184},
  issn = {00036846},
  journal = {Applied Economics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 45,
  pages = {5257-5272},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {The determinants of FDI: a new network-based approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2041184},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2022
}

@article{palmisano2021modernizzazione,
  abstract = {Questo studio intende fare luce sulla relazione tra modernizzazione e differenze di genere nella religiosità. Le analisi, caratterizzate da un approccio comparato e diacronico, sono basate sul caso italiano a partire da diverse edizioni dell’indagine European Values Study. La prospettiva teorica scelta valorizza il ruolo della cultura nella spiegazione dei diversi comportamenti maschili e femminili in ambito religioso: ci si aspetta che nel centro-nord del paese, in cui si registrano maggiori livelli di modernizzazione rispetto al mezzogiorno, le differenze tra i sessi siano più contenute. Inoltre, poiché nell’ultimo trentennio la distanza tra le aree nei livelli di modernizzazione non è cresciuta in modo netto, ci si attende che il gap tra queste in termini di differenze di genere in campo religioso non faccia registrare cambiamenti rilevanti. I risultati delle analisi offrono solo un limitato sostegno all’ipotesi di partenza. L’intensità delle differenze di genere, non cambia in modo sostanziale tra centro-nord e mezzogiorno per tre delle quattro dimensioni della religiosità qui analizzate. Coerentemente con le aspettative, il gap tra le aree in termini di differenze di genere nella religiosità si conferma generalmente costante nel corso del tempo. Questi risultati vengono analizzati criticamente alla luce della letteratura disponibile.},
  author = {Palmisano, Stefania and Todesco, Lorenzo},
  journal = {Quaderni di sociologia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {1-23},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Modernizzazione e differenze di genere nella religiosità: un approccio comparato e diacronico al caso italiano},
  url = {https://journals.openedition.org/qds/4795},
  year = 2021
}

@article{hajdinjak2022populism,
  abstract = {The present article examines how voters’ support for populist parties and the degree of political power wielded by populist parties influence political trust in Central Europe. In countries where a populist party has undivided power, populist supporters are, when compared to supporters of other parties, more likely to trust political institutions. These differences result from ideological congruence as well as favourable assessments of how democratically a country is governed. Where populists do not control the government, only populist parties' supporters who have very favourable assessments of democratic governance in their own country are more likely to trust political institutions compared with supporters of other parties.},
  author = {Hajdinjak, Sanja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/21599165.2022.2052049},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {21599165},
  journal = {East European Politics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-27},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Populism as a political trust booster? Populist support and degrees of political power in Central Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2022.2052049},
  year = 2022
}

@article{supule2022value,
  abstract = {In this article, values are explored through the lens of differences and similarities in values and attitudes of the two major ethnolinguistic communities in Latvia. The paper examines the existence of a set of core values that is shared by (or at least equally widespread among) the Latvian and Russian-speaking communities in Latvia, as well as other values and attitudes that are still rooted primarily in people’s ethnic and/or linguistic self-identification. The value model used in the study is based on the model of Shalom Schwartz’s value theory (Schwartz 2012). The analysis is based on data from the European Social Survey (2019) and European Values Survey (2021). The data analysis has been performed within the project “Value (trans)formation in uncertain times: social cohesion and neoliberal ethos in Latvia” (Nr. lzp-2020/2-0068).},
  author = {Šūpule, Inese},
  doi = {10.22364/rfr.33},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {127-147},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Value Consensus and Discrepancy Among the Major Ethnolinguistic Communities in Latvia: Survey Data Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22364/rfr.33},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2022
}

@article{bodor2022embertrsakba,
  abstract = {A tanulmány az embertársakba vetett bizalom, vagyis a legtágabban értelmezhető személyközi bizalom mérésére kifejlesztett kérdőíves eszközöket tekinti át, különböző adatbázisok mentén, s hosszabb időspektrumra vonatkozóan. A legnevesebb nemzetközi összehasonlító vizsgálatok többféle mérési megközelítést alkalmaznak az ismeretlen mások felé érzett bizalom megragadására. Ezek a közös elméleti háttér egy-egy sarkalatos dimenziójára támaszkodnak. Az alkalmazott kérdőíves eszközök ma már mind bevett, hagyományos módszereknek tekinthetők a szakirodalomban. Mindez lehetővé teszi, hogy az adatbázisok vonatkozó eredményeit összevessük, s az eszközök „működését” átfogóbban lássuk. A tanulmány különös figyelemmel Magyarországra végzi el ezt az áttekintést, hogy így a kérdőíves technikák tükrében képet alkothasson az embertársakba vetett bizalom hazai sajátosságairól.},
  author = {Bodor, Ákos and Hegedűs, Márk and Grünhut, Zoltán},
  doi = {10.32564/126.3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3190 ; ZA3950 ; ZA4850 ; ZA4950 ; ZA6670 ; ZA6980 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {replika},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {33-50},
  study-id = {ISSP1998 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2014 ; ISSP2017 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Az embertársakba vetett bizalom Magyarországon a hagyományos kérdőíves eszközök alapján},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32564/126.3},
  volume = 126,
  year = 2022
}

@article{wachs2022geography,
  abstract = {Open Source Software (OSS) plays an important role in the digital economy. Yet although software production is amenable to remote collaboration and its outputs are digital, software development seems to cluster geographically in places like Silicon Valley, London, or Berlin. And while OSS activity creates positive externalities which accrue locally through knowledge spillovers and information effects, up-to-date data on the geographic distribution of open source developers is limited. This presents a significant blindspot for policymakers, who often promote OSS at the national level as a cost-saving tool for public sector institutions. We address this gap by geolocating more than half a million active contributors to GitHub in early 2021 at various spatial scales. Compared to results from 2010, we find a significant increase in the share of developers based in Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe, suggesting a more even spread of OSS developers globally. Within countries, however, we find significant concentration in regions, exceeding the concentration of high-tech employment. Social and economic development indicators predict at most half of regional variation in OSS activity in the EU, suggesting that clusters have idiosyncratic roots. We argue for localized policies to support networks of OSS developers in cities and regions.},
  author = {Wachs, Johannes and Nitecki, Mariusz and Schueller, William and Polleres, Axel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121478},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {00401625},
  journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Geography of Open Source Software: Evidence from GitHub},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121478},
  volume = 176,
  year = 2022
}

@article{eriksson2022global,
  abstract = {Strict norms about hygiene may sometimes have health benefits but may also be a burden. Based on research in the United States, it has been suggested that women traditionally shoulder responsibility for hygiene standards and therefore tend to have stricter views on hygiene. However, there is little systematic research on sex differences in hygiene norms at the global scale. We set up two hypotheses: (1) Stricter hygiene norms among women than among men is a global phenomenon. (2) The size of this sex difference varies across nations with the level of sex equality. We examine these hypotheses using data from a recent international survey (N = 17,632). Participants in 56 countries were asked for their views of where it is not appropriate for people to spit and in which situations people should wash their hands. As a measure of sex equality, we use an existing country-level measure of attitudes to equality between the sexes, available for 49 nations in the study. Stricter hygiene norms among women than among men are observed almost everywhere, but there are a few exceptions (most notably Nigeria and Saudi Arabia). The size of the sex difference in hygiene norms varies strongly with the level of sex equality, but in a non-linear way. The sex difference is most pronounced in moderately egalitarian countries with the highest recorded difference being in Chile. In more egalitarian parts of the world, more sex equality is associated with a smaller sex difference in hygiene norms. In the less egalitarian parts of the world, the opposite relation holds. We offer an interpretation in terms of what different levels of sex equality mean for the content of sex roles.},
  author = {Eriksson, Kimmo and Dickins, Thomas E. and Strimling, Pontus},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pgph.0000591},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {PLOS Global Public Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Global sex differences in hygiene norms and their relation to sex equality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000591},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2022
}

@inproceedings{caferra2022family,
  abstract = {This paper aims to shed light on the relationship between intergenerational labor mobility and tax morale among European citizens, given the relatively limited evidence on the potential influence of tax compliance behavior on future inequalities. Exploiting data from the European Values Study (2008), we show that the larger the intergenerational mobility, i.e. better economic conditions of sons respect to their parents, the larger the willingness to pay taxes. In this vein, the subjective tax payment may be meant as an investment which could be rewarded with a more mobile society. This linkage is stronger and significant in countries where there is a commitment of the Government in guaranteeing more opportunities to citizens regardless of their familiar starting conditions (more defamiliarized countries). We further show that the intergenerational mobility significantly shapes the attitude towards tax payment only among individuals who claim for independence from their family context (i.e., those showing less family ties). We have checked the robustness of the results by considering different estimation strategies, including an instrumental-variables methodology. This evidence remarks the importance to foster intergenerational mobility to build a more tax-compliant society.},
  address = {Bari},
  author = {Caferra, Rocco and Cascavilla, Alessandro and Morone, Andrea},
  booktitle = {XXXIII Annual Conference of the Italian Society of Public Economics: “The pandemic’s effects and scenarios for the economy and public finance”},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4309874},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-29},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Family Affairs or Government's Duty? The Tax Morality of a Mobile Society},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4309874},
  year = 2022
}

@article{boring2023turning,
  abstract = {We study the impact of lockdown measures on beliefs about gender roles. We collect data from a representative sample of 1,000 individuals in France during the first COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. To measure beliefs about gender roles, we use questions from the 2018 wave of the European Values Study, and match respondents from the two surveys to compare beliefs before and during lockdown. We find evidence that the lockdown period was associated with a shift towards more traditional beliefs about gender roles. The effects are concentrated among men from the most time-constrained households and from households where bargaining with a partner over sharing responsibility for household production was likely to be an issue. Finally, we find correlational evidence that beliefs in equal gender roles increase with household income. Overall, our results suggest that men are more likely to hold egalitarian beliefs about gender roles when these beliefs are not costly for them.},
  author = {Boring, Anne and Moroni, Gloria},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102363},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {09275371},
  journal = {Labour Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-52},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Turning back the clock: Beliefs about gender roles during lockdown},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102363},
  volume = 84,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{brechon2021religious,
  abstract = {Evolution de la sécularisation en Europe d'après les données de la European Values Study (EVS). Les didfférentes dimensions de la religiosité sont passées en revue. Toutes sont à la baisse en Europe de l'Ouest (mais se maintiennent à l'Est), sauf les croyances à un futur extra-mondain, surtout chez les jeunes, ce qui est typique de recompositions psycho-religieuses.},
  address = {Taïpei},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {36th SISR/ISSR Conference Religion in Global/Local Perspective: Diffusion, Migration, Transformation},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-9},
  publisher = {International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR)},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religious indifference and atheism: Developments over time and national differences in Europe},
  url = {https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03355940},
  year = 2021
}

@article{laliotis2022religion,
  abstract = {This paper investigates how social interactions, as shaped by religious denomination, are related to COVID-19 incidence and associated mortality in Western Germany. We observe that the number of infections and deaths during the early pandemic phase were much higher in predominantly Catholic counties with arguably stronger family and social ties. The relationship was confirmed at the county level through numerous robustness checks, and after controlling for a series of characteristics and county fixed effects. At the individual level, we confirmed that Catholics, relative to non-Catholics, have tighter and more frequent interactions with their family and friends. Moreover, the intensity of social interaction was able to partially explain the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and share of Catholics at the county level. Our results highlight the number of dimensions that have to be taken into account when designing and implementing mitigation measures in the early stages of disease outbreaks.},
  author = {Laliotis, Ioannis and Minos, Dimitrios},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13091 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103992},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7501 v1.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {00142921},
  journal = {European Economic Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religion, social interactions, and COVID-19 incidence in Western Germany},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103992},
  volume = 141,
  year = 2022
}

@article{hryniewicz2022rzdzenia,
  abstract = {The goals of the study are to: 1. examine the impact of the quality of public service management on the mental state and attitudes towards the market and democracy in the Visegrád Group countries compared to Northwest Europe; 2. identify different mechanisms connecting the quality of governance with the mental state and attitudes towards the market and democracy in both groups of countries and their interpretations in terms of the neo-institutional theory. The quality of governance has been assessed based on the respondents’ opinions about the provision of public services. Low evaluation of the quality of public services and the belief in privileges and corruption in their distribution coexist with a poorer mental state, antimarket attitudes, less trust in democratic institutions and dissatisfaction with democracy. Differences: 1. Institutional exclusivity is relatively greater in the Visegrád Group. Contesting attitudes towards the market and democracy are in a relatively higher degree a consequence of the low quality of services and low incomes. 2. In these countries, public services relatively weakly compensate for income inequalities. 3. In Northwest Europe, contesting attitudes towards democratic and market institutions are the consequence of privileges and corruption in the distribution of services. 4. In the Visegrád Group countries, privileges and corruption are greater, but less frustrating. Institutional exclusiveness is slightly more accepted in the Visegrád Group countries than in Northwest Europe. This state of affairs is the consequence of equipping public administration with resources and cultural patterns. If the administrative resources were the same in all the compared countries, the level of exclusivity would be relatively higher in the Visegrád countries for cultural reasons.},
  author = {Hryniewicz, Janusz T.},
  doi = {10.35757/STP.2022.50.2.03},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  journal = {Studia Polityczne},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {67-92},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Jakość rządzenia, stan psychiczny i postawy wobec rynku i demokracji w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej na tle Europy Północno-Zachodniej},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.35757/STP.2022.50.2.03},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2022
}

@article{larsson2022societal,
  abstract = {That civil society activism can strengthen accountability and limit government corruption is theoretically compelling and popular in policy circles. Whether civic engagement can limit grand corruption, and if so in what types of settings, remains an open question. This paper presents the first large-N study of societal accountability with respect to grand corruption. Using objective indicators of procurement corruption from 173 EU regions, the study finds that civil society strength is associated with lower levels of corruption but that the association is not monotonic. Civil society strength seems to constrain procurement corruption where accountability conditions are the least favorable. Where accountability conditions are well-functioning, we find no evidence that societal accountability constrains corruption. The findings help to adjudicate between competing expectations from research on horizontal and societal accountability. Moreover, they confirm that societal accountability can complement horizontal accountability where institutional conditions function sub-optimally, even limiting grand corruption.},
  author = {Larsson, Fredrik and Grimes, Marcia},
  doi = {10.1177/00323217211067134},
  issn = {00323217},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1321-1346},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Societal Accountability and Grand Corruption: How Institutions Shape Citizens’ Efforts to Shape Institutions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217211067134},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{supule2022atbalsts,
  abstract = {Sociālā nevienlīdzība un nedrošība, šķelšanās, ko veicinājusi valdības politika un noteiktie ierobežojumi Covid-19 pandēmijas mazināšanai, politiskā populisma pieaugums, kā arī Krievijas uzsāktais karš pret Ukrainu aktualizē jautājumu par sabiedrības atbalsta demokrātiskai politiskajai sistēmai stabilitāti mūsu reģionā. Pētnieki citās valstīs norāda uz pieaugošā populisma izpausmēm dažādās zemēs (Berman 2021; Hawkins & Rovira Kaltwasser; 2018; Norris & Inglehart 2019). Pētījumi parāda, ka nedrošos apstākļos dzīvojošie cilvēki izjūt lielāku vajadzību pēc grupu solidaritātes un spēcīgiem līderiem. Viņiem ir zemāka tolerance pret citādo un atvērtība pārmaiņām, dažādībai un jaunām idejām. Lai gan pēc Otrā pasaules kara sasniegtā labklājība un drošība Rietumvalstīs ir radījusi pārmaiņas kultūrā (Inglehart 1990, 1997; Inglehart & Baker 2000; Kafka & Kostis 2021), pēdējās desmitgadēs darba drošības un sociālās stabilitātes mazināšanās un pieaugošā nevienlīdzība ir izraisījusi autoritāru pretreakciju, palielinot sabiedrības daļas atbalstu spēcīgam līderim, un ksenofobiju. Kāds ir Latvijas iedzīvotāju atbalsts demokrātiskai politiskajai sistēmai, kā arī atbalsts politiskajai sistēmai, kur valsti pārvalda stiprs līderis, kam nav jārēķinās ar parlamentu un vēlēšanām, salīdzinājumā ar citām valstīm? Tie ir šī raksta pētnieciskie jautājumi. Lai atbildētu uz šiem pētnieciskajiem jautājumiem, rakstā padziļināti analizēti aptaujas dati. Analīzē ir izmantoti Eiropas Vērtību pētījuma (European Values Study, EVS) 5. posma dati, kas iegūti 2021. gada vasarā un rudenī. Tie ļauj salīdzināt Latvijas iedzīvotāju attieksmes pēdējo 20 gadu laikā, jo analīzē izmantotas arī iepriekšējo EVS aptauju dati Latvijā 1999. un 2008. gadā. Salīdzinošā perspektīva izmantota ne tikai laika, bet arī ģeogrāfijas aspektā, jo aptauju dati Latvijā ir salīdzināti ar iedzīvotāju viedokļiem dažādās Eiropas valstīs: Polijā, Lielbritānijā, Norvēģijā, kā arī Lietuvā un Igaunijā.},
  address = {Rīga},
  author = {Šūpule, Inese},
  booktitle = {Kultūra un cilvēksituācija mūsdienu humānisma krīžu kontekstā. LU 80. starptautiskās konferences rakstu un tēžu krājums},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  editor = {Krūmiņa-Koņkova, Solveiga and Koroļeva, Ilze and der Steina, Aija Van},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {54-60},
  publisher = {LU Filozofijas un socioloģijas institūts},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Atbalsts demokrātijai un ilgas pēc spēcīga līdera: Latvijas iedzīvotāju viedokļi salīdzinājumā ar citām valstīm},
  url = {https://dspace.lu.lv/dspace/bitstream/handle/7/61387/kultura_un_cilveksituacija_fsi_rakstu_krajums_dec.pdf?sequence=1#page=54},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{colantone2022backlash,
  abstract = {We review the literature on the globalization backlash, seen as the political shift of voters and parties in a protectionist and isolationist direction, with substantive implications on governments’ leaning and enacted policies. Using newly assembled data for 23 advanced democracies, we document a protectionist and isolationist shift in electorates, legislatures, and executives from the mid-1990s onwards. This is associated with a noticeable protectionist shift in trade policy –although with some notable nuances– especially since the financial crisis of 2008. We discuss the economics of the backlash. From a theoretical perspective, we highlight how the backlash may arise within standard trade models when taking into account the ‘social footprint’ of globalization. Then, we review the empirical literature on the drivers of the backlash. Two main messages emerge from our analysis: (1) globalization is a significant driver of the backlash, by means of the distributional consequences entailed by rising trade exposure; yet (2) the backlash is only partly determined by trade. Technological change, crisis-driven fiscal austerity, immigration, and cultural concerns are found to play an important role in creating politically consequential cleavages. Looking ahead, we discuss possible future developments, with specific focus on the issue of social mobility.},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Colantone, Italo and Ottaviano, Gianmarco and Stanig, Piero},
  booktitle = {International Trade},
  doi = {10.1016/bs.hesint.2022.02.007},
  editor = {Gopinath, Gita and Helpman, Elhanan and Rogoff, Kenneth},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {405-478},
  publisher = {North Holland},
  series = {Handbook of International Economics},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The backlash of globalization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.hesint.2022.02.007},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2022
}

@article{vanrossem2022victims,
  abstract = {Right-wing populist (RWP) parties and attitudes are flourishing in many European countries. This is often linked to the emergence of a new cleavage that juxtaposes the victims and beneficiaries of globalisation. Using data from the 2008 European Values Study (EVS) this paper investigates how globalisation affects both (1) the overall level of RWP attitudes in 27 EU countries, and (2) the attitudinal gap between victims and beneficiaries of globalisation. The results show (1) a clear and consistent effect of social position on RWP attitudes in all countries, (2) effect of globalisation on both overall levels of RWP attitudes, as well as (3) on the attitudinal gap between victims and beneficiaries. However, the determinants of the overall level and of the gap differ, and this explains the observed regional differences in Europe regarding the distribution of RWP attitudes.},
  author = {Van Rossem, Ronan and Roose, Henk},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/23254823.2022.2121299},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {23254823},
  journal = {European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {353-378},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The victims strike back: Globalisation and right-wing populist attitudes in the EU. Evidence from the 2008 European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23254823.2022.2121299},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2023
}

@article{jezovita2021mogunosti,
  abstract = {Na području društvenih znanosti danas postoji niz stručnih, akademskih i istraživačkih aktivnosti čija je svrha otkrivanje obrazaca ponašanja i stavova različitih društvenih aktera ili skupina. Te aktivnosti dolaze u obliku niza stručnih ili znanstvenih projekata i pritom okupljaju članove mnogih akademskih, stručnih ili administrativnih tijela i institucija. Svrha je tih istraživačkih projekata dobivanje spoznaja o cijelom nizu društvenih tema čiji fokus ovisi o istraživačkoj tradiciji tih projekata, ali i o aktualnom društvenom kontekstu u kojem se oni provode. Neka od danas najpoznatijih istraživanja koja proizlaze iz tih projekata su: European Values Study (dalje EVS), World Values Survey (dalje WVS), International Social Survey Programme (dalje ISSP), Eurobarometer (dalje EB), Candidate Countries Eurobarometer (dalje CCEB), European Social Survey (dalje ESS), European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) itd. Ne treba naglašavati da se temeljem tih istraživanja dobiva bogatstvo informacija i podataka za različite osvrte, akcijske planove, analize, ali i daljnja istraživanja o društvenim temama. Neka od njih datiraju još iz osamdesetih godina 20. stoljeća, a povezuje ih periodičnost provođenja i njihov međunarodni karakter. Drugim riječima, ta su istraživanja okarakterizirana prostornom i vremenskom dinamikom, a to za posljedicu ima akumulaciju znanja i stvaranje bogatih istraživačkih tradicija. Također, zahvaljujući opisanoj dinamici, mogu se provoditi komparativne analize i donositi znanstveni zaključci o razlikama i sličnostima između mnogih zemalja u različitim razdobljima.},
  author = {Ježovita, Josip},
  journal = {Revija za sociologiju},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {495-506},
  title = {Mogućnosti, potencijali i problemi u procesu standardiziranja različitih istraživanja. Primjer dovođenja u odnos EVS-a i ESS-a},
  url = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/rzs/article/view/20192},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2021
}

@article{mauro2023decentralization,
  abstract = {This paper aims to show how a region's constant level of social capital may have a very different impact on its economic growth depending on whether the central or the local level of government is responsible for regional policy. Our case study is the economic performance of Northern and Southern Italy in the post-World War II period, when a long phase of regional convergence came to a sudden halt in the early 1970s. We focus on the economic effects of the 1970s institutional reforms on government decentralization and wage bargaining. Our main hypothesis is that decentralization allocates the provision of public capital to institutions, the local ones, more exposed to a territory's social capital. Since social capital is lower in the Southern regions, decentralization made their developmental policies less effective from 1970 onwards, and regional inequality increased. We build an endogenous growth model augmented to include the interaction between social capital and public investment as well as the reform of the Italian labour market. We calibrate our model using data of the Italian regions for 1951–71. Our quantitative results indicate that decentralization triggered the influence of local social capital on growth and played a central role in halting the convergence path of the low-social-capital regions.},
  author = {Mauro, Luciano and Pigliaru, Francesco and Carmeci, Gaetano},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102363},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {01762680},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Decentralization, social capital, and regional growth: The case of the Italian North-South divide},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102363},
  volume = 78,
  year = 2023
}

@article{farkas2022perceived,
  abstract = {An association between early life adversity and a range of coordinated behavioural responses that favour reproduction at the cost of a degraded health is often reported in humans. Recent theoretical works have proposed that perceived control—i.e., people’s belief that they are in control of external events that affect their lives—and time orientation—i.e., their tendency to live on a day-to-day basis or to plan for the future—are two closely related psychological traits mediating the associations between early life adversity, reproductive behaviours and health status. However, the empirical validity of this hypothesis remains to be demonstrated. In the present study, we examine the role of perceived control and time orientation in mediating the effects of early life adversity on a trade-off between reproductive traits (age at 1st childbirth, number of children) and health status by applying a cross-validated structural equation model frame on two large public survey datasets, the European Values Study (EVS, final N = 43,084) and the European Social Survey (ESS, final N = 31,065). Our results show that early life adversity, perceived control and time orientation are all associated with a trade-off favouring reproduction over health. However, perceived control and time orientation mediate only a small portion of the effect of early life adversity on the reproduction-health trade-off.},
  author = {Farkas, Bence Csaba and Chambon, Valérian and Jacquet, Pierre O.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1057/s41599-022-01066-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {26629992},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Do perceived control and time orientation mediate the effect of early life adversity on reproductive behaviour and health status? Insights from the European Value Study and the European Social Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01066-y},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{breen2022saints,
  abstract = {This study examines the issue of declining religiosity in Ireland as a gateway for thinking about broad processes of value change. Drawing on the data of the European Values Study, the European Social Survey, and the PERSOCOV study, it authors look at one simple facet of religion in Ireland, viz., the degree to which the adherents of the largest faith grouping, the Catholic church, attend religious services. The examination of religious practice has implications beyond the obvious: degradation or abandonment of communal religious practice on a wholesale basis has implications for society as a whole, believers and unbelievers alike. Drawing on the work of Loek Halman in particular, the study references the complex links between religious participation and value change. The study documents the decline of religious practice from 1981 to 2020, including the initial period of COVID-19 pandemic, showing how the resulting social restrictions impacted religious participation in Ireland. During the COVID-19 lockdown almost 90 percent of the population indicated that they participated in religious services less than monthly. Finally, the study looks at the implications for the church in Ireland as religious participation continues to decrease. },
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Breen, Michael J. and Macmillan, Ross},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {150-165},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS1981-2020},
  title = {Saints, Scholars, Sceptics and Secularists: The Changing Faith of Religious Practice in Ireland, 1981-2020},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{sani2022unpacking,
  abstract = {Several studies indicate that societies with higher engagement of women in the public sphere also display lower levels of corruption, suggesting that women play a key role in the fight toward corruption. However, less is known on how individual-level corruption varies between women and men across different institutional contexts, and whether and how certain individual norms affect this relationship. Using the most recent wave of the European Values Study (2017), this chapter applies multilevel models to test whether cultural, political, and institutional factors influence the link between gender and corruption. We argue that women do not naturally reject corruption, but that they are affected by persisting micro-level inequalities in terms of socio-economic background, gender roles, and political and social engagement. Furthermore, we investigate whether the gender gap in attitudes toward corruption is smaller in countries that are a) less corrupt; b) more gender-egalitarian and c) more economically equal.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Sani, Giulia M. Dotti and Guglielmi, Simona},
  booktitle = {Norms, Gender and Corruption: Understanding the Nexus},
  doi = {10.4337/9781802205831.00012},
  editor = {Kubbe, Ina and Merkle, Ortrun},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {78-98},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  series = {Political Science and Public Policy 2022},
  title = {Unpacking the link between gender and injunctive norms on corruption using survey data: a multilevel analysis of 30 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802205831.00012},
  year = 2022
}

@inproceedings{yasuno2013trust,
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Yasuno, Satoko},
  booktitle = {Trust in soсiety, business and organization: Proceedings of the Conference “Business. Society. Human"},
  editor = {Dryakhlov, N. I. and Ishikawa, A. and Kupreychenko, A. B. and Sasaki, M. and Toshchenko, Zh. T. and Shadrikov, V. D.},
  keywords = {2013 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {133-149},
  publisher = {Cogito-Centre–IPRAS Publishing House},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Trust and Social Capital in Japan},
  url = {https://publications.hse.ru/en/books/97789326},
  year = 2013
}

@incollection{luijkx2022european,
  abstract = {During the last four decades, Loek Halman became from a master assistant to Ruud de Moor a driving force of the European Values Study. This chapter is a tribute from the ‘Tilburg team’ that together with the team from the GESIS Data Archive facilitated all the steps from the questionnaire to the available datasets. We present the innovations made in the fifth and last wave with respect to translation, sampling, harmonization of cross-national measurement, and mixed mode and web surveys. Also, the collaborations of EVS with other European and global research infrastructures that will lead us into the future are highlighted.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Luijkx, Ruud and Maineri, Angelica M. and Borghesan, Giovanni},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  doi = {10.26116/09eq-y488},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {68-83},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The data of the European Values Study from 1981 towards 2026: Achievements, synergies, impact and future},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26116/09eq-y488},
  year = 2022
}

@book{2021,
  abstract = {Представленная вниманию читателей монография является результатом многолетних исследований автора, посвященных роли христианских церквей в общественно-политической жизни. По сравнению с предыдущими веками социологам и широкой общественности казалось, что вера уже никогда не будет определять жизнь людей столь сильно, как раньше, а религиозные деятели уже никогда не будут (или не должны) участвовать в политике. Появилась свобода выбора между старыми традиционными религиями и ранее невиданными, завезенными из других частей света. Новые боги и пророки из неожиданно возникающих религиозных движений дополнили эту многообразную палитру религиозных красок. Мир переживает особую религиозную эпоху. Европа находится на грани нового заката. Однако христианство не стало просто культурой, церкви не стали музеями, вера не стала просто «личным делом», «верой в душе», «онлайн-верой». Религия подготовилась к «новому прыжку» в человеческой истории, а трамплином для этого витка стало участие церковных деятелей в политической жизни и в социальном служении.Книга предназначена для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся ролью религии в современном мире, социально-политической позицией христианских церквей в Европе и России, а также государственно-церковными отношениями.В формате PDF A4 сохранен издательский макет.},
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Лункин, Роман},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Нестор-История},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Церкви в политике и политика в церквях. Как современное христианство меняет европейское общество},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{bartkowski2021opinia,
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Bartkowski, Jerzy},
  booktitle = {Wartości w działaniu},
  editor = {Marody, Mirosława},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {49-104},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Spółka z o.o.},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Opinia publiczna a zmiana populistyczna w Polsce},
  year = 2021
}

@article{krammer2022income,
  abstract = {Rising inequality is one of the grand societal challenges of our time. Yet, its effects on firms – including multinational enterprises (MNEs) – and their operations have not been widely examined by IB scholars. In this study, we posit that income inequality within a country is positively associated with the incidence and severity of crime experienced by businesses. Further, we propose that this relationship will be negatively moderated by social cohesion (in the form of greater societal trust and lower ethno-linguistic fractionalization) in these countries, such that social cohesion helps to offset the negative impacts of inequality on crime against businesses. We test these hypotheses using a comprehensive data set of 114,000 firms from 122 countries and find consistent support for our theses. Our findings, which are robust to different alternative variables, model specifications, instrumentation, and estimation techniques, unpack the intricate ways through which inequality affects businesses worldwide and the associated challenges to MNEs. They also offer important managerial and policy insights regarding the consequences of inequality and potential mitigation mechanisms.},
  author = {Krammer, Sorin M. S. and Lashitew, Addisu A. and Doh, Jonathan P.},
  doi = {10.1057/s41267-022-00535-5},
  issn = {14786990},
  journal = {Journal of International Business Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {385–400},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Income inequality, social cohesion, and crime against businesses: Evidence from a global sample of firms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-022-00535-5},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2023
}

@article{pop2023detraditionalization,
  abstract = {In this study, we address the question of whether individuals that live in more detraditionalized countries have higher levels of mental illness and mental health professional care use. We argue that it is meaningful to consider the different facets of detraditionalization, that is the level of secularization, the ethos of personal autonomy, and self-realization, the erosion of traditional gender roles when understanding patterns of mental illness reports and mental health professional care use. We use data collected in 2010 in 25 European countries by Eurobarometer and find that, generally speaking, people living in more detraditionalized countries are more inclined to use mental health professional care, and that they, on average, report less mental illness than people in less detraditionalized countries. Furthermore, not all forms of adversity result in higher levels of mental health professional care use in the more detraditionalized countries. This is the case only for those experiencing financial strain while for those experiencing unemployment or divorce this was not the case. Furthermore, in more detraditionalized countries, the experience of divorce was related to fewer mental illness reports, a result that could be linked to processes such as the erosion of the traditional institution of marriage and the normalization of divorce in these societies.},
  author = {Pop, Ioana and Roosma, Femke and Achterberg, Peter},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13841},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcac077},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v5.0.0 ; ZA5232},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {532–544},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EB73.2},
  title = {Detraditionalization, mental illness reports, and mental health professional care use in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcac077},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2023
}

@article{belchior2023breaking,
  abstract = {It is quite consensual that the younger citizens exhibit higher – although objectively modest – scepticism about democracy and openness to undemocratic forms of government. Despite the ongoing debate about whether a process of deconsolidation is underway in liberal democracies, as well as about the role of young citizens in it, research has so far given little attention to finding out why younger people are more likely to turn away from democracy. Seeking to contribute to filling this gap, we focus on exploring the determinants of young Europeans’ support for democracy and non-democratic forms of government, and the extent to which these determinants differ from that of older citizens. Our claim is that young people's detachment from mainstream politics and political polarization are crucial factors underlying that tendency. The findings generally support our expectations.},
  author = {Belchior, Ana Maria da Conceição and Teixeira, Conceição Pequito},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/13676261.2023.2187693},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {13676261},
  journal = {Journal of Youth Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {961-985},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Breaking with mainstream politics while engaging with polarized: determinants of young Europeans’ support for democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2023.2187693},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{caudell2021evolutionary,
  address = {Thousand Oaks},
  author = {Caudell, Mark A.},
  booktitle = {The Sage Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology},
  chapter = 22,
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.4135/9781529739428},
  editor = {Shackelford, Todd K.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9781526489135},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {SAGE},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Evolutionary Psychology and Climate Change: Understanding the impact of time perspective on carbon emissions across 75 countries},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529739428},
  year = 2021
}

@article{kitschelt2022polarity,
  abstract = {"This article proposes a framework to analyze realignment processes in countries that transition from industrial to knowledge societies. It characterizes the electorate in terms of two traits that are main predictors for attitudes in a two-dimensional policy space of economic and noneconomic issues: income (low vs. high) and education (low vs. high). The framework divides the electorate into four groups?based on the interaction of these two dichotomized traits?and predicts how and when the voting propensities of these four groups change over time. Using a wide variety of data sources, the article tests hypotheses regarding changing voting behavior of education-income groups, as well as cross-national differences across twenty-one rich democracies." Die kumulierten Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 1980 bis 2016 sowie aus dem Jahr 2018 werden in diesem Beitrag als Hauptdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 37. Fassung, Dezember 2022},
  author = {Kitschelt, Herbert P. and Rehm, Philipp},
  availability = {22.12.2022},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13029 ; 10.4232/1.13250 ; 10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314 ; 10.4232/1.10074},
  doi = {10.1177/00323292221100220},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4586 v1.0.0 ; ZA5270 v2.0.0 ; ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA4751 v2.0.0 ; ZA3521 v2.0.1},
  issn = {00323292},
  journal = {Politics & Society},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {520-566},
  study = {CSES},
  study-id = {ALLBUSkum1980-2016 ; ALLBUS2018 ; EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017 ; The Mannheim Eurobarometer Trend File 1970-2002},
  title = {Polarity Reversal: The Socioeconomic Reconfiguration of Partisan Support in Knowledge Societies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00323292221100220},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dejean2022partisan,
  abstract = {The development of online social media has raised concerns about how individuals are over-exposed to partisan news. However, social media are only a part of the daily media diet of an average consumer (Allcott and Gentzkow, 2017; Allen et al., 2020). The aim of this paper is therefore to examine partisan news exposure with respect to the entire media diet. We develop a partisan selective exposure index that indicates the over-representation of partisan political opinions in individual daily news consumption. Our analysis of data from a survey of 4,000 people in France shows that on average, partisan exposure is low when social media are excluded. Our estimations also indicate that social media consumption increases selective exposure to partisan content. While the youngest and the less educated appear to be less exposed to partisan content in the absence of social media, our results suggest that this is no longer the case when social media are included in the news diet. Finally, we show that the more people declare extreme (right- or left-wing) political views, the more they are over-exposed to like-minded content.},
  author = {Dejean, Sylvain and Lumeau, Marianne and Peltier, Stéphanie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1016/j.infoecopol.2022.100992},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {01676245},
  journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-31},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Partisan selective exposure in news consumption},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2022.100992},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{ramos2022childrearing,
  abstract = {Based on two waves of the EVS (1990-93 and 2017-20), this chapter analyses childrearing values and their change/stability throughout the last 30 years in Europe at the level of their hierarchy or preferences, as well as at the way they are organised; and secondly explores the relationships between societal factors (GDP, Social well-being and GINI) and childrearing values priorities. Results show that in both EVS waves studied a bi dimensional structure was found: one oriented towards the endorsement of authoritarian and conservative values and another promoting the development of values oriented to autonomy and cooperation. Regarding the relationship between values salience and social factors, results suggest that economic and social development are positively associated with a preference to teach children according to the values of autonomy and independence and negatively associated with the values of authoritarianism and conservatism. Importantly, regarding the endorsement of values related with autonomy, we found that in richer countries, higher levels of inequalities are associated with a lower endorsement of autonomy values, while in poor countries such association was not found.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Ramos, Alice and Vala, Jorge},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {300-319},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Are Childrearing Values’ Preferences in Europe Associated to Socioeconomic Development and Social Inequalities?},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{brechon2021freiheit,
  abstract = {L'idéal républicain qu'on invoque très souvent est-il profondément enraciné dans les valeurs des français. Le chapitre essaie de répondre à la question dans un ouvrage sur la société française contemporaine à destination des lycéens allemands. pour cela, l'article utilise les données de l'enquête European Values Study. Quelques comparaisons sont faites avec les réponses des Allemands.},
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Länderbericht Frankreich},
  editor = {Defrance, Corine and Pfeif, Ulrich},
  hal_id = {halshs-03353021},
  hal_version = {v1},
  institution = {Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {428-436},
  title = {Freiheit, Gleichheit, Brüderlichkeit? Empirische Befunde zur Bedeutung des republikanischen Ideals},
  url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03353021},
  year = 2021
}

@book{guriev2022dictators,
  abstract = {How a new breed of dictators holds power by manipulating information and faking democracy Hitler, Stalin, and Mao ruled through violence, fear, and ideology. But in recent decades a new breed of media-savvy strongmen has been redesigning authoritarian rule for a more sophisticated, globally connected world. In place of overt, mass repression, rulers such as Vladimir Putin, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Viktor Orbán control their citizens by distorting information and simulating democratic procedures. Like spin doctors in democracies, they spin the news to engineer support. Uncovering this new brand of authoritarianism, Sergei Guriev and Daniel Treisman explain the rise of such “spin dictators,” describing how they emerge and operate, the new threats they pose, and how democracies should respond. Spin Dictators traces how leaders such as Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew and Peru’s Alberto Fujimori pioneered less violent, more covert, and more effective methods of monopolizing power. They cultivated an image of competence, concealed censorship, and used democratic institutions to undermine democracy, all while increasing international engagement for financial and reputational benefits. The book reveals why most of today’s authoritarians are spin dictators—and how they differ from the remaining “fear dictators” such as Kim Jong-un and Bashar al-Assad, as well as from masters of high-tech repression like Xi Jinping. Offering incisive portraits of today’s authoritarian leaders, Spin Dictators explains some of the great political puzzles of our time—from how dictators can survive in an age of growing modernity to the disturbing convergence and mutual sympathy between dictators and populists like Donald Trump.},
  address = {Princeton},
  author = {Guriev, Sergei and Treisman, Daniel},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Spin Dictators: The Changing Face of Tyranny in the 21st Century},
  year = 2022
}

@article{canterogaliano2022trust,
  abstract = {The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The aim of this work is to delve into the significance of trust in the phenomenon of tax compliance. Specifically, the relationship between taxpayers’ trust in the Government, administrations and institutions and their reported disposition towards tax compliance is explored based on the case of Spain and at regional level (NUTS2). Methodology: Using 2017 data collected by the European Values Study (EVS) and the Quality of Government Institute at the University of Gothenburg (QoG), a multilevel linear model is proposed where we assess the impact of citizen support for the Government and institutions on the disposition towards tax compliance. This model allows to simultaneously capture the relationships at taxpayer level and the effects of regional factors in the same equation. Results of the research: The results of the multilevel estimation allow the authors to reject the null hypothesis and accept, at least provisionally, the existence of a direct effect of trust in the institutions on tax compliance at regional level. Additionally, the low significance observed in the regional level variables suggests that citizens have non-decentralized perception of tax obligations. Furthermore, given that the effects are measured in terms of the quality of the institutions and government, the implications for regional policy and the actions of regional governments are of significant interest for the study of tax behavior and compliance.},
  author = {Cantero-Galiano, Jesús},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.18778/2391-6478.S.2022.06},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Finanse i Prawo Finansowe},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {englisch},
  pages = {81-97},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Trust in Institutions and Tax Compliance. A Multilevel Analysis of the Regions of Spain},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.S.2022.06},
  volume = {Special Issue 2022},
  year = 2022
}

@book{cicchelli2022youth,
  abstract = {This book explores disrupted youth cohesion in France within the context of multiple ongoing global economic, migratory, social, political, and security-related crises. While these trends can be observed in numerous Western societies, France provides a unique case study of various anticosmopolitan and anti-Enlightenment movements shaping youth conditions and reconfiguring relationships between the individual, the group, and society. The authors undertook in-depth interviews with French young people between the ages of 18 to 30 years old to inquire into how they experience "vivre ensemble" (living together) in a time of rising economic inequalities and multicultural tensions. Through these findings, they invite decision-makers, politicians, educators, and parents to propose a renewed narrative of social cohesion for youth who are not disillusioned, but deeply on edge.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Cicchelli, Vincenzo and Octobre, Sylvie},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-11825-8},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  series = {Studies in Childhood and Youth},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Youth on Edge: Facing Global Crises in Multicultural French Society},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11825-8},
  year = 2022
}

@article{aldjic2022espoused,
  abstract = {Purpose: Employers face the challenge of preparing for a new, upcoming generational cohort that is different in its expectations of the workplace, which goes hand-in-hand with its values. Therefore, Generation Z in Austria must receive detailed attention because it will make up a significant proportion of the workforce in the future. Questions will emerge about how to recruit this cohort or how to retain them. This research fills this gap by analyzing their espoused national cultural values and corresponding work values while considering the implications of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Design/Method/Approach: This quantitative research surveyed 137 Austrians from Generation Z. Findings: The results show a low Power Distance score, concluding that Austrian Generation Z does not prefer unequally distributed power; a low preference for Collectivism, a higher preference for Uncertainty Avoidance, and lower Masculinity. In terms of work values, Austrian Generation Z demonstrated the strongest preference for intrinsic and social rewards and emphasized the importance of offering benefits such as remote work opportunities and flexibility in scheduling work. Theoretical Implications: This study shows that espoused national cultural values impact work values in the context of Austrian Gen Z. Thus, both the espoused national cultural framework and the work values framework can be considered suitable for investigating values differences. Practical Implications: Human Resources practices should be adapted to successfully recruit and retain Austrian Generation Z. Originality/Value: This research is among the early attempts to not only understand how espoused national cultural values and COVID impact the work values of Generation Z in Austria. Research Limitations/Future Research: The smaller sample size and the over representation of females impact the extent to which findings can be generalized to all of Generation Z in Austria. Future research should expand the sample within Austria and internationally.},
  author = {Aldjic, Klaudia and Farrell, Wendy},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.15421/192210},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  journal = {European Journal of Management Issues},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {100-115},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Work and Espoused National Cultural Values of Generation Z in Austria},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15421/192210},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{gelissen2022withincountry,
  abstract = {Values researchers commonly derive country-level measures of shared values constructs by aggregating scores on individual-level belief variables. However, different composition models may underlie this approach, and it remains to be seen whether consensus in beliefs between individuals from the same country is large enough to warrant aggregation. To examine these issues, I first outline a typology of composition models for specifying the functional relationship among constructs at different levels of analysis as developed by Chan (1998). Then, I show that statistical interrater agreement measures for a small selection of constructs in the 2017 wave of the European Values Study provide weak evidence for warranting aggregation of individual-level variables for deriving country-level constructs. I compare these results to the results from a response weighted mean aggregation method described by Van Bruggen et al. (2002) that incorporates the degree of agreement among respondents’ responses into the calculation of the country-specific mean scores on the constructs. For three out of four constructs considered, the ranking of some countries on their position on the construct concerning changes considerably. However, the correlation between the unweighted and weighted country ranking is still high, which suggests that the position of countries can be estimated with sufficient reliability.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Gelissen, John},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {114-133},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Does Within-Country Agreement on Beliefs matter for Ranking Countries on Values Dimensions? Evidence from the European Values Study 2017},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{weisburd2022approach,
  abstract = {Research Summary: This study uses agent-based models (ABMs) to compare the impacts of three different types of interventions targeting recruitment to terrorism—community workers at community centers; community-oriented policing; and an employment program for high-risk agents. The first two programs are social interventions that focus on de-radicalization and changing the dispositions of agents in the model, whereas the employment program focuses on “deflection” and represents a situational/opportunity reducing approach to prevention. The results show significant impacts of the community worker and community policing interventions on radicalization but no significant impact on recruitment. In contrast, the employment intervention had a strong and significant impact on recruitment, but little impact on radicalization. Policy Implications: Our ABM simulations challenge the reliance of existing programs to reduce recruitment to terrorism on counter and de-radicalization approaches. Instead they suggest that policy makers should focus more attention on deflection and opportunity reduction. At the same time, our ABMs point to the salience of social interventions focusing on risk and protective factors for reducing radicalization in society.},
  author = {Weisburd, David and Wolfowicz, Michael and Hasisi, Badi and Paolucci, Mario and Andrighetto, Giulia},
  doi = {10.1111/1745-9133.12579},
  issn = {15386473},
  journal = {Criminology & Public Policy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {461-485},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {What is the best approach for preventing recruitment to terrorism? Findings from ABM experiments in social and situational prevention},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12579},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{panagiotopoulou2022traditional,
  abstract = {The present chapter focuses on defining the importance in life of family and of specific qualities for a successful marriage/partnership as related to the traditional value of women being fulfilled in their role as spouses and mothers, and also the post-materialist value of marriage being an outdated institution. These values were examined using data from the 2008 and 2019 waves of the European Values Study for Greece. The findings provide overwhelming support for the importance of family in one’s life as well as the importance of faithfulness for a successful marriage or partnership. Adequate income and children were assessed as important for a successful marriage/partnership by fewer traditional participants in general and by even fewer non-traditional participants and post-materialists in 2019 as compared to those in 2008. },
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Panagiotopoulou, Penny and Gari, Aikaterini and Emvalotis, Anastassios},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {448-461},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Traditional and Post-Materialist Values About Family and Marriage in Greece},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{gennaioli2022trust,
  abstract = {We assemble homeowner insurance claims from 28 independently operated country subsidiaries of a multinational insurance firm. We propose a new insurance model, in which consumers can make invalid claims and firms can deny valid claims, as is common in the data. In the model, trust and honesty shape equilibrium insurance contracts, disputes, and claim payments, especially when disputes are too small for courts. We test the model by investigating claim incidence, dispute, rejection, and payment, as well as insurance costs and pricing across countries. The evidence is consistent with the centrality of trust for insurance markets, as our model predicts.Authors have furnished data/code, which are available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.},
  author = {Gennaioli, Nicola and La Porta, Rafael and Lopez-de Silanes, Florencio and Shleifer, Andrei},
  doi = {10.1093/rfs/hhab112},
  issn = {08939454},
  journal = {The Review of Financial Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {5287-5333},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Trust and Insurance Contracts},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhab112},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2022
}

@article{vantriet2022stilte,
  abstract = {Scholars increasingly worry about an increase in citizens’ tolerance for political violence. The present research aimed to gauge tolerance for political violence in the Netherlands and investigate its predictors. In Study 1, tolerance for political violence was assessed in a representative sample of Dutch citizens (N = 515) in a preregistered survey. Results showed that, depending on the wording of the question, 2% to 19% of participants supported the use of political violence. In Study 2, data from the Dutch part of the European Values Study (N = 2,404) was used to investigate predictors of tolerance for political violence. The results revealed that participants with lower incomes and participants who indicated that the Netherlands is not governed democratically indicated higher levels of tolerance. This suggests that economic uncertainty and perceptions of political legitimacy are the main drivers of tolerance for political violence.},
  author = {van ’t Riet, Jonathan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.5117/MEM2021.4.002.RIET},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Mens & Maatschappij},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {344-371},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {De stilte voor de storm? Een onderzoek naar tolerantie jegens politiek geweld in Nederland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2021.4.002.RIET},
  volume = 97,
  year = 2022
}

@article{suero2023gendered,
  abstract = {The Gender Revolution Theory forecasts a rise in fertility as gender equality increases and permeates the private sphere. However, empirical evidence across different societies has not always been conclusive, which suggests further research on the relationship between gender equality and fertility is needed. This research aims to assess the impact of the distribution of housework and childcare within the couple on one-child mothers’ fertility intentions in Spain. The educational expansion in recent decades has facilitated women’s mass entry into the workforce in this country. Nevertheless, the distribution of unpaid labour remains quite gendered and public support for families is scarce, making family/work balance challenging, especially for women. Using data from the 2018 Spanish Fertility Survey, the results suggest that when the distribution of housework is highly unbalanced between mothers and fathers, women are less likely to intend to have a second child. In contrast, unequal childcare workload does not substantially impact their intention to have a second child. Furthermore, whereas women’s satisfaction with the distribution of housework and childcare does not seem to moderate the effect of distribution, their education level slightly does. University-educated women are more likely to revise their fertility intentions downwards when the distribution is highly unequal.},
  author = {Suero, Cristina},
  doi = {10.1186/s41118-023-00182-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {20355556},
  journal = {Genus},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-29},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gendered division of housework and childcare and women’s intention to have a second child in Spain},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-023-00182-0},
  volume = 79,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{ramsel2018deutschland,
  abstract = {Die Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 1982, 1992 und 2002 werden in diesem Beitrag als Hauptdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 38. Fassung, Dezember 2023},
  address = {Hohenwarsleben},
  author = {Ramsel, Carsten},
  availability = {22.12.2023},
  booktitle = {Handbuch der Religionen: Kirchen und andere Glaubensgemeinschaften in Deutschland und im deutschsprachigen Raum},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4460 ; 10.4232/1.3778 ; 10.4232/1.10029 ; 10.4232/1.1160 ; 10.4232/1.2140 ; 10.4232/1.3700},
  doi = {10.5771/9783866175068},
  editor = {Klöcker, Michael and Tworuschka, Udo and Rötting, Martin},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 v1.0.0 ; ZA3778 v2.0.0 ; ZA4753 v1.0.0 ; ZA1160 v1.0.0 ; ZA2140 v1.0.0 ; ZA3700 v1.0.0},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {1-14},
  publisher = {Westarp Science},
  study-id = {ALLBUS1982 ; ALLBUS1992 ; ALLBUS2002 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Deutschland und seine Kinder - eine Frage der Religiosität?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783866175068},
  year = 2018
}

@article{zakusilo2021studenci,
  abstract = {This article is a contribution to the decades of disputes and reflections on civil society and its future.Since a large part of the fears and hopes associated with these discussions concerns the role of youngpeople in supporting and developing civil society, the aim of this article is to present the results ofa quantitative study conducted among the Jagiellonian University students belonging to the Z generation. Thanks to the fact that the survey combines questions concerning civic attitudes and civicengagement, the study grasps the specific characteristics of young people, which are often overlooked, and their possible impact on the future of civil society. Drawing attention to the youngpeople who are university students and analyzing the relationship between the respondents’ civilityand their socio-cultural environment, the article answers the questions concerning the opportunitiesfor the further development of civil society in Poland and the role of the young generation of Polishresidents in this process. In particular, following the quantitative analysis of the responses of 149 participants, the article presents a discussion on the most common types of civic engagement, their relationship with the civic attitudes of the respondents and the impact of the socio-demographiccharacteristics of the respondents on these variables.  },
  author = {Zakusilo, Anastasiia},
  data-doi = {10.14281/18241.14},
  doi = {10.34616/142705},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  journal = {Fabrica Societatis},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {160-184},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2020},
  title = {Studenci Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pokolenia Z jako członkowie społeczeństwa obywatelskiego},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.34616/142705},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2021
}

@article{tizik2022forms,
  abstract = {This study analyses in detail the dynamics of the development of different types of worldviews (religious and particularly non-religious) in Slovakia. It is based on the results of four censuses along with the European Values Study (EVS) conducted in Slovakia in 1991, 1999, 2008, and 2017. The basic analytical tool is the typological method based on data from the EVS. The results show that in Slovakia, among the large number of possible theoretical types of worldviews, only five are empirically present in an analysable quantity, two of which concern people without religious affiliation. The results show that in this latter group, which has remained around 25% over the long term in Slovakia, the majority are rather indifferent to religion and only about one-fifth of them (4.5% of the total population in 2017) are people who can be considered atheists.},
  author = {Tížik, Miroslav},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.3390/rel13070605},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Forms of Non/Religiosity in Slovakia after 1989},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13070605},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2022
}

@article{carrilcaccia2023social,
  abstract = {This paper explores whether social ties, proxied by Facebook friendship links, can explain why the number and value of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are greater within countries than between countries. We find that social ties are positively correlated with the number and value of M&As. We also demonstrate that the home bias in M&As is greatly reduced once we control for the differences in social ties between and within countries. We further find that social ties particularly facilitate M&As when the level of corruption is high, press freedom is limited in the target country, and there are more cultural differences between the acquirer and target countries.},
  author = {Carril-Caccia, Federico and Garmendia-Lazcano, Aitor and Minondo, Asier},
  doi = {10.1007/s10290-022-00475-0},
  issn = {16102886},
  journal = {Review of World Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {563–593},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Social ties and home bias in mergers and acquisitions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-022-00475-0},
  volume = 159,
  year = 2023
}

@article{202119901991,
  abstract = {The aim of the paper is to analyze parental values in Russia and 33 other countries, and explore how they’ve changed between 1990 and 2017–2020. Russian dynamics are shown on 7 waves, international — on 2 waves. We used a combination of data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study. We found that in 1990 the Russian value agenda in regards to children was essentially directed towards survival. By 2017–2020 certain changes had occurred: Russians no longer considered survival values to be as important (such as hard work, thrift, obedience); self-expression values (e.g., independence and imagination) became more popular; humanistic values lost much of their importance for Russians. In 33 countries humanistic values remained as popular as in 1990, while survival values seem to be less important. Russian parental values change in the same direction as do Russian personal values.},
  author = {Окольская, Лидия Александровна},
  data-doi = {10.14281/18241.11},
  doi = {10.19181/socjour.2021.27.4.8643},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  journal = {Социологический журнал},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {32-52},
  study = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {РОССИЙСКИЕ РОДИТЕЛЬСКИЕ ЦЕННОСТИ В МЕЖСТРАНОВОМ КОНТЕКСТЕ С 1990-1991 ПО 2017-2020 ГГ. (Russian Parental Values in the international Context, 1990/1991–2017/2020)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2021.27.4.8643},
  year = 2021
}

@article{mccarthy2024attitudes,
  abstract = {Research on public attitudes to the death penalty has been predominantly understood through single nation-states, especially within the USA. Examinations of international differences in citizens’ support for the death penalty have been scarce, particularly among continents with a high volume of retentionist nations (e.g. Asia). In this paper, we draw on a dataset of 135,000 people from across 81 nations to examine differences in death penalty support. We find that residents of retentionist nations are generally more supportive of the death penalty than those from abolitionist nations. But this general difference masks important differences both within and between countries. At the country-level, residents of abolitionist nations with autocratic political systems and those with higher homicide levels were more likely to support the death penalty than residents of other abolitionist nations. At the individual level, greater support for a strong dictatorial-type leader and perceptions of political corruption are associated with increased support for the death penalty, but only in abolitionist nations. By contrast, more frequent religious worship, perceived egalitarianism in a nation, and support for the political performance of government reduced death penalty support in abolitionist nations but increased support in retentionist nations, while belief in individual responsibility and critical views towards ethnic minorities increased support for the death penalty across both abolitionist and retentionist nations.},
  author = {McCarthy, Daniel and Brunton-Smith, Ian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1177/14773708221097670},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {14773708},
  journal = {European Journal of Criminology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {116-139},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Attitudes towards the death penalty: An assessment of individual and country-level differences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708221097670},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{cosso2022introduccin,
  address = {Salta},
  author = {Cosso, Pablo Esteban},
  booktitle = {Las Diversidades De Lo Religioso En Salta notas Para Un Estudio Sobre Diversidad Religiosa},
  editor = {Casimiro Córdoba, Ana Victoria and Cosso, Pablo Esteban},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {11-14},
  publisher = {ICSOH},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Introducción a la temática de la diversidad religiosa en Argentina},
  url = {http://www.icsoh.unsa.edu.ar/icsoh/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/libro-cosso-casimiro-coord-1.pdf#page=15},
  year = 2022
}

@inproceedings{biolcati2022values,
  address = {Colle di Val d'Elsa},
  author = {Biolcati, Ferruccio and Ladini, Riccardo},
  booktitle = {1th Forum on Intercultural Learning and Exchange - The values of living together: How to assess their evolution within intercultural student exchanges },
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {11-18},
  series = {Intercultura},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {On Values As They Evolve: A Presentation of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study},
  url = {https://www.fondazioneintercultura.org/_files/uploads/trimestrale_intercultura_n105_2022.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{glas2023gender,
  abstract = {Populist voices argue that Muslim migrants’ religion would cause them to denounce all aspects of women’s equality and sexual liberalization, no matter how long migrants have lived in Western Europe. Previous quantitative studies have refuted claims that Islamic religiosity necessarily begets gender traditionalism and that migrants would not become more progressive over time. However, existing studies have not yet addressed the assumption of uniformity in “gender egalitarianism.” The present study argues that individuals’ religiosity and acculturation over time shape support for public-sphere equality, progressive family role divisions, and sexual liberalization in different ways. EURISLAM data on 4,000 Muslim migrants show that different gender values are indeed driven by varying mechanisms and develop differently. Over time and generations, Muslim migrants’ support for public-sphere equality and sexual liberalization swell, but their support for progressive family roles dwindles. Religiosity hardly reduces support for public-sphere equality, more strongly curbs progressive family roles, and most strongly stifles sexual liberalization. These differences magnify over the years after migration; religiosity’s already weak and inconsistent obstruction to public-sphere equality further dulls, while its stronger opposition to sexual liberalization intensifies. Altogether, varying gender values differ to such an extent that any conclusion on “the gender traditionalism” of Muslim migrants should be viewed suspiciously.},
  author = {Glas, Saskia},
  doi = {10.1093/sf/soac004},
  issn = {00377732},
  journal = {Social Forces},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1199-1229},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {What Gender Values Do Muslims Resist? How Religiosity and Acculturation Over Time Shape Muslims’ Public-Sphere Equality, Family Role Divisions, and Sexual Liberalization Values Differently},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soac004},
  volume = 101,
  year = 2023
}

@article{furtado2022disability,
  abstract = {We consider how work norms affect the likelihood of people receiving Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) in response to worsening economic conditions. By focusing on immigrants in the US, we can examine the influence of work norms in a person's home country, which we argue are exogenous to labor market prospects in the US. We find that the probability of receiving SSDI benefits is more sensitive to economic downturns among immigrants from countries where people place less importance on work. We also provide evidence that this result is not driven by differential labor market sensitivities to the business cycle or differences in other characteristics that might be correlated with norms.},
  author = {Furtado, Delia and Papps, Kerry L. and Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103983},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00142921},
  journal = {European Economic Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Who Goes on Disability when Times are Tough? The Role of Work Norms among Immigrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103983},
  volume = 143,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{dumont2022party,
  abstract = {Political parties are crucial collective actors for the establishment, functioning and maintenance of modern democracy. In Europe and North America, from the 19th century onwards they have populated and organized the work of emerging representative institutions. Especially in Europe, where they were rooted in prior cleavages that largely predate the advent of democracy, they became increasingly strong, cohesive and complex organizations articulating and aggregating the interests of much larger numbers of voters when mass suffrage was granted (Lipset and Rokkan 1967). In recent decades, much of the debate over the crisis of democracy in the West has been fuelled by the sentiment that political parties’ performance in linking society with government has faltered. Nevertheless, despite their poor public image and a broader concern about the ‘decline of parties’, parties remain central linkages between voters and government institutions in established democracies, essential for both the political representation of the former and the accountability of the latter (Dalton et al. 2011).},
  address = {London},
  author = {Dumont, Patrick},
  booktitle = {Party Politics in European Microstates},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188},
  doi = {10.4324/9781315206776},
  editor = {Bértoa, Fernando Casal and Dumont, Patrick},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Party Politics in European Microstates: One Step Towards Mainstreaming},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315206776},
  year = 2022
}

@article{kafkova2022active,
  abstract = {The Active Ageing Index was developed as a tool to monitor the potential for active and healthy ageing among European countries and to identify strengths and weaknesses in the country. It is used for policy setting in the ageing agenda. However broadly used, some methodological issues remain, and caution is necessary with its interpretation. Comparison of two countries is used for discussion of these issues. The Czech Republic and Slovakia shared a long history, joined in one state as Czechoslovakia. The current generations of older adults have spent most of their lives in that shared country. Yet, the now separate countries differ substantially in their positions in the Active Ageing Index, with Slovakia ranking much lower than the Czech Republic. In this article, the causes of the differences between the two countries are researched using a thorough comparison of survey indicator rankings, and explained with statistical data and the European Values Study survey 2017. Particular attention is paid to the indicators with the lowest and highest rankings. The results show surprisingly minor differences in most indicators. The most significant difference lay in older adults' employment and health situation, with Slovakia ranking lower. Together, these indicators are very powerful in the overall ranking of the Active Ageing Index.},
  author = {Kafková, Marcela Petrová},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.31577/sociologia.2022.54.2.7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologia},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {168-185},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Active Ageing Index as a Tool for Country Assessment and Comparison: The Case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2022.54.2.7},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2022
}

@article{eichberger2022caucase,
  abstract = {Complétant la comparaison des systèmes de valeurs sur le continent européen initiée par l’article de Pierre Bréchon et Myriam Désert sur les valeurs des Russes, Futuribles propose ici un regard sur les populations des États du Caucase du Sud, toujours à partir des enquêtes EVS (European Values Studies). Comme le savent nos lecteurs, le Caucase comprend deux parties : le Caucase du Nord (Tchétchénie, Daghestan…) qui fait partie de la fédération de Russie ; et le Caucase du Sud, composé de trois pays indépendants (mais se disputant certains territoires) entre la mer Noire et la mer Caspienne. Ce sont les valeurs exprimées dans ces trois pays — la Géorgie, l’Arménie et l’Azerbaïdjan — qu’Anton Eichberger a comparées à celles des Européens de l’Ouest et de l’Est, en particulier s’agissant du rapport à l’Union européenne et des sentiments nationalistes.Après avoir rappelé les conflits et tensions qui affectent le Caucase du Sud depuis des décennies, Anton Eichberger montre ici les disparités existant entre ces pays en matière de nationalisme. Si les valeurs nationales ressortent comme essentielles, et nettement plus marquées qu’en Europe de l’Ouest et de l’Est, la nature du nationalisme varie, tantôt identitaire et fermé (Azerbaïdjan, Géorgie), tantôt plus axé sur des modes de vie partagés (Arménie) ; de même que le rapport aux immigrés (Arméniens et Géorgiens exprimant plus de compassion que les Azerbaïdjanais et même que les Européens). Dans ces domaines, le poids de l’Histoire et du rapport à la Russie reste prégnant, comme en témoigne en particulier l’ouverture marquée de la Géorgie à l’égard de l’Union européenne — mais que la guerre lancée par la Russie contre l’Ukraine en 2022 pourrait venir substantiellement refroidir. S.D.},
  author = {Eichberger, Anton},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.448.0059},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 3,
  pages = {59-72},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Le Caucase du Sud : turbulences et perspectives},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/futur.448.0059},
  volume = 448,
  year = 2022
}

@article{afanasyeva2023,
  abstract = {Social sciences pay a great deal of attention to the effects of one’s (dis)similarity with one’s environment. Research of values is one aspect of these studies, where values are most abstracted individual goals which help one evaluate various phenomena as either good or bad. Most often, scholars focus on similarities and conclude that being similar to one’s environment makes one happier and self-confident and results in better relations with other people. There are relatively few studies that focus on the effects of dissimilarities, which leaves an opportunity for new studies. Based on the most recent waves of the World Value Survey and European Value Study (N = 122,224), this paper investigates whether one’s difference in Welzel’s emancipative value index (EVI) from the mean country level affect individual subjective well-being (SWB). Our analysis suggests that this effect depends on (1) the sign of the difference and (2) the country mean EVI. In low-EVI countries people with lower levels of EVI tend to be happier than other people in their country. There is no effect in high-EVI countries. Furthermore, high levels of mean country EVI is a stronger predictor of happiness than are individual differences.},
  author = {Afanasyeva, Yulia A. and Ponarin, Eduard D.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.21638//spbu12.2022.402},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Социология},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {322-339},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Влияние (не)схожести эмансипативных ценностей  индивидов на субъективное благополучие},
  url = {https://sociologyjournal.spbu.ru/article/view/15876},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2023
}

@article{riusulldemolins2022religion,
  abstract = {The influence of social and educational factors has often been used to explain social differences in consumption and cultural practices. Without denying the value of such an approach, this article examines the impact of religious denomination and its influence in shaping cultural practices. Our article argues the need for a macro-social, longue durée [long-term] perspective to shed light on cultural differences and why these linger notwithstanding the market and political convergence found in Europe today. The diverse cultural consumption patterns found in European Union (EU) Member States as evidenced by Eurobarometer surveys are examined through our logistic regression analysis. The findings show the explanatory power of the religion variables used by classical historical sociology. These variables have been largely overlooked by modern studies - a shortcoming this article seeks to redress. We see a link between a country's historical religion (the religious "factor") and its cultural consumption.},
  author = {Rius-Ulldemolins, Joaquim and Pizzi, Alejandro and Paya, Raul},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1177%2F00207152221118627},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {225–248},
  study = {Eurobarometer 2013},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Religion as a factor in cultural consumption: Religious denomination and its impact on reading practices and ballet-opera attendance in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00207152221118627},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2023
}

@article{araki2023satisfaction,
  abstract = {Recent research argues skills are the key to socio-economic success for individuals and societies, ranging from labor market outcomes to non-economic well-being. Drawing on these arguments, this study re-examines the linkage between the skills level of societies and people’s life satisfaction (LS), using the joint European Values Study–World Values Survey data for 48,930 individuals in 32 countries. Multilevel regressions confirm the positive association between these two variables, as suggested by the literature. However, there exists one outlier where the average LS score is markedly low despite its high skills level: Japan. Examining the mechanism behind this overall cross-national trend and Japan’s peculiar position—Japan Paradox—is a promising agenda for future multidisciplinary research, as it may reflect not only the favorable link between skills and LS but the hidden socio-economic structure—Skills Trap—that prevents highly skilled people from enjoying better well-being even under seemingly well-developed social conditions.},
  author = {Araki, Satoshi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152221124812},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {278–299},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Life satisfaction, skills diffusion, and the Japan Paradox: Toward multidisciplinary research on the skills trap},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152221124812},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2023
}

@article{manis2023curvilinear,
  abstract = {Trust has long been recognized as an important component of marketing systems. However, while macromarketing researchers argue that a lack of trust in business can impact other components of marketing systems, very few empirical studies in marketing investigate the determinants or outcomes associated with this type of trust. Accordingly, we begin with the premise that trust in major corporations is a critical, micro-level attitude that affects the performance of a marketing system. Then, we investigate the factors that influence trust in major corporations by analyzing how perceptions of government involvement in business, political ideology, and other attitudinal and demographic variables affect trust. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we find that trust has a curvilinear relationship with perceptions of free-market competition, in which too much trust, or too little, leads to negative perceptions - trust plays a critical mediating role in constructing beliefs about free markets. Additionally, we show that macroeconomic variables influence the first stage of attitude formation toward major corporations, with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and foreign direct investment (FDI) acting as moderators in our analysis. Overall, the multi-level moderated-mediation model used in this research embodies a true systems approach to the analysis of marketing systems by demonstrating how the economic outcomes of marketing systems (e.g., GDP and FDI) can also have feedback effects on participants within a marketing system.},
  author = {Manis, Kerry T. and Cockrell, Seth and Friske, Wesley},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1177/02761467231172157},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {02761467},
  journal = {Journal of Macromarketing},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The Curvilinear Role of Trust in Marketing Systems: Analysis of a Moderated-Mediation Model with Hierarchical Linear Modeling},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467231172157},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{marody2021wartoci,
  abstract = {Podstawowym celem projektu „Wartości w dobie (globalnego) kryzysu” jest zbadanie charakteru i kierunku zmian, które dokonywały się w społeczeństwie polskim w ciągu ostatnich 30 lat, a które dotyczą uznawanych przez nie wartości. Polska – jako kraj europejski, ale także część systemu światowego – podlega rozmaitym procesom społecznym i gospodarczym, które dotykają Europy i świata. Wśród tych procesów na szczególną uwagę zasługują procesy modernizacyjne (dzielone chronologicznie na okresy wczesnej i późnej modernizacji), utrzymywanie się globalnego kryzysu ekonomicznego oraz powstanie i rozwój nowych sieci komunikacyjnych. Ich oddziaływanie wpływa zarówno na treść i hierarchię uznawanych przez społeczeństwo wartości, jak i na ich strukturę i powiązania z działaniami. Dostrzeżenie przemian w obszarze wartości i ocena skali tych przemian jest możliwa w pełni wówczas, gdy można prowadzić analizy porównawcze. Znaczenie niniejszego projektu polega m.in. na możliwości dokonywania takich wielokierunkowych porównań. Dzięki nieprzerwanemu od 1990 r. udziałowi polskiego zespołu w projekcie Europejskiego Sondażu Wartości (EVS) dysponujemy danymi dla Polski ze wszystkich edycji tego badania od roku 1990, możliwe są więc badania trendów. Udział w najbliższe, piątej edycji tego projektu pozwali na dokonywanie porównań między krajami i umiejscowienie wartości podzielanych przez Polaków w kontekście europejskim i światowym (dzięki porównaniom z World Values Study). Rekonstrukcja procesu przemian wartości społeczeństwa polskiego nie może być jednak ograniczona do badania trendów czasowych, lecz powinna również wskazywać na mechanizmy odpowiedzialne za obecny kształt wartości, które to społeczeństwo spajają i które są odpowiedzialne za jego zróżnicowanie oraz odpowiadać na pytanie jaki jest związek tych wartości z działaniami, zarówno indywidualnymi, jak i zbiorowymi. W tej części projektu teoretycznych inspiracji do planowanych analiz dostarcza nam teza Alaina Touraine’a głosząca, iż społeczeństwa europejskie wkroczyły w taką fazę rozwoju, którą określa on mianem „sytuacji postspołecznej”, a w której dynamikę ich funkcjonowania nie wyznaczają już działania strukturalnie zdefiniowanych sił społecznych, motywowanych interesami społeczno-ekonomicznymi, lecz działania sił zintegrowanych wokół specyficznych wartości. Innymi słowy – miejsce aktorów społecznych zajmują „aktorzy moralni”. Powyższe konstatacje stanowią punkt wyjścia do sformułowania przez nas szeregu szczegółowych hipotez badawczych, dotyczących z jednej strony wartości stanowiących fundament tożsamości polskiego społeczeństwa, z drugiej – wpisywania się tych wartości w tendencje ogólnoeuropejskie. Jedną z takich zauważalnych już tendencji jest np. aktywizacja potrzeby bezpieczeństwa prowadząca do spadku solidarności oraz narastającej niechęci do obcych. Jeśli chodzi o zmiany specyficzne dla Polski, to sądzimy – i mamy zamiar szerzej zająć się tą kwestią w naszych analizach – że potrzeba przynależności oraz szacunku pozostały w znacznym stopniu niezaspokojone w wielu środowiskach polskiego społeczeństwa, co jest rezultatem specyficznego przebiegu polskiej transformacji, a co dziś wyraźnie oddziałuje na kształt uznawanych wartości i na sposób, w jaki wartości te się ujawniają. Postępująca konsolidacja wartości w pewnych obszarach życia prowadzi do wyłaniania się odmiennych projektów „dobrego społeczeństwa” Odpowiedzi na postawione pytania badawcze będziemy poszukiwać poprzez zastosowanie różnorodnych metod dopasowanych do treści podejmowanych zagadnień. Trzonem projektu jest badanie ilościowe na reprezentatywnej próbie, przeprowadzone według metodologii uzgodnionej w ramach międzynarodowego konsorcjum European Values Study. Mechanizmy kształtowania się wartości będą badane metodami jakościowymi – planujemy przeprowadzenie wywiadów grupowych i indywidualnych. Przeprowadzimy również wspomaganą komputerowo analizę dyskusji toczonych w odpowiednio dobranych sieciach społecznościowych. Całość uzupełnią analizy wcześniej zebranych z badań nad wartościami, które obejmą wszystkie edycje EVS oraz wybrane edycje innych projektów międzynarodowych, w których problematyka wartości była poruszana (ESS, Eurobarometr, Diagnoza Społeczna, ISSP). Podstawową wartością projektu jest jego wkład w rozwój badań zarówno nad zachodzącymi w Polsce procesami przemian wartości, jak i mechanizmami, które te procesy modyfikują, przyspieszają bądź spowalniają. Zaplanowane analizy powinny nam również dostarczyć danych pozwalających na teoretyczne uszczegółowienie (lub nawet zmodyfikowanie) najpopularniejszej w dziedzinie badań nad wartościami, koncepcji Ronalda Ingleharta oraz na teoretyczną refleksję nad, nieco zaniedbanym w socjologii, zagadnieniem związku wartości z działaniami.},
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Marody, Mirosława},
  booktitle = {Wartości w działaniu},
  editor = {Marody, Mirosława},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {271-298},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Spółka z o.o.},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Wartości w dobie (globalnego) kryzysu},
  year = 2021
}

@book{clements2022catholics,
  abstract = {Catholics in Contemporary Britain showcases findings from a wide-ranging, empirical study of Catholics living in Britain. It offers a sociologically-informed study, placing the contemporary Catholic community in the wider contexts of their society and the global faith of which they are a part. The book has been animated by a set of compelling broader questions : Who are the Catholics in Britain? How do they engage with their faith and with the Church? What do they think about issue within, and the leadership of, their Church? What are their views on wider social issues and of the party-political landscape? The study is thematically broad in scope, focusing on demography, religiosity (addressing the three 'Bs' of 'believing', 'belonging', and 'behaving'), social-moral issues, church leadership and schooling, and party support and voting behaviour. The book presents a rich and fascinating demographic, religious, and attitudinal profile of Britain's Catholics in the 21st Century.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Clements, Ben and Bullivant, Stephen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.10188 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v2.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Catholics in Contemporary Britain: Faith, Society, Politics},
  year = 2022
}

@article{kruger2022comparing,
  abstract = {Assisted dying is subject to markedly different laws in different European countries, and the legislation is rapidly changing in many of them. This article seeks to enhance our understanding of how public and health-care professionals’ opinions shape assisted dying legislation in Europe. To that end, data on the attitudes of the general public as well as health-care professionals was systematically collected, analysed and compared to the legal situation in seven European countries, covering the period from 1990 until 2021.},
  author = {Krüger, Jessica Maureen},
  doi = {10.1163/15718093-bja10101},
  journal = {European Journal of Health Law},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {243–271},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Comparing the Decriminalisation of Assisted Dying in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10101},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2023
}

@article{fagerberg2022capabilities,
  abstract = {What determines the differences in economic performance across European regions? In addressing this question, this paper takes inspiration from two different approaches. One approach highlights the role of capability-building, of a technological or social nature, while another perspective emphasizes the potential advantages of proximity and, hence, a relatively diversified economic structure, for regional economic performance. The paper argues that the impacts of capability-building and diversification on regional economic development need to be assessed jointly. Using information for 261 regions at NUTS2 level in 27 European countries in the 2000s, novel data sources are exploited to construct measures of technological and social capabilities, which are combined with indicators of related and unrelated variety in the analysis of regional economic dynamics. The results suggest that capability-building play a key role in regional economic development while the results for diversification are more mixed.},
  author = {Fagerberg, Jan and Srholec, Martin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1007/s10961-022-09917-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {15737047},
  journal = {The Journal of Technology Transfer},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {623–644},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Capabilities, diversification & economic dynamics in European Regions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-022-09917-1},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2023
}

@article{gabor2022transzformci,
  abstract = {Az elmúlt évtized során számos országban, így a kelet-közép-európai régióban is fontos politikai és gazdaságpolitikai változások zajlottak le. A politikai közbeszédben megjelentek a korábbi főáramtól eltérő demokrácia- és kapitalizmusfelfogások, protekcionista tendenciák, elitellenes szólamok, amelyeket a szakirodalom gyakran populistának nevez. Ez különösen igaz a 2008-as válság óta. Ugyanakkor sok szerző ezt a fajta változást sokkal korábbra, a rendszerváltás utáni évekre várta: szerintük az átmenet folyamatának potenciális vesztesei olyan politikai pártokat juttatnának hatalomra, amelyek visszafordítanák a többpártrendszerbe és kapitalizmusba való átmenet folyamatát. Ez a folyamat – Polányi Károlyt idézve – egy, a piacosodás elleni ellenmozgalom lehetőségeként értelmezhető. Ez az írás arra keresi a választ, vajon milyen társadalmi-gazdasági hatással járt a rendszerváltás a visegrádi országokban, és hogyan hatott mindez a társadalmi attitűdökre, vajon köszönhető-e a rendszerváltás és a 2008-as recesszió együttes hatásának az ezen politikai irányzatok iránti fogékonyság megerősödése.},
  author = {Gábor, Vigvári},
  doi = {10.18414/KSZ.2022.3.339},
  journal = {Közgazdasági Szemle},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {339-366},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Transzformáció és a populizmus a visegrádi országokban},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18414/KSZ.2022.3.339},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{sljivic2020symphonic,
  address = {Bern},
  author = {Šljivić, Dragan},
  booktitle = {Coping with Change: Orthodox Christian Dynamics Between Tradition, Innovation, and Realpolitik},
  editor = {Rimestad, Sebastian and Makrides, Vasilios N.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {9783631671467},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {147-172},
  publisher = {Peter Lang},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Symphonic Democracy: Is there a Form of Modern Democracy Suitable for Orthodox Countries?},
  year = 2020
}

@article{simonardottir2022manni,
  abstract = {Declining birth rates in Western countries can be attributed to changes in attitudes towards childbearing as well as social factors such as increased prosperity, education, increased gender equality and changes in life values and goals. Iceland now follows similar fertility trends as the other Nordic countries. Existing research is limited, underlining the importance of broad context research of birth rates and fertility behaviour. The purpose of this study is to further our understanding of how attitudes towards childbearing are shaped by prevailing ideas about parenthood, people’s social conditions, gendered reality, and family policy. In the study, we employ focus groups and individual interviews with women aged 25-30 to analyse young women’s attitudes towards childbearing. Our analysis sheds light on young women’s view of motherhood as distressing and likely to negatively impact their social position. Although the interviewees perceive cracks in the facade of the egalitarian society, when it comes to the inequal responsibilities of mothers and fathers, they do not question the ideology of individualism and intensive mothering that characterizes modern parenthood. Findings suggest that young women struggle to envision how they can meet the demands of motherhood in a society characterized by materialism, individualism, and impending climate disaster.},
  author = {Símonardóttir, Sunna Kristín and Guðmundsdóttir, Hlédís Maren},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Íslenska þjóðfélagið},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {107-122},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {„Manni líður eins og maður sé alltaf að stara í ginið á ljóninu“. Viðhorf ungra kvenna til barneigna},
  url = {https://fibi.hi.is/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Sunna_Hledis_2022.pdf},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2022
}

@article{gonthier2022party,
  abstract = {A significant body of literature has addressed the impact of party polarization on voting behavior. Yet little is known of the relationship between party polarization and belief systems. The present study argues that party polarization enhances the ideological consistency of belief systems and does so for the citizenry as a whole. We first demonstrate that the more party systems are polarized on economic and sociocultural issues, the more consistently belief systems are aligned with the progressive-conservative continuum. Second, we show that ideological consistency is greater in highly polarized party systems, not only among the most politically attuned Europeans but also among those with lower levels of political sophistication. Results have implications for our understanding of citizen competence and responsiveness to elite cues in polarized party systems.},
  author = {Gonthier, Frederic and Guerra, Tristan},
  doi = {10.1177/13540688211064606},
  issn = {13540688},
  journal = {Party Politics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {How party polarization shapes the structuring of policy preferences in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688211064606},
  year = 2022
}

@article{lavrinenko2022cognition,
  abstract = {Whereas most theories of why the masses protest in democratic and authoritarian regimes involve some psychological or ‘cognitive’ element, major theories that include them (a) de-emphasize the structural conditions and (b) posit an explicit structure and cognition model but lack data to test its propositions across nations and time. This article synthesizes cognition-themed theories of democratic culture, political process theory’s cognitive liberation, and the structural cognitive model’s incentives. I test this synthetic theory in a specific way: that democratization and social spending interact with cognition in terms of external political efficacy and support for equitable economic redistribution to increase protest potential. I employ a three-level cross-national time-series model on the World Values Survey/European Values Study integrated dataset (1981–2020), consisting of democratic and authoritarian-leaning countries. I find that the three cognitive theories are complementary and that the interaction of structural changes with micro-level cognition has nuanced associations with protest potential.},
  author = {Lavrinenko, Olga},
  doi = {10.1177/02685809211068664},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {02685809},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {355-372},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Cognition and protest in democratic and authoritarian regimes, 1981–2020},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809211068664},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2022
}

@article{carosio2022pandemia,
  abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated the inequalities and poverty of the vast majority of the Latin American population. Although states have attempted to reduce its catastrophic impacts, their interventions have proved insufficient and unstable. The author examines the contextual conditions, the policies, the results achieved during the two years of the pandemic and the future possibilities.},
  author = {Carosio, Alba},
  doi = {10.13137/2035-6633/33763},
  journal = {Visioni LatinoAmericane},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 27,
  pages = {24-53},
  study = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2020},
  title = {Dos años de pandemia en América Latina y el Caribe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13137/2035-6633/33763},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2022
}

@article{tannenbaum2022crosscountry,
  abstract = {We assess the predictive power of survey measures of social capital with a new behavioral data set that examines whether citizens report a lost wallet to its owner. Using data from more than 17,000 “lost” wallets across 40 countries, we find that survey measures of social capital—especially questions concerning generalized trust or generalized morality — are strongly and significantly correlated with country-level differences in wallet reporting rates. A second finding is that lost wallet reporting rates predict unique variation in the outputs of social capital, such as economic development and government effectiveness, not captured by existing measures.},
  author = {Tannenbaum, David and Cohn, Alain and Zünd, Christian Lukas and Maréchal, Michel André},
  doi = {10.1162/rest_a_01245},
  issn = {00346535},
  journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {142–151},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {What Do Cross-Country Surveys Tell Us about Social Capital?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01245},
  volume = 107,
  year = 2025
}

@article{molteni2022religious,
  abstract = {Nothing puzzles sociologists of religion more than the reasons and the patterns behind religious change. In the literature on secularization processes, it is broadly accepted that ongoing modernization has undermined many of the pillars of institutional religions, leading to widespread religious decline. While a considerable body of research investigates the "why(s)" of this decline, the main focus of this paper is on the "how." Drawing on CARPE, a harmonized dataset concerning church attendance with almost 2 million observations spanning over 40 years in 39 European countries, this article disentangles the contributions of period change and cohort replacement to the general religious decline. It shows that this decline reflects a real population dynamic based on generational replacement. It is not historical events or developments affecting everyone that undermine religion: new and less religious cohorts are replacing old and more religious ones. Like many other population dynamics, this process is described by an S-shaped curve and applies - with different speeds and levels - to almost all the European countries considered herein. These findings suggest that the effects of the processes of modernization on the mechanisms of religious socialization should be scrutinized more carefully when studying the reasons behind religious decline.},
  author = {Molteni, Francesco and Biolcati, Ferruccio},
  doi = {10.1093/sf/soac099},
  issn = {00377732},
  journal = {Social Forces},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Religious Decline as a Population Dynamic: Generational Replacement and Religious Attendance in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soac099},
  year = 2022
}

@article{easterlin2022explaining,
  abstract = {In Europe, differences among countries in the overall change in happiness since the early 1980s have been due chiefly to the generosity of welfare state programs?increasing happiness going with increasing generosity and declining happiness with declining generosity. This is the principal conclusion from a time-series study of 10 Northern, Western, and Southern European countries with the requisite data. In the present study, cross-section analysis of recent data gives a misleading impression that economic growth, social capital, and/or quality of the environment are driving happiness trends, but in the long-term, time-series data, these variables have no relation to happiness.},
  author = {Easterlin, Richard A. and O’Connor, Kelsey J.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.2210639119},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 37,
  pages = {1-4},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Explaining happiness trends in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210639119},
  volume = 119,
  year = 2022
}

@article{alfano2022social,
  abstract = {By shaping the way people look at members of their networks as well as strangers, social capital affects the behavior of a population during a pandemic. Over the course of 2020, various countries implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), imposing restrictions that were difficult to enforce (due to the scale of the policies) in order to protect the public from the threat of COVID-19. This is an interesting quasi-experimental setting in which to test the compliance of populations with different levels of social capital with government suggestions and prescriptions. With the help of European Social Survey data, and the John Hopkins University dataset on the spread of COVID-19 around the world, the present work aims to test the impact within a sample of European countries with different social capital stocks on the spread of coronavirus. The results show that countries with higher social capital have fewer COVID-19 cases, ceteris paribus for NPI. This is especially true if this capital is of the bonding kind.},
  author = {Alfano, Vincenzo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s40888-021-00255-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1973820X},
  journal = {Economia Politica},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Does social capital enforce social distancing? The role of bridging and bonding social capital in the evolution of the pandemic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-021-00255-3},
  year = 2022
}

@article{zych2022radicalization,
  abstract = {Background Family-related risk and protective factors are crucial for different antisocial behaviors, but their role in radicalization requires synthesis. Radicalization is likely to have a negative impact on families, and well-designed and implemented family-focused intervention programs have the potential to decrease radicalization. Objectives Research questions were: (1) What are the family-related risk and protective factors for radicalization? (2) What is the impact of radicalization on families? (3) Are family-based interventions against radicalization effective? Search Methods Searches included 25 databases and hand searches of gray literature from April to July 2021. Leading researchers in the field were asked to provide published and unpublished studies on the topic. Reference lists of the included studies and previously published systematic reviews on risk and protective factors for radicalization were scanned. Selection Criteria Published and unpublished quantitative studies on family-related risk and protective factors for radicalization, the impact of radicalization on families, and family-focused interventions were eligible with no restrictions regarding the study year, location, or any demographic characteristic. Studies were included if they measured the relation between a family-related factor and radicalization or if they included a family-focused intervention against radicalization. For family-related risk and protective factors, radicalized individuals needed to be compared to general population. Studies were included if they defined radicalization as support or commission of violence to defend a cause, including support for radical groups. Data Collection and Analysis The systematic search identified 86,591 studies. After screening, 33 studies focused on family-related risk and protective factors were included, with 89 primary effect sizes and 48 variables grouped in 14 factors. For the factors that included two or more studies, meta-analyses with random effects were conducted. When possible, moderator analyses were performed together with sensitivity and publication bias analyses. No studies on the impact of radicalization on families or family-focused interventions were included. Results The current systematic review based on studies with 148,081 adults and adolescents from diverse geographic locations showed that parental ethnic socialization (z?=?0.27), having extremist family members (z?=?0.26), and family conflict (z?=?0.11) were related to more radicalization, whereas high family socioeconomic status (z?=??0.03), bigger family size (z?=??0.05), and high family commitment (z?=??0.06) were related to less radicalization. Separate analyses described family-factors for behavioral versus cognitive radicalization, and different radical ideologies including Islamist, right-wing and left-wing. It was not possible to distinguish risk and protective factors from correlates and the level of overall bias was mostly high. No results regarding the impact of radicalization on families or family-focused interventions were included. Authors' Conclusions Although causal relations between family-related risk and protective factors could not be established, it is reasonable to suggest that policies and practice should aim at decreasing family-related risks and increasing protective factors for radicalization. Tailored interventions including these factors should be urgently designed, implemented and evaluated. Studies focused on the impact of radicalization on families and family-focused interventions are urgently needed together with longitudinal studies on family-related risk and protective factors.},
  author = {Zych, Izabela and Nasaescu, Elena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1002/cl2.1266},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {18911803},
  journal = {Campbell Systematic Reviews},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-68},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family-related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1266},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2022
}

@article{gheorghita2021religious,
  abstract = {The article focuses on the theoretical aspects of the relationship between crises (such as health, economic or social crises) and religion, highlighting theoretical models of religion as a form of coping. The case study regarding the impact of the global pandemic of COVID-19 on religious life aims at pointing out the general perceptions of how religious beliefs and behaviours were influenced, as well as how faith communities have adapted to the coronavirus crisis},
  author = {Gheorghiță, Veronica and Bădescu, Alexandrina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {1584-224X},
  journal = {Revista de Stiinte Politice},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {152-164},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Religious coping in times of crisis},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2021
}

@article{rogers2023another,
  abstract = {Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT) proposes high violent crime rates are due partially to imbalances in societal institutions, specifically the dominance of the economy over non-economic institutions. Tests of IAT have focused largely on the absolute strength of the economy, which ignores the core argument of institutional imbalance and the possibility that institutional preferences may not be additive and limited. If one institution is strong, it does not mean other institutions are weak. We believe rigorous tests of IAT must include its central concept of relative institutional imbalance. Utilizing the World Values Survey for a sample of 74 nations, we created institutional imbalance ratios for each pairing of the economy with family, education, religion, and polity. We employed multiple regression to determine if our measures of institutional preferences were associated with homicide victimization rates. Results indicated only the Economic:Education institutional imbalance ratio was positively and significantly associated with national homicide rates.},
  author = {Rogers, Meghan L. and Pridemore, William Alex},
  doi = {10.1080/07418825.2022.2102535},
  issn = {07418825},
  journal = {Justice Quarterly},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {559-586},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Not Just Another Test of Institutional Anomie Theory: Assessing Relative Institutional Imbalances},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2022.2102535},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2023
}

@article{salomaki2021perinteen,
  abstract = {The occasional offices of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland have played a key role in the church’s interaction with Finns. Still, participation in the occasional offices has significantly declined: only 62% of children were baptized in 2019 (89% in 2000). The aim of this article is to analyse the role of religious ceremonies among young adults and reasons to baptize or not baptize one’s own child. The article is based on a survey which was sent to the parents of preschool children (0–6 years) (N=1036). It appeared that the main motives for baptism are related to tradition and custom. Various religious reasons emerged as having significant role for not baptizing: parents were not members of the church, did not feel connected to it or did not consider themselves believers.},
  author = {Salomäki, Hanna},
  journal = {Uskonto, katsomus ja kasvatus},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {10-23},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Perinteen ja yksilöllistymisen ristipaineessa: Nuoret aikuiset ja kaste},
  url = {https://journal.fi/ukk/article/view/110892},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2021
}

@article{verderame2021cosmopolitismo,
  author = {Verderame, Dario},
  journal = {Quaderni di Sociologia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 45,
  pages = {7-36},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Il cosmopolitismo dei giovani alla prova delle crisi. Attitudini cosmopolite e sentimenti di appartenenza nei giovani europei},
  url = {https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/936889/2/p61%20-%20Quaderni%20di%20Sociologia%2087_compressed.pdf},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2021
}

@article{landova2022generation,
  abstract = {The study deals with the religiosity and spirituality of contemporary Czech youth. Czech Republic is characterized by a high level of secularization. Are the expectations that religious faith will increasingly disappear in each generation coming true? How do Czech practical theologians reflect on the current situation? The study explores these questions against a background of generational theory and religious sociology. It has four parts. First, it introduces Mannheim’s theory of generations and applies it to the setting of Christian churches. In the second part, it characterizes the current Czech generation of youth with the help of generational typologies. In the third part, it presents the religiosity and spirituality of Czech youth based on recent sociological research. In the fourth part, it focuses on how Czech Catholic and Protestant theologians reflect on youth-work. The conclusion offers practical-theological suggestions that are relevant for pastoral work with youth in secularized contexts.},
  author = {Landová, Tabita},
  doi = {10.1163/24055093-bja10041},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Journal of Youth and Theology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {226–250},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {What Does Generation Z Believe? The Religiosity and Spirituality of Contemporary Czech Youth in Practical-Theological Reflection},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/24055093-bja10041},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{pickel2022kirchliche,
  address = {Leipzig},
  author = {Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Wer hat die Autorität?: Evangelische Kirche in der Dynamik neuer Institutionalisierungsformen. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven und praktisch-theologische Einschätzungen},
  editor = {Nord, Ilona and Schlag, Thomas},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {61-74},
  publisher = {Evangelische Verlagsanstalt GmbH},
  study = {ALLBUS2018},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Kirchliche Autorität in Zeiten des Institutionenumbruchs},
  year = 2022
}

@article{pianta2022emissions,
  abstract = {The implementation of ambitious climate policies consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement is fundamentally influenced by political dynamics. Yet, thus far, climate mitigation pathways developed by integrated assessment models (IAMs) have devoted limited attention to the political drivers of climate policymaking. Bringing together insights from the political science and socio-technical transitions literature, we summarize evidence on how emissions lock-in, capacity, and public opinion can shape climate policy ambition. We employ a set of indicators to describe how these three factors vary across countries and regions, highlighting context-specific challenges and enablers of climate policy ambition. We outline existing studies that incorporate political factors in IAMs and propose a framework to employ empirical data to build climate mitigation scenarios that incorporate political dynamics. Our findings show that there is substantial heterogeneity in key political drivers of climate policy ambition within IAM regions, calling for a more disaggregated regional grouping within models. Importantly, we highlight that the political challenges and enablers of climate policy ambition considerably vary across regions, suggesting that future modeling efforts incorporating political dynamics can significantly increase the realism of IAM scenarios.},
  author = {Pianta, Silvia and Brutschin, Elina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.17645/pag.v10i3.5462},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Politics and Governance},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {186-199},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Emissions Lock‐in, Capacity, and Public Opinion: How Insights From Political Science Can Inform Climate Modeling Efforts},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i3.5462},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2022
}

@article{ullrich2022development,
  abstract = {"How gender role attitudes develop during adolescence, and how biological, social, and cognitive factors predict this development, remains a matter of debate. This study examines the development of gender role attitudes from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and investigates how the developmental trajectory is affected by sex, socioeconomic status, and cognitive abilities (intelligence). Four waves of the large-scale longitudinal German dataset BIJU between 1991 (grade 7; N = 3828, Mage = 13, SD = 0.61, 53.1% female, 96.4% German nationality), 1995 (grade 10, Mage = 17), 1997 (grade 12, Mage = 19) and 2001/2002 (university/career entry, Mage = 24) were used. Measurement invariance was examined across waves and gender. Latent growth curve models showed that adolescents developed more egalitarian gender role attitudes. Differences between the sexes decreased over time but remained significant. Socioeconomic status seemed less relevant, while adolescents, especially those with lower intelligence scores, developed more egalitarian gender role attitudes during adolescence. The results showed that teenagers developed more open and egalitarian attitudes during adolescence, and that the development trajectories of female and male adolescents converge."},
  author = {Ullrich, Ricarda and Becker, Michael and Scharf, Jan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/s10964-022-01651-z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {15736601},
  journal = {Journal of Youth and Adolescence},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The Development of Gender Role Attitudes During Adolescence: Effects of Sex, Socioeconomic Background, and Cognitive Abilities},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01651-z},
  year = 2022
}

@article{salnikova2021fatalism,
  abstract = {The purpose of the study is to analyse the socio-political situation in Belarus, which has changed dramatically after the presidential elections in 2020, the paradox of striving for real social transformation in Belarusian society against the background of a fall in confidence in the mechanisms of how it functions. The assumption about the historical specificity of the Belarusian society and the weakness of its social system is tested using socio-cultural methodology, a historical-analytical method, institutional analysis, statistical analysis. The fatalism of Belarusian politics the authors find lies in the history of the country and in the formation process of its social system.},
  author = {Salnikova, Svіtlana},
  doi = {10.5604/01.3001.0015.6896},
  journal = {EJTS European Journal of Transformation Studies},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {129-151},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The "Fatalism" of Belarusian Politics and the "Social Climate" in the Country},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6896},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{cabrera2022modernization,
  abstract = {Secularization is one of the most visible and widespread processes linked to modernization and subsequent value transformations in Europe across the 20th century. Spain is no exception to this relevant value shift and transformation. This chapter explores the process of secularization in Spain, showing, on the one hand, the evolution of various indicators of individual secularization, and, on the other hand, reflecting on which factors explain this process in Spain. For this purpose, we rely on EVS data catalogue for Spain from 1981 to 2017. Our main findings is that Spain has experienced a clear process of secularization during the last decades, although relevant differences can be found in terms of age, job status, post-materialism and political ideology. },
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Cabrera, María Silvestre and Peral, Edurne Bartolomé and Imaz, Javier Elzo},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {134-149},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Modernization and Secularization in Spain: Evidence from Values Surveys},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{pickel2022demokratieentwicklung,
  abstract = {Der Beitrag analysiert die wechselhafte Demokratieentwicklung Rumäniens mit internationalen Indizes und die politischen Einstellungen der Bevölkerung. Die Rumän:innen befürworten mehrheitlich die Demokratie, allerdings präferieren viele eine Art „gelenkte Demokratie“. Unzufriedenheit mit dem Parteiensystem und Politiker:innen führte zu Unzufriedenheit mit der Funktionsweise der Demokratie. Den politischen Eliten werden Korruption, Klientelismus und eine mangelnde politische Leistungsfähigkeit angelastet. Allein eine gewisse Zufriedenheit mit der ökonomischen Entwicklung sowie der Wunsch nach dem Erhalt individueller Freiheit wirken diesen Enttäuschungen entgegen. Dies verhindert bislang, so die These, Erfolge rechtsradikaler und rechtspopulistischer Parteien, wie sie in Ungarn oder Polen zu beobachten sind.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Pickel, Susanne and Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Das politische System Rumäniens: Entwicklung und Herausforderungen in Europa},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-36343-7_3},
  editor = {Lorenz, Astrid and Mariș, Daniela-Maria},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {31-58},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Demokratieentwicklung und politische Kultur in Rumänien. Eine Längsschnittanalyse für den Zeitraum 1990 bis 2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36343-7_3},
  year = 2022
}

@article{castro2022armadilha,
  abstract = {Este artigo objetiva discutir e sintetizar a persistência de armadilhas teórico-epistemológicas na abordagem de cultura política para a América Latina e indicar alternativas teóricas. Desde a constituição do campo de cultura política, pouco se avançou na incorporação de aportes e evidências não centrados no Norte Global. Estudos sobre a América Latina indicam que as principais teorias da cultura política ainda carecem de capacidade de generalização para explicar sociedades em que a democracia liberal não é consolidada e a maioria da população não possui adequadas condições de vida. Assim, este artigo aborda três lacunas teórico-epistemológicas com foco na América Latina: a armadilha na teoria da cultura cívica; os limites na teoria revisitada de modernização; e a inadequação da explicação do &lt;em&gt;backlash&lt;/em&gt; cultural no contexto latino-americano. Debatemos limitações e alternativas relevantes para explicar a cultura política na América Latina e para aperfeiçoar o campo da cultura política.},
  author = {Castro, Henrique Carlos de Oliveira de and Santos, Débora de Oliveira and Beal, Luana Isabelle},
  doi = {10.22456/1982-5269.126192},
  journal = {Revista Debates},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {9-28},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {A armadilha da cultura cívica revisitada: A persistência dos limites analíticos no campo da cultura política},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-5269.126192},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2022
}

@article{page2022reassessing,
  abstract = {Governments around the world vary in their policies affecting lesbian and gay communities. While some states enshrine the rights of their minority citizens, others drum up and enforce oppressive policies toward these groups, termed political homophobia. We are interested in the role such policies play in shaping electoral and non-electoral political participation. Existing research on this question is often optimistic that proponents of gay rights will steadily out-participate their opposition, but anti-gay mobilization remains ubiquitous in many states. Under what conditions might intolerant citizens out-participate more socially progressive citizens? And how do state policies influence this participation? By engaging literature on sexual citizenship and political efficacy, we argue that a state's policy choices send important signals to citizens that influence their participation. Citizens who are intolerant of homosexuality may be more participatory in states that espouse political homophobia. This study conducts the first worldwide examination of tolerant and intolerant participation with data from the World Values Survey (2010?2020) and a novel application of gay rights measures. We find that outside of gay rights-respecting states, intolerant individuals are more likely to vote than tolerant individuals. While tolerant individuals generally tend to engage more in non-electoral participation across states, they nonetheless turn out to the ballot box less in states that are not respecting of gay rights.},
  author = {Page, Douglas and Ayoub, Phillip and Arranz, Catharine and Montes, Matthew and Paulin, Taylor},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12519},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {03044130},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = { 1165-1178},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2020},
  title = {Reassessing the relationship between homophobia and political participation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12519},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2022
}

@article{afzali2022social,
  abstract = {Research question/issue: This study explores the relationship between the level of social capital in the location of a firm's headquarter and the presence of female board directors. We measure local social capital by civic norms (i.e., voter turnout and census participation) and density of social networks (i.e., community, professional, church, and sports). We hypothesize that greater levels of local social capital will increase the share of female directors on local firms' boards, including women attaining a critical mass presence as well as member and chair roles on the board's audit, compensation, and nomination committees. Research findings/insights: Using 53,671 observations from U.S. public companies from 2000 to 2018, we find that firms headquartered in counties with higher levels of social capital have higher percentages of women directors. The results are robust to the inclusion of local female labor participation rate, religiosity, and other county-level demographics as well as instrumental variable and propensity score matching models. We also find that female directors in firms located in high social capital counties are more likely to achieve a critical mass; attain membership of audit, compensation, and/or nomination committees; and serve as chair of audit and nomination committees than female directors in firms located in low social capital counties. A robustness check with an international sample reveals similar results. Theoretical/academic implications: We build on institutional theory to highlight that the informal institution of social capital, in the form of U.S. county-level civic norms and social networks, shapes gender composition of local firms' boards. We build institutional theory at two levels of the quest for “fit” to the environment: firms seeking “fit” by creating more leadership opportunities for women, and individuals pursuing “fit” by moving up in corporate careers. We outline theoretical mechanisms including underlying informal societal norms of greater trust, tolerance for gender equality, respect for civil liberties, cooperative and helpful behavior, transparency, external monitoring, and less discrimination and information asymmetry. Practitioner/policy implications: Our findings offer insights to policymakers and practitioners interested in how local social capital shapes firm and individual actions. Our policy-related findings suggest that communities with greater civic norms are characterized by greater individual commitment to and trust in communities, equality, helpful behavior, and external monitoring, and less cynicism, and this context enables women to reach corporations' highest echelons. To maximize career prospects, women can attain leadership and other skills through local societal associations and build and strengthen ties in counties with higher levels of social capital. Firms should actively support community associations and direct philanthropy towards building social fabric in local communities.},
  author = {Afzali, Mansoor and Silvola, Hanna and Terjesen, Siri},
  doi = {10.1111/corg.12418},
  issn = {09648410},
  journal = {Corporate Governance: An International Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {461-481},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Social capital and board gender diversity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12418},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{cavusoglu2022postmateryalist,
  address = {Ankara},
  author = {Çavuşoğlu, Tarkan and Önal, Debi Konukcu},
  booktitle = {Mali iktisat teorisinde güncel yaklaşimlar ve gelişmeler},
  editor = {Didinmez, Irem},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {37-72},
  publisher = {Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hastaneleri},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Post-materyali̇st Değerleri̇n Vergi̇ Ahlâkina Yansimalari: Ni̇cel Bi̇r Anali̇z
},
  url = {https://avesis.hacettepe.edu.tr/yayin/479e8725-d823-46be-a037-6d7f43ab1c4d/post-materyalist-degerlerin-vergi-ahlakina-yansimalari-nicel-bir-analiz/document.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{konstantinov2022statism,
  abstract = {One of the most fundamental problematics of European integration is the issue of the common European identity. The academic and policy debates that are developed around this issue highlight the fact that the EU cannot be transformed into a nation-state or even retain the characteristics that we know form nation-states, such as cultural identity and collective memory. Nevertheless, the European identity ‒ partly a social reminder and partly a social construction ‒ demands a transnational sense of identification. During the transition from “communitarianism” to “sociability” and modernity, new networks of relationships emerge and the phobic syndrome of otherness is more easily dealt with. Nevertheless, despite the forces of modernization ‒ such as the growing familiarity with social diversifications, travel facilities and mixed marriages, among others ‒ social groups continue to play a leading role in forming collective memories and identities and developing trust-building mechanisms. In any case, what still constitute the pivotal factors for such formations are collective memories and identifications. Against these backdrops, the European identity still lacks the necessary social groups as well as the collective memories and identifications to drive this trust-building forward. Due to that, the acceptance of the European identity is subject to constant fluctuations, which warrants investigation.},
  author = {Konstantinov, Martin},
  data-doi = {EVS2017},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Социологически проблеми},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {153-171},
  title = {Statism as a Conservative Political Value in Bulgaria},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1052851},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2022
}

@article{gozzo2021coesione,
  abstract = {We use EVS-WVS data to test our hypothesis about the contextual dependence of cohesion in Europe. In particular, we apply Bayesian Networks to describe the emergence of Social Cohesion in different welfare models. The creation of different networks for each Welfare model aims at demonstrating that a different way to manage Social Policies creates different paths of Social Cohesion. Political participations, civil engagement and positive social ties are fundamental dimensions, producing Social Capital, while social cohesion requires further dimensions too, as the presence of structural dynamics (equity, granted public services) and the increase in satisfaction. The mechanisms detected are similar enough from different areas, with interesting specificities for Mediterranean, Social-Democratic and Post-communist models.},
  author = {Gozzo, Simona and D’Agata, Rosario and Maglia, Anna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.4000/qds.4765},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Quaderni di sociologia},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 45,
  pages = {89-110},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Coesione sociale e modelli di welfare in Europa (Social cohesion and welfare models in Europe)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.4765},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2021
}

@article{himmelroos2022binds,
  abstract = {Recent decades have seen a trend toward enfranchising emigrated citizens in home country elections. Political parties have also become increasingly interested in connecting with emigrant voters. That said, we still know little of what voters think of the parties in the home country and how party preferences may change because of migration. On the one hand, research shows that the experience of migration and the context of the host country have a significant impact on the political behavior of migrants. On the other hand, party ties are known to be resistant to change. In this paper, we study how what is generally assumed to be the strongest of party ties, namely ties to an ethnic party, is affected by migration. Utilizing two highly comparable surveys of resident and non-resident citizens, we study how identifying with an ethnic minority party among Finland-Swedes in Finland, where they constitute a linguistic minority, compares with emigrated Finland-Swedes in Sweden, where they speak the majority language. We find that party ties, even with an ethnic party, tend to be weaker for emigrated citizens. However, the difference is relatively small and only materializes after an extended stay abroad.},
  author = {Himmelroos, Staffan and Vento, Isak},
  doi = {10.1186/s40878-022-00291-3},
  issn = {2214594X},
  journal = {Comparative Migration Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-20},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The tie that binds? A comparison of ethnicity-based party ties among emigrated and resident citizens},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-022-00291-3},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2022
}

@article{2022,
  abstract = {В статье рассмотрены новые тенденции в системе ценностных координат белорусского общества. На основании данных международных социологических опросов, проведенных в рамках проектов «Европейское исследование ценностей» и «Всемирное исследование ценностей», проанализированы изменения ценностных ориентаций, происходящие в белорусском обществе в течение последних тридцати лет. В качестве методологии использован подход к определению системы ценностных координат, предложенный Р. Инглхартом и К. Вельцелем. Изучение фундаментальных тенденций изменения ценностного мира современного общества имеет практическое значение для анализа внутренних факторов актуальных социально-политических процессов и оценки перспектив дальнейшего устойчивого развития социально-политических институтов. Цель статьи - определение основных направлений трансформации ценностных ориентаций белорусского общества с периода обретения государственного суверенитета. Авторы делают вывод о стремительном движении белорусского общества от ценностей выживания к ценностям развития и самовыражения. В ходе проекта был проведен анализ демографической структуры населения Беларуси с точки зрения ценностных приоритетов. Выяснилось, что демографической базой секулярно-индивидуалистических ценностей, а также ценностей самовыражения выступают высокообразованные жители крупных городов младшего (до 30 лет) и среднего (до 49 лет) возраста. С учетом роста доли населения с высшим образованием и второй волны урбанизации (оттока населения из малых городов в крупные) следует ожидать расширения демографической базы и, соответственно, дальнейшего распространения указанных ценностных ориентаций. В этой ситуации система образования выступает в качестве источника содержательного наполнения происходящих перемен, формируя ценностную матрицу грядущей социальной реальности.},
  author = {Белов, Андрей Александрович and Данилов, Александр Николаевич and Ротман, Давид Генрихович},
  doi = {10.22363/2313-2272-2022-22-3-531-543},
  journal = {RUDN Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {531-543},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {БЕЛОРУССКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО: ОТ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ ВЫЖИВАНИЯ К ЦЕННОСТЯМ РАЗВИТИЯ И САМОВЫРАЖЕНИЯ},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2022-22-3-531-543},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{pickel2022durch,
  abstract = {Der Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit rechtspopulistische Deutungsmuster mit autokratischen und antidemokratischen Einstellungen verbunden sind und wie sich solche Muster auf die Demokratie auswirken. Dabei verbindet er Daten der Umfrage- und Einstellungsforschung mit Daten der Demokratiemessung und kommt zu dem Schluss, Rechtspopulismus sei als manifeste Gefährdung für die Demokratie anzusehen.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Staat, Rechtsstaat und Demokratie: Konzeptionelle und aktuelle Diskussionen in der vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-38759-4_14},
  editor = {Muno, Wolfgang and Wagner, Christoph and Kestler, Thomas and Mohamad-Klotzbach, Christoph},
  isbn = {9783658387594},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {333-361},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Durch Populismus von der Demokratie zur Autokratie? Von den Beziehungen zwischen subjektiver und objektiver Demokratiemessung},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38759-4_14},
  year = 2022
}

@article{larsen2023seated,
  abstract = {A close reading of the literature on radical right parties (RRPs) suggests that these parties erode trust and solidarity in European democracies when they pit ‘the pure people’ against political and legal institutions, elites, and immigrants. I propose the conjecture that RRPs with seats in the national parliament have better conditions for spreading nativist and populist messages that may erode trust and solidarity between a society’s residents, between ethnic groups, and towards its political and legal institutions. To test this research question, I combine nine waves of European Social Survey data from 17 countries and data on national elections spanning the years 1999 to 2020. Two-way fixed effects models estimate that RRPs representation in the national parliament is associated with a reduction in public support for redistribution of ca. 18% of a standard deviation. Additionally, I demonstrate that this inverse relationship runs parallel to growing welfare chauvinistic beliefs and that it is stronger in countries with weak integration policies. Contra theoretical expectations, the radical rights’ political representation has not produced any change in societal levels of anti-immigration attitudes, institutional trust, or social trust. While the findings persist across a wide range of robustness checks and other model specifications, threats to identification in the form of non-parallel pre-trends and unobserved sources of confounding, means that one should be cautious in interpreting the findings in a causal manner.},
  author = {Larsen, Mikkel Haderup},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736 ; 10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.13052},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755773922000467},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0 ; ZA1950 v1.0.0 ; ZA2900 v1.0.0 ; ZA4700 v1.0.0 ; ZA6900 v2.0.0},
  issn = {17557739},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {57-74},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2016},
  title = {Once they are seated: the impact of radical right parties’ political representation on attitudes of trust and solidarity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773922000467},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2023
}

@article{vogt2022social,
  abstract = {Welfare systems in Europe have fundamentally changed in recent decades: The care paradigm was replaced by a neoliberal one in which social services are increasingly linked to individual behaviour as well as to criteria of belonging or not belonging. Students of Social work grow up in these systems and studies (e.g. Fenton 2020, 2021a) raised the concern that students of social work already internalized the neoliberal narrative of self-responsibility and self-sufficiency. This was the starting point of a European research project, including five Schools of Social Work from Austria, Denmark, England, Germany, and Spain. A survey with over 400 first year students raised the question, what influence do neoliberal narratives have on students’ conceptions of deservingness. This article presents some results of the research project focusing on the following questions: How do students perceive social problems and who do they perceive as deserving and undeserving groups? How authoritarian are the students’ attitudes and to what extent do they affect the explanation of social problems? The results show that the neoliberal narrative seems to have little influence on social work students’ attitudes: They link receiving help less to conditions and are less discriminating between target groups, more likely to hold society responsible for social problems and less authoritarian in their attitudes. Although this alleviates the concerns that students have already internalized the neoliberal narrative, it does not mean that social work education can and should neglect addressing social change processes.},
  author = {Vogt, Stefanie and Grigori, Eva and Werner, Melanie and Spieckermann, Holger},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.55521/10-019-214},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {244-273},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Social Work Students Attitudes towards Deservingness of Social Help: Results of Research in Five European Schools of Social Work},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.55521/10-019-214},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@article{haseth2022ethnic,
  abstract = {There is a rich literature on public support for democracy. However, few have investigated the link between ethnic composition and citizens' desire for democracy. In this study we investigate the relationship between ethnic fractionalization and democratic attitudes in 91 countries in the period 1995-2014. We test this on a measure of public desire for democracy. The main independent variables are a time-variant ethnic fractionalization index and an index of ethnic polarization, based on time-series data from the Composition of Religious Ethnic Groups project. We make use of hierarchical modeling combining country- and individual-level data in order to approach this gap in the research. The main finding is that homogeneous societies show the largest degree of desire for a democratic society within established democracies while increased fractionalization and especially increased polarization is associated with a smaller desire for democracy.},
  author = {Haseth, Jostein and Holum, Marthe L. and Jakobsen, Tor G.},
  doi = {10.1080/13537113.2022.2126107},
  issn = {13537113},
  journal = {Nationalism and Ethnic Politics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {21-38},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Ethnic Composition and Democratic Values: A Global Investigation of Citizens’ Desire for Democracy, 1995–2014},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2022.2126107},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@article{buttler2022employment,
  abstract = {In this paper we analyse why in some countries the difference in subjective well-being between employed and unemployed young individuals is substantial, whereas in others it remains small. The strength of this relationship has important consequences, hence it affects the intensity of the job search by the unemployed as well as the retention and productivity of employees. In the analysis we are focused on youth and young adults who constitute a group particularly exposed to the risks of joblessness, precarious or insecure employment. We expect that in economies where young people are able to find jobs of good quality, the employment–well-being relationship tends to be stronger. However, this relationship also depends on the relative well-being of the young unemployed. Based on the literature on school-to-work transition we have identified macro-level factors shaping the conditions of labour market entry of young people (aged 15–35), which consequently affect their well-being. The estimation of multilevel regression models with the use of the combined dataset from the European Social Survey and macro-level databases has indicated that these are mainly education system characteristics (in particular vocational orientation and autonomy of schools) and labour market policy spending that moderate the employment–well-being relationship of young individuals.},
  author = {Buttler, Dominik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-022-02953-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {409–437},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2008},
  title = {Employment Status and Well-Being Among Young Individuals. Why Do We Observe Cross-Country Differences?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02953-2},
  volume = 164,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{mavruk2022sociodemographics,
  address = {Ankara},
  author = {Mavruk, Can},
  booktitle = {Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Educational and Social Sciences},
  editor = {Kahyaoğlu, Mustafa},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {137-156},
  publisher = {iksad publishing house},
  title = {Socio-Demographics and Satisfaction with Life},
  url = {https://iksadyayinevi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/MULTIDISCIPLINARY-PERSPECTIVES-IN-EDUCATIONAL-AND-SOCIAL-SCIENCES-V.pdf#page=132},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{wiss2022continental,
  abstract = {This chapter deals with the welfare states of Continental European countries.The 1970s defined the golden era of welfare states with very generous benefit levels andhigh expenditure, but since then dysfunctionalities have emerged over time creatingpressure for adaption. After an overview of the origins of social protection, the chapterinvestigates empirically to what extent Continental European welfare states (still) differfrom the welfare state of other countries and how reform trends look like in selected so-cial policy fields. Despite major challenges due to ageing, less stable labour markets, fi-nancial and economic crises as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, the building blocks ofContinental European welfare states such as the dominating role of social insuranceschemes and employment-related social rights are still intact. They still have much incommon and are to certain degrees still different from the other welfare states. How-ever, recent reforms containing both liberal and social-democratic elements, such asretrenchment in public pension schemes and for long-term unemployed on the onehand and more work/family policies and non-contributory universalistic benefits onthe other hand, might indicate slow endogenous changes with the long-term potentialto undermine the original character of Continental European welfare states.},
  address = {Berlin/Boston},
  author = {Wiß, Tobias},
  booktitle = {De Gruyter Handbook of Contemporary Welfare States},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1515/9783110721768-005},
  editor = {Greve, Bent},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {65-84},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  series = {De Gruyter Contemporary Social Sciences Handbooks},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Continental European welfare states},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110721768-005},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2022
}

@article{azizifard2022loves,
  abstract = {The wide adoption of digital technologies in the cultural heritage sector has promoted the emergence of new, distributed ways of working, communicating, and investigating cultural products and services. In particular, collaborative online platforms and crowdsourcing mechanisms have been widely adopted in the effort to solicit input from the community and promote engagement. In this work, we provide an extensive analysis of the Wiki Loves Monuments initiative, an annual, international photography contest in which volunteers are invited to take pictures of the built cultural heritage and upload them to Wikimedia Commons. We explore the geographical, temporal, and topical dimensions across the 2010-2021 editions. We first adopt a set of CNNs-based artificial systems that allow the learning of deep scene features for various scene recognition tasks, exploring cross-country (dis)similarities. To overcome the rigidity of the framework based on scene descriptors, we train a deep convolutional neural network model to label a photo with its country of origin. The resulting model captures the best representation of a heritage site uploaded in a country and it allows the domain experts to explore the complexity of cross-national architectural styles. Finally, as a validation step, we explore the link between architectural heritage and intangible cultural values, operationalized using the framework developed within the World Value Survey research program. We observe that cross-country cultural similarities match to a fair extent the interrelations emerging in the architectural domain. We think this study contributes to highlighting the richness and the potential of the Wikimedia data and tools ecosystem to act as a scientific object for art historians, iconologists, and archaeologists.},
  author = {Azizifard, Narges and Gelauff, Lodewijk and Gransard-Desmond, Jean-Olivier and Redi, Miriam and Schifanella, Rossano},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1145/3569092},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {1556-4673},
  journal = {Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-27},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Wiki Loves Monuments: crowdsourcing the collective image of the worldwide built heritage},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3569092},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2022
}

@book{mcmanus2022presidential,
  abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that macroeconomic outcomes are inferior in countries operating under presidential regimes compared with those with parliaments, with lower levels of economic growth, higher rates of inflation, and higher levels of income inequality in countries with presidential governments. Despite this, more heads of state look to consolidate and build their executive power. This book considers why presidential regimes, in particular, are so bad for the economy. Throughout the book, the authors comprehensively and simultaneously consider the impact of legal, political, and economic institutions on the mechanisms. It is first demonstrated that presidential countries have (on average) inferior outcomes relative to parliamentary states with respect to these institutions and, moreover, with respect to healthcare and human development indicators. Subsequently, the book explores the impact of constitutional choice (parliamentary versus presidential) on both institutions and macroeconomic outcomes. It is documented that having a presidential regime induces weaker institutions, but that quality institutions can mitigate some of the negative impacts of such regimes.},
  address = {London},
  author = {McManus, Richard and Ozkan, Gulcin},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003141242},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Why are Presidential Regimes Bad for the Economy?: Understanding the Link Between Forms of Government and Economic Outcomes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003141242},
  year = 2022
}

@article{bryan2023democracy,
  abstract = {Despite waves of democratic backsliding over the last decade, most global citizens still claim to support democracy. On the other hand, many citizens become more supportive of specific anti-democratic actions when their preferred political side can benefit. How, then, do citizens justify their consistent “explicit support for democracy” with their more malleable support for the implementation of liberal democracy? This paper uses cross-national survey data from 74 countries and two methods—a standard cross-sectional analysis and a within-country variation design—to show that a citizen’s conceptualization of democracy, or what democracy means to them, is subject to partisan-motivated reasoning. In other words, citizens are more likely to conceptualize democracy in illiberal terms, like emphasizing the need for obeying authority, when their preferred political party is in power. The findings suggest one’s conception of democracy can be a fluid attitude that citizens mold to match their partisan self-interest.},
  author = {Bryan, James D.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021 ; 10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140231152784},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0 ; ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1597–1627},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {What Kind of Democracy Do We All Support? How Partisan Interest Impacts a Citizen’s Conceptualization of Democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231152784},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2023
}

@book{hagevi2022party,
  abstract = {Identifying a crisis for representative democracy in Western European party systems, this essential book studies the widening gap between political parties’ ideological economic Left–Right rhetoric. Combining in-depth theoretical analysis with empirical research, it addresses whether political party ideologies are converging or diverging, and whether these changes are initiated by the parties themselves, aligned with voter demand, or forced by economic globalization.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Hagevi, Magnus and Blombäck, Sofie and Demker, Marie and Hinnfors, Jonas and Loxbo, Karl},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12312 ; 10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.4337/9781800884731},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5950 v2.0.0 ; ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  series = {New Horizons in European Politics},
  study-id = {ISSP2013 ; EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Party Realignment in Western Europe: Electoral Drivers and Global Constraints},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800884731},
  year = 2022
}

@article{klima2023impacts,
  abstract = {We tested the impacts of Hofstede’s cultural factors and mode of administration on item nonresponse (INR) for political questions in the European Values Study (EVS). We worked with the integrated European Values Study dataset, using descriptive analysis and multilevel binary logistic regression models. We concluded that (1) modes of administration with an interviewer lead to an INR lower than those without an interviewer. In terms of Hofstede’s cultural factors, we concluded that (2) the higher the power distance index in the country, the lower the INR, (3) the higher the rate of individualism in the country, the higher the INR, and (4) the higher the uncertainty avoidance index, the lower the INR. These findings stress the importance of sensitive work with cross-national data, especially with increasingly abundant data from mixed-mode surveys.},
  author = {Klíma, Ondřej and Lakomý, Martin and Volevach, Ekaterina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/13645579.2023.2175921},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {13645579},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Research Methodology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Impacts of cultural factors and mode of administration on item nonresponse for political questions in the European context},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2023.2175921},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{livny2020extraordinary,
  abstract = {Before the Arab Spring, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region was cited for its low levels of political mobilization, but recent events call for a more systematic study of “protest potential” in MENA and the broader Muslim world. Combining surveys from 141 countries, this chapter identifies a significant participation gap in Muslim-plurality countries: individuals living there are less likely to have participated in politics and are also less likely to self-report being willing to do so, a difference that holds across all demographic categories. After confirming the validity of retrospective and prospective self-reports using a survey of participants in Istanbul’s Gezi Park protests, the chapter explores the role of religion in the Muslim world’s participation gap: while Islam, as a doctrine, does not inhibit activism, certain forms of religiosity do undermine participation. In particular, private beliefs and practices limit protest potential in the Muslim world, while collective religious engagement bolsters it. The latter, the chapter argues, supports activism by helping address the collective action problem underlying mass politics.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Livny, Avital},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.13},
  editor = {Cammett, Melani and Jones, Pauline},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {391-410},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {How Extraordinary Was the Arab Spring? Examining “Protest Potential” in the Muslim World},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.13},
  year = 2020
}

@article{anheier2022managing,
  abstract = {This paper examines the policy approaches and measures that developed market economies countries have adopted to “manage” what has become known as the Dahrendorf Quandary, a profound challenge facing globalizing economies: over time, staying economically competitive requires either adopting measures detrimental to the cohesion of society or restricting civil liberties and political participation. Examining a range of countries over time, it is found that their policy choices and subsequent performance are too varied to support the inevitable, almost mechanical, incompatibility the Quandary implies. While balancing the relationship between economic globalization, social cohesion, and democracy continues to be a major challenge for developed market economies, results show they are not helpless in what Dahrendorf feared to be a Herculean task of “squaring the circle” among incompatible trends. In other words, while the tensions the Quandary posits apply, they nonetheless need not lead to similar or negative outcomes.},
  author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Filip, Alexandru},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1080/13876988.2021.1945418},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = { 583-608},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {“Managing the Impossible?” Comparing How Countries Address the Dahrendorf Quandary},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2021.1945418},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{dekker2022political,
  abstract = {In what seems to be a process of normalization or democratization of political protest, a shift appears to have taken place in the public that is willing to embrace political protest to further their political agendas, at least in Western Europe. After the upheaval of the 1960s and 70s, political protest was predominantly a vehicle of the young and of those wanting to change society along the lines of a progressive agenda. More recently, protest-proneness seems to have become spread more evenly over the population. Our analyses of developments in nine countries using data from the European Values Study for the period 1981-2017 show strong evidence for the growth of protest-proneness, loosening its ties with the young everywhere, but only in some countries with the political left. In all countries, protest proneness is higher in the ‘protest generation’ (born 1941- 1955) than among people born before that period, but the differences compared with people born later fluctuate. },
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Dekker, Paul and Broek, Andries van den},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {362-375},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Is Political Protest in Western Europe Becoming Less of a Prerogative of the Young and of the Left?},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{celic2022financial,
  abstract = {In the context of the EU development strategy based on a climate neutral economy by 2050, an important dilemma for policy makers is how to provide an incentive for companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to make energy efficiency and renewable energy projects their high priority. The aim of this paper is to provide an independent empirical assessment of EU financial instruments and its barriers, used by SMEs targeting energy efficiency and renewable energy. Ex-Ante evaluation was carried out on a sample of 320 SMEs in Istria County, Croatia. The results of the empirical research suggest that despite of a low interest of investors in green projects, the use of the innovative financial instrument would significantly contribute to an increase in the number and value of investments in energy efficiency and renewables. Similar to most of other studies, our results also confirmed that administrative and bureaucratic barriers are perceived as the biggest obstacle for SMEs. It is therefore necessary to reduce the number of bodies involved, improve the quality of information dissemination and simplify procedures.},
  author = {Celic, Florijan and Vlahinic Lenz, Nela},
  doi = {10.32479/ijeep.13216},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {173-185},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {EU Financial Instruments in Practice: SMEs’ investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy in Croatia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13216},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2022
}

@article{peral2022hegemona,
  abstract = {Location on the left-right scale is one of the most widespread ways citizens use to express their political positions in western democracies. There is a large body of literature explaining the factors on which position on the scale is based, mainly, social structure, values and partisanship. This article focuses on citizens’ positions on the left-right scale in Spain using the 2008 and 2017 waves of the European Values Study (EVS) to present a comprehensive explanatory model, including, to our knowledge, the widest spectrum for the value dimension examined to date. We conclude that partisanship is the most important factor in explaining self-positioning on the scale.},
  author = {Peral, Edurne Bartolomé and Calvo, Rafael Leonisio},
  doi = {10.5477/cis/reis.179.21},
  journal = {REIS: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {21-38},
  study = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {La hegemonía de los partidos políticos. El partidismo como factor clave que explica la autoubicación en la escala izquierda-derecha: evidencia desde España (Political Parties Beat Them All. Partisanship as the Key Factor Explaining Self-Placement on the Left-Right Scale: Evidence from Spain)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.179.21},
  volume = 179,
  year = 2022
}

@article{mierina2022measuring,
  abstract = {This article aims to introduce the recent controversies and debates on measurement of religious belonging in Latvia, by providing historical insight, briefly examining legal aspects of data acquisition today and discussing the issue of sociological research into religious identity, religiousness and formal belonging. As religion is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, various approaches have also been used in Latvia for measuring religious belonging and religiousness. Talking about religion, most frequently a person’s religious affiliation is the subject of research; however, due to the different ways the questions are framed, different responses can be received from respondents: the answers to open-ended questions will differ from closed-ended questions. The terminology which is used in the formulation of questions is also important. Furthermore, it is also influenced by socio-political aspects. The measurement of religious belonging has been undertaken with various political goals in different historical periods in Latvia, e.g., tsarist Russia was interested in an increasing number of Orthodox believers, while the Soviet authorities tried to achieve decrease in the number of believers. Today official religious statistics published by the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia is obtained from the Office of Religious Affairs of the Ministry of Justice. However, the data only concerns religious organizations, not individual members. Currently the major controversy concerns whether data on individuals’ religious affiliation should or should not be collected in surveys conducted by the Central Statistical Bureau. The issue is seen as potentially sensitive, similarly to ethnic belonging. On the other hand, it must be noted that in Latvia, there are no religious conflicts, and leaders of major religious denominations maintain positive relationships, hence, there are a few risks that revealing religious denomination could cause any potential harm to the respondent.},
  author = {Mierina, Inta and Stasulane, Anita},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13052},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA6900 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Religiski-filozofiski raksti},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {68-89},
  study = {EVS2017},
  study-id = {ISSP2016},
  title = {Measuring Religious Belonging in Latvia: Controversies and Debates},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1076923},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{prandner2023bevlkerung,
  abstract = {Werte sind handlungsleitende Grundüberzeugungen von Individuen und werden als Beurteilungsgrundlage für das gesellschaftlich als gut und richtig verstandene Verhalten hergezogen. Entsprechend sind Werte ein zentrales Thema in der sozial- und politikwissenschaftlichen Forschung. In den Sozialwissenschaften werden zur Messung von Werten primär die Postmaterialismus/Materialismus Skala von Inglehart und das Modell der universellen menschlichen Werte nach Schwartz herangezogen. Insbesondere das von Schwartz entwickelte Portrait Value Questionnaire (PQV) zur Messung der universellen menschlichen Werte dominiert aktuell die empirische Werteforschung. Die Werthaltung der österreichischen Bevölkerung ist grundsätzlich von einer altruistischen, gemeinschaftsorientierten und solidarischen Einstellung gekennzeichnet, gefolgt von dem Wunsch, dass existierende gesellschaftliche Strukturen bewahrt werden. Der Wert von Wandel und Veränderungen wird vergleichsweise skeptisch beurteilt, wobei sich hier ein Generationenkonflikt abzeichnet. Werte stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit der Bevölkerung und insbesondere der Bevölkerungsstruktur (Sozialstruktur). Das Wechselspiel aus Werten und Sozialstruktur zeigt sich insbesondere darin, dass Alter, Geschlecht und Bildungsstand oftmals zentrale Erklärungsgrößen für bestimmte Ansichten und Weltbilder sind. Zentrale Entwicklungen in der österreichischen Sozialstruktur sind das steigende Durchschnittsalter (2000: 39 Jahre; 2020: 43 Jahre) und eine kontinuierliche Bildungsexpansion (2020 hatten mehr als 19 % der Bevölkerung einen Tertiärabschluss). Insbesondere bei Frauen haben tertiäre Bildungsabschlüsse im Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2020 stark zugenommen. Das umfangreiche Bevölkerungswachstum zwischen 2000 – zirka 8,0 Millionen Personen – und 2020 – zirka 8,9 Millionen Personen – steht in Zusammenhang mit Migration nach Österreich.},
  address = {Wien, Köln},
  author = {Prandner, Dimitri},
  booktitle = {Das Politische System Österreichs: Basiswissen und Forschungseinblicke},
  doi = {10.7767/9783205215950},
  editor = {Praprotnik, Katrin and Perlot, Flooh},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  m-study = {ALLBUS2018},
  pages = {73-100},
  publisher = {Böhlau Verlag},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Bevölkerung und Werte},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7767/9783205215950},
  year = 2023
}

@article{pastarmadzhieva2022transformation,
  abstract = {Over the last few centuries the industrial revolution has increased the number of people with better living standard. Alongside, it has various negative results, especially on the environment. Thus, the second half of the XXth century and the beginning of the XXI century have been marked by shift in the policies towards more environment protection. The new scientific research and the devastating results on nature and human health caused many national, supranational, and international organizations to focus their targets on the protection of the nature. Numerous reasons for such shift can be identified and one of them is believed to be the transformation of the social values. According to various authors, the postmaterialist values are basis for more orientations towards environmental protection on personal level. Thus, the aim of the current research is to identify if the national postmaterialist values are associated with the levels of the countries' environmental performance. The object of the research is a selection of European countries and the focus is the post-materialist index of these countries and its association with the environmental performance index. Sources of data are European Values Study (waves 2 and 5) and Environmental Performance Index.},
  author = {Pastarmadzhieva, Daniela and Angelova, Mina},
  doi = {10.1063/5.0090672},
  issn = {0094243X},
  journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Transformation of social values in the process of industrialization and its effect on environmental protection},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0090672},
  volume = 2449,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{voicu2022changes,
  abstract = {Subjective importance of work is core to work values and subject to change in recent decades, as a decreasing salience is being noticed in post modern ages (Halman, 1999). This happens in a Europe that undergoes a process of individualization that includes changes in work values (Halman, 1996), and in which migrations bring people from one societal context to another, including in such way the change of the culture to which they are exposed (Rudnev, 2014; Voicu, 2014). This chapter shows that migration comes with a shift in value orientations, that leads to mixing the values in the country of origin with the ones in the host society, which become more important. The results bring support for both the socialization hypothesis (Inglehart, 1997) and the institutionalization assumption (Arts, 2011), showing their complementarity with respect to work values. In contrast to the culture of work in the society of origin, the culture of work in the host society proves to be more influential for immigrants. A process of acculturation but not assimilation is therefore observed because both cultures continue to be influential. },
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Voicu, Bogdan},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {320-333},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Changes in Work Values Under the Influence of International Migration},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@book{kuche2022marginalisierte,
  abstract = {Subjektive Faktoren wie Emotionen von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund sind bisher ein Randthema in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung. Daher untersucht die Studie migrantische Emotionserfahrungen im Zuge von Integrationsprozessen. Drei Forschungsfragen leiten die Untersuchung: "Gibt es emotionale Unterschiede zwischen Migrant*innen aus unterschiedlichen Herkunftsländern und der Aufnahmebevölkerung?", "Wie entwickeln sich emotionale Befindlichkeiten von Migrant*innen im Zeitverlauf?", "Welchen Einfluss üben sonstige Integrationsprozesse auf die emotionale Integration aus?". Für die Beantwortung der Fragen wird u.a. auf innovative Ansätze aus der Emotionssoziologie und Kulturpsychologie zurückgegriffen. Die abgeleiteten Hypothesen werden anhand der Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP), einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsstichprobe Deutschlands überprüft. Die Studie legt offen, dass emotionale Unterschiede zwischen Personen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund sowie in Abhängigkeit der kulturellen Distanz bestehen, welche sich durch das häufigere Auftreten von negativen Emotionserfahrungen für Migrant*innen äußern. Diese Unterschiede nehmen im Zeitverlauf eher zu oder stagnieren. Dabei stehen diese hauptsächlich in Zusammenhang mit wahrgenommenen Benachteiligungserfahrungen und einem Mangel an transnationalen Kontakten.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Kuche, Coline},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-39261-1},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Marginalisierte Gefühlswelten: Eine empirische Untersuchung der emotionalen Integrationsverläufe von Migrant*innen in Deutschland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39261-1},
  year = 2022
}

@article{butkovic2023gains,
  abstract = {This article explores the experiences of trade unions in Croatia and Poland with societal power resources as a source of trade union revitalisation in the post-2008 crisis period. In the context of limited structural, organisational and institutional power resources, Croatian and Polish trade unions attempted to build their societal power through the revitalisation strategies of coalition building and political action. The paper compares three similar, partially successful campaigns run in both countries, on pensions, Sunday trading and precarious work. Our findings show that gains in societal power alone cannot fully compensate for the erosion of conventional sources of trade union power. Such a configuration of power resources runs the danger of trade union demands being taken up by populist forces wanting to increase their own legitimacy, rather than furthering workers’ interests. Therefore, what starts as an attempt at union revitalisation based on the novel use of societal resources could easily end up as ‘captured innovation’ by populist forces.},
  author = {Butković, Hrvoje and Czarzasty, Jan and Mrozowicki, Adam},
  doi = {10.1177/09596801221138776},
  issn = {09596801},
  journal = {European Journal of Industrial Relations},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {43–61},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Gains and pitfalls of coalitions: Societal resources as sources of trade union power in Croatia and Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/09596801221138776},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@article{ganau2023firmlevel,
  abstract = {We analyze the firm-level labor productivity growth returns of social capital—defined as a synthetic measure of “generalized trust,” “active participation,” and “social norms”—using a large sample of manufacturing firms in France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. We find that firms' labor productivity growth is higher in areas with a better social capital endowment. The positive returns of social capital are, nevertheless, unevenly distributed across firms, with smaller, less productive, less capital-endowed, and low-tech firms benefitting the most from operating in strong social capital ecosystems.},
  author = {Ganau, Roberto and Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés},
  doi = {10.1111/jors.12636},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {00224146},
  journal = {Journal of Regional Science},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {529-551},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Firm-level productivity growth returns of social capital: Evidence from Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12636},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2023
}

@article{havasi2022power,
  abstract = {In the study we examine the pulling, pushing and pulling back factors and events that influenced civil activism in Hungary between 2010-2022, which was the period of the birth of illiberal democracy in the country. We describe-relying on newspaper reports-the most important events and campaigns in the given period and their eectiveness. In Hungary citizenship activity is at a low level, even within Central-Europe. The viability of civil society is decreasing, especially in terms of financing opportunities, legal environment, image of civil sphere and ability to interest representation. We found that between 2010-2022 the presence of grievances as triggers was constant in the country, while the opportunity structures for action narrowed somewhat, but the illiberal Hungarian system is restrictive and not oppressive. There is a way to protest, to act in a different way, and actions do take place, but it is rarely possible to influence decision-makers-mostly in simple matters that affect everyone. However, social movements do not only foght for instrumental goals, but they also mobilise people, build organisations, contribute to self-development, form collective identity and (re)socialise the participants. These are important consequences even if the instrumental goals are not achieved.},
  author = {Havasi, Virág},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.2478/pce-2022-0022},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Politics in Central Europe},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {499-529},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Power and powerlessness of the civil society in Hungarian illiberal democracy between 2010–2022},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/pce-2022-0022},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2022
}

@article{bodor2022embertrsakba,
  abstract = {Based on various databases from a longer time frame, the paper reviews the most commonly applied survey tools used for the measurement of trust towards fellow human beings. The well-known international surveys aim to address the phenomenon of trust towards unknown others in different ways. These approaches are focused on certain distinct dimensions of the common theoretical background. However, all of the examined survey tools in this paper are considered as steady and refined questionnaire techniques in the literature. Therefore, a comparative analysis of these survey items helps to better understand their functionality, as well as the results they provide. The review of the examined databases draws special attention to Hungary in order to better describe the Hungarian trends and specificities of trust towards fellow human beings.},
  author = {Bodor, Ákos and Hegedűs, Márk and Grünhut, Zoltán},
  doi = {10.32564/126.3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA3190 ; ZA3950 ; ZA4850 ; ZA4950 ; ZA6670 ; ZA6980},
  issn = {08658188},
  journal = {Replika - Journal of Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {33-50},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2014 ; ISSP2017},
  title = {Az embertársakba vetett bizalom Magyarországon a hagyományos kérdőíves eszközök alapján (Trust Towards Fellow Human Beings in Hungary According to the Most Commonly Applied Survey Tools)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32564/126.3},
  volume = 126,
  year = 2022
}

@article{ogrady2023ideological,
  abstract = {Prominent theories claim that young Europeans are increasingly socialist as well as divided from their elders on non-economic issues. This paper asks whether age-based polarisation is really growing in Europe, using new estimates of the ideological positions of different age groups in 27 European countries across four issue domains from 1981 to 2018. The young in Europe turn out to be relatively libertarian: more socially liberal than the old in most countries but also more opposed to taxation and government spending. These age divides are not growing either: today's differences over social issues and immigration are similar in size to the 1980s, and if anything are starting to fall. Analysis of birth cohorts points to persistent cohort effects and period effects as the explanation for these patterns; there is little evidence that European cohorts become uniformly more right-wing or left-wing with age. Hence age-based polarisation need not be a permanent or natural feature of European politics but is dependent on the changing social, political and economic climate.},
  author = {O'Grady, Tom},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10926 ; 10.4232/1.10935 ; 10.4232/1.10956 ; 10.4232/1.1490 ; 10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.4700 ; 10.4232/1.12994 ; 10.4232/1.1680 ; 10.4232/1.2310 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.11506 ; 10.4232/1.2450 ; 10.4232/1.3440 ; 10.4232/1.11418 ; 10.4232/1.2880 ; 10.4232/1.10077 ; 10.4232/1.1700 ; 10.4232/1.2620 ; 10.4232/1.11564 ; 10.4232/1.12022 ; 10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12575},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2936 v1.0.1 ; ZA3296 v1.0.1 ; ZA3905 v1.0.1 ; ZA1490 v1.00 ; ZA1950 v1.0.0 ; ZA2900 v1.0.0 ; ZA4700 v1.0.0 ; ZA6900 v2.0.0 ; ZA1680 v1.0.0 ; ZA2310 v1.0.0 ; ZA3430 v1.0.0 ; ZA5400 v4.0.0 ; ZA2450 v1.0.0 ; ZA3440 v1.0.0 ; ZA5500 v2.0.0 ; ZA2880 v1.0.0 ; ZA3910 v2.0.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0 ; ZA1700 v1.0.0 ; ZA2620 v1.0.0 ; ZA3880 v1.1.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0 ; ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {03044130},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1389-1402},
  study-id = {EB47.1 ; EB53.0 ; EB59.2 ; ISSP1985  ; ISSP1987 ; ISSP1988 ; ISSP1990 ; ISSP1992 ; ISSP1993 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2000 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2010 ; ISSP2012 ; ISSP2013 ; ISSP2016 ; EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Is ideological polarisation by age group growing in Europe?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12575},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2023
}

@article{cascavilla2023morale,
  abstract = {Despite the extensive literature examining determinants of tax morale, little is still known about the relationship between the associational involvement of citizens and their willingness to pay taxes. Given the insights offered by the social capital literature regarding the role of voluntary organizations in shaping civic engagement, this study empirically investigates how membership of different types of associations could influence individual tax morale in Europe. With this in mind, we exploit the information available in the fifth wave of the European Values Study for citizens of 34 countries. Unlike previous studies on tax morale, we classify the types of voluntary associations depending on their potential to build out-group “bridging” or in-group “bonding” social ties. In this study, to carry out the classification, three alternative approaches are considered which are based on the sociodemographic heterogeneity within associations, the interconnections between them, and a combination of both. Our findings show that, after controlling for different individual characteristics and country-specific unobserved heterogeneity, those survey respondents involved in bridging associations tend to exhibit higher levels of tax morale, while the opposite is found for bonding associations. The results are quite robust for the three approaches and different estimation strategies, including an instrumental-variables methodology.},
  author = {Cascavilla, Alessandro and Ripollés, Jordi and Morone, Andrea},
  doi = {10.1111/apce.12443},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {13704788},
  journal = {Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {441-476},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Tax morale and social capital: An empirical investigation among European citizens},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12443},
  volume = 95,
  year = 2024
}

@article{nikodem2022trust,
  abstract = {Trust in healthcare systems and physicians is considered important for the delivery of good healthcare. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random three-stage sample of the general population of Croatia (N = 1230), stratified by regions. Of respondents, 58.7% displayed a high or very high level of trust in the healthcare system, 65.6% in physicians, and 78.3% in their family physician. Respondents&rsquo; views regarding patients&rsquo; roles in the discussion of treatment options, confidence in physicians&rsquo; expertise, and underlying motives of physicians were mixed. Respondents with a lower level of education, those with low monthly incomes, and those from smaller settlements had lower levels of trust in physicians and the healthcare system. Trust in other institutions, religiosity and religious beliefs, tolerance of personal choice, and experience of caring for the seriously ill and dying were predictors of trust in healthcare and physicians. Our findings suggest that levels of healthcare-related trust in Croatia are increasing in comparison with previous research, but need improvement. Levels of trust are lowest in populations that are most vulnerable and most in need of care and protection.},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav and Ćurković, Marko and Borovečki, Ana},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.3390/ijerph19020993},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {16604601},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Trust in the Healthcare System and Physicians in Croatia: A Survey of the General Population},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020993},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{halman2023transformations,
  abstract = {In this chapter, we investigate the claim of secularisation theory that the impact of religion on end-of-life moral issues such as abortion, euthanasia, and suicide in various regions in Europe has declined. We distinguish between five regions in Europe based on important historical and contemporary religious and secular characteristics: Northern, Western, Southern, and Eastern European countries and ex-Soviet countries. We further elaborate on the idea that religious beliefs and religious practices are separate aspects of religion. The analyses yield evidence for the relationship between both religious beliefs and end-of-life morality on the one hand and religious practices and end-of-life morality on the other. As expected, religious beliefs appear less strongly associated with this kind of morality than does religious attendance. Those who frequently attend religious services are clearly stricter than individuals who attend religious services less frequently or never. However, it must be acknowledged that the impact of religion on morality is not as strong as might have been anticipated; nor do the analyses provide strong evidence of declining levels in the impact of religion on morality. Moreover, we observe very heterogeneous patterns of change in both secularisation and end-of-life morality between regions and, within regions, between countries.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Sieben, Inge},
  booktitle = {Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study: In-depth Analysis – Interdisciplinary Perspectives – Future Prospects},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_4},
  editor = {Polak, Regina and Rohs, Patrick},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 ; ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783031313646},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {englisch},
  pages = {125-154},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Transformations in the Religious and Moral Landscape in Europe?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_4},
  year = 2023
}

@article{halman2022religieland,
  abstract = {Grace Davie’s (1994) famous characterization of European religiosity in terms of believing without belonging triggered us to elaborate in a more sophisticated way on the interplay between religious beliefs and religious belonging. Using latent class cluster analysis, we explored to what extent there are clusters of people with distinct religious profiles which resemble Davie’s categories, and whether, and if so how they have changed over time. Analyses of the survey data from the European Values Study lead to the conclusion that Davie’s idea can be confirmed, however, only to a very limited extent. There appears strong evidence for the existence of a group of what David Voas (2009) has identified as fuzzy believers. We also concluded that European religious diversity persist and the cross-temporal analysis indicates that a clear distinction has emerged between a small group of countries whose citizens can be predominantly characterized as conventional believers and a larger group of countries with a mixture of fuzzy believers, unconventional believers who do not belong, and conventional religious believers.},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Gelissen, John},
  doi = {10.54195/RS.11861},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  journal = {Religie & Samenleving},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {28-49},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Wat is er aan de hand in religieland?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.54195/RS.11861},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2022
}

@article{fervers2022local,
  abstract = {In spite of increasing levels of female employment, having a child below school age often goes along with a substantial decrease in employment engagement for women. Consequently, previous family policy research suggests that increasing childcare availability might be a promising tool to facilitate maternal employment as it increases the economic incentive to take up work. Another line of reasoning highlights that cultural attitudes towards maternal employment are equally important in shaping the employment decisions of mothers. In this article, we combine insights of both approaches and argue that culture, in addition to its direct effect on maternal employment, moderates the impact of childcare policies. In particular, we argue that the positive effect of childcare may be weaker in more conservative cultural contexts. To assess this question empirically, we exploit the implementation of a centralised childcare reform in Poland as a natural experiment by means of a regression discontinuity design. Relying on individual-level data on employment and regional-level information on the influence of conservatism in a certain region, we run multilevel regressions with cross-level interaction terms to estimate the effect of the reform depending on the local cultural context. Consistent with our theoretical expectations, the impact of the reform is rather strong in less conservative areas but fades away in increasingly conservative contexts. Supplementary analyses reveal that the effect also differs with regard to household composition, with smaller families displaying larger gains in maternal employment. These findings confirm that conservative cultural attitudes appear to suppress the positive effect of increasing childcare availability.},
  author = {Fervers, Lukas and Kurowska, Anna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1177/09589287221080395},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {09589287},
  journal = {Journal of European Social Policy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Local cultural context as a moderator of the impact of childcare on maternal employment: Evidence from a natural experiment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/09589287221080395},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{karacuka2022digitalization,
  abstract = {Information and communication technologies shape, direct, and deter political behaviour and institutions as the increase in internet usage regulate our daily lives. The advance of internet and digital media also shape political involvement, partisanship, and ideology. Internet, as the new media, is an important information source that shapes political behaviour along with other effects on societal layers. The new technologies provide a platform for the voices of minorities and disadvantaged communities, therefore urging a pluralist agenda. They are also blamed for the recent rise of populism and polarisation by creating echo-chambers, filter-bubbles, and the “fake news.” In this study, the authors analyse the possible effects of internet usage on political polarisation and ideological extremism by utilising World Values Survey Wave 7 Data for 40 countries. The findings show that internet usage and education level decrease extremism, while safety, work anxiety, and religiosity drive people to the extreme.},
  address = {Hershey},
  author = {Karacuka, Mehmet and Inke, Hakan and Haucap, Justus},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Research on Digital Violence and Discrimination Studies},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.4018/978-1-7998-9187-1.ch022},
  editor = {Özsungur, Fahri},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {506-526},
  publisher = {IGI Global},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Digitalization and Political Extremism},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9187-1.ch022},
  year = 2022
}

@article{kirkland2022social,
  abstract = {People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice – known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance – a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies.},
  author = {Kirkland, Kelly and Van Lange, Paul A. M. and Van Doesum, Niels J. and Acevedo-Triana, Cesar and Amiot, Catherine E. and Ausmees, Liisi and Baguma, Peter and Barry, Oumar and Becker, Maja and Bilewicz, Michal and Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn and Castelain, Thomas and Costantini, Giulio and Dimdins, Girts and Espinosa, Agustín and Finchilescu, Gillian and Fischer, Ronald and Friese, Malte and Gómez, Ángel and González, Roberto and Goto, Nobuhiko and Halama, Peter and Ilustrisimo, Ruby D. and Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M. and Kuppens, Peter and Loughnan, Steve and Markovik, Marijana and Mastor, Khairul A. and McLatchie, Neil and Novak, Lindsay M. and Onyishi, Ike E. and Peker, Müjde and Rizwan, Muhammad and Schaller, Mark and Suh, Eunkook M. and Swann, William B. and Tong, Eddie M. W. and Torres, Ana and Turner, Rhiannon N. and Vauclair, Christin-Melanie and Vinogradov, Alexander and Wang, Zhechen and Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan and Bastian, Brock},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-25538-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {20452322},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Social mindfulness predicts concern for nature and immigrants across 36 nations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25538-y},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2022
}

@article{visuri2023supernatural,
  abstract = {Sweden is often described as a highly secularised country, but we know little of the actual worldviews among youths in Swedish classrooms. The current article has two aims: to examine ambiguous positions concerning supernatural phenomena among young Swedes, and to initiate a discussion about how teachers in religion education (RE) can use such ambiguity to bridge between pupils with secular and religious identities. In a sample of 302 young, urban Swedes (16–25 years old), we examined (1) self-reported (non-)belief in supernatural beings, (2) what they believe happens after death, and (3) if they report any supernatural experiences. The results illustrate that the majority held some kind of belief in the supernatural (the “Some”). Among the Nones who rejected such beliefs, a fifth yet described experiences which involved supernatural beings (e.g., spirits). To understand this contradiction, we employ cognitive theories on the tendency to attribute agency to supernatural powers that explain people’s intuitive conceptualisation of the supernatural. We argue that such ambiguity provides an interesting space where pupils can use their personal experiences to better understand peers with other worldviews, while also exploring their own worldviews. To highlight the importance of describing secularity as an equally complex phenomenon as religiosity, we also introduce the term secular literacy. The ultimate purpose is to bridge the problematic gap between Us (who are secular) and Them (who are religious), which is also an explicit goal in the RE syllabus.},
  author = {Visuri, Ingela and Rimondini, Andreas and Brulin, Joel Gruneaun},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.5617/adno.9228},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Acta Didactica Norden},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-28},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Supernatural post-mortem beliefs among the Some and the Nones: Ambiguity as a tool for rethinking the ‘secular’ pupil in Swedish religion education},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5617/adno.9228},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2023
}

@article{magniberton2021development,
  abstract = {As mentioned in the previous two articles in this dossier on the evolution of Europeans’ values, Futuribles has been interested for many years in how value systems develop and in studying their transformation — particularly from the surveys carried out every 9-10 years as part of the European Values Study. After Pierre Bréchon’s article on the major lessons to be learned from the last round of surveys (2017-18) when compared with earlier ones (1990, 1999 and 2008), and Gilles Ivaldi’s article on the rise of populism, Raul Magni Berton examines the stance Europeans take toward a number of ethical (marriage, sexuality etc.) and civic questions (fraud, corruption etc.), the cultural and geographical characteristics that emerge from this and the broad trends the analysis reveals. In so doing, he highlights a generalized progression towards more tolerance with regard to the behaviour of others, but a twofold division between, on the one hand, the countries of Eastern and Western Europe (with the fact of their being EU members or not adding a further distinct coloration) and, on the other, between ethical issues (where there is greater tolerance) and civic ones (on which intolerance is more evident). Lastly, by comparison with past developments, the trend within the European Union is clearly towards a homogenization of the values of tolerance.},
  author = {Magni-Berton, Raùl},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.443.0039},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 4,
  pages = {39-50},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The development of tolerance in Europe: The contrast between ethical and civic issues},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/futur.443.0039},
  volume = 443,
  year = 2021
}

@article{hamplova2022choosing,
  abstract = {In this paper, we explore the patterns of assortative mating among college-educated women who graduated from typically female, typically male, or mixed disciplines. Using a set of cross-sectional observations of a single cohort of female graduates (2010) from European Union Labour Force Survey data and applying multilevel multinomial logit models, we estimated the relative risk of living with a college-educated partner (homogamy), living with less educated partner (hypogamy), or being single. Focusing on the first five years after graduation, the analysis demonstrated that field of study is a significant predictor of mating behaviour. Women with degrees in male-dominated fields are less likely to partner down with less educated men. The mating advantage of women from male-dominated fields is stronger in countries with a higher female employment rate. Furthermore, more liberal gender roles seem to increase the level of singlehood among women from male-dominated fields. Finally, women from female-dominated and mixed disciplines are more likely to partner down if the man graduated from a male-typical discipline. However, among women from male-dominated disciplines, such a trade-off was not observed.},
  author = {Hamplová, Dana and Bičáková, Alena},
  doi = {10.1007/s10680-022-09621-8},
  issn = {15729885},
  journal = {European Journal of Population},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {861-883},
  study = {EU-LFS 2010-2015 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Choosing a Major and a Partner: Field of Study and Union Formation Among College-Educated Women in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09621-8},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2022
}

@article{freude2022articulacin,
  abstract = {Social research has identified racism and homophobia as two of the great challenges for contemporary societies. The syndrome of group focused enmity (SGE) and homonationalism represent two apparently opposite concepts in understanding the relationship between racism and homophobia. In this article we analyse this relationship considering the values of the population of Austria, France, Spain, and the Netherlands, based on data from the European Values Study 2017. We use the method of structural and articulated typology, with analysis of correspondences and classification analysis. Our results lead us to partially confirm the adequacy of both SEG and homonationalism to explain the relationship between racism and homophobia. On the one hand, racism was higher than homophobia in all groups. On the other hand, we obtained a moderately racist and slightly homophobic group, another racist and homophobic group and only in a very minority group tendencies towards a genuinely inclusive society were visualized.},
  author = {Freude, Leon},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1739},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Quaderns de Psicologia},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {La articulación del racismo y la homofobia en los valores de la población europea (The articulation of racism and homophobia in the values of the European population)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1739},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{iglic2007institutions,
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Iglič, Hajdeja and Kovačič, Helena},
  booktitle = {Lokale politische Eliten und Fragen der Legitimation},
  doi = {10.5771/9783845205236-179},
  editor = {Pähle, Katja and Reiser, Marion},
  keywords = {2007 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {179-196},
  publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft },
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The role of institutions in raising the political engagement in new democracies: The case of Slovenia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845205236-179},
  year = 2007
}

@article{persson2023slight,
  abstract = {Several recent studies have found unequal policy responsiveness, meaning that the policy preferences of high-income citizens are better reflected in implemented policies than the policy preferences of low-income citizens. This has been found mainly in a few studies from the US and a small number of single-country studies from Western Europe. However, there is a lack of comparative studies that stake out the terrain across a broader group of countries. We analyze survey data on the policy preferences of about 3,000 policy proposals from thirty European countries over nearly forty years, combined with information on whether each policy proposal was implemented or not. The results from the cross-country data confirm the general pattern from previous studies that policies supported by the rich are more likely to be implemented than those supported by the poor. We also test four explanations commonly found in the literature: whether unequal responsiveness is exacerbated by (a) high economic inequality, (b) the absence of campaign finance regulations, (c) low union density, and (d) low voter turnout.},
  author = {Persson, Mikael and Sundell, Anders},
  doi = {10.1017/S0007123423000066},
  issn = {00071234},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {514-525},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP ; Eurobarometer ; CSES},
  title = {The Rich Have a Slight Edge: Evidence from Comparative Data on Income-Based Inequality in Policy Congruence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123423000066},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2024
}

@article{maineri2022switch,
  abstract = {In this study, we investigate whether, and why, individuals express different levels of acceptance of surveillance depending on their educational level, and whether this relationship varies with the level of digitalization and globalization expansion of their country. Additionally, we ask whether the type of surveillance (online surveillance vs cameras in public areas) conditions these differences. We build on two theoretical frameworks, one concerned with the resurgence of authoritarian values via the cultural backlash, and the other one explaining how different people analyse manufactured risks differently due to processes of reflexive modernization. In order to test the hypotheses, we employ data from the latest wave of the European Values Study (EVS) and implement multilevel multivariate regression models. Findings indicate that the lower educated individuals are more prone to accept online surveillance, due to their stronger authoritarianism and weaker reflexive mindset; however, there is no educational gradient in acceptance of video surveillance in public areas. Additionally, the countries? levels of digitalization and globalization expansion do not condition the educational gradient in acceptance of surveillance.},
  author = {Maineri, Angelica M. and Achterberg, P. and Luijkx, R.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2022.2043412},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {14616696},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {628-656},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Switch on the Big Brother! Investigating the educational gradients in acceptance of online and public areas surveillance among European citizens},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2022.2043412},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2022
}

@article{vuckovic2022trust,
  abstract = {The purpose of the paper is to analyse the effects of interpersonal trust in business relations (proxied by trade credit) and institutional trust (proxied by firms’ trust in courts) on firms’ performance. The analysis is performed on a specific sample of 1298 firms in Western Balkan countries which are usually characterized by negative social capital that is considered to hinder economic and social development at all levels. The methodological approach is based on the propensity score matching method and the obtained results show that firms’ perception of courts as fair, impartial and uncorrupted, is connected with lower costs and with positive expectations of an increase in sales in the upcoming period. On the other side, trade credit as a trust variable has a statistically significant and positive effect on firm productivity measured as sales per employee and on expectations of an increase in sales in the upcoming period. The paper contributes to the existing literature in terms of the choice of the post-socialist groups of countries for the analysis, the method that is used (treatment-effects estimation), and in terms of performing firm-level analysis of the effects of two types of trust on selected variables of firm performance.},
  author = {Vučković, Valentina and Škuflić, Lorena and Mangafić, Jasmina},
  doi = {10.1080/1331677X.2022.2142255},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {1331677X},
  journal = {Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Trust and firms’ performance in Western Balkan countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2142255},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kelle2023strangers,
  abstract = {"In our paper we discuss and criticize an idea which is often taken for granted in methodological discourses about mixed methods: namely that social researchers in general and mixed methods researchers in particular have to adopt a specific epistemological paradigm (a set of beliefs which have to be accepted a priori) before they can meaningfully perform research. By examining different versions of this model of paradigm-bound methodology which Yvonna LINCOLN and Egon GUBA had developed between the 1980s and 2010s, we will discuss implications of the notion paradigm and show that several of the paradigms proposed as the basis of research (e.g., positivism or constructivism) are ill-defined, lack coherence and are only superficially related to actual developments in the history of philosophical thought or contemporary epistemological debates. As an alternative to paradigm-bound methodology we will propose that researchers apply methods in an epistemologically informed way by employing epistemological concepts not as immutable givens but as heuristic devices which are used to identify and solve methodological problems. We will exemplify our approach by means of data from our own mixed methods study in which we simultaneously drew on realist and constructivist concepts to foster the understanding of contradictory statistical results." Die Daten des ALLBUS aus dem Jahr 2018 werden in diesem Beitrag als Vergleichsdatensatz verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 38. Fassung, Dezember 2023},
  author = {Kelle, Udo and Reith, Florian},
  availability = {22.12.2023},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13250 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.17169/fqs-24.1.4015},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5270 v2.0.0 ; ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-28},
  study-id = {ALLBUS2018 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Strangers in Paradigms!? Alternatives to Paradigm-Bound Methodology and Methodological Confessionalism},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-24.1.4015},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2023
}

@book{chung2022flexibility,
  abstract = {Does flexible working really provide a better work-life balance? Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, flexible working has become the norm for many workers. This volume offers an original examination of flexible working using data from 30 European countries and drawing on studies conducted in Australia, the US and India. Rather than providing a better work-life balance, the book reveals how flexible working can lead to exploitation, which manifests differently for women and men, such as more care responsibilities or increased working hours. Taking a critical stance, this book investigates the potential risks and benefits of flexible working and provides crucial policy recommendations for overcoming the negative consequences.},
  address = {Bristol},
  author = {Chung, Heejung},
  doi = {10.51952/9781447354796},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Policy Press},
  study = {ISSP1989 ; ISSP1997 ; ISSP2015},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Flexibility Paradox: Why Flexible Working Leads to (Self-)Exploitation},
  year = 2022
}

@article{akaliyski2023ukrainian,
  abstract = {An important question in understanding the war in Ukraine is whether Russian President Putin’s claim that Russians and Ukrainians are ‘one people’ or whether the statement made by European Union Commission President von der Leyen, echoing Ukrainian government’s position, that Ukraine is ‘one of us’ receives more support. In our contribution, we assess the societal values endorsed in Ukraine, and test whether they resemble those of Russia or Western Europe. After reviewing arguments brought by the ‘Clash of Civilizations’, Modernization, Social Identity, and Nation Building theories, we analyze the most recent data from the European Values Study and World Values Survey (2017-2021). Constructing an EU-values index, including gender equality, individual freedom, and liberal democracy, among others, we show that while values in Ukraine are closer to Russia than virtually any European Union country, there are clear differences that are especially salient among younger age cohorts. Further, we refute Huntington’s claim that Ukraine is a ‘cleft’ country by showing that regional variation within Ukraine is rather minimal. We conclude with an interpretation of these findings in light of political debates and prominent theoretical approaches to studying values.},
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen and Reeskens, Tim},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2023.2206901},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {14616696},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {522-551},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Ukrainian values: between the Slavic-Orthodox legacy and Europe’s allure},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2023.2206901},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{sosa2022cuestionario,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Sosa, Luciana},
  booktitle = {De lo viejo a lo nuevo: Teorías, métodos e instituciones de la investigación en comunicación},
  editor = {Barranquero, Alejandro and Rodríguez Gómez, Eduardo Francisco},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Dykinson},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {El cuestionario como herramienta para el estudio de nuevos retos sociales: desinformación, dieta mediática y alfabetización mediática en futuros profesores},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{muffels2022income,
  abstract = {The basic idea is to view the effects of objective and subjective modernization on subjective wellbeing (SWB). Objective modernisation refers to the nation’s socio-economic development, indicated by GDP, absolute and relative income, and income inequality. Subjective modernization refers to people’s modernization values including work and social values. Modernisation values used are (post-)materialism and gender-role and leisure time values. Work and social values pertain to work ethos and intrinsic or extrinsic work orientations and to trust in other people and the importance of family and friends and how leisure time is valued. The EVS data used cover a period of 20 years. A multi-level regression model has been estimated with modernisation indicators on country and individual level and controls for gender, age, personal income, health and health behaviour (sports). The story found is clear. The findings illustrate the strong effects of absolute and relative income for people’s happiness, but, allegedly, more interesting are the strong effects of work and social values on SWB and the smaller but significant effects of all modernisation values which appear rather stable over time. People who hold strong social values gain in happiness because they engage more in social networks and relationships. },
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Muffels, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Reflections on European Values: Honouring Loek Halman's contribution to the European Values Study},
  editor = {Luijkx, Ruud and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {348-361},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Income, Values and Subjective Wellbeing in Europe: Results From the EVS 1999-2017 Data},
  url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/61757221/LiberAmicorum.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{liversage2022janusfaced,
  abstract = {Utilising interviews with immigrant women and frontline workers, this article discusses the role of the state in relation to immigrant women’s divorces. The article argues that the state has a Janus face when it comes to such women’s “intimate belonging”. On the one hand, state legislation both legally enables female-initiated divorce and supports divorced mothers economically. Accordingly, frontline workers generally back immigrant women who seek to leave troubled marriages. On the other hand, different parts of Danish legislation may place divorcing women at risk of losing their residency rights—a risk which has increased in recent years. Furthermore, while divorce may improve a woman’s life situation if she remains in Denmark, it may jeopardise her life if she returns to her country of origin. What constitutes “good help” for women who are facing the vital conjuncture of potentially divorcing their husbands is, thus, entangled with the increasingly unpredictable issue of where such women’s futures will come to unfold. This unpredictability challenges how social work should be carried out—a conundrum which Danish frontline workers seemingly have not fully realised. Presently, the situation means that such workers in reality may endanger the lives of the women whom they seek to support.},
  author = {Liversage, Anika},
  doi = {10.3390/genealogy6020039},
  issn = {23135778},
  journal = {Genealogy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-14},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {A Janus-Faced State - Uncertain Futures and Frontline Workers’ Support for Immigrant Women Experiencing Abuse},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6020039},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{serrasilva2022associativismo,
  abstract = {Qual é a relação dos cidadãos portugueses com os grupos de interesse que constituem o tecido social português? Esta é a principal questão a que procuramos responder empiricamente ao longo deste capítulo. Mobilizando uma das abordagens próprias da ciência política — inquérito de opinião —, retrata-se a relação dos cidadãos portugueses com os grupos de interesse na sociedade portuguesa, por meio da análise de diferentes dimensões: envolvimento associativo e participação política, e as opiniões e avaliações dos Portugueses face às associações voluntárias da sociedade civil, aprofundando assim o debate sobre a representação política e o desempenho dos grupos de interesse.},
  address = {Lisbon},
  author = {Serra-Silva, Sofia and Oliveira, Rui},
  booktitle = {Os Grupos de Interesse no Sistema Político Português},
  editor = {Lisi, Marco},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {39-78},
  publisher = { Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos },
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Associativismo, participação política e atitudes cívicas: uma radiografia da relação dos cidadãos com os grupos de interesse em Portugal },
  url = {https://www.tsf.pt/Galerias/PDF/2022/06/gruposinteresse.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@book{bartels2023democracy,
  abstract = {A seeming explosion of support for right-wing populist parties has triggered widespread fears that liberal democracy is facing its worst crisis since the 1930s. Democracy Erodes from the Top reveals that the real crisis stems not from an increasingly populist public but from political leaders who exploit or mismanage the chronic vulnerabilities of democracy. In this provocative book, Larry Bartels dismantles the pervasive myth of a populist wave in contemporary European public opinion. While there has always been a substantial reservoir of populist sentiment, Europeans are no less trusting of their politicians and parliaments than they were two decades ago, no less enthusiastic about European integration, and no less satisfied with the workings of democracy. Anti-immigrant sentiment has waned. Electoral support for right-wing populist parties has increased only modestly, reflecting the idiosyncratic successes of populist entrepreneurs, the failures of mainstream parties, and media hype. Europe’s most sobering examples of democratic backsliding—in Hungary and Poland—occurred not because voters wanted authoritarianism but because conventional conservative parties, once elected, seized opportunities to entrench themselves in power. By demonstrating the inadequacy of conventional bottom-up interpretations of Europe’s political crisis, Democracy Erodes from the Top turns our understanding of democratic politics upside down.},
  address = {New Jersey},
  author = {Bartels, Larry M.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  series = {Princeton Studies in Political Behavior},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Democracy Erodes from the Top: Leaders, Citizens, and the Challenge of Populism in Europe},
  year = 2023
}

@article{kusano2022selected,
  abstract = {One prominent theory of social change predicts secularization—when societies prosper, people rely less on religion for ensuring survival, social order, and meaning of life. While some researchers claimed that secularization is universal, critics contended that it does not explain patterns of religious change in non-Western societies. To settle this debate, we applied multilevel modeling to analyze historical, socio-economic factors that moderated the process of secularization around the world. We predicted that secularization occurs as a result of modernization in societies where historical wealth and democratic institutions were established to ensure social, political, and ecological stability for citizens. We also used the cultural evolutionary account of religion to predict that modernization strengthens people's need for religiosity in societies without well-functioning institutions to mitigate increased social complexity. We used GDP and infant mortality as indices of modernization, the Gini index as an indicator of social complexity, and communist history (non-communist vs. post-communist) and the proportion of Christianity as historical contexts to explain variability in the within-society processes of secularization. Analyzing religiosity data with over 100 countries over 30 years, we found support for the secularization hypothesis primarily among formerly wealthy countries: in years when economic wealth increased, religiosity declined. However, an increase in GDP predicted increasing religiosity among formerly poor countries. We also found that increased economic inequality was linked with greater religiosity only among post-communist countries or Christian-minority countries: when economic inequality increased in those countries, religiosity increased. We integrate these findings and the present analytical approach to discuss implications for cross-cultural research and the study of cultural change.},
  author = {Kusano, Kodai and Jami, Waleed Ahmad},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100036},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {26666227},
  journal = {Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Selected anomalies or overlooked variability? Modernization is associated with secularization in countries with high historical wealth but is associated with increasing religiosity in post-communist or Christian-minority countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100036},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2022
}

@book{melegh2023migration,
  abstract = {Using Marxist and Polanyian frameworks, this book examines the structural and discursive transformation that can explain the polarization of migration debates and within the rise of nationalist anti-migrant discourses in Europe with a special attention to Eastern Europe and Hungary. It goes beyond the mainstream explanations of these phenomena that uses nationalist propaganda as causal factors and instead argues that the rise of anti-immigration currents cannot be understood without a dialectical and historical analysis of the material and discursive transformations, most importantly marketization and related reification. Drawing from thinkers such as Lukács, Polanyi, and Gramsci as well as diverse empirical sources including demographic studies, historical modelling, and discourse analyses, Migration Turn and Eastern Europe is a unique and rigorous study of one of the most pressing and puzzling political and sociological questions of our time.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Melegh, Attila},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-14294-9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer },
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Migration Turn and Eastern Europe: A Global Historical Sociological Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14294-9 },
  year = 2023
}

@article{osterman2023educating,
  abstract = {Political science has long viewed education as an instrumental factor in developing support for democracy and beneficial for democratization. However, governments, both democratic and authoritarian, have substantial control over the curriculum and develop education institutions with the specific aim to instill in students the norms and values that underpin the regime. With this in mind, this study asks, does the effect of education vary by the political regime in which education was undertaken? We use a quasi-experimental approach exploiting European compulsory schooling reforms, implemented under both democratic and authoritarian regimes, to answer this question. We find that education has no effect on principle and functional support for democracy, but that education's effect on satisfaction with democracy is conditional on regime type. For those educated under a democratic regime, education led to greater satisfaction with democracy, whereas those educated under an authoritarian regime became less satisfied with democracy.},
  author = {Österman, Marcus and Robinson, Darrel},
  doi = {10.1177/00323217211067385},
  issn = {00323217},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1298-1320},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Educating Democrats or Autocrats? The Regime-Conditional Effect of Education on Support for Democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217211067385},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2023
}

@article{albanese2023perceived,
  abstract = {"In this article, I integrate symbolic threat dynamics into a theoretical discussion of religious change. Specifically, this article demonstrates how symbolic threat can lead to increases in salient collective characteristics among members of the threatened group. To make this case, I examine the religious and historical idiosyncrasies of East and West Germany. In the context of East Germany, I find a dramatic reduction in religious activity among the right-wing between 1999 and 2017, as well as a strong relationship between secularity and fear of foreign domination. Mediated by the deeply atheistic history of East Germany, secularization is here presented as a reaction of eastern identification that repeatedly emerges in the face of cultural threat. To empirically illustrate my theoretical contentions, I rely on survey data from the European Values Study (EVS) and German General Social Survey (ALLBUS)." Die Daten des ALLBUS aus dem Jahr 2018 werden in diesem Beitrag als Hauptdatensatz verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 38. Fassung, Dezember 2023},
  author = {Albanese, Anthony},
  availability = {22.12.2023},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.3390/rel14050648},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v2.0.0 ; ZA5272},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ALLBUS2018},
  title = {Perceived Threat, Reactive Identification, and Religious Change: Right-Wing Secularization in Germany, 1999–2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14050648},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@article{pastormayo2023activating,
  abstract = {Although extensive research has analyzed the factors that moderate economic self-interest—the relationship between individuals’ income position and their preferences for redistribution—there is little crossnational research that analyzes the role of political parties. This article argues that political parties play a considerable moderating role in (de-)activating economic self-interest based on the polarization they display in their economic and cultural positions. By combining the World/European Values Survey, the World Income Inequality Database, and the Comparative Manifesto Project datasets, the analyses estimate the moderating effect of party polarization on economic self-interest. The results suggest that economic polarization enhances self-interest for the poor (respondents below the mean income), even when controlling for income inequality, but not for the rich. Moreover, cultural polarization also appears to reinforce self-interest for the poor, rather than supplanting it. The findings have important implications regarding ability for political parties to activate issues among the public.},
  author = {Pastor Mayo, Marco},
  doi = {10.1177/13540688231161772},
  issn = {13540688},
  journal = {Party Politics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {531-549},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Activating Self-Interest: The Role of Party Polarization in Preferences for Redistribution},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688231161772},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2024
}

@article{jabkowski2022increase,
  abstract = {Social research methodologists have postulated that the transparency of survey procedures and data processing is mandatory for assessing the Total Survey Error. Recent analyses of data from cross-national surveys have demonstrated an increase in the quality of documentation reports over time and significant differences in documentation quality between the projects. This research note replicates previous results with an extended set of documentation-related quality indicators describing the degree of completeness of information at the consecutive steps of the survey cycle. It also extends earlier findings by indicating no significant relationship between the quality of the survey documentation and the quality of the survey itself. We analysed a meta-data set of survey characteristics, studying all available up-to-date methodological reports of 1,145 national surveys from four large-scale multi-wave projects: the European Quality of Life Survey (2003–2016), European Social Survey (2002–2018), European Values Study (1981–2017), and International Social Survey Programme (1985–2018).},
  author = {Jabkowski, Piotr},
  doi = {10.1080/13645579.2022.2097394},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {13645579},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Research Methodology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {817-824},
  study = {ISSP 1985-2018},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Increase in the quality of methodological documentation of cross-national pan-European multi-wave surveys over the last 40 years – a research note},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2022.2097394},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2023
}

@article{lukacsj2023connecting,
  abstract = {This study investigates the egocentric networks of underrepresented minority students. Adjustment to college for underrepresented minority students often means balancing between the origin (i.e., low-status family) and host (i.e., academic) environments, requiring students to develop different coping strategies. The analysis included 124 Roma university students. We employed the contact diary method and the EgoNet program for mapping students’ egocentric networks. We explored classification among egocentric networks by cluster analysis based on the network proportion of the origin, fellow, and host groups. Three clusters were distinguished. The Host-based cluster proved to be the most advantageous, while the Balancing cluster appeared to be the most disadvantageous in terms of network resources, well-being, and trust. Partners’ ethnicity and educational attainment showed a strong connection with cluster membership. Our results highlight that small fellow communities can successfully interconnect the origin and host groups in students’ egocentric networks.},
  author = {Lukács J., Ágnes and Dávid, Beáta},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socnet.2022.09.002},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {03788733},
  journal = {Social Networks},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {35-43},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Connecting for success: Egocentric network types among underrepresented minority students at college},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2022.09.002},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2023
}

@article{hovi2021lasting,
  abstract = {This paper studies the effects of macroeconomic crises experienced in early adulthood on subjective well-being (SWB) later in life. Using repeated cross-sectional survey data of over 100,000 individuals from 38 countries around the world combined with historical data on macroeconomic circumstances, I find that having experienced a macroeconomic crisis at ages 18-25 is detrimental to SWB. This result is in line with earlier literature that focuses on other individual-level outcomes. However, the analysis presented in this paper reveals that outcomes related to individual?s earnings, employment status, family life, and religion cannot fully explain the lasting effect of macroeconomic crises on well-being. Results on heterogeneous responses show that the negative effect is largest for females and for individuals with low educational attainment.},
  author = {Hovi, Matti},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12551},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00346586},
  journal = {Review of Income and Wealth},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {EVS2015},
  title = {The Lasting Well-Being Effects of Early Adulthood Macroeconomic Crises},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12551},
  year = 2021
}

@article{muis2022together,
  abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is posing a threat to people all across the globe. According to traditional literature, threat perceptions induce anti-immigrant sentiments, as ingroup identity and self-interest are strengthened at the expense of the outgroup. In this study, we investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic indeed increases anti-immigrant sentiments, or that this type of threat elicits other or no group related responses. We also look at whether such responses are expressed more strongly among specific subgroups in Dutch society. To do so, we use unique longitudinal panel data based on the European Values Study 2017, with a repeated measure in May 2020, during the national 'intelligent lockdown' in the Netherlands. Based on structural equation modeling, we demonstrate that anti-immigrant sentiments have not increased due to (perceived threat of) the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, negative opinions towards immigrants decreased between 2017 and 2020 in the Netherlands, for which we provide alternative explanations. Although some subgroups do experience more threat than others due to the coronavirus, such as women, first generation immigrants, and the elderly, this does not lead to more negative feelings towards outgroups. Whether this is due to the fact that individuals feel threatened by everyone, regardless of group membership, should be explored in future research.},
  author = {Muis, Quita and Reeskens, Tim},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.12.006},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {01471767},
  journal = {International Journal of Intercultural Relations},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {203-216},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Are we in this together? Changes in anti-immigrant sentiments during the COVID-19 pandemic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.12.006},
  volume = 86,
  year = 2022
}

@article{piatkowska2022immigrant,
  abstract = {This study examines connections between the political articulation of immigration by extreme right parties, perceived immigrant threat, and support for capital punishment across European countries. We merged data from the 2017 European Values Study with the Manifesto Project Dataset, a comparative dataset on statements by political parties. The results reveal positive effects of the perceived immigrant threat and positive effects of political articulation of immigration by extreme right parties on support for capital punishment. We also find that the political articulation of immigration by extreme right parties amplifies the effect of immigrant threat on support for capital punishment. The results of our analyses underscore the important role that political rhetoric can play in shaping a social context conducive to punitiveness.},
  author = {Piatkowska, Sylwia J. and Abreu Rivera, Laisa F. and Messner, Steven F.},
  doi = {10.1093/bjc/azac062},
  issn = {00070955},
  journal = {The British Journal of Criminology},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Immigrant Threat, Political Articulation by Extreme Right Parties and Support for Capital Punishment: A Multilevel Analysis of European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac062},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2022
}

@article{smekal2023drivers,
  abstract = {This article contributes to the debate on domestic politicisation of EU issues by suggesting hitherto overlooked explanation of (non)politicisation. This paper uses Czechia as an intriguing case in which the mainstream explanations of a low level of domestic politicisation of EU issues do not apply. The Czech case illustrates that, first, even in the context of high public Euroscepticism, EU issues do not necessarily become politicised, particularly so when the public does not consider them to be important. Second, high politicisation does not occur when there is a path dependency of a mismatch between positions of political parties and significant parts of their electorates on EU issues. Finally, the rise of catch-all populist parties prevents a high level of politicisation of EU issues.},
  author = {Smekal, Hubert and Havlík, Vratislav},
  doi = {10.1080/14782804.2022.2106952},
  issn = {14782804},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary European Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {979-994},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Drivers of domestic politicisation of European issues: explaining low politicisation of differentiated integration in Czechia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2022.2106952},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{koroleva2023imene,
  abstract = {The formation of a person's values and mindset shift is a process that takes place throughout a person's life, but views on basic values are instilled in the family from early childhood and their formation continues during the socialisation process at school and in society. The family plays a primary role in the transmission of values as important elements of an individual's character, the teaching of which largely determines the individual's life path. Just as family structures have changed over time and vary from culture to culture, so too have attitudes towards the family, its relationship to society and its relative value in the social order. This paper analyses the place of the family as a value in the overall value system of the individual and identifies the value beliefs that currently prevail within the family itself. The main research questions to be answered are: (1) are there differences in views – and what are these differences – on the value of the family among different groups in Latvian society; (2) what values are transferred in the family and passed down to children? The analysis of the problem is based on Latvian data from the fifth phase of the European Values Survey (EVS) in 2021 (n=1335).},
  address = {Rēzekne},
  author = {Koroļeva, Ilze and Pranka, Maruta and Elksne, Ginta},
  booktitle = {SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. Volume II},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.17770/sie2023vol2.7134},
  eventdate = {26.05.2023},
  eventtitle = {SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {290-304},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Ģimene Kā Vērtība Un Ģimeniskās Vērtības Mūsdienu Latvijas Sabiedrībā: Ieskats Eiropas Vērtību Pētījuma Rezultātos (The Family Within the Value System and Family Values in the Context of Latvia Today: Insights from the European Values Survey)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2023vol2.7134},
  venue = {Rēzekne},
  year = 2023
}

@article{pickel2022nationalism,
  abstract = {Research on Islamophobia has so far focused predominantly on Western European societies. In view of the hostile reactions towards Muslim refugees shown by Eastern European governments, there is still a sizeable research gap with regard to Islamophobia in Eastern Europe. The aim of our article is to survey the extent of anti-Muslim prejudice beyond Western Europe and to shed light on its social-psychological determinant patterns. Our results show that the rise of Islamophobia is a pan-European phenomenon, and it rests upon similar social-psychological underpinnings. Perceptions of threat and ethnocentrism turn out to be its core drivers. Beyond these similarities, Islamophobia is more widespread in Eastern Europe. This empirical pattern is in line with the theoretical assumptions of the contact hypothesis. The absence of Muslim communities in Eastern Europe leads to fewer contacts or friendships with immigrants, and more sceptical perceptions of intergroup contacts. These factors strengthen a social climate in which anti-Muslim prejudice prevails.},
  author = {Pickel, Gert},
  journal = {Transnational, Cross-Regional and Global Connections},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-26},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Nationalism and perceptions of threat–Ethnocentrism or just a lack of contact? Islamophobia in Eastern Europe from a comparative perspective},
  url = {https://www.connections.clio-online.net/article/id/artikel-4680},
  year = 2022
}

@article{may2023dance,
  abstract = {National identity is widely used to explain anti-immigrant attitudes and thus the appeal for right-wing (populist) parties. Yet, consensus on how to capture national identity is lacking. This article identifies ideal-typical patterns of national boundary making across 42 countries and more than 25 years beyond the ethnic–civic dichotomy and addresses the multidimensionality of national identity. Using latent class analysis and cluster analysis, four ideal-typical conceptions of nationhood are identified and shown to be differently related to national attachment, national pride, and national chauvinism. Overall, the results close the methodological–empirical gap between classical approaches and recent inductive approaches to national identity and demonstrate that national identity is a cross-cultural phenomenon with distinct types.},
  author = {May, Antonia C.},
  doi = {10.1111/nana.12926},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2880 ; ZA3910 ; ZA5950 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {13545078},
  journal = {Nations and Nationalism},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {579-597},
  study-id = {ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {And if they don't dance, they are no friends of mine: Exploring boundaries of national identity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12926},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@article{davidescu2022could,
  abstract = {When people who adhere to tax morality act in a situation where there is no sense of risk, no acceptance of the government, or no environment conducive to tax compliance, it is easier to see how they are motivated to do so. Tax morality is also known as the ethics of compliance. It is the independent cause that motivates a positive tax behaviour. Employees’ religious beliefs may impact their ideas and actions in organizational life, just as individuals’ attitudes, values, emotions, abilities, and behaviours influence their thoughts and actions at work. Religion can positively influence a worker’s loyalty, morale, and communication. In this context, the research seeks to determine whether religiosity and religion may have an effect on tax morale, examining whether an individual’s religiosity reduces tax evasion and increases the degree of tax morale. Using machine learning variable selection techniques appropriate for categorical variables, we have used the dataset of the Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2020 (European Value Survey/World Value Survey), allowing for comparisons of tax morality in more than 79 nations globally (chi-squared and mutual information). The empirical findings showed that the most important aspects of religiosity, such as religious denomination, belief in God, and the significance of God, along with the degree of trust placed in other religions and churches, have a considerable positive impact on the level of tax morale. Another significant conclusion relates to how much people feel the government is responsible, how much they care about their nation, and how satisfied they are with the political system—findings that have been shown to boost employee morale. The following are a person’s primary traits that indicate their financial morale: an adult above the age of 25, a full-time worker or retired person, married, and living alone. Therefore, employees that are morally upright, trustworthy, diligent, and committed to the workplace values of justice and decency raise morale generally and improve an organisation’s success. A business may enhance its reputation and help to secure its long-term success by establishing behavioural policies.},
  author = {Davidescu, Adriana A. and Manta, Eduard M. and Stoica-Ungureanu, Adina T. and Anton (Musat), Magdalena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.3390/math10234497},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  issn = {22277390},
  journal = {Mathematics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 23,
  pages = {1-32},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Could Religiosity and Religion Influence the Tax Morale of Individuals? An Empirical Analysis Based on Variable Selection Methods},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/math10234497},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{bramanti2021country,
  address = {Charlotte},
  author = {Bramanti, Donatella and Moscatelli, Matteo and Regalia, Camillo},
  booktitle = {Families and Family Values in Society and Culture},
  editor = {Albert, Isabelle and Emirhafizovic, Mirza and Shpigelman, Carmit-Noa and Trummer, Ursula},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {225-250},
  publisher = {Information Age Publishing},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Country Report: Intergenerational Family Solidarity and Key Life Domains in Italy},
  year = 2021
}

@article{kolczynska2024interviewer,
  abstract = {Survey researchers and practitioners often assume that higher response rates are associated with a higher quality of survey data. However, the evidence for this claim in face-to-face surveys is mixed. To explain these mixed results, recent studies have proposed that interviewers’ involvement in respondent selection moderates the effect of response rates on data quality. Previous analyses based on data from the European Social Survey found that response rates are positively associated with data quality when interviewer involvement in respondent selection is minimal. However, the association between response rates and data quality is negative when interviewers are more involved in respondent selection through household frame creation or within-household selection of target persons. These studies have hypothesized that some interviewers deviate from prescribed selection procedures to select individuals with higher response propensities, which increase response rates while reducing data quality. We replicate these results with an extended dataset, including more recent European Social Survey rounds and three other European survey projects: the European Quality of Life Survey, European Values Study, and International Social Survey Programme. Based on our results, we recommend that surveys include procedures to verify respondent-selection practices into their fieldwork control procedures.},
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta and Jabkowski, Piotr and Eckman, Stephanie},
  doi = {10.1093/jssam/smad013},
  issn = {23250984},
  journal = {Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-13},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {Interviewer Involvement in Respondent Selection Moderates the Relationship between Response Rates and Sample Bias in Cross-National Survey Projects in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smad013},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2024
}

@article{emiljan2022evaluating,
  abstract = {Tax compliance has been extensively researched and yet, the question of why people pay taxes remains only partially answered. Tax non-compliance continues to represent a core issue for many governments around the world (even in the most virtuous countries). Why don't people pay taxes? Why is there a strong informality in the Albanian labor market? Are there other reasons beyond those indicated by the main neoclassical theory? Faced with these questions and the recognized difficulties considering neoclassical theory, many researchers have demonstrated (through empirical studies) that there is an intrinsic and individual motivation to pay taxes - recognized as a "TAX MORALE" - which differs from one person to another and from one country to another. This study attempts to identify some factors that impact intrinsic motivation by studying "TAX MORALE" over time and considering demographic, social, cultural, and geographical aspects in the Albanian context.},
  author = {Emiljan, Karma},
  doi = {10.15162/2612-6583/1465},
  journal = {Euro-Balkan Law and Economics Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {87-101},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Evaluating Tax Morale in Albania},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15162/2612-6583/1465},
  year = 2022
}

@article{galdauskaite2022gimstamumo,
  abstract = {The study analyses trends in egalitarianism in gender role attitudes and changing associations between fertility and gender equity within and across countries and over time. Lithuania is compared to five European countries, employing an index of gender role attitudes that is constructed based on five international surveys. Findings reveal that Lithuania is not only the most traditional and slowest in transition to egalitarianism of all the countries analyzed, but also stagnating in gender revolution. The results support a U-shaped pattern between changes in fertility and gender role attitudes in almost all countries. This relationship can be moderated not only by levels of gender-equitable attitudes, but also by dispersion in attitudes and normativity of dominant gender role attitudes. The results reveal that maturation of the gender revolution can have a moderating effect.},
  author = {Galdauskaitė, Dovilė},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.2620 ; 10.4232/1.12661 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.15388/STEPP.2022.38},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2620 v1.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika },
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {69-83},
  study-id = {ISSP1994 ; ISSP2012 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Gimstamumo ir lyčių revoliucijos sąsajos: Lietuva lyginamojoje perspektyvoje (Links Between Fertility and Gender Revolution: Lithuania from a Comparative Perspective)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15388/STEPP.2022.38},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2022
}

@article{coutinho2023portuguese,
  abstract = {Portugal has been a good example of sociocultural changes during the last decades which have influenced the levels of religiosity, namely among young people. In this context, this article studies Portuguese youth religiosity in a comparative perspective. First, it compares Portuguese youth religiosity with the other Portuguese age groups&rsquo; religiosity. Second, it compares Portuguese youth religiosity over time. A supplementary analysis compares Portugal with Catholic Europe in both aspects. Portuguese youth are less religious than the other age groups, mainly the older group, and are becoming less religious over time. Comparing Portugal with Catholic Europe, differences in young people have decreased in the last two decades, reaching similar values in 2020. Quantitative analyses based on four religiosity dimensions (community, practice, belief, and norm), using the European Values Study, were applied. These data confirm secularization, including the theories of individualization and cohort replacement, in line with other studies.},
  author = {Coutinho, José P.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.3390/rel14020147},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Portuguese Youth Religiosity in Comparative Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14020147},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@article{hilger2023against,
  abstract = {Purpose: Due to their multifarious backgrounds, multinational enterprises from emerging economies offer unique research opportunities to push the boundaries of our understanding knowledge of diversity management in transitional contexts. In that regard, Central and Eastern European multinationals present a blind spot in diversity management research. Design/methodology/approach: This article examines the extent to which context shapes the discourse on diversity management in the Oil and Gas industry across Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) through a qualitative approach based on content analyses of corporate communication data matched with data on national institutional contexts. Findings: The data suggests a lack of effective pro-diversity pressures across CEE except for cultural pressure in European Union member countries. However, CEE Oil and Gas companies report a broader scope of diversity management than studies of Western counterparts suggest. Companies with subsidiaries in Western countries show convergence towards etic diversity approaches, while local and regional companies are more divergent. Originality/value: This article defines the boundary conditions of diversity management in the Oil and Gas industry across nine CEE countries and how they impact the diversity discourse in the industry. This article also showcases the impact of foreign market presence in the West as a driver for diversity management reporting.},
  author = {Hilger, Andreas M. and Velinov, Emil and Özbilgin, Mustafa F.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1108/EDI-11-2022-0308},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {20407149},
  journal = {Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1141-1159},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Against all odds: how the institutional context shapes diversity management in the Central and Eastern European Oil and Gas industry},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-11-2022-0308},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2023
}

@article{sochas2023collective,
  abstract = {Collective bargaining institutions are correlated with better population health. However, there are still major gaps in our understanding regarding the impact of collective bargaining on health inequalities, particularly between labour market ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’. In this study, we investigate the effect of collective bargaining coverage on individuals’ self-rated health, and whether the impact varies according to labour market status. We use four waves of the European Values Survey (1981–2018) and three-level nested random intercept models across 33 OECD and European countries (N = 66 301). We find that stronger and more inclusive collective bargaining institutions reduce health inequalities between the unemployed and the employed by disproportionately improving the health of the unemployed. This study implies that targeting the political institutions that shape the distribution of power and resources is important for reducing health inequalities.},
  author = {Sochas, Laura and Reeves, Aaron},
  doi = {10.1093/ser/mwac052},
  issn = {14751461},
  journal = {Socio-Economic Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {827–862},
  study = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Does collective bargaining reduce health inequalities between labour market insiders and outsiders?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwac052},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{weyers2022expectations,
  abstract = {At least two trends appear to exist, according to the country reports in this book: A trend towards lifting donor anonymity and a trend towards access to assisted reproduction technologies (ART) for lesbian couples. This chapter questions whether we can expect further convergence of formal domestic laws regarding these two topics of ART. To answer the question, two propositions are tested: first, the proposition that European law leads to convergence of domestic law and, second, Kurzer’s proposition that changes in the values of citizens in European countries have such an effect. With respect to the latter: the European Values Study shows changes in values concerning child rearing and in attitudes regarding homosexuality in the same direction in European countries, although at a different pace. Domestic law seems to follow. With respect to the first: The effects of the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) regarding the right to know one’s origins and to equal rights to access to ART are less clear cut.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Weyers, Heleen},
  booktitle = {The Regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Europe: Variation, Convergence and Trends},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003223726},
  editor = {Griessler, Erich and Slepičková, Lenka and Weyers, Heleen and Winkler, Florian and Zeegers, Nicolle},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Expectations regarding the convergence of domestic laws on ART},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003223726},
  year = 2022
}

@article{doblyte2022class,
  abstract = {Purpose: Public willingness to pay for extra public benefits and services may demonstrate a tension between the common good (more services) and economic motives (higher taxes for all). In this article, the authors present an analysis of this trade-off by drawing upon the Bourdieusian theory of social reproduction and habitus. Design/methodology/approach: Employing the European Social Survey (2016), the authors first examine the patterns of relationships between the agents' position in the social structure and their attitudes across care regimes in Europe. The authors then analyse whether this link is mediated by agents' individual trajectories and dispositions, such as their beliefs towards equality or tradition, political orientation, or religiosity. Findings: The findings support the importance of both sociation and individuation in habitus formation, albeit to varying degrees across the regimes. Individual attitudes are therefore shaped not only by interests of reproducing or maximising social positions but also by more reflexive propensities to think about the common good. Originality/value: In this article, the authors draw upon the theory of social reproduction and habitus by Pierre Bourdieu, who has been thus far rarely employed in the study of welfare attitudes. The article also contributes to the literature that studies the trade-off between the expansion and financing of reconciliation policies.},
  author = {Doblytė, Sigita and Tejero, Aroa},
  doi = {10.1108/IJSSP-04-2022-0089},
  issn = {0144333X},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {5/6},
  pages = {436-453},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Class or individual? Willingness to spend more on reconciliation policies in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-04-2022-0089},
  volume = 43,
  year = 2023
}

@article{handy2022voluntary,
  abstract = {Objective: Scholars have presented compelling evidence that participation in voluntary sector organizations (VSOs)—which is primarily motivated by the desire to help society—also benefits volunteers. The objective of this article is to determine whether and how these positive impacts vary across the type of VSO where individuals volunteer. Methods: We examine European Value Survey and World Value Survey data from 18 advanced industrial democracies using multilevel regression models to establish the link between VSO participation and three individual health and welfare (IHW) outcomes: an individual's self-reported health status, financial satisfaction, and overall life satisfaction. Results: Our findings indicate (1) that the relationship between voluntary sector participation and positive IHW outcomes depends on the type of VSO where individuals volunteer and (2) that heterogeneous VSO exposure is also positively related to IHW. Conclusion: We emphasize that voluntary sector participation has heterogeneous impacts that variously determine outcomes depending on the type of VSO where an individual chooses to participate.},
  author = {Handy, Femida and Sealey, Anthony},
  doi = {10.1111/ssqu.13135},
  issn = {00384941},
  journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {471-493},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Voluntary sector participation and individual health and welfare: Does it matter where?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13135},
  volume = 103,
  year = 2022
}

@article{cascella2022gender,
  abstract = {This paper reports research into the relationship between personal and contextual variables and gendered differences in students’ attainment in mathematics that take account of ‘place’ at different levels of intra-national locality (i.e. regional and macro-geographical levels, within the same country). A multilevel analysis performed on secondary data collected in Italy, where on average boys outperform girls in mathematics, showed that gender differences at local levels are complex and nuanced and not always consistent with the national picture. Moreover, gender differences in mathematics are associated with socio-cultural and economic factors that vary by region. We argue that educational research focusing on national and international level findings (such as for example PISA) should explore the association between gender differences in mathematics and sub-national socio-cultural and economic contexts in order to adequately inform policy and practice. Finally, we suggest that European researchers of inequality may need to attend to regionality and localities of place, and that the principle of subsidiarity could imply that policy and practice be devolved to the levels that research proves to be relevant.},
  author = {Cascella, Clelia and Williams, Julian Scott and Pampaka, Maria},
  doi = {10.1177/1474904121997211},
  issn = {14749041},
  journal = {European Educational Research Journal},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {705-731},
  study = {EVS2008},
  title = {Gender differences in mathematics outcomes at different levels of locality to inform policy and practice},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904121997211},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2022
}

@article{caragliu2022smart,
  abstract = {Smart city technologies are criticized because they might exacerbate income inequalities. Four factors are suggested to explain this phenomenon: the uneven diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs); that these ICTs cannot be afforded by low-income citizens; that smart cities could further human capital divides; and the involvement of private actors in the implementation of projects. These critiques are not based on empirical verification. We test whether smart urban characteristics are associated with increases in urban income inequalities, using data on urban smartness and urban income inequality for 106 European cities. Results show that smart cities are associated with lower levels of urban income inequality.},
  author = {Caragliu, Andrea and Del Bo, Chiara F.},
  doi = {10.1080/00343404.2021.1984421},
  issn = {00343404},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1097-1112},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Smart cities and urban inequality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1984421},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2022
}

@article{savelyev2023untruthful,
  abstract = {This paper reviews the scholarship on a war which was started in 2014 with the Russian annexation of the Crimea and combat in Eastern Ukraine. Most of the studies fell short of labelling it correctly, revealing causes and suggesting possible solutions because they did not consider the conflict in the broader perspective of Russian-Ukrainian relations. One of the reasons of this failure is a narrative about Ukrainian society which is created and spread by Russian politicians, diplomats, academics and the media. This narrative has evolved to legitimize the Russian large-scale invasion by labelling it as 'a special military operation.' Based on the data available the paper provides a deconstruction of the current narrative, identifying its four main claims, and demonstrates that the declared premises are false. The realization of profound intentions aimed at imposing its own rule, which are embedded in the Russian narrative, means reversing a historical process of long-term national development and is only possible through the genocide of population of Ukraine within a sorely repressive occupation regime. Hence, the Russian colonial war against Ukraine is not justifiable, has disastrous and enduring consequences and cannot be tolerated.},
  author = {Savelyev, Yuriy},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13714},
  doi = {10.1080/25739638.2023.2194137},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7539 v1.0.0},
  issn = {25739638},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {467-480},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Untruthful claims, real war, dire consequences: understanding the narrative of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2023.2194137},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dennison2023explaining,
  abstract = {What has caused the marked, cross-national, and unprecedented trends in European electoral results in the 21st century? Scholarly explanations include social structure and challenger party entrepreneurship. We argue that these electoral changes more proximally result from public issue salience, which results from societal trends and mainly affects rather than is caused by party agenda setting. We use aggregate-level panel data across 28 European countries to show that the public issue salience of three issues—unemployment, immigration, and the environment—is associated with later variation in the results of the conservative, social democrat, liberal, radical right, radical left, and green party families in theoretically expected directions, while the party system issue agenda has weaker associations. Public issue salience, in turn, is rooted in societal trends (unemployment rates, immigration rates and temperature anomalies), and, in some cases, party agenda setting. We validate our mechanism at the individual-level across 28 European countries and using UK panel data. Our findings have implications for our understanding of the agency of parties, the permanency of recent electoral changes, and how voters reconcile their social and political worlds.},
  author = {Dennison, James and Kriesi, Hanspeter},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755773923000085},
  issn = {17557739},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {483-501},
  study = {EVS ; Eurobarometer 2005-2019},
  title = {Explaining Europe’s transformed electoral landscape: structure, salience, and agendas},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773923000085},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2023
}

@article{bodor2022ltalnostott,
  abstract = {Trust is a field of research in social sciences that has complex, well developed theoretical approaches, but its empirical tools are less precisely grounded. The most common survey tool for measuring generalized trust is a formula often referred to in the literature as "standard" trust question, which reads as follows: "Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you need to be very careful in dealing with people?" The aim of the paper is to examine this standard survey item along the dimensions of reliability and validity. In our analysis, we use Hungarian data obtained from various international surveys. Our results indicate serious validity problems, as the standard question shows only weak linkage with additional variables, which, based on the conceptual background, should be in a close relationship with trust.},
  author = {Bodor, Ákos and Hegedüs, Mark},
  doi = {10.18392/metsz/2022/2/1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4231 ; ZA4233 ; ZA4975 ; ZA5237 ; ZA5929},
  journal = {Metszetek},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {5-22},
  study = {ISSP2004 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2014 ; ISSP2017 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; EU-SILC 2013},
  study-id = {EB62.2 ; EB63.1 ; EB72.1 ; EB74.1 ; EB81.5},
  title = {Az általánosított bizalom kérdőíves mérésének egyes megbízhatósági és érvényességi kérdései a magyarországi adatfelvételek tükrében (Certain issues of reliability and validity in the case of generalized trust survey measurement in light of the Hungarian data)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18392/metsz/2022/2/1},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2022
}

@article{colombo2023networks,
  abstract = {Why does support for mainstream parties decline? A growing literature points to economic loss as a source of political resentment. We bring this explanation one step further. We posit that the local economy qualifies the role of social capital in forging systemic support. When the economy thrives, social capital buffers discontent via interpersonal interactions. When the economy declines it exacerbates discontent, leading to a diffusion of grievances. We test our ?networks of grievances? hypothesis in two settings. We first test our theory in Italy, which offers individual-level information together with fine-grained municipality-level social capital data. Second, we test the mechanism underlying our theory combining survey and local administrative data across 18 European countries. The results suggest that ?networks of grievances? operate as channels of political discussions with peers, converting retrospective evaluations into systemic discontent bringing non-mainstream parties into voters? choice sets.},
  author = {Colombo, Francesco and Dinas, Elias},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140221100195},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {00104140},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {363-394},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Networks of Grievances: Social Capital and Mainstream Party Decline},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140221100195},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2023
}

@article{riveragarrido2022education,
  abstract = {Many studies report a strong correlation between gender role attitudes and the economy. Determining which factors are affecting them is crucial to avoid negative consequences. This paper identifies the causal relationship between education and traditional gender role attitudes. I use data from the European Social Survey for 14 European countries, along with a quasi-experimental approach that exploits exogenous variation in compulsory schooling across countries and year of birth. I find that for women from a poor family background, education reduces the probability of agreeing with traditional gender norms in more than 11 percentage points.},
  author = {Rivera-Garrido, Noelia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102261},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {02727757},
  journal = {Economics of Education Review},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Can education reduce traditional gender role attitudes?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102261},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2022
}

@article{caicedo2022autoridad,
  abstract = {Objective/Context: This study starts by asking what the main determinants of trust in the police are in Latin America. Based on conflict theory, it argues that class divisions and ethnic diversity founded on European colonization have left a legacy of social control conflicts, in which some groups find themselves in a privileged position in their dealings with the police, while others remain in a position of exclusion and vulnerability. Methodology: This research examines data from Latinobarómetro 2018. It uses ordinal logistic regression (OLR) models to evaluate the effects of the subject’s sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics, as well as a mixed-effects model to observe contextual level indicators (country characteristics). Conclusions: The confidence of Latin Americans in the police is affected by their class position, their opinion on who governs the country, and their perception of corruption in the members of the institution. Although there is evidence of a lower level of trust among indigenous people, the racial identification of the subjects does not show significant effects. At the contextual level, ethnic fractionalization and the country’s homicide rate decrease trust in the police, although inequality (Gini coefficient) shows a positive effect, contrary to what was expected. Originality: The article explores diverse factors that can produce differential treatment between the police and citizens, in a region marked by high levels of inequality and violence.},
  author = {Caicedo, Juan Manuel},
  doi = {10.7440/colombiaint110.2022.06},
  journal = {Colombia Internacional},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2022 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 110,
  pages = {145-171},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Autoridad y privilegio: confianza en la policía en Latinoamérica (Authority and Privilege: Trust in the Police in Latin America)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint110.2022.06},
  year = 2022
}

@article{lytkina2024rally,
  abstract = {Recent studies have shown that the coronavirus pandemic not only temporarily increased support for incumbent politicians and trust in experts but also triggered an authoritarian response. Because the pandemic has significantly affected individuals’ goals, needs, and control over their lives, we expect that it has generated emotional reactions. In this article, we study how concerns about COVID-19 relate to institutional trust (trust in political institutions and experts) and a preference for populist right parties—directly and indirectly—via emotions. Our theoretical framework relies on the “rally around the flag” hypothesis, the cultural backlash theory, as well as appraisal theories of emotions. We analyze a novel data set collected as part of the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences Panel Survey for the Netherlands at the beginning of the second wave of the pandemic (October 2020). Our findings reveal that concerns about COVID-19 are positively related to institutional trust but unrelated to preferences for right-wing populism. The relationship between concerns about the coronavirus crisis and trust in political institutions is mediated via fear and sadness; these emotions also explain opposition to right-wing populist parties. We interpret our findings in relation to research on the rally around the flag effect, right-wing populism, and emotions. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and other “rally”-inducing events.},
  author = {Lytkina, Ekaterina and Reeskens, Tim},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  doi = {10.1177/00027642241240418},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00027642},
  journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {478-504},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Rally around the government or a populist response? How concerns about COVID-19 and emotional responses relate to institutional trust and support for right-wing populism},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241240418},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2024
}

@article{tubergen2024parental,
  abstract = {This research delves into the gender disparities observed in sport participation among immigrant groups, aiming to enhance our understanding of the underlying factors contributing to these gaps. Specifically, the study examines the impact of parental origin-country gender inequality and Muslim majority (‘cultural legacy’) and the adaptation to host country norms across immigrant generations (‘cultural dynamics’). Utilizing nationally representative survey data encompassing 28,000 first- and second-generation immigrant youth from 32 distinct origin groups in Italy, we uncover evidence regarding the influence of parental origin-country culture on sport participation. Notably, immigrant youth with parents hailing from more conservative countries exhibit wider gender gaps in sports involvement. Additionally, we observe heightened gender differences in sport participation among youth whose parents were born and raised in Muslim-majority nations. Furthermore, our findings underscore the presence of cultural dynamics, as second-generation immigrant boys and girls display a significantly greater likelihood of engaging in sports compared to their first-generation counterparts. Notably, girls experience the most substantial gains in sport activity across generations. The results suggest that second-generation immigrant youth, particularly those with mixed heritage, assimilate the cultural practices of their host society while diminishing the impact of the parental origin country on sport participation choices.},
  author = {Tubergen, Frank van and Molteni, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1080/1369183X.2024.2333875},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1369-183X},
  journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 16,
  pages = {4002-4020},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Does parental origin-country culture affect the gender gap in sport participation? A study of immigrant youth in Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2333875},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{coudenhovekalergi2023values,
  abstract = {This contribution deals with the importance of values in business written from the practical perspective of working in the field of business ethics, and sustainability in different functions and for more than 15 years. Focusing on a practical approach, it discusses the handling of values in management and communication. It demonstrates how the concept of values originated in the economic sphere and always included the idea of ideal values insofar as they establish and regulate social relationships. The article explains why an ethical approach to corporate values, based on the normative stakeholder view, is necessary, so that values can fulfil their orientating function. Hence, corporate ethics is a suitable topic for reflection. In addition to the motivations and drivers that lead companies to deal with normative values, the contribution describes which values companies actually proclaim. While the question of an ethical assessment of motivation is not discussed in detail, the challenges companies face in their values management and communication are described. Using the example of human rights based on the value of human dignity, the contribution shows how these challenges ultimately affect the corporate context and what steps can be taken. It closes with questions at the interface between corporate ethics, values management, and legislative initiatives.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Coudenhove-Kalergi, Barbara},
  booktitle = {Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study: In-depth Analysis – Interdisciplinary Perspectives – Future Prospects},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_10},
  editor = {Polak, Regina and Rohs, Patrick},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783031313646},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {339-368},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Values and Economy: How Companies Deal with Values},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_10},
  year = 2023
}

@article{delicado2023david,
  abstract = {Unlike in some northern European countries, renewable energy cooperatives in Portugal, Spain and Italy are few and represent a very small share of the energy market. This article aims to understand the social, political, economic and cultural factors that affect the development of renewable energy cooperatives in southern Europe, but also the opportunities and benefits cooperatives offer over other energy providers in the energy transition. It is based on a comparative analysis of four case studies of cooperatives in Portugal, Spain and Italy, relying on document analysis, observation and interviews with cooperative representatives, complemented with legal, policy and statistical data for contextualisation. We ascertain that energy policies have favoured large utility companies and concentrated energy generation, while a lack of civic culture of participation and mistrust of cooperatives have also hindered their development. Furthermore, we show how cooperatives have unique features that make them valuable actors in energy systems: promotion of environmental and social values, local embeddedness, flexibility to diversify activities, ability to mobilise networks of similar organisations and fostering democratic governance and participation.},
  author = {Delicado, Ana and Pallarès-Blanch, Marta and García-Marín, Ramón and del Valle, Carolina and Prados, María-José},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1016/j.erss.2023.103220},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {22146296},
  journal = {Energy Research & Social Science},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {David against Goliath? Challenges and opportunities for energy cooperatives in Southern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103220},
  volume = 103,
  year = 2023
}

@article{landsberger2024europawahlen,
  abstract = {Seit der ersten Direktwahl des Europäischen Parlaments 1979 hat sich die Europäische Union (EU) stark gewandelt. Die Erweiterung von 9 auf 27 Mitgliedstaaten, die Einführung des Schengenraums und die Unterzeichnung des Vertrags von Maastricht waren Meilensteine der europäischen Integration. In der näheren Vergangenheit haben jedoch Krisen, angefangen mit der Finanzkrise 2008 über die Flüchtlingskrise 2015, der Corona-Pandemie 2020 und aktuell dem Krieg in der Ukraine, die öffentliche Wahrnehmung der EU geprägt. Trotz der Krisen ist das Vertrauen in die EU in vielen Mitgliedsländern stabil und liegt häufig noch über dem Vertrauen in die nationalen Regierungen. Auch das Vertrauen in die Demokratie ist hoch und der Wunsch nach „starken“ Anführern gering.},
  author = {Landsberger, Albert},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {0018974X},
  journal = {ifo Schnelldienst},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 5,
  pages = {7-10},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Europawahlen: Wie hat sich das Vertrauen in die EU über die Zeit verändert?},
  url = {https://www.ifo.de/publikationen/2024/aufsatz-zeitschrift/europawahlen-vertrauen-eu-zeit-veraendert},
  volume = 77,
  year = 2024
}

@inproceedings{kafka2023cultural,
  abstract = {The literature regarding cultural background change points out that changes in cultural background can only be slow-moving. However, under high uncertainty levels, the cultural background may also change in the short or medium term. The effect of uncertainty on economic activity varies. The main consequence of uncertainty is forming attitudes and actions that deviate from rationalizing and maximizing wealth and prosperity. At the same time, the strong presence of uncertainty influences the development of modern production models. This paper investigates the effects of culture and uncertainty on economic development. The data used in the analysis refer to an unbalanced panel dataset for 113 countries for the last four decades (1981- 2019). Two measures are used to measure economic development as robustness; GDP per capita and the human development index. An overall civic culture is used to measure culture, which emerges as the first principal component of the alternative traits of a society's civic culture after a Principal Component Analysis. These data are based on survey data from seven waves of the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS). For uncertainty, the data comes from the World Uncertainty Index (WUI) of the International Monetary Fund. A fixed effects (FE) estimation approach is followed, which allows for individual heterogeneity using different intercepts across countries and can be estimated using ordinary least squares. In addition, time dummies are included to incorporate time-specific effects common to all countries in the sample. The main assumptions addressed are that 1) culture significantly affects economic development, 2) increasing uncertainty in economies leads to a reduction in economic development, 3) uncertainty significantly affects the cultural background of societies and leads to its change, and 4) the simultaneous effect of culture and uncertainty on economic development is significant; thus, uncertainty is complementary to culture.},
  address = {Athens},
  author = {Kafka, Kyriaki I. and Kostis, Pantelis C.},
  booktitle = {ICBE-HOU Proceedings 2023},
  eventdate = {29.09.-30.09.2023},
  eventtitle = {International Conference on Business & Economics of the Hellenic Open University 2023},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Cultural Background and Economic Uncertainty: Dual Drivers of Economic Development},
  url = {https://icbe-hou-archive.eap.gr/ocs2023/index.php/ICBE-HOU_2023/ICBE-HOU_2023/paper/view/630},
  venue = {Hotel Titania, Athens},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{kinnear2023statistical,
  abstract = {These appendices provide numerical data regarding the Catholic Church in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Many of the tables and graphs use Catholic Directory as a source. They are typically assembled from diocesan figures, with any missing figures imputed from proximate years where feasible. Not all categories are recorded for all nations or all decades. Consideration was taken regarding the figures to use where anomalies were identified. Consequently, some data used differ slightly from those recorded in Catholic Directory.Affirming the reliability of any one data point andmaking comparisons over timeis challenging due to varying rigourin providing or estimating figures at the source, possible omissions, and modifications.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Kinnear, Timothy},
  booktitle = {The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism, Volume V: Recapturing the Apostolate of the Laity, 1914-2021},
  editor = {Harris, Alana},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {357-376},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Statistical Appendices},
  year = 2023
}

@article{kolczynska2024modeling,
  abstract = {Combining public opinion data from different sources enables new cross-national and longitudinal research, but is accompanied by unique challenges related to the comparability of the source survey data. The analytic strategy we propose relies on Bayesian explanatory item response theory models to address differences in the measurement of attitudes, and poststratification that uses administrative population data to improve the quality of estimates and correct for differences in sample representativeness. Partially pooled models with data from all countries would be prohibitively slow, so we estimate separate by country models in a way that maintains comparability of estimates across countries. We apply this strategy to data from 13 cross-national research projects from 27 European countries to estimate trajectories of political trust between 1989-2019.},
  author = {Kołczyńska, Marta and Bürkner, Paul-Christian and Kennedy, Lauren and Vehtari, Aki},
  doi = {10.18148/srm/2024.v18i1.8119},
  issn = {18643361},
  journal = {Survey Research Methods},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-19},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP ; CCEB ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Modeling public opinion over time and space: Trust in state institutions in Europe, 1989-2019},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2024.v18i1.8119},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2024
}

@article{ercolano2024autonomia,
  abstract = {Proposals to increase regional autonomy under examination by the Italian Parliament have been motivated by higher allocative efficiency of decentralized supply of public services and regulatory measures based on local specific preferences and demand. According to Oates’ decentralization theorem, local homogeneity of preferences is one of the conditions for making regional supply more efficient. However, preliminary empirical evidence provided in this study suggests that in most cases the degree of regional homogeneity in preferences for the intensity and mode of public intervention is no significantly higher than that found for the country as a whole. Therefore, the condition underlying the argument for the higher allocative efficiency of regions does not appear to be grounded.},
  author = {Ercolano, Salvatore and Petraglia, Carmelo and Scalera, Domenico},
  issn = {2704-6303},
  journal = {Regional Economy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {3-10},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Autonomia differenziata e omogeneità regionale delle preferenze. Un riscontro empirico},
  url = {https://www.regionaleconomy.eu/rivista/re/autonomia-differenziata-e-omogeneita-regionale-delle-preferenze-un-riscontro-empirico/},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kiszkiel2024dataset,
  abstract = {This article presents the Dataset of Integrated Measures of Religion (DIM-R), explains how it was constructed, and outlines its potential for helping to address long-standing research questions in the social scientific study of religion. DIM-R integrates four variables often used to measure religious commitment: self-declared religiosity, religious attendance, prayer, and affiliation/denominational affiliation. These variables are harmonized in four repeated cross-sectional international surveys: European Social Survey, International Social Survey Programme, European Values Study and World Values Survey. Harmonization enables cross-country and over-time comparisons in religiosity leveraging multiple data sources. Unlike the variables in the original datasets, which have different scaling and response options, DIM-R transforms them to a consistent categorization and scaling. The DIM-R dataset can assist social scientists of religion by reducing the data cleaning burden associated with integrating multiple datasets, and by increasing the statistical weight of observations across countries, time, and cohorts. To validate the DIM-R dataset, we present the exact harmonization process and examine the reliability and consistency of our analytic subset of the combined data using linear mixed models.},
  author = {Kiszkiel, Lukasz and Laskowski, Piotr Paweł and Voas, David and Bacon, Rachel J. and Wildman, Wesley J. and Puga-Gonzalez, Ivan and Shults, F. LeRon and Talmont-Kaminski, Konrad},
  doi = {10.1080/2153599X.2024.2305447},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA2150 ; ZA3190 ; ZA4950 ; ZA7570},
  issn = {2153-599X},
  journal = {Religion, Brain & Behavior},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {233-273},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Dataset of Integrated Measures of Religion (DIM-R). Harmonization of religiosity data from selected international multiwave surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2024.2305447},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2025
}

@article{kozak2024minimum,
  abstract = {Minimum wage legislation has spread across rich democracies in recent decades in response to rising inequality and in-work poverty. However, there are concerns that state regulation of wages could reduce incentives to join a union. We empirically test this crowding out hypothesis, using (1) an event-study macro-level analysis of trade union density in 19 advanced capitalist countries between 1960 and 2017 and (2) a multi-level analysis of 32 countries (1981−2020) where we use individual-level union membership as dependent variable. We find no evidence that statutory minimum wage adoption crowds out union density. We also test whether the most vulnerable groups of employees (young, low-skilled and low-income) have a lower propensity to join a union when a minimum wage is introduced but find no effect either.},
  author = {Kozák, Michal and Picot, Georg and Starke, Peter},
  doi = {10.1111/bjir.12809},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {00071080},
  journal = {British Journal of Industrial Relations},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {760-778},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Do minimum wages crowd out union density?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12809},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2024
}

@book{prijatelj2022grenzen,
  abstract = {Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Grenzen der Notwehr aus rechtsvergleichender Perspektive und nimmt die Rechtslage in Deutschland und ausgewählten slawischen Ländern (Slowenien, Kroatien, Serbien, Bosnien und Herzegowina, Polen und Russland) in den Blick. Darüber hinaus werden die Einstellungen der slowenischen Bevölkerungen zur Notwehr empirisch erforscht und den Einstellungen der Deutschen aus der Dresdner Notwehrstudie gegenübergestellt. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass das deutsche Notwehrrecht im Ergebnis – vor allem im Hinblick auf die Sachnotwehr – in der Tat weitgehender im Vergleich zu anderen untersuchten Ländern ist. Die empirische Untersuchung ergibt unter anderem, dass die Bevölkerungseinstellungen zur Notwehr zweier kulturell naher europäischer Bevölkerungen ähnlich sind, obwohl sich die Rechtslage unterscheidet. Der Autor bietet zum Schluss eine entsprechende Notwehrregelung für Deutschland an, die sich nach seiner Auffassung auch für das europäische Strafmodellgesetzbuch eignen würde.},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Prijatelj, Gregor},
  data-doi = {EVS2008},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Duncker & Humblot},
  series = {Schriften zum Strafrechtsvergleich (SRV)},
  title = {Die Grenzen der Notwehr in Deutschland und ausgewählten slawischen Ländern: Ein Rechtsvergleich unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Einstellungen der Bevölkerung zur Notwehr in Deutschland und Slowenien},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2022
}

@article{belov2023value,
  abstract = {The authors consider reasons for the countries uneven development, provide sociological foundations for the study of this phenomenon, examine countries’ sociodynamics, reconstruct a map of countries development in the contemporary global world, and explore the trajectory of Belarus. The authors argue that the vector of sociodynamics is not predetermined, it depends on internal factors, and culture plays a key programming role. Value choice is an important factor determining the pace and direction of the contemporary society evolution. The article is based on the available data of international projects - European Values Study (EVS) and World Values Study (WVS). The period covered by these studies is forty years - from 1981 to 2021, and in Belarus surveys have been conducted since 1990. Authors’ generalizations are based on the Inglehart-Welzel model, and they confirm the hypothesis that the dynamics of value orientations in the Belarusian society follows the trajectory of changes that took place in Western Europe and North America in previous decades. The authors argue that social-demographic groups of the Belarusian society can be placed at different stages of the values transformation, i.e., urban and more educated population of Belarus (mainly the younger and middle-aged groups) are close to contemporary Czech Republic and Slovakia and slightly differ from Austria and Germany in terms of the value orientations.},
  author = {Belov, A. A. and Danilov, A. N. and Rotman, D. G.},
  doi = {10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-2-244-255},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {24088897},
  journal = {RUDN Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {244-255},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Ценностный фактор неравномерности странового развития (Value factor of the countries uneven development)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-2-244-255},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2023
}

@article{darabos2023preelectoral,
  abstract = {Pre-Electoral Trends and Electoral Outcomes: A Polindex Survey Analysis of Luxembourg's 2023 Elections The Political Observatory (Polindex) is a multi-annual sociopolitical study conducted by the Chair of Legislative Studies at the University of Luxembourg. It aims to assess the sociopolitical state of the Grand Duchy in comparison with other European democracies (Germany, France, Italy and the UK). In the spring of 2023, for the first wave of Polindex, we surveyed 1,500 people (1,000 Luxembourgish citizens and 500 foreign residents) who answered a questionnaire comprising approximately 80 questions. The rationale behind the random selection of the participants was to observe Luxembourg's demographic characteristics. In addition, the random selection took place in a proportional manner by using the demographic characteristics such as age, gender and region of residence. The data collected through surveying were coded and processed in SPSS Statistics. This descriptive analysis based on the processed data focuses on the citizens' cohort and introduces the sociopolitical context for Luxembourg's national elections, which took place on 8 October 2023, followed by a demonstration of some key findings of Polindex 2023 that provide a basis for the analysis of electoral dynamics. The article elaborates on the election results in light of these findings, providing a deeper understanding of shifting voting preferences compared to previous elections.},
  author = {Darabos, Agnes and Farhat, Nadim and Poirier, Philippe},
  doi = {10.5553/PLC/.000065},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {2589-9929},
  journal = {Politics of the Low Countries},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {303-320},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Pre-Electoral Trends and Electoral Outcomes: A Polindex Survey Analysis of Luxembourg's 2023 Elections},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5553/PLC/.000065},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2023
}

@book{lesske2024flchtlinge,
  abstract = {Seit 2015 ist der Diskurs über die Flüchtlingspolitik sowie die Einstellungen gegenüber Flüchtlingen ein zentraler Fluchtpunkt der gesellschaftspolitischen Debatte. Von der »Willkommenskultur« bis zum Aufstieg der AFD lassen sich zahlreiche gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen über die Einstellungen gegenüber Flüchtlingen erklären. Felix Leßke zeigt, dass sich diese Einstellungsmuster nicht zufällig, sondern systematisch zwischen verschiedenen sozialen Gruppen verteilen. Sie lassen sich sozialräumlich verorten, so dass sie durch die sozialen Lagen und ihre Verhältnisse gegenüber den Flüchtlingen und anderen sozialen Akteursklassen erklärt werden können. Soziale Konfliktlinien werden dadurch sichtbar und nachvollziehbar, die sozialen Folgen von politischen Entscheidungen lassen sich besser abschätzen. Das Buch verbindet vor dem Hintergrund der Bourdieuschen Theorie eine innovative Theorie von Migration und Integration mit einer umfassenden empirischen Fundierung und trägt dazu bei, die Entwicklungen der vergangenen Jahre zu verstehen.},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  author = {Leßke, Felix},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783593457680},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Campus Verlag},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Flüchtlinge im sozialen Raum: Eine empirische Studie zu Migration und Integration nach Pierre Bourdieu},
  year = 2024
}

@article{dvorak2023political,
  abstract = {The attitude of citizens of the post-communist countries of the CEE region towards public and political engagement is described in the literature as deficient: characterised mainly by civic and political passivity, disenchantment or withdrawal to the private sphere. We challenge this narrative and use the example of Czechia to show that not only ‘deficits’ are present, but also that people have a different understanding of what is political. We point to strong technocratic attitudes in CEE and show that technocratic attitudes are associated with restricted views of political, pushing many issues into the non-political but morally conceived territory of engagement.},
  author = {Dvořák, Tomáš and Wirthová, Jitka},
  doi = {10.1080/13562576.2023.2291647},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {1356-2576},
  journal = {Space and Polity},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {125-147},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Political and public engagement as topological boundary-making: a critique of ‘Deficit’ approaches in post-communist CEE},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2023.2291647},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2024
}

@article{blanchflower2024gender,
  abstract = {Given recent controversies about the existence of a gender wellbeing gap we revisit the issue estimating gender differences across 55 SWB metrics—37 positive affect and 18 negative affect—contained in 8 cross-country surveys from 167 countries across the world, two US surveys covering multiple years and a survey for Canada. We find women score more highly than men on all negative affect measures and lower than men on all but three positive affect metrics, confirming a gender wellbeing gap. The gap is apparent across countries and time and is robust to the inclusion of exogenous covariates (age, age squared, time and location fixed effects). It is also robust to conditioning on a wider set of potentially endogenous variables. However, when one examines the three ‘global’ wellbeing metrics—happiness, life satisfaction and Cantril’s Ladder—women are either similar to or ‘happier’ than men. This finding is insensitive to which controls are included and varies little over time. The difference does not seem to arise from measurement or seasonality as the variables are taken from the same surveys and frequently measured in the same way. The concern here though is that this is inconsistent with objective data where men have lower life expectancy and are more likely to die from suicide, drug overdoses and other diseases. This is the true paradox—morbidity doesn’t match mortality by gender. Women say they are less cheerful and calm, more depressed, and lonely, but happier and more satisfied with their lives, than men.},
  author = {Blanchflower, David and Bryson, Alex},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-024-03334-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA6980 ; ZA7503 ; ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1–45},
  study-id = {ISSP2017 ; EVS1981-2021},
  title = {The Gender Well-Being Gap},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-024-03334-7},
  volume = 173,
  year = 2024
}

@article{rubiomisas2023culture,
  abstract = {This paper provides the first evidence on the role of national culture in the integration of Eurozone life insurance markets. It analyzes seven markets over a sixteen-year sample period that includes the financial crisis. We focus on three cultural values, which are individualism, trust, and hierarchy. The results indicate that collectivism culture increases cost and revenue performance and integration of Eurozone life insurance markets. Trust contributes to this integration, particularly in financial crisis, and egalitarian culture facilitates it in non-crisis time. We find that these relations prevail for unaffiliated single companies, but they weaken or do not even hold for groups of insurers. Our findings are robust with tests designed to alleviate endogeneity concerns.},
  author = {Rubio-Misas, María},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1080/1351847X.2023.2227228},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1351847X},
  journal = {The European Journal of Finance},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {597-617},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Culture and integration of Eurozone life insurance markets},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2023.2227228},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kafka2024pillars,
  abstract = {This study examines the critical interplay between institutional and cultural backgrounds and their collective impact on economic development, suggesting that their synchronized evolution—timing, pace, and direction—boosts economic development, while misalignment hinders it. It seeks to determine if these backgrounds complement or substitute each other in fostering economic development. The analysis employs an unbalanced panel dataset encompassing 113 countries across four decades (1980–2019) through a fixed-effects model enhanced by robustness checks (adding control variables, using alternative analysis methods, and applying adjustment criteria). The analysis uncovers a synergistic relationship between institutional and cultural backgrounds in which each element reinforces the other’s impact on economic development. Countries with robust institutional and cultural backgrounds exhibit the highest levels of economic development, whereas those with weaker backgrounds experience diminished economic progress. This study further reveals that the influence of institutional background on economic development is more pronounced than that of cultural background. However, this effect is significantly amplified when both institutional and cultural backgrounds are considered. Considering these insights, this study recommends that effective development strategies prioritize simultaneously nurturing institutional and cultural backgrounds. This approach is essential for crafting a successful and comprehensive development roadmap.},
  author = {Kafka, Kyriaki I.},
  doi = {10.3390/economies12040076},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {2227-7099},
  journal = {Economies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Dual Pillars of Progress: Institutional and Cultural Dynamics in Economic Development},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12040076},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2024
}

@book{schmitzvardar2024politische,
  abstract = {Das Buch geht der Frage nach, welche Bedeutung der Legitimität der liberalen Demokratie, der Anerkennung des multikulturellen Gemeinwesens und dem Zusammenspiel dieser regime- und gemeinschaftsbezogenen Wertorientierungen für die Resilienz liberaler Demokratien zukommt. In der empirisch-analytischen Arbeit wird ein Konzept der Migrantisierung in der politischen Kulturforschung in ein Modell überführt, das individuelle und kontextuelle Entstehungsbedingungen berücksichtigt. Quantitativ vergleichend wurden die profilbildenden (demokratischen) Wertorientierungen von Bürger:innen in 36 europäischen Gesellschaften mit insgesamt 59.438 Personen von 2017 bis 2021 anhand der repräsentativen Daten der European Values Study (2022) analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Unterstützung der politischen Gemeinschaft in Form der Anerkennung des multikulturellen Gemeinwesens einen politisch-kulturellen Seismograf darstellen. Die vorurteilsbeladene Missbilligung demokratischer Teilhaberechte - verstanden als antidemokratisches Grundelement - ist damit nicht „nur“ ein Angriff auf die Lebensbedingungen migrantisierter Anderer, sondern auf die liberale Demokratie.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Schmitz-Vardar, Merve},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-45168-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Politische Kultur als Migrationsforschung: Demokratische Wertorientierungen in europäischen Einwanderungsgesellschaften},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45168-4},
  year = 2024
}

@article{travaglino2023alternative,
  abstract = {Individuals’ endorsement of standards of civic honesty is necessary for democracies to flourish. A critical driver of civic honesty is the relationship of trust between individuals and institutions. Research has yet to systematically assess the contextual factors that may moderate this relationship. In this study, we examined the societal influence of organized criminal groups. Criminal groups operate as alternative systems of authority that erode the reliability of institutions’ moral standards. We employed a new indicator that quantifies their societal influence to test the hypothesis that the association between individuals’ political trust and civic honesty would weaken in countries more strongly affected by criminal groups. Multilevel evidence across 83 representative national samples (N = 128,839) supported this hypothesis. Moreover, the association between political trust and civic honesty was negative in contexts where criminal groups’ influence was more extreme. We discuss the implications of the findings and future research directions.},
  author = {Travaglino, Giovanni A. and Burgmer, Pascal and Mirisola, Alberto},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.1177/19485506231176615},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  issn = {19485506},
  journal = {Social Psychological and Personality Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {439-449},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Alternative Systems: The Interplay Between Criminal Groups’ Influence and Political Trust on Civic Honesty in the Global Context},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231176615},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2024
}

@article{dahlberg2024exploring,
  abstract = {Survey studies show that popular support for democracy is strong in democratic and non-democratic countries. Naturally, the question is if democracy actually means the same thing in different linguistic, cultural, and political contexts. Mass media is often mentioned as decisive in forming citizens' understandings of democracy, but the media discourse is rarely in focus in comparative studies on popular conceptions of democracy. This article contributes to the debate by analysing data collected from online media in 93 countries. By utilizing tools from natural language processing, we provide new insights based on methods that are both extensive, flexible and cost-efficient. Our analysis shows that the media discourse revolves around democracy as governance, as outcomes and as values, but that these abstract understandings have additional dimensions. Our main contributions are three: (i) we show that the media discourse is related to popular understandings of democracy; (ii) our results indicate that there are common denominators of how the D-word is discussed in media across the globe, but when analysing the dimensions in more detail, common denominators are few and (iii) by relating democracy to everyday politics, media seems to legitimize any regime as democratic rather than being a beacon for liberal democracy.},
  author = {Dahlberg, Stefan and Mörkenstam, Ulf},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2024.2342485},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {13510347},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1766-1797},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Exploring popular conceptions of democracy through media discourse: analysing dimensions of democracy from online media data in 93 countries using a distributional semantic model},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2024.2342485},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2024
}

@article{koning2024politics,
  abstract = {Research on the role of politics in shaping public views about immigration is surprisingly limited. We aim to advance this literature by (1) paying more attention to moderating effects of political variables and (2) analyzing separately how politics shapes empirical perceptions, normatively laden beliefs, and entirely normative attitudes about immigration. We combine socio-economic and political data with public opinion data from 34 European countries and multiple time periods (the European Social Survey of 2002 and 2014 and the European Values Survey of 2008 and 2017) to investigate the role anti-immigrant party success and ideological orientation play in public perceptions about the size of the immigrant population, public beliefs about immigrants’ reliance on welfare and their impact on crime, and public attitudes about socialization with immigrants (having a close relative marry an immigrant). Our main findings are threefold. First, anti-immigrant party success tends to lead to more negative public opinion about immigration. Second, ideological orientation crucially shapes public opinion: not only is it a powerful bivariate predictor of public beliefs and attitudes, but it also interacts in meaningful ways with other influences on public opinion. Third, political variables have a larger effect on value-laden attitudes and beliefs than on perceptions of empirical reality.},
  author = {Koning, Edward Anthony and Kaushal, Neeraj},
  doi = {10.1007/s12134-024-01158-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {18746365},
  journal = {Journal of International Migration and Integration},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {2095–2122},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Role of Politics in Public Views About Immigrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-024-01158-5},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{kizilova2023political,
  address = {London},
  author = {Kizilova, Kseniya and Hearpfer, Christian},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {89-127},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Political Culture: Trust and Regime Support in the Black Sea Region},
  year = 2023
}

@article{brandt2024attitudes,
  abstract = {Abortion policy is conventionally viewed as a political matter with religious overtones. This article offers a different view. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, abortion at a young age can represent prioritization of long-term development over immediate reproduction, a pattern established in other animal species as resulting from stable ecologies with low mortality risk. We examine whether laws and moral beliefs about abortions are linked to local mortality rates. Data from 50 U.S. states, 202 world societies, 2,596 adult individuals in 363 U.S. counties, and 147,260 respondents across the globe suggest that lower levels of mortality risk are associated with more permissive laws and attitudes toward abortion. Those associations were observed when we controlled for religiosity, political ideology, wealth, education, and industrialization. Integrating evolutionary and cultural perspectives offers an explanation as to why moral beliefs and legal norms about reproduction may be sensitive to levels of ecological adversity.},
  author = {Brandt, Elena and Maner, Jon K.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1177/09567976231217410},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {1467-9280},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {111-125},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Attitudes and Laws About Abortion Are Linked to Extrinsic Mortality Risk: A Life-History Perspective on Variability in Reproductive Rights},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976231217410},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{halman2024shifting,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Political Value Change in Western Democracies: Integration, Values, Identification, and Participation},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004665682},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Nevitte, Neil},
  isbn = {9789004665682},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {261-284},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Shifting Sources of Morality: From Religion to Post-Materialism?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004665682},
  year = 2024
}

@article{coron2024gender,
  abstract = {The gender-job satisfaction paradox, i.e., women reporting higher levels of job satisfaction while facing worse working conditions, has been hotly debated by scholars. This article studies the moderating role of national gender ideology in this paradox. In particular, the focus on Anglo-Saxon countries as well as the lack of attention towards the role of national gender ideology have received criticism. National gender ideology moderates the relationship between gender and job satisfaction: in more egalitarian countries, the gender gap of job satisfaction (to the detriment of women) is more important than in countries with more traditional gender ideologies. These results allow us to discuss expectation theory and the transitory nature of the gender-job satisfaction paradox.},
  author = {Coron, Clotilde},
  doi = {10.59876/a-3jt2-ghtd},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1918-9222},
  journal = {Management international},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {10-23},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gender and job satisfaction: a European analysis in the light of gender ideology},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.59876/a-3jt2-ghtd},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{ganiel2024ireland,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Ganiel, Gladys},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Religion in Modern Ireland},
  doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198868699},
  editor = {Ganiel, Gladys and Holmes, Andrew R.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {9780198868699},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {323-340},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Ireland After Secularisation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198868699},
  year = 2024
}

@article{sudo2024negative,
  abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the association between post-materialist values and subjective well-being in European countries, while examining the complex relationships between the diffusion of post-materialist values, economic development, and democratization. This study analyzed data from the European Values Study and World Values Survey between 1981 and 2022 using finite mixture models and fixed-effects models. The results show that the positive association between diffusing post-materialist values and changes in average life satisfaction was mediated by social changes, including economic development and democratization. However, a negative association between economic development and democratization emerged; although both were positively associated with changes in national life satisfaction, their associations could be offset by each other. This implies that while social change is intertwined with social values and subjective well-being, the relationships between them are highly intricate.},
  author = {Sudo, Naoki},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/21665095.2024.2366251},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {21665095},
  journal = {Development Studies Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Negative interaction between democratization and economic development on changes in average life satisfaction: evidence from European countries between 1981 and 2022},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2024.2366251},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2024
}

@article{levin2024ukrainians,
  abstract = {The population's attitude to economic freedom in Ukraine and in countries leading in the world ranking The Index of Economic Freedom is compared. Among Ukrainians, favorable attitude towards increasing the share of private property in business is found to be much less widespread, instead, the support for state property is significantly bigger. It is shown that the reasons for these differences lie in the fact that because of their age, about 38% of the Ukrainian population (as of 2020) was formed in the Soviet socialization system, and a certain part of this age cohort remains sensitive to outdated ideas of absolutizing the role of the state, paternalism, collectivism etc., which largely accounts for the slow pace of social consciousness’s transformation from archaic to modern. In addition, the collective consciousness retains the unsuccessful experience of large-scale privatization in the 1990s, from which the absolute majority of Ukrainians, despite government’s promises, did not receive a tangible profit, instead, amid a decline in their well-being, they observed the rapid enrichment of a minority of fellow citizens, perceived as unfair. Since then, a part of the society does not trust the government's reforms, expecting from them yet another enrichment of the rich through the impoverishment of the poor. A comparison of the public opinion of Ukrainians and residents of countries leading in the economic freedom ranking convincingly demonstrates that Ukrainians have much less trust in the parliamentary, executive, and judicial branches of government. The advisability of introducing a state policy to enhance economic freedom in the post-war Ukrainian society is shown; it is predicted that the success of such a policy will largely depend on the choice of the optimal for the current transitional society (with remnants of archaic mental stereotypes) model of reforms with a reasonable ratio of economic liberalism and restrictions on the part of the state; on the quality of the dialogue between the state and society, aimed at transparently conveying the content and benefits of the necessary reforms, overcoming the tradition of mistrust of them, ensuring public support.},
  author = {Levin, Roman and Yatsenko, Hanna},
  doi = {10.15407/economyukr.2024.01.092},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {23365439},
  journal = {Економіка України},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {92-108},
  study-id = {JointEVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Ставлення українців до економічної свободи (Ukrainians' Attitude Towards Economic Freedom)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2024.01.092},
  volume = 746,
  year = 2024
}

@article{moniz2024dinmicas,
  abstract = {State and Church relations are everywhere a product of years of history and reflect not only the complexity of the different institutional interactions, but also the social pressure and demand surrounding the religious phenomenon. The World Youth Day (WYD) 2023 in Portugal is a good place to investigate the contemporary contours of this phenomenon. It is a living lab of the sepa-ration of State and Church in the country, which allows us to examine new and old religious and political dynamics, especially with the Catholic Church. Through a diachronic analysis of these relationships and a descriptive and analytical methodology, this article analyses the model of sep-aration with cooperation in force in Portugal. It seeks to investigate to what extent the established model of relations between the State and the Church has been challenged by a context such as WYD, in which the public visibility of religion has led to more frequent interactions and a more intense dialogical relationship between the secular and religious fields. It focuses on how WYD pushed the boundaries of this spheres, forcing constant redefinitions in the public space, and analyses how it was received by Portugal’s highest representatives, political parties, and civil society. It can be concluded that although the model of separation was not affected, a system of cooperation with a specific church was promoted by the state, which guaranteed it a prominent place during the days of WYD. This seems to guarantee the stability of this model of positive secularism which, in the future, seems far from being affected.},
  author = {Moniz, Jorge Botelho},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.23925/1677-1222.2024vol24i1a6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {1671-1222},
  journal = {REVER: Revista de Estudos da Religião},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {85-99},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Dinâmicas religiosas e políticas em Portugal: O caso da JMJ 2023 (Religious and political dynamics in Portugal: the WYD 2023 case)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.23925/1677-1222.2024vol24i1a6},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{rusu2023frontiers,
  address = {London},
  author = {Rusu, Horatiu M.},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736 ; 10.4232/1.13899},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0 ; ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {63-88},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Frontiers of National Identities in the Black Sea Countries: People's Views on their Ethnic, Civic, Local, and Regional Ties},
  year = 2023
}

@article{sarracino2024trust,
  abstract = {We use Twitter, Google mobility, and Oxford policy data to study the relationship between trust and compliance over the period March 2020 to January 2021 in ten, mostly European, countries. Trust has been shown to be an important correlate of compliance with COVID-19 containment policies. However, the previous findings depend upon two assumptions: first, that compliance is time invariant, and second, that compliance can be measured using self reports or mobility measures alone. We relax these assumptions by calculating a new time-varying measure of compliance as the association between containment policies and people's mobility behavior. Additionally, we develop measures of trust in others and national institutions by applying emotion analysis to Twitter data. Results from various panel estimation techniques demonstrate that compliance changes over time and that increasing (decreasing) trust in others predicts increasing (decreasing) compliance. This evidence indicates that compliance changes over time, and further confirms the importance of cultivating trust in others.},
  author = {Sarracino, Francesco and Greyling, Talita and Connor, Kelsey J. O' and Peroni, Chiara and Rossouw, Stephanie},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101412},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1570-677X},
  journal = {Economics & Human Biology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Trust predicts compliance with COVID-19 containment policies: Evidence from ten countries using big data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101412},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kozal2023covid19,
  abstract = {As a health crisis, COVID-19 has significantly transformed labor markets and working culture around the world. Working from home, which has become widespread within the scope of pandemic measures, required employees to adapt to a new working order, and its effects on the conflict between work and non-work areas quickly became visible. This study analyzes the factors affecting work-life conflict with the help of logit model, taking into account the gender differences and the differences created by COVID-19 in working styles, using European Values Survey, Round 10 and covering nine European countries. The main finding of the study is that the factors affecting work-life conflict differ according to women, men, and countries. Factors affecting work-life conflict in women are age, religion, education level, income, overworking, frequency of working from home, digital communication with colleagues, satisfaction with the government&#039;s policies towards families with children during the COVID process, and whether or not they have children. For men, age, religiosity, education level, city scale, employment status and digital communication with colleagues are factors that affect work-life conflict.},
  author = {Kozal, Özge Erdölek and İnke, Hakan and Günal, Gülçin Gürel},
  doi = {10.19168/jyasar.1222897},
  issn = {1305-970X},
  journal = {Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 70,
  pages = {252-276},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {COVID-19 Döneminde Evden Çalışma ve İş Yaşam Çatışması: Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Cinsiyet Temelli İlk Bulgular},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.1222897},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kryszak2024impact,
  abstract = {The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the more pro-environmental attitudes of farmers influence the technical efficiency of agricultural sectors in EU regions (NUTS-2). To answer this, I employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) for efficiency analysis combined with the double bootstrapped truncated regression to investigate the relationship between environmental attitudes and technical efficiency. I found that this relationship is positive, i.e. pro-environmental attitudes were related to greater efficiency. An increase in the environmental attitude variable by one standard deviation led to an improvement in efficiency of 2.8–6 p.p. The higher share of farmers with formal training also proved to be a positive and significant determinant of efficiency. The share of arable land on which conventional tillage was used, and soil erosion proved to be significant but negative determinants of efficiency. Policymakers should present to farmers the environmental benefits of agricultural policy but should also highlight that greater environmental awareness translates into a more efficient operation.},
  author = {Kryszak, Łukasz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.17221/46/2024-AGRICECON},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Agricultural Economics – Czech},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {383-394},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The impact of environmental attitudes of farmers on efficiency in the agricultural sector in the European Union},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17221/46/2024-AGRICECON},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{dargent2024catholics,
  abstract = {Ever since they have existed, studies have shown a link between religious affiliation and political behavior. However, the basis for this link is a social science blind spot. This article will therefore focus on the relationships between four poles: religious affiliation, political, moral, and economic attitudes. According to the EVS data, Catholics, Muslims, and the “no religion” group continue to express very different political attitudes in France today. These differences are not reducible to the peculiarities of the social affiliations of their members, nor to their possible migratory origin. And the opposing political attitudes of Catholics and the “no religion” turn out to be only partly due to the cultural attitudes associated with them, in the economic sphere and even more so in the moral sphere.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Dargent, Claude},
  booktitle = {Investigating Forty Years of French Politics Through Value Changes},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_8},
  editor = {Belot, Céline and Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {9783031469589},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {151-181},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Catholics, Muslims and the “nones”: old and new cultural and political divides},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_8},
  year = 2024
}

@article{kollar2023religiosity,
  abstract = {Investigating the relationship between Islamic religiosity and electoral participation amongst Muslim citizens in Western Europe, this study combines insights from the sociology of religion and Islamic studies with political behavior literature thus creating an improved theoretical framework and a richer empirical understanding surrounding the electoral participation of religious minorities. First, we theorize about three underlying dimensions of Islamic religiosity: frequency of mosque attendance, religious identification, and frequency of prayer. Subsequently, we consider how the religiosity–voting relationship is bolstered or hindered by hostile national environments such as more exclusionary policies and practices (e.g., veil banning or exclusionary citizenship laws). Empirically, we use a unique dataset that harmonizes five European surveys, resulting in a sample size of just under 8,000 European Muslims. Using multi-level techniques, we find, contrary to research on majority religiosity, that communal religiosity is unrelated to electoral participation. However, individual religiosity bolsters voting in particular among the second generation. Opposite to our expectation, we find that hostile environments do not seem to lead to different impacts of Islamic religiosity within Western Europe. Our results support the taking of a more fine-grained approach when measuring religiosity and also highlight how the impact varies across genders and generations.},
  author = {Kollar, Rachel and Geurts, Nella and Spierings, Niels},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755773923000334},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {17557739},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {393-412},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religiosity and electoral turnout among Muslims in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773923000334},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kompes2023konfluencija,
  abstract = {The paper examines the stability of the female roles of mother and working mother as they are exemplified in different socio–demographic familial groups (in regard to marital status and number of children) during the transition and post–transition period in Croatia. Based on the social doctrine of the Church, the theoretical starting point of role relationships are confluence and conflict, which are treated here with respect to the “theory of conflict” and the “theory of enrichment”. Two models of women’s roles are developed: the traditional (mother) and dual (working mother) roles. The empirical aspect of this research is based on the last three waves of the European Values Study (1999; 2008; 2018), and it studies the attitudes of the female respondents. The traditional model is examined through an item on attitudes toward the primacy of home and family over a woman’s job, while the dual model is examined on the basis of an item on the negative consequences of the mother’s job upon the child. The economic aspect is examined through an item on work and free time. A simple analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test differences in attitude change in regard to three items, considering the year of measurement and socio–demographic familial factors. The results demonstrate the stability of the traditional model, but also the role conflict for working mothers (dual model), which is linked to economic conditions. The paper puts forth elements which are important for the prevention of role conflict in order to preserve the woman’s subjectivity, selfhood and her motherhood.},
  author = {Kompes, Marijana and Ivanković, Ivna},
  doi = {10.31337/oz.78.4.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {03513947},
  journal = {Obnovljeni Život: časopis za filozofiju i religijske znanosti},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {4.},
  pages = {441-454},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Konfluencija ili konflikt ženskih uloga u kontekstu tranzicije i posttranzicije? (Confluence or Conflict in Women's Roles during Croatia's Transition and Post-Transition Period: Theoretical–Empirical Research on the Attitudes of Croatian Women)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31337/oz.78.4.2},
  volume = 78,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{nikodem2023religioznost,
  abstract = {Religija i ekologija predstavljaju dvije ključne teme kojima se bavio akademik Ivan Cifrić tijekom svoje sociološke karijere. Cilj je ovog rada doprinijeti raspravama o religioznosti i environmentalizmu te njihovoj povezanosti u zemljama suvremene Europe na temelju rezultata Europskog istraživanja vrijednosti (European Values Study). Prvi dio rada bavi se religioznošću u europskim zemljama te promjenama religioznosti kroz vrijeme analizom tri vala istraživanja (1999., 2008. i 2017.) i to kroz tri dimenzije: religijska samoidentifikacija, pohađanje religijskih obreda i vjera u Boga. Uz to, rad provjerava sociodemografska obilježja i političke orijentacije kao prediktore religioznosti u ove tri točke mjerenja. Drugi dio rada bavi se stavovima o zaštiti okoliša kroz dvije čestice povezane sa spremnošću na odricanje od ekonomskog rasta i osobnih prihoda te također provjerava potencijalne prediktore. Treći dio rada provjerava povezanost religioznosti kao mogućeg prediktora environmentalizma u europskim zemljama, koje se dodatno uspoređuje razlikovanjem na razvijene i poslijekomunističke zemlje kako bi se provjerila tzv. „teorija prosperiteta“. Rezultati analize pokazuju da religioznost opada u svim uključenim dimenzijama u zemljama razvijene Europe, dok u zemljama poslijekomunističke Europe taj proces teče sporije ili postoje suprotni trendovi jačanja. Prediktori religioznosti nisu iznenađujući, ali se neki mijenjaju i jačaju (desna politička orijentacija) ili slabe kroz vrijeme, odnosno nisu konzistentni (manja naselja, stupanj obrazovanja). Proekološki stavovi prevladavaju u svim zemljama Europe, no izraženiji su u ekonomski razvijenim, s time da postoje neke individualne razlike u obje skupine koje ukazuju na potrebu dodatnih objašnjenja uz „teoriju prosperiteta“. Konačno, prediktorski sklop za environmentalizam također ne iznenađuje (politički lijevo orijentirani, više obrazovanje, viši prihodi, urbani), dok se religioznost pokazala kao važan prediktor environmentalizma samo u nekoliko zemalja i to ne jednoznačno (Španjolska i Slovenija gdje su zaštiti okoliša skloniji nereligiozniji, a u Češkoj religiozniji).},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav and Trako Poljak, Tijana},
  booktitle = {Život u sjećanju. Znanstveni prilozi i osobne crtice u spomen akademiku Ivanu Cifriću (1946.-2018.)},
  editor = {Nikodem, Krunoslav},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {69-94},
  publisher = {FF Press},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religioznost i zaštita okoliša u suvremenoj Europi. Usporedba među zemljama na temelju Europskog istraživanja vrijednosti (1999, 2008 i 2017)},
  url = {https://www.croris.hr/crosbi/publikacija/prilog-knjiga/830964?lang=en},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{kasselstrand2022atheistic,
  abstract = {This chapter uses data from the World Values Survey, the European Values Study, and the International Social Survey Program to identify the most atheistic societies in the world. This is accomplished by examining levels of (1) self-defined atheism and (2) nonbelief in God. The chapter also explains how these measures differ at the cross-national scale.},
  address = {Sheffield},
  author = {Kasselstrand, Isabella},
  booktitle = {Atheism in five Minutes},
  doi = {10.1558/equinox.43308},
  editor = {Taira, Teemu},
  isbn = {9781800502383},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {85-87},
  publisher = {Equinox Publishing},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {What Are the Most Atheistic Societies?},
  url = {https://www.equinoxpub.com/home/view-chapter/?id=43308},
  year = 2022
}

@article{barone2018educational,
  abstract = {This article assesses trends over time in the influence of social origins on educational attainment in 26 European countries. We use a cumulative dataset that merges the European Social Survey (waves 2002–2010), the International Social Survey Programme (1999, 2009) and the European Value Study (2008). Our contribution to the literature is threefold. First, we replicate as closely as possible the previous study by Breen et al. [(2009) ‘Nonpersistent in educational attainment: Evidence from eight European countries’, American Journal of Sociology 114: 1475–1521] and extend it to a larger set of countries and to more recent cohorts. Second, we reassess the argument that equalization does not involve Higher Education. Third, we consider whether our conclusions change if we use a more comprehensive measurement of social origins that jointly incorporates indicators of social class, social status and parental education. We detect a generalized reduction of educational inequalities in the post-war decades. When we focus on Higher Education, we still detect evidence of equalization, although to a lower extent. Our analyses do not support the claim that, when using a more comprehensive treatment of social origins, the patterns for different indicators evolve in opposite directions.},
  author = {Barone, Carlo and Ruggera, Lucia},
  doi = {10.1080/14616696.2017.1290265},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {14616696},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Educational equalization stalled? Trends in inequality of educational opportunity between 1930 and 1980 across 26 European nations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1290265},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2018
}

@article{zafar2024selfemployment,
  abstract = {Our study utilizes the unique Integrated Values Survey (IVS) dataset, which combines the European Values Study and the World Values Survey, and uses econometric modelling to examine how personality traits relate to self-employment decisions amongst natives, as well as first-generation and second-generation immigrants from 2010 to 2021. We contribute to the literature by focusing on personality traits, as well as literature on immigrant entrepreneurship, particularly for the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to use the IVS dataset, a large multi-country dataset for such analyses. We further focus on different categories of self-employment, including self-employment with and without employees, and examine their determinants. The evidence indicates that risk-taking and innovation indicators are conducive to self-employment. Our study also notes how the association of education and self-employment differs between natives and immigrants.},
  author = {Zafar, Sameen and Ammara, Suman},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-024-01953-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1573-7845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {761–781},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Self-employment of immigrants and natives: an empirical analysis using the Integrated values Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-024-01953-3},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2025
}

@article{page2024progay,
  abstract = {A growing consensus indicates that increasing visibility, awareness-raising, and positive media representations of gay people, through public advocacy and endorsements, contribute to tolerance and support. In particular, existing studies in the West show the promise of celebrity endorsements in promoting pro-gay attitudes. However, an emerging body of research, largely outside the West, points to potential backlash surrounding gay identity. We examine the efficacy of celebrity pro-gay endorsements. In an original survey experiment in Tbilisi, Georgia involving randomized pro-gay endorsements from a prominent Georgian football star, we find that a pro-gay celebrity endorsement reduces tolerance toward gay people. Our results have implications for the success of public messaging on gay identity in conservative social contexts.},
  author = {Page, Douglas and Mironova, Vera and Whitt, Samuel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.1080/21565503.2024.2322995},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {2156-5503},
  journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {220-228},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Does pro-gay messaging from a celebrity athlete work in conservative contexts? Evidence from the Republic of Georgia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2024.2322995},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2025
}

@article{andres2024pandemia,
  abstract = {Cuando irrumpió la pandemia de la COVID-19, se expandió social y mediáticamente la sensación de que nada volvería a ser igual. Pasados unos años, hemos comprobado cómo la pandemia no ha implicado un cambio profundo de las tendencias que estábamos experimentando anteriormente, sino que ha primado la voluntad de normalidad y de continuación de la vida. En este texto me adentraré en las trayectorias religiosas a partir de 2020, rastreando la evolución de las dos posibles alternativas que ya entonces fueron descritas: una sociedad postpandémica más se cularizada o más religiosa/espiritual. Para ello, me centraré en la contextualización de las dinámicas previas a marzo de 2020, las reflexiones surgidas en el momento de mayor preocupación colectiva por la COVID-19 y la evolución posterior, concluyendo que el impacto más importante de la pandemia en este ámbito ha sido la intensificación de las contradicciones sociorreligiosas en sociedades como España.},
  author = {Andrés, Rafeel Ruiz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.37382/sinite.v64i194.1144},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2792-1875},
  journal = {Sinite},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 194,
  pages = {407-4321},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Pandemia y religión: ¿más secularización o más religiosidad? Las contradicciones de la presencia religiosa en la España post-COVID 19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.37382/sinite.v64i194.1144},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2024
}

@article{ibrahim2024political,
  abstract = {Political activism is motivated by the desire for equity in the distribution of social values, raising curiosity about how activism plays out in matters of prejudicial sentiments. Therefore, this work was designed to examine the prediction of immigration-status-based prejudice by activism in a cross-national data context. The data used are secondary data from Wave 7 of the 2017-2021 World Values Survey (N=76 897) and the 2017-2020 European Values Survey (N=58 103), which were conducted in 81 different countries. Binary logistic regression featuring the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze data. Results show that 21.7% of respondents were prejudiced against immigrants while the mean±SD of political activism was 6.46±2.26 (min.=4, max.=12). Politically active respondents were significantly less likely to have prejudice against immigrants (AOR=0.861; 95% CI=0.855, 0.866; p<0.01). Political activism remains a backing for diversity, social inclusion and other elements of left-wing political orientation which align with democratic norms.},
  author = {Ibrahim, Bashirat Abiodun},
  doi = {10.29216/ueip.1370809},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {25872559},
  journal = {Uluslararası Ekonomi İşletme ve Politika Dergisi},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {38-48},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Political Activism and Other Predictors of Immigration-Status-Based Prejudice: Secondary Data Analysis of the World Values Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1370809},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{koniecznasalamatin2024demokracja,
  address = {Warszawa},
  author = {Konieczna-Sałamatin, Joanna},
  booktitle = {Kapitał obywatelski społeczności lokalnych},
  doi = {10.7366/9788368091014},
  editor = {Trutkowski, Cezary},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-83-68091-01-4},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {326-359},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Demokracja lokalna w działaniu–wyniki badań sondażowych},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7366/9788368091014},
  year = 2024
}

@article{mcandrew2023gradualist,
  abstract = {Turpin’s book on religiosity in contemporary Ireland explores the persistence of Irish cultural Catholicism and the poor long-term prospects for active religiosity. The book examines the cultural content of religiosity, irreligion, and unbelief in Ireland, adding to the body of evidence on Irish secularization by probing the moral justifications of former and continuing adherents. Researching incongruent religious behavior is challenging (Chaves, 2010), with multiple methods necessary to account for variation. Turpin shows great methodological range in his account of non-religion and continuing religiosity, and perceptions of continuing adherence among the non-religious, via an online panel survey, participant-observation, semi-structured interviews, and digital ethnography. The description of “Kincaid” is immersive, providing prima facie evidence of the hedonic rewards of secularity: the pub discussions are vivid. The survey includes intriguing features such as the “free list” method, deserving of much wider use. The institutional church’s loss of credibility from the 1990s and 2000s is identified as a key turning point. The book’s attention to the cultural content of religiosity, irreligion, and unbelief in contemporary Ireland will encourage many to the social scientific study of religion in Ireland. An important project for a collective research program is the identification of the origins and causal mechanisms of Irish secularization. This text adds to the body of evidence required, fore-grounding the scandals revealed in the 1990s and 2000s. The Casey affair of 1992 was a key turn-ing-point: a bishop resigned and immediately left the country after press revelation he used church funds to maintain a teenage child. A participant in Hilliard’s longitudinal study of women in Cork described instant demoralization and loss of her own credibility with her daughter: “it damaged my whole life … he should have come out himself and made a statement” (Hilliard, 2003, pp. 42–43). The puzzle is why so many remain attached, given evident moral disgust with the various and extensive revelations. Turpin suggests a range of possible factors: habituation, the emotional draw of a secularized Catholic form of Irishness, communitarian values, and self-interest, each highly-plausible. That the question remains open suggests further attention be paid to cohort-driven change as a key mechanism of religious change in Ireland, ideally tested against longitudinal data. Indeed, the reflections on generational change within families provide some of the most compelling material in the book. Such reflection aids understanding because “individuals are remarkably bad at giving consistent reasons for their behavior” (Vaisey, 2009, p. 1672). Choices in the moment tend to be made in nondeclarative mode (Lizardo, 2017), structured by “deep, largely unconscious networks of neural associations that facilitate perception, interpretation, and action” (Vaisey, 2009, p. 1686). While qualitative methods give rich insight into the justification of choices, it may be difficult for subjects to articulate fundamental motivations, and why a particular choice simply “feels right” (Vaisey, 2009, p. 1689). Dual-process models of culture accordingly propose that “discursive consciousness” is less involved in everyday moral decision-making than often thought (Vaisey, 2009, p. 1690). While the institutional church lost credibility almost instantly on 7 May 1992, the decline may nevertheless more largely reflect the slow workings of individualization, liberalization, and economic security. Attention to cohort effects might also provide additional traction over the question of why cultural Catholicism persists. Cohort-driven approaches have explained religious change in a number of contexts, including Britain (Crockett & Voas, 2006; Field, 2019), Germany (Wolf, 2008), the US (Voas & Chaves, 2016), and in cross-national studies (Norris & Inglehart, 2004; Voas, 2008).},
  author = {McAndrew, Siobhan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1080/2153599X.2023.2262557},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {2153-599X},
  journal = {Religion, Brain & Behavior},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {194-203},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Gradualist change or sudden collapse? Religious decline and residual religiosity in Ireland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2023.2262557},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2025
}

@article{acemoglu2024successful,
  abstract = {Using large-scale survey data covering more than 110 countries and exploiting within-country variation across cohorts and surveys, we show that individuals with longer exposure to democracy display stronger support for democratic institutions, and that this effect is almost entirely driven by exposure to democracies with successful performance in terms of economic growth, control of corruption, peace and political stability, and public goods provision. Across a variety of specifications, estimation methods, and samples, the results are robust, and the timing and nature of the effects are consistent with our interpretation. We also present suggestive evidence that democratic institutions that receive support from their citizens perform better in the face of negative shocks.},
  author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Ajzenman, Nicolás and Aksoy, Cevat Giray and Fiszbein, Martin and Molina, Carlos},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1093/restud/rdae051},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00346527},
  journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {621–655},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {(Successful) democracies breed their own support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdae051},
  volume = 92,
  year = 2025
}

@article{kalashnikova2023dynamics,
  abstract = {The problem of value orientations is the matter of social values choice of every person or every social group, community or society as a whole that is faced in a particular concrete-historical epoch or situation. Russian-Ukrainian war which has been lasting since spring 2014 and on February 24 2022 has come into its hot phase – full-scale military invasion by the Russian Federation on the territory of sovereign Ukraine – has become such a global factor that has radically changed the structure and content of nation value orientation not only of Ukraine but also of many countries in Europe and in the world. The scientific problem of this work is determined by these very historical facts and the necessity of identifying similarities and differences between nation value orientations of Ukraine, Poland, Russia and Belarus in current historical period and also defining the reasons that created two controversial worlds of value orientations: Russian and Belarusian, and Polish and Ukrainian. The aim of this work is to define state, structure and dynamics of nation value orientations of Ukraine, Poland, Russia and Belarus in 2010–2021 period and also to find out the reasons of their transformation and basic tendencies based on comparative analysis. In such a way the analysis of value orientations of the Ukrainian, Polish, Belarussian and Russian people during 2010–2014 and 2017–2021 has stated that all the respondents are similar in the choice of personal life goals and public values-aims: economic stability support, price politics, and also in the choice of public values-instruments: the Polish tend to religiosity, democratic values, society forming, participation in state governing, and the Ukrainian, Belarussian and Russian people tend to making order in the country, improving defence capacity.},
  author = {Kalashnikova, L. V. and Lobanova, A. S. and Pryhodko, О. О.},
  doi = {10.32782/apfs.v045.2023.20},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {2410-3071},
  journal = {АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ФІЛОСОФІЇ ТА СОЦІОЛОГІЇ Наукове фахове видання},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {109-118},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Dynamics of Value Orientations of the Population of Ukraine, Poland, Russia and Belarus (2010–2022): Comparative Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32782/apfs.v045.2023.20},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2023
}

@article{marie2024immigration,
  abstract = {The association between immigration and crime has long been a subject of debate, and only recently have we encountered systematic empirical evidence on this issue. Data shows that immigrants, often younger, male, and less educated compared to natives, are disproportionately represented among offenders in numerous host countries. However, existing research, inclusive of our analysis of new international data, consistently indicates that immigration does not significantly impact local crime rates in these countries. Furthermore, recent studies underscore that obtaining legal status diminishes immigrants' involvement in criminal activities. Finally, we discuss potential explanations for the apparent incongruity between immigrants' overrepresentation among offenders and the null effect of immigration on crime rates.},
  author = {Marie, Olivier and Pinotti, Paolo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1257/jep.38.1.181},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {08953309},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {181-200},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Immigration and Crime: An International Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.38.1.181},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2024
}

@article{petrovic2024bulgarias,
  abstract = {This paper analyses the socio-political position and role of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the context of the country’s accession to the European Union. The authors consider these aspects from the perspective of distinctive circumstances and attitudes within the Church, which significantly differed from those of state authorities in the context of European integration. The limitations of the Church in terms of socio-political influence were closely tied to existential challenges, such as schisms and exposure to state intervention, coupled with a low degree of religiosity. Given the extensive reach of the Europeanization process affecting political, economic, and social dimensions and the historical influence of Orthodox churches on political decision-making and public opinion, the authors seek to explore the political ramifications of isolationist tendencies, internal divisions, and public perceptions, coupled with the ambivalence between political pro-Westernism (pro-Europeanism) and religious anti-Westernism. The hypothesis posits that the Church did not have a prominent role in the course of European integration as a consequence of the isolationist tendencies derived from its recent history. To investigate this assumption, the authors rely on the rational choice perspective of religious institutions. Additionally, the authors examine the Church’s recent history and challenges, its unusual position within the Orthodox world, and the geopolitical
circumstances that have increasingly marginalised religious authorities in favour of state decision-makers.},
  author = {Petrović, Miloš and Veselica, Milan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.18485/iipe_ria.2024.75.1190.4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {The Review of International Affairs},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1190,
  pages = {83-108},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Bulgaria’s EU Accession: Between Ecclesiastical Concerns and the State’s Pro-Western Outlook},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_ria.2024.75.1190.4},
  volume = 75,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kitsnik2023robust,
  abstract = {Rising socio-economic inequality has been paired with tolerance of inequality. When explaining individual tolerance of unequal income distribution, contextual factors capturing socio-economic conditions and objective inequality are less important than individual-level values and beliefs about the origins of and reasonings behind the unequal circumstances. These inequality-legitimizing narratives constitute a range of ideas from equal opportunities and individual liberties to egalitarian values and beliefs about the function of meritocracy. Findings from the linear mixed effects models on the cross-sectional data from the Integrated Values Study (2017–2020) on 34 OECD countries support the argument that individuals’ agreement with inequality legitimizing narratives predicts higher tolerance of unequal income distribution. However, country-level objective inequality and economic prosperity both fail to directly predict tolerance of unequal incomes. When compared to contextual factors, the acceptance of inequality legitimizing narratives is a significantly better predictor of inequality tolerance.},
  author = {Kitsnik, Joanna},
  doi = {10.1163/15691330-bja10092},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {1569-1330},
  journal = {Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {589-630},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Why We Don’t Mind the Gap: The Robust Role of Individual Beliefs on Enduring Unequal Income Distribution – Evidence from 34 Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10092},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2023
}

@article{budak2024korupcija,
  abstract = {The paper explores Croatian citizens' attitudes, perceptions of corruption, and trust in institutions before and after Croatia'saccession to the EU. The empirical research was conducted by comparing the survey conducted in 2022 with the same questions from the 1999, 2008, 2010, and/or 2017 surveys. The recent survey was replicated after sufficiently long periods to observe changes in public attitudes, perceptions, and behavior in Croatia today and compare them to those before EU membership. The main research question is whether corruption has decreased or increased since Croatia joined the EU. The results point to the EU's weak influence in reducing corruption and strengthening trust in institutions for the newest EU member state that was supposed to meet the rigorous conditions of admission in this segment. Indeed, in Croatia, the perception of corruption increased after joining the EU. The outcomes worsened in all observed dimensions: corruption became the most important problem in Croatia, n corruptive behavior of public employees is consideredfrequent, and the perceived 0 corrupt practices in public institutions as increasing. The most corrupt institutions are the local and central government, political parties, and the judiciary. High perceptions of corruption prevalence follow the public's opinion that reporting corruption is futile and risky. The opinion that corruption is sometimes o the only means of achieving the goal is gaining importance, primarily because citizens lack trust in (corrupt) institutions. Citizens have little or no trust in the highest institutions of executive, legislative, and judicial power: the Government, m the Parliament, and the judiciary. This empirical survey of citizens' attitudes and perceptions of corruption before and after Croatia'saccession to the EU provides insight into the direction and intensity of changes, thus contributing to the scarce literature on the relationshipbetween corruption in member states and the institutionalframework of the EU. Related policy measures are offered.},
  author = {Budak, Jelena and Skrinjaric, Bruno},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.31297/hkju.24.1.1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Croat. & Comp. Pub. Admin.},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {147-182},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Korupcija i povjerenje u institucije u Hrvatskoj prije i poslije ulaska u Europsku uniju (Corruption and Trust in Institutions in Croatia before and after the EU Membership Equality Institutions, Corruption and Trust in Institutions)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.24.1.1},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2024
}

@article{vitale2011surveys,
  abstract = {Opinion polls research on feelings of hostility towards minorities open up deep normative and deontological questions. In the first part of the paper we present the results of a European comparison on feelings of hostility, looking at changes in time and space, to avoid reification and determinism. Then we discuss what kind of social groups (for social stratification, regional area, urban dimension, political attitudes) present anti-gypsy beliefs, and which type of policies are mostly envisaged. In the third part, comments of the Italian Roma on these data are resumed. In the last part, we discuss from a pragmatic point of view about the responsibility of opinion polls research, on effects of logical blindness and on the relevance of a relational approach to write about stereotypes.},
  author = {Vitale, Tommaso and Claps, Enrico and Arrigoni, Paola},
  doi = {10.3270/35079},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4743 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {19725094},
  journal = {Comunicazione politica},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {167-196},
  study-id = {EB69.1 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Surveys and their use: Problems of logical blindness starting with the Roma case},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3270/35079},
  year = 2011
}

@article{martinez2024intersectionality,
  abstract = {This article focuses on the health perceptions of people across social strata and nations using the combined dataset of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study (EVS/WVS). An intercategorical intersectional analysis model was developed to examine the social determinants underlying differences in health perceptions. Using logistic regression of the interactions between sex, age, level of educational attainment and income, we calculated the impact of these variables (main effects) and their interactions within the intersecting categories on health perceptions. The group with the best perception of their health includes men aged 16?49, with a high income and an upper-middle level of education. Comparative analysis has been carried out to identify differences in the influence of intersectional categories across countries. Of particular relevance is the number of Eastern European countries where the perception of people aged 50 and over with low income is very poor.},
  author = {Martinez, Pilar Rodriguez and Lirola, Francisco Villegas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670 ; 10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29319},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0 ; ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {2405-8440},
  journal = {Heliyon},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021 ; EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Intersectionality on the perception of health in two cross-national surveys (WVS and EVS)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29319},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2024
}

@article{khilkhanov2024systemic,
  abstract = {The systemic approach is most fully manifested in the compilation of various types of typologies and classifications. In this article, we will consider the implementation of a systemic approach to determining cultural distance in the typology of World Values Research (WVR). The results of the WVS in Russia for 2017–2022 (7 th wave), which are publicly available are considered. R. Inglehart (curator and author of the World Values Study) implements a systematic approach in his diagram in the space of two multicomponent factors: traditional/secular-rational values and values of survival/self expression. The entire social and cultural space is divided for us into I and the Other. This division is carried out on visible and invisible signs in a complex process of identification/self-identification. Cultural distance in the form of markers determines the uniqueness and difference of one’s culture or subculture from another. Diacritics of cultural distance can be different signs, while the native language and religion are recognized as the basic ones. Most of these signs are significant only in the complex. Moreover, they are constantly changing. R. Inglehart rethought the theory of modernization, proving that with the growth of existential security in modern society, post-materialistic values inevitably transform into secular values and values of self-expression. The World Values Survey 2017–2022 was conducted on 290 thematic issues. As a result, it was revealed that indicators of attitudes towards other races, nationalities, and speakers of other languages are closely inter- related with a religious factor. In this classification, the religious factor is the basic one for determining cultural distance, which is proved by the results of a study on Russia. In Russian conditions, the religious factor becomes even more significant due to the fact that the majority of respondents recognize that religion and religious institutions play either a significant or important role in their lives.},
  author = {Khilkhanov, D. L.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.25688/2223-6872.2024.49.1.01},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {СИСТЕМНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И СОЦИОЛОГИЯ},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {5-12},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Системный Подход В Исследованиях Культурной Дистанции (на Примере Типологии Всемирного Исследования Ценностей) (A Systemic Approach To Cultural Distance Research (using The Typology Of The World Values Study As An Example))},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.25688/2223-6872.2024.49.1.01},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2024
}

@article{brechon2023lvolution,
  abstract = {For more than 40 years, the European Values Study (EVS) has carried out very in-depth surveys at regular intervals (9-10 years) in more than 30 European countries to study the evolution of value systems. Futuribles has reported on these at each new wave, as we recalled in July 2021 when Pierre Bréchon unveiled the first findings of the last wave (carried out in 2017). On the publication of the work presenting the trends and results of the 2017 wave, Pierre Bréchon delves deeper into the question, stressing particularly the changes observed in terms of individualization (the desire for autonomy) and individualism (the pursuit of one’s strict personal self-interest) in different areas of life. For example, the trend toward individualization is continuing, particularly in the family sphere and political behaviour, whereas individualism is tending to regress (with altruism and solidarity reinforcing each other). But these developments are very specific to Northern, Western — and even Southern — Europe. Eastern Europe and Russia display, by contrast, a lower degree of individualization and a distinctly more marked individualism. Here Pierre Bréchon runs through the characteristics of the evolution by generation, by level of religiosity, and for the various survey ‘waves’ and the geographical areas studied. He offers a cross-typology approach to individualism and individualization, which he then cross-compares with a number of social, demographic and political variables, providing new interpretations and insights for these two dimensions. If reduced individualism in large parts of Europe gives cause for optimism about social cohesion, the wide cultural divides still persisting between East and West somewhat diminish the prospects for a genuine convergence of values on the European continent in the broad sense — i.e. from the Atlantic to Russia.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.3917/futur.456.0043},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Futuribles},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 5,
  pages = {43-59},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {L’évolution des valeurs en Europe. Individualisation croissante, individualisme en baisse, clivages Est / Ouest (Changes in Values in Europe Increasing Individualization and Decreasing Individualism, with some East-West Divides)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/futur.456.0043},
  volume = 456,
  year = 2023
}

@article{szczygielski2023moral,
  abstract = {According to the latest research institutional trust may serve as a significant predictor of prosociality. The main purpose of this article is to examine types of trust as predictors of moral attitudes “towards”, “away” and “against” people. Another aim is to examine institutional trust as a predictor of moral attitudes in correlation to other significant predictors, like religiousness, education and size of town. This paper presents analysis in the course of which interpersonal and institutional trust has been confirmed as alternative (potentially competing) predictors of moral attitudes than other established variables, e.g., religiousness. Presented findings allow to pose the question about the future of religion in stable, democratic societies.},
  author = {Szczygielski, Dominik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Roczniki Nauk Społecznych},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {143-164},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Moral Attitudes in Poland: “Towards”, “Away” and “Against People” – Socio-Cultural Determinants and Religious Implications. Based on European Values Study 2017},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1201708},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@article{tsolmon2023information,
  abstract = {Research Summary: This study examines the role of information in the gender gap in the executive labor market from the market frictions perspective. I ask whether increases in objective and reliable information about managerial quality close the gender gap in career advancements. To obtain exogenous variation in the availability of information, I exploit a natural experiment provided by the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 2005 by the European Union countries. I find that when reliable and objective information is more available, women executives are more likely to be hired away with promotion than men, especially from high-performing firms. However, the gains in advancement rates are dampened in regions where societal views on women in the workplace are less favorable. Managerial Summary: Bridging opportunity gaps for underrepresented groups remains a significant challenge for firms and policymakers. This research investigates the role of transparent financial disclosures by firms in closing the gender gap in executive promotions. Utilizing the adoption of the IFRS in EU countries, the study finds that women executives are more likely to be hired away with promotion than men, especially from high-performing firms. However, less favorable societal views about working women weaken these effects. The study suggests that firms can leverage informational asymmetry in the labor market to access high-quality managerial resources. Concurrently, firms must be cognizant of how financial regulations may affect their competitive edge in the executive talent market and adjust their internal retention policies accordingly.},
  author = {Tsolmon, Ulya},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1002/smj.3563},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {01432095},
  journal = {Strategic Management Journal},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {680-715},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The role of information in the gender gap in the market for top managers: Evidence from a quasi‐experiment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3563},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2024
}

@article{zanella2024volatility,
  abstract = {Measures of cultural attitudes derived from the World Values Survey are often used in economics to investigate the relation between individual culture and aggregate output. We show (i) that these measures are constructed from underlying variables that exhibit within-country volatility and time trends; and (ii) that such lack of persistence implies fragile correlations between cultural measures and output. These points are illustrated by revisiting prominent studies in this literature.},
  author = {Zanella, Giulio and Bellani, Marina M.},
  doi = {10.1111/ecin.13202},
  issn = {00952583},
  journal = {Economic Inquiry},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {675-697},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The volatility of survey measures of culture and its consequences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.13202},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{reine2023intergenerational,
  abstract = {Intergenerational solidarity in the Baltic states and Nordic countries has gained heightened significance, catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research delves into the evolving dynamics of mutual support, care, and respect across generations, emphasizing the role of family values, sociocultural context, and economic factors. Amid global health challenges, intergenerational cooperation emerged as essential, with older individuals’ vulnerabilities underscoring the need for assistance and support from younger generations. By analyzing responses from these regions, the study explores functional and economic exchange, while considering cultural values and historical influences. The pandemic’s impact on assistance patterns and the interplay between COVID-19 restrictions in Baltic and Nordic countries are examined. Ultimately, this research sheds light on the intricate fabric of intergenerational relationships, offering insights into maintaining societal resilience and cohesion during transformative times.},
  address = {Rijeka},
  author = {Reine, Ieva and Reine, Agnese and Ivanovs, Andrejs and Kairys, Antanas and Guðmundsson, Halldór S. and Koroļeva, Ilze and Miķelsone, Madara and Kuļigina, Nadežda and Rajevska, Olga and Zamalijeva, Olga and Tomsone, Signe},
  booktitle = {Intergenerational Relations - Contemporary Theories, Studies and Policies },
  data-doi = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  doi = {10.5772/intechopen.1003076},
  editor = {Klimczuk, Andrzej},
  gesis-study_no = {10.4232/1.13897},
  isbn = {9781837694518},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-39},
  publisher = {IntechOpen},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Intergenerational solidarity in the Nordic and Baltic regions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1003076},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{tausch2024greening,
  abstract = {This study focuses on the analysis of public opinion survey data on trust in and participation in environmental movements from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey, covering 88 countries and territories from 2017 onwards. Are we witnessing a greening of the Global South? Most of the existing, highly influential studies on this topic are based on earlier waves of the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey, with only a limited number of countries from the Global South covered in the surveys.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Tausch, Arno},
  booktitle = {Global Energy Transition and Sustainable Development Challenges, Vol. 1: Models and Regions},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-67583-6_1},
  editor = {Devezas, Tessaleno and Leitão, João and Sarygulov, Askar and LePoire, David J. and Khusainov, Bulat},
  isbn = {9783031675836},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-27},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Greening of the Global South? Analysing World Values Survey and European Values Survey Data on Environmental Movements in 88 Countries and Territories from 2017 to 2021},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67583-6_1},
  year = 2024
}

@article{johansson2024predicting,
  abstract = {Introduction: This article explores how individual-level attitudes towards the exchange of sexual services for payment differ between the Nordic countries. The sparse existing research points to gender and general attitudes towards sexual behavior as powerful predictors of attitudes towards the exchange of sex for payment. However, there are no previous research agendas that attempt to explain variance in such attitudes including all the Nordic countries. Methods: We estimate regression models utilizing data from the joint Wave 5 European Values Study (EVS)/World Values Survey (WVS) Wave 7 (EVS 2017; WVS, 2020) asking about the acceptability of prostitution to predict attitudes towards the exchange of sexual services for payment in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Results: The findings point to considerable variation in attitudes towards the exchange of sex for payment in the Nordic countries. The attitudinal differences align with how the different Nordic governments have approached the issue at hand. Moreover, the results suggest that gender and attitudes towards non-committal casual sex play a critical role in determining attitudes towards the exchange of sex for payment. The impact of attitudes towards non-committal casual sex on attitudes towards the acceptability of exchanging sex for payment is different for women when compared to men in four of the five countries. Conclusions: The empirical results provide convincing evidence that women are less likely than men to translate liberal attitudes towards general sexual behavior into lenient attitudes towards the exchange of sex for payment. Policy Implications: The results indicate that government policies play a crucial role in shaping public attitudes towards the exchange of sex for payment, and policymakers should consider the potential impact of their stance on the issue. Policymakers and others who want to shift attitudes towards the exchange of sex for payment in the Nordic region should be cognizant of their interconnectedness with gender and attitudes towards non-committal casual sex.},
  author = {Johansson, Isabelle and Hansen, Michael A.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s13178-024-00940-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1553-6610},
  journal = {Sexuality Research and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Predicting Attitudes Towards the Exchange of Sexual Services for Payment: Variance in Gender Gaps Across the Nordic Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-024-00940-5},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{nica2021burnout,
  abstract = {The present paper deals with burnout as a challenge of our modern business world, given the phenomenon of heavy work investment in our society. The present article is emphasizing the strong connection between business, psychology, and medicine when dealing with people working in a modern, international business environment. The research methods are multi-disciplinary, combining elements of business, corporate culture, psychology, and even medical issues that are relevant in this context. The research methods used in the present paper are qualitative methods, metadata, and interviews (the questionnaire as a qualitative method) completed by the assessment of data and by proposing appropriate indicators ensuring the monitoring of burnout tendencies in companies. The paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach, bringing together aspects of business and economics, psychology, life sciences, sociology, ethical issues, and cultural issues related to work. A tool for detecting burnout is analyzed. The research results can be relevant for managers and human resources departments.},
  address = {Hershey},
  author = {Nica, Elvira and Şanta, Ana-Maria Iulia and Valaskova, Katarina and Horga, Maria Gabriela},
  booktitle = {Research Anthology on Changing Dynamics of Diversity and Safety in the Workforce},
  doi = {10.4018/978-1-6684-2405-6.ch004},
  editor = {{Information Resources Management Association}},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {53-65},
  publisher = {IGI Global},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Burnout: A Challenge for Companies in the Modern Business Environments},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2405-6.ch004},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{hollinger2024einfluss,
  abstract = {Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass sich an den Demonstrationen und Protestaktionen gegen die Covid-Schutzmaßnahmen der Regierung neben rechtsextremen Gruppen und Anhänger*innen der rechtspopulistischen FPÖ auch zahlreiche Menschen mit einem Näheverhältnis zu Spiritualität, Esoterik und Alternativmedizin beteiligten, werden in diesem Beitrag zwei Fragestellungen untersucht: (1) Welchen Einfluss haben religiöse und spirituelle Orientierungen auf die Wahrnehmung der Pandemie, den Glauben an Covid-Verschwörungstheorien und die Haltung zu den staatlich angeordneten Covid-Schutzmaßnahmen (soziale Distanzregeln, Maskentragen, Schließung von öffentlichen Einrichtungen, Covid Schutzimpfung)? (2) Inwieweit besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen Spiritualität und Esoterikgläubigkeit, Glauben an Covid-Verschwörungstheorien und der Präferenz für die FPÖ? Die Analyse der österreichischen Daten der Values-inCrisis-Panelstudie bestätigt, dass Menschen mit einer Affinität zu spirituellen Praktiken, Esoterik und alternativmedizinischen Heilverfahren tatsächlich signifikant häufiger an Covid-Verschwörungstheorien glauben und Covid-Schutzmaßnahmen häufiger ablehnen als Kirchlich-Religiöse und Nicht-Religiöse. Es lässt sich jedoch nicht nachweisen, dass Spirituelle und Anhänger*innen der Alternativmedizin überdurchschnittlich häufig der FPÖ nahestehen. Die Vorbehalte gegenüber den vorherrschenden schulmedizinischen Ansätzen zur Eindämmung des Covid-19-Virus führten allerdings dazu, dass es im Verlauf der Pandemie auch im spirituellen und alternativmedizinischen Milieu zu einer Annäherung an politische Parteien kam, die die Covid-Maßnahmen der Regierung bekämpften},
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Höllinger, Franz},
  booktitle = {Die Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf die österreichische Gesellschaft: Ergebnisse der Längsschnittstudie „Werte in der Krise 2020–2022“},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748942696-201},
  editor = {Aschauer, Wolfgang and Eder, Anja and Prandner, Dimitri},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {201-228},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Der Einfluss religiöser Orientierungen auf die Haltung zu den Covid-Schutzmaßnahmen},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748942696-201},
  year = 2024
}

@article{prati2023religion,
  abstract = {The idea that religion is important for people’s well-being is widespread in social sciences. Current empirical evidence supporting this idea is largely based on research focusing on statistical significance. In this study, the strengths of associations between religious indicators and subjective and psychological well-being were investigated. In the first study, data from the European Value Study and the World Value Survey involving 645.249 participants and 115 countries were used. In the second study, data were taken from three longitudinal investigations: the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, and the Midlife in the United States. Multilevel analyses revealed that the explained variance of the effects of religious predictors at Level 1 and Level 2 on subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction and happiness) was very small or negligible (Study 1). The effect size estimates of the prospective associations between religious predictors and later psychological and subjective well-being were very small or negligible (Study 2). Taken together, the results of the current investigation suggest that the direct effect of religion on well-being does not seem to have practical relevance. Although religion plays an essential role in the lives of many individuals, the results of the present study call into question the practical significance and utility of using religion per se for the prediction of well-being. },
  author = {Prati, Gabriele},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1037/rel0000515},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {19431562},
  journal = {Psychology of Religion and Spirituality},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {367–377},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Religion and well-being: What is the magnitude and the practical significance of the relationship?},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rel0000515},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{procter2024individual,
  address = {Tillburg},
  author = {Procter, Michael and Hornsby-Smith, Michael P.},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society: The European's Religion at the End of the 20th Century},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Riis, Ole},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665705},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {83-103},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990},
  title = {Individual Religiosity, Religious Context and Values in Europe and North America},
  year = 2024
}

@article{matthaei2023relative,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the importance of trust in international institutions for the development of tax morale by focussing on interactions between trust in the national government and trust in the European Union (EU) or trust in the United Nations (UN). Using large-scale survey data from European countries, we provide evidence that all three trust variables are significantly related to the individual level of tax morale. Overall, the results regarding trust in the EU and the UN are very similar, while trust in the national government appears to be the main factor in driving tax morale. However, depending on the national context, trust in the national government interacts differently with trust in different international institutions with respect to the shaping of tax morale.},
  author = {Matthaei, Eva and Chan, Ho Fai and Schmidt, Charlotte and Torgler, Benno},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1080/20954816.2022.2157235},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {20954816},
  journal = {Economic and Political Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {400-418},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Relative trust and tax morale},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2022.2157235},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2023
}

@article{damhuis2024politics,
  abstract = {The role of emotions in politics is drawing increasing scholarly attention. Yet, despite this heightened interest, the ways in which politicians concretely appeal to emotions of their target audience are still blurry. Let aside how they do so in different contexts. This article focuses on an affect that is frequently mentioned as the key driver explaining the electoral appeal of populist radical right-wing parties (PRRPs): resentment. In that respect, several authors have used the term “the politics of resentment,” even though the exact definition of resentment often remains unclear. In this article, we theorize what resentment precisely is and how it is used politically, and hypothesize how it is mobilized in different ways by PRR parties in different contexts. Empirically, then, we employ content analysis to study a corpus of party documents of PRRPs in three West and two East European countries from 2004 onwards and identify three types of resentment mobilized by the radical right: (1) redistributive resentment; (2) recognitory resentment; and (3) retributive resentment. Despite being expressed in a more heterogeneous way than we theoretically expected, these forms of resentment share important commonalities that, we argue, can help to better understand the electoral appeal of radical right-wing parties.},
  author = {Damhuis, Koen and Rashkova, Ekaterina R.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2024.1390228},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {26733145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The politics of resentment: what is it and how is it mobilized by populist radical right-wing parties in different contexts?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1390228},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{fluchtmann2023perceptions,
  abstract = {Since there is little evidence that family policy or observed economic outcomes offer clear explanations for the decline in birth rates in the 2010s, researchers have started to consider other factors that may have played a role. There is some evidence that perceptions about the current economic situation in households and in the world can have some impact on fertility choices. Equally, norms and attitudes have shifted from being pro-family to being more in favour of fulfilling personal potential on a wider scale and this can have had a role in dampening young adults’ desire to have children. The exact role of subjective factors such as perceptions, norms, and attitudes is notoriously hard to measure quantitatively. Nevertheless, recent country-specific and comparative studies have started mapping how subjective factors may have played a role in the fall in births in many OECD countries since the financial crisis. This chapter discusses the role that perceptions, norms, and attitudes may play in family formation and outlines some of the recent findings in this research.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Fluchtmann, Jonas and Gustafsson, Maja},
  booktitle = {Exploring Norway's Fertility, Work, and Family Policy Trends},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1787/03adac72-en},
  editor = {{OECD}},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {110-130},
  publisher = {OECD Publishing},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017- 2021},
  title = {How perceptions, norms, and attitudes can affect family formation in Norway},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1787/03adac72-en},
  year = 2023
}

@article{may2023careless,
  abstract = {While exclusionary national identities are widespread among Europeans, relatively few people vote for the far right in most countries. Thus, an exclusionary identity in many cases does not lead to voting for the most nativist types of parties. We explain this empirical puzzle by showing that these identities need to be activated to become behaviourally relevant. To this end, we analyse longitudinal comparative data of over 135,000 individuals across more than 26 years and 26 countries combining different survey programmes and manifesto data. We use latent class analysis to show that over half of respondents hold exclusionary conceptions of nationhood. Moreover, this type of national identity predicts voting far right. Using multi-level modelling and within-country estimators, we further demonstrate that this relationship is significantly stronger when a country's political elites across all parties become more exclusionary. Taking the activation hypothesis to the test in a European context, we conclude that the effect of national identity is conditional on its prior activation.},
  author = {May, Antonia C. and Czymara, Christian S.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.2880 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.12312},
  doi = {10.1111/nana.12985},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA2880 v1.1.0 ; ZA3910 v2.1.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0},
  issn = {13545078},
  journal = {Nations and Nationalism},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {90-109},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013},
  title = {Careless whisper: Political elite discourses activate national identities for far-right voting preferences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12985},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2024
}

@article{besic2023intergenerational,
  abstract = {This paper explores the effect of parental social status achievement on their children’s achievement. While previous research has extensively discussed the impact of parental social and cultural capital on children’s achievements, our study delves deeper into its broader implications for a country’s economic and institutional performance. Our findings reveal a noteworthy link between the strength of the parent-child achievement relationship and a nation’s economic and institutional performance. Countries with robust institutions and thriving economies tend to exhibit weaker parent-child achievement connections. Intriguingly, the former Yugoslav countries and Southeast Europe demonstrate stronger such relationships compared to Western Europe. Additionally, we identify a negative generational trend in the effect of parental socio-economic status on their children’s status, signaling a potential path toward a more meritocratic society for future generations. We employ various regression techniques, including multi-level modeling and Structural Equation Modeling, to illuminate complex relationships, utilizing data from the World Bank and the European Values Study in our methodological approach.},
  author = {Bešić, Miloš},
  doi = {10.2298/SOC2304495B},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Sociologija},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {495-516},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Intergenerational mobility’s impact on institutional and economic performance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC2304495B},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dluhosch2024uncertainty,
  abstract = {The fact that real incomes and living standards have improved in numerous countries and for many individuals stand in stark contrast to the discontent with government seemingly showing up in populist movements around the world. By marrying microdata of the 2017-2020 European and World Values Surveys on confidence in government with text-mining data on uncertainty as provided by the World Uncertainty Index, this paper explores in an international cross-sectional ordered logit analysis how narratives as to insecurity undermine confidence in government and thus provide fertile ground for political conflict and a them-versus-us attitude vis-à-vis the political 'elite'. Alas, to conclude that a stronger role of government in the economy, often considered 'social insurance', would twist results favourably for government is mistaken. What matters is that institutions lend stability to expectations as to policies, government services and the separation of powers.},
  author = {Dluhosch, Barbara and Stange, Ana Soliz de},
  doi = {10.1504/IJPP.2024.138375},
  issn = {1740-0619},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Policy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {191-217},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Uncertainty - a unifying approach to populism and confidence in government},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2024.138375},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2024
}

@article{schmidt2023zielkonflikte,
  author = {Schmidt, Christoph M.},
  doi = {10.1515/pwp-2023-0052},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 4,
  pages = 378,
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Zielkonflikte},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/pwp-2023-0052},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{yendell2024antimuslimische,
  abstract = {"Seit 2015 haben wir einen massiven Zuwachs an Erfolgen sogenannter Rechtspopulist:innen. Diese sind maßgeblich auf ihre antipluralistische Ausrichtung und eine Kampagne gegen die Einwanderung von Muslim:innen zurückzuführen. Dabei mobilisieren die Mitglieder der extremen Rechten bestehende Vorurteile und rassistische Einstellungen, um sie in Wählerstimmen umzumünzen. Damit liegt ihnen an Polarisierung, wie sie auch das Verständnis eines homogenisierenden Zusammenhalts gegen den plural angelegten demokratischen Zusammenhalt in Stellung bringen. Globalisierung wird genauso wie Pluralisierung als schädlich für »die Nation« und »das Volk« angesehen. Diese Prozesse gelten für Deutschland wie viele andere Staaten Europas. Existiert ein grundsätzliches antimuslimisches Klima, dann kann die Folge sein, dass Rechtspopulist:innen sogar die Macht für sich gewinnen – und meist einen Umbau der Demokratie in ein autokratisches System anstreben. Auf diese Weise gefährden Rechtspopulist:innen einen demokratischen Zusammenhalt – und antimuslimische Einstellungen sind eines ihrer zentralen Mittel dazu." Die Daten des ALLBUS aus dem Jahr 2021 werden in diesem Beitrag als Hauptdatensatz verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 39. Fassung, Dezember 2024},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  author = {Yendell, Alexander and Pickel, Gert},
  booktitle = {Varianzen des Zusammenhalts: Historisch und transregional vergleichende Perspektiven},
  data-doi = {ZA7500},
  editor = {Middell, Matthias},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {229-258},
  publisher = {Campus Verlag},
  study = {ALLBUS2021},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Antimuslimische Einstellungen als zentrale Ressource des Rechtspopulismus und Gefährdung des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalts in Deutschland und Europa},
  year = 2024
}

@article{peral2024value,
  abstract = {In recent years, we have witnessed an increasingly visible right-wing populist rhetoric against gender equality across the globe, and this phenomenon has been explained and analyzed as a cultural backlash, which has pervaded political discussions and has led to polarization in political communication, reviving old debates on gender equality and bringing antifeminism. This article analyzes how attitudes toward gender equality have become subject to mounting global polarization. Specifically, it asks: To what extent are differences in the attitudes toward gender equality likelier to be related to ideological positioning in the present than in the previous decade? According to the classical theoretical approach, are attitudes and values still understood to be changing because of modernization? To answer these questions, we conducted a longitudinal comparative analysis of attitudes toward gender roles in European societies over the last 3 decades. We introduced specific controls for survey waves, gender, and ideology to test the hypothesis that the mediating effect of ideology on attitudes toward gender roles has strengthened in recent years, widening the gender and ideological gap on this subject.},
  author = {Peral, Edurne Bartolomé and Silvestre, María and Kamatayeva, Ayauzhan and Voicu, Bogdan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Communication},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {3347-3367},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017.},
  title = {Value Change Regarding Gender Roles and Backlash in Europe: Is Gender a New Polarization Element?},
  url = {https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/21959},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2024
}

@article{guerrero2023students,
  abstract = {This paper theorizes how diverse institutional conditions influence students’ entrepreneurial behavior. We tested our hypotheses on a sample of 91,105 students from 557 universities located in nine post-socialist economies and nine market-oriented economies in Europe. The results show interesting trends in the influence of institutional conditions on students’ entrepreneurial behavior at the country and university levels. More concretely, national culture and university environment are found to be crucial for students becoming “nascent entrepreneurs” in post-socialist countries. Several implications for policy markers emerge from this study.},
  author = {Guerrero, Maribel and Marozau, Radzivon},
  doi = {10.1007/s11187-022-00600-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Small Business Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {503-519},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Students' evolving entrepreneurial behavior in post-socialist and market-oriented economies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00600-1},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2023
}

@article{murielramirez2023historical,
  abstract = {This work aims to shed light on the ultimate causes of structural unemployment in the Spanish region of Andalusia where it persistently exceeds the already high national average. The origins of modern Andalusia hark back to the Early Modern Age when most Iberian states amalgamated into a single entity. Unlike its northern counterparts, Andalusia was mostly a Muslim country and its incorporation in the Western European world was implemented through forced assimilation. Five centuries after the conquest, the transposition of northern institutions into the South has resulted in a backward region with age-old problems of economic development and unemployment. I have brought together elements such as violence, landownership, trust, and the role of the state, from the point of view of the original institutional economics.},
  author = {Muriel-Ramírez, Manuel J.},
  doi = {10.1080/00213624.2023.2239685},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  issn = {0021-3624},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Issues},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {948-973},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {An Historical Background of Andalusia’s Unemployment: An Institutional Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2023.2239685},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2023
}

@article{serramia2023encoding,
  abstract = {Norms have been widely enacted in human and agent societies to regulate individuals’ actions. However, although legislators may have ethics in mind when establishing norms, moral values are only sometimes explicitly considered. This paper advances the state of the art by providing a method for selecting the norms to enact within a society that best aligns with the moral values of such a society. Our approach to aligning norms and values is grounded in the ethics literature. Specifically, from the literature’s study of the relations between norms, actions, and values, we formally define how actions and values relate through the so-called value judgment function and how norms and values relate through the so-called norm promotion function. We show that both functions provide the means to compute value alignment for a set of norms. Moreover, we detail how to cast our decision-making problem as an optimisation problem: finding the norms that maximise value alignment. We also show how to solve our problem using off-the-shelf optimisation tools. Finally, we illustrate our approach with a specific case study on the European Value Study.},
  author = {Serramia, Marc and Rodriguez-Soto, Manel and Lopez-Sanchez, Maite and Rodriguez-Aguilar, Juan A. and Bistaffa, Filippo and Boddington, Paula and Wooldridge, Michael and Ansotegui, Carlos},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s11023-023-09649-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {15728641},
  journal = {Minds and Machines},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {761–790},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Encoding Ethics to Compute Value-Aligned Norms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-023-09649-7},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{dulmer2023morality,
  address = {London},
  author = {Dülmer, H.},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13511 ; 10.4232/1.13737},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0 ; ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Morality and Moral Change in the Black Sea Region A Longitudinal Perspective with a Special Focus on Romania, Russia, and Turkey},
  year = 2023
}

@article{wegscheider2024capable,
  abstract = {Political protest and citizen participation are important drivers of democratic change. While previous research has identified both micro-level attitudes such as emancipative values and macro-level factors as drivers of protest behavior, we know little about how citizens’ value-driven motivations interact with the political context. We argue that the effect of emancipative values on protest participation depends on both democratic institutions and the capacity of civil society mobilizations. Specifically, we expect the positive effect of emancipative values to be stronger in countries with higher democratic quality and more pro-democratic mass mobilizations, and weaker in countries with more pro-autocratic mass mobilizations. By combining survey and macro data for 88 democratic and autocratic regimes, we find that citizens’ value orientations interact with democratic quality and the prevalence of pro-autocratic mass mobilizations in shaping protest participation. These results contribute to a better understanding of the structural and societal preconditions for democratic change.},
  author = {Wegscheider, Carsten and Mauk, Marlene},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1177/00323217241247377},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1467-9248},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {391-411},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Capable but Not Empowered? How Emancipative Values Affect Protest Participation Across Different Contexts},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217241247377},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2025
}

@article{joshanloo2023index,
  abstract = {The main purpose of this study was to create a global index of perceived job quality that assesses individuals&rsquo; perceptions of enjoyment, meaning, and engagement at work, as well as freedom of choice in job selection. The study also explored the correlation between weekly working hours and perceived job quality. A sample of 121,207 individuals from 116 countries was used, sourced from the Gallup World Poll. Additionally, variables from other sources were incorporated to establish the nomological net of the new index. Perceived job quality was highest in South and North America, while it was lowest in East Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. Perceived job quality was weakly associated with cultural characteristics at the national level, while it was more strongly associated with experienced positive affect, psychosocial well-being, and optimism. No evidence was found that countries with higher levels of wealth have higher average levels of perceived job quality. The number of hours worked per week was not significantly related to perceived job quality at the national level. Working hours were found to be longer in collectivist, hierarchical, and less free countries, as well as in countries where work is valued over leisure. Weekly working hours was largely unrelated to economic indicators at the national level.},
  author = {Joshanloo, Mohsen},
  data_doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.3390/socsci12090492},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {20760760},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 9,
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {A New Index of Perceived Job Quality in 116 Countries: Associations with Working Hours and Other National Characteristics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12090492},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kleinhempel2023cultural,
  abstract = {Does national culture influence entrepreneurship? Given that entrepreneurship and the economic, formal institutional, and cultural characteristics of nations are deeply intertwined and co-vary, it is difficult to isolate the effect of culture on entrepreneurship. In this study, we examine the self-employment choices of second-generation immigrants who were born, educated, and currently live in one country, but were raised by parents stemming from another country. We argue that entrepreneurship is influenced by durable, portable, and intergenerationally transmitted cultural imprints such that second-generation immigrants are more likely to become entrepreneurs if their parents originate from countries characterized by a strong entrepreneurial culture. Our multilevel analysis of two independent samples—65,323 second-generation immigrants of 52 different ancestries who were born, were raised, and live in the United States and 4,165 second-generation immigrants of 31 ancestries in Europe—shows that entrepreneurial culture is positively associated with the likelihood that individuals are entrepreneurs. Our results are robust to alternative non-cultural explanations, such as differences in resource holdings, labor market discrimination, and direct parent-child linkages. Overall, our study highlights the durability, portability, and intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial culture as well as the profound impact of national culture on entrepreneurship.},
  author = {Kleinhempel, Johannes and Klasing, Mariko J and Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.4726 ; 10.4232/1.10210 ; 10.4232/1.11590 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1287/orsc.2022.1645},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4726 v1.0.0 ; ZA5439 v1.0.0 ; ZA5789 v1.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {10477039},
  journal = {Organization Science},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1800-1819},
  study-id = {FlashEB192 ; FlashEB283 ; FlashEB354 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Cultural roots of entrepreneurship: Evidence from second-generation immigrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1645},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2023
}

@article{tomas2024validation,
  abstract = {The main aim of this study was to validate and adapt the Centrality of Religiosity Scale to the Portuguese population. A total of 1018 subjects participated in this study. The metric qualities demonstrated in the analyses suggested that the factor structure was based on five dimensions identical to those proposed by its authors. After analysing its psychometric qualities, we concluded that this instrument can be applied to the Portuguese population and is a valuable tool in studies related to the psychology of religion and spirituality.},
  author = {Tomás, Carla and Palma-Moreira, Ana and Martins, Ana},
  doi = {10.1007/s10943-024-02083-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 ; ZA7503},
  issn = {15736571},
  journal = {Journal of Religion and Health},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {3811–3828},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 ; EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Validation of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale for the Portuguese Population},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02083-8},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2024
}

@article{ibrahim2024consequences,
  abstract = {Prejudice is certainly consequential for the victim’s well-being but the consequence of the same for perpetrators of prejudice is not clear-cut. This study therefore explores the impact of prejudice culpability on individuals' happiness, subjective health, and life satisfaction using cross-national data. Analyzing secondary data from the 2017-2020 European Values Survey (N = 58,103) and the 2017-2021 World Values Survey (N = 76,897) across 81 countries, the study focuses on three indicators of prejudice: prejudice against immigrants, racial prejudice, and prioritizing national individuals for employment during job scarcity. The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to assess the equality of mean scores for happiness, subjective health, and life satisfaction among respondents exhibiting prejudice or aversion to it. Results reveal that respondents culpable of prejudice against immigrants constituted 21.7%, racial prejudice was at 15.5%, and 66% were culpable of prioritizing national people for employment. Mean±SD scores indicate that happiness was 3.13±0.69 (min. = 1, max. = 4), subjective health was 3.77±0.90 (min. = 1, max. = 5), and life satisfaction was 7.20±2.18 (min. = 1, max. = 10). Notably, individuals culpable of all three forms of prejudice experienced significantly poorer happiness, subjective health, and life satisfaction (p < 0.05). Contrary to the notion that prejudice exclusively harms its victims, this study underscores the negative consequences of prejudice for both victims and perpetrators. Recognizing the adverse personal effects on those holding biased views offers a valuable perspective for designing interventions aimed at reducing prejudice. Hence, this nuanced understanding can inform the development of more holistic and effective prejudice reduction interventions.},
  author = {Ibrahim, Bashirat Abiodun},
  doi = {10.26577/JPsS.2024.v88.i1.05},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {2617-7552},
  journal = {The Journal of Psychology & Sociology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {58-72},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Consequences Of Bias: Personal Costs Of Prejudice On Happiness, Health And Life-Satisfaction In A Cross-National Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26577/JPsS.2024.v88.i1.05},
  volume = 88,
  year = 2024
}

@article{wicker2023gender,
  abstract = {Introduction: This study examined the correlates of gender stereotypes and the moderating role of membership in a voluntary sports club. Drawing on the contact hypothesis, this study argues that gender stereotypes are lower when individuals regularly have the opportunity to meet and play sport with such people, for example in a voluntary sports club. Methods: Survey data from the European Values Study are used for the analysis (n = 36,185; 30 countries). Gender stereotypes are measured with statements on gender role attributes. Results: Regression results show that membership in a voluntary sports club, being a student, income, and living in a more gender equal country significantly reduce gender stereotypes. On the contrary, male gender, living in a partnership, having children, lower and medium education, part-time employment, self-employment, unemployment, being a home maker, and living in a small town are correlates of higher gender stereotypes. Interacting the latter correlates with sports club membership support its moderating effect in the sense that most correlates turn insignificant or have smaller coefficients. The only variables retaining their coefficient size are self-employment and living in a small town. Discussion: The findings support the contact hypothesis and suggest that sports clubs are places that lessen gender stereotypes.},
  author = {Wicker, Pamela and Cunningham, George B.},
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1236439},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {16641078},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gender stereotypes and their correlates: the moderating role of voluntary sports club membership},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1236439},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{voicu2023religious,
  address = {London},
  author = {Voicu, Malina and Stanescu, S.M.},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  isbn = {9781666918267},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {153-166},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Religious Change in the Black Sea Area},
  year = 2023
}

@article{erhardt2022cultural,
  abstract = {Can culture explain persistent differences in economic activity among individuals and across regions? A novel measure of cultural origin enables us to contrast entrepreneurial activity of individuals located in the same municipality, but whose ancestors lived just on opposite sides of the Swiss language border in the eighteenth century. Individuals with ancestry from the German-speaking side create 20% more firms than those with ancestry from the French-speaking side. These differences persist over generations and independent of the predominant culture at the current location. Yet, founder’s ancestry does not affect exit or growth of newly founded firms, suggesting that preferences are pivotal.},
  author = {Erhardt, Katharina and Haenni, Simon},
  doi = {10.1093/ej/ueac029},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {0013-0133},
  journal = {The Economic Journal},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 648,
  pages = {2767-2814},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The Cultural Roots of Firm Entry, Exit and Growth},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueac029},
  volume = 132,
  year = 2022
}

@article{brosigkoch2024physicians,
  abstract = {There is considerable controversy about what causes (in)effectiveness of physician performance pay in improving the quality of care. Using a behavioral experiment with German primary-care physicians, we study the incentive effect of performance pay on service provision and quality of care. To explore whether variations in quality are based on the incentive scheme and the interplay with physicians’ real-world profit orientation and patient-regarding motivations, we link administrative data on practice characteristics and survey data on physicians’ attitudes with experimental data. We find that, under performance pay, quality increases by about 7pp compared to baseline capitation. While the effect increases with the severity of illness, the bonus level does not significantly affect the quality of care. Data linkage indicates that primary-care physicians in high-profit practices provide a lower quality of care. Physicians’ other-regarding motivations and attitudes are significant drivers of high treatment quality.},
  author = {Brosig-Koch, Jeannette and Hennig-Schmidt, Heike and Kairies-Schwarz, Nadja and Kokot, Johanna and Wiesen, Daniel},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhealeco.2024.102862},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {01676296},
  journal = {Journal of Health Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {A new look at physicians’ responses to financial incentives: Quality of care, practice characteristics, and motivations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2024.102862},
  volume = 94,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{heller2024geschlechtsspezifische,
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Heller, Birgit},
  booktitle = {Religion und Geschlecht},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1515/9783110697407-046},
  editor = {Heller, Birgit and Franke, Edith},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-11-069740-7},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {441-456},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017},
  title = {Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Religiosität},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110697407-046},
  year = 2024
}

@book{antolinez2023globalizacin,
  abstract = {Este libro ofrece el análisis más amplio en lengua castellana de las investigaciones sobre valores (EVS y WVS) durante cuarenta años (1981-2022) en siete oleadas, en 117 países, con un total de más de 650 000 entrevistas personales, representando a más del 85 % de la población mundial, para comparar las actitudes respecto a los valores que se deben enseñar a los niños. Es un análisis comparado, que se ofrece para cuatro niveles de análisis: 7 oleadas, 10 regiones geo-culturales en que se han agrupado los países, 10 países seleccionados, y por supuesto España, a la que se dedican tres capítulos. Los análisis son descriptivos y explicativos, pretenden conocer las variables que mejor explican las diferencias entre las diferentes unidades de análisis, habiéndose utilizado muy diversas variables explicativas, como las socioeconómicas clásicas agrupadas en el índice de posición social, el índice de materialismo-posmaterialismo, la generación, la exposición a medios de comunicación tradicionales y las nuevas redes sociales, la ideología, y muchas otras cuya construcción se explica en los anexos. El marco teórico utilizado ha incluido principalmente la teoría de Inglehart sobre el cambio de valores en las sociedades industriales y posindustriales, la de Galtung sobre la difusión de actitudes y valores desde el centro hacia la periferia, y otras citadas en una muy amplia bibliografía de ciencias sociales. Una aportación novedosa es la construcción de un Índice de Valores Tradicionales-Modernos basado en las once cualidades o valores por las que se ha preguntado si deberían enseñarse a los niños, y que es alternativo al construido por Inglehart, con el que muestra una robusta correlación. Los autores forman parte del grupo de investigación INCISO y el Centro de Investigaciones sobre Valores, ambos de la UCJC.},
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Antolínez, Pilar and Nicolás, Juan Díez and Rabadán, Jonatan García and Ranero, José Manuel León and Ramo, Francisco J. Llera and Avidad, Mayra Martínez and Ramón, Miquel Reynés and Recuenco, Ángel Rivero},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9788474769159},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {La globalización de los valores en el mundo y en España: Cualidades que deberían enseñarse a los niños},
  year = 2023
}

@article{brgles2023povjerenje,
  abstract = {According to the process of globalisation, the development of technologies leads to the development of media that play an important role in shaping human life and society in general. The media are often credited with the power to shape an individual’s everyday life, and especially the everyday life of young people, as a social group that grows and develops in the digital age. However, in sociological theory, there is no consensus on the effects that the media produce, as well as methodological consensus in the conceptualization and operationalization of confidence in the media. Therefore, we used a mixed approach: survey and interview method to obtain the best possible data on the research problem. We made an analysis of data from the 2017 European Values Study survey. The European Values Study is an international scientific project, in which the Catholic University of Croatia is involved. The sample were young people from 18 to 35 years of age from 34 European countries (n=16772), including Croatia (n=455). In the qualitative part of the research, we interviewed 10 participants of the same age group from Zagreb and Zlatar. The results show that young people in Croatia have more confidence in social networks, and lack of confidence in the press than their peers from European countries, and there is no connection between confidence in the press and social networks with the size of the city/town from which the respondents come. Due to the easy accessibility, actuality, multimedia and the possibility of archiving content, the Internet is the medium most used by participants of qualitative research. They consume mostly entertaining content and listen and watch more than they read. Participants enter different meanings in media types and media content related to confidence (brevity, author’s signature, references, verifiability of information, etc.) and lack of confidence (sensationalism, fake news, disinformation, one-sided reporting, etc.), so our research confirms partly the theory of audience rationality. However, participants do not publicly participate in discussions and comments, and they share news and comments on content only with close people. They don’t show enunciative productivity and textual productivity due to their aversion to virtual violence. Since the media is mostly for entertainment, they use it even when they don’t trust them.},
  author = {Brgles, Miriam Mary and Ježovita, Josip},
  doi = {10.22572/mi.29.2.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Medijska istraživanja,},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {35-65},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Povjerenje mladih u medije u Hrvatskoj u usporedbi s mladima u Europi temeljem Europske studije vrijednosti (Young People's Confidence in the Media in Croatia Compared to Young People in Europe Based on the European Values Study)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22572/mi.29.2.2},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@book{bein2023identitt,
  abstract = {Wie kann eine plurale Demokratie einerseits den Zusammenhalt der Bürgerinnen und Bürger ermöglichen, aber dennoch den Wettstreit zwischen spezifischen politischen Identitäten fördern? Offenheit und Wettbewerb sind konstitutiv für demokratische Ordnungen, allerdings benötigt es die Einbettung in eine demokratische Identität, um die dysfunktionale Polarisierung dieser Konflikte zu verhindern. Die zentrale These lautet, dass ein einseitiges politisches Identitätsmodell den Ausgleich legitimer Pole der Demokratie und die Herausbildung demokratischer Identität verhindert. Mit dem Liberalismus und dem Republikanismus werden zwei politische Identitäten konstruiert, die jeweils Möglichkeiten und Spannungen zu einer solchen demokratischen Identität aufweisen. Die Arbeit plädiert daher für eine Ausbalancierung beider politischen Identitäten: Eine empirische Analyse für den Zeitraum 2005 bis 2021 bestätigt, dass eine ausgeglichene Kombination aus liberaler und republikanischer politischer Identität in 27 untersuchten Demokratien in Zusammenhang mit einer niedrigeren politischen Polarisierung steht.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Bein, Simon},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-42773-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5960 ; ZA7503 ; ZA7505},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study-id = {ISSP1995-2003-2013 ; EVS1981-2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Identität und Demokratie: Polarisierung und Ausgleich im Spannungsfeld von Liberalismus und Republikanismus},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42773-3},
  year = 2023
}

@article{preti2023model,
  abstract = {Purpose of Review: Unstable relationships are a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Impairments in trust processes (i.e., appraisal and learning regarding others’ trustworthiness) can subserve interpersonal problems associated with BPD, but the determinants, mechanisms, consequences, and variations in trust impairments among individuals with BPD remain poorly characterized. Thus, a better understanding of such impairments could help target interventions that address the interpersonal problems of individuals with BPD beyond emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and aggression. Recent Findings: We conducted a pre-registered systematic review of empirical studies on trust processes and BPD features (k = 29). Results are organized around a heuristic model of trust processes in BPD comprising the following stages: developmental factors, prior beliefs and dispositions, situation perception, emotional states, trust appraisal, behavioral manifestations, and trust learning. Summary: Based on the synthesis of the findings, we recommended directions for future research and clinical assessment and intervention, such as managing trust during the early stages of therapy and considering improvements in trust processes as a central mechanism of change in treating individuals with BPD.},
  author = {Preti, Emanuele and Richetin, Juliette and Poggi, Anita and Fertuck, Eric},
  doi = {10.1007/s11920-023-01468-y},
  issn = {1535-1645},
  journal = {Current Psychiatry Reports},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {555-567},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {A Model of Trust Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-023-01468-y},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{zurn2024authoritarian,
  abstract = {The shift in the balance of power between democracy and autocracy is often captured as democratic backsliding, but rarely as autocratization or the rise of authoritarianism. In line with the conception of this volume, this contribution attempts to take a step toward a theory of autocratization. The chapter explores autocratization in the contemporary era, characterizing autocracy by four main features: a far-reaching claim to power of the political leadership; claims of having no alternative; an anti-pluralist pluralist or homogeneous understanding of representation; and a one-sided or pre-democratic relationship between rulers and subjects. Based on these features, the chapter identifies five current types of authoritarian rule, focusing on the two types that gained most momentum in the age of globalization: one is technocratic authoritarianism, which has proved to be evolutionarily the form of socialist autocracy that was able to resist the spread of democracy and the other is the rise of populist authoritarian parties and the transformation of electoral democracies into electoral autocracies. The chapter emphasizes that a theory of the dynamics of autocracy requires considering the conditions of existence, decline and ascent.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Zürn, Michael},
  booktitle = {Drivers of Authoritarianism: Paths and Developments at the Beginning of the 21st Century Elgar Studies in Law and Politics},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.4337/9781035324705.00009},
  editor = {Frankenberg, Günter and Heitmeyer, Wilhelm},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {60-83},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Authoritarian forms of rule in the twenty-first century},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035324705.00009},
  year = 2024
}

@article{wittemann2024untangling,
  abstract = {In this study, we explore how educational differences in demographic behavior – in particular, mating patterns and fertility – mediate the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequality in twelve European countries. Although this research interest itself is not new, we contribute to this debate by adopting a prospective approach and scaling it to include multiple countries and cohorts. To this end, we leverage a series of complementary datasets and the inferential method developed by Song and Mare (2015) and advanced by Skopek and Leopold (2020) to estimate the components of a stylized educational reproduction model. We then employ a simple decomposition analysis to quantify the contributions of different pathways to prospective educational reproduction rates across educational backgrounds and explore the differences across cohorts and countries. We report several findings. Most notably, (1) the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequality persists in all twelve countries and is barely offset by small (and declining) negative educational gradients in fertility, (2) educational differences in selection into partnership are small and do not account for much inequality, and (3) the role of assortative mating, where present, is ambiguous because it both reinforces inequality via its effects on resources within the family and offsets it via its effects on fertility.},
  author = {Wittemann, Vanessa and Yastrebov, Gordey},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.12765/CPoS-2024-15},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0 ; ZA2620 ; ZA3880 ; ZA5900 ;},
  issn = {18698999},
  journal = {Comparative Population Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {371-402},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Untangling the Role of Assortative Mating in Educational Reproduction in Twelve European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2024-15},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2024
}

@article{galdauskaite2023links,
  abstract = {Fundamental fertility changes in developed countries and persistently low fertility rates are increasingly being interpreted using concepts of gender equality, gender equity, and gender revolution. This article analyzes links between gender role attitudes and fertility in Lithuania between 1990-2017 from a comparative perspective. Lithuania is compared to Sweden and Estonia, as well as Austria, France, and Italy. Based on seven data sets, the analysis is done using cluster analysis and binary logistic regression approaches. The findings reveal country-specific differences and similarities. First, in most countries, those who support the most traditional attitudes toward gender roles are the likeliest to have children. Second, Lithuania is the most traditional society; it is the slowest of the countries analyzed to transition to egalitarianism, and its gender role attitudes that significantly affect fertility are changing. Finally, in some cases, in the most traditional society, Lithuania, and the most egalitarian, Sweden, a new trend is emerging, whereby those who have supported non-traditional attitudes toward gender roles are more likely to have children.},
  author = {Galdauskaitė, Dovilė},
  data_doi = {10.4232/1.2620 ; 10.4232/1.12661 ; 10.4232/1.10790 ; 10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/01629778.2023.2245367},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA2620 v1.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0 ; ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0162-9778},
  journal = {Journal of Baltic Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {567-587},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {ISSP1994 ; ISSP2012 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Links between gender role attitudes and fertility changes between 1990–2017: Lithuania from a comparative perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2023.2245367},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2024
}

@article{guo2024impact,
  abstract = {Objective: The objective is to explore the impact of the pandemic shock on the unmet medical needs of middle-aged and older adults worldwide. Methods: The COVID-19 pandemic starting in 2020 was used as a quasiexperiment. Exposure to the pandemic was defined based on an individual’s context within the global pandemic. Data were obtained from the Integrated Values Surveys. A total of 11 932 middle-aged and older adults aged 45 years and above from 10 countries where the surveys conducted two times during 2011 and 2022 were analysed. We used logistic regression models with the difference-in-difference method to estimate the impact of pandemic exposure on unmet medical needs by comparing differences before and after the pandemic across areas with varying degrees of severity. Results: Among the 11 932 middle-aged and older adults, 3647 reported unmet medical needs, with a pooled unmet rate of 30.56% (95% CI: 29.74% to 31.40%). The pandemic significantly increased the risk of unmet medical needs among middle-aged and older adults (OR: 2.33, 95%CI: 1.94 to 2.79). The deleterious effect of the pandemic on unmet medical needs was prevalent among middle-aged adults (2.53, 2.00 to 3.20) and older adults (2.00, 1.48 to 2.69), as well as among men (2.24, 1.74 to 2.90) and women (2.34, 1.82 to 3.03). The results remained robust in a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: These findings suggest that efforts should be made by policymakers and healthcare professionals to balance healthcare resources to adequately address the comprehensive healthcare demands of individuals regarding multiple health issues, taking into account the challenges posed by pandemics.},
  author = {Guo, Chao and Yuan, Dianqi and Tang, Huameng and Hu, Xiyuan and Lei, Yiyang},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1136/ bmjhci-2023-100865},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {BMJ Health & Care Informatics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Impact of a pandemic shock on unmet medical needs of middle-aged and older adults in 10 countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjhci-2023-100865},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2024
}

@article{alexeev2023russias,
  author = {Alexeev, Michael and Pyle, William and Wang, Jiaan},
  journal = {EconPol Forum},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {44-49},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Russia’s “Impressionable Years” and Putin’s Inheritance},
  url = {https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/econpol-forum-2023-6-alexeev-pyle-wang-russia-putin-inheritance.pdf},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2023
}

@article{szczygielski2023moral,
  abstract = {According to the latest research institutional trust may serve as a significant predictor of prosociality. The main purpose of this article is to examine types of trust as predictors of moral attitudes “towards”, “away” and “against” people. Another aim is to examine institutional trust as a predictor of moral attitudes in correlation to other significant predictors, like religiousness, education and size of town. This paper presents analysis in the course of which interpersonal and institutional trust has been confirmed as alternative (potentially competing) predictors of moral attitudes than other established variables, e.g., religiousness. Presented findings allow to pose the question about the future of religion in stable, democratic societies.},
  author = {Szczygielski, Dominik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.18290/rns2023.0032},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Roczniki Nauk Społecznych},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {143-164},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Moral Attitudes in Poland: "Towards", "Away" and "Against People" - Socio-Cultural Determinants and Religious Implications: A 2017 European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18290/rns2023.0032},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{juros2023culture,
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  author = {Juros, Tanja Vuckovic},
  booktitle = {Culture Wars in Europe},
  doi = {10.53483/MOLS8956},
  editor = {Kováts, Eszter},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {131-138},
  publisher = {The Institute for Russian, European and Eurasian Studies},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Culture Wars as a Speech Act: Reflecting on Civilizational and Worldview Divides in the Case of Croatian Anti-Gender Mobilizations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.53483/MOLS8956},
  year = 2023
}

@article{raza2024breaking,
  abstract = {Purpose: How does the interplay between entrepreneurship policies and both formal and informal gender equality affect women’s inclination towards self-employment in contrast to men? Design/methodology/approach: This study introduces and validates a comprehensive multi-level model underpinned by symbolic interactionism, institutional theory, and the nuances of gendered institutions. Employing innovative analytical techniques and leveraging data from 66 countries, we scrutinize how formal and informal gendered institutional arrangements either inhibit or facilitate an environment favorable to women’s entrepreneurial activities. Findings: entrepreneurship policies across diverse nations. While these policies can bridge the gendered resource gap, a profound understanding of broader gender dynamics is crucial for fostering an inclusive entrepreneurial landscape. Originality/value: Our insights advocate for a more integrated approach to bolster women’s participation in entrepreneurship, thus furthering their socio-economic progression.},
  author = {Raza, Ali and Yousafzai, Shumaila and Saeed, Saadat},
  doi = {10.1108/IJEBR-05-2023-0471},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {13552554},
  journal = {International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1779-1810},
  study-id = {EVS/WVS1981-2008},
  title = {Breaking barriers and bridging gaps: the influence of entrepreneurship policies on women’s entry into entrepreneurship},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2023-0471},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2024
}

@article{szoltysek2024european,
  abstract = {This paper aims to show that contemporary developmental outcomes in Europe vary with historical patterns of age and gender inequality. It builds on the authors' earlier work constructing the Patriarchy Index (PI), which measures age and gender inequality within households based on historical census data. The claimed relationships are tested in a regression framework in which the outcome variables are a set of development indicators (GDP per capita and the HDI), as well as contemporary gender equality indices such as the GII and the SIGI and survey responses from the WVS. The study shows that high scores on the PI consistently predict worse development outcomes (lower development, more gender inequality) and more collectivist values scores. To assess the channels through which this correlation works, we also examine whether the PI itself is persistent, and find that the historical PI is also generally associated with important facets of patriarchal behaviour in the present. Overall, while our study cannot infer causal relationships, our results provide evidence that familial patriarchal patterns at the grassroots of society may be one of the variables associated with contemporary cultural and developmental divergences in Europe.},
  author = {Szołtysek, Mikołaj and Poniat, Radosław},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.1177/10693971241246584},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1552-3578},
  journal = {Cross-Cultural Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {271-315},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {European Family Patriarchy in the Past and Contemporary Developmental Inequalities},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971241246584},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{navarrete2023religiosity,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Navarrete, Rosa M. and Cordero, Guillermo and Balaguer, Jaime},
  booktitle = {Religious Voting in Western Democracies},
  editor = {Montero, José Ramón and Segatti, Paolo and Calvo, Kerman},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {163-199},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Religiosity and ideology in Western Europe and the United States},
  year = 2023
}

@article{dawson2024political,
  abstract = {This article empirically assesses competing perspectives of the relationship between democracy and political trust. We conduct multilevel analyses on a cross-national panel dataset of 82 countries for the period 1990?2020. The findings suggest that there is a strong, negative relationship between democracy and political trust that cannot easily be dismissed as an artifact of model misspecification or response bias. Moreover, we re-examine the critical citizens thesis by disaggregating political trust into trust in partisan and ?non-partisan? institutions to test the claim that well-functioning democracies contain and channel distrust into the more partisan political institutions to keep distrust from generalizing to the entire political system. The results fail to find a statistically significant difference of the effect of democracy on trust between partisan and non-partisan institutions, suggesting that low political trust within democracies may be a more acute problem than much of the literature suggests.},
  author = {Dawson, Andrew and Krakoff, Isabel L.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2023.2257607},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1351-0347},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {90-112},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Political trust and democracy: the critical citizens thesis re-examined},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2257607},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2024
}

@article{dagorn2024populations,
  abstract = {Substantial heterogeneity in behavioral traits has been observed across human societies, which have been linked to important differences in individual as well as societal outcomes. In this paper, we complement the existing literature by investigating the role of key behavioral traits, i.e. risk-taking, patience, altruism, and trust, at the population level in the design of new policies and institutions during an unexpected global crisis. Combining granular data on policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis with several pre-pandemic survey measures of behavioral traits in 109 countries, we observe robust relationships of significant magnitude. In particular, our findings underline that countries with higher levels of trust tended to respond later to the crisis; while populations that are patient, altruistic, and trusting are more likely to implement stringent policies in the medium and long-term. These results improve our understanding of how countries deal with global crises. They also supply an explanation for the lack of coordinated response at the international level during such events.},
  author = {Dagorn, Etienne and Dattilo, Martina and Pourieux, Matthieu},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.040},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0167-2681},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {The role of populations’ behavioral traits in policy-making during a global crisis: Worldwide evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.040},
  volume = 226,
  year = 2024
}

@article{axelsson2024measuring,
  abstract = {A consistent empirical finding is that Scandinavian countries by international standards score steadily high in terms of subjectively reported levels of happiness and life satisfaction. Intrigued by previous findings in Denmark (Lolle and Goul Anderson in Metode Og Forskningsdesign 1:95–119, 2013, in Journal of Happiness Studies 6:1–14)), this paper confirms that this is partly due to language effects. In this paper, Sweden serves as a case study that, similar to the Danish study, seeks to determine whether it is possible to establish semantic equivalence between translated survey items. By using randomized experiments on a representative sample of Swedish citizens with fluent skills in English, we test the effects of different designs in question wordings and response scale labels implemented by international surveys. The results reveal significant differences in answers on happiness. While the mean differences are very small, the distribution of answers is substantial enough to confirm a strong semantic threshold between the English term happy the Swedish term lycklig. Hence, it requires something more to be “very happy” in Swedish than in English. Notably, language appears to have a lesser impact on the distribution of responses across language groups when using a numbered response scale with endpoint labels, indicating that a particular question design either mitigates or intensifies translational effects. Happiness, it is concluded, is not easily translated and survey practitioners should bear this caveat in mind when operationalizing the concept across countries and cultures.},
  author = {Axelsson, Sofia and Dahlberg, Stefan},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-024-00827-7},
  issn = {1573-7780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 113,
  pages = {1-21},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {Measuring Happiness and Life Satisfaction amongst Swedish Citizens: an Inquiry into Semantic Equivalence in Comparative Survey Research},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00827-7},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2024
}

@article{newman2023dynamics,
  abstract = {Prayer is an important aspect of many people’s daily lives, yet little is known about the relationships between prayer and daily experiences and well-being in ecologically valid settings. In three studies, participants (N = 350) completed questionnaires once a day for 2 weeks (4,437 daily reports) regarding the events they experienced each day, their emotions, well-being, and the prominence of the four types of prayer constituting the ACTS (adoration, confession, thanksgiving, and supplication) taxonomy. Thanksgiving and adoration were more prominent in prayers on days when positive events were reported and well-being was high (relative to individuals’ own average reports of positive events and well-being). In contrast, supplication was more prominent on days when negative events were reported and well-being was low. Relationships between daily events, states of well-being, and prayers of confession were mixed. Lagged analyses indicated that present-day supplication, thanksgiving, and adoration negatively predicted well-being the following day. These lagged effects were weaker among people who prayed more frequently. Finally, each prayer type was predicted by distinct, nonreligious emotional states—supplication by envy, thanksgiving by gratitude, confession by guilt, and adoration by awe. By moving beyond cross-sectional and experimental paradigms, we have provided insights about the dynamic nature of prayer through repeated measurement in naturalistic contexts. The content of individuals’ prayers reflects their daily experiences and has consequences for their well-being.},
  author = {Newman, David B. and Nezlek, John B. and Thrash, Todd M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.1037/pspp0000454},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1299–1313},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {The dynamics of prayer in daily life and implications for well-being},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000454},
  volume = 124,
  year = 2023
}

@article{paturyan2024revolution,
  abstract = {This paper explores how interpersonal and institutional trust in Armenia was impacted by three dramatic events in its recent history: the popular uprising of 2018 (also known as the Velvet Revolution), the pandemic, and the war. We use World Value Survey, Caucasus Barometer, and other available surveys to demonstrate the relative stability of interpersonal trust, contrasted with swings in institutional trust. We also show an initial “rally around the flag” effect during the early period of the pandemic, followed by disillusionment. Overall, gains in trust due to the Velvet Revolution outweigh the losses in trust due to Covid-19 and war.},
  author = {Paturyan, Yevgenya Jenny and Melkonyan, Sara},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.30965/23761202-bja10036},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {23761202},
  journal = {Caucasus Survey},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {25-52},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Revolution, Covid-19, and War in Armenia: Impacts on Various Forms of Trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.30965/23761202-bja10036},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2024
}

@article{fileva2023relationship,
  abstract = {In 1963 Michel Foucault writes that his book “The Birth of the Clinic” is about space, language, and death, about perception. There is a shift of societal problems to the field of medicine, in other words, modernity formulates some social problems through medical categories. But in fact, questions that seem purely medical are often a product of social factors. In society, medicine is a conservative force that maintains the status quo and distracts from major threats to human health. The growth of individualism, the desire for autonomy, and the decline of religiosity allow discussions around death, tolerance of mystery, and euthanasia. For example, in Canada, 2021 marks five full years of access to medical assistance in dying. In 2021, there were 10 064 cases, bringing the total number to 31 664. Annual growth continues to increase steadily each year. Are the major religions capable of facing that challenge?},
  author = {Fileva, Yana},
  doi = {10.46324/PMP2302248},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1314-3700},
  journal = {Postmodernism Problems},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {248-267},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Relationship Between Religion and Health on the Topic of Euthanasia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.46324/PMP2302248},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2023
}

@article{rohs2024vernderungen,
  abstract = {Die Corona-Pandemie stellte einen markanten Einschnitt in gewohnte Lebensrealitäten dar. Sie zwang Politik und Gesellschaft zu bis dahin weitgehend ungekannten Reaktionen und machte eine Anpassung an die neuen Gegebenheiten erforderlich. Inwiefern sich die im Zuge der Pandemie entstandenen Dynamiken auch auf Einstellungen und Werthaltungen in Österreich auswirkten, wurde vom Netzwerk Interdisziplinäre Werteforschung der Universität Wien im Rahmen einer Sonderedition der Europäischen Wertestudie (EVS) erforscht. Die beiden 2021 und 2022 durchgeführten Befragungswellen zeigen dabei gegenüber der jüngsten regulären EVS, die 2018 vor der Pandemie durchgeführt wurde, vor allem im politischen Bereich markante Veränderungen: Hierzu zählen etwa der Rückgang des Vertrauens in Institutionen, eine geringere Zufriedenheit mit dem Funktionieren des politischen Systems sowie eine veränderte Partizipationsbereitschaft. Weitere bereits vor der Pandemie beobachtbare Trends, die sich im Zuge der Pandemie beschleunigten, betreffen den Rückgang der Wichtigkeit von Arbeit bei gleichzeitig steigender Bedeutung von Freizeit sowie einen Bedeutungsverlust klassischer Formen von Religiosität.},
  author = {Rohs, Patrick and Willmann, Johanna},
  issn = {10131469},
  journal = {SWS-Rundschau},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 1,
  pages = {21-39},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Veränderungen von Werten und Einstellungen in Österreich im Zuge der Corona-Pandemie},
  url = {https://www.sws-rundschau.at/ausgaben/jahrgang-2024/heft-1},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2024
}

@article{vento2024social,
  abstract = {In this study, we analyzed the effects of emigration on a high-trust population's trust in other people. Our object of study was the Swedish-speaking Finns, a homogenous national language minority of Finland with a relatively high proportion of emigrants. Using two highly comparable random sample surveys, one among Finland-Swedes who had emigrated and one among Finland-Swedes residing in Finland, we used emigration as a quasi-experiment for explaining change in social trust. Theoretically, our aim was to test the symmetry of the experiential theory that, in similar studies but with low-trust populations emigrating to higher trusting countries, has been found to explain an increase in trust. We distinguished between highly similar destinations and destinations that have lower levels of social trust. With the entropy balancing technique of weighting the covariates of the control group, we constructed two conditionally identical groups. The average difference in outcome of the weighted groups shows that the emigrants lost some of their trust when moving to countries with lower levels of trust. The effect was, however, time indifferent, which casts doubt on the assimilation hypothesis. The findings indicate that the experiential theory can explain also the loss of trust but that this comes with some restrictions.},
  author = {Vento, Isak and Himmelroos, Staffan and Bäck, Maria},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899 ; 10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1111/soin.12625},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0 ; ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1475-682X},
  journal = {Sociological Inquiry},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {448-469},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 ; EVS1981–2017},
  title = {Does Social Trust Travel? Comparing Resident and Non-resident Citizens from a High-Trusting Country},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12625},
  volume = 95,
  year = 2025
}

@article{salachdrozdz2024wealth,
  abstract = {There are conflicting theories about whether individuals like or dislike inequality, or in other words, whether living in an unequal country increases or decreases their subjective well-being. Empirical literature has so far focused on income inequality and has not yet reached a consensus. In the present paper, we focus on wealth inequality, an aspect that has so far been overlooked in the happiness literature. The aim of the present paper is to systematically investigate the wealth inequality–happiness relationship and compare the results to the income inequality–happiness association. Furthermore, we focus on different parts of income or wealth distribution, rather than using a single inequality measure. We use data from the integrated World Values Surveys and European Values Surveys for over 50 countries, matched with the World Inequality Database data over the years 1981–2020. Following our analyses, we find some evidence supporting the “tunnel effect” theory: individuals are happier with increases in the top 10% and top 1% shares of wealth and less happy with increases in the middle 40% share of wealth, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In high-income countries, increasing the bottom 50% share of wealth increases individuals’ life satisfaction, suggesting that they favor redistribution.},
  author = {Sałach-Dróżdż, Katarzyna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.2478/ijme-2024-0017},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Management and Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Wealth inequality, income inequality, and subjective well-being: A cross-country study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2024-0017},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2024
}

@article{savicka2023vaizduot,
  abstract = {Imagination and creativity are emerging as human qualities that are seen as essential to finding new solutions to the challenges of the contemporary world. Recognizing that creativity is not only an individual, but also a communal trait, there is an increasing focus on creating a cultural and social environment that is conducive to creativity, where playfulness and imagination are valued, where freedom of expression is encouraged, and where openness to diversity and a tolerance for risk-taking and failure prevail. One of the fundamental elements of such an environment is the common societal perception that imagination is an important part of human activity. Using the data of the European Values Study, this article analyzes the attitude of Lithuanian society towards the importance of fostering of imagination, its socio-demographic differences and the dynamics of this attitude in 1990–2017.},
  author = {Savicka, Aida},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.15388/SocMintVei.2023.1.1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {2335-8890},
  journal = {Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article},
  language = {other},
  month = {12},
  number = 1,
  pages = {7-29},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Vaizduotė ir kūrybiškumas kaip kultūros vertybės Lietuvos gyventojų sąmonėje (Imagination and Creativity as Cultural Values: Dynamics of Societal Attitudes in Lithuania)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15388/SocMintVei.2023.1.1},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2023
}

@article{duvalhernandez2023taxes,
  abstract = {Using microdata from 17 OECD countries, this paper documents a negative cross-country correlation between gender gaps in market hours and wages. We find that the cross-country differences in market hours are mostly accounted for by female market hours and the size of the sector that produces close substitutes to home production. We quantify the role played by taxes and family care subsidies on the two gender gaps in a multi-sector model with home production. Higher taxes and lower subsidies reduce the marketization of home production, leading to lower market hours. The effect is largely on women because both home production and the production of its market substitutes are female-intensive. The larger fall in female market hours reduces relative female labour supply, contributing to a higher female to male wage ratio.},
  author = {Duval-Hernández, Robert and Fang, Lei and Rachel Ngai, L.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1111/ecca.12466},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Economica},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 358,
  pages = {373-408},
  study = {EU-SILC ; EU-LFS},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Taxes, subsidies and gender gaps in hours and wages},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12466},
  volume = 90,
  year = 2023
}

@article{krizsan2024afraid,
  abstract = {Across Europe, contention has emerged over the Istanbul Convention, a treaty combatting violence against women. The Convention has become a main arena for contention over gender and sexual equality. Right-wing forces mobilize nationally—and transnationally—to advocate for traditional values and oppose so-called ‘gender ideology’, while progressive actors resist efforts to curtail women’s rights. Consequently, while many have ratified the Convention, several countries have not. This article asks which causes motive ratification; which causes underlie non-ratification? We present a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) on 40 European states to disentangle the causal complexity of ratification decisions. We identify four pathways for ratification, driven by feminist egalitarian norms, international conditionality, pro-European governments at odds with social opposition, and societies unwilling to mobilize for conservative religious institutions. We unpack these causal patterns in four minimalist case studies. The article reveals causation underlying contention between pro-gender, anti-gender, and state actors, and resultant policy outcomes.},
  author = {Krizsán, Andrea and Roggeband, Conny and Zeller, Michael C.},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140241290205},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1552-3829},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {2161-2201},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Who is Afraid of the Istanbul Convention? Explaining Opposition to and Support for Gender Equality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140241290205},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2025
}

@book{halman2022atlas,
  abstract = {Do Europeans really feel European? Do they trust each other and are they solidary? What do they think of immigration and refugee influx? Do they want a greener and more sustainable Europe, and at what cost? Are democracy and human rights ingrained in Europe or are they under pressure? A new edition (2022) of the ‘Atlas of European Values’ answers these and other questions related to pressing topics such as migration, democracy, sustainability, welfare, identity, and solidarity in an attractive, visual way. In the Atlas, the reader will find maps, charts and graphs based on high-quality data of the long-term comparative survey research project, the European Values Study.},
  address = {Tilburg },
  author = {Halman, Loek and Reeskens, Tim and Sieben, Inge and Zundert, Marga van},
  doi = {10.26116/6p8v-tt12},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Open Press TiU},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Atlas of European Values},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26116/6p8v-tt12},
  year = 2022
}

@article{celico2024denmark,
  abstract = {Research has demonstrated the economic effectiveness of welfare state reforms that follow the Danish flexicurity model, broadly specifying the combination of highly flexible labor market policies and generous protection schemes. Notwithstanding, it has also been argued that large and generous welfare states may erode civic attitudes, defined here as people’s willingness to cheat on taxes and claim transfers to which they are not entitled. Combining data from all available waves of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study with a self-constructed flexicurity index, this paper finds that welfare state reforms involving a combination of higher benefits, lower labor market regulations, and active labor market policies are not significantly associated with an erosion of civic attitudes.},
  author = {Celico, Andrea and Rode, Martin},
  doi = {10.1007/s10663-023-09588-7},
  issn = {15736911},
  journal = {Empirica},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {87–125},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Can we all be Denmark? The role of civic attitudes in welfare state reforms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-023-09588-7},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2024
}

@article{cakmak2023iktisadi,
  abstract = {Gender discrimination continues to exist dramatically in economic life as in all areas. Although it has been observed that inequality and discrimination has decreased in some countries and country groups from the past to the present, its persistence requires an investigation of the causes of the issue. It is seen that perceptions, various socio-economic and demographic factors are effective on discrimination, especially when going to the upper steps in working life. The aim of this study is to try to identify the factors that create gender discrimination in managerial positions in Türkiye. In this context, 2018 European Values Survey/World Values Survey Microdata has been analyzed with the probit method. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that mother education level was the most important determinant in order to ensure equality. According to this, it was determined that as the education level of the mother increased, the perception that men could be a better manager than women decreased significantly. Moreover, it was revealed that parameters such as age, individuals’ own education, marital status, size of the place of residence are other factors that reduce the aforementioned perception. No significant effect of income level was detected in the study.},
  author = {Çakmak, İsmail},
  doi = {10.14780/muiibd.1375509},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {25872672},
  journal = {Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {247-263},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {İkti̇sadi̇ Hayattaki̇ Ci̇nsi̇yet Ayrimciliği: Yöneti̇ci̇li̇k Pozi̇syonunda Ayrimciliğa Sebep Olan Faktörleri̇n Anali̇zi̇ (Gender Discrimination in Economic Life: Analysis of Factors Causing Discrimination in Managerial Position)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1375509},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2023
}

@article{ackermann2023crafting,
  abstract = {The beneficial role of voluntary work for social integration makes it an important aspect of social cohesion. Thus, there is broad interest in understanding the individual and contextual foundations of volunteering. With regard to the latter, a particular focus is on the role of policies and institutions of the welfare state. They might set incentives for civic engagement and create new scope for voluntary work (crowding-in thesis), but they might also make it redundant (crowding-out thesis). We follow the argument that generous welfare states enable volunteering and assume that two mechanisms are at work. First, they establish a general culture of helping and caring for others in a society (cultural mechanism). Second, they provide those who benefit or potentially benefit from welfare state policies with resources and the abilities to engage in volunteering (resource mechanism). Thus, welfare benefits in specific areas of the welfare state are expected to increase volunteering among members of targeted groups (e.g., the elderly if pensions are high). To test these arguments, our empirical analysis combines country-level data of area-specific welfare benefits with survey data of around 29,000 respondents from 23 countries included in the most recent European Value Survey 2017/2018. We estimate hierarchical regression models with cross-level interactions to test whether particular groups of society are activated by general and area-specific welfare programs to become volunteers. Our findings show that volunteering is generally higher in more generous welfare states, lending support to the crowding-in thesis. Area- and group-specific analyses indicate that the resource mechanism works for some groups but not for all. Pension welfare strengthens volunteering among the retired and the elderly. Unemployment welfare reinforces volunteering among the less educated, but these results are slightly less robust, and we do not find support for higher levels of volunteering among the actually targeted group of unemployed persons.},
  author = {Ackermann, Kathrin and Erhardt, Julian and Freitag, Markus},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s11577-023-00881-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1861891X},
  journal = {KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {283–304},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Crafting Social Integration? Welfare State and Volunteering Across Social Groups and Policy Areas in 23 European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-023-00881-8},
  volume = 75,
  year = 2023
}

@article{hoian2024value,
  abstract = {The article presents the results of the research program “World Values Survey” (WVS) - the largest comparative study conducted on the basis of universities around the world with the aim of studying values and beliefs of the population. Values are considered as the central core of the structure of the spiritual and moral crisis, the problem of defining values, their typologies, and the problem faced by the sociologist who studies the spiritual and moral crisis through the system of values and value orientations. The WVS is the only academic study that includes the full range of national variations: from the very poor to the richest countries, from countries with very authoritarian regimes to the most liberal democracies, covering all cultural zones of the world. Participants in the “World Values Study” program analyze changing value orientations and their impact on social and political life, using high-class tools and scientific research methods in each country. The WVS program has demonstrated that many deep-sea plants subsequently undergo widespread intergenerational change. In order to monitor these changes and study their consequences, WVS conducted a series of survey waves in more than 100 societies on all continents. A central theme underlying the conception of the WVS was the hypothesis that economic and technological transformations bring significant changes in the values, beliefs and behaviors of the population. Analysis of WVS data supports this hypothesis, revealing widespread and consistent differences between the social, economic, religious and political attitudes of populations living in high-income countries and people living in low-income countries. The WVS’s actual data makes it clear that the basic values and attitudes of populations around the world are changing and that change is happening according to consistent and predictable algorithms.},
  author = {Hoian, Ihor and Lazor, Oleh},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.30970/PPS.2024.54.4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Philosophical Political studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {38-44},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Цінність Як Детермінанта Морального Вибору Особистості (Value As A Determinant Of The Moral Choice Of Personality)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.30970/PPS.2024.54.4},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2024
}

@article{behamrabanser2024normalitten,
  abstract = {In den letzten Jahrzehnten veränderten sich Verhalten, Einstellungen und rechtliche Normen in Bezug auf Partnerschaft und Elternschaft. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob diese Veränderungen zeitlich parallel stattfanden und ob sich „neue Normalitäten“ etablierten. Dies wird in einem Zeitraum von mehr als drei Jahrzehnten untersucht für (a) nichteheliche Lebensgemeinschaften; (b) Scheidung, Ein-Eltern-Familien und Stieffamilien; (c) gleichgeschlechtliche Partner- und Familienbeziehungen sowie (d) medizinisch unterstützte Elternschaft. Als Datengrundlage dient vorwiegend das International Social Survey Programme 1988 bis 2023, zusätzlich werden die Europäische Wertestudie sowie der Generations and Gender Survey herangezogen. Zudem werden Daten der Statistik Austria zu Veränderungen in den Familienformen dargestellt.},
  author = {Beham-Rabanser, Martina and Berghammer, Caroline and Zartler, Ulrike},
  doi = {10.1007/s11614-024-00575-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1700 ; ZA2450 ; ZA3910 ; ZA5950 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {18622585},
  journal = {Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {german},
  number = 3,
  pages = {299-329},
  study-id = {ISSP1988 ; ISSP1993 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Neue Normalitäten in Partnerschaft und Elternschaft in Österreich? Wandel von Verhalten, Einstellungen und rechtlichen Normen},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11614-024-00575-1},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{serrasilva2023associational,
  abstract = {This chapter analyzes citizens’ involvement in civil society associations and political participation in Portugal, both longitudinally and within the broader European framework. The study examines the scope, type, and intensity of associational involvement and political participation, as well as the determinants of variation in associational involvement. The results show that civil society involvement is more widespread than previously believed, with citizens mostly affiliated with sports clubs and labor unions.Among those who are members, the majority tend to participate in some capacity in the meetings or activities organized by these organizations. The study also finds an overall increase in all forms of participation between 1999 and 2020. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on interest groups from a demand-side perspective and tests the influence of socioeconomic and attitudinal variables on associational involvement. Results indicate that individuals with higher cognitive resources, social integration, and political interest tend to exhibit higher levels of involvement.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Serra-Silva, Sofia and Oliveira, Rui},
  booktitle = {Interest Groups and Political Representation in Portugal and Beyond},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-32585-4_3},
  editor = {Lisi, Marco},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811},
  isbn = {9783031325854},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {47-88},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Associational Involvement and Political Participation in Portugal: Insights from a Longitudinal and Comparative Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32585-4_3},
  year = 2023
}

@article{cakmak2023ktisadi,
  abstract = {Gender discrimination continues to exist dramatically in economic life as in all areas. Although it has been observed that inequality and discrimination has decreased in some countries and country groups from the past to the present, its persistence requires an investigation of the causes of the issue. It is seen that perceptions, various socio-economic and demographic factors are effective on discrimination, especially when going to the upper steps in working life. The aim of this study is to try to identify the factors that create gender discrimination in managerial positions in Türkiye. In this context, 2018 European Values Survey/World Values Survey Microdata has been analyzed with the probit method. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that mother education level was the most important determinant in order to ensure equality. According to this, it was determined that as the education level of the mother increased, the perception that men could be a better manager than women decreased significantly. Moreover, it was revealed that parameters such as age, individuals’ own education, marital status, size of the place of residence are other factors that reduce the aforementioned perception. No significant effect of income level was detected in the study.},
  author = {ÇAKMAK, İsmail},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.14780/muiibd.1375509},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2587-2672},
  journal = {Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {247–263},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {İktisadi Hayattaki Cinsiyet Ayrimciliği: Yöneticilik Pozisyonunda Ayrimciliğa Sebep Olan Faktörlerin Analizi (Gender Discrimination in Economic Life: Analysis of Factors Causing Discrimination in Managerial Position)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.1375509},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{melich2023national,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Melich, Anna},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004665675_006},
  editor = {Moor, Ruud de},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665675},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {83-105},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1990},
  title = {National Dissatisfaction and Distrust in Europe: the Case of Switzerland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004665675_006},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2023
}

@article{borkowski2024trust,
  abstract = {Economic development belongs to the group of the most important categories not only in economic, but also social and political theory. Even though this category has been the subject of research since the beginning of the formation of economics as a science, it seems that to this day it has not been possible to explain exactly why economies, despite similar resources, develop at a significantly varied pace. The quality of institutions becomes a factor of development, enabling the analysis of the economy from a much broader perspective. The question of whether institutions are relevant for economic development seems rhetorical. The group of norms of the greatest importance for development are informal ones. One of the most important of their elements is social trust. This paper aims to identify the relationship between social trust and economic development and to quantify these latent variables in selected European countries in 2017–2020. This article applies partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The PLS-SEM model covered 35 European economies in 2017–2020. The analyses carried out in this paper indicate that social trust has a strong, positive and statistically significant influence on economic development dynamics. Differences in the level of trust seem to be a valid reason for notable developmental disproportions among European countries. Moreover, trust towards other people is more important than confidence in organizations in shaping social trust, and consequently accelerating economic development. Social trust can be categorized as a “deep” determinant of growth, due to its impacts on the growth itself and its other determinants. Therefore, it is crucial to make trust a strategic priority by policy makers. Not only does the article provide a novel method for measuring social trust and development, but also for identifying the relationship between these latent categories.},
  author = {Borkowski, Mateusz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-024-01854-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {1573-7845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {4257–4280},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Trust and economic development on the example of European economies in 2017–2020: PLS-SEM modeling},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-024-01854-5},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kutlesa2023analiza,
  abstract = {Today, the discourse on marriage and marital life is no longer as straightforward as it may have been about 50 years ago. Namely, different forms of cohabitation have been increasingly coming to the forefront: extramarital cohabitation, or living together without getting married, premarital cohabitation, trial marriages, and other various forms of free love. These »emerging« and increasingly prevalent forms of cohabitation have been becoming more attractive and accepted, arousing the interest of society, and particularly the Church, which stands before the community as a sacrament of the closest union with God, seeking to fulfil her mission in the world – the salvation of people. This departure from the traditional form of marriage is not a natural course of action for the Church, but rather a spiritual and moral concern caused by a departure from God. Therefore, even this research, in which 1688 engaged couples from the Archdiocese of Zagreb took part, showed that despite the traditional view of marriage, there is still a practical concern that encourages the Church to further reflect critically on her pastoral approach to marriage preparation. Thus, the article presents a research of attitudes, views and relation of engaged couples toward marriage and requirements of marriage. At the same time, the authors attempt to present how the traditional vision of marriage in the Church as divine right affect, or fail to affect, engaged couples, and how much they agree with or accept the reality that marriage is above all a divine right.},
  author = {Kutleša, Mislav and Spehanjak, Marijan},
  doi = {10.53745/bs.93.4.4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {655-686},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Analiza duhovno-moralne zrelosti polaznika zaručničkih tečajeva. Zastupljenost i važnost evanđeoskih vrijednosti u pripremi za brak (Analysis of the Spiritual and Moral Maturity of the Participants of Marriage Preparation Courses: Representation and Importance of Gospel Values in Preparation for Marriage)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.53745/bs.93.4.4},
  volume = 93,
  year = 2023
}

@article{cwynar2024religious,
  abstract = {Previous literature has pointed to strong links between religion and economic outcomes. However, little is known about how individual consumers ’ religiosity is related to their financial management outcomes. Using longitudinal data from a national representative survey of households in Poland (more than 90% of believers declaring Roman Catholic religious denomination), we examine the associations between religious service attendance (RSA) and three subsequent consumer financial outcomes: savings, debt, and financial satisfaction. Social contacts, general trust, and risk tolerance have been tested to mediate these associations. The results indicate that RSA is prospectively associated with all three consumer financial outcomes: savings (positive), debt (negative), and financial satisfaction (positive). Only one mediation effect was found: the association between RSA and savings is mediated by social contacts. This implies that religiosity, as measured by RSA, is prospectively associated with financial outcomes, and social contacts have some potential to mediate the process.},
  author = {Cwynar, Andrzej and Potocki, Tomasz and Białowolski, Piotr and Węziak-Białowolska, Dorota},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.18559/ebr.2024.4.1225},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Economics and Business Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-28},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Religious service attendance and consumer financial outcomes: Evidence from a longitudinal survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2024.4.1225},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2024
}

@article{coutinho2023religiously,
  abstract = {This study investigates the remnants and dynamics of religious beliefs and practices among religiously unaffiliated youth in Europe, comparing them with the older unaffiliated as well as with the religiously affiliated. Using EVS 2017?2021 data to test contrasting hypotheses of diffused religion and cohort replacement, the study draws three main conclusions. First, youth believe more on average and older age groups believe less when it comes to eschatological beliefs among both the unaffiliated and the affiliated. Second, youth practice less and older age groups practice more on average among both the unaffiliated and the affiliated. Third, the gaps in levels of religious beliefs and practices remain between the religiously unaffiliated and the religiously affiliated among younger populations, but this gap is now narrower for religious practices. Results confirm both hypotheses (diffused religion and cohort replacement) depending on the dimensions of religiosity at study.},
  author = {Coutinho, José Pereira and Laflamme, Sarah Wilkins},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12901},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {0021-8294},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {2823–2879},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religiously Unaffiliated Youth in Europe: Shifting Remnants of Belief and Practice in Contexts of Diffused Religion and Cohort Decline},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12901},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{ham2024democratic,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Ham, Carolien van and Thomassen, Jacques},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Dutch Politics},
  doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198875499.001.0001},
  editor = {Lange, Sarah de and Louwerse, Tom and Hart, 't Hart and Ham, Caroline van},
  isbn = {9780198875505},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {298-317},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Democratic Legitimacy and Political Support in the Netherlands},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198875499.001.0001},
  year = 2024
}

@article{bentkowska2024informal,
  abstract = {This paper addresses the topic of informal institutions that remain an unexplored part of the institutional system due to identiﬁcation, operationalisation, and measurement problems. The author concludes that there is a dire need to develop an approach to analysing the rules that govern entities’ behaviour that are difﬁcult to comprehend, deeply ingrained, and long-lasting. Therefore, based on data from social surveys, the author has constructed ten indices of informal institutions comprising trust, happiness, bonds with relatives, social capital, interest in politics, tolerance, resourcefulness, religiousness, attitudes to work, and attitudes to traditional values. They present a comprehensible picture of countries’ informal institutions and enable the making of comparisons. Later, the author uses the indices to investigate the links between formal and informal institutions in selected European countries and explore their role in providing a stable environment conducive to economic well-being. This is, however, only an example in which informal institutions are vital, and the research can support further studies in various ﬁelds. The ﬁndings indicate which investigated institutions seem central and worth supporting and which co-occur with lower levels of development.},
  author = {Bentkowska, Katarzyna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.33067/SE.1.2024.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2719-3780},
  journal = {Studia Europejskie},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {27-49},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Informal Institutions – Measurement and Comparison in European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33067/SE.1.2024.2},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2024
}

@article{lindqvist2024eastern,
  abstract = {Many scholars suggest that the left–right dimension can be simplified to a conflict over how much inequality should be accepted in society. Yet, studies on Eastern Europe indicate that acceptance of inequality is not associated with right-wing self-placements there, challenging the reach of the theory. Building on previous literature, this paper tests the proposition by measuring attitudes toward different inequalities separately (specifically in relation to class, gender, sexuality, and immigration/ethnicity), and examines their relationship with left–right self-placements. The paper also develops and tests a novel observable implication, namely that issue salience at the country level moderates the relationship between acceptance of an inequality and left–right self-placements. Using survey data from 27 European countries, multilevel regression models demonstrate that contrary to previous research, acceptance of inequality is associated with right-wing self-placements in both Eastern and Western Europe. Multilevel interaction effects furthermore demonstrate that country-level salience moderates this relationship.},
  author = {Lindqvist, Jesper},
  doi = {10.1057/s41269-024-00332-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  issn = {1741-1416},
  journal = {Acta Politica},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {483–501},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Eastern Europe is no exception: acceptance of inequality and left–right politics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-024-00332-y},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2025
}

@article{draca2024polarised,
  abstract = {We investigate whether the ideological polarisation of citizens has increased in Western democracies. We propose a novel methodology to identify individual ideologies by applying latent Dirichlet allocation to political survey data. This approach indicates that questions related to confidence in institutions play a leading role in defining citizen ideologies, in addition to the questions associated with the traditional left-right scale. We decompose the shift in ideological positions across the population over time and measure polarisation. This reveals evidence of a ‘disappearing centre’ in a sub-group of countries with citizens shifting away from centrist ideologies into anti-establishment ‘anarchist’ ideologies. This trend is especially pronounced for the United States.},
  author = {Draca, Mirko and Schwarz, Carlo},
  doi = {10.1093/ej/ueae010},
  issn = {00130133},
  journal = {The Economic Journal},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 661,
  pages = {1950–1984},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {How Polarised are Citizens? Measuring Ideology from the Ground-Up},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueae010},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kaariainen2024aikuisilla,
  abstract = {Vanhusten pitkäaikaishoivan tarve on kasvanut Suomessa voimakkaasti. Formaalin hoivan tarjonta ei kuitenkaan näytä vastaavan tähän tarpeeseen. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan suomalaisten asennoitumista normiin, jonka mukaan aikuisten lasten velvollisuutena on huolehtia ikääntyvien vanhempiensa pitkäaikaishoivasta. Havaintoja vertaillaan eräiden muiden Euroopan maiden kanssa.},
  author = {Kääriäinen, Juha},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Yhteiskuntapolitiikka},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Onko aikuisilla lapsilla velvollisuus huolehtia ikääntyvien vanhempiensa pitkäaikaishoivasta?},
  url = {https://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/150023},
  year = 2024
}

@article{arpino2023nonstandard,
  abstract = {The life course approach emphasizes that health and wellbeing at older ages are influenced by experiences occurred in the previous stages of life. We contribute to the literature by focusing on the role of the non-standardness of family histories and argue that individuals who experienced non-standard trajectories have been exposed to social sanctions throughout their life course with negative long-term consequences on wellbeing. In our study, non-standardness of family histories is the extent an individual's family history differs from those of the others within reference groups, defined combining birth cohort, gender and country of residence. Family histories between age of 15 and 49 are analyzed using Sequence Analysis, thus accounting for events related to fertility and union formation (marriage and cohabitation) and dissolution, and their timing. Dissimilarities between family sequences are measured using optimal matching and are standardized within the reference groups. We use retrospective data from the seventh wave of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and estimate linear regression models to assess the association between non-standardness of family histories and older people's life satisfaction. Quality of life and depressive symptoms are examined in additional analyses. A negative association is found between non-standardness of family histories and wellbeing, which is stronger for lower educated individuals and in Southern European countries. Results are consistent with the idea that uncommon family behaviors may have a long-term negative effect on wellbeing. Individual resources and a more tolerant societal context can reduce or eliminate the negative consequences of engaging in non-standard family behaviors.},
  author = {Arpino, Bruno and Gumà, Jordi and Julià, Albert},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116350},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4436 v3.0.0},
  issn = {02779536},
  journal = {Social Science & Medicine},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {EVS1981},
  title = {Non-standard family histories and wellbeing at older ages},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116350},
  volume = 338,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{voicu2023religious,
  address = {Lanham},
  author = {Voicu, Malina and Stanescu, Simona Maria},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  isbn = {9781666918267},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {153-166},
  publisher = {Rowman & Littlefield},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Religious Change in the Black Sea Area: The History of the Path-Dependent Secularization},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{ringdal2024hungarian,
  abstract = {This chapter examines civic values in Hungary after the fall of communism based on data from the European Values Study (EVS). Hungarian civic values were compared with those of other European countries at two points of time:Â 1990, just after the fall of communism, and 2017, the year of the latest available value survey. First on the list of civic values are basic attributes of liberal democracies, namely, electoral rights, civil liberties, and the rule of law. In the 2017 survey Hungary scored above the overall mean on the importance of democracy and below the mean on the state of democracy in Hungary. Furthermore, Hungary scored lowest of all countries on whether journalists provide fair coverage of elections, and below the overall mean on how fair elections are carried out in Hungary. For most themes, social capital, political tolerance, political activism, and life satisfaction, Hungary was found to be in the cluster of mainly East European countries with scores below the overall mean on both points in time. On the plus side:Â Hungary scored high on confidence in political institutions and showed a substantial increase in life satisfaction over the period. On the minus side, Hungary scored consistently very low on political activism and showed a substantial drop in ethnic tolerance between 1990 and 2017.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Ringdal, Kristen},
  booktitle = {Civic and Uncivic Values in Hungary: Value Transformation, Politics, and Religion},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021 ; 10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003488842-6},
  editor = {Ramet, Sabrina P. and Kürti, László},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {59-82},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Hungarian civic values in a European context},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003488842-6},
  year = 2024
}

@article{dizon2023public,
  abstract = {Background: Universal health coverage (UHC) aims to provide quality healthcare services and safeguard the population from the financial burden of catastrophic health expenditure. Its primary objectives are to improve longevity and enhance overall quality of life. This study investigates the relationship between UHC and the inequality in subjective wellbeing (SWB) and explores whether public health programs can reduce social inequality. By employing SWB inequality as a measure, we go beyond the conventional income-centric approach to assess social inequality. Methods: The SWB data used in this study are derived from the repeated cross-sectional survey obtained from the European Values Study (EVS) and the World Values Survey (WVS). We adopt an observational study design and employ statistical techniques, such as ordinary least squares, Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, and the recentered influence function (RIF). The RIF, in particular, allows us to characterise the entire distribution of SWB, rather than focusing on a single point. Results: UHC programs are negatively associated with SWB inequality (-0.070, significant at 5%). The negative association is observed at the 5th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the SWB distribution, whilst the association becomes positive at the 95th percentile. UHC programs do not contribute to the SWB inequality gap. Conclusions: UHC programs exhibit an inequality-reduction property when the inequality is not severe or when countries are more equal. However, their effectiveness diminishes in the presence of extreme inequality. Health programs do not contribute to the existing SWB inequality gap between developed and developing countries. Strengthening the two dimensions of the UHC program (i.e., service coverage and financial protection) will ensure better health and wellbeing for all, and potentially foster a more equal and inclusive society.},
  author = {Dizon, Ryan Joseph R.},
  doi = {10.1186/s13561-023-00467-2},
  issn = {21911991},
  journal = {Health Economics Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-18},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Do public healthcare programs make societies more equal? Cross-country evidence on subjective wellbeing},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-023-00467-2},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2023
}

@article{hechavarria2024implications,
  abstract = {Purpose: This study explores the relationship between economic freedom and gender ideologies on the allocation of women’s opportunity-to-necessity entrepreneurship across countries. Opportunity entrepreneurship is typically understood as one’s best option for work, whereas necessity entrepreneurship describes the choice as driven by no better option for work. Specifically, we examine how economic freedom (i.e. each country’s policies that facilitate voluntary exchange) and gender ideologies (i.e. each country’s propensity for gendered separate spheres) affect the distribution of women’s opportunity-to-necessity entrepreneurship across countries. Design/methodology/approach: We construct our sample by matching data from the following country-level sources: the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s Adult Population Survey (APS), the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom Index (EFI), the European/World Value Survey’s Integrated Values Survey (IVS) gender equality index, and other covariates from the IVS, Varieties of Democracy (V-dem) World Bank (WB) databases. Our final sample consists of 729 observations from 109 countries between 2006 and 2018. Entrepreneurial activity motivations are measured by the ratio of the percentage of women’s opportunity-driven total nascent and early-stage entrepreneurship to the percentage of female necessity-driven total nascent and early-stage entrepreneurship at the country level. Due to a first-order autoregressive process and heteroskedastic cross-sectional dependence in our panel, we estimate a fixed-effect regression with robust standard errors clustered by country. Findings: After controlling for multiple macro-level factors, we find two interesting findings. First, economic freedom positively affects the ratio of women’s opportunity-to-necessity entrepreneurship. We find that the size of government, sound money, and business and credit regulations play the most important role in shaping the distribution of contextual motivations over time and between countries. However, this effect appears to benefit efficiency and innovation economies more than factor economies in our sub-sample analysis. Second, gender ideologies of political equality positively affect the ratio of women’s opportunity-to-necessity entrepreneurship, and this effect is most pronounced for efficiency economies. Originality/value: This study offers one critical contribution to the entrepreneurship literature by demonstrating how economic freedom and gender ideologies shape the distribution of contextual motivation for women’s entrepreneurship cross-culturally. We answer calls to better understand the variation within women’s entrepreneurship instead of comparing women’s and men’s entrepreneurial activity. As a result, our study sheds light on how structural aspects of societies shape the allocation of women’s entrepreneurial motivations through their institutional arrangements.},
  author = {Hechavarría, Diana M. and Guerrero, Maribel and Terjesen, Siri and Grady, Azucena},
  doi = {10.1108/IJEBR-04-2023-0429},
  issn = {13552554},
  journal = {International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1614-1651},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The implications of economic freedom and gender ideologies on women's opportunity-to-necessity entrepreneurship},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2023-0429},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2024
}

@article{hoffmannlange2024global,
  abstract = {This article analyzes the global development of democracy since the 1990s. The theoretical introduction is followed by a descriptive analysis of several indices of political support based on survey results for 89 countries that participated at least twice in the World Values Survey (WVS) or the European Values Study (EVS). The analysis focuses on emancipative value orientations measured by Welzel's Choice Index and several indicators of political support. The scores of these indicators are broken down by five regime types and seven world regions. The results confirm that the global decline of democratic quality since the mid-2000s has not been as dramatic as the pessimistic analyses of Freedom House and the V-Dem project have claimed. It has primarily taken place in a limited number of populous countries on which these publications have focused. When countries are treated equally, the quality of democracy has remained remarkably stable since the early 1990s. Emancipative values are globally on the rise, but their increase has been considerably higher in the established democracies. This supports the skeptical argument that they cannot be considered as the major cause of the third wave of democratization. The descriptive analysis is complemented by regression analyses for confidence in regime institutions and support for democracy as dependent variables. The evaluation of democratic regime performance is the strongest predictor of confidence in regime institutions. An intrinsic conception of democracy and the importance assigned to living in a democracy have the strongest influence on support for democracy. Emancipative value orientations have a minor influence on political support even in consolidated democracies. Finally, the analysis does not confirm the suspected relationship between the different levels of political support. Easton's theory of political support assumed that they mutually influence each other via a generalization of experiences or an overflow of values. Instead, it seems that confidence in regime institutions and support for democracy follow different cognitive logics.},
  author = {Hoffmann-Lange, Ursula},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2024.1323464},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA750 v3.0.0},
  issn = {26733145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS 1981–201},
  title = {The global development of value orientations, political support and democracy since the 1990s},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1323464},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2024
}

@article{alvarino2024partisan,
  abstract = {Against their traditional ideologies, some center-right parties in Western Europe have shifted from defending familistic institutions to enacting defamilialization policies. The literature has explored how the misfit between changing postindustrial contexts and familistic institutions generates functional and electoral pressures that directly trigger this change. In contrast, this article argues that this transformation depends on successful reforms by previous center-left governments. Traditional electoral constituencies and partisan-rooted policy ideas change slowly, leading to initial center-right resistance. However, eventual defamilialization by progressive actors creates feedback effects, such as new mass and employer constituencies and policy learning, influencing conservative actors to change their stance. This argument is supported by comparing six familistic welfare states over four decades using novel and multiple data sources. While defamilialization preceded center-right change in Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain, interministerial compromises in Austria and government instability in Italy prevented left-led transformative reforms, maintaining the center-right in a familistic position.},
  author = {Alvariño, Manuel},
  doi = {10.1177/00323292241266390},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA4804},
  issn = {1552-7514},
  journal = {Politics & Society},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {98-129},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Partisan Politics and Feedback Effects: Comparing Defamilialization by Center-Right Parties across Six Familistic Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00323292241266390},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2024
}

@article{sanchezmira2024diverging,
  abstract = {This article analyses how social and economic transformations over the last two decades have shaped women’s position in the work and family spheres in Italy and Spain, two countries often clustered together with other Southern European countries and yet exhibiting distinct features. Taking a long-term outlook, we discuss patterns of change of labour market indicators and gender-role attitudes during periods of economic growth, recession and recovery, to identify the implications of such changes for models of female socio-economic integration and gender equality issues in both countries. We show that the divergent trends have situated the two countries in significantly different positions. While Italy seems to be on a trajectory of continuity, with no significant change in female labour market integration, Spain shows a fundamental path-departure from the distinctive characteristics of the Southern model, with the 2008 economic downturn acting as a catalyst for change regarding women’s work and family roles.},
  author = {Sánchez-Mira, Núria and Gaiaschi, Camilla and Insarauto, Valeria and Verd, Joan M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.5565/rev/aiet.122},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Salud mental, mercado de trabajo y relaciones laborales: Viejos y nuevos desafíos en el periodo post-pandemia},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-28},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Diverging destinies? A long-term outlook into women’s work and gender roles in Italy and Spain},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/aiet.122},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{brechon2024individualisation,
  abstract = {Many analysts are very pessimistic about French society, which is becoming increasingly individualistic, with everyone acting according to their own interests. In fact, individualism is very often confused with individualisation, i.e. the desire for autonomy in the conduct of one’s life. These two attitudes are in fact quite opposite. Contrary to popular belief, individualism has been on the decline in France for the past 10 years, while individualisation is progressing very strongly. And above all, the more individualised you are, the less individualistic you are. The autonomy of the individual goes hand in hand with a stronger altruism. These attitudes are strongly linked to trust in others, left–right orientation, egalitarian values between men and women, politicisation and religiosity.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Investigating Forty Years of French Politics Through Value Changes},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_3},
  editor = {Belot, Céline and Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA4804},
  isbn = {9783031469589},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {13-37},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Individualisation rising and individualism declining in France: How can this be explained?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_3},
  year = 2024
}

@article{mazur2024confessional,
  abstract = {Religious education is a standard in European schools, but it is implemented according to different models. Against this background, Poland, with its confessional religious education for which churches and religious associations are responsible, appears as a certain model. However, is this kind of religious education able to meet the needs of today’s children and young people? This article begins with a brief description of religious education in Poland and then focuses on the characteristics of contemporary changes that affect all areas of human life, including religiousness. The hypothesis of the authors, which has found its justification in the proposed text, is the conviction that confessional religious education is able to respond to the needs of its contemporary addressees, but it must also have the ability to change and adapt, especially from the perspective of didactics. It is also important to be able to function in the reality of pluralism and complexity, as well as in the increasingly widespread computerization.},
  author = {Mazur, Radosław and Szauer, Remigiusz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.3390/rel15111387},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v1.0.0},
  issn = {2077-1444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Confessional Religious Education at School in the Face of Contemporary Challenges Based on the Polish Experience},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15111387},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{rontos2025demographic,
  abstract = {Family patterns have changed since the 1960s in Scandinavia and the 1970s in Western Europe. Marriage and fertility began being postponed with a delay in Greece (since 1980). Cohabitation and extramarital childbearing were very low until the first half of the 2000s in this Mediterranean country. However, behaviors seem to be gradually converging with the western European ones since the mid-2000s, as younger generations’ values, lifestyles, and aspirations in Greece differ slightly from those in other parts of Northern and Western Europe. Based on four consecutive surveys (N=764) of students’ attitudes toward marriage (and cohabitation), an exploratory data analysis allows the identification of specific factors shaping beliefs and attitudes toward marriage in Greek society in the mid-2000s (i.e., a period before the economic crisis and before major legislative transformations that facilitated divorce and introduced the registered partnership for heterosexual and homosexual couples) and the 2010s (the years of severe economic recession and increase in divorce rates, extramarital childbearing, and cohabitation). The results demonstrated that the Greek society is becoming less traditional, and the influence of social norms, family pressures, and religious doctrines on young adults’ family decisions is slowly fading. Young adults postpone marriage (and childbearing) and show a greater preference for cohabitation than older generations. In addition, young women interviewed in the 2010s are less in favor of marriage than those participating in the 2000s survey. Moreover, marriage still seems to be connected with childbearing in Greece, as those who wish to experience parenthood more frequently prefer marriage. Religion still exerts some positive influence on attitudes toward marriage, while individualistic values seem to play a crucial role concerning the intention to get married. Finally, the lack of welfare state policies that efficiently protect family and facilitate the reconciliation of family and professional life is an important element taken into account by young people in their decision to get married and create a family.},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Rontos, Kostas and Kontogiannis, Georgios and Salvati, Luca and Antonoglou, Dimitrios},
  booktitle = {Environmental Sustainability and Global Change: Forests, Agriculture, and Soils vis à vis Human Disturbance},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-443-31596-1.00015-5},
  editor = {Salvati, Luca},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {9780443315961},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {205-235},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Demographic change and beliefs toward marriage: exploring the associated factors in urban and rural Greece before and during recession},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-31596-1.00015-5},
  year = 2025
}

@article{landsberger2024jahre,
  abstract = {Vor 20 Jahren traten im Rahmen der fünften Erweiterungsrunde zehn Länder der EU bei. Von diesen zehn liegen acht in Osteuropa, weswegen oft von der EU-Osterweiterung gesprochen wird. Mit Polen und Ungarn waren darunter auch Länder, die zuletzt ein angespanntes Verhältnis zur EU hatten. Die gegen die beiden Länder eingeleiteten Rechtsstaatsverfahren sind Ausdruck dieser Spannungen. Das Vertrauen der Bürger*- innen der Beitrittsländer in die EU ist jedoch noch immer hoch. Auch das Ansehen der Demokratie ist nach wie vor hoch und der Wunsch nach "starken" Anführer*innen gering.},
  author = {Landsberger, Albert},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {0945-5922},
  journal = {ifo Dresden berichtet},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 2,
  pages = {13-17},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {20 Jahre EU-Osterweiterung: Vertrauen in die EU und Glaube an Demokratie sind nicht zurückgegangen},
  url = {https://www.ifo.de/publikationen/2024/aufsatz-zeitschrift/20-jahre-eu-osterweiterung-vertrauen-eu-glaube-demokratie},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{zanders2023changing,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Zanders, Harry and Harding, Stephen},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004665675_011},
  editor = {Moor, Ruud de},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665675},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {195-216},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990},
  title = {Changing Work Values in Europe and North America. Continents and Occupations Compared},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004665675_011},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{radulovic2023nexus,
  abstract = {In the seventh chapter, Mladen Radulović and Haris Dajč examine the connection between nationalism and egalitarianism in populist narratives and value orientations in Serbia in the 21st century. Using a triangulation of different methods, the authors manage to detect how nationalism and egalitarianism, both as messages (from above) and as value orientations (from below), have shaped the modern political life of Serbia. They analyse nationalism and egalitarianism in the political messages of the two parties that won the most votes in parliamentary elections since 2000 and use data gathered during the past 20 years in the World Values Survey and European Values Study. The authors successfully explain the longue durée of nationalism and egalitarianism in Serbian society since the 19th century.},
  address = {Kraków},
  author = {Radulović, Mladen and Dajč, Haris},
  booktitle = {Faces of Populism in Central and South-Eastern Europe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13841 ; 10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.4467/K7466.155/22.23.17542},
  editor = {Dajč, Haris and Styczyńska, Natasza},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v5.0.0 ; ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {209-230},
  publisher = {Jagiellonian University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {The nexus of nationalism and egalitarianism in populist narratives and value orientations in Serbia in the 21st century},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4467/K7466.155/22.23.17542},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{halman2024globalization,
  address = {Tillburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society: The European's Religion at the End of the 20th Century},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Riis, Ole},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665705},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {153-172},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1990},
  title = {Globalization and Patterns of Religious Belief Systems},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kutluaycelik2024comparative,
  abstract = {The phenomenon of secularisation has long been a subject of considerable interest among sociologists of religion. This process is intricately linked with modernization, which represents a fundamental dynamic driving societal change and reshaping various social institutions. According to some sociologists, religion, once a central institution, has begun to lose its influence and prominence as societies modernize. Numerous scholars, particularly sociologists have articulated this observation. Western sociologists have approached the study of secularisation through different paradigms, including “the old secularisation paradigm,” “the new secularisation paradigm,” and “the alternative (eclectic) secularisation paradigm,” the latter of which often focuses on non-Western contexts. For instance, Bryan Ronald Wilson (1926-2004), a prominent representative of the classical paradigm, has authored several influential works on new religious movements, such as Sects and Society: Magic and the Millennium (1973) and The Social Dimensions of Sectarianism (1990). From a different perspective, Rodney Stark (1934-2022), a key figure in the new paradigm, has contributed extensively to the discourse on religion and secularisation through publications such as The Triumph of Faith (2015), A Theory of Religion (1987), The Future of Religion (1985), and various articles including “Secularization, R.I.P.” (1987) and “Must All Religions Be Supernatural?” (2015). Our study aims to examine, evaluate, and compare the perspectives of Bryan Wilson and Rodney Stark on secularisation using qualitative analysis and literature review methodologies. For the sake of comparison, we will focus on Stark’s and Wilson’s views on secularization and religion. In addition, the study aims to illuminate the evolution of secularization paradigms over time and show that although secularization is associated with modernity, it is perceived differently within the new paradigm. Furthermore, focusing on the perspectives of these two sociologists, we will analyze what role new religious movements and pluralistic understandings play in this context. On the other hand, Wilson argues that subjective religiosity remains high in Europe, suggesting that secularisation has significantly impacted traditional religious groups and contributed to the formation of new cults. Specifically, we will examine Wilson’s assertion that, in modern society, churches have become a“post office,” visited only as needed, and that the rise of new religious movements reflects the diminished importance of religion in society. For Wilson, these movements are considered a secularized form of religion. According to Stark, secularisation has notably impacted traditional, low-intensity religious groups, it has not precluded the emergence of fervent cults and sects. Stark argues that although the influence of traditional religious institutions has diminished due to secularization, religious practices persist. We will explore Stark’s views on religion and secularisation, including the evidence for secularisation and the proliferation of new religious movements in the modern world. In the final analysis, this paper claims that despite the decline in the influence of traditional religious institutions due to secularisation, religious practices have persisted in different forms or structures.},
  author = {Kutluay Çelik, Büşra},
  doi = {10.35415/sirnakifd.1538315},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  journal = {Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 35,
  pages = {419-449},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Comparative Analysis of the Views of Rodney Stark and Bryan Wilson in the Context of Secularisation Paradigms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.35415/sirnakifd.1538315},
  year = 2024
}

@article{maman2024measuring,
  abstract = {Citizen trust in regulatory agencies is essential for the functioning of society and markets. Trust in regulatory agencies promotes compliance and strengthens trust in regulated sectors. Despite its importance, there is no systematic study on how trust is in this context can be measured best. In response, this article presents findings of a systematic review of measures of trust in regulatory contexts, assessing their utility for measuring citizen trust in regulatory agencies. Our review of recent literature and of seven major international surveys finds several areas for methodological improvement in the measurement of such trust. The review highlights that while trust in various institutions is extensively studied, high-quality measures for regulatory agencies specifically are lacking. Both one-off studies of trust in regulatory agencies and large international surveys of trust in government reveal an absence of systematic and consistent measurement of trust in these agencies. We propose recommendations to enhance measurement consistency, transparency, and contextual diversity. This study underscores the urgency of addressing this critical dimension of trust and provides a roadmap for improving our understanding of citizen trust in regulatory agencies.},
  author = {Maman, Libby and Fahy, Lauren and Grimmelikhuijsen, Stephan and Kappler, Moritz},
  doi = {10.1111/rego.12618},
  issn = {1748-5991},
  journal = {Regulation & Governance},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {39-86},
  title = {Measuring citizen trust in regulatory agencies: A systematic review and ways forward},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12618},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bugge2024todimensjonale,
  abstract = {Due to the increasing priority of cultural conflicts, research on electoral politics in Western Europe now suggests a two-dimensional structure of political conflict. Accordingly, the formation of citizens political preferences is, alongside the economic left-right conflict, assumed to be structured by a cultural conflict. These insights are now gaining presence in the studies of welfare attitudes. Complementing this vein this article studies the relevance of a cultural conflict dimension for opinions towards activation policies, that through work-related conditions and economic sanctions, aim at bringing the unemployed to take up work as fast as possible. This article argues that the ideological conflict underpinning the new cultural divide, where the one side emphasizes authoritarian- and particularistic values, strengthens support of work-related conditions and economic sanctions. Supporting the idea of a two-dimensional space of conflicts, results show that variation in support for activation policies are explained by cultural conflicts. Moreover, the results also show that (1) the impact of economic conflicts on attitudes toward activation policies far exceeds that of cultural conflicts and (2) cultural conflicts demonstrate unchanging significance in explaining support of activation policies across nearly three decades (1990–2017), a pattern which to some extent is mirrored by economic conflicts.},
  author = {Bugge, Hanna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.18261/nst.40.2.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {15042936},
  journal = {Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {77-95},
  study-id = {EVS 1981-2017},
  title = {Todimensjonale velferdsholdninger? Relevansen av en kulturbasert konfliktdimensjon for vesteuropeeres holdninger til vilkårssetting overfor arbeidsledige, 1990–2017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18261/nst.40.2.2},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2024
}

@article{gama2024trust,
  abstract = {Purpose: Does societal trust influence short-term financial management? Recent papers uncover the importance of societal trust for financial management in specific countries and large firms. Our paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of societal trust on short-term financial policies of SMEs, namely working capital management and cash holdings. Design/methodology/approach: We rely on a sample of 14,711 privately owned medium-sized manufacturing firms from 26 European countries with a sample period between 2014 and 2020. For estimation, we use pooled OLS and hierarchical linear models and control for several firm-specific and country-specific known determinants of short-term financial management. Moreover, our results are robust to the specific measurement of trust, financial constraints, and corruption. Findings: We show a positive relationship between trust and working capital requirements investment and a negative relationship between trust and the level of cash holdings. Moreover, we show that trust attenuates the negative impact of being a financially constrained firm and the positive impact of national perceptions of corruption. Finally, in higher trustworthy environments, firms operate with relatively higher inventories and relatively lower trade credit granted and obtained. Research limitations/implications: Results suggest that policies supporting societal trust may also foster business development and that when dealing with clients or suppliers from different trustworthy environments, firms may have to adapt their business models to incorporate trust differences between business environments. Originality/value: Firstly, the comprehensive analysis of the impact of trust on working capital management and cash holdings while controlling for different firm-level and country-level known determinants of short-term financial management. Secondly, it addresses a European sample of unquoted, medium-sized firms. Thirdly, it studies the combined effect of trust and financial constraints and trust and corruption.},
  author = {Gama, Paulo M. and Pedroso, Elsa},
  doi = {10.1108/IJMF-12-2022-0557},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {17439132},
  journal = {International Journal of Managerial Finance},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = { 67-86},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Trust and SME short-term financial policy. European evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-12-2022-0557},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2025
}

@article{budzynski2023dystans,
  abstract = {The article addresses the important social problem of increasing xenophobic attitudes toward immigrants in many European countries. One of the ways in which xenophobic attitudes are expressed may be the declared social distance. In this context, an analysis of selected determinants of social distance towards immigrants in a small Central European society such as the Czech Republic was undertaken. Within the framework of the analysis, several models were proposed, which showed different impacts of selected factors on the declarations of social distance. Among other things, the study showed that an important mechanism generating the influence of selected factors on the declaration of social distance is the feeling of threat.},
  author = {Budzyński, Łukasz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.5604/01.3001.0054.2712},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2544-9478},
  journal = {International Journal of Legal Studies (IJOLS)},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {211-229},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Dystans Społeczny Wobec Imigrantów W Czeskim Społeczeństwie–Wybrane Uwarunkowania (Social Distance Towards Immigrants In Czech Society - Selected Determinants)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2712},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@article{mao2024proreligion,
  abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to address vaccine coverage inequality. Despite calls from scientists and national organizations, progress in ensuring equitable access to vaccines has been slow. This study aims to reveal the COVID-19 vaccine coverage inequality and investigate the predictive effect of attitudes toward science and religion on real-word vaccination uptake. We draw on three high-quality, large-scale databases to unveil real-world vaccine coverage, which stood at an average of 53% of the population by mid-2022. The vaccination rate varies based on a country’s income, with higher-income nations having higher vaccination rates and faster vaccination speed. Regression models and a multiverse analysis reveal that both country-level attitudes towards science and religion, as well as religious faith, are linked to vaccination rate at the country level. Countries where a higher proportion of the population prioritize religious beliefs over scientific evidence when the two come into conflict tend to have lower vaccination coverage rates and slower vaccination speeds. These findings suggest that scientists and policymakers must take into account social and cultural characteristics of populations when addressing vaccine inequality.},
  author = {Mao, Zhe-Fei and Li, Qi-Wei and Wang, Yi-Ming and Zhou, Jie},
  doi = {10.1057/s41599-023-02598-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {2662-9992},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 64,
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/ WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Pro-religion attitude predicts lower vaccination coverage at country level},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02598-7},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2024
}

@article{baluta2023preaching,
  abstract = {In this article, we examine a decade of parliamentary debates related to the topic of family to understand the reasons and the rhetorical strategies that drive the support of the Romanian MPs for the traditional family. Starting from four themes identified in the literature as relevant for the topic of family—national identity, religion, heteronormativity, and children—we identify the dominant definition of the “traditional family” as that of the Christian Romanian family founded and defended by ancestors, that is, the union between a man and a woman, for the purpose of reproduction, as the only place that can guarantee that children will grow up in a healthy and moral environment. This hegemonic narrative is enhanced by the anti-gender campaign repertoire and strengthened by populist logic, aiming to restore the true Romanians values—Christian, ancestral, and national—in opposition to contemporary Western relativism and the alleged colonial cultural project of gender equality+ politics. The decadent present, threatening national identity, the continuity of the people, Christian values, the natural gender order, or the safety of children, can only be saved by returning to the traditional family, which functions as a hegemonic signifier re-imposing, in the logic of the narrative of return, a nationalist, conservative, and religious definition of the family, based on biological and natural foundations and necessarily heteronormative and chauvinist.},
  author = {Băluță, Ionela and Tufiș, Claudiu},
  doi = {10.1177/08883254231181069},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {08883254},
  journal = {East European Politics and Societies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {616-638},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Preaching the “Traditional Family” in the Romanian Parliament: The Political Stakes and Meanings of a Hegemonic Narrative},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254231181069},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2024
}

@article{karakasaydinbakar2024relative,
  abstract = {This study examines the effect of relative income on the happiness of wives and husbands in dual-earner households in Türkiye using the Family Structure Survey Micro Data Set in 2016 and 2021. The effect of relative income on happiness in dual-earner households is examined in relation to gender identity. The estimation results from ordered probit model show that an increase in wives’ share of total income decreases only husbands’ happiness, while the happiness of wives is not affected. The estimation results show that wives’ income exceeding husbands’ income does not lead to a decrease in wives’ happiness, while wives, who are almost the breadwinners of the households, negatively affect husbands’ happiness. The introduction of an alternative specification for gender identity confirms that there is no relationship between the income advantage of wives over husbands and their happiness. The estimation results for husbands’ happiness with the alternative specification show that a lower but very similar income contribution of wives, than that of husbands, reduces husbands’ happiness. It is also found that wives who are almost the main earners in dual-earner households reduce husbands’ happiness. All results obtained from the OLS regression are consistent with all findings. This study confirms that deviating from the prescribed roles that assigned to women has a negative impact on the husband’s happiness.},
  author = {Karakaş Aydınbakar, Ayşenur},
  doi = {10.1007/s12147-024-09335-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {19364717},
  journal = {Gender Issues},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Relative Income, Gender Identity, and Happiness in Dual-Earner Households in Türkiye},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-024-09335-7},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{tervoniemela2024living,
  address = {Leipzig},
  author = {Tervo-Niemelä, Kati},
  booktitle = {Living Tradition: Continuity and Change as Challenges to Churches and Theologies},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13091},
  doi = {10.5771/9783374075416-354},
  editor = {Berry, John Anthony and Coman, Viorel},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7501 v1.0.0 ; ZA7570},
  isbn = {978-3-374-07541-6},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {173-188},
  publisher = {EVA},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Living Faith in Families in Cahnging Times: Continuity and Discontinuity of Christianity in Families in Europe and in Canada},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783374075416-354},
  year = 2024
}

@article{clark2024represent,
  abstract = {Women are under-represented in political leadership roles, comprising only a quarter of national parliament members across the world. This is surprising, given women's comparatively high level of education and labor force participation. Why has women's political leadership lagged behind other indicators of gender equality? In this study, we revisit the importance of gender attitudes and examine the extent to which they shape women's share of parliament. Prior studies either examine gender attitudes by relying on cross-sectional research designs with small samples or adopt proxy measures that serve as crude indicators of gender ideology. We overcome these limitations by directly measuring gender attitudes from the World Values Survey and European Values Study, while adopting a panel design with a larger sample of countries and a more comprehensive set of controls. Drawing from our dataset of 275 observations across 101 countries during the 1995–2021 period, we find that our attitudinal measure, gender egalitarianism, wipes away most of the observed differences in women's share of parliament between world regions. Moreover, when we add two-way fixed effects, we find that a one-unit increase in a country's gender egalitarianism score is associated with an increase in women's parliament share by about four or five percentage points. Finally, we address concerns about endogeneity by replicating our results using two-stage least squares models with fixed effects. Overall, our findings suggest that gender ideology helps account for the growing success and persistent obstacles faced by women political candidates across the world.},
  author = {Clark, Rob and Kroska, Amy},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103051},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0049089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Free to represent you and me: Gender attitudes and women's share of parliament, 1995–2021},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103051},
  volume = 122,
  year = 2024
}

@article{adamczyk2024analysis,
  abstract = {With advancement in reproductive technologies, public opinion regarding these procedures varies considerably across the world. While prominent public debates have focused on abortion, we know less about the factors shaping feelings regarding Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). Both procedures challenge the idea that human life starts with conception – with the fertilization of an embryo. Using European Values Survey data and multilevel modeling, we compare how religion and other personal and country-level factors shape disapproval toward abortion and ART. Conservative Protestants and people who are more engaged with their religion and live in a more religious country are more likely to disapprove of abortion and ART. More supportive polices and attitudes regarding ART, but not abortion, are correlated. Additionally, economic development moderates the relationship between personal religiosity and abortion, but not ART. This finding provides important insight into why abortion has remained such a controversial issue, even in richer nations.},
  author = {Adamczyk, Amy and Suh, Brittany and Lerner, Lindsay},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103012},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {0049089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Analysis of the relationship between religion, abortion, and assisted reproductive technology: Insights into cross-national public opinion},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103012},
  volume = 120,
  year = 2024
}

@article{graafland2023economic,
  abstract = {Previous research has shown that economic freedom is associated with life satisfaction. Nonetheless, how economic freedom affects life satisfaction remains relatively unexplored. Test results on a sample of 238,944 observations from 78 countries in the period from 1990 to 2020 show that individual autonomy is a possible channel (so-called mediator): whereas economic freedom is found to foster individual autonomy, individual autonomy in turn increases life satisfaction. The relationship between economic freedom and individual autonomy particularly concerns two subdimensions of economic freedom: sound money and freedom to trade internationally. The test results show that the indirect effect of economic freedom on life satisfaction through individual autonomy is significant and explains 18% of the total relationship between economic freedom and life satisfaction. Furthermore, we find that the strength of the relationship between individual autonomy and life satisfaction increases with individualism, one of Hofstede's dimensions of national culture (i.e., individualism is a moderator). This suggests a so-called moderated mediation model, in which the relationship between economic freedom and life satisfaction is mediated by individual autonomy and moderated by individualism.},
  author = {Graafland, Johan},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102448},
  issn = {01762680},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Economic freedom and life satisfaction: A moderated mediation model with individual autonomy and national culture},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102448},
  volume = 79,
  year = 2023
}

@book{braouet2023deutschland,
  abstract = {60 Jahre deutsch-französischer Freundschaftsvertrag – eine Gelegenheit, die gemeinsam erzielten Fortschritte zu würdigen. Mutige Entscheidungen haben Frieden und die gemeinsam vorangetriebene europäische Integration ermöglicht. Doch aktuelle Krisen, nationalistische Bewegungen, eine gespaltene politische Bevölkerung und mangelndes ziviles Interesse an einer europäischen Gemeinschaft drohen diese Zusammenarbeit ins Wanken zu bringen. Christophe Braouet plädiert dafür, auch in Zukunft ein starkes Europa und die soziale Marktwirtschaft nicht durch Alleingänge, sondern durch gemeinsame Bestrebungen zu tragen. Das Wohlbefinden sollte zum politischen Maßstab werden, um das Interesse der Zivilgesellschaft zurückzugewinnen.},
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Braouet, Christophe},
  doi = {10.5771/9783828879676},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Tectum Verlag},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Deutschland und Frankreich schaffen das: Für eine neue Zusammenarbeit 60 Jahre nach dem Élysée-Vertrag},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828879676},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{almakaeva2023intolerance,
  address = {London},
  author = {Almakaeva, Anna and Chervinsky, Igor and Mikhailova, Natalia},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {(In)Tolerance in the Black Sea Region},
  year = 2023
}

@article{otero2023differences,
  abstract = {This paper explores country-level macro-structural conditions that are associated with social capital, measured as individuals’ access to social resources. To explain differences in social capital across societies, we formulate hypotheses based on welfare state generosity, cultural orientations (collectivism vs. individualism), and income inequality. We test our hypotheses using data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) 2017, which comprises a total sample size of 50,010 individuals living in 33 countries. We use the position generator survey instrument to build two composite measures of social capital: the diversity and the socio-economic status of social contacts. Multilevel regression models reveal that diversity of social contacts is generally greater among individuals in countries with generous welfare states, while access to contacts of a higher socio-economic status is generally better among individuals in countries with higher levels of individualism. A country’s income inequality is not associated with the social capital of its citizens. However, the association between a person’s socioeconomic status and the diversity of their social capital is moderated by income inequality. As such, our study serves to demonstrate that macro-social conditions at the country level do influence individual social capital and have different implications depending on the dimension considered.},
  author = {Otero, Gabriel and Völker, Beate and Rözer, Jesper and Mollenhorst, Gerald},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcad035},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA6980 ; ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {02667215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {493–510},
  study-id = {ISSP2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Differences in access to social capital across societies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad035},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2024
}

@article{nguyenhuu2024political,
  abstract = {This article investigates the integration of Vietnamese-origin immigrants into the political sphere in Poland. Drawing on the reconceptualisation of integration as a two-way interactive process between migrant actors and host countries, this study examines the Vietnamese&rsquo;s political integration by disentangling the migrant group&rsquo;s willingness to be politically integrated through their participation in the political opportunities granted in the host society. Empirically, this study focuses on the viewpoint of immigrants, analysing the Vietnamese&rsquo;s latent and manifest political participation in Polish society. By employing mixed-method research with a parallel mixed design utilising qualitative and quantitative data, this study discloses the visibility of political integration into Polish society among Vietnamese-origin immigrants. The integration is characterised by a modest willingness for political engagement, exhibited by a low involvement level in latent activities and a very low rate of engagement in the manifest dimension. Political integration motivation is highly linked to the perception of obligation fulfilment to the host society, the desire to gain recognition from the hosts and the protection of liberal values. The results also uncover a variation in political participation across primary demographic factors, with a high degree of involvement manifested among males, older people and the 1.5 and second generation.},
  author = {Nguyễn Hữu, An and Lê Duy Mai, Phương},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.54667/ceemr.2024.13},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Central and Eastern European Migration Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {95-121},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Political Integration through Latent and Manifest Political Participation: The Vietnamese Diaspora in Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.54667/ceemr.2024.13},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2024
}

@article{zymova2024democracy,
  abstract = {The article focuses on the evaluative attitudes of citizens and their association with regime support in European democracies. In the context of widespread public scepticism with politics, different findings about the effect of political dissatisfaction in terms of democratic legitimacy have appeared. This may imply that citizens’ attitudes towards politics and their interrelations are complex and that the effects might not be the same across individuals and contexts. To investigate the link between political dissatisfaction and democratic support, data from the European Values Study and hierarchical regression models are used. The results of the analysis suggest that political dissatisfaction is not related to democratic support by highly interested and highly involved citizens. Nevertheless, contrary to the assumptions, the negative effect is quite strong in less corrupt countries, while in corrupt ones it tends to be positively related to democratic support.},
  author = {Zymová, Kateřina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2024.2304152},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {13510347},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1297-1317},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Democracy is hot. or not? Examining the link between political dissatisfaction and democratic support in European democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2024.2304152},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2024
}

@article{coutinho2023clusters,
  abstract = {This article, based on evs 2008, presents clusters of religiosity regarding the Portuguese population. The author based his research on multiple correspondence analysis and clusters analysis, using one indicator for each dimension of religiosity (belief, practice, and attitude). Five clusters of religiosity were found: non-practicing heterodox believers, occasional practicing heterodox believers, skeptical Catholics, intermediate Catholics, and observant Catholics. These clusters were crossed with socio-demographic indicators and indicators to assess individualization.},
  author = {Coutinho, José Pereira},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10154},
  doi = {10.31447/AS00032573.2015216.06},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4757 v1.1.0},
  issn = {2182-2999},
  journal = {Análise Social},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 216,
  pages = {601-631},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Clusters of religiosity of Portuguese population },
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31447/AS00032573.2015216.06 },
  volume = 50,
  year = 2023
}

@article{zhang2024trusting,
  abstract = {This article argues that a society’s level of social trust influences employers’ hiring strategies. Employers can focus either on applicants’ potential and select on foundational skills (e.g., social skills, math skills) or on their readiness and select on more-advanced skills (e.g., pricing a derivative). The higher (lower) the social trust—people’s trust in their fellow members of society—the more (less) employers are willing to invest in employees and grant them role flexibility. Employers in higher-trust societies are therefore more attentive to applicants’ potential, focusing more on foundational skills than on advanced skills. We empirically test this theory by using a novel dataset of more than 50 million job postings from the 28 European Union countries. We find that the higher a country’s social trust, the more its employers require foundational skills instead of advanced skills. Our identification strategy takes advantage of multinational firms in our sample and uses measures of bilateral (country-to-country) trust to predict job requirements, while including an instrumental variable and fixed effects on country, year, employer, and occupation. These findings suggest a novel pathway by which social trust shapes employment practices and organizational strategies.},
  author = {Zhang, Letian and Wang, Shinan},
  doi = {10.1177/0001839224123325},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {1930-3815},
  journal = {Administrative Science Quarterly},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {417-457},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Trusting Talent: Cross-Country Differences in Hiring},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839224123325},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2024
}

@article{bohringer2024between,
  abstract = {With courts considered political actors, partisan gaps in perceptions of the judiciary have been widely examined by US political analysts. Contributing to recently expanding research on determinants of public support for courts beyond the US, this article explores how views of the judiciary are politicized in European democracies. Relying on the European Values Study (EVS), we find a gap in confidence in the judicial system between political winners and losers. Yet, this gap is smaller for judicial confidence than for confidence in government and parliament, underlining that courts are not perceived as just another site of partisan politics. Paying attention to variation within the groups of winners and losers, we demonstrate that for all three institutions we study, the gap in confidence is larger for supporters of populist parties than for those supporting mainstream parties. We conclude by showing that the confidence gap narrows as courts become more independent.},
  author = {Böhringer, Eileen and Boucher, Charlotte},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102714},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {0261-3794},
  journal = {Electoral Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Between impartiality and politicization: Confidence in the judiciary among political winners and losers},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102714},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2024
}

@article{flamencourt2024britains,
  abstract = {Britain is one of the world’s most financialised economies, driven by an ever-expanding financial sector increasingly broadening its offer of services aimed at citizens. Although seemingly unintentional, successive UK governments have had a crucial role in deregulating the financial sector. Along with the exponentially growing discourse of self-fulfilment and individual risk-taking in a broader context of the retreat of the welfare state, financial services are at the epicentre of the British economy’s driving forces, but what are the implications of this for citizens? Through a comparative quantitative empirical analysis methodology, this paper posits that financialisation has led the way to increased labour casualisation and lesser confidence in the current shareholder value maximisation-driven growth regime.},
  author = {Flamencourt, Louis},
  doi = {10.14324/111.444.2755-0877.1593},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {UCL Journal of Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Britain’s shift towards financial capitalism: how financialisation is altering individual economic behaviour, paving the way for a new regime of risk-taking-driven growth in the United Kingdom},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.2755-0877.1593},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2024
}

@article{ortikov2023preferences,
  abstract = {Although economic growth is always one of the priorities for a country, an ever-growing economy is unsustainable in the long run. Environment protection, public participation in decision-making, and, nowadays, even strong defense forces gain increasing importance for country sustainability. The paper studies trade-offs between national goals as impacted by the population values and attitudes in the post-soviet region. We study a representative dataset from eleven countries (N=20006, age 18+, M ± SD: 46,04 ± 17,07; 58% women, 46,8% upper education). Two indicators are utilized to determine the preferences for economic growth - the growth as the most important priority (the other three being military spending, public participation in social life, and aesthetics of city and countryside) and economic growth at the expense of environmental protection. Methodologically, we rely on correlations and confidence intervals for mean values (95%) analyses to study the associations and the country differences in preferences for economic growth. The results suggest that (1) post-Soviet countries are largely heterogeneous in their preference for economic growth as compared to other priorities, and geographically close countries may have opposing attitudes, and (2) the country-level correlations of the two indicators of preferences for economic growth produced opposite statistically significant correlations in different countries.},
  author = {Ortikov, A. and Čábelková, I. and Rotterova, S. and Zhytna, O. and Smutka, S.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.14254/2071789X.2023/16-1/15},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Economics and Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {214-243},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Preferences for economic growth in the post-Soviet countries. A multicounty study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14254/2071789X.2023/16-1/15},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{sani2022unpacking,
  abstract = {Several studies indicate that societies with higher engagement of women in the public sphere also display lower levels of corruption, suggesting that women play a key role in the fight toward corruption. However, less is known on how individual-level corruption varies between women and men across different institutional contexts, and whether and how certain individual norms affect this relationship. Using the most recent wave of the European Values Study (2017), this chapter applies multilevel models to test whether cultural, political, and institutional factors influence the link between gender and corruption. We argue that women do not naturally reject corruption, but that they are affected by persisting micro-level inequalities in terms of socio-economic background, gender roles, and political and social engagement. Furthermore, we investigate whether the gender gap in attitudes toward corruption is smaller in countries that are a) less corrupt; b) more gender-egalitarian and c) more economically equal.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Sani, Giulia M. Dotti and Guglielmi, Simona},
  booktitle = {Norms, Gender and Corruption},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.4337/9781802205831.00012},
  editor = {Kubbe, Ina and Merkle, Ortrun},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {78-98},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  series = {Political Science and Public Policy 2022},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Unpacking the Link between Gender and Corruption Using Survey Data: A Multilevel Analysis of 30 European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802205831.00012},
  year = 2022
}

@article{trninic2023drutvenopolitike,
  abstract = {Contemporary religious trends usually speak about individualisation and privatisation of religious feelings, most often expressed through a maxim of believing without belonging (Davie, 1990), whereas in Bosnia and Herzegovina the situation is different. In the last decade of the last century and the beginning of the twenty first century, we witness restoring to life and revival of religion, as well as a rise of collectivist religion and religiousness. High rate of religious and confessional self-identification, which we witnessed during censuses in 1991 and 2013, was not motivated only by religious, but primarily by social, historic, political, and cultural reasons, which followed the flow itself of social movements and changes. Religious belonging, which earlier, during the socialist socio-political system, was (held) deep down in private sphere of people’s lives, now becomes socially desired, whereas religious identification, (becomes) an essential identification determinant. Hence, it seems important to pose following questions – What kind of religion are we dealing with here? Is the high rate of religious and confessional self-identification in our society determined by proper spiritual/religious needs or simply by the desire to, through the religious belonging, preserve ethnic/national uniqueness and establish differentiations towards others? The answers to these questions are significant for at least two reasons: in theory, because they correspond with the shift in contemporary sociology of religion, which is directed towards the answer to the question of how, as opposed to the previous one – why we believe; whereas, on the other hand, perhaps even more importantly, if we properly view the relationships in Bosnia and Herzegovina we have socio-political reasons, where the given solutions can significantly assist in resolving the relationship between a church and state, i.e. a clear position of religion in public life and its role in modern socio-political movements and changes.},
  author = {Trninić, Duško},
  doi = {10.7251/SIN2302002T},
  journal = {Synesis: Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {23-41},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Društvenopolitičke implikacije etnokonfesionalizma–primjer Bosne i Hercegovine (Socio-political implications of ethnoconfessionalism - the example of Bosnia and Herzegovina)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7251/SIN2302002T},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{pirtskhalava2023identity,
  address = {Lanham},
  author = {Pirtskhalava, Ekaterine and Kvanchilashvili, Elene},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9781666918267},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {239-258},
  publisher = {Rowman & Littlefield},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Identity and Geopolitical Vector of Georgia},
  year = 2023
}

@article{alcanizcolomer2024educational,
  abstract = {Educational level is a fundamental variable that has been widely studied in the social sciences. Numerous studies have shown its relevance in explaining different attitudes and behaviors related to both personal and social well-being. However, except for a few exceptions, less attention has been paid to how this variable is measured and operationalized. In this article, we illustrate the effects that the operationalization of education can have on a series of variables relevant to satisfaction with society: attitudes towards immigration (Study 1), technocratic attitudes (Study 2), trust in the police (Studies 3a and 3b), and attitudes toward poverty reduction (Study 4). To do this, we use data from the EVS/WVS 2017-2022, European Social Survey Round 10, and a representative national sample from Spain. In this latter study, we include a novel variable in studies related to education: the subjective perception of educational level compared to the rest of society. Finally, we discuss our results and offer some suggestions and recommendations for those interested in studying the effects of educational level or using it as a control variable in their analyses.},
  author = {Alcañiz-Colomer, Joaquín and Moya, Miguel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.21071/pse.v16i2.17078},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1989-709X},
  journal = {Psychology, Society & Education},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {21-31},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/ WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Educational level and social attitudes: unraveling patterns and methodological considerations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21071/pse.v16i2.17078},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{gucciardo2022problematica,
  address = {Milan},
  author = {Gucciardo, Gaetano},
  booktitle = {Come ci si sente, come ci si pensa. Una indagine sul benessere globale e il benessere locale},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  editor = {Gucciardo, Gaetano},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {13-53},
  publisher = {FrancoAngeli},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {La problematica generale dello studio del benessere},
  url = {https://series.francoangeli.it/index.php/oa/catalog/book/941},
  year = 2022
}

@article{hacek2024distrust,
  abstract = {After the collapse of the non-democratic regimes in the late 1980s and early 1990s, new democratic states emerged in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and began their state building on the wave of democratic enthusiasm. Majority of those countries, including Slovenia, entered European Union in early 2000s as consolidated well-working democracies, although public trust in democratic political institutions has been on the slow decline since gaining independence, only to drop substantially more after global economic crisis and wave of populist politics hit CEE in the last decade. Author is analyzing trends in (dis)trust levels in key political institutions in Slovenia with emphasis on the wave of conspiracy theories, which extensively spread during and after global coronavirus pandemic. Crisis events such as recent global pandemic have triggered a wave of concerns about the actual backgrounds of global crises, and those concerns eroded public trust into key political and administrative institutions and added fuel to the conspiracy theories that were often embraced by political parties and non-governmental stakeholders that exploited sometimes-legitimate concerns to their own benefits.},
  author = {Haček, Miro},
  issn = {1338-1385},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Politics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {5-16},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {(Dis)trust into political Institutions and conspiracy theories: Case of Slovenia},
  url = {https://www.jofcp.org/},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2024
}

@article{vella2023secularisation,
  abstract = {Both party politics and the Catholic Church have impacted on the social reality of the Maltese Islands so that cultural life and “national pride”2 are largely dominated by religion and politics.},
  author = {Vella, Mary Grace},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11159},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5080 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Melita Theologica},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {68-81},
  study-id = {European and World Values Surveys Four-Wave Integrated Data File, 1981-2004},
  title = {Secularisation and Partisan Dealignment: Two Sides of the Same Coin?},
  url = {https://melitatheologica.com/index.php/MT/article/view/29},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kaftan2024party,
  abstract = {Elected leaders increasingly undermine liberal democratic institutions with the support of their voters, openly challenging liberal democratic institutions in election campaigns. However, political scientists thus far have lacked the theoretical and empirical tools to study the role of elections in democratic backsliding. This article theorizes the degree to which democracy in general and liberal democracy more specifically can and should be conceptualized as valence and positional issues in multiparty electoral competitions of established liberal democracies. By investigating how German citizens and parties of the postwar period spoke about democracy per se and liberal democracy in their regional and national election manifestos, this article shows that democracy per se and liberal democracy, in particular, have been issues of different qualities in German postwar elections. While parties have used references to democracy in general as a mixed issue, showing both signs of valence and positional issues, parties' emphasis on liberal democracy is shaped by a positional logic. Social and direct democracy have also been positional issues. Studying democracy and its various conceptions as electoral issues will help us address many important questions concerning the stability of democracies, shifting researchers' focus to the competition of parties over citizens' support for reforms that undermine or stabilize liberal democracy.},
  author = {Kaftan, Lea},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.14206},
  doi = {10.17645/pag.8502},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA2391 v15.0.0},
  issn = {2183-2463},
  journal = {Politics and Governance},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; Politbarometer 1977-2022},
  title = {Party Competition Over Democracy: Democracy as Electoral Issue in Germany},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8502},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2024
}

@article{abay2023managerial,
  abstract = {This paper investigates welfare properties of an economy where firms are managerial, i.e., composed of two complementary units, each run by its own manager. We show that welfare outcomes depend on the interplay between the set of private costs and benefits that are associated with the coordination of operating decisions inside the firm. We also derive a number of interesting results regarding the welfare effects of taxation, which depend on market conditions, tax levels, and structure of managerial incentives. In some cases, these welfare effects are due to »tax-induced« changes in the ownership structure of firms in the industry equilibrium.},
  author = {Abay, Tuna and Moriconi, Simone},
  doi = {10.1628/jite-2023-0030},
  issn = {16140559},
  journal = {Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE)},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {340-380},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Managerial Firms, Taxation, and Welfare},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1628/jite-2023-0030},
  volume = 179,
  year = 2023
}

@article{lonati2024ecology,
  abstract = {Cultural and evolutionary explanations are often seen as rivals in the social sciences. It is therefore not surprising that these perspectives have also communicated little in leadership research so far. Yet, these two fields have many overlooked complementarities, which can be appreciated when examining the role of ecological factors in shaping variations in cultural leadership prototypes (CLPs) – that is, societally shared ideal attributes and behaviors that followers expect from their leaders. In this paper, we integrate and review multidisciplinary research that clarifies these complementarities. First, we discuss how different CLPs might emerge as responses to the specific threats and opportunities provided by the ecology where human groups live. Second, we review research on the link between CLPs, related cultural patterns, and specific ecological factors, ranging from more physical (e.g., climate, diseases) to more social factors (e.g., population density, warfare). Third, we highlight how CLPs might not only be evoked by current ecological conditions but are also culturally transmitted, resulting in potential mismatches between CLPs and present ecologies. Our review shows that a deeper integration of cultural and evolutionary approaches to leadership is needed to understand why variations in CLPs can emerge, and why they persist or change over time.},
  author = {Lonati, Sirio and Vogt, Mark Van},
  doi = {10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101749},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  journal = {Leadership Quarterly},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Ecology, culture and leadership: Theoretical integration and review},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101749},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2024
}

@article{matsunaga2024rightwing,
  abstract = {Do individuals with right-wing populist ideologies have higher violence-justification attitudes than those supporting different political ideologies? While the literature has confirmed the association between political violence and populism, research on which components of populist ideologies relate to individual attitudes towards political violence is relatively scarce. Based on 18 European democracies, this research note examines whether right-wing populist individuals are more likely to justify political violence to pursue their political goals. The analyses reveal that right-wing populists are generally more likely to justify political violence compared to mainstream voters and non-voters. Additionally, left-wing populist voters also support political violence, although the effect size is comparatively smaller. This indicates that voters’ radicalisation depends on populist ideologies rather than left-right ideological distinctions. The effect among right-wing populists depends on city residence, gender and immigration status. Subsequent analyses suggest that right-wing populists’ attitudes towards violence are not conditional on nativism or anti-immigration perceptions. These findings contribute to the general understanding of the nature and consequences of populism.},
  author = {Matsunaga, Miku},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12668},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {374-388},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Are right-wing populists more likely to justify political violence?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12668},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{ochsner2023soziale,
  abstract = {In diesem Kapitel wird aus der Perspektive der politischen Soziologie der Frage nachgegangen, ob der Staat eine soziale Verantwortung trägt und inwieweit vom Staat globale Kompetenzen eingefordert werden können. In den westlichen Staaten wurden spätestens seit dem 16. Jahrhundert aufgrund des Wandels des Gesellschaftsmodells von der feudalen Herrschaft zur bürgerlichen, industrialisierten Gesellschaft schrittweise staatliche Instrumente implementiert, welche die Schwächeren der Gesellschaft gegen verschiedene soziale Risiken absicherten. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg führte der umfassende Ausbau dieser Instrumente zur Entwicklung von Wohlfahrtsstaaten. Der Staat hat somit nun eine umfassende, also „globale“ Kompetenz. Gleichzeitig muss sich der Staat aufgrund der sich immer weiter ausdifferenzierenden Gesellschaft der Wohlfahrtsstaat auch „globale Kompetenzen“ aneignen, denn er soll die verschiedenen Bevölkerungsgruppen integrieren. Schließlich stellt sich die Frage, diesmal „global“ als weltumspannend verstanden, ob diese soziale Verantwortlichkeit des Staates ein globales Phänomen ist. In den westlichen Ländern genießt der Wohlfahrtsstaat eine hohe Akzeptanz und die Bevölkerung erwartet, dass der Staat umfassend Risiken absichert. Während in westlichen Ländern die Sicherung sozialer Risiken die Legitimität des Staates fördert (es genießen also diejenigen westlichen Länder eine höhere Legitimität, die eine umfassende soziale Sicherung garantieren, als jene westlichen Länder, die das nicht tun), ist dies insbesondere in nicht-christlich geprägten Ländern nicht der Fall (ob nicht-christliche Länder eine soziale Sicherung bieten oder nicht, beeinflusst deren Legitimität nicht). Was in den Aufgabenbereich des Staates gehört und ob dem Staat eine globale Kompetenz zugemessen oder gar abverlangt wird, ist also kulturell und gesellschaftlich geprägt.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Ochsner, Michael},
  booktitle = {Handbuch Globale Kompetenz: Grundlagen – Herausforderungen – Krisen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-30684-7_62-1},
  editor = {Genkova, Petia},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-30684-7},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {1-22},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Soziale Verantwortung in der Politik – globale Kompetenz des Staates?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30684-7_62-1},
  year = 2023
}

@article{batut2023which,
  abstract = {"This study uses surveys from the past 60 years to study union membership in Denmark, France, West Germany, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We first revisit aggregate union densities finding that, for France and Italy, they were at times under- and overestimated, respectively. Second, we document the evolution of the composition of union membership in terms of gender, occupation, education, and sector. Different stylized facts emerge for different groups of countries. These facts do not lend support to the composition-based theory that attributes deunionization to deindustrialization, nor to the technological theory that predicts the exit of the high-skilled from unions." In diesem Beitrag werden die Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 1980 bis 2018 als Vergleichsdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 38. Fassung, Dezember 2023},
  author = {Batut, Cyprien and Lojkine, Ulysse and Santini, Paolo},
  availability = {22.12.2023},
  doi = {10.1111/irel.12342},
  journal = {Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {205-287},
  study = {ALLBUS1980-2018 ; ISSP ; EVS ; Politbarometer 1975-2019 ; Eurobarometer 1970-2004},
  title = {“Which side are you on?” A historical study of union membership composition in seven Western countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12342},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2024
}

@article{fernandezurbano2024locus,
  abstract = {Previous research has established the central role of an individuals’ locus of control (LoC) in influencing subjective well-being. However, earlier studies have predominantly omitted an exploration of potential moderating factors at the country-level and have rarely delved into the influence of LoC on an important yet often-overlooked dimension of well-being—namely, subjective well-being inequality. Addressing these gaps, this study examines the association between individuals’ LoC and subjective well-being, considering both the mean and inequality aspects. Additionally, it explores the moderating influence of country’s social values, particularly the individualism-collectivism dimension. Utilizing data from the Integrated Values Survey, comprising 170,000 observations across 37 countries from 1996 to 2022, our study confirms a strong positive relationship between LoC and subjective well-being while also unveiling a strong negative relationship with subjective well-being inequality. Moreover, it demonstrates that country’s social values exert significant moderation effects on the relationship between LoC and subjective well-being, affecting both the mean level and inequality aspects, albeit in opposing directions. By employing the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, our findings support the importance of structural effects. Understanding how increasing LoC shapes people’s wellbeing in a society holds implications for policymaking and contributes to ongoing discussions on collective choice and inequality.},
  author = {Fernandez-Urbano, Roger and Royuela, Vicente},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-024-00821-z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {1573-7780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 117,
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {How Locus of Control Predicts Subjective Well-Being and its Inequality: The Moderating Role of Social Values},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00821-z},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2024
}

@article{jung2024demography,
  abstract = {We analyse attitudes toward homosexuality in postcommunist- and Western Europe, focusing on two distinctive postcommunist demographic trends: dramatic and rapid declines in fertility, which may spark fears about the “future of the nation” (fertility threat) and persistently elevated mortality rates, which evoke feelings of insecurity and sustain “survival values” that are less tolerant of homosexuality (mortality threat). We probe this theorisation's plausibility using attitudinal data from 1989 through 2022, finding that mortality threat contributes to regional differences in tolerance but little evidence that fertility threat does. Our analysis refines theorising about communist legacies and demographic alarmism in populist rhetoric.},
  author = {Jung, Dong-Joon and Dwyer, Conor O’},
  doi = {10.1080/21599165.2024.2331504},
  issn = {2159-9165},
  journal = {East European Politics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {564-587},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The demography of intolerance: communist legacy, demographic threat, and attitudes toward homosexuality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2024.2331504},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{marody2024social,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Marody, Miroslawa},
  booktitle = {Rethinking the Social: Sociology of Crisis Experience in Central and Eastern Europe},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004708549},
  editor = {Gadowska, Kaja and Giza, Anna},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9789004708549},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {172-184},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Social Life in an Era of Growing Uncertainty},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004708549},
  year = 2024
}

@article{borowski2023economic,
  abstract = {This study seeks to identify the determinants of forced household savings in 16 European Union (EU) member states in 2020. We show that the higher the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in the state, measured by the intensity of government restrictions or the number of COVID-19-related deaths, the higher the level of forced savings. Such savings also increased with gross domestic product per capita and the financial support provided for households and enterprises by the government. Additionally, savings cultures and personality traits that support compliance with pandemic-related restrictions and enhance coping with the hardship of the pandemic had a positive impact on forced savings. Our results show that while common pandemic shock may lead to discrepancies in forced savings in affected countries, their level depends largely on government response in the form of imposed restrictions as well as financial support for households and enterprises. Therefore, strong fiscal support during the pandemic can be likened to sowing the seeds for post-pandemic recovery, as savings accumulated during the pandemic shock may be used to finance the pent-up demand. This, in turn, suggests that fiscal responses during the pandemic may act as a significant driver of post-pandemic business cycle (de)synchronization and inflation differentials among EU member states and, more importantly, euro-area countries.},
  author = {Borowski, Jakub and Jaworski, Krystian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s10663-022-09563-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {15736911},
  journal = {Empirica},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {237-253},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Economic and behavioral determinants of forced household savings during the COVID-19 pandemic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-022-09563-8},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2023
}

@article{moscatelli2021valori,
  abstract = {The purpose of this contribution is to study the importance of values and the intergenerational transmission from the point of view of the z generation. Through the Evs2018 data and a case study that involved 716 subjects between the ages of 20-25 years, we have analyzed the values considered most important by young people, those believed to be inherited from parents, the knowledge of their family history and intergenerational solidarity. An in-depth study was also carried out in relation to the values that became most important for young people during the Covid19 health emergency. The main results have highlighted some aspects of continuity and specificity between the different generations and confirmed the importance of the gender dimension in the intergenerational transmission processes.},
  author = {Moscatelli, Matteo and Ferrari, Chiara and Nanetti, Sara},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Culture e Studi del Sociale},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {335-353},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {I valori dei giovani e la trasmissione intergenerazionale: una ricerca esplorativa durante l’emergenza Covid-19},
  url = {http://www.cussoc.it/index.php/journal/issue/archive},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{halman2024differential,
  address = {Tillburg},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society: The European's Religion at the End of the 20th Century},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Riis, Ole},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665705},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {41-65},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1990},
  title = {Differential Patterns of Secularization in Europe: Exploring the Impact of Religion on Social Values},
  year = 2024
}

@article{shkurova2024peculiarities,
  abstract = {It is noted that one of the key tasks of modern sociology of religion is to comprehend the phenomenon of religiosity, which is undergoing noticeable transformations today. The results of an international study of values are presented, which allows for an intercountry comparison of the religiosity of the population. Using a multidimensional crossconfessional approach to the study of religiosity, the involvement of the population of Belarus and Turkey in the activities of religious institutions, as well as the religious beliefs of Belarusians and Turks, is analysed. The main ideological, behavioural, organisational and normative indicators of the religiosity of the population of these countries are determined.},
  author = {Shkurova, A.V. and Dokuzlu, E.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {78-86},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Особенности религиозности населения Беларуси и Турции (Peculiarities of Religiosity of The Belarusian and Turkish Population)},
  url = {https://journals.bsu.by/index.php/sociology/article/view/6377},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2024
}

@article{koroleva2023family,
  abstract = {The development of a person's values and mindset shift are processes that take place throughout a person's life, but views on basic values are instilled in the family from early childhood and their development continues during the socialization process at school and in society. The family plays a primary role in the transmission of values as important elements of an individual's character, the teaching of which largely determines the individual's life path. Just as family structures have changed over time and vary from culture to culture, so too have attitudes towards the family. The article examines the place of the family in the individual's value system and analyses the differences in the views on the family of different age groups (generations). The analysis uses quantitative data from the European Values Survey, Phase 5 in Latvia (2021, n=1335). The data show that despite the diversity of family models and the broadening of an understanding of the family, the traditional perception of the family prevails among the Latvian population and in the hierarchy of values, the family is still the most important value in the overall scale of values in the population. The factor that most significantly predicts differences in values and attitudes towards the family is the age of the individual (membership of different generations). Young people (under 29) aresignificantly more likely than others to see marriage as an outdated form of relationship but are more tolerant of the potential of homosexual couples to become good parents. With an increase in age, the proportion of those who hold traditional views increases proportionally: older generations are generally much more supportive of the institution of marriage, the role of children in marriage, the view that having children is a duty to society, etc.},
  author = {Koroļeva, Ilze and Pranka, Maruta and Elksne, Ginta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {1314-7250},
  journal = {Journal of International Scientific Publications: Language, Individual & Society },
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {109-123},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Family Values From The Perspective Of Different Generations In Latvian Society Today},
  url = {https://www.scientific-publications.net/en/article/1002557/},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2023
}

@article{carbone2024towards,
  abstract = {Sociologists usually conceptualize events as unexpected occurrences bringing about long-lasting transformations of social structures. Following this definition, most empirical studies of events focus on pre/post-measurement strategies. Yet not all events are unexpected (e.g., Eurovision, Oscar nominations, the Olympics). Moreover, pre/post-measurements cannot capture the temporality in which meaning-making processes unfold nor account for the overlap between various events. We address these shortcomings by introducing the concept of ‘recurrent events,’ defined as events occurring with regular and recurrent cadence, charging collective effervescence and anticipation among audiences. Drawing from resonance theory, we conceptualize constellations of cultural change happening around recurrent events. We provide an empirical proof-of-concept, focusing on the case of the Eurovision Song Contest. To do so, we build a unique dataset of Eurovision lyrics and public attitudes in 18 European countries between 1981 and 2021 to study the relationships between attitudes about sexual and gender identity and national identity and the corresponding narratives presented at Eurovision. Our findings complicate common assumptions about the duality of events, by highlighting six different configurations of cultural change. We demonstrate how the concept of recurrent events contributes to the literature on events, consider the theoretical and methodological implications, and provide recommendations for future research.},
  author = {Carbone, Luca and Mijs, Jonathan and van Dooremalen, Thijs and Daenekindt, Stijn},
  doi = {10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101889},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 ; ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {0304422X},
  journal = {Poetics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2020},
  title = {Towards a sociology of recurrent events. Constellations of cultural change around Eurovision in 18 countries (1981–2021)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101889},
  volume = 104,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{besic2024religious,
  abstract = {This explorative and empirical study, emphasizing its empirical nature, examines the relationship between religious beliefs and value orientations in Europe, focusing on pronounced differences between atheists and devout believers. Utilizing data from the European Value Survey integrated with Manifesto project data, our analysis encompasses Western and Eastern European countries. Employing logistic regression and an extensive set of predictors, including a diverse range of values, we identify a significant religious cleavage based on value orientations. The analysis extends to categorizing countries by religious denominations - Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, and Muslim-majority - revealing distinct patterns in the religious cleavage. Based on our extensive sample of 27 European countries, we assert a significant value cleavage between atheists and strongly religious people. Atheists are much more permissive, advocate for gender equality, lean politically left, and believe significantly more in their control over their lives. On the other hand, religious people, as opposed to atheists, are more trusting toward political institutions, solidary, work oriented, and report higher life satisfaction in general. In summary, this study contributes to the sociological understanding of the religious cleavage, portraying it as a multifaceted phenomenon with implications for societal attitudes and political landscapes. The findings underscore the complexity of the religious cleavage, emphasizing its role in shaping individual convictions within the European context.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Bešić, Miloš},
  booktitle = {When Politics Meets Religion: Navigating Old Challenges and New Perspectives},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003422976-5},
  editor = {Veković, Marko and Jevtić, Miroljub},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {60-80},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religious Cleavage and Value Orientations in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003422976-5},
  year = 2024
}

@article{kompes2023konfluencija,
  abstract = {The paper examines the stability of the female roles of mother and working mother as they are exemplified in different socio demographic familial groups (in regard to marital status and number of children) during the transition and post–transition period in Croatia. Based on the social doctrine of the Church, the theoretical starting point of role relationships are confluence and conflict, which are treated here with respect to the “theory of conflict” and the “theory of enrichment”. Two models of women’s roles are developed: the traditional (mother) and dual (working mother) roles. The empirical aspect of this research is based on the last three waves of the European Values Study (1999; 2008; 2018), and it studies the attitudes of the female respondents. The traditional model is examined through an item on attitudes toward the primacy of home and family over a woman’s job, while the dual model is examined on the basis of an item on the negative consequences of the mother’s job upon the child. The economic aspect is examined through an item on work and free time. A simple analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test differences in attitude change in regard to three items, considering the year of measurement and socio–demographic familial factors. The results demonstrate the stability of the traditional model, but also the role conflict for working mothers (dual model), which is linked to economic conditions. The paper puts forth elements which are important for the prevention of role conflict in order to preserve the woman’s subjectivity, selfhood and her motherhood.},
  author = {Kompes, Marijana and Ivanković, Ivna},
  doi = {10.31337/oz.78.4.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {03513947},
  journal = {Obnovljeni Život: časopis za filozofiju i religijske znanosti},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {4.},
  pages = {441-454},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Konfluencija ili konflikt ženskih uloga u kontekstu tranzicije i posttranzicije?: Teorijsko–empirijsko istraživanje stavova Hrvatica (Confluence or Conflict in Women’s Roles during Croatia’s Transition and Post–Transition Period: Theoretical–Empirical Research on the Attitudes of Croatian Women)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31337/oz.78.4.2},
  volume = 78,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kruithof2024uturn,
  abstract = {This study examines the evolution in the association between social origins and tertiary educational attainment in Belgium, from post-World War II to the millennium’s onset. For this, we rely on a multidimensional measurement of social origins that accounts for interaction mechanisms between parental class and educational resources. We analyse 13,803 individuals over four birth cohorts. In contrast to previous studies, we find a decline in social inequalities for cohorts born before 1975, followed by a resurgence among those born afterwards. This U-turn in social inequalities of tertiary educational attainment is only observable when social origins are measured multidimensionally. Additionally, we investigate the interaction effects between parental resources, revealing divergent evolutions in accumulation and compensation mechanisms. Our findings underscore the renewed importance of combining parental education with parental social class for generations born after 1975.},
  author = {Kruithof, Elias H. and Verhaeghe, Pieter-Paul},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100994},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {0276-5624},
  journal = {Research in Social Stratification and Mobility},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The U-turn in educational inequality. Why a multidimensional approach matters for measuring social inequalities in tertiary educational attainment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100994},
  volume = 94,
  year = 2024
}

@article{cash2023widening,
  abstract = {This article argues that although the study of nationalism and nation-building in the post-Soviet Republic of Moldova has included many ground-up perspectives on ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and memory-related aspects of national identity, the themes of religion and gender continue to be neglected. Over the past decade, attention to religion has been increasing—not least because of concern that the growing presence of Orthodoxy in the public sphere might endanger the state’s commitments to civic and human rights—yet what is still lacking is a considered discussion of religion and nationalism. The author considers how the 2017 Soros-published report on Church and State in the Republic of Moldova may spur us to better conceptualize the dynamics of religion and gender with respect to nationalism from the ground up.},
  author = {Cash, Jennifer},
  doi = {10.1515/soeu-2023-0023},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {27018199},
  journal = {Comparative Southeast European Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {546-564},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Widening “Ground-Up” Nationalism: Some Reflections on Religion and Gender in the Republic of Moldova},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2023-0023},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2023
}

@article{tonkovic2023mladi,
  abstract = {Članak predstavlja rezultate anketnog istraživanja provedenog na uzorku mladih volontera iz cijele Hrvatske (N = 314). Istraživanje je bilo namijenjeno mladima u dobi od 15 do 34 godine koji su u prethodna 24 mjeseca sudjelovali u najmanje jednoj volonterskoj aktivnosti. Svrha je ovog rada ispitati povezanost između volonterske motivacije, vrijednosnih orijentacija i političke participacije mladih. U istraživanju je primijenjena skala volonterske motivacije koja se temelji na funkcionalističkom pristupu volontiranju. Kako bi se ispitala struktura volonterske motivacije, korištena je faktorska analiza kojom su utvrđene četiri latentne dimenzije: razumijevanje i pomaganje, samozaštita i osobni razvoj, karijera te društveni odnosi. Vrijednosti se razmatraju suprotstavljanjem tradicionalnih i modernih orijentacija definiranih kroz postmaterijalizam, europske vrijednosti, solidarnost i religioznost. U radu je korištena regresijska analiza, u kojoj su indeksi volonterske motivacije predstavljali kriterijske varijable, dok su kao prediktorske varijable korišteni sociodemografski indikatori, vrijednosne orijentacije i indeks političke participacije. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, europske vrijednosti i solidarnost s ranjivim društvenim skupinama značajan su prediktor motiva razumijevanja i pomaganja, dok se politička participacija nije pokazala značajnom. S druge strane, društvene odnose kao motiv za volontiranje bolje objašnjava blok sociodemografskih prediktora, dok se iz skupa vrijednosnih orijentacija izdvaja pohađanje vjerskih obreda kao jedini značajan prediktor.},
  author = {Tonković, Željka and Marcelić, Sven and Krolo, Krešimir},
  doi = {10.5673/sip.61.2.6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Sociologija i prostor: časopis za istraživanje prostornoga i sociokulturnog razvoja},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {375-396},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Tko su mladi volonteri? Uloga vrijednosti i političke participacije u objašnjenju volonterske motivacije},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5673/sip.61.2.6},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{kwak2024measuring,
  abstract = {Summary statistics derived from national surveys are commonly used for macro indicators in cross-national comparative analyses, but the aggregate measures do not often consider variation in survey questionnaires and quality of survey data qualities. This study presents a novel approach for survey data aggregation into country-level indicators by accounting for differences in national surveys identified in the Survey Data Recycling (SDR) framework. We use the SDR database version 2.0 on trust in three public institutions—parliament, the legal system, and political parties—in 1,702 national surveys from 19 international survey projects in 155 countries for the period between 1981 and 2017. This study applies linear regression models to obtain the best estimates of the mean value of trust in public institutions, controlling for the lagged effects of trust, methodological differences in survey-specific questionnaires, and variation in the quality of the source surveys reflected in their documentation, processing errors, and errors or inaccuracies in computer data files. This approach for survey data aggregation contributes to survey methodology for indexing crossnational time-series measures of political attitudes and behaviors using individual-level survey data.},
  author = {Kwak, Joonghyun and Slomczynski, Kazimierz M.},
  booktitle = {WAPOR 77th and WAPOR Asia Pacific 7th Joint Annual Conference, July 28-31, 2024 Seoul, South Korea},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = 29,
  study = {EVS ; ISSP ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Measuring Public Opinion Toward Trust in Political Institutions: Constructing Cross-National Time-Series Index from a Survey Data Recycling Framework},
  url = {https://wapor.org/wp-content/uploads/Kwak-and-Slomczynski-Measuring-Public-Opinion-Toward-Trust-in-Political-Institutions.pdf},
  year = 2024
}

@article{pickel2024empirical,
  abstract = {Legitimacy is a central resource for all political systems. This include democracies as autocracies. For democracies, you need the acceptance of the normative concept of democracy by the citizens. Simply put, this norm requires an empirical legitimacy. The empirical legitimacy focus on different understandings of democracy. Mostly the aspect of individual freedom is dominant. Empirical analyses show this idea do not only work for Europe. The article first shows what empirical legitimacy means conceptually and then analyzes this existence of legitimacy in a comparative perspective. It is the erosion of legitimacy that can lead a political regime to collapse. Current survey data from political culture research show not only differences in the legitimacy of democratic and autocratic regimes, but also an increase in the importance of different understandings of democracy. Some of these are no longer democratic.},
  author = {Pickel, Gert and Pickel, Susanne},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2023.1176508},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {2673-3145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Empirical legitimacy as core of comparative democracy research},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1176508},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2024
}

@inproceedings{lazanyi2024brother,
  abstract = {Mass surveillance, deeply rooted in ancient civilizations, has evolved significantly with modern technology, raising profound ethical and practical questions. Modern surveillance methods demonstrate significant advancements in crime prevention but also provoke concerns about privacy and civil liberties. Current article explores the public perception of Hungarians regarding mass surveillance based on the European Values Study and World Values Survey's Hungarian data calling attention to the delicate balance between security and privacy, emphasizing the need for proportional, transparent, and accountable surveillance practices. The analysis of 1514 respondents' data reveals varied attitudes, with greater acceptance of video surveillance in public areas compared to monitoring private communications. Demographic factors such as age, income, and education significantly influence these attitudes, with older individuals and those from smaller settlements being more supportive of mass surveillance, while higher income and education levels correlate with less acceptance towards the government monitoring individual activities.},
  author = {Lazányi, Komélia},
  booktitle = {2024 IEEE 22nd Jubilee International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY)},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1109/SISY62279.2024.10737517},
  eventdate = {19.09.-21.09.2024},
  eventtitle = {22nd Jubilee International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY)},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {979-8-3503-8560-1},
  issn = {1949-0488},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {429-434},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Big Brother Watches You - Attitudes Towards Mass Surveillance in Hungary},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/SISY62279.2024.10737517},
  venue = {Pula},
  year = 2024
}

@article{moya2023different,
  abstract = {Studies on socioeconomic status (SES) have recently increased in social psychology. The most used indicators to measure objective SES are income and educational level (usually standardizing and summing the scores of these variables). However, income and education possibly have different, even opposite effects on certain variables. Across seven studies, using data from previous research and from international databases, we show that this is true both for prosocial behaviour and for variables related to prosocial behaviour. A higher educational level tends to positively predict prosocial behaviour (Studies 1a–1d) and structural attributions of poverty (Studies 2 and 3), and negatively predict scores for meritocratic beliefs (Study 3) and just world beliefs (Study 4). In most cases, income showed a reverse trend or did not predict the outcome. We discuss the broader implications both for the study of prosocial behaviour and social class.},
  author = {Moya, Miguel and Alcañiz-Colomer, Joaquín},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789 ; 10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1080/02134748.2023.2229171},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0 ; ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {02134748},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {508-540},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {The different effects of income and educational level on prosocial behaviour and related ideological variables (Los diversos efectos del nivel de ingresos y nivel educativo en la conducta prosocial y otras variables ideológicas relacionadas)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2023.2229171},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2023
}

@article{vorotnikov2024identity,
  abstract = {The relevance of addressing the topic of national identity is determined by the high dynamism of changes in the societal space of the modern world, which complicates and at the same time requires constant study of the peculiarities of self-identification of certain social communities. From this point of view, the identity conflict in modern Greece provides extensive material that, despite the breadth and depth of the available research literature, has not yet been thoroughly analysed. The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamics of change in the religious component of Greek identity influenced by the processes of European integration and to explore how so-called European values are adapted to at the national level. To this end, the following objectives are achieved: firstly, the main value-based and religious attitudes of the Greek society in the process of national identity formation are identified; secondly, the available data on the current religious situation in the country are systematized; finally, the cases of identity conflict in modern Greece are analysed. The research materials include legal documents, data from official websites, as well as media materials. The research methodology relies upon axiological and hermeneutical approaches; the method of narrative analysis and discourse analysis are also used. The results of the study show that Helleno-Christian formula is an attempt to bring together Greek identity with its antique background and the Church claims to have a significant role in the process. The historic overview as well as modern statistics and data indicate patterns in the identification of the people of Greece, including cases of identity conflicts. The research substantiates the conclusion about the significant impact of the erosion of the religious component on the process of transformation of Greek identity. European legislation, as well as the ‘European values’ promoted by Brussels, have led to the deterioration of the key formula of the ‘Helleno-Christian synthesis’, which defined the design of Greek identity during the time of gaining independence and has retained its influence until recently. While, on the one hand, there is an expansion of rights and freedoms, including religious freedoms, on the other hand, a model of society imposed from above and often not supported from below, which was not typical for Greece before its accession to the EU, is being established. The identity conflict associated with this process polarises society and leads not only political parties but also religious institutions to revise their value-based and ideological platforms.},
  author = {Vorotnikov, Vladislav V. and Nesterov, Denis S.},
  doi = {10.24833/2541-8831-2024-3-31-63-78},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  journal = {Concept: Philosophy, Religion, Culture},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {63-78},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Конфликт идентичности в современной Греции: пересмотр концепции эллинохристианского синтеза? (Identity Conflict in Modern Greece: Revisiting the Concept of Helleno-Christian Synthesis?)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2024-3-31-63-78},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2024
}

@article{yastrebov2024reconstructing,
  abstract = {In this article, we reconstruct prospective intergenerational educational mobility and explore fertility's role in this process for women born between 1925 and 1950 in 12 European countries. We do so by combining high-quality retrospective data (Generations and Gender Survey) and low-requirement prospective datasets using an inferential method developed and advanced in prior research. Our analysis shows that the negative educational fertility gradient partly compensates for the inequality in prospective mobility rates between lower and higher educated women and is most pronounced in high-inequality contexts. However, fertility's role is small and declining and thus does not account for much of the differences in mobility rates between countries. We also explore the relative importance of sibship size effects in mediating the effect of fertility gradient, finding it negligible. Finally, we explore the correspondence between prospective and retrospective estimates in the reconstruction of prospective mobility rates and suggest why the former, when available, must be preferred.},
  author = {Yastrebov, Gordey and Wittemann, Vanessa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1215/00703370-11463595},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00703370},
  journal = {Demography},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1117-1142},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Reconstructing Prospective Intergenerational Educational Mobility in 12 Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11463595},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2024
}

@article{lundquist2024economyenvironment,
  abstract = {This paper explores the relationship between individual environmental priorities and national economic conditions, addressing the commonly held belief that individuals prioritize economic concerns over environmental concerns during economic downturns. Introducing the novel concept of attitudinal decoupling, this study empirically analyzes the relationship between environmental priorities and economic conditions using a comprehensive dataset from five waves of the World Values Survey (1994?2022) encompassing 52 countries of varying economic statuses. The findings generally support the existence of a tradeoff that suggests that environmental priorities waver when economic conditions decline. However, the results also highlight significant variations across different countries and periods, with some instances showing increased environmental concern during economic decline. Additionally, the study found that political orientation significantly influences this relationship, particularly in high-income countries. These insights show that the interplay between economic and environmental priorities is complex and nuanced.},
  author = {Lundquist, Sanna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13561},
  doi = {10.1080/09644016.2024.2386797},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7502 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0964-4016},
  journal = {Environmental Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {647-669},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The economy-environment tradeoff: are individual environmental priorities decoupled from national economic conditions?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2024.2386797},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2025
}

@article{marolla2024tension,
  abstract = {This study provides a first empirical test of Margaret Canovan's influential argument on the relationship between democracy and populism, which posits that populism emerges as a consequence of the unresolved conflict between the pragmatic and redemptive faces of democracy. Despite its impact on scholars of populism, the implications of her framework remain untested. Using data from the EVS/WVS Integrated Values Surveys, we test Canovan's claims about the effect of ‘pragmatic politics’ on support for populist parties, operationalized as consensual democracies, economic and political globalization, and checks on government. Our analyses predominantly reveal no significant effects, and where significant results are observed, they indicate directions contrary to Canovan's claims, thus providing no empirical support for her claims. These results challenge long-standing assumptions about the relationship between populism and democracy, urging scholars to reevaluate existing assumptions and explore this intricate connection further. We conclude by suggesting some directions for future research to deepen our understanding of populism.},
  author = {Marolla, Francesco and Achterberg, Peter and Luijkx, Ruud and Quaranta, Mario},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1017/ipo.2024.9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0048-8402},
  journal = {Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {240-247},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The tension between democracy and populism: an empirical test of Canovan's claims of the two faces of democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2024.9},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{nevitte2023north,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Nevitte, Neil and Ingelhart, Ronald},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004665675_007},
  editor = {Moor, Ruud de},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665675},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {107-135},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1990},
  title = {North American Value Change and Integration: Lessons from Western Europe?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004665675_007},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2023
}

@article{tchintian2023violencia,
  abstract = {Women in politics have made important progress in descriptive representation. Nevertheless, there are still multiple obstacles that limit women’s involvement in decision-making positions. In a context increasingly mediated by technology, gender violence in digital environments opens up new challenges towards an equitable democracy. These types of attacks decenter women from the political debate and reinforce gender stereotypes. Futhermore, they restrict their participation in social media to avoid violence. In time, these attacks limit the relationship of these women with their constituents and hinder their freedom of speech. In collaboration with the National Directorate for Equality of the National Chamber of Deputies and the National Democratic Institute we, as Cippec, designed a survey to collect the perceptions on this phenomenon among national, provincial, and local representatives. The results suggest a general agreement on the relevance of the problem and on its impact on women’s careers. However, we find that the levels of agreement decline when asking how to approach messages that include attacks and other violent forms against women. Finally, we identify different perceptions for the different levels of government.},
  author = {Tchintian, Carolina and Bertazzo, Manuel and Castex, Álvaro Fernández},
  doi = {10.53557/Elecciones.2023.v22n26.02},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {1995-6290},
  journal = {Revista Elecciones},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 26,
  pages = {53-90},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Violencia política de género digital. Evidencia a partir de una consulta a representantes en Argentina (Online gender based political violence. Evidence from an inquiry to representatives in Argentina)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.53557/Elecciones.2023.v22n26.02 },
  volume = 22,
  year = 2023
}

@article{bor2023covid19,
  abstract = {While the World was busy mitigating the disastrous health and economic effects of the novel coronavirus, a less direct, but not less concerning peril has largely remained unexplored: the COVID-19 crisis may have disrupted some of the most fundamental social and political relationships in democratic societies. We interviewed samples resembling the national population of Denmark, Hungary, Italy and the US three times: in April, June and December of 2020 (14K observations). We show that multiple (but not all) measures of support for the political system decreased between April and December. Exploiting the panel setup, we demonstrate that within-respondent increases in indicators of pandemic fatigue (specifically, the perceived subjective burden of the pandemic and feelings of anomie) correspond to decreases in system support and increases in extreme anti-systemic attitudes. At the same time, we find no systematic trends in feelings of social solidarity, which are largely unaffected by changes in pandemic burden.},
  author = {Bor, Alexander and Jørgensen, Frederik and Petersen, Michael Bang},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0288644},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The COVID-19 pandemic eroded system support but not social solidarity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288644},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{schnaudt2023electoral,
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Schnaudt, Christian and Wolf, Christof},
  booktitle = {Informationsflüsse, Wahlen und Demokratie: Festschrift für Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748915553-485},
  editor = {Faas, Thorsten and Huber, Sascha and Krewel, Mona and Roßteutscher, Sigrid},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {485-512},
  publisher = {Nomos },
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Electoral integrity and voting: The interplay of individual perceptions and contextual conditions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748915553-485},
  year = 2023
}

@article{jenkins2024getting,
  abstract = {I focus on one of the most commonly cited ‘facts’ about UK income inequality—that it has changed little over the last 30 years—and reflect on how robust that description is. I look at a number of fundamental issues in inequality measurement related to inequality concepts (e.g. inequality aversion, relative versus absolute inequality, and inequality of opportunity versus outcome), definitions of ‘income’, the income-receiving unit, and the reference period, and related data issues. There are grounds for arguing that income inequality levels are higher, and the inequality increase over time greater, than conventional approaches indicate.},
  author = {Jenkins, Stephen P.},
  doi = {10.1093/ooec/odad037},
  issn = {2752-5074},
  journal = {Oxford Open Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {S1},
  pages = {156-166},
  title = {Getting the measure of inequality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ooec/odad037},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2024
}

@article{fuchsova2024beyond,
  abstract = {This study explores the role of merit within the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), with a particular focus on support mechanisms for individuals deemed undeserving of assistance by society. The primary objective is to examine the decision-making processes within corporate entities and non-profit organizations. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research reveals the cognitive processes of the participants involved. The study examines the legitimacy of target group selection, the importance of community engagement in local contexts, and strategies for communication support. The findings identify four distinct mechanisms through which companies provide support: via external foundations, the company's own foundation, employee volunteer associations, and consortia between companies and non-profit organizations. The study's findings indicate that these methods frequently intersect, collectively forming a comprehensive support system involving multiple stakeholders. However, the effectiveness of this system is contingent upon the presence of mutual consensus among its constituents.},
  author = {Fuchsová, Eva and Laštovková, Jitka and Jánská, Michaela},
  doi = {10.62374/ckd7t392},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {New Perspectives on Political Economy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {17-42},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Beyond Merit: How Companies Navigate CSR to Aid the 'Undeserving Poor'"},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.62374/ckd7t392},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2024
}

@article{ochsner2024activated,
  abstract = {We show that history stored in collective memories and activated by political campaigns can create xenophobia and radicalization. Turkish troops besieged Vienna in 1529 and 1683 and pillaged individual Austrian villages, killing and kidnapping in the process. Attacked places remember those events well but never expressed aversion to Muslims until far-right populists started to campaign against Turks and Muslims in the mid-2000s. We find anti-Muslim sentiments and far-right voting surge in previously attacked places after the populist campaigns were launched, and Turkish communities decrease in response. Historical narratives in political campaigns can mobilize both beliefs and actions.},
  author = {Ochsner, Christian and Roesel, Felix},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.5174},
  doi = {10.1257/app.20190686},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5174 v1.0.0},
  issn = {19457782},
  journal = {American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {76-112},
  study-id = {EVS 1981-2008},
  title = {Activated history: The case of the Turkish Sieges of Vienna},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20190686},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2024
}

@article{moniz2022secularizao,
  abstract = {This paper analyses the secularization process in Portugal and in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area in the light of the evolution of cultural diversity in the country and in the region. The aim is to examine the religious decomposition and recomposition in Portuguese society between the early 1980s and the end of 2010. Against the theoretical backdrop of secularization, this research allows interpreting, through a qualitative and quantitative, hypothetical-deductive analysis, the transformations of religion in Western societies. We conclude that the increase in levels of cultural diversity weakens unquestionable truths and fragments traditional religious cultures, leading, as in the case of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, to the growth of people without religion. },
  author = {Moniz, Jorge Botelho},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10152},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4754 v1.1.0},
  issn = {19844352},
  journal = {PRACS: Revista Eletrônica de Humanidades do Curso de Ciências Sociais da UNIFAP},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Secularização e diversidade cultural em Portugal e na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (Secularisation and Cultural Diversity in Portugal and in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area)},
  url = {https://periodicos.unifap.br/index.php/pracs/article/viewFile/7052/pdf},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2022
}

@article{hoffstadt2024involvement,
  abstract = {Complex system models of attitudes, such as the Hierarchical Ising Opinion Model (HIOM), suggest that a person's involvement in an attitude object could be linked to attitude extremity and polarization. Despite its potential to integrate various theories of attitude change and despite the implications it could hold for attitude research, this assumption has not yet been studied systematically. We investigate the role of involvement in five large-scale, representative surveys on general political orientation and attitudes towards the EU and COVID-19 vaccines, conducted in 79 different countries over the last 8 years. We propose criteria to classify the degree of ideological divergence and introduce a modality detection measure suited for ordinal data and large sample sizes. We find that involvement is linked to attitude extremity and that predictions of HIOM are validated in a topic-specific dataset on COVID-19 vaccines. Results on political orientation and general attitudes towards the EU show either no effect of involvement or patterns that contradict HIOM's predictions. We discuss implications for the measurement of involvement, complex system models of attitudes and polarization research.},
  author = {Hoffstadt, Madlen and Smal, Iris and Maas, Han van der and Garcia-Bernardo, Javier},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14101 ; 10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3132},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7886 v2.0.0 ; ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {00462772},
  journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {193-212},
  study-id = {EB97.1 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Involvement as a Polarizing Factor? - A Comprehensive Multi-Method Analysis across Representative Datasets},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3132},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{brechon2023xnophobie,
  abstract = {En analysant les données de la European Values Study, le chapitre montre que la xénophobie est en baisse entre 1990 et aujourd'hui, partout sauf à l'est de l'Europe. Elle est très dépendante de l'aire géographique et du niveau de diplôme des individus, mais aussi de leur système de valeurs: elle est plus développée chez les personnes nationalistes et centrées sur des valeurs traditionnelles.},
  address = {Grenoble},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  booktitle = {Les Européens et leurs valeurs. Entre individualisme et individualisation},
  editor = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro french incollection},
  language = {french},
  pages = {69-79},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de Grenoble},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Xénophobie: plutôt en baisse, mais très clivée},
  url = {https://www.pug.fr/produit/2045/9782706151620/les-europeens-et-leurs-valeurs},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{polak2023religion,
  abstract = {The European Values Study demonstrates a significant impact of religiosity on political attitudes. As an example, the authors investigate the effect of religiosity on attitudes towards immigrants and Muslims, as they are crucial for liberal democracy and a focal point of conflicts about values, politics, and religion. In three steps, the authors reflect on the complexity of this effect. First, selected theories about secularisation, individualisation, and pluralisation of religion are used to outline the development of religion in Europe and its role in the political arena. Second, the effect of religiosity in relation to sociodemographic factors is analysed. A cluster analysis forming socioreligious types offers a deeper insight, quantitatively and qualitatively, of the effect of religiosity on attitudes towards immigrants and Muslims in selected countries. Third, the results are theoretically interpreted. The authors demonstrate that religiosity is neither an independent influencing factor nor one that directly affects attitudes towards immigrants and Muslims. Rather, across Europe, the effect of religiosity is inseparably connected with sociodemographic variables such as ‘age’ and ‘size of town’ and depends on country-specific factors such as political discourses on migration, and religious historical constellations.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Polak, Regina and Schuster, Dirk},
  booktitle = {Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study: In-depth Analysis – Interdisciplinary Perspectives – Future Prospects},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_6},
  editor = {Polak, Regina and Rohs, Patrick},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783031313646},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {englisch},
  pages = {205-248},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religion, Values and Politics: The Effect of Religiosity on Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Muslims},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_6},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{moor2023religion,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Moor, Ruud de},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004665675_004},
  editor = {Moor, Ruud de},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665675},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {31–49},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1990},
  title = {Religion and Moral Values: The Case of Euthanasia},
  url = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c4d8421b5ee87c922a442614cc969b7e/gesis_survey24},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2023
}

@article{cohen2024instability,
  abstract = {Polls for the past several decades indicate high regard for Jews in democracies in Western Europe and North American. We however have a limited understanding of the properties underlying those poll responses, for instance whether response bias or nonattitudes account for those results. The nonattitudes perspective suggests that respondents’ survey answers to questions about Jews are not true attitudes. Nonattitudes are weakly held responses to survey questions, and tend to be unstable over time, reflecting random as opposed to systematic change. This paper uses panel data from Voter Study Group surveys to test for individual-level stability in attitudes toward Jews by non-Jews in the United States in the 2010s to assess whether such attitudes are true or nonattitudes. Results suggest considerable instability especially when compared to attitudes toward Muslims, Democrats, and Republicans, suggesting a high degree of nonattitudes in non-Jews attitudes toward Jews. The conclusion offers reasons that might account for this instability in attitudes toward Jews and implications for the continuation of positive regard for Jews in western democracies.},
  author = {Cohen, Jeffrey E.},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755048324000294},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {17550483},
  journal = {Politics and Religion},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {572-604},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {(In)stability in American public attitudes toward Jews: a panel analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048324000294},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2024
}

@article{moreschi2024czech,
  abstract = {In recent years, the left of the political spectrum in the Czech and Slovak party systems has undergone significant changes. The main anti-establishment party in Czechia, ANO, has shifted its economic programme to incorporate more inter- ventionist policies, while the main social-democratic party in Slovakia, Smer-SD, has progressively adopted more conservative social positions. These trends have coincided with a decline in voter support for the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) and Smer-SD in Slovakia, seemingly supporting the dealignment theory generally used to explain the decline of centre-left parties in Western Europe.Building on these premises, this article explores the first two layers of Mair’s conceptualisation of a political cleavage (social groups and their defining values) to assess the potential gains or losses that social democratic parties in the two countries might experience if they rebranded to emphasise left-liberal stances. This strategy has been observed to have benefited other social dem- ocratic parties in Western and Central Europe. By clustering value survey respondents along left-wing and progressive social values and by analysing these clusters’ members using logistic regression, the study suggests that while shifting to the left may attract new socio-demographic groups, adopting liberal left values might, for both parties, be electorally harmful in the short term.},
  author = {Moreschi, Nevio},
  doi = {10.5817/PC2024 -3-242},
  issn = {12113247},
  journal = {Politologický časopis-Czech Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {242-275},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {What Can Czech and Slovak Social Democratic Parties Expect From Progressive Rebranding? A Demand-Side Perspective Through the Clustering of WVS/EVS Respondents},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5817/PC2024 -3-242},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2024
}

@article{tatuzov2022current,
  abstract = {The article examines certain pressing problems of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and considers many international trends including such as a long-term trend towards a decreasing role of FDI movement and a relative decrease in the role of global value chains (GVCs). The author provides a non-customary approach to the study. The author argues that many negative trends are interconnected, in particular with high global instability together with other well-known factors. The article pays particular attention to the experience of certain countries (Japan, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea) in the field of FDI import and import substitution. Drawing on the experience of these countries, the author suggests certain economic recommendations to Russia’s regulators. The review attempts to rethink the role of FDI, GVC, import substitution and other phenomena and to provide a new analysis of them in today’s conditions and circumstances. The article touches upon a long period of high volatility and economic crises in Russia’s and foreign economy (for over 10 years). Taking into account many years of the author’s experience in the Russian business and in the Russian banking sphere, the author comes to the conclusion that rethinking certain principles of national economic policy is required. This article deals with estimates of key indicators published by international bodies, such as World Bank and UNCTAD.},
  author = {Tatuzov, Y. Yu.},
  doi = {10.38050/01300105202241},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ;},
  journal = {Moscow University Economic Bulletin},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {3-16},
  study = {ISSP},
  study-id = {EVS1981},
  title = {АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРЯМЫХ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ (ОПЫТ РЯДА СТРАН) Current tendencies and pressing problems of fdi (experience of some countries)},
  url = {https://doi. org/10.38050/01300105202241},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2022
}

@article{mccarthy2024understanding,
  abstract = {Studies of public confidence in the police have enabled important insights into the factors responsible for achieving public support. Empirically tested in overwhelmingly democratic nations, there remain questions about the generalizability of this work to different types of political regimes, especially authoritarian nations. Using Wave 7 of the World Values Survey (n = 38,838) we assess whether predictors of police confidence operate in similar or different ways within the most democratic and authoritarian nations. Both regimes share similar underpinnings of confidence (corruption, religious identity, neighborhood trust, and government performance). Yet, key differences exist (i.e., country-level differences measuring insecurity and instability, press freedom and corruption).},
  author = {McCarthy, Daniel and Ho, Lawrence Ka-ki and Chan, Jason Kwun-Hong and Brunton-Smith, Ian},
  doi = {10.1002/pad.2072},
  issn = {1099-162X},
  journal = {Public Administration and Development},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {32-42},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Understanding public confidence in the police within democratic and authoritarian regimes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.2072},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{matetoth2024spontaneous,
  address = {Washington},
  author = {Máté-Tóth, András and Povedák, Kinga and Szilárdi, Réka},
  booktitle = {The Faith and Beliefs of “Nonbelievers”},
  editor = {Bargár, Pavol and Jonkers, Peter},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA5400},
  isbn = {9781565183544},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {201-216},
  publisher = {The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2009},
  title = {Spontaneous Aversion to Religion: Preliminary Approaches},
  url = {https://www.crvp.org/publications/publications.html},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{balassa2024vallsi,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Balassa, Bernadett},
  booktitle = {A konvivencia kihívásai. A vallási sokféleségről Kelet-Közép-Európában},
  doi = {10.56037/978-963-646-153-9},
  editor = {András, Máté-Tóth},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-963-646-153-9},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {73-95},
  publisher = {L’Harmattan},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {A vallási sokféleség hatása a regionális fejlődésre Közép-Európában},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.56037/978-963-646-153-9},
  year = 2024
}

@article{lichner2024between,
  abstract = {Distance, economic disparities and housing market conditions are considered key moderators of internal migration. Existing research has used panels and surveys to establish the drivers of and barriers to domestic moves. This research employs administrative data on all Slovak internal migrants in 1997–2022 (2.38 million moves). The individual migrant data are associated with regional characteristics such as wages, unemployment rates, business activity, housing construction, the ethnic composition of the population, and connections to trans-European transport network (TEN-T) motorway networks. Zero-inflated (ZI) regression models help to identify the key moderators of internal moves through reported migration motives and major structural barriers to migration. Gravity models distinguish between long-distance moves motivated by human capital considerations and short-distance moves informed by housing and family motives. Motives related to housing, following family, marriage, divorcee and health accounted for 75.4% of the total moves in the 1997–2022 period. Migration distance, followed by education, population mass and housing, proved to be key moderators of internal moves.},
  author = {Lichner, Ivan and Baláž, Vladimír and Jeck, Tomáš},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1002/psp.2818},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {1544-8452},
  journal = {Population, Space and Place},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Between spaces: Unravelling motives and distances in internal migration},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2818},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2024
}

@article{crpic2022attitudes,
  abstract = {This article is based on the results of the third wave of the European Values Study conducted in Croatia in 2017 and 2018, on a sample of 1488 respondents, and a partial comparison with the results of the EVS research from 1999 and 2008. The article analyses attitudes towards some moral questions from the sphere of individual and social morality, and the correlation between those attitudes and religiosity, trust, political orientation (left-right), national identity and consumption of/trust in the (traditional) media and social networks, alongside the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents as an independent variable. On the basis of the results obtained in the study, we have concluded that religious people are less permissive, particularly in the field of personal morality, and in the field of soft drugs and sexuality, in terms of their attitudes to morality, than non-religious people, they have trust in institutions, they are politically more »right wing«, and they have a stronger national identity than those with a European identity. Furthermore, younger respondents, better educated male respondents, residents of larger towns and cities, residents of Istria and Primorje County, show greater permissiveness in their attitudes towards morality. We have concluded that morality in Croatia is relatively stable, with a slight shift towards permissiveness, and Croatian society is quite homogeneous in terms of its significant value foundations.},
  author = {Črpić, Gordan and Kompes, Marijana and Mikić, Anto},
  doi = {10.53745/bs.92.5.2},
  journal = {Bogoslovska smotra},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {875-901},
  study = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Attitudes of Citizens of the Republic of Croatia Towards Moral Issues: Conservative or Liberal?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.53745/bs.92.5.2},
  volume = 92,
  year = 2022
}

@article{buhren2024environmental,
  abstract = {This study examines the correlates of environmental attitudes among Europeans and focuses on the roles of volunteering and practicing sports in a voluntary sports club. Drawing on the literature on social preferences, it argues that altruism and generosity are characteristics that apply to both leisure activities, while also shaping environmental attitudes. The empirical analysis uses data from the European Values Survey (2017–2019; n = 34,296). Environmental attitudes are captured by a composite index and a trade-off question assessing individuals’ preferences for environmental protection versus economic growth. The results of regression analyses show that volunteering and sports club membership have a significant positive association with the environmental attitude measures. Furthermore, both activities attenuate the negative associations of socio-demographic characteristics, including male gender, lower and medium education, retirement, being in a partnership, and living in a small town. Environmental policy should consider the spillover effects of leisure activities on individuals’ environmental attitudes.},
  author = {Bühren, Christoph and Wicker, Pamela},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1007/s10018-023-00373-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {1867383X},
  journal = {Environmental Economics and Policy Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {49–69},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Environmental attitudes among Europeans: the moderating effects of volunteering and sports club membership},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-023-00373-1},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2024
}

@article{matysiak2023unemployment,
  abstract = {Recent changes in labour markets have increased employment instability. Under these conditions, in male breadwinner families women might increase their labour supply when their male partners become unemployed. Previous studies have extensively investigated the role played by household and individual characteristics in explaining such increases in the labour supply of women. However, studies which examine the moderating role of specific welfare policies are missing. Our study contributes to the literature by investigating the moderating effect of childcare and tax-benefit policies for the labour supply response of women following the unemployment of their partner. We focus on a sample of 24 EU member states and the UK, during the period 2009-2019, combining longitudinal microdata from EU-SILC with country-period specific policy indicators generated with the use of the tax-benefit simulation model EUROMOD, UKMOD and country-period specific indicators of childcare use.},
  author = {Matysiak, Anna and Kurowska, Anna and Pavelea, Alina Maria},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0292749},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {19326203},
  journal = {Plos one},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1-16},
  study = {EU-SILC},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {His unemployment, her response, and the moderating role of welfare policies in European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292749},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2023
}

@book{hafez2024politicizing,
  abstract = {Among its Continental peers, Austria has stood out for its longstanding state recognition of the Muslim community as early as 1912. A shift has occurred more recently, however, as populist far-right voices within the Austrian government have redirected public discourse and put into question Islam’s previously accepted autonomous status within the country. Politicizing Islam in Austria examines this anti-Muslim swerve in Austrian politics through a comprehensive analysis of government policies and regulations, as well as party and public discourses. In their innovative study, Hafez and Heinisch show how the far-right Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) adapted anti-Muslim discourse to their political purposes and how that discourse was then appropriated by the conservative center-right Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP). This reconfiguration of the political landscape prepared the way for a right-wing coalition government between conservatives and far-right actors that would subsequently institutionalize anti-Muslim political demands and change the shape of the civic conditions and public perceptions of Islam and the Muslim community in the republic.},
  address = {New Brunswick},
  author = {Hafez, Farid and Heinisch, Reinhard},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9781978830448},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Rutgers University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Politicizing Islam in Austria : The Far-Right Impact in the Twenty-First Century},
  year = 2024
}

@article{dellmuth2023regional,
  abstract = {Climate change, health pandemics, structural decline, and more – the challenges of solving political problems are daunting, particularly when the political institutions addressing them are not trusted. This article tests the economic theory that residents of high-income regions are more likely to trust political institutions, given their positive experiences with services and opportunities, against the rival argument that predicts a negative effect of regional disadvantage within a country on political trust. Using European Values Study and World Values Survey (2017–2020) data, combined with socioeconomic data for 606 regions in 42 countries, this paper analyses samples of regions both in and outside the EU. The results suggest that people living in wealthy EU regions – both in absolute and relative terms – trust national government more and the EU less. In the global sample, the evidence is more variegated and corroborates economic theory only in democracies. The article sketches implications for regional inequality, political trust, and legitimacy research.},
  author = {Dellmuth, Lisa},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.1080/13501763.2023.2269207},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1350-1763},
  journal = {Journal of European Public Policy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1516-1535},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Regional inequalities and political trust in a global context},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2269207},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kleinhempel2024realizing,
  abstract = {Comparative international entrepreneurship research has often used measures of high-growth expectations entrepreneurship to proxy for the construct of high-impact entrepreneurship. We revisit this practice by assessing the cross-country association between high-growth expectations and realized high-impact entrepreneurship to speak to construct measurement fit. We find that expectations are not a good proxy for realizations; they are associated with different determinants and outcomes, respectively. We go on to introduce the notion of entrepreneurial projection bias to gauge the misfit between expectations and realizations. Conditioning on entrepreneurial projection bias partially restores the association between realized high-impact entrepreneurship and its determinants (or outcomes) when realizations are proxied using expectations. Furthermore, we show that opportunity-motivated entrepreneurship also does not proxy well for high-impact entrepreneurship. Our analysis brings into question current survey-based approaches to measuring high-impact entrepreneurship and existing rankings of countries’ entrepreneurial performance, with important implications for entrepreneurship theory and policy.},
  author = {Kleinhempel, Johannes and Estrin, Saul},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/s11187-024-00921-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1573-0913},
  journal = {Small Business Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {333–351},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Realizing expectations? High-impact entrepreneurship across countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-024-00921-3},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2025
}

@article{aytekin2023insanlarin,
  abstract = {Technological advancements and improvements in supply chains force businesses to consid-er the entire world as a market. At this point, segmenting countries according to various viewpoints has implications for businesses. Thus, businesses can develop strategies for countries under different segments. In this context, the study aimed to classify countries into groups using variables related to citizens&#039; perceptions of life. The data used in the study were obtained from the open data compiled from the World Values Survey (VWS) and the Europe-an Values Survey (EVS). In this context, the average linkage method, one of the clustering analysis methods, was used. As a result of the analysis, it was found that countries with a common heritage that are geographically and economically close to each other are grouped together.},
  author = {Aytekin, Makbule},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023 ; 10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.55769/gauniibf.1289927},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {GAUNIIBFD},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {45-55},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022 ; EVS2017},
  title = {İnsanlarin Hayat Algilari Veri̇leri̇ Bağlaminda Kümeleme Anali̇zi̇ İle Ülkeleri̇n Pazar Segmentasyonu (Market Segmentation Of Countries Wi̇th Clustering Analysis Based On People's Life Perceptions Data)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.55769/gauniibf.1289927},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2023
}

@book{bernad2022signes,
  abstract = {Un témoignage qui démontre la réalité de la survivance de l'âme, par l'étude de la manifestation terrestre de 400 signes et synchronicités ! 24% des Français ayant perdu un être proche estiment avoir reçu un ou plusieurs signes de leur cher disparu. Et si nos aimés pouvaient nous envoyer des messages de l'au-delà ? Si nous vivions dans un monde où en réalité, le hasard n'existe pas ? Après le décès rapproché de ses deux parents, Jean-Marc Bernad a eu la chance immense de recevoir plus de 400 signes et synchronicités témoignant de la survivance de leur âme dans un ailleurs qu'il n'imaginait pas. Dans cet ouvrage, il nous présente 18 leçons de lecture, pour nous apprendre à reconnaître et à percevoir les manifestations de l'au-delà. Ce témoignage, écrit avec la précision d'un scientifique et la sincérité d'un homme ayant connu l'épreuve du deuil, est un guide inspirant pour décrypter les messages d'amour de nos " envolés ". Jean-Marc Bernad vit à Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche (78).},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Bernad, Jean-Marc},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Éditions Exergue},
  study-id = {EVS1981},
  title = {Signes et synchronicités - Au-delà des espérances !},
  year = 2022
}

@article{magalhaes2023beyond,
  abstract = {How do people respond to different decision-making processes in high courts? One long-standing view suggests that citizens expect courts to be neutral arbiters of legal controversies. Although the relevance of such “myth of legality” has been challenged, we know very little about the relationship between the portrayals of the motives of courts and justices and public attitudes in civil law countries. We explore this question in a pair of experiments in Norway and Portugal where we isolate the effects of different institutional frames from outcome favorability. We find that while partisan frames are detrimental to fairness perceptions and acceptance of decisions, depictions of judicial decision-making that emphasize policy goals do not adversely affect citizens’ responses in comparison with legalistic frames. The results suggest that, even in civil law systems, preserving the myth of legality may not be a necessary condition to elicit public support for judicial decisions.},
  author = {Magalhães, Pedro C. and Skiple, Jon K. and Pereira, Miguel M. and Arnesen, Sveinung and Bentsen, Henrik L.},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140231152769},
  issn = {00104140},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1537–1566},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Beyond the Myth of Legality? Framing Effects and Public Reactions to High Court Decisions in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231152769},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2023
}

@article{belov2023tolerant,
  abstract = {The article is based on the data of the comparative sociological study of the latest wave of the EVS and WVS (2017-2022) and considers values through the opposition “essentialism - existentialism”. The authors use the methodological approach to identifying a system of values, which was developed by R. Inglehart and K. Welzel. According to the level of tolerance, 82 countries were placed on the “essentialism - existentialism” scale: in most cases, intolerance to the other is poorly differentiated. Intolerance extends to all objects that differ from the accepted standard. The authors identify two groups of indicators of tolerance - to origin (racial or ethnic) and to behavior patterns - based on correlation and factor analysis. To identify the number of factors, the authors used the procedure based on the values of the correlation matrix, then the orthogonal rotation method (varimax). The resulting model has high quality characteristics and shows a strong connection between the level of tolerance to other behavior patterns and the level of economic well-being of the country. The level of social trust also affects the level of tolerance: the higher the level of social trust, the higher the tolerance to other behavior patterns, and, on the contrary, the higher the level of distrust (disunity), the higher the level of intolerance to differences, i.e., disunity, atomization and mistrust determine intolerance to others. People supporting the existentialist principle are more tolerant to differences in the worldview, lifestyle, behavior and customs. The dominance of essentialism or existentialism in society leads to specific legal consequences, for example, in the state migration, marriage-family and religious policies. Thus, the study of tolerance allows to locate the country on the “essentialism - existentialism” scale.},
  author = {Belov, A.A. and Danilov, A.N. and Rotman, D.G.},
  doi = {10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-4-740-753},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {2408-8897},
  journal = {RUDN Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {740-753},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Человек-толерантный в ценностной системе координат «эссенциализм — экзистенциализм» (Homo tolerant in the value system “essentialism - existentialism”)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-4-740-753},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2023
}

@article{adman2023positive,
  abstract = {Educated individuals are believed to be more tolerant towards ethnic minorities—a finding widely inferred from standard survey items. We propose a new approach that helps mitigate the risk of socially desirability bias (SDB), using a multifactorial survey experiment with name-based vignette dimensions. The experiment is strategically inserted into a question about a social dilemma not related to ethnicity. By embedding our experiment into an established survey—the Swedish part of the European Values Survey—we show that individuals with a high level of education are more tolerant towards ethnic minorities, even under a lower risk of SDB. The study strengthens findings in prior research and supports the hypothesis that education can further ethnic tolerance.},
  author = {Adman, Per and Gschwind, Lutz},
  doi = {10.1093/ijpor/edad029},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1471-6909},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-6},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Is the Positive Effect of Education on Ethnic Tolerance a Method Artifact? A Multifactorial Survey Experiment on Social Desirability Bias in Sweden},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edad029},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2023
}

@article{raudenska2023singleitem,
  abstract = {Single-item measures of general well-being are increasingly being analysed cross-culturally but without clear evidence of comparability level attainment. The primary objective of this study is to examine the cross-country measurement invariance of the two most common single-item measures—life satisfaction and happiness—across a large number of countries. For this purpose, 45 data sources from large-scale sample surveys conducted between 1976 and 2018 were used. This study presented a novel technique for examining the measurement invariance of individual items and used Bayesian approximation to evaluate the extent of the non-invariance of certain items across nations. The findings revealed that the happiness item’s factor loadings and intercepts deviated less, indicating comparability across more countries than the life satisfaction item. It is possible that the construct of happiness is more universally applicable across cultures than that of life satisfaction. However, the item parameters of the survey items varied among several countries in each round of the program, indicating that the observed score means could only be compared between a few participating countries.},
  author = {Raudenská, Petra},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10074 ; 10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.11564 ; 10.4232/1.12252 ; 10.4232/1.12661 ; 10.4232/1.13322},
  doi = {10.1057/s41599-023-02299-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3521 v 2.0.1 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA3880 v1.1.0 ; ZA5800 v3.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0 ; ZA6980 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2011 ; ISSP2012 ; ISSP2017 ; MannheimEurobarometer Trend File 1970-2002},
  title = {Single-item measures of happiness and life satisfaction: the issue of cross-country invariance of popular general well-being measures},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02299-1},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2023
}

@article{abattouy2023family,
  abstract = {Differing theoretical indications suggest that immigrant adolescents’ perceptions of family support will either be lower or higher than those of their non-immigrant peers. To unravel this inconsistency, current cross-national study examines family support differences between first- and second-generation immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents. It also investigates how these differences vary based on restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, and immigrant density in the receiving country, the obedience orientation of the origin country, and the cultural distance in obedience orientation between the origin- and receiving country. Cross-classified multilevel regression analyses were conducted on data from the 2017 to 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey with a national representative sample of adolescents from 178 origin countries in 30 receiving countries across Europe, Central Asia, and in Israel. Results revealed the variance in family support was small at the level of the origin country (0.73%) and the community (1.24%), while modest at the receiving country level (10.91%). Family support was slightly lower for adolescents of both immigrant generations compared with non-immigrant adolescents, with greater differences for first-than for second-generation immigrants (respectively d = .16 and d = .02). Differences in family support were unrelated to restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, immigrant density, or obedience orientation. However, family support for second-generation immigrant adolescents decreased more compared with non-immigrants when their cultural distance was greater. Concluding, immigrant adolescents’ lower family support, may reflect their exposure to more stressors than non-immigrants. Cultural distance can amplify these stressors, thereby affecting family support for some immigrants more than others.},
  author = {Abattouy, Ouissam and Stevens, Gonneke W.J.M. and Walsh, Sophie D. and Davison, Colleen M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10188 ; 10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1177/0022022123116923},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v2.0.0 ; ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {00220221},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {434-456},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Family Support Differences Between Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Adolescents Across 30 Countries: Examining the Moderating Role of Cultural Distance, Culture of Origin, and Reception in Receiving Societies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022123116923},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dlugosz2022between,
  abstract = {Religiousness has a positive effect on the mental health of an individual and social groups in many difficult situations. In the conducted research, we wanted to check, inter alia, whether religiosity and social support are positively related to the mental health of students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and Ukraine. The research was conducted at a time (August 2021) when the very contagious Delta variant was spreading over Europe, and numerous pandemic-related personal restrictions and obligations (such as using facemasks in selected places, social distancing, and obligatory self-isolation of the ill or those who had contact with the pathogen) were in force in both countries. For this purpose, a representative survey was carried out using the CAPI technique on a sample of 1000 students in Poland (50% boys and 50% girls in the age range 10–19) and 1022 in Ukraine (51% boys and 49% girls in the age range 10–18). The results of the research shows that depression measured by the PHQ-9 scale was experienced by 20% of students in Poland, and 13% in Ukrainian. Anxiety, measured with the GAD-7 scale, was experienced by 9% of the Polish and 6% of the Ukrainian students. The performed regression analysis showed that religiosity had no effect on the mental health of students. The main risk factor for mental disorders was the lack of social support.},
  author = {Długosz, Piotr and Liszka, Damian and Yuzva, Luydmila},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.3390/ijerph19116446},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {16604601},
  journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {The link between subjective religiosity, social support, and mental health among young students in Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of Poland and Ukraine},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116446},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@book{soukup2023statistick,
  abstract = {Žijeme ve světě, který je prodchnut daty. Data se stala tak pevnou součástí života jedince i společnosti, že dnes mluvíme o datové revoluci. Schopnost rozumět datům a umět je analyzovat se stává životní nutností, obzvláště u lidí s vysokoškolským diplomem. Specifickým druhem dat jsou data statistická. Nakladatelství Munipress Masarykovy univerzity nyní vydává již třetí publikaci, která se věnuje analýze sociálněvědních dat. První dvě učebnice popisují v základním a pokročilém kurzu zpracování dat v prostředí SPSS. Z těchto úspěšných a oceňovaných svazků vychází nová, třetí učebnice, popisující zpracování dat v prostředí R. Je určena studentům a vědcům sociálněvědních oborů. Pro výpočty je užíváno prostředí R (freeware), zejména skrze tzv. R Commander. Kromě úvodu do práce s R a R commanderem obsahuje kniha základní postupy pro popis a úpravu dat a poté základní analytické postupy sociálněvědní statistiky, konkrétně t-testy, analýzu rozptylu, korelační a regresní analýzu (včetně modelu logistické regrese). Je zakončena kapitolami o faktorové analýze a seskupovací analýze. Autory učebnice jsou: Petr Soukup, ředitel Institutu sociologických studií Fakulty sociálních věd Univerzity Karlovy, Ladislav Rabušic, profesor Katedry sociologie na Fakultě sociálních studií Masarykovy univerzity a Petr Mareš, CSc., emeritní profesor Fakulty sociálních studií Masarykovy univerzity. Význam učebnice vystihuje hodnocení recenzenta prof. S. Pekára, autora knižní série „Moderní analýza biologických dat v prostředí R“: „(...) Autoři se evidentně snažili napsat učebnici, kterou budou moct používat generace sociologů. Tím, že ukazují, jak data analyzovat v prostředí R, se jejich učebnice pravděpodobně stane nesmrtelnou.“},
  address = {Brno},
  author = {Soukup, Petr and Mareš, Petr and Rabušic, Ladislav},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Masarykova univerzita},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Statistická analýza sociálněvědních dat v R},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{ule2023think,
  abstract = {Abortion has long been considered one of the typical points where the differences between conservative and liberal social attitudes are clearly visible, and moreover where patriarchy, authoritarianism and conservatism overlap considerably. In this chapter, we analyze public opinion data of Slovenian citizens on their attitudes toward the right to abortion in a time perspective. We place the opinions of Slovenian citizens in a broader European and global context and profile pro- and anti-abortion advocates and opponents. According to opinion polls, Slovenia is among the most liberal countries in Europe in terms of attitudes toward abortion. A comparison over time shows that attitudes toward abortion in Slovenia liberalized between 1969 and 1990 and have remained consistently positive to the present day. This proves that public opinion in Slovenia has a stable liberal orientation, regardless of the transition processes and political upheavals of the last 30 years since Slovenian independence. However, public opinion among younger respondents is changing and becoming less tolerant of the right to abortion. The correlation between expressed religiosity and attitudes toward the right to abortion is also becoming statistically more significant.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Ule, Mirjana and Kurdija, Slavko},
  booktitle = {Abortion and Reproductive Rights in Slovenia: A Case of Resistance},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003434139-5},
  editor = {Kralj, Ana and Rener, Tanja and Leskošek, Vesna and Mencin, Metka and Ule, Mirjana and Kurdija, Slavko},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7570 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {126-152},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {ISSP2018 ; EVS2017},
  title = {“What do you think about abortion?” Slovenian public opinion on abortion in longitudinal and international perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003434139-5},
  year = 2023
}

@article{kaariainen2024formal,
  abstract = {Purpose: Due to the rapid ageing of the continent's population, a significant surge in long-term care expenses for the elderly is expected across Europe in the coming years. Could a potential solution to this challenge involve the increased informal care provided by adult children? In this context, we examined a general view or moral duty of European citizens regarding whether adult children should assume responsibility for providing long-term care to the elderly. Design/methodology/approach: Our multilevel analysis draws on individual-level data from the 2017 European Value Study and country-level data from various European sources encompassing participants from 21 member countries of the European Union. Findings: The findings reveal that in nations where public long-term care services are sufficiently available and of superior quality, there is a negative sentiment towards the notion that adult children should bear the responsibility for elderly care. In total, 71% of the country-level variance in our dependent variable was explained by the availability and quality of formal long-term care in a country. Furthermore, various individual-level attributes contribute to shaping attitudes towards care-giving responsibility. We observed that women, middle-aged individuals, those without religious affiliations, those with modern gender role attitudes and non-immigrants tended to hold unfavourable attitudes towards the responsibility of adult children in long-term care provision. Originality/value: There are relatively many studies on the general attitude of the population towards filial obligation. However, so far there have been very few studies available that examine the population's attitude towards the obligation of adult children to commit to their parents' long-term care. Our research explains the variation of the phenomenon in Europe with both country-level and individual-level factors.},
  author = {Kääriäinen, Juha and Tanskanen, Antti O. and Danielsbacka, Mirkka},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1108/IJSSP-03-2024-0105},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0144333X},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {13/14},
  pages = {116-131},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Formal long-term care, individualisation and filial responsibility: a multi-level analysis of 21 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-03-2024-0105},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{zeller2023austrian,
  abstract = {Throughout Europe contemporary far-right activism is at least partially rooted in historical grievances and activities. Austria is no exception. Here, a far-reaching base of far-right support manifests in antisemitic and xenophobic attitudes, criminal activity, movement organisation and campaigning, and party politics. Prominent parts of the dynamics that characterise these far-right manifestations are rooted in Austria's past. This chapter focuses on that rootedness by specifying the elements of the contemporary far-right ecosystem. It looks at the case of the Ulrichsberg commemorations of Third Reich military veterans and examines how that demonstration campaign is an archetype of far-right party-movement dynamics in Austria. Specifically, the commemorations long enjoyed approval, support, and even participation by prominent politicians and state officials. As the dominant perception of Austria's historical legacy shifted towards acknowledging complicity in Nazi atrocities, the Ulrichsberg commemorations became politicised and the Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ) transformed into the political representative of Austria's far right.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Zeller, Michael C.},
  booktitle = {The Routledge Handbook of Far-Right Extremism in Europe},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003256892-8},
  editor = {Kondor, Katherine and Littler, Mark},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {67-82},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Austrian Far Right: Historical Continuities and the Case of the Ulrichsberg Commemorations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003256892-8},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{troitzsch2023populism,
  abstract = {Political culture seems to have changed in many Western democracies since Inglehart’s findings about materialism and post-materialism. The European Values Study can trace attitude distributions back to 1981 till 2019. A study series like this one - with identical questions about a wide range of issues—allows for first defining an attitude space common to all countries which the EVS targeted and then showing changes over time and differences between countries and generations. The results will contribute to a deepened understanding of the attitude space in which European policy makers have to define policies. Differences between countries are generally smaller than could have been expected from the different history of Western and Eastern Europe during the past four decades - but they still exist. A common result of all analyses is that European societies seem to be composed of large moderate majorities at whose margin vivid and sometimes radical minorities exist.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Troitzsch, Klaus G.},
  booktitle = {Producing Cultural Change in Political Communities: The Impact of Populism and Extremism on the International Security Environment},
  data-doi = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-43440-2_7},
  editor = {Mölder, Holger and Voinea, Camelia Florela and Sazonov, Vladimir},
  gesis-study_no = {10.4232/1.13736},
  isbn = {978-3-031-43440-2},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {125-157},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series = {Contributions to Political Science},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Populism, Extremism and Cultural Change as Traceable in the European Value Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43440-2_7},
  year = 2023
}

@article{burhan2024smart,
  abstract = {The World Happiness Report (WHR) 2021 revealed that public trust in government institutions was helpful in reducing COVID-19 death rates. Societies with higher levels of institutional trust are more likely to follow official orders, leading to greater success of virus suppression strategies implemented by the government. This study adapted an original linear regression model from WHR 2021 to examine the relationship between cognitive ability (CA) and COVID-19 mortality at the cross-country level. Regression analyses revealed that high-CA societies had significantly higher COVID-19 death rates (β=+. 48 and+. 64, r=+. 43). Further regression analyses between CA and institutional variables demonstrated that CA is negatively associated with confidence in the national government (β=-. 35 and-. 56, r=-. 10). CA also correlates negatively with institutional trust (β=-. 20 and-. 43, r=+. 13), although its association with interpersonal trust is positive (r=+. 68). To corroborate the negative patterns, correlations between CA and both public and expert perceptions of corruption were examined. Results showed that the negative correlation of CA with expert perception (r=-. 70, more intelligent–less corrupt) was twice as strong as with public perception of corruption (r=-. 35). Assuming that expert perception is a more reliable measure of corruption prevalence compared to public perception, the results imply that in societies with high CA, the public is under-convinced that their governments are not corrupt. Smarter societies appear to have missed opportunities to further reduce COVID-19 related deaths due to their relatively low level of trust in government and institutions.},
  author = {Burhan, Nik Ahmad Sufian and Sabri, Mohamad Fazli and Rindermann, Heiner},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.46469/mq.2024.64.3.3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {08934649},
  journal = {Mankind Quarterly},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {453-475},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Why It Can Be Wise for Smart People to Listen to Their Government Sometimes: A Painful Lesson from the International Pattern of COVID-19 Death Rates},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.46469/mq.2024.64.3.3},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2024
}

@article{bartolini2023moderation,
  abstract = {In this paper we check whether social capital changes the association of subjective well-being with own income and social comparisons. We use panel data from Germany and publicly available data from three international surveys, for a total of nearly 500,000 respondents from industrial countries. Results show that the association of own income and social comparisons to subjective well-being weakens for individuals with high social capital. This finding holds in a variety of settings, and is robust to various measures of subjective well-being, of social capital, and of social comparisons. We also find evidence indicating that the role of social capital is, at least in part, causal. Finally, our findings support the macro-level implication that income differences are less related to subjective well-being differences in countries with high social capital.},
  author = {Bartolini, Stefano and Piekalkiewicz, Marcin and Sarracino, Francesco and Slater, Giulia},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0288455},
  issn = {19326203},
  journal = {Plos one},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1-25},
  study = {EU-SILC 2013 ; EVS},
  title = {The moderation effect of social capital in the relationship between own income, social comparisons and subjective well-being: Evidence from four international datasets},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288455},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2023
}

@article{graafland2023civic,
  abstract = {In literature, there is a long and ongoing dispute over whether free market institutions encourage or discourage civic virtues. On the one hand, the so-called doux commerce thesis states that free market institutions have a favorable influence on civic virtues, such as honesty, respect for private property, and fair dealings. This idea goes back to, amongst others, Adam Smith who famously argued that where commerce is introduced, people are more faithful to their word. Smith also believed that civic virtues foster human happiness. The policy implication would be that free market institutions increase happiness by stimulating civic virtues. On the other hand, the so-called self-destruction thesis states that free market institutions are inimical to the civic virtues, which would mean that free markets decrease human happiness by crowding out civic virtues. Although the debate on free market institutions and civic virtues is very relevant to policy makers, empirical evidence on these opposing propositions is still scarce. In this paper we test both relationships on a sample of 212,431 individuals from 80 countries by using data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey over the 1990–2020 period. We focus on one important dimension of free market institutions: rule of law. We find that civic virtues are positively related to rule of law and that happiness increases with civic virtues. In addition, civic virtues indirectly increase happiness by stimulating trust. In addition, trust is directly positively related to rule of law, indicating that both formal institutions (rule of law) and informal institutions (civic virtues) affect trust. An analysis of all the effects of rule of law on happiness shows, however, that the indirect effects through civic virtues and trust are of relatively minor importance in comparison to its total effect.},
  author = {Graafland, Johan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1007/s11482-023-10163-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {18712576},
  journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {799–1824},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {On Rule of Law, Civic Virtues, Trust, and Happiness},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-023-10163-2},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2023
}

@article{guglielmi2023religion,
  abstract = {The article aims to offer a contribution to a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the intertwining of national and religious identity at the individual level in (some) European former communist and socialist countries. It starts by retracing from a historical perspective the place religion occupied during the regimes, then paying attention to how, once politicized and ethnicized by the hand of a new class of ethnopolitical entrepreneurs, religion has become ?the hallmark of nationhood.? This excursus allows us to better contextualize both the theoretical argument and findings. The intertwining of national and religious identity is investigated from two main theoretical sources. The first is the debate within sociology and political science on the different ideas of nationhood, while the second consists of socio-psychological models of intergroup relations. The empirical investigation is based on survey data from the European values study (EVS, 2017). A comparative approach is used which includes four countries having Catholic large majorities (Poland, Slovenia, Croatia, and Hungary) and, as a benchmark, Romania having an Orthodox majority. To test the hypotheses, a structural equation model is specified. The causal model seeks to unravel to what extent different conceptions of nationhood (ethno-religious vs. civil), together with national attachment, influence the intergenerational transmission of religious values and distrust of people of another religion/nationality. The research results are in line with the current European trends pointing in the direction of a stronger overlap between the religious and the national in tailoring collective identities.},
  author = {Guglielmi, Simona and Piacentini, Arianna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1177/08883254231203331},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0888-3254},
  journal = {East European Politics and Societies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {455-485},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Religion and National Identity in Central and Eastern European Countries: Persisting and Evolving Links},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08883254231203331},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2024
}

@article{titik2023changes,
  abstract = {Changes of Worldview Structures in the Czech Republic and Slovakia After 1990. Methodological Aspects of Measuring Religiosity and “Nones”. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, four censuses have been conducted since 1990, in which the religious affiliation of the population was monitored. While the first one, in 1991, was carried out with a uniform methodology still within the framework of a common, albeit federalised, state, the later censuses differed from each other in both countries in their methodology, which was changed several times, but also in what they actually measured. In the same period, international surveys that worked with a more unified methodology for measuring religiosity were also conducted, most notably the EVS and WVS programmes. The study will focus on the analysis of the methodology used in both countries and the various risks involved in attempting to compare results between the two countries. Different survey and census results also lead to substantial differences in interpretation of the results of trends in religiosity change, leading to the need for a more in-depth analysis of the impact of the different methods on the results obtainet. Comparisons will be made concerning the possible ways to analyse both the group of people claiming a religious affiliation and those who did not claim a religious affiliation (nones). The ways of comparing the results from the censuses will be tested by using the survey-type studies EVS/WVS.},
  author = {Tíţik, Miroslav},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736 ; 10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.31577/sociologia.2023.55.4.16},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0 ; ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Sociológia},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {434-464},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Changes of Worldview Structures in the Czech Republic and Slovakia After 1990. Methodological Aspects of Measuring Religiosity and - Nones‖},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2023.55.4.16},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2023
}

@article{vukelic2024looking,
  abstract = {This article explores the diversity in willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental quality, highlighting distinctions not only between Eastern and Western Europe but also within former communist countries (FCCs). We obtain mixed results, with little evidence of a generational shift in WTP across birth cohorts, more rapid societal shifts in non-FCCs, and higher levels of baseline WTP in Southeast European FCCs. Drawing on our findings, we advocate for approaches to environmentalism that move beyond the East-West dichotomy, instead examining alternative environmental practices that emerged in diverse cultural contexts, which can aid in addressing the global environmental crisis.},
  author = {Vukelić, Jelisaveta and Sircar, Indraneel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/21599165.2024.2379884},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  issn = {21599165},
  journal = {East European Politics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {684-707},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Looking beyond the East-West divide? Re-appraising the willingness to pay for environmental quality in 19 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2024.2379884},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2024
}

@article{gavrilovic2024religiosity,
  abstract = {The link between religiosity and cultural practices is a relatively rare topic in sociology. Serbia is a divided society in many ways, and by connecting and analyzing these two phenomena some symbolic divisions in our society can also be recognized. The text deals with the relationship between religiosity (levels and types) and cultural practices (activities of cultural participation in everyday life, popular and elite culture). The analysis aims to identify certain types of cultural consumers depending on the level and type of their religiosity. The present study is an exploratory one, with the primary objective of determining the extent to which the level and type of religiosity affect the type of cultural practices that the respondents exhibit. Our findings indicate that specific religiosity profiles correlate with the respondents’ cultural habitus.},
  author = {Gavrilović, Danijela},
  doi = {10.18485/rit.2024.22.41.1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {1451-8759},
  journal = {Religija & Tolerancija},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 41,
  pages = {7-19},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religiosity and Cultural Practices in Serbia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18485/rit.2024.22.41.1},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{deth2023zivilgesellschaft,
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Deth, Jan W. van},
  booktitle = {Informationsflüsse, Wahlen und Demokratie: Festschrift für Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748915553-427},
  editor = {Faas, Thorsten and Huber, Sascha and Krewel, Mona and Roßteutscher, Sigrid},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA3950 ; ZA6670 ; ZA2898 ; ZA3086 ; ZA4231 ; ZA4528 ; ZA5234 ; ZA5480 ; ZA5566},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {427-454},
  publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2014 ; EB46 ; EB50.1 ; EB62.2 ; EB66.3 ; EB73.4 ; EB75.2 ; EB76.2},
  title = {Zivilgesellschaft und ehrenamtliches Engagement in Deutschland und Südeuropa},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748915553-427},
  year = 2023
}

@article{gangl2023generalized,
  abstract = {Rating scales are ubiquitous in the social sciences, yet may present practical difficulties when response formats change over time or vary across surveys. To allow researchers to pool rating data across alternative question formats, the article provides a generalization of the ordered logit model that accommodates multiple scale formats in the measurement of a single rating construct. The resulting multiscale ordered logit model shares the interpretation as well as the proportional odds (or parallel lines) assumption with the standard ordered logit model. A further extension to relax the proportional odds assumption in the multiscale context is proposed, and the substitution of the logit with other convenient link functions is equally straightforward. The utility of the model is illustrated from an empirical analysis of the determinants of respondents? confidence in democratic institutions that combines data from the European Social Survey, the General Social Survey, and the European and World Values Survey series.},
  author = {Gangl, Markus},
  doi = {10.1177/00491241231186655},
  issn = {00491241},
  journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {315-350},
  study = {WVS/EVS},
  title = {A Generalized Ordered Logit Model to Accommodate Multiple Rating Scales},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241231186655},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2025
}

@article{pereira2023encouraging,
  abstract = {Local governments play an important role in addressing the climate crisis. However, despite public support for climate action, local policy responses have been limited. We argue that (1) biased beliefs about voter preferences, (2) the time horizon for credit claiming, and (3) source credibility are barriers for legislators to learn and adopt new environmental policies. We test these arguments in a real policy-learning context. Representatives from six Western countries received customized invitations to a webinar on climate solutions for local governments. We find that constituency opinion on climate issues made local office-holders more responsive to public preferences. Invitations sent by a climate scientist and emphasizing shorter term policy effects increased interest in the webinar, but did not boost the likelihood of policy commitments. Only US officials responded negatively to climate scientists. The results reveal concrete steps to induce climate action and contribute to scholarship on policy learning.},
  author = {Pereira, Miguel M. and Giger, Nathalie and Perez, Maria D. and Axelsson, Kaya},
  doi = {10.1111/ajps.12841},
  issn = {00925853},
  journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {148-163},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Encouraging politicians to act on climate: A field experiment with local officials in six countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12841},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2025
}

@inproceedings{derose2023wicej,
  address = {Warsaw},
  author = {DeRose, Laure and Stone, Lyman},
  booktitle = {Uwarunkowania dzietności},
  editor = {Witkowska, Magdalena},
  eventdate = {12.12.2022},
  eventtitle = {III Kongresu Demograficznego},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {127-148},
  publisher = {Zakład Wydawnictw Statystycznych},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Więcej pracy, mniej dzieci. Co workizm ma wspólnego ze zmniejszającą się dzietnością? },
  url = {https://kd.stat.gov.pl/images/publikacje/monografia-uwarunkowania_internet.pdf},
  venue = {Warsaw},
  year = 2023
}

@article{domazet2023doughnuts,
  abstract = {The Degrowth Doughnut (a modification of the original Doughnut visualization of boundaries and foundations created by economist Kate Raworth) can be considered a visualization tool for assessing the current environmental and social capacity of a country to transform into an ecologically and socially sustainable modus operandi. Its sufficiently rich set of criteria, including cultural, socio-economic and biophysical indicators, gives us an overall picture of the problems to be dealt with and the strengths to build on in the immediate future. Its simple boundary-threshold structure presents limiting and aspirational targets in a single image. As such, it is also a tool that can aid eco-social policymaking to prioritize decisions and seek synergies between choices made. This research will present the Hungarian Degrowth Doughnut and use it as a case study when applied to the aims and expected impacts of Hungary’s operational National Clean Development Strategy. We will illustrate the degrowth-relevant priorities and assess the adequacy of the responses proposed by the Strategy, providing a critical analysis of the national policy options. Behind such climate and sustainability strategies are always a wealth of important value choices and moral considerations. Is there a safe and just operating space in the minds of the Hungarian policymakers? To what extent, if at all, are the fundamental principles of post-growth theories incorporated into a Hungarian sustainability strategy? We believe that a case study like this can also provide inspiration for further practical application of the Degrowth Doughnut elsewhere.},
  author = {Domazet, Mladen and Fischer, Máté and Köves, Alexandra},
  doi = {10.1177/13882627231206246},
  issn = {13882627},
  journal = {European Journal of Social Security},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {367-387},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {Doughnuts for strategies: A tool for an emerging sustainable welfare paradigm},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13882627231206246},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kageyama2024measuring,
  abstract = {National parochialism has attracted academic attention as its negative consequences have become increasingly apparent in the globalizing world. To empirically approach this issue, previous studies measured national parochialism employing experimental methods. The present study introduces a new approach using self-reported survey data. The advantages of using self-reported survey data lie in the access to a greater number of observations in a wider variety of countries with rich socioeconomic and demographic background information. Specifically, we use questions asking the respondents about the closeness to one’s country and the closeness to the world in the World Values Survey and European Values Survey and define their difference as national parochialism. Using this measure, we assess its validity and investigate the sources of the individual variations. Our main results and contributions are as follows. First, our measure of national parochialism is compatible with the ones in experimental studies. Second, we confirm the findings in the previous studies that national parochialism correlates with sex, educational level, and political ideology, with some cross-country variations. Third, we add new findings to the literature that national parochialism correlates with native status, age, marital status, income class, employment status, as well as both mother’s and father’s native statuses and educational levels, with the tendency that people in the socially insecure position are more parochial. We also uncover that the COVID-19 pandemic raised the level of national parochialism. These results point to both the scope and limitation of policy intervention for managing parochialism at the population level.},
  author = {Kageyama, Junji},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-023-03251-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {325–348},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Measuring National Parochialism and Explaining Its Individual Variations Using Survey Data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03251-1},
  volume = 171,
  year = 2024
}

@article{arslan2023happiness,
  abstract = {Both average levels of happiness and its distribution have dramatically changed with neoliberal transition in post-socialist countries that have been marked by chronic unhappiness. This study aims to describe the distribution of happiness by showing its levels and trajectories, and investigates the factors explaining it. The descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted by using cross-national survey data and a dataset covering country indicators. The findings show an inverse V-shaped pattern for changes in happiness inequality, although there are notable differences between individual countries. Income inequality explains cross-national differences in distribution of happiness during the first intensive reform years. However, objective health status and social trust are the most important predictors in explaining happiness inequality in consolidation and convergence periods.},
  author = {Arslan, Hilal},
  doi = {10.1163/15691330-bja10072},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {30-73},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Happiness Inequality in Post-Socialist Countries during Neoliberal Transition},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10072},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{crpic2023povjerenje,
  abstract = {Rad istražuje dimenziju političkog povjerenja, odnosno povjerenja u političke institucije u komparativnoj analizi Hrvatske te Poljske, Mađarske i Slovenije (postkomunističkih zemalja) te etabliranih demokracija poput Italije, Španjolske, Austrije, Njemačke, Švedske i Finske. Empirijski dio rada temelji na posljednjem valu međunarodnog znanstvenog istraživanja European Values Studies iz 2018. godine. Rad je istražio dimenzije političkog povjerenja u državne institucije (Sabor, vlast i državnu upravu, političke stranke i pravosuđe) i eksterne institucije (Europsku uniju i Ujedinjene narode) te hijerarhijske institucije (vojska, policija i Crkva). Istraživački cilj je bio uočiti ključne rizike nepovjerenja te promišljati o mogućim strategijama društvene (re)integracije „kulture povjerenja“. U tu svrhu je formulirano pet hipoteza. Rezultati ukazuju da političko nepovjerenje diferencira razine politike te njihovu povezanost s generacijom (ne)povjerenja u određenom društvu. Dobiven je važan uvid u dimenziju odnosa političkog povjerenja u internacionalne institucije naspram nacionalnih institucija te također uvid u značajno nepovjerenje u državne institucije, a veće povjerenje u hijerarhijske institucije. Istraživanje čimbenika religioznosti i autoritarnosti ukazalo je na hrvatske specifičnosti u komparativnoj perspektivi. Na temelju komparativnih rezultata istraživanja otvorena su nova pitanja za daljnju analizu i razumijevanje visoke razine političkog nepovjerenja među Hrvatima.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Črpić, Gordan and Kompes, Marijana and Mihaljević, Lucija},
  booktitle = {Promjene vrijednosnog sustava u demokratskoj Hrvatskoj},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip and Migles, Silvija and Nikodem, Krunoslav and Zrinšćak, Siniša},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-953-6420-41-4},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {259-288},
  publisher = {Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Povjerenje u političke institucije: Hrvatska u komparativnoj perspektivi (Trust in political institutions: Croatia in a comparative perspective)},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{zmerli2024notions,
  abstract = {Based on the latest European Values Study released in 2018, this study investigates the characteristics that French citizens ascribe to democracies to be essential. So far, little is known about democratic notions in a comparative perspective and even less about their origins and political consequences. To fill this research gap, this study adopts an exploratory research design where notions of democracy are, at first, inspected as dependent variables and, subsequently, scrutinized as determinants of political attitudes and participation. The empirical evidence reveals the deviating effects that different types of democratic notions exert on political attitudes and action and underscores the impact of personality traits and political ideology.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Zmerli, Sonja},
  booktitle = {Investigating Forty Years of French Politics Through Value Changes},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_6},
  editor = {Belot, Céline and Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  isbn = {978-3-031-46958-9},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  pages = {93-118},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Notions of democracy in France: uncovering causes and consequences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_6},
  year = 2024
}

@article{laaker2024economic,
  abstract = {How do immigration attitudes form? Drawing on the political socialization literature, I argue that growing up in a recession causes a lasting increase in anti-immigration attitudes. I delineate two mechanisms that emphasize the negative consequences of recessions for young workers and the anti-immigration narrative that often emerges during economic turmoil. Young adults are particularly vulnerable to these external shocks because they have minimal political experience and are developing their core political attitudes. Support is provided for this argument with evidence from the European Social Survey. An economic shock during young adulthood causes a significant increase in anti-immigration attitudes, a relationship not found for other ages. I find tentative evidence that growing up in a recession has a larger effect on the racial and cultural dimensions of immigration and causes a broader sociotropic response. Results highlight how economic crises affect the socialization of young adults and underscore their lasting political consequences.},
  author = {Laaker, Dillon},
  doi = {10.1017/S000712342300011X},
  issn = {0007-1234},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {220-240},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Economic Shocks and the Development of Immigration Attitudes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S000712342300011X},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{halman2023individualization,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Halman, Loek and Pettersson, Thorleif},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004665675_015},
  editor = {Moor, Ruud de},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665675},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {297-316},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990},
  title = {Individualization and Value Fragmentation},
  type = {Publication},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004665675_015},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2023
}

@article{ziliukaite2023laisvi,
  abstract = {In response to the increasing attention to quality-of-life issues, the study of happiness has recently become increasingly popular in the world as a separate field of social research. Researchers are addressing such questions as: What determines the fact that people feel happy? Are we happy ‘the same way’? What does this reveal about us as a society? Does happiness mean the same things to people of different generations? Does the experience of living in a free society of higher welfare engender generations of happier people? Using data from the European Values Survey (1990, 1999, 2008, 2017), this article addresses the issue of the dynamics of happiness in the Lithuanian society in order to find out how different macro- and micro-level factors line up in the public welfare equation, and how it is related to the generational change of the country’s population, paying a special attention to the specifics of the so-called The First Independence Generation. To achieve the objective of the study, different methods of empirical data analysis are used: descriptive statistics, tests of covariance and comparison of means, logistic regression. The analysis revealed significant differences in happiness between different social generations of the Lithuanian population, even after controlling for other factors influencing it.},
  author = {Žiliukaitė, Rūta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021 ; 10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4Priedas.Special-Issue.3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {24244546},
  journal = {Filosofija. Sociologija},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {4 },
  pages = {22-36},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Laisvi ir laimingi? Laimės dinamika Lietuvoje kartų kaitos perspektyvoje (Free and Happy? Dynamics of Subjective Well-being in Lithuania in the Perspective of Generational Change)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4Priedas.Special-Issue.3},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{litina2024islamophobia,
  abstract = {For centuries, since the Roman Empire's adoption of Christianity, the continent of Europe has been perceived as something of a Christian fortress. Today, the increase in the number of Muslims living in Europe and the prominence of Islamic belief pose questions not only for Europe's religious traditions but also for its constitutional make up. This book examines these challenges within the legal and political framework of Europe. The volume's contributors range from academics at leading universities to former judges and politicians. Its 19 chapters focus on constitutional challenges, human rights with a focus on religious freedom, and securitisation and Islamophobia, while adopting supranational and comparative approaches. This book will appeal not merely to academics and law students in the UK and the EU, but to anyone involved in diplomacy and international relations, including political scientists, lobbyists and members of NGOs. It explores these contested relationships to open up new spaces in how we think about religious freedom and co-existence in Europe and the crucial role that Islam has had, and continues to have, in its development.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Litina, Anastasia and Papasthathis, Konstantinos},
  booktitle = {Islam, Religious Liberty and Constitutionalism in Europe},
  editor = {Hill KC, Mark and Papadopoulou, Lina},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4804 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {257-272},
  publisher = {Bloomsbury},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Islamophobia, Xenophobia and Religion in the European Union: A Quantitative Analysis},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{heunks2023political,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Heunks, Felix and Hikspoors, Frans},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004665675_005},
  editor = {Moor, Ruud de},
  isbn = {9789004665675},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {51–81},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Political Culture 1960–1990},
  url = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c4d8421b5ee87c922a442614cc969b7e/gesis_survey24},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2023
}

@article{nagy2023together,
  abstract = {The first lockdown, conferred upon us by the COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020, created a unique, 3-month-long, laboratory-like situation that made gender relations and women's work especially relevant for social research. Full-time employed parents who switched to working from home were in a unique position to renegotiate the division of housework, childcare, or the management of school-related tasks. This paper explores what happened to the gendered division of unpaid work and what factors explain the (failed) renegotiation between full-time working parents. To explore this issue, we interviewed 52 Hungarian-speaking mothers in two countries, Hungary and Romania, who were living in heterosexual dual-earner families with children under the age of 14, and who were working full-time. Results show that, despite the unusual situation, the usual pattern of the division of unpaid work was sustained by most parents. Even though they were unhappy and sometimes overwhelmed with their workload, most mothers did not mind the division of care duties. Research findings deliver evidence that mothers' lack of willingness and ability to renegotiate the division of unpaid labor in the household was determined both from “inside” and “outside” households. The gendered nature of care work and intensive parenting and mothers' position in the labor market, including the flexibility of their employment, are two sets of mutually interwoven factors that contributed to women's lack of willingness to challenge the unequal division of reproductive work.},
  author = {Nagy, Beáta and Geambașu, Réka and Gergely, Orsolya and Somogyi, Nikolett},
  doi = {10.1111/gwao.12971},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {09686673},
  journal = {Gender, Work & Organization},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1059-1079},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {“In this together”? Gender inequality associated with home-working couples during the first COVID lockdown},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12971},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2023
}

@book{zhong2024china,
  abstract = {One of the most significant global events in the last forty years has been the rise of China— economically, technologically, politically, and militarily. The question on people's minds for decades has been whether China will replace the United States as a superpower in the near future. But for China, this power must be comprehensive — having strong economic and militant forces are only two pieces of the puzzle. China must also possess soft power, such as attractive ideologies, values, and culture. China as Number One? explores China’s soft powers through the eyes of Chinese citizens. Utilizing data from the World Values Survey, the contributors to this collection analyze the potential soft power of a rising China by examining its residents' social values. A comprehensive study of changes and continuities in the political and social values of Chinese citizens, the book examines findings in the context of evolutionary modernization theory and cross-national comparison.},
  address = {Michigan},
  author = {Zhong, Y. and Inglehart, Ronald F.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9780472903733},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {China as Number One?: The Emerging Values of a Rising Power},
  year = 2024
}

@article{fiaschi2023attachment,
  abstract = {We investigate the attachment to the labour market of women in their 30s, who are combining career and family choices, through their reactions to an exogenous, and potentially symmetric shock, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that in Italy a large number of women with small children, living in the North, left permanent (and temporary) employment and became inactive in 2020. Despite the short period of observation after the burst of the pandemic, the identified impacts appear large and persistent, particularly with respect to the men of the same age. We argue that this evidence is ascribable to specific regional socio-cultural factors, which foreshadow a potential long-term detrimental impact on female labour force participation.},
  author = {Fiaschi, Davide and Tealdi, Cristina},
  doi = {10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102402},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {09275371},
  journal = {Labour Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-29},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The attachment of adult women to the Italian labour market in the shadow of COVID-19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102402},
  volume = 83,
  year = 2023
}

@book{tausch2023destabilizing,
  abstract = {The present study of destabilizing forces and resilience in the current global crisis, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, is a combination of global comparisons and a study of the Middle East. The non-Muslim countries that voted for the resolution on Ukraine in the General Assembly represented only 31% of the world's population, while the Muslim countries that voted for the resolution on Ukraine represented 12.38% of the world's population. With the current shifts in global energy supplies, the Gulf countries have increased their share of Western energy supplies, making the interdependencies in global politics and global energy greater than ever before. A realistic study of the destabilizing forces and resilience in the current global crisis must therefore be based on a combination of global comparisons and a Middle East survey. Our analysis of resilience in the Middle East is based on the methodology of international politics and intelligence studies, which is widely used in the literature. Our assessment of global resilience is based on open data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey, the first comprehensive, empirical and multivariate study of global resilience, covering more than 5 billion global inhabitants, representing about 66% of the world's population, in 88 countries and territories, collected between 2017 and 2022. These high-quality, representative social science survey data, based on excellent sampling techniques and large samples, were analyzed in our research using IBM SPSS Version 29 multivariate statistical software. For the first time in the global literature, we analyze, among others, very recent data on the willingness to fight for the country in the context of a multivariate factor analytic model that uses a great number of dimensions from our multivariate data to contextualize global willingness to fight for the country. Our study also compares the performance of Russia and Ukraine according to the sub-components of our parametric factor analytical index of resilience, and also shows how the differences in performance between the two countries are structured. Russia has an advantage in the subcomponent trust, in the subcomponent absence of xenophobia and racism, in the subcomponent satisfaction and happiness of the population, in the subcomponent willingness to fight for one's country, and in the subcomponent acceptance of egalitarian needs by the higher social classes, while Ukraine has a clear advantage in the subcomponent acceptance of gender justice, in the subcomponent no demoralization, and in the subcomponent respect for human life. We undertake a similarly structured comparison for resilience in the People's Republic of China and the United States. There, China is ahead on the trust sub-component, on the acceptance of redistribution by the upper classes, on the Calvinist work ethic, on the willingness to defend, on the respect for human life, on the support for social liberal democracy, on the absence of demoralization and on the happiness of the population. Quite a clear advantage over the United States! Our analysis also holds dire predictions for the ability of the Western world to maintain the level of support it has hitherto given to the Ukraine. We also calculated the partial correlation of global support for Vladimir Putin, holding constant the Human Development Index in 2018 and the square of the Human Development Index, also in 2018. The highest positive statistical relationship with support for Putin is with an economy's dependence on CO2 emissions.},
  address = {Hauppauge},
  author = {Tausch, Arno and Neriah, Jacques},
  doi = {10.52305/RVWS0740},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Nova Science Publishers },
  title = {Destabilizing Forces and Resilience in the Current World Crisis: Comparisons of Global Opinion Data and a Middle East Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.52305/RVWS0740},
  year = 2023
}

@article{zhenqian2023media,
  abstract = {The article analyzes modern social identity in the context of media influence. The study covers the evolution of identity, reveals its multidimensionality and the influence of media platforms. The authors emphasize the role of media in the formation of images and stereotypes, as well as the risks associated with social networking algorithms. The article examines the digital footprint and the flexibility of identity in the online space. Ethical issues are analyzed and ways to regulate the media environment to support more conscious formation of social identity are proposed.},
  author = {Zhenqian, Wang and Kamarouskaya, A.S.},
  issn = {2519-4437},
  journal = {Минск: БГУ},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {141-145},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Ценности самовыражения и их влияние на трудовые установки студентов Беларуси и Китая (Media and social Identity as an Object of social Philosophical Reflection)},
  url = {https://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/307911},
  year = 2023
}

@article{gama2024societal,
  abstract = {Purpose: This paper studies the impact of societal trust on the conservative financing policy puzzle, aiming to cover a gap in the relationship between cultural values and the conservative financing policy. Design/methodology/approach: We use a sample of 14,509 privately held medium-sized manufacturing firms from 26 European countries between 2015 and 2020 and rely on logistic regression methods controlling for firm-specific and macroeconomic factors. Findings: We show that societal trust decreases the odds of being a zero-leverage or almost zero-leverage firm. Also, the probability of being a conservatively financed firm increases for older and more profitable firms and decreases with tangibility. In more trustworthy national environments, firms are less averse to debt as a source of financing. Our results are robust to the specific measure of trust, estimation methods, sampling procedures, and annual financial constraint status. Moreover, we show that the effect is noticed both in the long-term debt and the short-term debt with a lower economic impact in the latter situation and that increased societal trust attenuates (reinforces) the effect of being a financially constrained (unconstrained) firm on the odds of adopting a conservative financing policy. Research limitations/implications: Societal trust strategically impacts debt financing policy and could help foster firms’ growth, particularly for those facing heavier financial constraints. Originality/value: Novel evidence on the impact of societal trust on the conservative financing policy, for privately held medium-sized European firms.},
  author = {Gama, Paulo M. and Vieira, Elisabete F.},
  doi = {10.1108/MF-12-2023-0767},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {03074358},
  journal = {Managerial Finance},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1878-1894},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Does societal trust matter for the conservative financing policy puzzle? European SMEs evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-12-2023-0767},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2024
}

@article{benoit2023contested,
  abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the critical nature of social care for modern societies and the moral dilemmas related to the organisation of care, specifically in terms of frail adults. The scarcity of personnel in nursing homes challenged the possibility of adequate care, spurring debates on both the dignity of dependent people and end-of-life treatments. While ‘classical’ social care policies already stimulate conflicts about the ‘right way’ of caring, non-classical care policies, such as assisted dying, are particularly contested. We advance existing research by analysing public attitudes on both care policies jointly and, hence, integrate the literature on morality policy and social care. Based on multi-level analyses, combining individual-level with macro-level data from 34 countries, we uncover that gender and religious identity drive deviating attitudes in both fields, while long-term care expenditure mitigates scepticism among Catholics but less so among Muslims.},
  author = {Benoit, Verena and Euchner, Eva-Maria},
  doi = {10.1332/251510821X16794159362336},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {European Journal of Politics and Gender},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Contested social care - is there a ‘right’ way? How public investments diminish attitudinal differences towards social care in 34 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1332/251510821X16794159362336},
  year = 2023
}

@article{lyulyov2023macroeconomic,
  abstract = {The ongoing globalisation, recessions, and fluctuations in world development require the acceptance of timely government interventions and decisions to save the country's macroeconomic stability. The literature analysis has confirmed a gap in research on assessing and comparing macroeconomic stability at different levels of development, especially in terms of studies that consider the behavioural (culture and trust) dimensions and the quality of institutions. This paper aimed to empirically assess how the achievement of macroeconomic stability depends on the quality of institutions, increasing society's trust, and cultural diversity. This study investigated post-communist economies among EU countries and Ukraine (as the candidate for EU) over 2005-2020. Pearson correlation, OLS and FGLS, robustness test output, GEE, and stochastic frontier model were applied to achieve the paper's aims. The findings confirmed that countries with high-quality of institutions had a higher value of macroeconomic stability. In addition, social trust positively affected the relationship between the quality of institutions and macroeconomic stability. At the same time, various national cultural dimensions had different effects on macroeconomic stability. The four indicators of Hofstede Insights (power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and indulgence) had a statistically significant impact on macroeconomic stability},
  author = {Lyulyov, Oleksii and Pimonenko, Tetyana and Chen, Yang and Kwilinski, Aleksy},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.14254/2071789X.2023/16-4/13},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {2071-789X},
  journal = {Economics & Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {264-288},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Macroeconomic stability of the country: the nexus of institutional and behavioural dimensions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14254/2071789X.2023/16-4/13},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2023
}

@article{wilkinslaflamme2024religious,
  abstract = {We define two types of religious polarization and investigate the extent to which they are present across European countries, based on data from the 2008 to 2017 European Values Study and hierarchical linear modeling. The first type is polarization by religiosity, with declines in the middle ground between the actively religious and the nonreligious as secularization reaches an advanced stage. The second type is issue polarization, with the religious and secular taking different positions on a range of socio-political values, including social conservatism and ethnic nationalism. We find limited evidence of bimodality in the distribution of religiosity. We find more evidence, however, of issue polarization between the religious and secular in Europe, especially in social conservatism. Religious polarization should thus be understood as a multidimensional concept where one dimension may be more prevalent than others in society.},
  author = {Wilkins-Laflamme, Sarah and Voas, David and Hewlett, Kirstie},
  doi = {10.1093/socrel/srae017},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {10694404},
  journal = {Sociology of Religion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {303–330},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religious Polarization in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srae017},
  volume = 86,
  year = 2025
}

@article{hanc2022secularism,
  abstract = {Today's society is an increasingly secular society. Secularisation implies the eradication of the religious dimension at both individual and social levels. Secularism, however, does not remain an abstract philosophical concept, but one which permeates the entire society. Society is not a morally abstract entity, therefore the conflict between secularism and the Church is inevitable. In this paper we will examine not only how this trend is seen in relation to the Christian Church in general, but also how this relationship takes place in the context of the Christian Church in Romania. Although most of the Romanian society is Orthodox, alongside other Christian churches recognized by the state from (at least nominally) a Christian society. The Romanian Christian Church covers almost the entire Romanian society (the percentage of people outside the Christian sphere is less than 1% of the country's population).In this context, the present research will focus primarily on how, historically speaking, secularization has generally occurred in Western society but also in Romanian society. Secularism is creeping subtly, gradually, and aggressively into Romanian society. Given that secularism is in essence about the removal of God from society and the dissolution of morality, secularism is implicitly one of the greatest challenges of the last three decades for the Romanian Church. In this context it should be stressed that the Christian Church in Romania has often lost ground in this war. Since the Church is the entity meant to provide the moral fibre of society, the war with secularism must be taken into consideration.},
  author = {Hanc, Ovidiu},
  doi = {10.51917/dialogo.2022.9.1.8},
  journal = {Dialogo Journal},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {105-114},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Secularism and the Church: A Case Study on the Church in Romania},
  url = {http://www.dx.doi.org/10.51917/dialogo.2022.9.1.8},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2022
}

@article{grechanaya2023perceptions,
  abstract = {The article covers the study of ideas about gender roles in the context of the problem of gender inequality in European countries based on the data of the international sociological project European Values Study. Despite the changes that have taken place in the world over the past half century in the main areas of society, inequality between men and women is still part of global social inequality and remains an important problem of the modern world. Achieving gender equality in the modern world is recognised as a global priority. The purpose of the article was to compare the ideas of men and women about gender roles in Russia and Europe and to identify the factors influencing these ideas. The paper examines the relationship between respondents’ perceptions of gender roles and gender inequality from the point of view of the gender-role approach, highlights the relationship between these perceptions and the level of gender inequality in various European countries, clarifies the factors influencing the level of patriarchy/egalitarianness of respondents’ perceptions of gender roles. The results of the main international studies of gender inequality are also systematised, the results of the main modern sociological studies of ideas about gender roles are described. The author focuses on the sociological study of the problem, as well as on the quantitative analysis of data. The study shows that in most European countries the level of gender inequality coincides with the level of patriarchal ideas about gender roles. Women in general have more egalitarian ideas about gender roles than men. Higher education, paid work, high levels of qualifications and income increase the likelihood of egalitarian perceptions of gender roles. A high level of churchgoing, the presence of children and a registered marriage increase the likelihood of patriarchal ideas about gender roles.},
  author = {Grechanaya, Anna A.},
  doi = {10.19181/vis.2023.14.2.12},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Vestnik instituta sotziologii},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {212-233},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Представления россиян и европейцев о гендерных ролях в контексте проблемы гендерного неравенства: сравнительный анализ на данных Европейского исследования ценностей (EVS) (Perceptions of Russians and Europeans About Gender Roles in the Context of the Problem of Gender Inequality: A Comparative Analysis on the Data of the European Values Study (EVS))},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.19181/vis.2023.14.2.12},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{hauser2023vertrauen,
  abstract = {Soziales Vertrauen wird zunehmend als wichtige Determinante für Wirtschaftswachstum und sozialen Wohlstand in Regionen und Nationen angesehen. Selbst in einem vergleichsweise homogenen Raum wie Europa gibt es starke subnationale Unterschiede im Grad des allgemeinen Vertrauens. Daher ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, die Triebkräfte regionalen Vertrauens zu identifizieren und die Dynamik seiner Entstehung zu analysieren. Die vorliegende Analyse betrachtet diese Fragen auf der Grundlage von vier Wellen der Europäischen Wertestudie. Es wird nachgewiesen, dass die Werte des regionalen Vertrauens über einen Zeitraum von ca. 30 Jahre stabil sind und nur durch Zufall variieren. Dieses Ergebnis steht im Einklang mit zusätzlichen Analysen, die persistente Faktoren identifizieren, die für die räumliche Verteilung von Vertrauenswerten verantwortlich sind und tief im kulturellen Hintergrund einer Gesellschaft vergraben sind. Soziales Vertrauen scheint daher trotz seiner wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung kurz- bis mittelfristig nicht durch politische Eingriffe zugänglich zu sein.},
  address = {Pölten},
  author = {Hauser, Christoph},
  booktitle = {16. Forschungsforum der österreichischen Fachhochschulen},
  eventdate = {19.04.-10.04.2023},
  eventtitle = {Forschungsforum der österreichischen Fachhochschulen},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro german inproceedings},
  language = {german},
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Vertrauen verbindet: Dynamik und Determinanten von sozialem Vertrauen in europäischen Regionen},
  url = {https://forschungsforum2023.at/},
  venue = {Fachhochschule St. Pölten},
  year = 2023
}

@article{grosfeld2023independent,
  abstract = {Exploring a drastic change in media landscape in Poland, we show that mainstream media can significantly affect religious participation. After nationalist populist party PiS came to power in 2015, news on state and private independent TV diverged due to propaganda on state TV, resulting in a switch of some of its audience to independent TV. Municipalities with access to independent TV continued to follow a long-term secularization trend, while municipalities with access only to state TV experienced a reversal of this trend. An online experiment sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the effect of exposure to independent news on religiosity.},
  author = {Grosfeld, Irena and Madinier, Etienne and Sakalli, Seyhun Orcan and Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina},
  doi = {10.1257/app.20220645},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {361–403},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Independent Media, Propaganda, and Religiosity: Evidence from Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20220645},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2023
}

@article{besley2024trust,
  abstract = {This paper explores the link between trust in government, policymaking and compliance. It focuses on a specific channel whereby citizens who are convinced of the merits of a policy are more motivated to comply with it. This in turn reduces the government’s cost of implementing this policy and may also increase the set of feasible interventions. As a result, state effectiveness is greater when citizens trust their government. The paper discusses alternative approaches to modelling the origins of trust, especially the link to the design of political institutions. We then provide empirical evidence consistent with the model’s findings that compliance is increasing in government trust using the Integrated Values Survey and voluntary compliance during COVID-19 in the UK.},
  author = {Besley, Timothy and Dray, Sacha},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1093/ej/ueae030},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {The Economic Journal},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 662,
  pages = {2225–2251},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Trust and State Effectiveness: The Political Economy of Compliance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueae030},
  volume = 134,
  year = 2024
}

@article{danilov2021youth,
  abstract = {The article considers the transformation of basic values, life plans and behavioral strategies of the youth in contemporary Belarus. The changes in basic values are directly connected with the youth's adaptation to the conditions of global instability. The new generation is sensitive to social injustice, violations of rights and freedoms, unwillingness to take into account their opinions on current issues of social development and the future. The self-perception of people regarding the possibility to realize basic values in the current social-economic conditions is an important factor of social stability. In both 1990 and 2018, family holds the first place among the basic values in Belarus; work takes the second place as a factor of decent life and family's success; the importance of friends and leisure remains the same over the decades, while the importance of politics and religion grows. International comparisons show that Belarus has the same hierarchy of values as European countries. The surveys prove a decrease in popularity of the traditional media among the youth and an increase in individualism, importance of personal self-realization in family and at work, and in reliance on one’s own forces. In the public space, the needs and expectations of people have changed - there is an increase in political radicalization and critical perception of the most important events, which affects the behavioral patterns of social-demographic groups. Education together with the family and new information technologies have a significant impact on values - there is an intragenerational gap, alienation from society and increasing informatization. The article is based on the results of the sociological surveys conducted in the framework of the European Values Study (EVS) (the results of 1990 and 2018 are compared).},
  author = {Danilov, A. N. and Rotman, D. G.},
  doi = {10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-469-481},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {2408-8897},
  journal = {RUDN Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {469-481},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Молодежь современной Беларуси: базовые ценности, жизненные планы и поведенческие стратегии (The youth of contemporary Belarus: Basic values, life plans and behavioral strategies)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-469-481},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2021
}

@article{prati2023relationship,
  abstract = {Research on rural-urban differences in subjective well-being revealed inconsistent findings. I argue that the inconsistencies in the literature may be due to very small effect sizes and nonlinear associations. The aims of the present contribution were twofold: (1) to determine the effect size of the relationship between living in rural-urban areas and subjective well-being; (2) to investigate whether categories of rural-urban areas are nonlinearly related to subjective well-being. The present research used data from 507,452 participants from 115 countries provided by the European Values Study Trend File 1981–2017 and the World Values Survey time-series dataset (1981–2022). Self-reports of satisfaction with life and happiness were used to measure subjective well-being. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis revealed that, after adjusting for important sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, education, employment status, marital status, and income, the relationship between rural-urban place of residence and subjective well-being was statistically significant. However, the magnitude of these associations (i.e., effect size) was very small or even negligible. Moreover, pairwise comparisons of the estimated marginal means for life satisfaction and happiness revealed a pattern of nonlinear relationships. The results of the current research question the practical significance and usefulness of the relationship between rural-urban place of residence alone and subjective well-being.},
  author = {Prati, Gabriele},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/s41042-023-00117-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {23645059},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {27–43},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The Relationship Between Rural-Urban Place of Residence and Subjective Well-Being is Nonlinear and its Substantive Significance is Questionable},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00117-2},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2024
}

@article{berndtrasmussen2023tyranny,
  abstract = {This article sets out to describe and solve two puzzles that emerge in segregated labour markets (e.g. the USA or Sweden). First, in many hiring contexts people profess to adhere to egalitarian norms, and specifically to a qualification norm according to which job qualification should be the basis of employment. Still there is evidence of frequent norm violations (discrimination). Surprisingly, the norm persists and people do not frequently protest against such norm violations. The second puzzle is that people are suspicious of the hiring of minorities, perceiving such hirings as evidence that a ‘political correctness’ norm has replaced the qualification norm. The article proposes that both puzzles can be solved within a game-theoretical model of social norm-following, where implicit bias is introduced into an ‘employment game’. Within this model, implicit bias plays a double role. First, it interferes with employers' hiring decisions regarding ethnic majority and minority members, respectively. This is the standard way of understanding the effects of implicit bias. Second, implicit bias interferes with bystander evaluations of hired candidates' qualifications. This is a hitherto overlooked effect of implicit bias. The article concludes that once we understand the double role of implicit bias, the two puzzles are resolved.},
  author = {Berndt Rasmussen, Katharina and Olsson Yaouzis, Nicolas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1111/japp.12690},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {02643758},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Philosophy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {122-144},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {The Tyranny of Political Correctness? A Game-Theoretic Model of Social Norms and Implicit Bias},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12690},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2024
}

@article{pereiracoutinho2023religiosity,
  abstract = {In the last decade two projects studied religiosity in Portugal and in its capital region, Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). Based on these quantitative projects, this article aims to understand the impact of individualisation, socialisation, and urbanisation on Portuguese religiosity in two ways. First, it analyses the dimensions of religiosity (belonging, practice, and belief) in LMA by age group. Second, it compares religiosity in LMA with religiosity in Portugal overall. The first analysis shows that, although the dimension of belief is more complex, religiosity generally increases with age. This aligns with the development of individualisation and cohort replacement. The second analysis shows that Portugal has higher religiosity than LMA, which may reflect different levels of urbanisation, even though aspects such as religious plurality should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] },
  author = {Pereira Coutinho, José},
  data_doi = {10.4232/1.13629 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.4000/assr.69710},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7570 v2.1.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 201,
  pages = {121-144},
  study-id = {ISSP2018 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religiosity in Lisbon Metropolitan Area by Age Group and Comparing with Portugal},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4000/assr.69710},
  year = 2023
}

@article{langsaether2024women,
  abstract = {We assess gender gaps in attitudes to several important and distinct policy areas, including economic left–right issues, gender equality, immigration, environmentalism and traditional ‘moral issues’. Drawing on comprehensive survey data from 14 established democracies in Western Europe, we document that women have more progressive attitudes than men do on all the five attitudinal dimensions that we consider. These patterns are similar (albeit not identical) across West European countries, despite cross-country differences in political cultures and systems. We also elaborate on potential implications of our findings for other political outcomes of interest, including voting behaviour and the functioning of representative democracy, and point to avenues for future research in detailing the mechanisms that contribute to the observed gender gaps.},
  author = {Langsæther, Peter Egge and Knutsen, Carl Henrik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1177/01925121241280069},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1460-373X},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {442-453},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Are women more progressive than men? Attitudinal gender gaps in West European democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121241280069},
  volume = 46,
  year = 2024
}

@article{anna2022rtkek,
  abstract = {Az elmúlt évtizedekben a család intézménye Európában mindenütt jelentős változásokon ment keresztül. Napjainkra a hagyományos családi szerepek és családstruktúrák átalakultak, s újonnan létrejött családformák terjedtek el. Ezzel párhuzamosan tanúi lehetünk a gyermekvállalással, házasságkötéssel kapcsolatos attitűdök megváltozásának. A folyamatosan változó körülmények ellenére a családot mindmáig az egyik legfontosabb értéknek tartják az európai társadalmakban. Ugyanakkor a European Values Study 2017-es kutatási eredményei rávilágítanak arra, hogy jelentős eltérések mutatkoznak meg az európai országok között a családhoz kapcsolt értékek, meggyőződések, preferenciák, attitűdök és vélemények vonatkozásában. Megfigyelhető, hogy Észak- és Nyugat-Európa országainak többségét szinte minden esetben elfogadóbb álláspont jellemzi, legyen szó a házasságkötés felbontásáról, vagy éppen az édesanyák munkavállalásáról. Ezzel szemben Európa déli és keleti országaiban erős a tradicionális értékekhez, a hagyományos férfi-női szerepekhez való ragaszkodás.},
  author = {Anna, Pátkainé Bende},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Kiss-Kozma Georgina-Székely Levente},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {3-4},
  pages = {13-22},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Értékek, attitűdök és vélemények a családról a European Values Study 2017-es eredményeinek tükrében},
  url = {https://epa.oszk.hu/02900/02943/00090/pdf/EPA02943_kapocs_2022_3-4_013-022.pdf},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2022
}

@article{nakai2024nationalism,
  abstract = {This study examines the relationship between environmentalism and nationalism, including eco-nationalism, from comparative empirical survey studies. This study uses the Integrated Value Survey dataset, comprising approximately 240,000 respondents from 100 countries since 2010, to explore nationalism and pro-environmental attitudes among public opinion across various countries. From a global perspective, a positive correlation between national pride or national identity and environmentalism is observed among many countries, whereas in a few regions, namely, certain parts of Western Europe and North America, both sentiments exhibit a negative correlation. Further regression analysis indicates that eco-nationalism and green nationalism tend to emerge in less economically developed countries but are not affected by the degree of democracy, resource rent and level of globalisation. This study demonstrates that the link between environmentalism and nationalism is not definitive but contextual, and it clarifies the context that defines it through empirical international comparisons.},
  author = {Nakai, Ryo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1111/nana.13018},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1469-8129},
  journal = {Nations and Nationalism},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {128-145},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Nationalism and environmentalism from the global perspective: A comparative survey analysis of eco-nationalism},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.13018},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{billiet2023belgium,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Billiet, Jaak and Abts, Koen},
  booktitle = {Religious Voting in Western Democracies},
  editor = {Montero, José Ramón and Segatti, Paolo and Calvo, Kerman},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {270-301},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Belgium: Changes in Church involvement, pillar organizations and voting},
  year = 2023
}

@article{menkhoff2023fremde,
  abstract = {Die Länder der Welt bedürfen der Kooperation, um globale Probleme zu lösen. Zudem hat Deutschland als stark außenwirtschaftlich orientiertes Land ein besonderes Interesse an weltweiter Zusammenarbeit. Die weltweit akzeptierten Menschenrechte scheinen dafür eine gute Grundlage zu sein, doch bei genauerer Betrachtung ist der Bereich weltweit geteilter Werte viel kleiner. Vor allem liegt Deutschland mit seinen Wertvorstellungen nicht etwa im Schwerpunkt der Welt, sondern eher am Rand. Dies zieht sich durch zahlreiche einzelne Werte und zeigt sich folglich auch bei aggregierten Analysen. Die Zahl der echten Wertepartner außerhalb Europas ist klein.},
  author = {Menkhoff, Lukas},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.2478/wd-2023-0154},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Wirtschaftsdienst},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 8,
  pages = {546-552},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Fremde Welt: Nur eine Minderheit teilt Deutschlands „Werte “},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/wd-2023-0154},
  volume = 103,
  year = 2023
}

@article{coron2023strotypes,
  abstract = {Gender stereotypes are most often represented in the form of a one-dimensional scale, ranging from a traditional view to an egalitarian view, which does not adequately reflect the complexity of the corpus of representations on gender. Using the 2017 European Values Study, which has a breadth of indicators describing countries in terms of equality between women and men, the contribution of this article is twofold. First of all, it shows that gender stereotypes relating to the separation between the private and professional spheres can be represented in two dimensions, one corresponding to an overall adherence to these stereotypes and therefore pertaining to the dominant approach in the literature, and the other corresponding to an adherence to stereotypes relating to the role of the mother in particular. Then, the article estimates the individual and national factors that determine adherence to those two dimensions and shows that the differences between countries are smaller in the second dimension.},
  author = {Coron, Clotilde},
  doi = {10.24187/ecostat.2023.541.2106},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Economie et Statistique},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  pages = {35-56},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Les stéréotypes de genre en Europe (Gender Stereotypes in Europe)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2023.541.2106},
  volume = 541,
  year = 2023
}

@article{luo2023mechanism,
  abstract = {Digital Financial Inclusion (DIF) gains growing momentum as digitalization accelerates and financial technologies burgeon in recent years. This study finds some causes of DIF's impact on economic growth with multiple linear regression analyses under mediating variables. Based on data from seven global countries from 2011-2021, the empirical result finds that innovation, coverage, literacy, and attitude play essential roles in driving economic growth in DIF, respectively, and cooperatively. Future implications derived from the results are that policymakers should incentivize investments in R&D, network infrastructure, financial education programs, and financial awareness campaigns, enhance consumer protection against malpractice and fraud, and foster trust by strengthening regulations on corporate responsibility.},
  author = {Luo, Yawen},
  doi = {10.56028/aemr.5.1.379.2023},
  issn = {27901661},
  journal = {Advances in Economics and Management Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {379-392},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Mechanism of DIF’s Effect on Economic Growth: Evidence from Seven Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.56028/aemr.5.1.379.2023},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2023
}

@article{buchmayr2023milieukoalition,
  abstract = {"Obwohl in den letzten Jahren viel zu den Charakteristika des AfD-Elektorats geforscht wurde, gibt es bisher nur wenige Erkenntnisse darüber, inwiefern unterschiedliche soziale Gruppen und Milieus aus jeweils unterschiedlichen Motiven zur AfD neigen. Da es der AfD erfolgreich gelingt, sowohl Angehörige der Arbeiterklasse als auch Teile der Mittelklasse für sich zu mobilisieren, stellt sich die Frage, wie diese Koalition an AfD-Sympathisantinnen aus unterschiedlichen Klassenlagen zustande kommt und erklärt werden kann. In dem Beitrag wird mit Daten des ALLBUS 2018 untersucht, inwiefern sich die AfD-freundlichen Milieus innerhalb der Arbeiter- und der Mittelklasse in ihren Einstellungsprofilen zu vier politischen Konfliktdimensionen (Umverteilung, Migration, individuelle Freiheitsrechte und Leistungsethos) sowohl vom nicht-AfD-affinen Teil ihrer jeweiligen Klasse als auch voneinander unterscheiden. Anhand von Regressions- und Clusteranalysen kann gezeigt werden, dass der mit der AfD sympathisierende Teil der Arbeiterklasse ein national-solidarisches Weltbild aufweist und Gleichheitsansprüche einfordert, während in dem mit der AfD sympathisierenden Teil der Mittelklasse regressive Normalitätsvorstellungen vorherrschen und die AfD als Verteidigerin bestehender Hierarchien und Privilegien angesehen wird. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wird abschließend diskutiert, wie es der AfD gelingt, durch eine Anrufung dieser Einstellungsmuster Milieus mit divergierenden ökonomischen Interessen für sich zu mobilisieren." Die Daten des ALLBUS aus dem Jahr 2018 werden in diesem Beitrag als Hauptdatensatz verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 38. Fassung, Dezember 2023},
  author = {Buchmayr, Florian},
  availability = {22.12.2023},
  doi = {10.1007/s11609-023-00507-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Berliner Journal für Soziologie},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 4,
  pages = {423-451},
  study = {ALLBUS2018},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Die Milieukoalition des Rechtspopulismus. Kombinationen politischer Einstellungen innerhalb des potenziellen Elektorats der AfD},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11609-023-00507-y},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2023
}

@article{ortikov2023preferences,
  abstract = {Although economic growth is always one of the priorities for a country, an ever-growing economy is unsustainable in the long run. Environment protection, public participation in decision-making, and, nowadays, even strong defense forces gain increasing importance for country sustainability. The paper studies trade-offs between national goals as impacted by the population values and attitudes in the post-soviet region. We study a representative dataset from eleven countries (N=20006, age 18+, M ± SD: 46,04 ± 17,07; 58% women, 46,8% upper education). Two indicators are utilized to determine the preferences for economic growth – the growth as the most important priority (the other three being military spending, public participation in social life, and aesthetics of city and countryside) and economic growth at the expense of environmental protection. Methodologically, we rely on correlations and confidence intervals for mean values (95%) analyses to study the associations and the country differences in preferences for economic growth. The results suggest that (1) post-Soviet countries are largely heterogeneous in their preference for economic growth as compared to other priorities, and geographically close countries may have opposing attitudes, and (2) the country-level correlations of the two indicators of preferences for economic growth produced opposite statistically significant correlations in different countries.},
  author = {Ortikov, Akhmadjon and Čábelková, Inna and Rotterova, Svitlana and Zhytna, Olesya and Smutka, Luboš},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13714; 10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.14254/2071-789X.2023/16-1/15},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7539 v1.0.0 ; ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {2071-789X},
  journal = {Economics and Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {229-258},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {The preferences for economic growth in the post-Soviet countries. A multicounty study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2023/16-1/15},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2023
}

@article{hoffmannlange2024global,
  abstract = {This article analyzes the global development of democracy since the 1990s. The theoretical introduction is followed by a descriptive analysis of several indices of political support based on survey results for 89 countries that participated at least twice in the World Values Survey (WVS) or the European Value Study (EVS). The analysis focuses on emancipative value orientations measured by Welzel's Choice Index and several indicators of political support. The scores of these indicators are broken down by five regime types and seven world regions. The results confirm that the global decline of democratic quality since the mid-2000s has not been as dramatic as the pessimistic analyses of Freedom House and the V-Dem project have claimed. It has primarily taken place in a limited number of populous countries on which these publications have focused. When countries are treated equally, the quality of democracy has remained remarkably stable since the early 1990s. Emancipative values are globally on the rise, but their increase has been considerably higher in the established democracies. This supports the skeptical argument by Foa et al. (2022) that they cannot be considered as the major cause of the third wave of democratization.The descriptive analysis is complemented by regression analyses for confidence in regime institutions and support for democracy as dependent variables. The evaluation of democratic regime performance is the strongest predictor of confidence in regime institutions. An intrinsic conception of democracy and the importance assigned to living in a democracy have the strongest influence on support for democracy. Emancipative value orientations have a minor influence on political support even in consolidated democracies. Finally, the analysis does not confirm the suspected relationship between the different levels of political support. Easton's theory of political support assumed that they mutually influence each other via a generalization of experiences or an overflow of values. Instead, it seems that confidence in regime institutions and support for democracy follow different cognitive logics.},
  author = {Hoffmann-Lange, Ursula},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2024.1323464},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Global Development of Value Orientations, Political Support and Democracy since the 1990s},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1323464},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2024
}

@article{roberts2024three,
  abstract = {Some versions of secularization theory propose that existential security, education, and urbanicity exert directly measurable negative effects on religiosity cross-culturally. However, few studies have tested this using longitudinal data. Nor have researchers adequately examined how much the relationship between these modern social conditions (MSCs) and religiosity varies society-to-society. This study addresses these limitations in a series of new analyses, using 1989–2020 World/European Values Survey data from approximately 100 countries. Results suggest that the three MSCs do not exert independent, negative effects on religiosity in general, at least not in the short or medium term. Indeed, national-average increases in these MSCs were not found to predict decreased religiosity. And, interestingly and unexpectedly, the direction of individual-level relationships between each MSC and religiosity varied greatly between countries and world regions. These findings suggest scholars should probably look elsewhere to explain why average religiosity has decreased in some world locations over recent decades.},
  author = {Roberts, Louisa L.},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12932},
  issn = {00218294},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {888-916},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Do the Three Modern Social Conditions -High Existential Security, Education, and Urbanicity -Really Make People Less Religious? A Worldwide Analysis, 1989–2020},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12932},
  volume = 63,
  year = 2024
}

@book{oliveira2023estatsticas,
  abstract = {Nas últimas décadas a maioria dos Estados-membros da União Europeia viu aumentar a sua imigração e, com esse incremento, reforçaram-se inúmeras perceções e representações sociais acerca dos imigrantes. Em Portugal, nos últimos vinte anos, o Observatório das Migrações tem assumido como prioridade aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as populações imigrantes, desconstruindo mitos e estereótipos que possam ser veiculados na sociedade portuguesa com factos científicos e a análise de dados e indicadores estatísticos disponíveis. Seguindo o mote de "conhecer mais para agir melhor", o Observatório das Migrações volta a disponibilizar factos com sustentação estatística que apoiam o conhecimento mais rigoroso da imigração e da integração dos imigrantes em Portugal. Com esta terceira edição atualizada das "Estatísticas de Bolso da Imigração" o Observatório das Migrações - reforçando a sua Coleção Imigração em Números criada em 2014 com coordenação científica e autoria de Catarina Reis de Oliveira -, procura responder a inúmeras das solicitações de diferentes profissionais que procuram um conhecimento rigoroso e factual da imigração em Portugal.},
  address = {Lisbon},
  author = {Oliveira, Catarina Reis},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9789896851330},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Observatório das Migrações, ACM, I.P},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Estatísticas de Bolso da Imigração},
  url = {https://www.om.acm.gov.pt/documents/58428/179573/Estat%C3%ADsticas+de+Bolso+da+Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+2023_CRO_online.pdf/54dae394-0343-444b-809c-c1b6bd3a2433},
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{nesterov2023place,
  abstract = {The purpose of the article is to determine the place of socio-demographic (family, marriage, having children) factors in the influence of religiosity on subjective well-being. A review of the literature and views of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of psychology, sociology and philosophy on the understanding of the terms «subjective well-being», «life satisfaction» and «happiness» is conducted. To achieve the purpose of the study, two groups of factors (religious and social) affecting subjective well-being were analyzed. As part of the study, a regression analysis of data from the European Values Survey for 2017 (the last round) was carried out. The results of the study indicate the presence of a positive influence of the components of religiosity on subjective well-being. It was determined that marriage, family and having children positively affect the level of life satisfaction and happiness in any combination of variables in the regression analysis.},
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Nesterov, R.S.},
  booktitle = {Теология В Современном Образовательном И Научном Пространстве. Семья Как Ценность В Религиозных Традициях Современного Мира},
  editor = {Filippowa, V.M.},
  eventdate = {29.11.2022},
  eventtitle = {Материалы III Международного симпозиума},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro inproceedings other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {402-427},
  publisher = {РУДН},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Место Семьи, Детей И Брака Во Влиянии Религиозности На Субъективное Благополучие (на Примере Европейского Исследования Ценностей 2017 Г.) (The Place of Family, Children and Marriage in the Influence of Religiosity on Subjective Well-Being (Using the Example of the European Values Study 2017))},
  url = {https://unisop.rudn.ru/Doc/%D0%A1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F.pdf#page=402},
  venue = {Moscow},
  year = 2023
}

@article{sun2023immigrants,
  abstract = {Research often finds that immigrants tend to have a different profile from locals regarding confidence in the government. Both the origin's and destination's institutional features can influence immigrants' confidence. Scholars have relied on three major models—the cultural-persistence model, the performance model, and the dual-reference model—to explain the possible mechanisms behind this difference. Our research builds on previous studies by expanding the country coverage to explore the heterogeneity in immigrants' confidence. Specifically, we focus on how the level of democracy as an institutional factor is associated with immigrants' confidence. Using integrated datasets from the World Value Survey (WVS, 2017–21) and the European Value Study (EVS, 2017–20) and employing a multilevel model, we confirm that immigrants, on average, tend to have a higher level of confidence in the government. However, their confidence is contingent on institutional performance. In countries with high levels of democracy, the disparity in confidence between immigrants and locals becomes more pronounced. Moreover, the institutional performance in the origin country also influences immigrants' confidence in the government of the destination country. Immigrants constantly compare the institutional performance between the two places. Compared to immigrants from countries with a high level of democracy, immigrants from countries with a lower level of democracy tend to have higher confidence in the destination government. Our results provide support for all three major theoretical models.},
  author = {Sun, Skylar Biyang and Zhao, Xiaohang and Liu, Mengran and Qiu, Xinru},
  doi = {10.1111/pops.12946},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {1467-9221},
  journal = {Political Psychology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {727-751},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Immigrants as natural supporters? Cross-nation analysis with a multilevel mixed-effects model},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12946},
  volume = 45,
  year = 2024
}

@article{zumbrunn2023geography,
  abstract = {There is growing concern about a political divide between urban and rural places. Against this background, we evaluate the geography of regime preferences regarding a key aspect of democratic support, e.g. attitudes towards democracy and its authoritarian alternatives. We would like to find out whether possible rural-urban differences are due to different socio-economic situations, differing values or to the degree of political discontent of urbanites and rural dwellers. Using recent European Values Survey data from 32 European countries and over 30,000 respondents from 2017 to 2020, we show that rural residents are more supportive of authoritarian regimes than urban dwellers are. Moreover, our path analyses indicate that socio-economic and cultural differences between urbanites and ruralites are particularly crucial, while the political mechanisms cannot explain the spatial divide of regime preferences.},
  author = {Zumbrunn, Alina and Freitag, Markus},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2023.2171995},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {13510347},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {616-634},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The geography of autocracy. Regime preferences along the rural-urban divide in 32 countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2023.2171995},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2023
}

@article{coman2023improving,
  abstract = {The public administration and the services it offers have an important role in the lives of citizens. The purpose of this research was to identify the factors that influence citizens&rsquo; perception of community public services in order to improve and make them more efficient. In order to conduct the research we used a mixed-method approach. In the context of the quantitative analysis, the sample comprises 798 beneficiaries of public services from Bra&#537;ov County. In the context of the qualitative analysis, the sample comprises directors of institutions that offer public services in Romania and people with decision-making roles at the level of Bra&#537;ov County. The results revealed that the citizens of Bra&#537;ov County have a positive opinion about public services, and that factors such as age, living environment and income influence their level of satisfaction with these services. Furthermore, the results of the qualitative analysis offered information about the measures that could be implemented in order to improve the public services. Given that the main measure mentioned by the respondents refers to digitization, we argue that digitization might be the key element in maintaining the sustainability of public services and in increasing people&rsquo;s satisfaction with them.},
  author = {Coman, Claudiu and Netedu, Adrian and Damean, Sorin L. and Toderici, Ovidiu F. and Briciu, Victor A. and Pascu, Mihai L. and Bularca, Maria C.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.3390/su15010816},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  issn = {20711050},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-43},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Improving the Quality of Community Public Services-Case Study: General Directorate of Personal Records, Brașov},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010816},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2023
}

@article{brini2022gender,
  abstract = {The relative importance of a cultural component in the gender division of unpaid labour is still debated. OBJECTIVE: Drawing on the epidemiological approach to the study of culture, we investigate the cultural component of gender inequality by examining whether gender asymmetries in housework and childcare in families with a migrant background relate to gender equity in the country of origin. METHODS: Through multilevel models based on microlevel data (Istat SCIF survey), we examine the extent to which the division of household labour between immigrant partners living in Italy relates to gender equity in their origin country, proxied by the Global Gender Gap Index. We further analyse the changing importance of gender equity in the country of origin at different lengths of stay in the destination country. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrants from more (less) gender-equal countries display greater (lower) equality in the division of routine housework and childcare activities. However, gender equity in the origin country loses its importance for couples living in the destination country for a longer time. These findings point to a significant contribution of culture of origin to gender inequality in the intra-couple division of unpaid labour. Yet nonnegligible differences exist between specific housework and childcare tasks and depending on the time spent in the hosting country. CONTRIBUTION: Our study contributes to the literature on gender inequalities by providing new evidence on the relationship between culture of origin and the division of specific housework and childcare tasks in families with a migrant background.},
  author = {Brini, Elisa and Zamberlan, Anna and Barbieri, Paolo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {14359871 23637064},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {577-614},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The gender division of domestic work among migrants in Italy},
  url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/48708290},
  volume = 47,
  year = 2022
}

@article{casarico2023behind,
  abstract = {We study the short- and long-run effects of having a child on labour market outcomes of mothers compared to non-mothers. Using matched employer-employee data for Italy over 1985–2018, through an event study methodology around childbirth, we show that the long-run child penalty in annual earnings is 52 log points and the penalty largely depends on the reduction in weeks worked by mothers. We then investigate sorting of women with and without children across different types of firms, providing evidence that mothers work in firms with lower productivity, sales, capital and wages after childbirth. Differences in rent-sharing between mothers and non-mothers explain 11.3% of the long-run child penalty in weekly wages, mostly due to between-firm components. Finally, we explore the individual-level, firm-level, and cultural factors that influence the size of child penalties. We find that the child penalty is higher for young, low-wage mothers and those taking longer leaves. It is larger in small firms with less generous pay and worse peers, and in more gender-conservative regions.},
  author = {Casarico, Alessandra and Lattanzio, Salvatore},
  doi = {10.1007/s00148-023-00937-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {14321475},
  journal = {Journal of Population Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1489-1511},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Behind the child penalty: understanding what contributes to the labour market costs of motherhood},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00937-1},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dauksaite2023ekonomini,
  abstract = {This article uses Inglehart’s theory of materialist–post-materialist value change to analyse the values of the first post-communist generation (born in 1991–2000) in 24 post-communist countries. The analysis of the data from the World and European Values Surveys of 1990–1993, 1999–2004, 2008–2014 and 2017–2022 waves leads to the conclusion that in the majority of post-communist countries, post-materialist values have become stronger in the first post-communist generation compared to those of older generations. This trend is particularly pronounced in the economically strong post-communist countries, but is also observed in the economically deprived ones. Only six countries show a statistically significant correlation between the importance of religion in people’s lives and materialistic–post-materialistic values in the first post-communist generation. The study also revealed that post-materialist values are more widespread in countries dominated by the Roman Catholic faith than in Orthodox and Islam-dominated countries in the first post-communist generation.},
  author = {Daukšaitė, Laura},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4Priedas.Special-Issue.7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {2424-4546},
  journal = {Filosofija. Sociologija},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {76-91},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Ekonominių ir religinių veiksnių įtaka  postmaterialistinių vertybių sklaidai  pirmojoje pokomunistinėje kartoje:  lyginamoji 24 šalių analizė (The Impact of Economic and Religious Factors on the Spread of Post-materialist Values in the First Post- communist Generation: A Comparative Analysis of 24 Countries)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.2023.34.4Priedas.Special-Issue.7},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2023
}

@article{roberts2023exceptional,
  abstract = {Research shows most Western societies became less religious over recent decades. But we know much less about the rest of the world. Is the non-Western world also becoming less religious, as some varieties of secularization theory would lead us to expect? Using 1981-to-2020 World/European Values Survey data from 103 countries, this study describes, and uses mixed-effects models to rigorously estimate, religious trends in eight world regions and five former Soviet and Eastern Bloc (FSEB) subregions. Results indicate that religious decline occurred in Latin America, Central and Baltic Europe, and (recently) in the Mideast and North Africa. But there is little evidence of such decline elsewhere in Asia, Africa, or the FSEB—despite the broad reach of many modernizing social trends. These findings do not lend support to a strong version of secularization theory but may be consistent with some versions of the idea that modernization can make people less religious.},
  author = {Roberts, Louisa L.},
  doi = {10.1111/jssr.12860},
  issn = {00218294},
  journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {648-671},
  study = {WVS/EVS1981-2020},
  title = {How Exceptional Is the West? An Investigation of Worldwide Trends in Societal-Average Levels of Religiosity, 1981–2020},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12860},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2023
}

@article{jaeger2024prejudice,
  abstract = {People who are prejudiced against one social group also tend to be prejudiced against other social groups, that is, they show generalized prejudice. Many scholars have noted parallels between the devaluation and exploitation of certain human groups (e.g., racism, sexism, and other forms of prejudice) and the treatment of non-human animals (often referred to as speciesism), suggesting that generalized prejudice may even extend across species lines. I tested this hypothesis using panel data with large and demographically diverse participant samples and different operationalizations of the devaluation of humans and animals. Study 1 (56,759 participants from 46 European countries) revealed a positive association between human-directed prejudice and human supremacy beliefs and this association was still observed when controlling for various socio-demographic factors (e.g., gender, educational attainment, religiosity, political orientation). Study 2 (1,566 Dutch participants) revealed positive associations between human-directed prejudice and a host of attitudes, beliefs, emotional responses, and behaviors related to meat consumption. For the majority of tests, this positive association was still observed when controlling for socio-demographic factors. Thus, both studies suggest that people who devalue human groups also tend to devalue the welfare and interests of animals. The current findings support recent theorizing on the common psychological roots of human-directed and animal-directed prejudice and attest to the generality of generalized prejudice.},
  author = {Jaeger, Bastian},
  doi = {10.5964/phair.13941},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {27506649},
  journal = {Psychology of Human-Animal Intergroup Relations},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Prejudice Across Species Lines: Testing for a Link Between the Devaluation of Humans and Non-Human Animals},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5964/phair.13941},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2024
}

@article{fradua2023asuncin,
  abstract = {This article asks whether attitudes towards the moral obligation to care for parents is a gender issue that is generalisable to all European countries, or whether different models of the welfare state and provision of assistance to older people are factors that modify the views of informal carers. To this end, the article analyses the European Values Study as applied to five countries which, according to previous correspondence, represent different cultural models: Norway, Germany, Russia, Italy and Spain. The article provides an analysis of each of these countries in order to identify the impact of sociodemographic variables (sex and living together with parents), as well as a comparative analysis aimed at identifying differences and similarities among different models of welfare (Scandinavian, former communist, Central European and familialist). The aim is to determine whether the associated factors have an individual character, with a strong gender impact, or rather a cultural character, with the welfare model providing a strong associated impact. The analysis reveals that in the case of opinions gathered in different European countries, the model of welfare appears as the most influential associated factor. Similarly, it can be said that despite the existence of strongly familialist welfare models in southern Europe, Spain moves towards a greater resemblance to central European countries on this issue.},
  author = {Fradua, Iratxe Aristegui and Marañón, Usue Beloki and Cabrera, María Silvestre},
  doi = {10.5565/rev/papers.3170},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Papers},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {La asunción moral del cuidado de los progenitores: ¿una cuestión de género? (The Moral Assumption of Care for Parents: A Gender Issue?)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.3170},
  volume = 108,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{tiberj2024france,
  abstract = {The place left to citizens in modern democracies is still an ongoing debate. Do they participate and how in France is the topic of this article. Some scholars point out the declining level of turnout and consider that representative democracy is under pressure. Other argue that citizens participate differently through protest. In this article, we investigate how participation has evolved since the 1980’s and demonstrate the major impact of generational replacement in these matters We demonstrate how the participation repertoire evolve between citizens born before World War 2, Baby-Boomers and Post-Baby-Boomers and how these transformations interact with social inequalities, particularly among the recent cohorts.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Tiberj, Vincent},
  booktitle = {Investigating Forty Years of French Politics Through Value Changes},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_4},
  editor = {Belot, Céline and Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 ; ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783031469589},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {39-57},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990  ;  EVS1999 ;  EVS2008 ;  EVS2017},
  title = {How France participates? The impact of generational renewal on political participation (1981–2018)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_4},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{adema2023overview,
  abstract = {Norway has experienced a sharp drop in births since 2009 and total fertility rates fell below the OECD average in 2017. With no immediately obvious individual drivers for the decline, the fall in Norwegian fertility remains a puzzle with incomplete answers. Drawing on the detail in the subsequent chapters, this first chapter outlines change in the economy, society, labour market and family policy environment, which may have affected family formation in Norway. It also assesses which policies might help Norway to sustain fertility rates and how demographic trends may pressurise economic and fiscal sustainability in Norway.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Adema, Willem and Fluchtmann, Jonas},
  booktitle = {Exploring Norway's Fertility, Work, and Family Policy Trends},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1787/4e94be66-en},
  editor = {{OECD}},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {10-33},
  publisher = {OECD Publishing},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Overview: Facing a future with demographic change in Norway},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1787/4e94be66-en},
  year = 2023
}

@article{lapatinas2024relationship,
  abstract = {Gender norms, encompassing social and cultural attitudes that dictate suitable behaviors for women and men, are pivotal in shaping societal dynamics. This paper explores the intricate relationship between knowledge accumulation, as reflected in a nation’s economic complexity, and its gender norms. Drawing on the revealed preferences of a substantial cohort, totaling 64,954 individuals from up to 49 countries, and their respective countries’ economic complexity indices, we uncover a non-trivial relationship. At lower levels of economic complexity, there exists an inverse correlation between less rigid gender norms and technological sophistication. This suggests that the initial stages of knowledge accumulation coincide with inflexible gender norms, particularly regarding women’s roles within households. However, as economic complexity surpasses a certain threshold, this correlation reverses. Further knowledge accumulation aligns with more adaptable gender norms, indicating a shift towards less rigidity, especially concerning women’s roles in the public sphere. These findings underline the connection between economic development and shifting gender norms. Notably, while economic complexity catalyzes a transition towards less rigid norms regarding women’s household roles at lower stages, it is only at a certain threshold that significant changes in norms pertaining to women’s public roles become evident. This study contributes to understanding the evolution of gender norms in the context of economic development. By shedding light on the intricate dynamics between knowledge accumulation and gender norms, it emphasizes the significance of considering socioeconomic factors in addressing gender norms. Findings have implications for policymakers and stakeholders offering valuable insights into the mechanisms driving societal change.},
  author = {Lapatinas, Athanasios and Litina, Anastasia and Zanaj, Skerdilajda},
  doi = {10.1057/s41599-024-03035-z},
  issn = {2662-9992},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 608,
  pages = {1-11},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The relationship between knowledge accumulation and gender norms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03035-z},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2024
}

@article{scherer2023formal,
  abstract = {This study aims at examining the fertility impact of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services for children under three in Italy. ECEC is a social investment-oriented family policy that might have more beneficial effects on fertility than passive support in terms of transfers. We first present a systematic review of studies regarding the impact of ECEC on fertility in high-income countries and then provide an empirical analysis for Italy, a country with lowest-low fertility rates and a welfare system that has traditionally provided limited support to families, especially through ECEC. We combine micro-level data from the Labour Force Survey for Italy from years 2003–2020 with information on regional indicators of public childcare and private childcare. The study employs within-region variation in ECEC over time to assess its effects on the transition to parenthood and parity progression for different groups of women and men. The present contribution indicates that both public and private childcare services have limited but positive short-term effects on fertility behaviour in Italy, contingent on specific socio-demographic groups. We discuss the possible reasons for the constrained effect of childcare on fertility and emphasise the necessity for more substantial and concerted interventions in Italy’s family policies if the aim is to invert demographic trends of lowest fertility and population-ageing.},
  author = {Scherer, Stefani and Pavolini, Emmanuele and Brini, Elisa},
  doi = {10.1186/s41118-023-00208-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {20355556},
  journal = {Genus},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-32},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Formal childcare services and fertility: the case of Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-023-00208-7},
  volume = 79,
  year = 2023
}

@article{guo2024effects,
  abstract = {Social welfare attitudes are often considered to be the individual's perceptions of government-dominated welfare provision behavior, which are generally considered to be influenced by self-interest and ideology. International comparative analysis of welfare attitudes has long been lacking in developing countries. Using EVS/WVS 2017–2021 dataset, this study includes China with Germany, the United States in a comparative analysis framework to explore whether there are welfare regimes differences in the impact of self-interest and ideological factors on welfare attitudes. Through testing the impact of social class and egalitarianism on welfare attitudes, this study concluded that both of them are supported in Germany, the United States and China. People's perceptions of self-perceived social class and fairness are two significant variables correlated with attitudes toward social welfare. The perceptions of fairness played a mediating role between self-interest and welfare attitudes, which are strongest in the United States and weakest in China. Through measuring the uniqueness of social welfare attitudes in a country with a large social welfare scale like China in an international comparative framework, this study proposes that international comparative studies ofwelfare attitudes should gradually develop a broad research perspective that encompasses developing countries.},
  author = {Guo, Jie and Hao, Yitong and Ling, Wenhao},
  doi = {10.1016/j.iref.2023.09.009},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {10590560},
  journal = {International Review of Economics & Finance},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1529-1538},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {The effects of social class on social welfare attitudes A mediating role of fairness perceptions - Evidence from two welfare states and China},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2023.09.009},
  volume = 89,
  year = 2024
}

@article{horatiu2023examining,
  abstract = {Social solidarity is increasingly under scrutiny in the contemporary world. Modern phenomena such as individualization, globalization, and migration have sparked inquiries into the dynamics and transformations of solidarity. Within this context, our study seeks to address one dimension of solidarity: the actions that embody it. We embark on a two-fold mission. On the one hand, we delve into the characteristics of the people engaging in solidarity actions. On the other hand, we compare results regarding acts of solidarity in Romania across different time frames. Our analysis mainly draws from the data collected through the European Values Survey in 2018. Comparisons are made with results from previous analyses and data from the 2012 World Values Survey. To accomplish these ends, we rely on both descriptive and multivariate analyses. Results suggest that approximately two-thirds of Romanians engage in solidarity actions. The likelihood of involving in solidarity actions is mainly influenced by age, religious behaviour, individualization, membership in associations, and recent volunteering behaviour.},
  author = {Horațiu, Rusu and Anca, Bejenaru},
  doi = {10.2478/scr-2022-0002},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {2068-8016},
  journal = {Social Change Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {162-180},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Examining Traits of Engagement in Solidarity Actions in Romania: An Analysis of Findings from Social Values Studies with a Comparative Emphasis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/scr-2022-0002},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2023
}

@article{pusztai2011schools,
  abstract = {The relationship between religiosity and educational attainment is an important question in the sociology of religion literature. It is widely contested whether the natural outgrowth of the spreading rational worldview and the increase of educated people can account for the decline of religious adherence. Is there any other explanation for the different opportunities of religious and non-religious societal groups to obtaining the highest educational level? After the political transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, one of the most important challenges of restructuring the educational system was how different cultural groups would be able to infuse their own spirituality into their children's education after the domination of the totalitarian ideology. The Hungarian case is unique because of the mixed confessional landscape, the populous Hungarian minority outside the border, the alternating hard and soft periods of religious harassment. Recently, more than half of the Hungarian population can be described as religious in their own way, one sixth strongly affiliated with churches, and another sixth are atheists. However, several studies showed that basic indicators of social status were very strongly and negatively interrelated with religiosity. It turned out that preferred educational views, values, approaches and priorities regarding the norms at schools differ very sharply according to the religious views, and belonging to a religious network significantly supports educational careers. This paper is a comprehensive review of research on the educational functions of denominational schools and religious communities in contemporary Hungary.},
  author = {Pusztai, Gabriella},
  doi = {10.3390/rel2030372},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {372-388},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Schools and Communities of Norm-awareness},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel2030372},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2011
}

@article{radu2023youth,
  abstract = {This research focuses on the role played by youth religious organizations in the shaping of young people’s social capital in Romania. Based on a series of interviews and focus groups with young people engaged in religious organizations and the leaders of those organizations, we find that youth religious socialization is an important process in creating or reinforcing social and political values, and thus, it may be conducive to social capital. Although nuanced comparisons across denominations are difficult to make due to the unavailability of data, a distinction seems to appear between Orthodox and Catholic religiously active youth. For example, while young people in Catholic organizations are encouraged to forge relationships with people outside their organizations (bridging social capital), those belonging to Orthodox groups tend to keep to themselves, and, at times, even employ a strict access policy for newcomers wanting to join (bonding social capital). Conclusions suggest the need to approach the effects of youth religious socialization in a nuanced way},
  author = {Radu, Bogdan Mihai and Angi, Daniela},
  doi = {10.33896/SPolit.2023.70.4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Studia Analizy },
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {80-102},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Youth Religious Socialization and Social Capital. A Case Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33896/SPolit.2023.70.4},
  volume = 70,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{kirbis2024democracy,
  abstract = {Concerns about the “crisis of democracy” in late modern societies are driven by observable trends in citizens’ attitudes and behaviors (Crozier et al., 1975; Bromley et al., 2004; Macedo et al., 2005; Petring & Merkel, 2012; Wagenaar, 2015). Citizen participation—activities by which citizens exercise their influence on decisions affecting life in their political community (Kaase & Marsh, 1979; Macedo et al., 2005; Zukin et al., 2006)—has been declining since the last several decades. This decline encompasses voter turnout, party membership, and membership in voluntary organizations, as evidenced by numerous studies (Abramson & Aldrich, 1982; Katz et al., 1992; Rosenstone & Hansen, 1993; Putnam, 1995, 2000; Wattenberg, 1998; Gray & Caul, 2000; Macedo et al., 2005; Dalton, 2006; Scarrow, 2007; Blais, 2007; Kostelka & Blais, 2021; Cameron, 2021). The decline in citizen participation correlates with citizens’ diminishing trust in key democratic institutions, including decreasing levels of citizens’ attachment to political parties (Schmitt & Holmberg, 1995; Dassonneville, 2022), declining trust in politicians (Holmberg, 1999; Dalton, 2017), and in state institutions (Crozier et al., 1975; Listhaug & Wiberg, 1995; Citrin & Stoker, 2018; Brady & Kent, 2022). The ongoing decline in both citizen participation and trust in democratic institutions is a concerning trend that threatens the foundational principles of democratic societies, warranting further investigation.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Kirbiš, Andrej and Lubej, Maruša},
  booktitle = {Growing Up in Times of Crisis: Political Socialization of Youth in the Global East},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-58626-2_11},
  editor = {Harring, Marius},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {9783031586262},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {185-200},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {“Yes to Democracy, But This Is Not What We Had in Mind!”: Satisfaction with Democracy Among Post-Yugoslav Youth in the 2008–2018 Period},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58626-2_11},
  year = 2024
}

@article{camilo2024beyond,
  abstract = {Introduction: It is well-known that social relationships positively impact health, but the direct and indirect ways these lead to better health outcomes remain understudied. Stemming from the concept of multiple levels of analysis, we address this problem  by disentangling the links between different types of social relationships and health (including physical health, mental health, and well-being), and comparing the effects of multiple mediators based on two levels of analysis: interpersonal and group. Methods: We propose a model that uses loneliness and social support as proxies of personal ties (mediators between close relationships and health), and social integration and multiple identities as proxies of group ties (mediators between group relationships and health). Likewise, we also propose a moderating effectof group identification on the association between group ties and health. We collected 848 responses through a self-report online survey and used structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis to assess the proposed model. Results: Data yielded that close relationships are stronger predictors of better health outcomes than group relationships. Yet, more importantly, the results also provide strong evidence for the positive effects of the group-level variables. The effect of group relationships on health is significantly positive, and this association is stronger for those who identify more with their group. Discussion: Our findings are closely aligned with the notion that increasing and improving people’s social network is an effective way to contribute to better social determinants of health, while demonstrating that it is important to consider which type of relationship is being fostered.},
  author = {Camilo, Cristina and Lima, Maria Luísa and Moura, Rita and Quintal, Fàtima and Lois-Palacin, Maria},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.3389/frsps.2024.1310755},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {2813-7876},
  journal = {Frontiers in Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Beyond close relationships: The positive effects of group relationships and group identification on health},
  url = {/brokenurl#https:/doi.org/10.3389/frsps.2024.1310755},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2024
}

@article{huber2024gender,
  abstract = {Cross-country differences in the gender gap of higher education attainment are large. In this paper, we study the role of gender norms for this particular gender gap. To isolate the effect of gender norms from institutional and economic factors, we investigate the decisions of second-generation immigrants in the United States to achieve at least a bachelor’s degree. We measure gender norms using economic outcomes as well as beliefs prevailing in the migrants’ parents’ country of origin. We find that gender norms explain part of the observed differences in the gender gap in attaining at least a bachelor’s degree. There is also a sizable effect of gender norms on gender gaps in higher educational attainment levels, such as a master’s degree or a Ph.D. We confirm the gender norms effect using a sample of siblings, which allows us to hold unobservable and observable household characteristics constant.},
  author = {Huber, Stefanie J. and Paule-Paludkiewicz, Hannah},
  doi = {10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102491},
  issn = {0927-5371},
  journal = {Labour Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Gender norms and the gender gap in higher education},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102491},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{lomazzi2023gender,
  address = {London},
  author = {Lomazzi, V.},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Gender Norms and Values in the Black Sea Region},
  year = 2023
}

@book{jurek2023moralno,
  abstract = {Monografia stanowi jedno z pionierskich w skali światowej opracowań poświęconych zagadnieniu moralności socjalnej. Autorzy publikacji dokonali oryginalnej konceptualizacji pojęć oraz opracowali ramy teoretyczne dla badań jednego z kluczowych aspektów korzystania ze świadczeń socjalnych. Zasadniczą część pracy poświęcono analizie wyników autorskiego badania empirycznego. Zostały one przedstawione w kontekście szerokiego przeglądu dotychczasowych – prowadzonych zarówno w Polsce, jak i w skali międzynarodowej – badań postaw socjalnych. Publikacja powstała w ramach realizacji projektu „Społeczne, ekonomiczne i kulturowe uwarunkowania korzystania ze świadczeń socjalnych: analiza problemu w kontekście moralności socjalnej” finansowanego ze środków programu doskonałości naukowo-badawczej INTEREKON.},
  address = {Wroclaw},
  author = {Jurek, Łukasz and Gilga, Krystyna and Kamiński, Stanisław and Szczepaniak-Sienniak, Joanna and Żuk, Paweł},
  doi = {10.15611/2023.42.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wraclawiu},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Moralność socjalna},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15611/2023.42.0},
  year = 2023
}

@book{kim2023cultural,
  abstract = {Using experimental surveys as a primary source, Kim and Kim compare a wide range of developed countries to assess the determinants of generalized social trust. With data from Belgium, France, Italy, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, the Netherlands, and the United States, Kim and Kim present a detailed picture of trust at the individual level, across different ethnic groups, and across different regions with economic and cultural distinctions. They focus on a range of concepts, including generalized trust and familism; causal relationships among cultural values, particularized trust, and institutional trust at the individual level; and relationships between culture, wealth, and governance at the macro-level. In doing so, they consolidate substantial quantitative data with rigorous theoretical analysis and advance our understanding of social trust and prosociality in general. A valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in political science, sociology, and social psychology around the world.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Kim, Seung Hyun and Kim, Sangmook},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003231707},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Cultural Values, Institutions, and Trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003231707},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{dulmer2023morality,
  address = {Lanham},
  author = {Dülmer, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13511 ; 10.4232/1.13737},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA7500 v3.0.0 ; ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9781666918267},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {167-194},
  publisher = {Rowman & Littlefield},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Morality and Moral Change in the Black Sea Region: A Longitudinal Perspective with a Special Focus in Romania, Russia, and Turkey},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{parkkinen2023uskonnottomien,
  address = {Helsinki},
  author = {Parkkinen, Tiina Mari Anneli},
  booktitle = {Millenniaalien kirkko: Kulttuuriset muutokset ja kristillinen usko},
  editor = {Mikkola, S. and Saarelainen, S.-M.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4950 ; ZA7570 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {229-255},
  publisher = {Kirkon tutkimus ja koulutus},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Uskonnottomien helsinkiläismillenniaalien uskontosuhde},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10138/354991},
  year = 2023
}

@article{valentini2024patterns,
  abstract = {Intergenerational education mobility is a key dimension of social mobility and explores the extent to which educational attainment is transmitted across generations within a society. The implications of low education mobility concern both equity (everyone should have the same opportunities) and efficiency (it would be good for the economy and society if the most gifted and deserving young people were to study and not the children of the already educated). The literature identifies several drivers that can influence the level of social mobility in general and education mobility specifically, including characteristics of educational systems, public spending, degree of urbanisation, informal frictions, and beliefs. This paper seeks to identify ‘patterns of intergenerational education (im)mobility’ through a cluster analysis that takes into account the level of intergenerational mobility in education and a number of variables concerning its possible drivers, considering data on 82 countries (with different levels of development). The advantage of cluster analysis lies in the possibility of identifying regularities, but avoiding reasoning ‘on average’, i.e., safeguarding the possibility that different social patterns may exist. The results also allow us to speculate on possible policies to increase school mobility, highlighting, among other things, the ‘equalising’ role played by public spending on education.},
  author = {Valentini, Enzo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.3390/economies12060126},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {22277099},
  journal = {Economies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Patterns of Intergenerational Educational (Im) Mobility},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12060126},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2024
}

@article{schroder2023motivation,
  abstract = {Many argue that work motivation varies with year of birth, suggesting the utility of generational labels such as Z, Y, X, or Baby Boomer. This article tests this generational hypothesis by using multilevel regressions with data from 584,217 individuals sampled by the Integrated Values Survey in 113 countries over more than 30 years. The results show that the importance of work first increases and then decreases with an individual’s age and that the importance of work tends to decrease for everyone with the passing of historical time. These age and period effects make later-born generations seem work averse, while birth year and thus generational membership hardly explain work motivation after accounting for age and period effects. The article also tests whether ten other work-related attitudes can be explained through generational membership. The results suggest that the historical time period and an individual’s life course explain work motivation and work attitudes better than generational membership. This life course and historical explanation is suggested as an alternative to the generational hypothesis of work motivation and attitudes that prevails in much of the literature.},
  author = {Schröder, Martin},
  doi = {10.1007/s10869-023-09921-8},
  issn = {08893268},
  journal = {Journal of Business and Psychology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Work Motivation Is Not Generational but Depends on Age and Period},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-023-09921-8},
  year = 2023
}

@article{nutz2023division,
  abstract = {Gender inequality in the division of household chores is a persistent issue over time and across country contexts, while differences within and between native and migrant couples remain largely unclear. Relying on the German country case, this study examines the association between partners’ migration constellations and the division of housework. We differentiate between natives and first-generation migrants, and within first-generation migrants, we differentiate by their regions of origin. For the division of housework, we analyse traditionally female routine tasks and male non-routine tasks. Following gender and resource explanations, this study expects gendered variation in the way native, migrant, and mixed (i.e., native/migrant) couples divide housework. Utilising novel data from the German Family Demography Panel Study (FReDA-GGS sample, 2021), the paper employs OLS regression models to predict the division of housework among 11,223 cohabiting different-sex couples. The study finds a gender-traditional divide in routine household tasks among migrant couples, with heterogeneity across regions of origin. Specifically, women in Asian and Eastern European couples tend to do more routine tasks than their native counterparts, while the division of routine housework in couples from Western countries is more egalitarian. In mixed couples, the division of routine tasks is highly unequal if the male partner is a migrant. Non-routine tasks in mixed couples are, however, mostly performed by the native partner, irrespective of gender. The results suggest that the division of routine housework conforms to traditional gender roles across most migrant groups, while non-routine housework, such as financial tasks that require country-specific knowledge, is influenced by the native status, which serves as a resource in itself.},
  author = {Nutz, Theresa and Schmid, Lisa and Pollak, Reinhard},
  doi = {10.12765/CPoS-2023-15},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Comparative Population Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {369-394},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Division of Routine and Non-Routine Housework Among Migrant and Native Couples in Germany},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2023-15},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2023
}

@article{balassa2024autonm,
  abstract = {According to the sociological literature, the preference for obedience is closely related to authoritarian thinking. Those who are more receptive to authoritarian leadership, the sheep, so to speak, also favour obedience. This research examines the demographic and cultural characteristics of those who value obedience in Central and Eastern Europe, at both individual and national levels. The cultural dispersion along the traditional versus secular and survival versus self-expression axes, as used in Inglehart and Welzel’s research, is familiar to many. The starting point for this paper is Shalom H. Schwartz’s theory of values, which says much about the relationship of obedience to other values, and its representation in national culture. In the light of the results, the choice of obedience in the analysed region is not so much related to authoritarianism, but primarily to the avoidance of insecurity, the desire for national security, and the need to preserve national values.},
  author = {Balassa, Bernadett},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {12228338},
  journal = {Korunk},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {56-67},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Autonóm erkölcsre nevelés vagy birkatermészet? Az engedelmesség és biztonságvágy összefüggései Közép-és Kelet-Európában},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1217934},
  year = 2024
}

@article{zhou2024effects,
  abstract = {Chinese youths––the “mobile internet generation”––are increasingly exposed to news incidentally through mobile social media. Based on the theory of incidental news exposure and semi-structured interviews with 41 Chinese youths, this study inductively explored the effects of incidental news exposure on news diversity and expression on social media from an audience-centered perspective. The results question previous findings of positive impacts of incidental news exposure on democratization, evidencing potential negative effects of incidental news exposure on news diversity and civic expression. This paper indicates possible reasons for those effects, highlighting the influence of citizens’ trust in official information sources and the social media censorship environment in China.},
  author = {Zhou, Shuhuan and Yang, Xiaokun},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.1177/14648849241246407},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  issn = {14648849},
  journal = {Journalism},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1307-1328},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {The effects of incidental news exposure on social media on Chinese youth: News diversity and online expression},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849241246407},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2024
}

@article{lavric2023religious,
  abstract = {Recent rapid secularization has been a major force behind the overwhelming political and ideological polarization in some Western countries. Focusing on Western European countries, Ribberink et al. (2018) found that religious polarization was associated with higher levels of secularization, and at the same time, with the relative dominance of Catholicism. Based on national representative surveys from 2018, this paper analyses religious polarization among young people from ten countries in Southeast Europe. The results show that the level of religious polarization is indeed positively correlated to the level of secularization, as well as to the predominance of Catholicism among young people. Slovenia and Croatia, two countries where youth is both highly secularized and predominantly Catholic, stood out with the highest levels of religious polarization. Furthermore, it is only in these two countries that young people became more secularized between 2008 and 2018. We interpret these results mainly in light of the rise of the individual-choice norms that parallel secularization, combined with the mechanism of religious defence, which can be successful largely because of the Catholic Church’s abundant material and cultural resources.},
  author = {Lavrič, Miran and Naterer, Andrej},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.2298/SOC2304580L},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {2683-3867},
  journal = {Sociologija},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {580-596},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Religious Polarization among Youth in Southeast Europe: The Role of Secularization and Prevailing Confession},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC2304580L},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2023
}

@article{erhardt2024spectre,
  abstract = {In academic and public debates, populism has been portrayed both as a threat and a corrective to democracy. In the article, this debate is approached from the perspective of citizens’ attitudes and it is asked whether more populist citizens are less supportive of democracy. Using data from an original 6-country panel, robust evidence is presented that populism is indeed negatively related to democratic regime preferences. By disentangling populist attitudes, however, a more nuanced picture is offered and it is highlighted that not all forms and sub-dimensions of populism present a threat to democracy. It is primarily right-wing populism and the Manichaean outlook on society that are negatively related to diffuse support for democracy in the general public. This underlines the need for democratic societies to address the dangers of an exclusionary populism and the radical polarisation inherent in a Manichaean worldview.},
  author = {Erhardt, Julian and Filsinger, Maximilian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/01402382.2024.2398892},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {0140-2382},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1599-1628},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A spectre of democracy: are populist citizens less supportive of democracy?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2024.2398892},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2025
}

@article{nikishina2023cultural,
  abstract = {The paper focuses on cultural changes in Russia during the coronavirus crisis. The analysis of data from the representative Russian national and Moscow regional surveys conducted in autumn 2018 and in summer 2020 revealed the following changes as the level of trust remained unchanged: a reduced planning horizon, a higher uncertainty avoidance, decreased values of autonomy and stimulation, and an increased value of security. The cultural changes identified are manifested both on average in the representative samples and for individual age groups. The cultural changes are more pronounced in the all-Russian sample than in the Moscow regional sample. In the context of different age groups, the greatest cultural changes are identified among people aged 18-35, which may produce long-term effects of the coronavirus crisis on Russia’s economic development. Empirical analysis of data from the international surveys WVS, EVS, and ESS has shown that the cultural changes identified in Russia are only partially manifested in other countries, which determines the importance of studying country-specific cultural changes caused by external shocks. Promising areas of research include analysing changes in institutional equilibria provoked by external shocks and corresponding cultural shifts, as well as designing interim institutions that would help smooth the adverse effects caused by the coronavirus crisis.},
  author = {Nikishina, Elena N. and Bryzgalin, Viktor A. and Zolotov, Anton V.},
  doi = {10.3897/popecon.7.e104095},
  issn = {26583798},
  journal = {Population and Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {25-47},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Cultural Changes in Russia during the Coronavirus Crisis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.7.e104095},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2023
}

@article{maksimovic2022relationship,
  abstract = {The authors use data obtained through empirical study of the relationship between different types of religiosity and militarist political culture. The three concepts of religiosity are: religious belief, attitude to religious confession, and personalised religiosity. Given the content of each dimension, religious belief and attitude to religious confession can be defined as forms of classical religiosity, while personalised religiosity could be defined as secular religiosity. The aim of the paper is to investigate the relationship between the religiosity of citizens in Serbia and the country’s militarist political culture. Secondary data analysis of the European Value Study (EVS) was used. The highest degree of support for the militaristic form of political culture is contained within the secular form of religiosity – personalised religiosity (which can be varied, from belief in objects to para-religious and religious beliefs). This connection stems from the need to find security.},
  author = {Maksimovic, Andrijana and Milosavljević, Zoran T.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Security Dimensions. International and National Studies},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {68-84},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Relationship Between the Dimensions of Religiousness and Militarist Political Culture Within the Citizens of Serbia},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1078903},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2022
}

@article{dandelion2023believing,
  abstract = {In relation to its numerical strength amongst Quakerism globally, British Quakerism has received a disproportionate degree of sociological investigation over the past 30 years. This research note looks at a series of surveys carried over this time, in particular previously unpublished work on the 2013 survey. The article anticipates the next ‘British Quaker Survey’ of October 2023 and suggests that this survey format could be usefully employed elsewhere to offer a greater level of comparative analysis between different types of Quaker than has been achieved to date.},
  author = {Dandelion, Pink},
  doi = {10.3828/quaker.2023.28.1.8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {1363013X},
  journal = {Quaker Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {61-77},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Believing and Belonging in Britain Yearly Meeting: The Use of Serial Quantitative Studies},
  url = {/brokenurl# https://doi.org/10.3828/quaker.2023.28.1.8},
  volume = 28,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{achterberg2023reflexivity,
  abstract = {This Interschool event, asking to reflect upon the nature of questions itself, addresses a very interesting theme. And as it aligns to a certain extent with my own research agenda, I will take the opportunity to share some thoughts on ‘people who ask questions about people who ask questions’. Those I refer to are typically people who feel ill at ease with the very idea of reflexivity. And who better to start with than Thierry Baudet? He is in a sense the typical anti-reflexive person (see figure 1).},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Achterberg, Peter},
  booktitle = {Asking Questions - On the Anthropocene: An Interschool Symposium},
  doi = {10.26116/nm1z-f634},
  editor = {Schelkens, Karim and Smeets, Arnold},
  isbn = {9789403687117},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {32-39},
  publisher = {Open Press Tilburg University},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Reflexivity and its Discontents},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26116/nm1z-f634},
  year = 2023
}

@article{kanitsar2024social,
  abstract = {Ethnicity and social class are two of the main axes stratifying life chances in developed societies. Nevertheless, knowledge of the integration of ethnic minorities into the pattern of class reproduction remains incipient as evidence stems mostly from studies concentrating on specific ethnicities or single host countries. This article advances this knowledge by providing a comparative perspective on the intergenerational occupational mobility of second-generation immigrants and the majority population across 26 European countries. Drawing on pooled data from the European Social Survey (2004–2018), the article demonstrates that ethnic penalties arise for employment and occupational mobility in many countries, however, with crucial differences across and—to a smaller extent—within major country groups. Across countries, ethnic barriers for the second generation are connected to their social integration in the host society and the composition of the first migrant generation, emphasizing the importance of familial and social support for social advancement. By contrast, I detect no link between anti-immigration norms and ethnic penalties, and only mixed evidence for the role of integration policy. The article concludes that ‘ethnicity matters’ in many European societies, even if ethnic cleavages vary according to the composition of migrant populations and the context in the host society.},
  author = {Kanitsar, Georg},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcae007},
  issn = {02667215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1–16},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The same social elevator? Intergenerational class mobility of second-generation immigrants across Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcae007},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2025
}

@article{harfst2024measuring,
  abstract = {Research on political legitimacy encompasses two distinct traditions, one institutionalist and another drawing on political culture accounts of legitimacy. Recent contributions argue in favor of an integration of these two vantage points in the study of political legitimacy. Following these lines of reasoning, we investigate empirically whether a two-dimensional approach in political legitimacy research integrating the institutionalist and political culture perspectives can contribute to establish a more comprehensive and nuanced view on political regimes and their legitimacy. We conceptualize political legitimacy in combining an external normative with an internal empirical perspective, collect data for both and compare the relationship between these two dimensions of political legitimacy in an internationally comparative framework. Using data from Integrated Values Surveys and Varieties of Democracy we find that both dimensions are closely linked in general, discover important deviations from this pattern in the case of citizens' performance evaluations, pinpoint a particular group of hybrid cases that either lost internal or external legitimacy while collecting positive evaluations on the other dimension, and discuss the consequences of these findings for regime stability and future research on political legitimacy.},
  author = {Harfst, Philipp and Wiesner, Claudia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2024.999743},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Measuring political legitimacy in two dimensions: internal and external measures},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.999743},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2024
}

@article{baro2024beyond,
  abstract = {This article critically examines the cultural backlash theory proposed by Norris and Inglehart [Cultural Backlash] to explain the rise of authoritarian populism in the US and Europe. While the theory emphasizes the conservative mobilization against progressive values, we argue that the success of authoritarian populism in Europe cannot be attributed solely to a cultural backlash. We contend that different European countries have unique historical contexts and older, unresolved conflicts are pivotal to understand the rise of authoritarian populist parties in the European context. By employing EVS-data from 2017–18, we analyse case studies from Hungary, Italy, Norway, and Poland. Challenging the “one-size-fits-all” approach, our study demonstrates that older cleavages are essential to understand the success of these parties and highlights the need to consider different variables and unresolved conflicts within specific national contexts when explaining the success of authoritarian populism in Europe.},
  author = {Baro, Elena and Todal Jenssen, Anders},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2024.2371453},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {13510347},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {350-372},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Beyond the cultural backlash: exploring diverse pathways to authoritarian populism in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2024.2371453},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2025
}

@article{shirikov2024media,
  abstract = {Do long-term propaganda and indoctrination undermine media trust? Building on studies of communist legacies, I examine whether trust in media in post-communist countries can be explained by past or contemporaneous experiences. I find that trust in media is lower in post-communist countries, but this trust deficit is more likely a consequence of the post-communist period. It is higher among authoritarian regimes, which suggests that contemporaneous experiences matter; citizens with longer exposure to communism trust the media more; finally, the deficit grows as the communist past becomes more distant. These findings have implications for institutional development in the post-communist world.},
  author = {Shirikov, Anton},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/10758216.2024.2310637},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {10758216},
  journal = {Problems of Post-Communism},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {544-556},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Why Is Media Trust Low in Post-Communist Countries?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2024.2310637},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{akker2024primary,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Akker, Piet van den and Halman, Loek and Moor, Ruud de},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Ester, Peter and Moor, Ruud de},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665668},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {97-128},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990},
  title = {Primary Relations in Western Societies},
  year = 2024
}

@article{compans2024alignment,
  abstract = {This paper focuses on age restrictions on access to infertility treatments and eligibility for their public reimbursement, exploring their relevancy in contexts of rising late birth rates (40+). I explore how age-based reimbursement policies for in vitro fertilization treatments have responded to these fertility trends in 27 high-income countries and in which regulatory frameworks for medically assisted reproduction (MAR) very late births (45+) have particularly increased. First, I show that while age limits for treatment reimbursement are well aligned with the prevalence of late fertility in some national contexts, in most countries, strict age restrictions are lagging behind the rise in late births. In others, pronatalist policies have prompted permissive age criteria or law revisions, anticipating or adapting to rising trends in late births. Second, the rise in very late births has been limited in some contexts with strict age-based rules. However, the analysis suggests that the impact of MAR on very late births may also be influenced by contextual factors other than regulations.},
  author = {Compans, Marie-Caroline},
  doi = {10.1111/padr.12658},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {1728-4457},
  journal = {Population and Development Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1319-1351},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Alignment, Anticipation, Adaptation, or Lagging Behind? Age-Based Regulations in Assisted Reproduction and Late Fertility},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12658},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2024
}

@article{liashenko2024uncovering,
  abstract = {The paper delves into the concept of Society 5.0, which envisions a future society integrating advanced technologies with human-centred values to address current social challenges. It emphasizes the importance of aligning advanced technologies with human-centred values and social preferences to ensure the success and sustainability of Society 5.0. We offer comprehensive insights into the complex interplay between social welfare preferences and societal progress, emphasizing the significance of understanding and addressing societal preferences to foster inclusive, sustainable, and efficient societies aligned with the objectives of Society 5.0. The findings provide valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders in developing targeted interventions and policies that address critical societal challenges and foster progress across various well-being dimensions. The study emphasizes the importance of considering social preferences in the development of Society 5.0 and highlights the need for a holistic approach that integrates social preferences into the development framework. The study unveils that economic success does not guarantee societal advancement, as the array of social preferences reflecting the diversity of SWP impacts a country’s trajectory towards Society 5.0. By combining theoretical and empirical methodologies, we offer robust qualitative and quantitative insights for crafting optimal policies across different scenarios of individual SWPs and their effects on achieving social progress.},
  author = {Liashenko, Oksana and Dluhopolskyi, Oleksandr},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.2478/eoik-2024-0009},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {23035013},
  journal = {ECONOMICS-INNOVATIVE AND ECONOMICS RESEARCH JOURNAL},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {175-197},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Uncovering the Interplay Between Social Welfare Preferences and Society 5.0 Achievement: Implications for Sustainable Development},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2024-0009},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2024
}

@article{cascella2024gender,
  abstract = {The current paper reports systematic variations of people’s attitudes toward gender and gendered roles between countries and regions in Europe, making regional and national comparisons simultaneously visible on the same scale over time. We operationalized the concept of “gender attitudes” by using a fresh combination of items among those administered by the European Values Survey (in 2008 and in 2017) whose sampling strategy is statistically representative at both national and regional level. Then, we validated our proposed measure by using the Rasch model to test its measurement invariance across European countries and regions, and over time. We included regions under the hypothesis that the variability of gender attitudes is primarily attributable to the local sociocultural milieu people live in, and thus that the variability within a country (e.g., at regional level) can be even larger than that between countries, as confirmed by a multilevel analysis. Results confirmed our hypothesis that sub-national variability can be larger than that between countries and suggested that the regional-national issue may be relevant more widely (e.g., for America, South Asia, Australasia) than the European “case” reported here. Therefore, policies promoting equity should account for regional variability to design appropriate interventions. The measure we validated at both national and regional level is ready to be used in further/other research in Social Sciences.},
  author = {Cascella, Clelia and Pampaka, Maria and Williams, Julian},
  doi = {10.1177/21582440241259912},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {21582440},
  journal = {SAGE Open},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Gender Attitudes Within and Between European Countries: Regional Variations Matter},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241259912},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{lesthaeghe2023living,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Lesthaeghe, Ron and Moors, Guy},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004665675_012},
  editor = {Moor, Ruud de},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665675},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {217-250},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1990},
  title = {Living Arrangements and Parenthood: Do Values matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004665675_012},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2023
}

@article{batsaikhan2024discrimination,
  abstract = {We use a randomized survey to study the relation between parenting styles and attitudes towards ethnic minorities in a daycare setting. Parents choose between two daycare centers: a free-play facility that reflects a “relaxed” parenting approach and a structured facility that reflects a “strict” parenting approach. We find biases against ethnic minorities among parents who prefer the structured daycare but not among parents who prefer the free-play one. Using data from the European Value Survey, we further document an association between discriminatory attitudes towards peer ethnicity and parenting style.},
  author = {Batsaikhan, Mongoljin and Gørtz, Mette and Kennes, John and Lyng, Ran Sun and Monte, Daniel and Tumennasan, Norovsambuu},
  doi = {10.3368/jhr.1219-10617R4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Journal of Human Resources},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-43},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Discrimination and Daycare Choice: Evidence from a Randomized Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1219-10617R4},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{dobbelaere2023religion,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel},
  booktitle = {Values in Western Societies},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004665675_003},
  editor = {Moor, Ruud de},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665675},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-29},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990},
  title = {Religion in Europe and North America},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004665675_003},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2023
}

@book{kasselstrand2023beyond,
  abstract = {Demonstrates definitively that the secularization thesis is correct, and religion is losing its grip on societies worldwide In the decades since its introduction, secularization theory has been subjected to doubt and criticism from a number of leading scholars, who have variously claimed that it is wrong, flawed, or incomplete. In Beyond Doubt, Isabella Kasselstrand, Phil Zuckerman, and Ryan T. Cragun mount a strong defense for the theory, providing compelling evidence that religion is indeed declining globally as a result of modernization. Though defenses of secularization theory have been mounted in the past, we now have many years’ worth of empirical data to illuminate trends, and can trace changes not just at a given point in time but over a trajectory. Drawing on extensive survey data from nations around the world, the book demonstrates that, in spite of its many detractors, there is robust empirical support for secularization theory. It also engages with the most prominent criticisms levied against the theory, showing that data that are said to refute the narrative of religious decline are easily explainable and in keeping with the broader tendency toward secularization. Beyond simply defending secularization theory, the authors endeavor to formalize it, offering clear definitions of relevant terms and creating propositions that can be repeatedly and accurately tested. Beyond Doubt offers the strongest argument to date for the existence of a global secularization trend, and will be a vital resource for students and scholars alike who study religion and secularism.},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Kasselstrand, Isabella and Zuckerman, Phil and Cragun, Ryan T.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 ; ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA2150 ; ZA3190 ; ZA4950 ; ZA7570},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {New York University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2020 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Beyond Doubt: The Secularization of Society},
  year = 2023
}

@article{pospech2024existuje,
  abstract = {This paper examines whether there is a rural-urban polarisation in values in the Czech Republic, similar in form and extent to corresponding developments across many western European countries and the United States. The paper uses a mixed-method design, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative part works with data from the European Values Study, differentiated by settlement size and commuting time, which allow us to distinguish between rural municipalities based on their level of remoteness. The qualitative part focuses on the media coverage of the relationship between rural and urban populations over the past ten years. This relationship is analysed utilising discourse analysis, drawing on the methods of structural hermeneutics. Using these approaches, we identify three key dimensions that articulate the relationship between urban and rural populations. In conclusion, we argue that rural-urban polarisation as a ‘social border’is almost non-existent in the Czech Republic, but it is strongly present in society as a ‘symbolic border’. We explain this paradox with reference to the ideological functions played by the social representations of cities and rural areas.},
  author = {Pospěch, Pavel and Hubatková, Barbora and Klíma, Ondřej},
  doi = {10.13060/csr.2024.009},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00380288},
  journal = {Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {251-276},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Existuje v ČR polarizace mezi městy a venkovem? (Does a Rural-Urban Divide Exist in the Czech Republic?)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2024.009},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2025
}

@article{lam2023mandatory,
  abstract = {Using a sample of 7936 firm-year observations and 922 International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adopter firms from 19 countries that mandated IFRS adoption in 2005 and 922 benchmark firms from 8 countries that did not mandate IFRS adoption in the sample period, we examine the role of trust in the effect of IFRS adoption on earnings management. Consistent with our predictions, we find (1) the earnings management-increasing effect of IFRS adoption is more pronounced in low trust countries/societies after control for country-level institutions, and (2) IFRS adoption decreases total earnings management in high trust countries/societies.},
  author = {Lam, Kevin C.K and Sami, Heibatollah and Yao, Jun and Yao, Yiwei},
  doi = {10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2023.100527},
  issn = {10619518},
  journal = {Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Mandatory IFRS adoption and earnings management: The role of culture},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2023.100527},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2023
}

@article{hubatkova2024outcomes,
  abstract = {Informed by existing gaps in the research of elder abuse and neglect (EAN) outcomes and very limited knowledge from Central-European cultural contexts, this paper analyzes the link between domestic-based EAN and three measures of well-being, namely subjective loneliness, sense of control over one’s life, and a broader outlook on life. To do this, we used recently (2022) collected EAN survey fielded among home-dwelling residents of the Czech Republic aged 65+. The results show that there is a clear relationship between EAN and these selected outcomes. Controlling for several sets of potential modifying or confounding factors further indicates that this relationship is substantial and direct, rather than weak and indirect. Among controls, only variables related to disadvantage (health, income, dependency, history of abuse) partly account for the link between EAN and its outcomes due to their relation to both heightened risk of EAN and lower well-being.},
  author = {Hubatková, Barbora and Vidovićová, Lucie},
  doi = {10.1080/08946566.2024.2346846},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {0894-6566},
  journal = {Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {265-290},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Outcomes of elder abuse and neglect in Central Europe: exploring the link between EAN and well-being among non-institutionalized older adults},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2024.2346846},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2024
}

@inproceedings{zwilling2024nonreligion,
  address = {Albolote},
  author = {Zwilling, Anne-Laure},
  booktitle = {The complex world of philosophical and, non-religious beliefs. Legal and social profiles: Proceedings of the XXXIIth Annual Conference},
  editor = {Mazzola, Roberto and Angelucci, Antonio and Baldassarre, Silvia},
  eventdate = {12.05.-15.05.2022},
  eventtitle = {The complex world of philosophical and, non-religious beliefs. Legal and social profiles},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {49-62},
  publisher = {Editorial Comares},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Non-Religion in Europe: Diversity and Recent Evolution},
  url = {https://iris.uniupo.it/bitstream/11579/190282/1/Venezia.pdf},
  venue = {Venice},
  year = 2024
}

@article{landsberger2024trust,
  abstract = {Over the past decade, crises have shaped public perceptions of the EU. This article examines the question of trust in a (democratic) institution by combining two large-scale surveys, the World Value Survey and the European Value Survey. Although the data do not include the most recent crisis, the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, they provide insights into how trust in the EU has evolved after the financial crisis of 2008 and the refugee crisis of 2015. It shows that the EU and its institutions still enjoy higher levels of trust than national governments. However, declining trust is a problem in Greece and Italy.},
  author = {Landsberger, Albert},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  institution = {EconPol Policy Brief},
  journal = {EconPol Policy Brief},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-10},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {How has trust in the EU changed over time?},
  url = {https://www.econpol.eu/publications/policy_brief_60/how-hast-trust-in-the-eu-changed-over-time},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kende2024integration,
  abstract = {Increasing ethnic and racial diversity often fuels feelings of threat among ethnic-racial majorities (e.g., self-identified white Americans and European nationals). We contend that these threat perceptions depend on the policy context. Across four studies, we test whether more inclusive immigrant integration policies attenuate ethnic-racial majorities' threat reactions. Studies 1 to 3 (n = 469, 733, and 1745, respectively) used experimental methods with white American participants in the United States. Study 4 (n = 499,075) used secondary analysis of survey data comparing attitudes of nationals in 30 European countries and measured the impact of actual changes in diversity and policies over 10 years. Our results show that integration policies shape threat reactions even in those situations when increasing diversity could be seen as the most threatening: when narratives highlight the majority's impending minority position or when diversity suddenly increases. When policies are more inclusive toward immigrants, ethnic-racial majority participants report less threat (or no threat) in response to increasing diversity.},
  author = {Kende, Judit and Jacobs, Dirk and Green, Eva G. T. and Tropp, Linda R. and Huo, Yuen J. and Dovidio, John F. and Jiménez, Tomás R. and Schildkraut, Deborah J. and Klein, Olivier},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adk8556},
  issn = {2375-2548},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 22,
  pages = {1-8},
  study = {Eurobarometer ; EVS},
  title = {Integration policies shape ethnic-racial majorities’ threat reactions to increasing diversity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk8556},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{huber2023misogyny,
  abstract = {The increasing spread of far-right ideas in recent decades has driven an important selection of contemporary scholarship on extremism. Alongside this development, the scholarly community has witnessed the growth of particularly virulent forms of extreme misogyny. Both of these shifts have been facilitated by the ease with which extremist narratives can be shared and consumed online. One of the key issues that require further exploration relates to the strength of the connection between far-right ideas and extreme anti-feminism. Additionally, following questions raised in recent research, it is useful to consider whether misogynistic ideas can act as a gateway into far-right ideology. This chapter contributes original empirical research that offers new insight into these questions. The chapter details the findings of quantitative research into the relationship between misogynistic views and ideas associated with the far right. This is achieved through regression analysis of data drawn from male respondents to the European Values Survey (EVS) in Great Britain that models misogynistic thinking and far-right attitudes. It is argued that while there is strong evidence of a relationship between misogyny and the far right it is not clear that one leads to the other. Rather the data suggests a more fundamental and organic relationship between misogyny and far-right attitudes. These ideas seem to enjoy a complementary relationship though not necessarily a causal one.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Huber, Antoinette Raffaela and Hart, Gavin and Littler, Mark},
  booktitle = {The Routledge Handbook of Far-Right Extremism in Europe},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003256892-28},
  editor = {Kondor, Katherine and Littler, Mark},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {300-310},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Misogyny as a Gateway to Far-Right Hate: A Quantitative Exploration in Great Britain},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003256892-28},
  year = 2023
}

@article{schwarz2023refugees,
  abstract = {"This study aims to find out if there are differences between non-participants and participants in Integrative Art Projects (IAPs), with regard to their attitudes towards integration, refugees, and IAPs. Further, with regard to IAPs, this study identifies different audience groups among German citizens, each possessing specific attitudes and characteristics. Methodologically, a survey has been conducted among n = 702 German citizens, and four citizen groups are defined through cluster analysis. The results show that participants in IAPs are more open-minded towards refugees and foreign cultures, compared to non-participants. By pointing out the individual characteristics of the defined clusters ("The open-minded," "The critical," "The uninvolved," "The preservers"), the study derives precise managerial implications for arts organizations, so as to adapt IAPs and their promotion to the needs of cluster-members. Participatory IAPs at eye-level and with challenging common goals are possible, especially for the cluster of "The open-minded," while for other clusters, greater focus should be devoted to identifying commonalities and learning about the out-group." Die kumulierten Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 1980 bis 2010 sowie die Daten aus dem jahr 2014 werden in diesem Beitrag als Vergleichsdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 38. Fassung, Dezember 2023},
  author = {Schwarz, Nicole and Gross, Hellen and Cramer von Clausbruch, Stefanie and Hary, Katharina and Weitzel, Lara},
  availability = {22.12.2023},
  journal = {International Journal of Arts Management},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {16-33},
  study = {EVS1981-2008 ; ALLBUSkum1980-2010 ; ALLBUS2014},
  title = {Refugees and Art: Tailor-Made Integrative Art Projects by Identifying Citizen Target Groups},
  url = {https://www.proquest.com/docview/2820139357?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2023
}

@article{leraleri2024aggregating,
  abstract = {We adopt an emerging and prominent vision of human-centred Artificial Intelligence that requires building trustworthy intelligent systems. Such systems should be capable of dealing with the challenges of an interconnected, globalised world by handling plurality and by abiding by human values. Within this vision, pluralistic value alignment is a core problem for AI– that is, the challenge of creating AI systems that align with a set of diverse individual value systems. So far, most literature on value alignment has considered alignment to a single value system. To address this research gap, we propose a novel method for estimating and aggregating multiple individual value systems. We rely on recent results in the social choice literature and formalise the value system aggregation problem as an optimisation problem. We then cast this problem as an ℓp-regression problem. Doing so provides a principled and general theoretical framework to model and solve the aggregation problem. Our aggregation method allows us to consider a range of ethical principles, from utilitarian (maximum utility) to egalitarian (maximum fairness). We illustrate the aggregation of value systems by considering real-world data from two case studies: the Participatory Value Evaluation process and the European Values Study. Our experimental evaluation shows how different consensus value systems can be obtained depending on the ethical principle of choice, leading to practical insights for a decision-maker on how to perform value system aggregation.},
  author = {Lera-Leri, Roger X. and Liscio, Enrico and Bistaffa, Filippo and Jonker, Catholijn M. and Lopez-Sanchez, Maite and Murukannaiah, Pradeep K. and Rodriguez-Aguilar, Juan A. and Salas-Molina, Francisco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1016/j.knosys.2024.111453},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {09507051},
  journal = {Knowledge-Based Systems},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Aggregating value systems for decision support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2024.111453},
  volume = 287,
  year = 2024
}

@article{nistor2024magyarorszgi,
  abstract = {Tanulmányunkban az International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) 1993-as, 2020-as és a European Values Survey (EVS) 1991–2017 felmérései alapján vizsgáljuk a környezetvédelemmel kapcsolatos fizetési hajlandóságot Magyarországon. Elemzésünk célja, hogy feltárja a fizetési hajlandóság trendjének alakulását és a hajlandósággal összefüggő egyéni szintű háttérváltozókat. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a vizsgált periódusban csökkent a magyarországiak környezetvédelemmel kapcsolatos fizetési hajlandósága. Az ISSP 2020 és az EVS 2017 adatain a szakirodalom alapján megfogalmazott hipotézisek mentén, logisztikus regressziós módszerrel vizsgáljuk a környezetvédelemmel kapcsolatos fizetési hajlandóságot befolyásoló tényezőket. Az EVS egyetlen, az ISSP három kérdésben vizsgálja a fizetési hajlandóságot. A három kérdést külön-külön, majd egy kumulatív változóvá alakítva is elemezzük. A regressziós modellek eredményei egyszerre jeleznek hasonlóságokat és különbségeket. Összességében nézve, a környezetvédelmi fizetési hajlandóság egy gazdasági helyzetbe ágyazott specifikus diszpozíció, kifejezéséhez nem elegendőek a környezetvédelemmel kapcsolatos pozitív attitűdök, a kérdés gazdasági fejlődést is feltételez, amiért a válaszadók a környezet bizonyos aspektusait is képesek feláldozni. A magasabb iskolázottság és jövedelem, a bizalom különböző formái, a posztmaterialista értékrend, a környezettudatosság ugyancsak növeli a fizetési hajlandóságot, és beigazolja ilyen irányú hipotéziseinket A klímatudatosság szignifikánsan növeli a fizetési hajlandóság egyes dimenzióit, általában véve viszont még túl távolinak tűnik ahhoz, hogy fizetési diszpozíciókra bírja a válaszadókat.},
  author = {Nistor, Laura and Bálint, Gyöngyvér},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14332 ; 10.4232/1.14021 ; 10.4232/1.13898},
  doi = {10.51624/SzocSzemle.16568},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA8793 v1.0.0 ; ZA7503 v3.0.0 ; ZA7501 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Szociológiai Szemle},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {16-43},
  study-id = {International Social Survey Programme: Environment I-IV Cumulation ; EVS1981-2017 ; EVS2017},
  title = {A magyarországi lakosság környezetvédelemmel kapcsolatos fizetési hajlandóságának elemzése az ISSP és az EVS felmérései alapján},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.51624/SzocSzemle.16568},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kurella2024issue,
  abstract = {The empirical evidence within the field of party competition suggests that the success of far right parties is tightly connected to issue salience of immigration policies. However, it is still unclear how other factors of the pattern of competition shape that relation. We contribute to this literature by taking a spatial viewpoint and analyzing the moderating role of the party configuration in a two-dimensional space. We focus on various characteristics of the party configuration that together describe a competitive advantage. We also extend the analysis to green parties. Based on simulations we hypothesize that far right and green parties benefit stronger from increasing issue salience if they take a moderate position on both their core issue and the economic dimension, and if the distance to the next competitor on their core issue is large. Empirical analyses of far right and green parties’ success in Western European countries support our hypotheses.},
  author = {Kurella, Anna-Sophie and Rapp, Milena},
  data_doi = {10.4232/1.13860 ; 10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1086/734255},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7700 v2.0.0 ; ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {00223816},
  journal = {The Journal of Politics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-33},
  study-id = {GLES Querschnitt 2021, Vorwahl (ZA7700) ; EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The role of issue salience and competitive advantages in spatial models of political competition},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1086/734255},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{schneider2023beitrag,
  abstract = {In dieser Arbeit werden zunächst einige Ausführungen über die theoretische Modellierung und empirische Evidenz zu wesentlichen Erklärungsfaktoren über Schwarzarbeit und Korruption gegeben. Als klassische Ursachen von Schwarzarbeit gelten die Belastung mit Steuern, Sozialversicherungsbeiträge auf den Produktionsfaktor Arbeit, eine intensive Regulierung, ein unzureichendes und/oder qualitativ schlechtes Angebot an staatlichen Gütern und Dienstleistungen, eine schwache Steuermoral, geringe Rechtssicherheit und nicht funktionierende öffentliche Institutionen, wobei Korruption auch wesentlich von den letzten drei Faktoren verursacht wird. Außerdem werden einige Schätzverfahren und dann empirische Ergebnisse über die Größenordnung von Schwarzarbeit vorgestellt. Anschließend werden aus der Mikroperspektive die (nicht-)ökonomischen Bestimmungsgründe der Steuermoral beispielsweise das Ausmaß der Strafen, die Bildung, das sozialpolitische Engagement erörtert. Um Schwarzarbeit und Korruption einzudämmen, sollte der Staat neben Strafen ein ausreichendes und qualitativ hochstehendes Angebot an öffentlichen Gütern und Dienstleistungen bereitstellen.},
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Schneider, Friedrich},
  booktitle = {Perspektiven der Netzökonomie: Beiträge zu Ehren von Günter Knieps},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748937463-135},
  editor = {Stocker, Volker and Birke, Franziska and Brunekreeft, Gert and Weiß, Hans-Jörg},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {375600497X},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {135-158},
  publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2009},
  title = {Der Beitrag von (nicht-) ökonomischen Faktoren zur Analyse von Korruption, Steuerhinterziehung, Steuermoral und Schwarzarbeit},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748937463-135},
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{hegedus2023examining,
  abstract = {Trust is a field of research in social sciences that has complex, well-developed theoretical approaches, but its empirical tools are less established. The most common survey tool for measuring generalized trust is a formula often referred to in the literature as standard trust question, which reads as follows: „Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you need to be very careful in dealing with people?”. The aim of the publication is to examine this standard survey item along the dimensions of reliability and validity. In my analysis, I use Hungarian data obtained from various international surveys. My results indicate serious validity problems, as the standard question shows only weak linkage with additional variables, which, based on the conceptual background, should be in a close relationship with trust. The question arises, however, as to whether generalized trust, as a personal and social phenomenon, actually exists, whether the concept is worth dealing with, and, from a methodology point of view, whether we can say that the standard trust question used to measure generalized trust works properly. In any case, the number of critical observations appearing in the literature in connection with measurement is increasing, some of them raise theoretical concerns and others are very critical of the methodology. The starting point of my own endeavors is theoretical in nature, too, and does not merely shed light on the methodological issues in connection with the measurement of trust. I'm showing this through Hungarian data, using the biggest survey databases.},
  address = {Athens},
  author = {Hegedüs, Márk},
  booktitle = {4th International Conference on Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts},
  doi = {10.33422/4th.icsha.2023.04.001},
  eventdate = {21.04.-23.04.2023},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3950 ; ZA4850 ; ZA4950 ; ZA6670 ; ZA6980 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-7},
  study = {Eurobarometer 2004 ; Eurobarometer 2005 ; Eurobarometer 2009 ; Eurobarometer 2010 ; Eurobarometer 2014},
  study-id = {ISSP2004 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2014 ; ISSP2017 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Examining the validity and reliability of generalized trust measuring},
  url = {https://www.doi.org/10.33422/4th.icsha.2023.04.001},
  year = 2023
}

@book{borooah2023economics,
  abstract = {Most books on happiness are concerned with answering, in their diverse ways, a basic question: how should I live? Such books assume, however, that the path to happiness lies entirely within one’s control. Happiness is simply a matter of doing certain things and refraining from doing certain other things. This book, however, takes a different view. It is that happiness is not always within our control but, instead, prey to the attitudes and actions of others. Following Jean-Paul Sartre’s aphorism, “hell is other people”, the broad theme of this book is that “unhappiness is other people”. In the language of economics, “other” people, through their attitudes and actions, create externalities – often negative - which serve to make “us” unhappy.  The instruments for creating such externalities are intolerance and feelings of envy/superiority.  This book expands on this theme in respect of three areas: religion, money, and prejudice.  It is fair to say the existing (un)happiness literature, particularly in economics, does not take many of these externalities into account. Instead, the focus is, firstly, on identifying the factors, internal to oneself, that contribute to personal happiness and, secondly, on measuring the relative strength of their contribution. By contrast, an analysis of the externalities that people impose upon others lies at the heart of this book. Economics, Religion and Happiness will primarily appeal to students, academics and researchers across economics, psychology, philosophy, and sociology, and will also find an audience among those interested in exploring issues related to happiness in greater depth.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Borooah, Vani Kant},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003335467},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Economics, Religion and Happiness: God, Mammon and the Search for Spiritual and Financial Wealth},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003335467},
  year = 2023
}

@article{vaughan2024religion,
  abstract = {Academic evaluations of the relationship between religion, secularization, and far-right collective actors have grown increasingly complicated. New religious immigrants, seen as invaders importing contradictory values imposed on the populous by EU elites, may threaten Christian and irreligious Europeans. Europe has been secularizing for decades, concurrent with a resurgence in far-right collective action, but this far-right resurgence has also accompanied an increase in religious discourse in politics. In this study, I investigate the relationship between religion, secularization, and far-right collective action utilizing three case studies. I find, with some caveats, that in Hungary, Fidesz motivates Christian voters with religious nationalist appeals, while assertive secularization motivates irreligious voters in the Netherlands. Italy is more complex, where far-right collective actors are less able to monopolize social issues. These findings speak to the critical role religious values and institutions play in shaping voter preferences and present competing options for secularist politics moving forward.},
  author = {Vaughan, Kenneth R.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1177/02685809241292078},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1461-7242},
  journal = {International Sociology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {650-671},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Religion, secularization, and far-right support in the Netherlands, Hungary, and Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/02685809241292078},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2024
}

@article{serieyx2023responsabilits,
  abstract = {Pour les partisans d’une stricte individualisation de la protection sociale, les familles sont des entités trop instables ou inégalitaires pour servir de référence. C’est oublier que, si les formes de familles ont changé, le fond des relations entre leurs membres constitue au quotidien des réseaux de responsabilités mutuelles fortes, ancrées dans le droit civil et social, sièges de transferts économiques interpersonnels massifs largement consentis: un système de protection familiale au poids financier comparable à la protection sociale entière. Ne pouvant ni s’ignorer ni se combattre, responsabilités familiales et protection sociale sont vouées à s’articuler. Pour que les débats récurrents sur la « familialisation » de la protection sociale soient féconds (autonomie des jeunes, financement de la dépendance, dimension familiale des retraites), il faut repartir des responsabilités communes à l’ensemble des familles.},
  author = {Serieyx, Yvon and Vallat, Jean-Philippe},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {0988-6982},
  journal = {Regards},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  pages = {69-84},
  series = 2,
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Responsabilités familiales et protection sociale: l’inévitable articulation},
  url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-regards-2023-2-page-69.htm},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2023
}

@article{hwa2021works,
  abstract = {Despite a growing emphasis in education policy on ?what works for whom and in what circumstances?, there is still considerable attention to decontextualised ?best practices? that emerge from cross-country comparisons of student achievement. Also, while operational and even political aspects of context are increasingly incorporated into policy research, there is relatively little attention to the relationship between sociocultural context and education policy. In this paper, I explore the extent to which national sociocultural context influences the relationship between one aspect of policy ? teacher accountability ? and student outcomes. I do so by using multilevel modelling to analyse international survey data on education (from PISA 2012, PISA 2015, and TIMSS 2015) matched at the country level with survey data on culture (from the World Values Survey and Hofstede?s IBM study). I find that one of the sociocultural constructs significantly and consistently moderates the relationship between teacher accountability and student outcomes, suggesting that some teacher accountability approaches may be beneficial in certain sociocultural contexts but detrimental in others. This finding implies a need for caution in generating universal policy prescriptions from international assessments such as PISA and TIMSS. It also strengthens the case for viewing teacher accountability as a socioculturally embedded process.},
  author = {Hwa, Yue-Yi},
  doi = {10.1080/02680939.2021.2009919},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {02680939},
  journal = {Journal of Education Policy},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {474-499},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {‘What works’ depends: teacher accountability policy and sociocultural context in international large-scale surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2021.2009919},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2021
}

@article{brainerd2023maternity,
  abstract = {Can a policy intervention in the stressful first year after a birth affect marital stability? We examine this question using a large expansion in maternity benefits in 1982 in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The program provided partially paid leave until the child’s first birthday and included a small cash payment at birth. We use individual-level panel data and compare the Baltics with similar East European countries using a difference-in-differences framework. Maternity benefits decrease divorce within the first year after birth. This decrease persists for at least a decade, indicating that couples avoided divorce altogether rather than simply delaying it. While mothers extended their leave by several months, they returned to full-time work afterwards, consistent with egalitarian gender norms in the labor market.},
  author = {Brainerd, Elizabeth and Malkova, Olga},
  doi = {10.1007/s00148-023-00958-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA5900},
  issn = {14321475},
  journal = {Journal of Population Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {2309–2345},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Maternity benefits and marital stability after birth: evidence from the Soviet Baltic republics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00958-w},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2023
}

@book{balogun2023colourline,
  abstract = {Race and the Colour-Line addresses the foundational ideas about race and colonialism in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and reconnects them to the global manifestations that influenced them. Focusing on race and colonialism, this book indicates a shift in the global racial discourse – an understanding of the specificity of Polish racism that can transform and add to our understandings of race in the West. Drawing on archival resources – manuscripts, documents, and records – from Poland and other parts of Europe, the book offers a compelling theoretical and historical context of race-making in the so-called ‘peripheral sphere’, while outlining the ways in which colonialism has been framed specifically within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and its empire in the Atlantic world. Following a race-conscious social analysis, the significance and originality of this work lie in tracing the specificity of blackness in Europe, and the very particular, but often neglected case of black people in CEE. To chart all this commendably, premised on critical race studies, the author uniquely explores the everyday racialized experiences of people of colour from Sub-Saharan African descent living in contemporary Poland and brings to the fore the obscurities of race and racism in the country. Through ethnographic research, the author shows how these particular people perform multiple identities in their daily lives as part of the configuration of a racially complex society. The demonstration of the ‘globality of racism’ in this book examines the phenomenon of race beyond its usual context in the West, and as such will appeal to scholars from a range of disciplines including Sociology, Geography, Anthropology, Postcolonial, Polish, and Slavic Studies.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Balogun, Bolaji},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003220800},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5080},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {WVS/EVS1981-2004},
  title = {Race and the Colour-Line: The Boundaries of Europeanness in Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003220800},
  year = 2023
}

@article{tao2024cultural,
  abstract = {Culture fundamentally shapes people’s reasoning, behavior, and communication. As people increasingly use generative artificial intelligence (AI) to expedite and automate personal and professional tasks, cultural values embedded in AI models may bias people’s authentic expression and contribute to the dominance of certain cultures. We conduct a disaggregated evaluation of cultural bias for five widely used large language models (OpenAI’s GPT-4o/4-turbo/4/3.5-turbo/3) by comparing the models’ responses to nationally representative survey data. All models exhibit cultural values resembling English-speaking and Protestant European countries. We test cultural prompting as a control strategy to increase cultural alignment for each country/territory. For later models (GPT-4, 4-turbo, 4o), this improves the cultural alignment of the models’ output for 71–81% of countries and territories. We suggest using cultural prompting and ongoing evaluation to reduce cultural bias in the output of generative AI.},
  author = {Tao, Yan and Viberg, Olga and Baker, Ryan S. and Kizilcec, René F.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae346},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {2752-6542},
  journal = {PNAS Nexus},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 9,
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Cultural bias and cultural alignment of large language models},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae346},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2024
}

@article{pastormayo2024absolute,
  abstract = {How do people perceive the utility of redistribution? Support for redistribution is commonly understood as being determined by self-interest in a way that is monotonically proportional to expected net transfers. However, this would imply that average support for redistribution is static and unaffected by changes in the distribution of incomes. This study addresses this incongruence by integrating concepts from the literature on redistribution preferences, namely the diminishing marginal utility of income, inequity aversion and loss aversion. These concepts are formalized by making two distinctions regarding redistribution: absolute versus relative utility and gains versus losses. An analysis of the European/World Values Survey suggests that the preferences of the poor are determined by absolute gains, while the preferences of the rich are determined by relative losses. In other words, the poor care about how much they gain from redistribution, while the rich care about the share of their income that they lose from it. The findings have important implications for the relationships among public opinion, economic development and income inequality.},
  author = {Pastor Mayo, Marco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12701},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {03044130},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {320-347},
  study = {ISSP},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Absolute gains, relative losses: How the poor and the rich view redistribution differently},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12701},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2025
}

@article{inke2023covid19,
  abstract = {As a health crisis, COVID-19 has significantly transformed labor markets and working culture around the world. Working from home, which has become widespread within the scope of pandemic measures, required employees to adapt to a new working order, and its effects on the conflict between work and non-work areas quickly became visible. This study analyzes the factors affecting work-life conflict with the help of logit model, taking into account the gender differences and the differences created by COVID-19 in working styles, using European Values Survey, Round 10 and covering nine European countries. The main finding of the study is that the factors affecting work-life conflict differ according to women, men, and countries. Factors affecting work-life conflict in women are age, religion, education level, income, overworking, frequency of working from home, digital communication with colleagues, satisfaction with the government's policies towards families with children during the COVID process, and whether or not they have children. For men, age, religiosity, education level, city scale, employment status and digital communication with colleagues are factors that affect work-life conflict.},
  author = {Inke, Hakan and Erdölek Kozal, Özge and Gürel Günal, Gülçin},
  issn = {1305970X},
  journal = {Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 70,
  pages = {252-276},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {COVID-19 Döneminde Evden Çalışma ve İş Yaşam Çatışması: Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Cinsiyet Temelli İlk Bulgular (Working from Home and Work-Life Conflict amidst COVID-19: Preliminary Gender-Based Findings from the European Social Survey)},
  url = {https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jyasar/issue/77831/1222897},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{isaksen2024welfare,
  address = {Opladen},
  author = {Isaksen, Joachim Vogt and Jakobsen, Tor Georg},
  booktitle = {Kritik und Engagement in der Sozialen Arbeit: Gesellschaftliche Transformation durch Partizipation und professionelle Praxis},
  doi = {10.2307/jj.8692984.8},
  editor = {Berc, Gordana and Heimgartner, Arno and Lauermann, Karin and Reicher, Hannelore and Stuhlpfarrer, Elena},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {55-62},
  publisher = {Barbara Budrich},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Welfare regimes and attitudes toward income inequality: The development in 14 European countries, 1990–2020},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.8692984.8},
  year = 2024
}

@article{claessens2023crossnational,
  abstract = {Cross-national analyses test hypotheses about the drivers of variation in national outcomes. However, since nations are connected in various ways, such as via spatial proximity and shared cultural ancestry, cross-national analyses often violate assumptions of non-independence, inflating false positive rates. Here, we show that, despite being recognised as an important statistical pitfall for over 200 years, cross-national research in economics and psychology still does not sufficiently account for non-independence. In a review of the 100 highest-cited cross-national studies of economic development and values, we find that controls for non-independence are rare. When studies do control for non-independence, our simulations suggest that most commonly used methods are insufficient for reducing false positives in non-independent data. In reanalyses of twelve previous cross-national correlations, half of the estimates are compatible with no association after controlling for non-independence using global proximity matrices. We urge social scientists to sufficiently control for non-independence in cross-national research.},
  author = {Claessens, Scott and Kyritsis, Thanos and Atkinson, Quentin D.},
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1},
  issn = {20411723},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-13},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Cross-national analyses require additional controls to account for the non-independence of nations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41486-1},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@article{lindqvist2024opinionpolicy,
  abstract = {It is well known that voters prefer parties whose policy positions align with their own. But do voters actually reward incumbents who implement policies preferred by the electorate? Using cross-country data covering more than 350 elections and opinion-policy congruence measures based on 166 issues, our analysis reveals an unexpected non-correlation between opinion-policy congruence and electoral success. Governments that implement (or keep in place) policies with higher levels of support in the electorate do not do better in subsequent elections. This result holds when controlling for the state of the economy, and when using other, country-specific, datasets. The study reinforces conclusions from previous research that retrospective policy voting seems to be very limited.},
  author = {Lindqvist, Jesper and Persson, Mikael and Sundell, Anders},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102793},
  issn = {0261-3794},
  journal = {Electoral Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study = {Eurobarometer ; EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {Is opinion-policy congruence rewarded at the ballot box?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102793},
  volume = 90,
  year = 2024
}

@article{holum2024economic,
  abstract = {Support for sustainability activities among citizens will also increase the probability of more sustainable choices being made by governments. In this study, we investigate the relationship between prioritization of environmental protection over economic growth and government spending on environmental protection in 27 OECD countries and more than 65 000 respondents. Drawing on the perspectives of the thermostatic model, complex belief systems and cognitive dissonance theory, we hypothesize that government spending and attitudes towards environmental protection are related. We further argue that this relationship will be moderated by trust in government. To investigate our hypotheses, we employ OECD statistics on government spending in combination with survey data from WVS and EVS from the years 1995 to 2019. Our findings show that increasing government spending on environmental protection is related to attitudes in favor of economic growth at the expense of environmental concerns, a relationship which is significantly strengthened by having low trust in government.},
  author = {Holum, Marthe L. and Jakobsen, Tor G.},
  doi = {10.1080/23251042.2024.2398503},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Environmental Sociology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {420-431},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Economic growth versus the environment: government spending, trust, and citizen support for environmental protection},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2024.2398503},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2024
}

@article{berghammer2024single,
  abstract = {Background: A central question in family research is whether parents' social disadvantages, such as being a single parent or having low education, are becoming more concentrated over time. Objective: We contribute to this literature by examining long-term trends in the gap in single parenthood between more educated and less-educated mothers since the 1970s to around 2015, placing special emphasis on children's age. Methods: To this end, we rely on a unique compilation of censuses as well as labour force surveys from eight European countries representing different institutional and cultural contexts: Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, and the United Kingdom. The data were analysed using logistic regression models. Results: Our results show that the gap in single motherhood between highly educated and less- educated women generally changed over the period: Single motherhood increased disproportionally among less-educated women. The gap widened most among mothers with young children (0 to 4 years) and somewhat less for mothers of children at age 5 to 9 years. For mothers with children aged 15+, the prevalence of single motherhood varied only moderately by the mothers' level of education. Contribution: These findings suggest that being a low-educated single mother and having responsibility for young children has become more tightly linked. This uncovers a double disadvantage in that low-educated single mothers who possess less resources also more frequently have younger-aged children in need of more time and other resources.},
  author = {Berghammer, Caroline and Matysiak, Anna and Lyngstad, Torkild Hovde and Rinesi, Francesca},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2024.51.34},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA4800},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 34,
  pages = {1059-1094},
  study = {EU-LFS 1998-2015},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Is single parenthood increasingly an experience of less-educated mothers? A European comparison over five decades},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2024.51.34},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2024
}

@article{blaszczynski2024impact,
  abstract = {This article delves into the profound implications of multi-dimensional religiosity on political party support, with a special focus on the case of Poland (N=1203). In a society undergoing a transformative journey towards secularism and progressiveness, the traditional role of religiosity in shaping political attitudes has been reevaluated. In order to check the impact of religiosity, binomial logistic regression models were conducted. In the study, combined Wave 7 World Value Survey and European Value Study database was used. With the obtained results, a significant role of normative religiosity was detected. The results do not confirm conclusions discussed by other leading authors in Poland, who use other models and indicators of religiosity. The proposed study provokes and encourages for change in the methodological approach in building party-support models in Poland by including and measuring the normative dimension of religiosity as the leading source of individual party support motivation, discarding thus more traditional ritualistic behaviour measuring.},
  author = {Błaszczyński, Kamil},
  doi = {10.1177/00377686241239613},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00377686},
  journal = {Social Compass},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {136-154},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Impact of multi-dimensional religiosity on party support in Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00377686241239613},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2024
}

@article{moreva2023between,
  abstract = {The article examines the relationship between subjective well-being and elections turnout. The purpose of the article is to determine how subjective well-being affects turnout. To achieve the purpose, the link between subjective well-being and electoral participation should be studied along with the influence that political regime has on this link. The majority of previous research papers indicate that there is a positive relationship between the studied variables. Most of these studies were based on data from specific democratic countries. Little attention has been paid to cross-national comparison and to countries with less developed democratic institutions. According to the theory of retrospective voting, voters tend to use elections to reward or punish the incumbent. Thus, it can be hypothesized that subjective well-being increases the likelihood to participate in elections, and that the democratic context strengthens the link between subjective well-being and voters turnout. The joined dataset of the European Social Survey and World Values Survey is used for the empirical analysis. Multilevel binary logistic regression is used as the main method of analysis. The results of the study show a statistically significant relationship between the high level of subjective well-being and voter turnout. People with higher levels of subjective well-being are more likely to vote in elections. In democratic countries, this relationship is stronger. These findings support the conclusions of previous research and confirm a modified version of the retrospective voting theory, which uses subjective well-being as a predictor of electoral behavior.},
  author = {Moreva, Iuliia E.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.21638/spbu12.2023.405},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  journal = {Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {428-438},
  publisher = {St Petersburg State University},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Связь субъективного благополучия и электорального участия: межнациональная перспектива (The link between subjective well-being and electoral participation: Сrossnational perspective)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu12.2023.405},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dhuey2024increased,
  abstract = {This article explores the potential impact of the increased investment in early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Canada. With a multi-billion-dollar investment committed to making high-quality care accessible, affordable, flexible, and inclusive for all Canadians, this initiative is set to reshape the landscape of child care in Canada. Although increased access to ECEC is important, it is not sufficient on its own. Quality must be the cornerstone, with particular attention given to the needs of low-income families. Strategic incentives for providers and financial support for educators are practical steps that can significantly elevate the effectiveness and reach of ECEC services. The goal is not just more ECEC but better ECEC for all. The article draws on a range of research studies and policy documents to explore the potential benefits and challenges of this ambitious project and to offer recommendations for how stakeholders can work together to ensure its success.},
  author = {Dhuey, Elizabeth},
  doi = {10.3138/cpp.2023-061},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  journal = {Canadian Public Policy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {S1},
  pages = {103-126},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Will the Increased Investment in Early Childhood Education and Care in Canada Pay off? It Depends!},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2023-061},
  volume = 50,
  year = 2024
}

@article{pacilli2024motivations,
  abstract = {Introduction: Abortion is a health practice that people might choose for a variety of reasons. In public discourse, a subtle hierarchy of legitimacy frequently emerges in relation to abortion’ motivations, thereby establishing an implicit distinction between abortions deemed acceptable or justifiable and those considered unacceptable or unjustifiable. Methods: We conducted an experimental study to examine the impact of different motivations commonly perceived as “good and acceptable” (i.e., health risks or rape) and “bad and unacceptable” (i.e., lack of desire to have a child or incompatibility between women’s lives and their careers) on the stigmatization of women who choose to abort (i.e., moral outrage and attribution of humanness) and the perceived severity of hostile behaviors against them. Results: Findings show that participants experienced more moral outrage towards the woman when she chose to abort for “bad and unacceptable” reasons (vs. “good and acceptable”), attributed her less humanness, and perceived hostile behaviors toward her as less severe. In addition, we found that “bad and unacceptable” reasons influenced participants’ perceptions of hostile behaviors through the mediation of moral outrage and the attribution of humanness to her. Conclusions and Policy Implications: Highlighting motivations for abortion reinforces not only the divide between “good” and “bad” abortions but also between “good” and “bad” women. The key conclusions, limitations, and directions for the future are explored in the context of combating abortion stigma and backlash, ultimately advocating for reproductive justice.},
  author = {Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina and Spaccatini, Federica and Pagliaro, Stefano and Giovannelli, Ilaria},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1007/s13178-023-00927-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {1553-6610},
  journal = {Sexuality Research and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {645–656},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {From “Bad” and “Good” Motivations to Abort to “Bad” and “Good” Women: Abortion Stigma and Backlash Against Women Who Interrupt Their Pregnancy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00927-8},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2024
}

@article{sedovic2023attitudes,
  abstract = {The wellbeing of immigrants is affected by those around them and the context in which they live. Yet we still know relatively little about the impact that attitudes towards immigrants (ATI) have on immigrants’ life satisfaction, nor do we know the routes by which it manifests. By matching individual data from the UK Understanding Society study to area-level data on ATI for England and Wales from the 2018 European Values Study, I examine whether subnational ATI are associated with immigrants’ life satisfaction. If so, I aim to determine the geographical level at which it is prominent and identify the channels through which this association operates. By exploiting the different geographical scales at which ATI are aggregated, I show within-country variation in ATI. Controlling for contextual- and individual-level characteristics, I find that immigrants’ wellbeing is sensitive to exposure to the negative ATI of non-migrants at the regional level but not at the municipal level. Theoretically identified channels (local social cohesion and ethnic composition) are not drivers of this association, but it is moderated by (interethnic) friendships. Further, I show that ATI are a measure of environment rather than a function of intergroup contact or exposure and that the entire composition of the ATI in an area is more important than the most negative attitudes. I discuss the implications of these findings.},
  author = {Šedovič, Michaela},
  doi = {10.1007/s10680-023-09686-z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7501},
  issn = {1572-9885},
  journal = {European Journal of Population},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 38,
  pages = {1-27},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Do Attitudes Towards Immigrants Matter? The Subjective Wellbeing of Immigrants in England and Wales and Their Exposure to Non-migrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09686-z},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2023
}

@article{borkowski2023social,
  abstract = {The aim of this paper is to measure social capital and determine its effect on economic development across thirty five European economies from 2017 to 2020. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to measure and identify the relationship between latent (directly unobservable) variables. Social trust was found to be more strongly determined by interpersonal trust than by trust in organisations. Furthermore, social trust was also found to be the most important component of the overall measure of social capital. The latent variable representing social interaction and attitudes was found to be less important in the formation of social capital. Finally, a strong positive and statistically significant relationship was found between social capital and economic development.},
  author = {Borkowski, Mateusz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.33119/GN/163005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  journal = {The Polish Journal of Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {11-27},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Social Capital and Economic Development: PLS-SEM Model},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33119/GN/163005},
  volume = 314,
  year = 2023
}

@article{durovic2023avances,
  abstract = {Although gender-based inequalities in political participation have evolved over time, they are nevertheless more differentiated than ever, and highly dependent on modes of action. How can we explain the uneven evolution in levels of political participation between men and women in France ? Offering a new theoretical framework, this study relies on an empirical approach that compares different types of political engagement and follows different birth cohorts over time. It draws on three major longitudinal studies : the European Values Study (1981-2017), the European Social Survey (2002-2018), and INSEE’s studies on electoral participation (2002-2017).},
  author = {Durovic, Anja},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.3917/rfsp.731.0007},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9782724640427},
  issn = {0035-2950},
  journal = {Revue française de science politique},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 1,
  pages = {7-39},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Des avancées paradoxales. Inégalités générationnelles et de genre dans la participation politique en France (1981-2018)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rfsp.731.0007},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{chuaqui2023estereotipos,
  abstract = {En los últimos 20 años ha aumentado sustantivamente la participación de las mujeres, tanto en el ámbito laboral como educacional. ¿Han cambiado las percepciones de la población sobre los roles de género durante estas dos décadas? El objetivo de este capítulo es analizar los cambios en las percepciones de roles y estereotipos de género en Chile. Para esto, se analizan los Estudios Nacionales de Opinión Pública del Centro de Estudios Públicos (cep) de 2002, 2012, 2017 y 2022, al igual que una pregunta experimental en la última medición para capturar sesgos implícitos. Además, para explorar los estereotipos de género asociados a los conceptos “hombre” y “mujer”, se utilizan los datos recogidos por la Encuesta Nacional Auditoría a la Democracia (enad), del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (pnud 2018). Nuestros resultados muestran que ha habido una notable disminución en las actitudes vinculadas a concepciones esencialistas sobre los roles de las mujeres. Sin embargo, si bien ha habido avances, aún se mantiene relativamente alta la percepción de efectos negativos en los hijos y vida familiar cuando la mujer se incorpora a la vida laboral. Relacionado con lo anterior, se observa que en 2018 tanto hombres como mujeres asocian a las mujeres con conceptos estereotípicamente masculinos (como agencia), pero no se observa una asociación de los hombres con conceptos estereotípicamente femeninos (como calidez), los que justamente se vinculan a tareas de cuidado.},
  address = {Santiago},
  author = {Chuaqui, Ariadna and Foulon, Carmen La},
  booktitle = {Disparidad bajo la lupa: Una radiografía a las brechas de género en Chile},
  editor = {Eyzaguirre, Sylvia and Vergara, Rodrigo},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-956-289-303-9},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {31-82},
  publisher = {Fondo de Cultura Económica},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Estereotipos y roles de Género},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{aleksandrov2024educaia,
  address = {Bucuresti},
  author = {Aleksandrov, Andrian},
  booktitle = {Inovare, integrare şi comunicare în spaţiul educaţional},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {60-70},
  publisher = {Editura Eikon},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Educația religioasă în bulgaria după 1990. Particularități și provocări (Religious education in Bulgaria after 1990. Particularities and challenges)},
  year = 2024
}

@article{shih2023treestructured,
  abstract = {In this article, we propose a tree-structured method for either complete or partial rank data that incorporates covariate information into the analysis. We use conditional independence tests based on hierarchical log-linear models for three-way contingency tables to select split variables and cut points, and apply a simple Bonferroni rule to declare whether a node worths splitting or not. Through simulations, we also demonstrate that the proposed method is unbiased and effective in selecting informative split variables. Our proposed method can be applied across various fields to provide a flexible and robust framework for analyzing rank data and understanding how various factors affect individual judgments on ranking. This can help improve the quality of products or services and assist with informed decision making.},
  author = {Shih, Yu-Shan and Kung, Yi-Hung},
  doi = {10.3390/make5020027},
  issn = {25044990},
  journal = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {448-459},
  study = {EVS1999},
  title = {Tree-Structured Model with Unbiased Variable Selection and Interaction Detection for Ranking Data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/make5020027},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2023
}

@article{horn2023workfare,
  abstract = {To what extent, and under what conditions, have workfare reforms shaped public opinion towards the unemployed? This article unpacks the punitive and enabling dimensions of the workfare turn and examines how changes to the rights and obligations of the unemployed have influenced related policy preferences. To do so, it presents a novel dataset on these reforms across a diverse set of welfare states and investigates potential feedback effects by combining our data with four waves of survey data from Europe and North America. Results suggest that while enabling measures generate more lenient attitudes towards the unemployed, punitive measures have no clear effect on public opinion ? but they do accentuate the gap between the preferences of high- and low-income individuals. This leads us to conclude that the trend towards punitive and enabling measures since the 1980s has not broadly undermined solidarity with the unemployed, though it has increased income-based polarization.},
  author = {Horn, Alexander and Kevins, Anthony and Van Kersbergen, Kees},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13314},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140231178743},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v2.0.0},
  issn = {00104140},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {818-850},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Workfare and Attitudes toward the Unemployed: New Evidence on Policy Feedback from 1990 to 2018},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231178743},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{livia2024hzassg,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Lívia, Murinkó and Zsolt, Spéder},
  booktitle = {Demográfiai portré},
  editor = {Péter, Őri},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA1700 ; ZA2620 ; ZA3880 ; ZA5950},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {other},
  pages = {9-23},
  publisher = {KSH Népességtudományi Kutatóintézet},
  study = {ISSP2022},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP1988 ; ISSP1994 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2013},
  title = {Házasság, Élettársi Kapcsolat},
  url = {https://demografia.hu/kiadvanyokonline/index.php/demografiaiportre/article/view/2877},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{marfouk2024public,
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Marfouk, Abdeslam},
  booktitle = {How to Do Migration Research},
  doi = {10.4337/9781035306855.00024},
  editor = {Zapata-Barrero, Ricard and Vintila, Daniela},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA2880 ; ZA3910 ; ZA5950},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {124-132},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013},
  title = {Public opinion on international migration in cross-national surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035306855.00024},
  year = 2024
}

@article{wan2024influence,
  abstract = {This study aims to assess the relationship between income inequality and social solidarity as a measure of societal stability, using European countries as a case study. Data from 20 European countries were included in the research. The primary dependent variable was defined as social solidarity, serving as an indicator of societal stability. The analysis of social solidarity was conducted concerning various social groups, including overall solidarity and solidarity towards vulnerable societal categories. Responses to questions were evaluated using the Likert scale. Income inequality within each country, measured by the Gini coefficient, was designated as the explanatory variable. Control variables were incorporated, including GDP per capita and the percentage of social expenditure relative to a country's GDP. The conducted analysis demonstrates a negative correlation between income inequality and the manifestation of social solidarity. The analysis of individual characteristics reveals that specific groups exhibit greater social solidarity compared to others. The conclusion drawn is that both lower and higher household income levels lead to a decrease in the overall manifestation of social solidarity in the face of increasing income inequality. The study's findings contribute theoretically to the discourse on income inequality and its impact on societal stability.},
  author = {Wan, Liqun and Wu, Yajun},
  doi = {10.1111/asap.12425},
  issn = {1530-2415},
  journal = {Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {691-709},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Influence falling income inequality for social stability: Case study of four European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12425},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2024
}

@article{goncharova2024people,
  abstract = {Thirty years after the transition to democracy in Bulgaria, there is a lack of social and community support for people living with dementia and for their families and caregivers. Both residential and assisted living facilities in the country have remained both unpopular and underdeveloped, and based on in-depth biographical and expert interviews and focus groups, we shall discuss the subjective experience of informal caregivers of people living with dementia, accumulated in the confined space of home and family. We shall try to show how inconsistent application of the European Union’s social policies as well as the existence of enduring socio-cultural stereotypes relating to parental care places caregivers in passive, but over-responsible and implicitly critical positions towards the management both of public and private services for older people in Bulgaria.},
  author = {Goncharova, Galina and Karamelska, Teodora},
  doi = {10.1515/soeu-2023-0015},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Comparative Southeast European Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {58-82},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Care of People Living with Dementia in Bulgaria: Between Over-Responsibility to the Family and Distrust in Public Health Services and Policies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2023-0015},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2024
}

@article{berg2023educational,
  abstract = {Background: Universities are described as “waiting halls” for union formation. However, little is known about the size of the educational gradient in single living after leaving home. Objective: This paper examines the educational gradient in single living after leaving home in 30 European countries and the role of gender and the gender climate in each country for this gradient. Methods: I use data from the European Social Survey, supplemented with data from the OECD and European Values Study for the contextual measures. Predicted probabilities for single living are compared across educational groups, genders, and countries. Using random slope models with an interaction between education and the gender climate, I examine whether the educational gradient is larger in less gender-egalitarian countries. Results: The results show, on average, a positive educational gradient in single living after leaving home. However, there is substantial variation in its size. First, the gradient is larger among women. Second, there are cross-national differences in the size of the gradient and gender differences in the gradient. The cross-national variation depends on the gender climate in the country. Among women, the educational gradient is smaller in countries with a higher women’s labor force participation. Conclusions: The results show that stratification in single living after leaving home is especially prominent among women in less gender-egalitarian countries. Contribution: The article presents a comprehensive overview of the educational gradient in single living after leaving home by gender and country, demonstrating the importance of the gender climate.},
  author = {Berg, Lonneke van den},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2023.48.6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {Demographic Research },
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {153-188},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The educational gradient in young singlehood: The role of gender and the gender climate},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2023.48.6},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{shaykhutdinov2024religion,
  abstract = {After decades of severe restrictions, religion has returned with a vengeance in the post-communist world. The quest for meaning, related to or decoupled from organized religion, is also present in other parts of the world. The relationship between religion and state, expressed as public policy, defines the nature of the political system at the national level. However, little is known about religion as public policy among subnational entities. This chapter seeks to (1) conceptually refine the notion of “religion as public policy” and empirically (2) examine religion as a dimension of public policy by considering the case of the Muslim republics’ accommodation of Christian and Jewish religious practices in the former communist bloc. It focuses on the subnational level, which informs the path-dependent outcomes in the supply levels of public policy toward the religious sector. For that purpose, it presents and analyzes an original dataset.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Shaykhutdinov, Renat},
  booktitle = {Handbook on Subnational Governments and Governance},
  doi = {10.4337/9781803925370.00025},
  editor = {Avellaneda, Claudia N. and Bello-Gómez, Ricardo A.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9781803925370},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {232-247},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religion and subnational public policy: accommodation of minority religious practices in the post-communist Muslim republics},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803925370.00025},
  year = 2024
}

@article{abbasov2023defence,
  abstract = {Secularisation theory contends that religiosity and trust in religious organisations tend to decline when trust in their secular counterparts increases. However, it is puzzling why religious organisations receive public trust as high as their secular counterparts in countries where religiosity is low. If religious organisations are deemed to be doomed as trust in secular counterparts rises, why do people still trust them? We argue that a high level of trust in religious organisations is associated with their importance in nation-building and national identity construction: Individuals with a strong national identity are more likely to trust religious organisations. Using both qualitative and quantitative data about public trust in the Armenian Apostolic Church (AAC) and Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC), this study finds that the historical role of religious organisations in strengthening national cohesion and building national identity during times of instability leads ordinary citizens to place both generational and strategic trust in these religious organisations.},
  author = {Abbasov, Namig},
  doi = {10.1111/nana.12955},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {13545078},
  journal = {Nations and Nationalism},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1372-1400},
  study-id = {WVS/EVS2018},
  title = {In defence of the nation: Why do churches receive public trust as high as their secular counterparts?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12955},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2023
}

@article{adamecz2023confidence,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the relative importance of confidence in public institutions to explain cross-country differences in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We find that a 1 SD increase (e.g., the actual difference between the United States and Finland) in confidence is associated with 56.3% fewer predicted deaths per million inhabitants. Confidence in public institutions is one of the most important predictors of deaths attributed to COVID-19, compared to country-level measures of health risks, the health system, demographics, economic and political development, and social capital. We show for the first time that confidence in public institutions encompasses more than just the unobserved quality of health or public services in general. If confidence only included the perceived quality, it would be associated with other health and social outcomes such as breast cancer recovery rates or imprisonment as well, but this is not the case. Moreover, our results indicate that fighting a pandemic requires citizens to cooperate with their governments, and willingness to cooperate relies on confidence in public institutions.},
  author = {Adamecz, Anna and Szabó-Morvai, Ágnes},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.1002/wmh3.568},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {19484682},
  journal = {World Medical & Health Policy},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {553-569},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Confidence in public institutions is critical in containing the COVID-19 pandemic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.568},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2023
}

@article{bartasevicius2024outsiders,
  abstract = {This study uses European Values Study 2017 data to identify key correlates of economic and cultural concerns over immigration in Central and Eastern Europe against the backdrop of the 2015 refugee crisis. It does so by running fixed-effects regression models covering 10 CEE countries and testing the associations between core cultural identities and basic values on the one hand and concerns over immigration on the other. It was found that low trust in people of another nationality and &ndash; to a lesser degree &ndash; low generalised social trust were associated with both economic and cultural concerns over immigration in CEE. Also, CEE residents subscribing to both voluntarist and ascriptive nationhood criteria were more likely to be concerned about economic and cultural aspects of immigration than those having a purely voluntarist conception of nationhood. It was also found that the association between national pride and economic concerns over immigration is stronger in Visegrád countries. Meanwhile, the study did not generate evidence that immigration attitudes in CEE were related to the strength of national identification, religious affiliation, cosmopolitan identity, Universalism or perceived state vulnerability. The article maintains that immigration attitudes in CEE are deeply embedded in societal value systems that are, in turn, shaped by distinctive historical legacies.},
  author = {Bartasevičius, Vainius},
  doi = {10.54667/ceemr.2024.19},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Central and Eastern European Migration Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-28},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Outsiders not Worth Trusting? Accounting for Concerns over Immigration in Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.54667/ceemr.2024.19},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2024
}

@article{bird2024approval,
  abstract = {Trust is essential for fostering cooperation, especially in global peer-to-peer platform markets where transactions between strangers involve significant risks and uncertainties. The global scope of these platforms introduces cultural differences, further intensifying these challenges. It is well established that social distance shapes trust, with decision-makers typically favoring those who share similarities, leading to trust disparities that advantage some participants while disadvantaging others. But existing theories offer conflicting perspectives on whether quality signals can bridge or exacerbate the gap between advantaged (i.e., socially proximate to focal decision-makers) and disadvantaged (i.e., socially distant from focal decision-makers) participants. Drawing on sociological theories of trust production that highlight how various social systems act as different sources of trust, we offer a new perspective to this puzzle by comparing two types of quality signals: reputation, which is derived from prior exchanges and provided by prior exchange partners, and institutional accreditation, which is linked to organizational institutions. Analyzing a proprietary dataset from a global peer-to-peer lodging platform, we find that prospective guests who are more culturally distant from hosts are in a disadvantaged position: their lodging requests are less likely to be approved by hosts. Furthermore, the positive effect of guest reputation (i.e., ratings) is weaker for culturally distant guests, and thus widens the gap in host acceptance of culturally proximate versus culturally distant guests. By contrast, the positive effect of institutional accreditation (i.e., platform verification) is stronger for culturally distant guests, indicating that it helps narrow the gap. These findings reveal unexplored contingencies to theories of evaluations bias and discrimination, contributing to the broader literature on trust, culture, and inequality in global online markets, and underscoring the challenges of building trust in uncertain environments.},
  author = {Bird, Yanhua},
  doi = {10.1177/01708406241309995},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {01708406},
  journal = {Organization Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-26},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Seal of Approval? Trust signals and cultural distance in a global peer-to-peer platform market},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406241309995},
  year = 2024
}

@article{pickel2024house,
  abstract = {The successes of right‑wing populist parties in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as a repeated distancing from the European Union, raise the question of whether there is such a thing as European citizenship at all. Citizenship is not understood as formal nationality, but as a sense of belonging. This ties in with the considerations of political cultural research. This article uses representative surveys to address the question: What about European Citizenship in Central and Eastern Europe? The results show that the feeling of belonging to the European Union in Eastern and Central Europe is better than its reputation and not lower than in Western Europe. However, there are differences in the recognition of plurality between the majority (not all) of Eastern European states compared to the majority of Western European states. In particular, the integration of Muslims is more strongly rejected. The same applies to the social acceptance of homosexuality. This partly explains the success of right‑wing populists in Central and Eastern Europe and marks a certain cultural difference, which is primarily directed against a wet model of democracy that is considered too open to plurality. In short: Central and Eastern Europeans also see themselves as Europeans and EU members, but their ideas of a European democracy differ from Western ideas - especially in peripheral regions.},
  author = {Pickel, Gert and Pickel, Susanne},
  doi = {10.2478/pce-2024-0005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA7649 ; ZA7886 ; ZA7575},
  issn = {1801-3422},
  journal = {Politics in Central Europe},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {117-139},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EB93.1 ; EB97.1 ; SpecialEB493},
  title = {Not in my House: EU-citizenship among East-Central European Citizens: Comparative Analyses},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/pce-2024-0005},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2024
}

@article{zheng2023extension,
  abstract = {The extension of particularized trust to generalized trust is an important factor in building a harmonious society. It is necessary to explore the construction path of generalized trust. The moderating effect of long- and short-term orientation at the nation level on the extension of particularized trust to generalized trust is an important node to observe the national cultural differences in the formation of generalized trust. Based on the joint World Value Survey/European Values Study database, this study examines the extension of particularized trust to generalized trust among 114,147 respondents in 73 countries or regions using Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model and Hierarchical Linear Model. The results showed that (1) individuals in countries or regions with more long-term orientation have lower levels of generalized trust. (2) Particularized trust significantly positively predicts generalized trust. (3) Long-term orientation at the nation level improved the positive extension of particularized trust (i.e. trust in neighbors, friends) to generalized trust. The results are beneficial to the establishment of amicable societies and are an important theoretical addition to the sources of generalized trust.},
  author = {Zheng, Jiansong and Wang, Tulips Yiwen and Zhang, Tao},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-023-03064-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {269–298},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {The Extension of Particularized Trust to Generalized Trust: The Moderating Role of Long-term Versus Short-term Orientation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03064-2},
  volume = 166,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{perrier2024europe,
  address = {Hoboken},
  author = {Perrier, Emmanuel},
  booktitle = {The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Catholicism},
  edition = 2,
  editor = {Bauerschmidt, Frederick Christian and Buckley, James J. and Martin, Jennifer Newsome and Pomplun, Trent},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9781119754367},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {144-161},
  publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Europe},
  year = 2024
}

@article{czaderny2022segregation,
  abstract = {The isolation of Romani people is rooted both in discrimination by non-Roma and in Romani informal institutions known as romaniya. Residential desegregation is a sectoral objective in the European Union public policies for Roma. The current study is based on the EU-MIDIS II study of 20,375 Romani adults from south-western and south-eastern Europe. A logistic regression with fractional polynomial transformation is used to model hypothesised relationships between education and residential segregation on the one hand and economic outcomes and discrimination on the other among segregated and non-segregated Roma. The analysis demonstrates that among Roma, more years of education were related to a higher likelihood of adult employment, living above the at-risk-of-poverty threshold, and the ability of households to make ends meet irrespective of the ethnic composition of the neighbourhood. In densely populated areas residential segregation was not significantly associated with the economic performance of the Roma. Education and residential segregation were not significant predictors of self-perceived discrimination.},
  author = {Czaderny, Krzysztof},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.33182/ml.v19i6.1555},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Migration Letters},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {897-909},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Segregation, education, and inclusion of European Roma: A demographic analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i6.1555},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{reshetova2023support,
  address = {London},
  author = {Reshetova, N. and Voicu, M.},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Support for Democracy in Ukraine},
  year = 2023
}

@article{heinisch2022lacking,
  abstract = {This paper examines the influence of lack of control, a diffuse attitude closely associated with emotions, on support for radical populist parties of the left and right. Lack of control is the perception of not having control over one's own life. Although this is not political per se, it is hypothesized that underlying emotions and associated feelings shape political preferences. We argue that as populist parties offer a clear distinction between in – and out-group and promise order, less complexity, as well as economic protection for ordinary people, they have a greater appeal to such citizens. In doing so, the paper tests three hypotheses. The findings of two cross-country analyses carried out with data of the European Values Study 2017 lend empirical support for the theoretical arguments made. The two pooled analyses of 12 radical right populist parties and six radical left populist parties yield that lack of control increases support for radical populist parties of both the left and the right. An examination of interaction effects suggests that sensing a lack of control tends to have a reinforcing effect on voters with nativist attitudes in support of RRPP.},
  author = {Heinisch, Reinhard and Jansesberger, Viktoria},
  doi = {10.1080/23745118.2022.2150027},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {23745118},
  journal = {European Politics and Society},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = { 266-285},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Lacking control – analysing the demand side of populist party support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2022.2150027},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2024
}

@article{rodriguezjusticia2023ideological,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes the extent to which ideological differences between citizens and their governments, in conjunction with the observed size of the public sector, influence taxpayers’ intrinsic motivations to pay taxes. We utilize data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, encompassing 23 OECD economies from 1995 to 2018. Our findings indicate that the tax morale of citizens who hold right-wing ideological views in relation to their government significantly decreases when the public sector surpasses the OECD average. Conversely, citizens who hold left-wing ideological views in relation to their government exhibit a higher intrinsic motivation to pay taxes, particularly when the public sector is considered undersized.},
  author = {Rodriguez-Justicia, David and Theilen, Bernd},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1057/s41599-023-02059-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {26629992},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Ideological alignment, public sector size and tax morale: empirical evidence from OECD economies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02059-1},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2023
}

@article{toshkov2023afraid,
  abstract = {We study how individual and country-level variables interact in affecting political gender attitudes in Europe. Based on data from the 2017 Eurobarometer survey, we show that there are high levels of support for more women in politics and legal measures to achieve gender parity across the EU. In fact, more people, and women in particular, put higher trust in female compared to male political representatives than the other way round. We find that ? at the individual level ? gender, age and education have significant effects on political gender attitudes. Contrary to theory, however, the effect of gender is not mediated by beliefs about the proper role of women in politics and society. We also do not find support for the contextual effects of masculine culture and the religiosity of society, but we do uncover significant gaps in political gender attitudes between post-communist and other countries, especially for men.},
  author = {Toshkov, Dimiter and Cretti, Giulia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/1554477X.2023.2256612},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA5000 ; ZA6924},
  issn = {1554-477X},
  journal = {Journal of Women, Politics & Policy},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; SpecialEB341 ; SpecialEB465 ; EB87.4},
  title = {Who is Afraid of More Women in Politics, and Why? An Analysis of Public Opinion in 28 European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2023.2256612},
  year = 2023
}

@article{masood2023apart,
  abstract = {Economic interventions have social consequences. In this paper, we explore one such relationship, between microfinance intensity and social distrust levels reported by the low-income people. We find a significant association between microfinance intensity in a country and distrust among the poor as well as ultra-poor in cross-section using World Values Survey & European Values Survey (WVS-EVS) Wave 7 (2017–2022). We supplement these findings using empirical Bayes on a panel extending back from 7th to the 4th WVS wave (1999–2004). To deal with potential endogeneity, we run 2SLS as well as weak instruments-robust conditional instrumental variable tests and find evidence showing microfinance prevalence intensity affects distrust levels among the poor and ultra-poor households. We find no association between microfinance and distrust levels in the rich in any of the tests, potentially because the rich are not exposed to microfinance.},
  author = {Masood, Syed Muhammad Usman and Özcan, Rasim and Khan, Asad ul Islam},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0282072},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Till debt does us apart: Cross-country evidence on the relationship between microfinance prevalence and social distrust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282072},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{biolcati2023religious,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Biolcati, Ferruccio and Vezzoni, Cristiano},
  booktitle = {Religious Voting in Western Democracies},
  editor = {Montero, José Ramón and Segatti, Paolo and Calvo, Kerman},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 ; ZA3521 ; ZA4233 ; ZA4411 ; ZA4415 ; ZA4505 ; ZA4506 ; ZA4507 ; ZA4526 ; ZA5000},
  isbn = {9780198807858},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {143-162},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {ISSP1985-2011},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; MannheimEurobarometer Trend File 1970-2002 ; EB63.1 ; EB63.4 ; EB64.3 ; EB65.1 ; EB65.2 ; EB65.3 ; EB66.1 ; EB73.1},
  title = {Religious change and church attendance in Western Europe},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{freitag2023political,
  abstract = {This chapter focuses on political culture in Switzerland and in an international comparison. It starts with a discussion on political culture as an object of research, followed by a brief summary of measurement and available data on political culture. Finally, we survey political culture in Switzerland and compare the results with other European countries. Switzerland is especially interesting as an object of investigation, since it consists of three linguistically, culturally, religiously, and regionally different groups and can thus be seen as a microcosm of Europe. Following the research tradition of Almond and Verba, we define political culture as a ‘particular distribution of patterns of orientation toward political objects among the members of the nation’ and investigate attitudes toward the system as a whole (polity culture), attitudes toward the political process (politics culture), and attitudes toward political issues (policy culture). Evaluating survey data, we reach the following two main findings: First, attitudes toward democracy and the political system, as well as toward the institutions and actors in the political process, have been characterized by a high degree of stability in Switzerland over the past decades. Second, our analysis shows that Switzerland has a particularly strong approval of democracy and is characterized by a high degree of trust and political participation compared with other European countries. Switzerland, with its particularly pronounced direct democracy, is thus a haven for a political culture with a great deal of support and trust.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Freitag, Markus and Zumbrunn, Alina},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Swiss Politics},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897 ; 10.4232/1.13322},
  doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192871787.013.4},
  editor = {Emmenegger, Patrick and Fossati, Flavia and Häusermann, Silja and Papadopoulos, Yannis and Sciarini, Pascal and Vatter, Adrian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA6980 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {50-72},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2019},
  title = {The Political Culture of Switzerland in Comparative Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192871787.013.4},
  year = 2023
}

@article{pollack2023quellen,
  author = {Pollack, Detlef and Rosta, Gergely and Shmendel, Marta},
  doi = {10.5771/0340-0425-2023-3-363},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5950 ; ZA7570 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {03400425},
  journal = {Leviathan},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 3,
  pages = {363-395},
  study-id = {ISSP2013 ; ISSP2018 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Quellen nationaler Identität: Veränderungen im Verhältnis von Nationalbewusstsein, Demokratie und Religion in der Ukraine und in Russland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/0340-0425-2023-3-363},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@article{vigna2024urbanrural,
  abstract = {Spatial inequalities within countries have recently been seen as a source of resentment, suggesting a “geography of discontent” in Europe. We examine this hypothesis by analyzing satisfaction with democracy (SWD) in urban and rural areas over the last two decades. Based on data from the European Social Survey (2002–2020) covering 19 countries and corroborated by the International Social Survey Programme and the European Values Survey, we find that urban–rural differences in SWD are statistically significant but very small over the whole period studied – only about 2.5 percentage points between big cities and rural areas. This gap is minimal compared to differences between countries and between socioeconomic groups such as citizenship, employment status, education, social class, or income. These results hold across various political satisfaction measures, such as trust in parliament or politicians. Despite significant cross-country heterogeneity in spatial disparities, they challenge the notion of widespread rural discontent in Europe.},
  author = {Vigna, Nathalie},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755773924000110},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA3950 ; ZA6670},
  issn = {1755-7739},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {596-611},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2014},
  title = {An urban–rural divide of political discontent in Europe? Conflicting results on satisfaction with democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773924000110},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{belot2024disentangling,
  abstract = {National identity claims have taken a growing importance in the French political landscape these last decades. While representations of French national identity have long been scrutinised from an elite perspective, much less is known about “What is it to be French?” from a citizen’s perspective. This article aims at filling this gap. Using the European Values Study data, from 1981 to 2018, it first offers a general measure of change in French people national claims during that period. Building on a classification, it then proposes to disentangle five different types of French nationalism. Finally, the article tests the explanatory power of these types of nationalism on support for attitudes and a few policy preferences which involve representations of the in-group and the out-group such as immigration and solidarity policies.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Belot, Céline},
  booktitle = {Investigating Forty Years of French Politics Through Value Changes},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_7},
  editor = {Belot, Céline and Bréchon, Pierre and Gonthier, Frédéric},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783031469589},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {119-150},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Disentangling varieties of French nationalism, why does it matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46958-9_7},
  year = 2024
}

@article{lomazzi2024polarization,
  abstract = {Value polarization is one of the key factors in societal development. This research focuses on whether opinions concerning gender roles in the domestic and public spheres are polarized in European societies, a topic still under-investigated. Based on the fifth wave of European Values Study data (2017?2020), the study shows that gender role attitudes in the domestic sphere are more polarized than those in the public sphere. Polarization by education, level of income, migration background, and degree of religiosity is stronger for gender role attitudes in the domestic sphere, whereas polarization by gender is stronger for gender role attitudes in the public sphere. Both gender role attitudes in the public and domestic spheres are most strongly polarized by education. At the same time, belonging to a social group with higher education, higher income, and lower religiosity can promote more progressive views towards gender roles. Opinions in Eastern European countries tend to seem more polarized than in Western European countries, even if with some exceptions. In countries with a higher level of gender equality, the level of polarization is a bit lower, while in countries where there is a remarkable rise of anti-gender narratives, opponent and conflictual views are higher.},
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera and Soboleva, Natalia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/14782804.2024.2327846},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1478-2804},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary European Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {EVS"017},
  title = {Polarization of gender role attitudes across Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2024.2327846},
  year = 2024
}

@article{cataldi2024methodological,
  abstract = {This article is methodological in nature, addressing and discussing the challenges the research team encountered in constructing a new international well-being index called the World Love Index. This index represents the first quantitative operationalization of the concept of Social Love, which seeks to capture actions or social relationships characterized by excess and care for the benefit of individuals outside the primary circle, loved for their irreducibility. Starting with a discussion of the project’s objective rooted in the Beyond GDP debate, the article first analyzes the theoretical definition of Social Love and its semantic dimensions for operationalization. It then focuses on the methodological construction of the index through secondary data analysis, particularly examining the transition from the first wave to the second wave. Through the first wave of the WLI, this concept was systematically investigated on a transnational level. However, the first wave faced criticism for its weaknesses due to decisions made during the index’s construction. This paper, from a purely methodological perspective, demonstrates how the second wave of the WLI aims to address these challenges and turn them into strengths.},
  author = {Cataldi, Silvia and Floridi, Federica and Palmieri, Marco},
  doi = {10.3390/socsci13070334},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {20760760},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {JointEVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Methodological Challenges: From the First to the Second Wave of the World Love Index},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13070334},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2024
}

@article{guo2024impact,
  abstract = {Objectives: Amid the challenges posed by the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding how the crisis shapes people' environmental behaviours and consciousness becomes paramount. This study aimed to unravel the implications of the global pandemic on individuals' environmental protection activities, environmentally prioritized attitudes, and confidence in future environmental protection movements. Methods: By combing detailed COVID-19 surveillance data from the World Health Organization and the Integrated Values Surveys, this study analysed information from 54,951 participants aged 15 years and above across 18 countries spanning 6 continents. Utilizing the global pandemic as a natural experiment, Logistic regressions with Difference-in-Difference (DID) models were employed for a robust estimation of the pandemic's effects on environmental outcomes. Results: The findings revealed a notable reduction in the likelihood of environmental protection activities among individuals (adjusted OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23–0.51). However, pandemic exposure was linked to an increased environmentally prioritized attitude (1.35, 1.18–1.54) and enhanced confidence in environmental protection movements (1.16, 1.01–1.32). Notably, the beneficial effects of the pandemic on environmental attitudes (1.42, 1.21–1.67) and confidence (1.19, 1.01–1.39) were significantly observed exclusively among younger individuals and women exhibited heightened sensitivity to the pandemic's positive impact on environmental attitudes (1.55, 1.30–1.86), while men displayed increased sensitivity in confidence regarding future environmental movements (1.23, 1.00–1.50). Conclusions: This study contributes valuable insights to the existing literature by elucidating the intricate relationship between global crises and individual environmental protection. The evidence generated provides policymakers with essential information for formulating comprehensive post-pandemic strategies aimed at jointly promoting and achieving high-quality development of the population and the environmental dimension of SDGs.},
  author = {Guo, Chao and Tang, Huameng and Wang, Mingxing and Zhang, Tingting},
  data-doi = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  doi = {10.1016/j.glt.2024.02.001},
  gesis-study_no = {10.4232/1.14021},
  issn = {2589-7918},
  journal = {Global Transitions},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {76-84},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic exposure on current and future worldwide environmental protection across 18 nations in 6 continents},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2024.02.001},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2024
}

@article{chung2024national,
  abstract = {Objective: This paper explores how national family policies moderate the association between flexible working arrangements and work-to-family conflict across countries. Background: Although flexible working is provided to enhance work-family integration, studies show that it can in fact increase work-to-family conflict. However, certain policy contexts can help moderate this association by introducing contexts that enable workers to use of flexible working arrangements to better meet their family and other life demands. Method: The paper uses the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 including data from workers with caring responsibilities from across 30 European countries. It uses a multilevel cross-level interaction model to examine how family policies, such as childcare and parental leave policies, can explain the cross-national variation in the association between flexible working arrangements, that is flexitime, working-time autonomy, and teleworking, and work-to-family conflict. Results: At the European average, flexible working was associated with higher levels of work-to-family conflict for workers, with working-time-autonomy being worse for men’s, and teleworking being worse for women’s conflict levels. In countries with generous childcare policies, flexitime was associated with lower levels of work-to-family conflict, especially for women. However, in countries with long mother’s leave, working-time-autonomy was associated with even higher levels of work-to-family conflict for men. Conclusion: The results of this paper evidence how flexible working arrangements need to be introduced in a more holistic manner with possible reforms of wider range of family policies in order for flexible working to meet worker’s work-family integration demands.},
  author = {Chung, Heejung},
  doi = {10.20377/jfr-1002},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Journal of Family Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {229-249},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {National family policies and the association between flexible working arrangements and work-to-family conflict across Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-1002},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{moniz2023cultural,
  abstract = {In recent decades, Europe has undergone a process of cultural and religious recomposition characterized by its conversion into a continent of immigration rather than emigration. This profound transformation, brought about by globalization, the de-privatization of religion and new waves of migration, has forced the continent to be more aware of its cultural and religious diversity and to deal with its underlying challenges. Even in the most peripheral countries of Europe, such as Portugal, this phenomenon has had consequences, particularly in the more urbanized regions, such as the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, where the growing phenomenon of religious heterogeneity has become more evident and challenging for Portuguese secularism based on the secular relationship with a Catholic canopy. This chapter, therefore, aims to examine the process of secularization in Portugal, considering the evolution of the country’s cultural diversity. The goal is to analyse the religious decomposition and recomposition of Portuguese society between the early 1980s and the end of the 2010s. Against the theoretical backdrop of secularization, this research allows us to interpret, through a qualitative and quantitative, hypothetical-deductive analysis, the transformations of religion in a Western European society. We conclude that increasing levels of cultural diversity contribute to the weakening of unquestionable truths and the fragmentation of traditional religious cultures.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Moniz, Jorge Botelho},
  booktitle = {Portugal Since the 2008 Economic Crisis: Resilience and Change},
  doi = {10.4324/9781351046916-9},
  editor = {Pinto, António Costa},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {172-185},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  series = {Europa Country Perspectives},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Cultural and Religious Diversity in Portugal},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351046916-9},
  year = 2023
}

@article{karim2024agnostics,
  abstract = {Past research suggests three distinct major trends regarding the links of religion with well-being. First, religious faith contributes to well-being, with believers showing higher well-being than nonbelievers. Alternatively, it is certainty about one’s own worldviews, be they religious or irreligious, that predicts well-being. Finally, secularization moderates the above, making nonbelief normative. We investigated these trends by focusing on agnostics, who, compared to believers and atheists, combine a lack of faith and uncertainty about worldviews and should, thus, be the lowest in well-being. By analyzing European Values Study 2017 data from 29 countries and controlling for personal variables, we found that in countries of Western Christian heritage, be they religious or secularized, agnostics were the least happy compared to believers and atheists. Religionists, compared to atheists, were happier (countries of Protestant heritage) or equally happy (countries of Catholic heritage). In countries of Eastern Orthodox tradition, believers were happier than nonbelievers, agnostics, and atheists alike—but again, agnostics were the lowest in the less religious countries. In sum, uncertainty makes agnostics, consistently across religious cultures, to be the lowest in well-being, whereas the effect of religious faith on well-being varies across cultures.},
  author = {Karim, Moise and Saroglou, Vassilis},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.3390/rel15121502},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Agnostics’ Well-Being Compared to Believers and Atheists: A Study in Europe’s Religious–Cultural Zones of Christian Heritage},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121502},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kramer2023importance,
  abstract = {The importance of economic freedom for economic development can no longer be denied. What is often denied, however, is respect for individuals’ rights and personal choices. The role of individual choice is often dismissed or set aside by the development community. In this essay, I argue that inherent to economic freedom’s economic success is the promotion and acceptance of individual choice. Development theory should include recognition of and respect for personal choices, a theory I call “Catfish Man of the Woods” theory of development.},
  author = {Kramer, Claudia Williamson},
  doi = {10.1017/S0265052523000456},
  issn = {02650525},
  journal = {Social Philosophy and Policy},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {260-271},
  title = {The Importance of Choice: Catfish Man of the Woods Theory of Development},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052523000456},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2023
}

@article{besic2023efekat,
  abstract = {This paper explores the effect of parental social status achievement on their children’s achievement. While previous research has extensively discussed the impact of parental social and cultural capital on children’s achievements, our study delves deeper into its broader implications for a country’s economic and institutional performance. Our findings reveal a noteworthy link between the strength of the parent-child achievement relationship and a nation’s economic and institutional performance. Countries with robust institutions and thriving economies tend to exhibit weaker parent-child achievement connections. Intriguingly, the former Yugoslav countries and Southeast Europe demonstrate stronger such relationships compared to Western Europe. Additionally, we identify a negative generational trend in the effect of parental socio-economic status on their children’s status, signaling a potential path toward a more meritocratic society for future generations. We employ various regression techniques, including multi-level modeling and Structural Equation Modeling, to illuminate complex relationships, utilizing data from the World Bank and the European Values Study in our methodological approach.},
  author = {Bešić, Miloš},
  doi = {10.2298/SOC2304495B},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Sociologija},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {495-516},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Efekat međugeneracijske pokretljivosti na institucionalni i ekonomski učinak (Intergenerational Mobility’s Impact on Institutional and Economic Performance)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC2304495B},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2023
}

@book{seyd2024trust,
  abstract = {We seem to be living in an age of citizen distrust of social and political elites. Distrust is also seen to have serious negative consequences for our civic and democratic life. Yet are western democracies really facing a crisis of trust? This book provides an extensive and up-to-date review of one of the most important topics in contemporary political life. It explores the nature and condition of trust today through three key issues: What do we mean by trust? How far are levels of trust in decline? How damaging are the consequences of low trust for effective democratic governance? The book also considers how trust arises, and which factors might explain the declines in trust witnessed recently in many countries. Drawing on evidence from across a number of countries, the book pays particular attention to Britain, which has seen a marked decline in public regard for political elites, making the country a vital case for identifying the causes and effects of low trust. Combining conceptual and empirical analysis, the book provides a timely analysis of a central issue in contemporary political debate.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Seyd, Ben},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198896449.001.0001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA5665},
  isbn = {9780191998263},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  pages = 288,
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; GESIS Panel - Standard Edition},
  title = {Trust: How Citizens View Political Institutions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198896449.001.0001},
  year = 2024
}

@article{jaklic2011javnost,
  abstract = {Povezanost tujih neposrednih investicij (TNI) in (ne)naklonjenosti državljanov je v teoriji in empiričnem preverjanju razmeroma skromno analizirana, čeprav pod-jetja v investicijskem odločanju odziv javnosti označujejo kot dejavnik tveganja, katerega mednarodna razsežnost je že dolgo prepoznana. Teorija nakazuje, da si ljudje us-tvarjajo mnenje o TNI bodisi zaradi zgodovinsko-političnih razlogov, še verjetneje pa zaradi neposrednega vpliva vhodnih TNI na trg dela in njihove plače. Osnovni empirični rezultati za evropske države v zadnjih dveh desetletjih kažejo, da državljani, naklonjeni liberalizaciji, tokove TNI privabljajo, nenaklonjenost liberalizaciji pa jih odvrača. Ob sočasnem preverjanju vpliva liberalizaciji naklonjenih in nenaklonjenih državljanov ugotovimo, da naklonjenost državljanov liberalizaciji na prilive TNI ne vpliva, medtem ko ima nenaklonjenost statistično značilen negativen vpliv. Rezultati kažejo, da se (ne)naklonjenost državljanov v prili-vih TNI pokaže šele po petih letih, kajti podjetja potrebu-jejo ustrezen čas, da se na mnenjske spremembe odzovejo. Kot izjemno pomembne se izkažejo formalne pravne, politične in ekonomske institucije, ki se odzivajo na javno mnenje. Vključitev teh pojasnjevalnih spremenljivk močno zmanjša absolutni učinek liberalizaciji nenaklonjenih državljanov na prilive TNI in pokaže, da ta deluje popolno-ma na podlagi formalnih institucij. Rezultati posredno tudi opozarjajo, da je pri oblikovanju spodbud za privabljanje TNI smiselno upoštevati javno mnenje.},
  author = {Jaklič, Andreja and Kunčič, Aljaž and Burger, Anže},
  doi = {10.1080/13183222.2011.11009071},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {13183222},
  journal = {Javnost - The Public},
  keywords = {2011 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {23-43},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Javnost in Tuje Neposredne Investicije},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2011.11009071},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2011
}

@incollection{fuller2024irish,
  abstract = {What does religion mean to modern Ireland and what is its recent social and political history? The Oxford Handbook of Religion in Modern Ireland provides in-depth analysis of the relationships between religion, society, politics, and everyday life on the island of Ireland from 1800 to the twenty-first century. Taking a chronological and all-island approach, it explores the complex and changing role of religion both before and after partition. The handbook's thirty-two chapters address long-standing historical and political debates about religion, identity, and politics, including religion's contributions to division and violence. They also offer perspectives on how religion interacts with education, the media, law, gender and sexuality, science, literature, and memory. Whilst providing insight into how everyday religious practices have intersected with the institutional structures of Catholicism and Protestantism, the book also examines the island's increasing religious diversity, including the rise of those with 'no religion'. Written by leading scholars in the field and emerging researchers with new perspectives, this is an authoritative and up-to-date volume that offers a wide-ranging and comprehensive survey of the enduring significance of religion on the island.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Fuller, Louise},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Religion in Modern Ireland},
  doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198868699.001.0001},
  editor = {Ganiel, Gladys and Holmes, Andrew R.},
  isbn = {9780198868699},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {179-194},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Irish Catholic Culture Before and After Vatican II},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198868699.001.0001},
  year = 2024
}

@article{tanase2024perspectives,
  abstract = {The relationship between social crises and religious cults in Romania is a topic neglected by the specialized literature. In this paper, we propose a series of analyses regarding how social crises have influenced religious life in Romania and the mechanisms by which religious cults have played a role in solving or amplifying them. We will refer to the Romanian Orthodox Church, the majority religious denomination, and some of its positions on events/stages of these social phenomena between 1990 and 2023. This text does not propose a thorough examination of these relationships but attempts to sketch perspectives of analysis in response to the following research questions: What do Romanians think about the Church's involvement in the life of society and implicitly in social crises? Why is it important to understand the position of religious actors on the evolution of social crises? How have religious denominations influenced the improvement/aggravation of some dimensions of social crises? Official stances of Religious Cults during different social crises were examined, alongside instances of informal religious practices aimed at enhancing societal conditions. In Romania, religious cults have been essential partners of the State in reducing social crises, providing support through their rich infrastructure and human resources or their symbolic position in society. However, there have also been cases in which religious cults have generated conflictual social states and tension, producing or aggravating social crises.},
  author = {Tănase, Laurențiu D. and Dascălu, Cezar},
  doi = {10.33788/sr.22.1.7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {26681455},
  journal = {Sociologie Românească},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {116-136},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Perspectives on religious denominations and social crises in Romania},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33788/sr.22.1.7},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{pollak2024medienvertrauen,
  abstract = {Die Menschen in Ostdeutschland vertrauen „den Medien“ weniger als die Menschen im Westen. Einzig die sozialen Medien weisen im Osten deutlich höhere Glaubwürdigkeitswerte auf. Erklärungsfaktoren für die unterschiedlichen Vertrauenswerte gehen möglicherweise auf wahrgenommene mediale Repräsentationsdefizite und eine andere Erwartungshaltung der ostdeutschen Bevölkerung bezüglich des Zusammenspiels von Medien und Politik zurück. Medienvertrauen kann vor allem durch verstärkte Medienbildung und eine vermehrte journalistische Darstellung regionaler Perspektiven gestärkt werden.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Pollak, Christopher and Krüger, Uwe},
  booktitle = {Ostdeutschland: Identität, Lebenswelt oder politische Erfindung?},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-43485-4_13},
  editor = {Vogel, Lars and Lorenz, Astrid and Pates, Rebecca},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9783658434854},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {285-314},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Medienvertrauen in Ostdeutschland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43485-4_13},
  year = 2024
}

@article{paola2022mobilits,
  abstract = {La persistance du plafond de verre dans les premières parties de carrière en Europe tient à des dimensions individuelles et institutionnelles. Devenir parent pénalise toujours les mères, et profite aux carrières des pères. Ne pas bénéficier de système d'accueil des jeunes enfants défavorise seulement la carrière des femmes, alors que le reste à charge pour les familles ne joue pas de rôle substantiel.},
  author = {Paola, Vanessa di and Dupray, Arnaud and Moullet, Stéphanie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Céreq Essentiels},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 5,
  pages = {123-135},
  study = {EU-LFS 2015},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Les mobilités vers les fonctions managériales en Europe: incidence de la parentalité et des politiques familiales},
  url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-cereq-essentiels-2022-1-page-123.htm},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2022
}

@article{bein2023kollektive,
  abstract = {Die sozio-kulturellen Grundlagen einer Gesellschaft spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erklärung von Performanz in demokratischen Ordnungen, wie bereits Alexis de Tocqueville erkannt hat. Allerdings ist dieser Erklärungsansatz bis auf wenige Ausnahmen nicht systematisch weiterentwickelt worden, was insbesondere für den Gegenstand kollektiver politischer Identitäten gilt. Aufbauend auf der theoretischen Prämisse, wonach eine umfassende Verankerung des liberalen Paradigmas in der kollektiven politischen Identität eine Zielorientierung hinsichtlich ökonomischer Performanz und Wohlstand, eine Stärkung republikanisch-gemeinschaftsorientierter Elemente hingegen den Fokus auf sozio-ökonomische Sicherheit und Gleichheit legt, soll zur Schließung dieser Forschungslücke beigetragen werden. Gegenstand der empirischen Analyse ist eine Fuzzy-Set QCA, die überprüft, ob liberale und republikanische politische Identität notwendige oder hinreichende Bedingungen für eine wachsende Wirtschaft beziehungsweise soziale Gleichheit sind. Die beiden politischen Identitäten werden mit Hilfe von World Values Survey und European Values Study für den Zeitraum 2005 bis 2021 gemessen, die Grundlage der Performanzdaten sind die Sustainable Governance Indicators der Bertelsmann-Stiftung für die Jahre 2018 bis 2022. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass liberale politische Identität als Teil einer kombinatorischen Erklärung für ökonomische Performanz gesehen werden kann, der Erklärungsbeitrag republikanischer Identität für die sozialpolitische Performanz ist jedoch weniger eindeutig. Insgesamt ist eine äquifinale Vielfalt der Lösungspfade für Performanz in westlichen Demokratien und kombinierte Erklärungspotenziale beider untersuchten politischen Identitäten zu bilanzieren.},
  author = {Bein, Simon},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/s12286-023-00576-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {18652654},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  pages = {225–260},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Kollektive politische Identitäten und ihr Beitrag zur Erklärung staatlicher Performanz in Demokratien},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-023-00576-6},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2023
}

@article{myck2024parental,
  abstract = {Parental gender preferences may affect partnership decisions and as a result lead to early life disadvantages. We study these preferences in five post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, a region with strong traditional gender norms and persisting inequalities between women and men in labour market outcomes. Using subsamples of census from Belarus, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Russia around 2000 and 2010, we follow Dahl and Moretti (2008), The demand for sons, to examine the effect of the gender of the first-born child(ren) on fertility decisions and relationship stability of their parents. We only find strong evidence of ‘boy preferences’ in fertility decisions in the cases of Romania and Russia. However, unlike Dahl and Moretti (2008), The demand for sons, for the US, we cannot confirm a relationship between the children's gender and parental partnership decisions. This is the case for all examined Central and Eastern European countries, as well as for a number of countries from Western Europe. The cases of Romania and Russia raise questions about other potential consequences of the documented gender preferences. We argue that our approach can be applied more broadly to identify other countries characterised by parental gender preferences, and to motivate further examination of different forms of gender driven early life disadvantages.},
  author = {Myck, Michał and Oczkowska, Monika and Wowczko, Izabela},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13841},
  doi = {10.1111/ecot.12381},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v5.0.0},
  issn = {25776975},
  journal = {Economics of Transition and Institutional Change},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-27},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Parental gender preferences in Central and Eastern Europe and differential early life disadvantages},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12381},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2024
}

@article{savicka2023darbo,
  abstract = {Work and leisure are interlinked and mutually determining spheres of human life, both of which are socially constructed concepts that depend on a variety of cultural, social and economic factors. In contemporary society, the balance between work and leisure is particularly relevant in the light of various social, economic and technological changes, such as the intensification of work, the constant accessibility of workers to smart communication devices, the blurring of the boundaries between professional and private time, the introduction of flexible forms of work organisation, etc. The pursuit of work-life balance is therefore even becoming a kind of cultural value imperative aimed at ensuring individual and societal well-being.Using empirical data from the European Values Survey spanning almost three decades (1990-2017), this paper analyses the dynamics of value orientations related to work and leisure in Lithuania, in order to see how the importance of these areas of life and the perception of their relationship to each other is changing in different groups of the population, and how this is related to the change of generations. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, nonparametric covariance analysis and multiple group comparison test and revealed significant differences in value attitudes related to work and leisure and their interrelationship in different social generations in Lithuania, suggesting that, while the importance of work itself has remained essentially unchanged, we are witnessing a profound cultural change, manifested as a broadening of the spec-trum of expectations related to work and a search for a better work-life balance.},
  author = {Savicka, Aida},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.15388/STEPP.2023.6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {2345-0266},
  journal = {Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {69-87},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017},
  title = {Darbo ir laisvalaikio pusiausvyros paieškos iš kartų kaitos Lietuvos visuomenėje perspektyvos (Searching for a Balance between Work and Leisure from the Perspective of Generational Change in Lithuanian Society)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15388/STEPP.2023.6},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2023
}

@article{bentkowska2022instytucje,
  abstract = {Studies on economic development and ongoing changes clearly emphasise the importance of institutional factors. However, most often they focus on formal institutions. Meanwhile, deeply rooted informal institutions comprising customs, codes of conduct, behavioural norms that result from acquired experiences and value systems remain a poorly recognized element of the institutional system. This paper attempts to identify and operationalize some informal institutions and shows how the quality of institutions in Poland compares to selected European countries. The analysed informal institutions comprise trust, happiness, bonds with relatives, social capital, interest in politics, tolerance, resourcefulness and attitude to traditional values. The analysis reveals that in Poland informal institutions are assessed as weaker than in Western European countries, although even compared to other Central and Eastern European countries the assessment of their quality is not favourable.},
  author = {Bentkowska, Katarzyna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.34765/sp.0322.a03},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {17338050},
  journal = {Społeczeństwo i Polityka},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = {3 },
  pages = {37-60},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Instytucje nieformalne w Polsce na tle wybranych krajów Europy (Informal institutions in Poland in comparison with selected European countries)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.34765/sp.0322.a03},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2022
}

@book{kruse2024democratic,
  abstract = {"Dem offenen Bekenntnis der allermeisten Bürgerinnen und Bürger in liberalen Demokratien zur Demokratieidee stehen irritierende Befunde entgegen, die die Resilienz der individuellen prodemokratischen Überzeugungen in Zweifel ziehen. In diesem Buch wird ein neues Konzept einer Democratic Literacy eingeführt, das zur Erklärung der individuell unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Resilienz der Demokratieunterstützung beitragen soll. Democratic Literacy beinhaltet dabei solche Merkmale von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern, die sie dazu befähigen, sowohl die Chancen der bürgerlichen Einflussnahme in liberalen Demokratien zu ergreifen, als auch die Zumutungen dieses politischen Herrschaftssystems zu ertragen. Dieses Konzept unterscheidet sich hierbei von bestehenden Konzepten der Bürgerkompetenz zum einen dadurch, dass ihm – dem Literacy-Begriff entsprechend – ein funktionales Kompetenzverständnis innewohnt. Zum anderen ist Democratic Literacy ein domänenspezifisches Konzept der politischen Kompetenz, dessen Attribute sich von den systemischen Ansprüchen liberaler Demokratien ableiten lassen. Democratic Literacy umfasst schließlich solche Fähigkeiten im Sinne von politischen Kulturmerkmalen, die kongruent sind zu den strukturellen Anforderungen liberal-demokratischer politischer Systeme – nämlich: Entscheidungs- und Handlungsfähigkeit, Kooperations- und Konfliktfähigkeit, Monitoring-Fähigkeit, Frustrationstoleranz, Ambiguitätstoleranz, Unsicherheitstoleranz sowie Urteilsfähigkeit." Die Daten des ALLBUS aus dem Jahr 2018 werden in diesem Buch als Ergänzungsdatensatz verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 39. Fassung, Dezember 2024},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Kruse, Raphael},
  availability = {20.12.2024},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-44468-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study = {ALLBUS2018},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Democratic Literacy: Eine politisch-kulturelle Firewall für liberale Demokratien},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44468-6},
  year = 2024
}

@book{laakso2024familiar,
  abstract = {What is love? What does it truly mean to search for it within ourselves, in the world, and in the depths of our hearts? In this debut reflective memoir, J. J. Laakso masterfully interweaves one man’s personal growth with timeless, familiar, yet often forgotten truths. Through a combination of poetic spiritual awakening and philosophical pondering, Laakso constructs clear definitions and thought-provoking equations to answer some of life’s most profound questions. In an increasingly disconnected world, this book illuminates our eternal search for what we truly desire, both individually and collectively, in a manner that is unparalleled. So that we may one day love our effects with every breath of the rest of our lives As shapes of the infinity of our hearts drawn with the same love that shines As everything we are Sustainably happy Together.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Laakso, J.J.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 ; ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Austin Macauley Publishers},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022 ; EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Familiar Reflections: Of Love We Once Knew},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4232/1.13736},
  year = 2024
}

@article{cohnschwartz2024attitudes,
  abstract = {Studies often find gender differences in social networks in later life, but are these findings universal, or do they differ in various cultural contexts? To address this research gap, the current study examines the association between gender differences in social relationships and country-level gender-role attitudes. We combined data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) of individuals aged 50 years and older with country-level data on gender-role attitudes from the European Values Survey (EVS) for 15 European countries. We estimated a series of multivariate hierarchical regression models that predicted the size of the personal social network, its emotional closeness, and the proportion of the spouse, children, and friends in the network. The results indicated gender differences in social network characteristics. Women reported larger social networks and were more likely to have larger proportions of children and friends but smaller proportions of the spouse in their social networks. The magnitude of gender differences was associated with country-level gender-role attitudes. In countries with more egalitarian gender-role attitudes, women had larger networks with a larger proportion of friends compared to men. In countries with more traditional gender-role attitudes, women had larger proportions of their children and spouse in their social networks and had emotionally closer networks. Our findings suggest that the societal context and opportunity structures for social interactions play an important role in shaping the structure of women’s and men’s social relationships in later life.},
  author = {Cohn-Schwartz, Ella and Schmitz, Alina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socnet.2023.08.001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {03788733},
  journal = {Social Networks},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {79-87},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {From attitudes to social networks: National gender-role attitudes and gender differences in late-life social relationships},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2023.08.001},
  volume = 76,
  year = 2024
}

@article{arizamontes2016incidencia,
  abstract = {It is very difficult to define and typify volunteering due to the huge complexity voluntary work phenomenon has, including a large variety of interpretations, motivations, socio-demographic variables and cultural aspects associated to volunteers profile. The main objective of this study is to analyze the combined influence of some socio-demographic variables and cultural values, secular or traditional ones, over volunteers profile in Europe. Additionally, the study investigates what variables guide volunteers towards each volunteering type. A logistic regression methodology has been applied to the information obtained from the European Value Study. The results help to establish a characterization of volunteering in Europe, and confirm the influence of cultural values, on one hand, over carrying out or not voluntary work, and on the other hand, the influence over volunteers’ choice of the type of activity to be committed to. Analyzing two volunteering types with supposedly very different motivations, we come to the conclusion that a group of cultural values influence both of them, although in different direction and intensity; at the same time, some values have influence or not over volunteering depending on the specific type.},
  author = {Ariza Montes, José Antonio and Fernández Rodríguez, Vicente and Tirado Valencia, Pilar},
  doi = {10.5209/rev_REVE.2016.v120.49154},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {18858031},
  journal = {REVESCO: Revista de Estudios Cooperativos},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {7-34},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {La incidencia de los valores culturales en el voluntariado: el caso de Europa (The Influence of Cultural Values over Volunteering: The Case of Europe)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_REVE.2016.v120.49154},
  volume = 120,
  year = 2016
}

@incollection{benati2024predictors,
  abstract = {Using data from the last wave of the European Value Survey, we analyse and compare voters for authoritarian-populist parties in two European countries. Our purpose is to determine what features of populism are country-specific and what are instead indicative of a cross-country trend. We consider in particular the debate between economic deprivation versus cultural backlash theories, arguing that the choice between these two perspectives excessively simplifies analysis of the drivers of the right-wing populist vote. Instead, on the basis of a comparative analysis of the populist vote in France and Poland, we maintain that a more nuanced theory of the populist vote is needed. It should include historical factors that differentiate an ‘un-civic’ type of French populism from a traditionalist-religious Polish populism. This typology could be used to assess a broader set of populist electorates.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Benati, Stefano and Ruzza, Carlo},
  booktitle = {The Rule of Law in the EU: Challenges, Actors and Strategies},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-55322-6_12},
  editor = {Antoniolli, Luisa and Ruzza, Carlo},
  isbn = {9783031553226},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {209-221},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study = {study},
  title = {Predictors of Populism and Anti-populism in France and Poland: A Comparative Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55322-6_12},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{belchior2022democracia,
  address = {Lisbon},
  author = {Belchior, A. M. and Santana Pereira, J. and Pequito, C. and Martins, N. and Brás, T. and Moniz, J.},
  booktitle = {Um novo normal? Impactos e lições de dois anos de pandemia em Portugal},
  editor = {Monteiro, Nuno and Jalali, Carlos},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {222-279},
  publisher = {Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos},
  series = {CIS-CLN - Capítulos de livros nacionais},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A democracia em tempos de pandemia: Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no sistema político português},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10071/28287},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{katalin2022pszichoaktvszerhasznlattal,
  abstract = {A pszichoaktívszer-használattal és -használókkal kapcsolatos értékelő viszonyulások vizsgálata évtizedek óta meghatározó elemét képezi a problémakörre vonatkozó elméleti megfontolások, magyarázó modellek kidolgozásának. A szerhasználati magatartás kialakulása és fennmaradása szempontjából a jelenséggel kapcsolatos társadalmi attitűdök, azok mintázódása és tartalma meghatározó jelentőséggel bírhat, ahogy erre számos kutatás rámutatott (pl. Room, 2007). Az OLAAP 2019 kutatás során a pszichoaktívszer-használattal és -használókkal kapcsolatos társadalmi viszonyulások becslésére alkalmazott indikátorok kiválasztása során (is) a hazai és nemzetközi összehasonlíthatóságot tartottuk szem előtt. Ennek megfelelően a feltett kérdések a korábbi magyarországi általános populációs drogepidemiológiai vizsgálatok (Elekes, 2004; Elekes & Paksi, 2004; Paksi, 2003; Paksi et al., 2009, 2017) és/vagy az EMCDDA modellkérdőívének (EMQ, lásd EMCDDA, 2002) attitűdkérdéseivel harmonizálnak, ami lehetővé teszi az aktuális hazai adatok időbeni és nemzetközi kontextusba helyezését. Az OLAAP 2019 kutatás a pszichoaktívszer-használattal és -használókkal kapcsolatos társadalmi viszonyulások vizsgálata során a tiltott szerekkel / tiltottszer-fogyasztó magatartásokkal kapcsolatos attitűdök mellett kiterjedt a legális pszichoaktív szerekkel kapcsolatos viszonyulások megismerésére is. A kutatás során a pszichoaktívszer-használattal és -használókkal kapcsolatos társadalmi viszonyulások becslésére alkalmazott indikátorok és ezeknek a nemzetközi ajánlásokkal és a korábbi hazai vizsgálatokkal való kompatibilitásait részletesen bemutató táblázat megtalálható a 2.3 mellékletben. Jelen tanulmányban az OLAAP 2019-es adatfelvétel során vizsgált, a pszichoaktívszer-használattal és -használókkal kapcsolatos társadalmi viszonyulások megismerésére irányuló kérdések közül a társadalmi távolsággal, a veszélyészleléssel, valamint a drogfüggők megítélésével és a drogpolitikával kapcsolatos attitűdökkel foglalkozunk. Az első két kérdéskört többféle pszichoaktív szer vonatkozásában is lehetőségünk nyílik megvizsgálni. Tanulmányunkban először a 18–64 éves népesség pszichoaktívszer-használattal és -használókkal kapcsolatos attitűdjeit mutatjuk be, ezt követően a különböző attitűddimenziók társadalmi mintázódását vizsgáljuk először leíró-statisztikai eszközökkel, majd kísérletet teszünk arra, hogy a Társadalmi Távolság-skála mentén kapott adatok becslésére különböző szociodemográfiai háttérrel és szerhasználati előzményekkel kapcsolatos változók bevonásával magyarázó modellt alkossunk. Ezt követően bemutatjuk, hogy a társadalmi attitűdök alakulásában milyen változások zajlottak le az elmúlt közel két évtizedben (2001–2019 között). Végezetül pedig áttekintjük, hogy a nemzetközi térben megvalósított, a droghasználattal és -használókkal is foglalkozó attitűdkutatások milyen társadalomképet rajzolnak ki. Néhány esetben az adatfelvételi módszerek egyezősége lehetőséget teremt a nemzetközi és hazai tapasztalatok összevetésére is.},
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Katalin, Felvinczi and Anna, Magi and Péter, Sárosi and Borbála, Paksi},
  booktitle = {Addiktológiai Problémák Magyarországon: Helyzetkép a lakossági kutatások tükrében},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13736},
  editor = {Borbála, Paksi and Zsolt, Demetrovics},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {198-245},
  publisher = {ELTE PPK – L’Harmattan Kiadó},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS1981-2017},
  title = {A pszichoaktívszer-használattal és -használókkal kapcsolatos társadalmi viszonyulások},
  url = {https://edit.elte.hu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10831/64824/Addiktologiai_problemak_1_kotet.pdf?sequence=1},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{augusto2024juventude,
  address = {Santa Maria},
  author = {Augusto, Nuno Miguel},
  booktitle = {Juventudes em português: expressões juvenis de língua portuguesa},
  doi = {10.48209/978-65-5417-251-2},
  editor = {Nedel, Victor and Henriques, Susana and Vieira, Cristina Pereira},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {57-73},
  publisher = {ARCO Editores},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Juventude E Participação Política: Algumas Evidências Da Realidade Portuguesa},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48209/978-65-5417-251-2},
  year = 2024
}

@article{alfano2023health,
  abstract = {Religion has played a role in facilitating the coexistence of many people, hence making complex societies possible. Since secularization, its role has apparently become less important, even though crises tend to push people towards religion. Did a belief in God play a role in the public's behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic? The literature suggests that during a crisis more and more people find comfort in religion. Using data about the share of believers and the evolution of the contagion in three different sets of countries, by means of a quantitative analysis that employs hybrid models, we find evidence of a positive relationship between the share of citizens that believe in God and the trend in COVID-19 infections. This suggests that believing in God does not help the coexistence of a large number of people in this setting, and provides lessons regarding ways to implement stricter non-pharmaceutical interventions in these countries that will achieve better results.},
  author = {Alfano, Vincenzo},
  data_doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socec.2023.102098},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2214-8043},
  journal = {Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {God or good health? Evidence on belief in God in relation to public health during a pandemic},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2023.102098},
  volume = 107,
  year = 2023
}

@article{heyets2023restructuring,
  abstract = {Introduction: The war of 2022—2023, with the still unclear end time, has caused large-scale instability in Ukraine in most, if not all spheres of society, state, and population. Problem Statement: Studying the sociological nature on the ongoing changes gives grounds to speak about significant transformation in the "well rooted" cultural features of Ukrainian society, such as the governance gap and individualism against the background of a significant increase in trust in the government, increased interpersonal trust, reduced basic financial requirements etc. Thanks to these changes, the restructuring of socialization in Ukraine’s population took place against the background of the coincidence of personal and public interests. Purpose: To study the causes of the pre-war contradictions and decreased trust in the government, as well as the ways to avoid them during the post-war (economic) recovery. Material and Methods: The author have used materials and data of statistical observations of the State Employment Service, the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, as well as international and national sociological surveys and employed the following methods: abstract-logical, monographic, statistical and sociological observations, comparative, balance, and graphic ones. Results: The research deals with various components of social and economic policy aimed at transforming the processes of socialization to promote long-term social and economic progress, using the window of opportunity that opens and will remain open for some time in post-war conditions. Conclusions: The threat of the so-called "culture of poverty" as one of the possible forms of socialization in post-war conditions, with its negative consequences for the post-war recovery, can and should be overcome by supporting individual economic activities, which should be considered, in economic policy, basic life activities performed through the internalization of opportunities to expand the social base and to motivate by encouraging people’s interest in raising the level of satisfaction of individual needs.},
  author = {Heyets, V. M.},
  doi = {10.15407/scine19.06.003},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {2409-9066},
  journal = {Science and Innovation},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {3–18},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Restructuring the Socialization of Ukraine’s Population Under Instability and in Post-Stabilization Period},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15407/scine19.06.003 },
  volume = 19,
  year = 2023
}

@article{cabelkova2023environmental,
  abstract = {Environmental protection is often seen in conflict with individual freedom and economic growth. The proponents of environmental protection suggest that the environment is a global resource that must be protected for future generations, even at the expense of economic growth and individual freedoms. The opponents claim that environmental protection should not come at the expense of individual rights and liberties, economic growth included. This paper studies the associations between public preferences for environmental protection, economic growth, and individual freedoms in eleven post-soviet countries on a representative dataset (N = 20006, age 18+, M ± SD: 46,04 ± 17,07; 58% women, 46,8% upper education). Methodologically we rely on correlations, principal component analysis, and ordinal regression analyses. The results suggest that preferences for most personal freedoms studied predict environmental protection and economic growth preferences. In addition, preferences for civil rights, rights for democracy, gender equality, income inequality, and the low role of the army in politics predicted higher preferences for environmental protection and economic growth. Interestingly, the government’s right to video surveillance in public areas, though diminishing personal freedoms in terms of anonymity, predicted higher preferences for environmental protection and economic growth. The importance of God in lives proved to increase preferences for environmental protection but was negatively related to preferences for economic growth. We suggest the government communicate the need for environmental protection as a part of the rights for individual freedom to live in a clean environment.},
  author = {Čábelková, Inna and Smutka, Luboš and Mareš, David and Ortikov, Akhmadjon and Kontsevaya, Stanislava},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560 ; 10.4232/1.13714 ; 10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2023.1129236},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0 ; ZA7539 v1.0.0 ; ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {2296665X},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Environmental protection or economic growth? The effects of preferences for individual freedoms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1129236},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2023
}

@article{gora2023religion,
  abstract = {The contribution investigates the role of religion in the work and attitudes of Polish members of the European Parliament (MEPs). It draws on two types of data: the results of the Polish part of the survey on Religion in the European Parliament and in European multilevel governance II (RelEP2) and qualitative content analysis of Polish MEPs’ speeches from the first part of the European Parliament’s ninth term of office (July 2019–June 2021). The analysis of the MEPs’ plenary speeches reveals the pivotal role religion plays in articulating the main national political divide between sovereignists and Europeanists over attitudes to European integration. Religion, treated primarily as a cultural resource and identity marker, has become instrumental for the process of politicisation of EU integration at the supranational level – mirroring processes on the domestic level – pursued especially by MEPs representing right-wing orientations. The analysis of the survey results demonstrates that Catholicism constitutes an important element of many Polish MEPs’ individual value systems and identities. However, this translates into an ambivalent perception of the role of religion in the context of the public sphere.},
  author = {Góra, Magdalena and Zielińska, Katarzyna},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1080/09637494.2023.2273063},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0963-7494},
  journal = {Religion, State and Society},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {4-5},
  pages = {434-451},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Religion in the narratives of Polish members of the European Parliament – politicising European integration?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2023.2273063},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2023
}

@article{trolle2023religion,
  abstract = {As a typical example of mobile religious youth, Filipinos travel to Denmark for a two-year stay as au pairs (aged 18–30). During those two years, the au pairs either opt out of religious practice or intensify their relationship to God in new ways. Whichever they choose, migration brings opportunities to grow as individuals and as active advocates of faith. Using descriptive statistics from the Philippines and Denmark, I compare youth generations to show how Filipino youth inhabit religious traditions in different ways than their Danish peers. The macro perspective on age cohorts reveals that theories of generation and youth should be re-drawn to fit the local religious context. In the second section of the article, I analyse semi-structured interviews with au pairs to make clear how global ways of enacting religion comes to the fore through ideas of choice, authenticity, and ambivalence.},
  author = {Trolle, Astrid Krabbe},
  doi = {10.1163/18748945-bja10072},
  journal = {Social Sciences and Missions},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {43-64},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Au Pair Religion: Authenticity and Ambivalence among Young Filipinos in Denmark},
  url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/ssm/36/1-2/article-p43_3.xml},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2023
}

@book{almeida2024politics,
  abstract = {This book analyses the political and public debates about euthanasia in Portugal. Utilising petitions submitted to Parliament, legislative bills, parliamentary debates, opinion articles in newspapers, and documents published by the Catholic Church, it examines this sensitive issue through the theoretical lens of morality politics. It does so by studying the process of political dispute between advocacy coalitions formed by political parties and societal actors. This is the first book to comprehensively analyse a morality issue in Portugal, a predominantly Catholic country that has taken an innovative and liberal stance on many morality issues over the last two decades. It will appeal to students and scholars of sociology, political science, public policy and bioethics, as well as policymakers and other interest groups.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Almeida, Inês Santos and Mota, Luís F.},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-44588-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-3-031-44588-0},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan Cham},
  study = {EVS1981-2017},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Politics and Policies in the Debate on Euthanasia: Morality Issues in Portugal},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44588-0},
  year = 2024
}

@article{bogatyrev2024verge,
  author = {Bogatyrev, Konstantin and Bogusz, Honorata},
  data-doi = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  doi = {10.1332/25151088Y2024D000000024},
  gesis-study_no = {10.4232/1.14021},
  journal = {European Journal of Politics and Gender},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {242–248},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {On the verge of progress? LGBTQ+ politics in Poland after the 2023 elections},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1332/25151088Y2024D000000024},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2025
}

@article{donna2024redistributive,
  abstract = {The conflicting views that agents and voters have about redistributive taxation have been broadly studied. The literature has focused on situations where the counterfactual outcomes that would have occurred had other actions been chosen are observable or point identified. I analyze this problem from an econometric standpoint, in a context of ambiguity. The extent to which individuals are responsible for their own fate is partially identified. Agents have partial knowledge of the relative importance of effort in the generation of income inequality and, therefore, the magnitude of the incentive costs. I present a simple model of redistribution and show that multiple equilibria might arise even in the presence of ambiguity: One where the rate of redistribution is high, agents are pessimistic, and exert low effort (Pessimism/Welfare State), and another where the redistribution tax rate is low, agents are optimistic, and exert high effort (Optimism/Laissez Faire).},
  author = {Donna, Javier D.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/s00355-023-01500-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1432-217X},
  journal = {Social Choice and Welfare},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {583–607},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Redistributive politics under ambiguity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-023-01500-3},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2024
}

@article{valgardsson2024recession,
  abstract = {A potential puzzle has emerged in the study of political trust: recent studies indicate that individuals' trust judgements are remarkably stable over their life course, but many other studies have observed long-term declines of trust in the aggregate. In particular, trust clearly declined substantially during and following the 2008 economic (and political) crisis in many European countries severely affected by it: especially Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In this study, I focus on these countries and ask to what extent the crisis may have resulted in a 'recession generation' of citizens who were in their formative years at the time and may have adopted less trusting political orientations that have persisted since, more or less independent of life-cycle and period effects. To answer this question, I present descriptive visualizations of trust levels by citizens' age over time and conduct statistical age-period-cohort (APC) analysis of political trust levels using generalized additive models (GAMs) on data from the Eurobarometer (1997-2022) and the European Values Study / World Values Survey (EVS/WVS). The findings are inconclusive: descriptive comparisons of age-by-year diagonals suggest this cohort of citizens may indeed have lower levels of trust than older and younger cohorts, above and beyond the effects of life cycle and period – but the results from GAMs differ between countries and data sources and only show the expected cohort effect in three cases. These tentative results have implications for our understanding of the nature of political trust judgements and the potential socializing effects of major political events on citizens attitude-formation, but they await confirmation in future studies which will have the benefit of longer-term data and potentially further innovations in APC analysis.},
  author = {Valgarðsson, Viktor Orri},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2024.1245666},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 ; ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {26733145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study = {Eurobarometer 1997-2022},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2020},
  title = {The recession generation? Age-period-cohort dynamics of political trust in six countries severely affected by the 2008 crisis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1245666},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2024
}

@article{melegh2023migration,
  abstract = {Seeking to understand how socio-historical factors shaped global emigration trends in the new globalization cycle and how Eastern Europe’s integration into these processes might be linked to the rising nationalism and anti-migrant attitudes of this region, we created macro-models on a worldwide sample of 77 countries and examined the impact of the socio-economic change of the early 90’s on later emigration trends. The key research question refers to the macro-historical processes, which facilitated the spread and the rise of anti-migrant nationalism in Eastern Europe. Based on log-linear regression results, we found evidences, which support Bibó’s idea on how the historically evolving “misery” and insecurity of East European nations triggered migration anxieties in the opening-up phase of globalisation. Even though somewhat different developmental trajectories and structural pathways characterize the countries of this region – in terms of the cumulative impacts of opening up to global capital markets, the increasing incomes or re-ruralisation – an ex-socialist Eastern Europe at the fringe of an unequal and open market block seems to be a prime example of how the above pathways could have shaped public mentalities.},
  author = {Melegh, Attila and Csányi, Zoltán},
  data-doi = {10.14281/18241.10},
  doi = {10.1080/25739638.2023.2274671},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2573-9638},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {561-584},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Migration anxieties in Eastern Europe. Material grounds for an anti-migrant turn in a global-historical perspective?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2023.2274671},
  volume = 31,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{owen2022democratisation,
  abstract = {This article responds to the statistically established finding in democratisation studies that British rule seems to have been good for the survival of democracy in its former empire, and that the longer a nation spent under British rule, the likelier it is to have sustained democracy since independence. This is a finding which puzzles political scientists because they think of democracy and empire as opposites. The article considers the uses made of democratic innovation by the British and the responses anti-colonial nationalists made to the offer to ‘lead them to democracy’. It places democracy and empire in a different, more complex relationship. It also considers the contribution of anti-colonial protest to the working of democracy.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Owen, Nicholas},
  booktitle = {Connected Empires, Connected Worlds: Essays in Honour of John Darwin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10789},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003284062-8},
  editor = {Fletcher, Robert S.G. and Mountford, Benjamin and Potter, Simon J.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {174-198},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Democratisation and the British Empire},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003284062-8},
  year = 2022
}

@article{barnes2023structural,
  abstract = {This article investigates how macro-level structures condition the sources of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Drawing on multiple social science disciplines, the authors develop theoretically grounded propositions about how different types of welfare states, varieties of capitalism, and social structures give rise to cross-national variations in the sources of health inequalities. They consider how these macro-level structures affect the distribution of five key resources important to health, estimate the relative contribution that each resource makes to health inequalities, and compare those contributions in 21 developed democracies. Moving beyond a current literature focused on welfare states, the authors show how different types of political economies and social structures also condition the health gradient. This research carries implications for policy and suggests agendas for further investigation into the relationship between macro-level structures and inequalities in health.},
  author = {Barnes, Lucy and Hall, Peter A. and Taylor, Rosemary C.R.},
  doi = {10.1177/23780231231174832},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1680 ; ZA7503 ; ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {23780231},
  journal = {Socius},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {ISSP1987 ; EVS1981-2020},
  title = {The Structural Sources of Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: A Cross-National Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231174832},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2023
}

@article{leissner2023media,
  abstract = {In lifestyle politics, citizens take political action by adapting their everyday lives to address transnational challenges, such as climate change. An important driver of lifestyle politics is exposure to media--both mass media, serving as important information sources, and social media, enabling discussion and expression. To explore how elements of culture shape this relationship, this study examines (a) the link between media use (measured by mass media and social media use) and lifestyle politics across 28 European countries and (b) how cultural context factors (measured by national levels of postmaterialist orientation and trust) moderate this relationship. Results of a multilevel analysis support the positive link between mass media use and lifestyle politics across all countries. However, the results also suggest that the relationship between social media use and lifestyle politics is positive only in countries with postmaterialist orientations and high levels of trust, underscoring the importance of cultural context factors.},
  author = {Leissner, Laura},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA6925 ; ZA5929},
  journal = {International Journal of Communication},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1486-1509},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EB88.1 ; EB81.5},
  title = {Media Use and Green Lifestyle Politics in Diverse Cultural Contexts of Postmaterialist Orientation and Generalized Trust: Findings From a Multilevel Analysis},
  url = {https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/issue/view/19#more1},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{seewann2021werte,
  abstract = {During the last three decades societal changes and challenges in Austria were often addressed as a matter of values, both in public as well as scientific discussions. The main assumption of value change, or specifically the erosion of Christian identities, was a focal point in this debate. The European Values Study collects data on the values and attitudes in different domains of life since the year 1990, and thus enables a long term analysis of the Austrian population over the last 30 years. On the basis of this data, this chapter introduces the dynamics and stabilities of religious values in Austria. The diverse proceses can be characterized by three terms: Exit, Emigration and Extension.},
  author = {Seewann, Lena and Rohs, Patrick},
  booktitle = {Handbuch der Religionen },
  doi = {10.5771/9783866175082-I-14.2.3.4},
  editor = {Winter, Franz},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Werte und religiöser Wandel in Österreich 1990-2018: Austritt, Auswanderung, Ausdifferenzierung},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783866175082-I-14.2.3.4},
  year = 2021
}

@article{zafar2023religion,
  abstract = {Despite a growing interest in the influence of religion on economic growth, research on how religion influences an individual's decision for entrepreneurship/self-employment is limited. Our study examines this largely unexplored association between religion and entrepreneurship using multi-level modeling. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to use the latest wave 7 of the World Values Survey (51 countries) and the joint World Values Survey and European Values Study Survey (81 countries) dataset from 2017 to 2021 to examine this association. We also examine gender differences in entrepreneurship across different regions. Besides religious denominations, our study examines several other individual and country-level determinants of entrepreneurship such as age, education, ethics such as hard work and the corruption index. Our main findings illustrate that while belonging to some religions is conducive to becoming an entrepreneur/self-employed, this is not the case for all religions. Further, notable gender differences can be found in terms of entrepreneurship. Among the different religions, Muslim females have a lower likelihood of being self-employed. Our study provides key policy insights.},
  author = {Zafar, Sameen and Ammara, Suman},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13095},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-022-01608-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.0.0},
  issn = {15737845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {5213–5240},
  study = {Joint EVS/ WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Religion and entrepreneurship: a gendered multi-country analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01608-1},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{andras2022vallsi,
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {András, Máté-Tóth and Gergely, Rosta},
  booktitle = {Társadalmi Riport 2022},
  editor = {Tamás, Kolosi and Iván, Szelényi and György, Tóth István},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {457-472},
  publisher = {TÁRKI},
  series = {Társadalmi Riport},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ZA7500},
  title = {Vallási riport, 1991–2022: Magyarországi trendek nemzetközi összehasonlításban},
  url = {http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/26747/1/457_472TRIP2022_MateTothRosta.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{pavic2024religion,
  abstract = {This article takes as its starting point an understanding of socio-political polarisation as a situation in which there are overlapping sources of division concerning specific social and political issues that are not randomly distributed, implying that such a polarisation can be related to higher levels of social conflicts and threats to democratic consensus. Based on data from the European Values Study, the study tests two research questions related to polarisation trends between 1999 and 2018, and the connections between religiosity, political orientation, and attitudes on some morally contentious issues (homosexuality and abortion) in Croatia.The results show an increase in socio-political polarisation, i.e. a significant increase in the connection between religiosity and the above-mentioned attitudes in the last wave of the European Values Study. The article proposes a three-fold explanation of these findings: (1) civil society mobilisation („cultural wars“) as a response to the secularisation trends, (2) elite polarisation within the Croatian political context, and (3) changes within the media environment. In conclusion, some lessons that can be learned from this case study for the sociological study of religion are put forward.},
  author = {Pavić, Željko},
  doi = {10.20413/rascee.2024.17.1.69-81},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Religion and Society in Central and Eastern Europe},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {69-81},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religion and the Increase of Socio-political Polarization in Croatian Society},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20413/rascee.2024.17.1.69-81},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2024
}

@book{coron2023strotypes,
  abstract = {Ce livre étudie les liens entre stéréotypes de genre et inégalités professionnelles entre femmes et hommes en Europe. Plus précisément, il se fonde sur des données européennes pour étudier la prévalence des stéréotypes de genre, en France comme dans d’autres pays européens, et la manière dont ces stéréotypes de genre contribuent aux inégalités entre femmes et hommes dans la sphère professionnelle. Il s’intéresse aussi aux pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines et aux fonctionnements organisationnels qui favorisent ou au contraire portent atteinte à l’égalité. Cet ouvrage cherche ainsi à préciser le rôle des entreprises dans l’atteinte de l’égalité femmes-hommes, dans un contexte où les stéréotypes de genre constituent des facteurs explicatifs des inégalités professionnelles.},
  address = {Caen},
  author = {Coron, Clotilde},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Éditions EMS},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Stéréotypes de genre et inégalités professionnelles entre femmes et hommes: Quelles responsabilités pour les organisations?},
  year = 2023
}

@article{lee2023religiosity,
  abstract = {This study analyzes the relationship between religion and subjective well-being (SWB), specifically life satisfaction and happiness, using data taken from European Value Survey’s wave 5 survey results. In particular, this study explores to what extent these two measures are influenced by personal religiosity in Europe. Religiosity itself is not directly observable, but rather a latent concept and summarizing term for various dimensions. The dimensions of religiosity are identified using a principal component analysis(PCA) with oblique rotation of 10 variables taken from the EVS wave 5, which are considered to cover the most important religiosity characteristics. The rotated component matrix of the PCA identifies three components: religiosity, eternality, and being raised religiously. All three components were found to exert positive influences on both SWB and happiness. The magnitudes of these effects, when combined, are almost the same as those of household income or marital status in increasing both SWB and happiness.},
  author = {Lee, Chong Wha},
  doi = {10.21487/jrm.2023.8.8.2.71},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {25082183},
  journal = {Journal of Research Methodology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {71-100},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {종교는 행복감을 높이는가? 유럽가치관조사 (EVS) 자료의 실증분석 (Does Religiosity enhance Subjective Well-Being in Europe? Evidence from EVS(2017-2020))},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21487/jrm.2023.8.8.2.71},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2023
}

@article{2022,
  abstract = {It was established that in the process of Ukrainian refugees’ integration in the EU, there are frequent instances of insuffi cient mutual understanding between the participants of international communication. Typical examples of this are the contacts of refugees with the offi cial services of host countries. Refugees are dissatisfi ed that unfamiliar bureaucratic regulations, complex procedures, and long waiting periods hinder quick and trouble-free resolution of issues. Th e offi cers of the services are also dissatisfi ed with the misunderstanding and uneasy acceptance of the prescribed rules by the refugees. Both parties are mutually dissatisfi ed with each other’s behavior. Th is behavior seems incomprehensible and unjustifi ed, although in fact it is quite normal for the other party. But the parties lack awareness of the cultural peculiarities of behavior existing in another country. Since human behavior is largely determined by values, the perception of basic life values importance by Ukrainians and residents of other EU countries was studied. Based on the combined data of World Values Survey and European Values Study for 2017-2020, a secondary analysis was conducted focusing on sociological indicators of the importance of six main components of life: family, friends and acquaintances, work, free time, religion and politics, for residents of eight European countries from diff erent clusters of the Inglehart–Welzel world map of cross-cultural diff erences. It was determined that in the intercountry comparison, there are much more similarities than diff erences in most indicators. Th is is a favorable factor for establishing a good mutual understanding between the participants of international communication in the process of Ukrainian refugees’ integration in the EU. In order to improve mutual understanding, it is proposed to inform refugees more about the current rules of administrative services provision and to spread in the public space of host countries knowledge about the national peculiarities of behavior, specific cultural norms, traditions aand customs of various European peoples.},
  author = {Левін, Роман and Яценко, Ганна},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.15407/economyukr.2022.10.051},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  issn = {25229303},
  journal = {Економіка України},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {51-60},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Сприйняття життєвих цінностей українцями та іншими європейцями в контексті проблем інтеграції українських біженців у ЄС},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.10.051},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2022
}

@article{berg2023educational,
  abstract = {Background: Universities are described as “waiting halls” for union formation. However, little is known about the size of the educational gradient in single living after leaving home. Objective: This paper examines the educational gradient in single living after leaving home in 30 European countries and the role of gender and the gender climate in each country for this gradient. Methods: I use data from the European Social Survey, supplemented with data from the OECD and European Values Study for the contextual measures. Predicted probabilities for single living are compared across educational groups, genders, and countries. Using random slope models with an interaction between education and the gender climate, I examine whether the educational gradient is larger in less gender-egalitarian countries. Results: The results show, on average, a positive educational gradient in single living after leaving home. However, there is substantial variation in its size. First, the gradient is larger among women. Second, there are cross-national differences in the size of the gradient and gender differences in the gradient. The cross-national variation depends on the gender climate in the country. Among women, the educational gradient is smaller in countries with a higher women’s labor force participation. Conclusion The results show that stratification in single living after leaving home is especially prominent among women in less gender-egalitarian countries. Contribution: The article presents a comprehensive overview of the educational gradient in single living after leaving home by gender and country, demonstrating the importance of the gender climate.},
  author = {Berg, Lonneke van den},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.4054/DemRes.2023.48.6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  journal = {Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {153-188},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2008},
  title = {The educational gradient in young singlehood: The role of gender and the gender climat},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2023.48.6},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2023
}

@article{westlund2024pandemic,
  abstract = {Based on the concept of teleworkability, its sluggish determinants of industry structure and workplace culture, and the change in people's valuation of rural amenities that happened during the pandemic, this paper analyzes their possible influence on counterurbanization during the pandemic in Sweden and Slovenia. We found signs of open (migration) as well as "hidden" counterurbanization (unregistered rural living) in both countries, stronger in Sweden than in Slovenia, and we found indications that industrial structure and national workplace cultures contributed to differences in the strength of the counterurbanization. In both countries, we found indications that the pandemic contributed to a shift in people's relative valuation of rural vs. urban amenities. Thus, while the sluggish factors contributed to differences in teleworkability between Sweden and Slovenia, the chock implied similar reactions in the shift of the valuation of amenities. Ever since the counterurbanization of the 1970s, studies of the phenomenon have almost solely been completed within countries, and the few international comparisons that have been completed have been based on comparing the results of the national studies. This study is one of the very first ones that compares counterurbanization and its driving forces in two countries within the same analytical framework.},
  author = {Westlund, Hans and Gorišek, Maruša and Podmenik, Darka and Rebernik, Maša},
  doi = {10.3390/su16166904},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {2071-1050},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 16,
  pages = {1-17},
  study = {Eurobarometer 2018},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Pandemic and Counterurbanization: A Comparison of Sweden and Slovenia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166904},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2024
}

@book{webb2024advanced,
  abstract = {Paul Webb’s Advanced Introduction to Party Systems expertly draws upon major theories and concepts, existing literature, and cutting-edge empirical evidence to present an authoritative contribution to the field of party systems. Webb rigorously explores the different types of party systems that exist, the role of socio-political cleavages and electoral systems in shaping them, their evolution over time, and their significance for government and the wider functioning of democracy.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Webb, Paul},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Advanced Introduction to Party Systems},
  url = {https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/advanced-introduction-to-party-systems-9781035313303.html},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{durand2023using,
  abstract = {This chapter aims at examining the main statistical issues that any researcher faces when generating and eventually analyzing a harmonized data set. We first present the challenges faced when combining the data. Three steps must be taken when combining data sets. We must select the appropriate data and measures. We must decide which analytical procedure(s) to use and, once these decisions have been taken, it is necessary to make sure that the analyses performed on the harmonized data set will not lead to biased results. How we deal with these issues often determines what we can – or cannot – do with the data set afterward. We tackle three issues that stem from analyzing harmonized data sets, that is dealing with time, with missing values, and with weighting. This chapter shows that there are so many differences between survey projects, including the questions asked, the way they are asked, and where and when they are asked, that any analysis has to carefully assess how these different aspects interact with each other before reaching firm conclusions on specific effects.},
  address = {Hoboken},
  author = {Durand, Claire},
  booktitle = {Survey Data Harmonization in the Social Sciences},
  doi = {10.1002/9781119712206.ch20},
  editor = {Slomczynski, Kazimierz M. and Tomescu-Dubrow, Irina and Jenkins, J. Craig and Wolf, Christof},
  isbn = {9781119712206},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {347-365},
  publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {On Using Harmonized Data in Statistical Analysis: Notes of Caution},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119712206.ch20},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{kizilova2023political,
  address = {Lanham},
  author = {Kizilova, Kseniya and Haerpfer, Christian},
  booktitle = {Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region},
  doi = {10.5771/9781666918267-5},
  editor = {Voicu, Malina and Kizilova, Kseniya and Zulean, Marian},
  isbn = {9781666918267},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {89-130},
  publisher = {Rowman & Littlefield},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Political Culture: Trust and Regime Support in the Black Sea Region},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9781666918267-5},
  year = 2023
}

@article{dimauro2024individual,
  abstract = {Despite growing interest in both party and citizens’ support for the EU, the relationship between sources of public attitudes toward the EU and the values deriving from structural cleavages remains poorly observed. Particularly, the emergence of a new Transnational Cleavage appears theoretically and empirically disconnected from the state of knowledge on the sources of support and opposition for the Union. How do past explanations of support for the EU relate to individual positioning along Green-Alternative-Libertarian (GAL) and Traditional-Authoritarian-Nationalist (TAN) values? Our research aims to bridge public opinion studies on support for the EU with cleavage theory, going beyond the analysis of party positions, but focusing, instead, on citizens’ beliefs at the individual level. Our results show that transnational cleavage defines a dimension on which explanatory factors of support for the EU align consistently. Differently from the U-curve of the left-right cleavage, it shows a linear trend profiling pros versus opponents of the EU integration process.},
  author = {Di Mauro, Danilo and Memoli, Vincenzo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13093.},
  doi = {10.1080/23745118.2024.2364607},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v1.0.0},
  issn = {23745118},
  journal = {European Politics and Society},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {150-168},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Individual sources of support for the EU and transnational cleavage beliefs: assessing the relationship},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2024.2364607},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2025
}

@article{peugny2023jeunes,
  abstract = {Young people are often described as being particularly concerned by climate issues. This article tests this hypothesis empirically by distinguishing two different attitudes towards the environment : “weak environmentalism”, which refers a simple awareness of environmental issues, and “strong environmentalism”, which grants priority to environmental issues at the expense of economic imperatives. In both cases, the level of environmental awareness of young people under 30 does not differ significantly from that observed among other age groups, even if the determinants of this environmental concern vary somewhat with age.},
  author = {Peugny, Camille},
  doi = {10.3917/rfsp.731.0041},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9782724640427},
  journal = {Revue française de science politique},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 1,
  pages = {41-63},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Plus jeunes donc plus verts? Des effets de l’âge sur le degré de préoccupation environnementale},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/rfsp.731.0041},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2023
}

@article{norris2022mobilisiert,
  abstract = {Russlands Invasion in die Ukraine sieht sich erbittertem Widerstand gegenüber, nicht nur des ukrainischen Militärs, sondern auch der normalen Bürger:innen. Auf der Grundlage von Umfrageergebnissen geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, wer in der ukrainischen Gesellschaft zu kämpfen bereit ist, und welche Motivationen es gibt, zur Waffe zu greifen.},
  author = {Norris, Pippa and Kizlova, Kseniya},
  doi = {10.31205/UA.266.02},
  issn = {1862-555X},
  journal = {Ukraine-Analysen},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 266,
  pages = {5-10},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Was mobilisiert den ukrainischen Widerstand?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31205/UA.266.02},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{bartkowski2024polish,
  abstract = {The topic of this chapter is the question of the lack of a true democratic political elite in Poland. The article describes the low assessment of the elites by public opinion, the negative role of the populist ruling elite, the low participation of women in the elite, the social characteristics of the religious elites, and as a reference point for the actual elites - the heritage of the intelligentsia. The reason for the lack of a democratic elite is the dominance of the second generation of post-transformation politicians, whose political socialization has resulted in the widespread use of political malpractice combined with a weak internalization of the significance of basic political institutions.},
  address = {Warschau},
  author = {Bartkowski, Jerzy},
  booktitle = {Elites of Post-Transformation: The Case of Central and Eastern European Countries},
  doi = {10.31338/uw.9788323563884},
  editor = {Kulas, Piotr and Wielecki, Kamil M.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-83-235-6396-9},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {119-157},
  publisher = {Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Polish Political Elites - An unfinished Project},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323563884},
  year = 2024
}

@article{giuliani2023investigating,
  abstract = {The positions of the radical right parties (RRPs) concerning the family have generally been examined through a socio-cultural lens, but very little is known about their distributive preferences. Based on the theoretical insights from the literature on varieties of familialism and social investment, the article investigates the RRPs' family policy agenda in terms of preference and support for familialism and de-familialism. Furthermore, cross-country similarities and differences will be investigated through an explanatory framework that combines the literature on partisan politics with that on historical institutionalism. A content analysis of party manifestos has shown that the RRPs adopt a male-breadwinner policy agenda, mostly intended to please their authoritarian electorate. However, comparative empirical research has highlighted some cross-country differences. These are explained by considering the counter-feedback mechanism triggered by the policy legacies, which provides RRPs with divergent electoral incentives and disincentives to promote their family policy agenda.},
  author = {Giuliani, Giovanni Amerigo},
  doi = {10.1017/ipo.2022.23},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00488402},
  journal = {Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {179-200},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Investigating the radical right's family policy agenda: evidence from six European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2022.23},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2023
}

@article{diazderada2023inhabitants,
  abstract = {This paper carries out a comparative analysis of the religious beliefs and practices of residents in France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, using two waves of the World Values Survey. The main objective is to investigate the impact that secularization has had on the religious experience in these countries. More specifically, the prospection is carried out around the Christian creed in its Protestant and Catholic manifestations, understood as the majority beliefs in these countries. To carry out this task, we compiled a series of data distributed around the following categories: Contextualization: The importance of religion within different aspects of life; level of religiosity and membership in religious denominations; the sphere of beliefs: Belief in God, belief in life after death, belief in hell, and belief in heaven; scope of practices; and the nones. Subsequently, we carry out an explanatory-interpretative analysis articulated around four questions or challenges faced by these religious forms in the context of secularization: 1. The crisis of Christianity; 2. the thesis of European exceptionalism; and 3. the rise of the nones. In conclusion, the data analyzed allow us to affirm&mdash;with nuances&mdash;the following: 1. The existence of a process of dechurching in the heart of Christianity; 2. the confirmation that the European case is exceptional if we compare it with other trends or other cultural programs of secularization; 3. that the area of greatest dechurching is linked to community practice, something that allows this research to adhere to Davie&rsquo;s thesis, which defines the current religious situation as believing without belonging; and 4. as a consequence of the process of dechurching, there is a rise of a social group without religious adscription: The nones.},
  author = {Díaz de Rada, Vidal and Gil-Gimeno, Javier},
  doi = {10.3390/rel14081005},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {20771444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1-48},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Have the Inhabitants of France, Great Britain, Spain, and the US Been Secularized? An Analysis Comparing the Religious Data in These Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14081005},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@article{bellini2024changing,
  abstract = {For a long time, working culture has been associated with hustling aspects, stressing productivity, constant devotion, and presentialism. Recently, alternative tendencies valuing more personal satisfaction, well-being, and self-realization in different domains of life other than work have resulted in emerging phenomena in contrast to the dominant hustle culture. These phenomena include the Great Resignation, “boomerang employees,” “quiet quitting”, and “quiet thriving.” While cultural changes were already in place, as suggested by data from the European Values Study (EVS), the Covid-19 pandemic served as a catalyst for the shift in values that drives workers to reassess the meaning of and satisfaction with their work. Building on Bauman’s perspective on societal change, this contribution aims to offer a sociological interpretation of the ongoing dynamics underlying the change in work values.},
  author = {Bellini, F. and Lomazzi, V.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.31577/sociologia.2024.56.6.20},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Slovak Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {555-580},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Changing Work Values: Beyond Hustle Culture},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2024.56.6.20},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{hart2023girls,
  abstract = {While misogynistic extremism and the rise of “Involuntary Celibacy” (Incel) cultures online have captured media and political attention in recent years, there is comparably little empirical research evidence that explores the social and political determinants of misogyny and its role in predisposing adherents to violence. Drawing on data from the most recent wave of the European Values Study, this chapter explores two key aspects of misogynistic extremism: the relationship between key social and political traits and the expression of misogynistic attitudes, and the expression of these attitudes and support for violence. The results of this study suggest that, while extreme misogynistic attitudes appear to be predicted by measures of social connection, happiness, religious involvement, and authoritarian political positioning, there is also a significant relationship between the expression of misogynistic views and support for political violence. The implications of these findings for existing scholarship and policy are discussed, alongside a consideration of the directions for future research.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Hart, Gavin and Huber, Antoinette and Littler, Mark},
  booktitle = {Routledge Handbook of Non-Violent Extremism: Groups, Perspectives and New Debates},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003032793},
  editor = {Orofino, Elisa and Allchorn, William},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {51-66},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {“Boys who hate girls, who hate boys, who hate girls”: A Quantitative Exploration of the Relationship Between Misogyny, Socio-Political Outlook, and Support for Violence in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003032793},
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{carneiro2024parental,
  abstract = {Generous maternity leave, affordable daycare, extensive social safety nets, excellent universal health care, and high-quality public schools, are all notable features of Nordic countries. There is a widespread belief that such strong public investments in children contribute to a levelled playing field and promote social mobility. However, gaps in learning outcomes between children of rich and poor parents remain as high in Nordic countries as elsewhere in Europe. One explanation for this paradox is that the equalizing impacts of public investments are undone by parental investments in children of rich and poor families, which are as unequal in Nordic countries as in the rest of the European continent.},
  access-dc = {open access},
  author = {Carneiro, Pedro Manuel and Reis, Hugo and Toppeta, Alessandro},
  availability2 = {October 20, 2024},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4712411},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA7600},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 53,
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2019},
  title = {Parental investments and socio-economic gradients},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4712411},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{verney2024southern,
  abstract = {This article, which introduces a special issue, compares the record of five South European states – Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Turkey – in managing the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic. Southern Europe’s reputation for low state capacity, political polarisation and weak health systems all posed potential obstacles to an effective governmental response. However, despite these shared characteristics, these countries’ records in Covid management varied widely. The article investigates whether this variation can be explained by national differences in degree of preparedness, state capacities, political dynamics or societal factors. It concludes that while the degree of decentralisation played a role in the initial response, the most significant factor was the timing of the virus’ arrival in each country, resulting in different opportunities for governments to design and implement effective responses.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Verney, Susannah and Real-Dato, José and Rodríguez-Teruel, Juan},
  booktitle = {Southern Europe in The Covid-19 Pandemic: The First Phase},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003519126},
  editor = {Rodríguez-Teruel, Juan and Real-Dato, José and Verney, Susannah},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-1-003-51912-6},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-28},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Southern Europe Managing the First Phase of the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Crucial Effect Timing},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003519126},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{quandt2023solidarity,
  abstract = {Solidarity is considered essential for the sustainability of societies, both at the level of individual contributions to society and as an aspect of cooperation between countries. As such, solidarity is often called upon by politicians in a declarative way. In contrast to most prior work, we investigate an attitudinal perspective on solidarity, not behavioural or policy-preference perspectives. We look at questions such as the prevalence of solidarity attitudes among European populations, the degree to which the declared norm is shared among these populations, and whether solidarity attitudes have changed with consecutive crises in Europe. We also discuss possible antecedents of solidarity levels. Distinguishing solidarity by close and universal scopes, we find that both are associated with the identification of citizens with communities at different levels. In country and time comparisons, European societies display a good degree of homogeneity and stability. Close solidarity is more pronounced than universal solidarity, and this may have even increased over consecutive crises. There are clear differences in relation to socio-historical region, but only modest associations with the religious composition of countries in terms of denominations. One role of religiosity might be that of an identity marker, where more heterogeneity comes with lower levels of solidarity.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Quandt, Markus and Lomazzi, Vera},
  booktitle = {Values – Politics – Religion: The European Values Study: In-depth Analysis – Interdisciplinary Perspectives – Future Prospects},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_7},
  editor = {Polak, Regina and Rohs, Patrick},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9783031313646},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {englisch},
  pages = {249-280},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017},
  title = {Solidarity: A European Value?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31364-6_7},
  year = 2023
}

@article{graaf2024trends,
  abstract = {Early sexual intercourse initiation has been associated with immediate and long-term risks, which makes the study of trends in sexual initiation an important topic for policy makers. This study investigated trends over time in reported sexual initiation among 15-year-olds across 33 countries between 2010–2018. In addition, we examined if there were cross-country differences in the gender gap in reported sexual initiation in 2018, and whether these could be attributed to gender inequality and gender role attitudes. To answer these questions, we combined individual-level data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study collected in 2010 (N = 57,656), 2014 (N = 56,745) and 2018 (N = 55,127) with country-level data on gender inequality and gender role attitudes. We found a decrease over time in early sexual initiation in most countries, but also cross-country differences in these trends. More boys than girls reported sexual initiation in 2018. This gender gap also varied across countries and slightly decreased over time. In countries with less progressive gender role attitudes and more gender inequality, fewer girls reported early sexual initiation, resulting in a larger gender gap in these countries. To conclude, policy makers, healthcare providers and educators should focus on changing stereotypical gender norms.},
  author = {Graaf, Hanneke de and Schouten, Frederiek and Dorsselaer, Saskia van and Költő, András and Ball, Jude and Stevens, Gonneke W. J. M. and Looze, Margreet de},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/00224499.2023.2297906},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0022-4499},
  journal = {The Journal of Sex Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {445-454},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Trends and the Gender Gap in the Reporting of Sexual Initiation Among 15-Year-Olds: A Comparison of 33 European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2023.2297906},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{tizik2024changes,
  abstract = {Slovakia is a country with a Catholic majority but with a variety of other minorities – mainly Christian churches. In Slovakia, the COVID-19 pandemic occurred from March 2020 to April 2022 in four waves. Throughout all waves of the pandemic, there was no specific legislation in force or action taken regarding religious groups, and all restrictions on religious life were part of general restrictions. The differential treatment of religious and other actors was more evident in the case of various exemptions from measures, when in the early periods state-recognised religious groups were not afforded such exemptions, or they did not receive them to the same extent as some others, whereas in the second and later waves, by contrast, registered religious groups were afforded most exemptions from generally applicable measures, or strict anti-pandemic measures were relaxed during religious holy days. Non-registered religious groups or people without religious affiliation were not taken into consideration in the adoption of anti-pandemic measures or the exemptions from them. The available data from various studies suggest that the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on religiosity in Slovakia was a mixed one but without significant changes in religious affiliation and church attendance.},
  address = {Helsinki},
  author = {Tížik, Miroslav},
  booktitle = {Religion, Law, and COVID-19 in Europe: A Comparative Analysis},
  doi = {10.33134/HUP-28-6},
  editor = {Conway, Brian and Kühle, Lene and Alicino, Francesco and Bîrsan, Gabriel},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {115-142},
  publisher = {Helsinki University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Changes in the Relations between the State and Religion during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Slovakia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33134/HUP-28-6},
  year = 2024
}

@article{keltner2024possible,
  abstract = {The imagination is central to human social life but undervalued worldwide and underexplored in psychology. Here, we offer Possible Worlds Theory as a synthetic theory of the imagination. We first define the imagination, mapping the mental states it touches, from dreams and hallucinations to satire and fiction. The conditions that prompt people to imagine range from trauma to physical and social deprivation, and they challenge the sense of reality, stirring a need to create possible worlds. We theorize about four cognitive operations underlying the structure of the mental states of the imagination. We then show how people embody the imagination in social behaviors such as pretense and ritual, which give rise to experiences of a special class of feelings defined by their freedom from reality. We extend Possible Worlds Theory to four domains—play, spirituality, morality, and art—and show how in flights of the imagination people create new social realities shared with others.},
  author = {Keltner, Dacher and Stamkou, Eftychia},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-080123-102254},
  journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-30},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Possible Worlds Theory: How the Imagination Transcends and Recreates Reality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-080123-102254},
  volume = 76,
  year = 2024
}

@article{davis2024individualism,
  abstract = {We know very little about why the legal status of prostitution varies across countries. Drawing on central arguments in the normative literature on the legal status of prostitution, in which a central argument concerns the sexual and bodily autonomy of women, we ask whether a country's position on the individualism-collectivism affects the legal status of prostitution. We investigate this question using a panel of 61 countries, finding a robust positive relationship between individualism and the legality of prostitution. In the baseline model, a one-standard deviation increase in individualism is associated with a ten percentage point increase in the likelihood that prostitution is legal. This relationship is robust to controls for institutional structure, other dimensions of culture, and measures of women's economic status and historical patriarchy. It is also robust to the use of instrumental variable analysis to address issues of endogeneity and measurement error. Our results also shed light on two additional aspects of the normative debate over legal prostitution. In particular, we find that prostitution is more likely to be legal in countries in which women enjoy greater economic status, but we fail to find a consistent empirical relationship between historical patriarchy and legal prostitution.},
  author = {Davis, Lewis S. and Mavisakalyan, Astghik},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14804},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2024.07.001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v1.0.0},
  issn = {01475967},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {714-732},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Individualism and the legal status of prostitution},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2024.07.001},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2024
}

@book{equit2024stress,
  abstract = {Stress ist einer der größten Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung psychischer Erkrankungen. Stress zu reduzieren, kann uns helfen, uns besser zu fühlen. Echtes Wohlbefinden entsteht aber nur, wenn es uns gelingt, unsere psychischen Grundbedürfnisse (wie etwa das Bedürfnis nach Bindung und Zugehörigkeit oder nach Selbstverwirklichung) zu erkennen und zu erfüllen. Dabei kommt es jedoch auf die richtige Balance an, denn langfristige Bedürfnisbefriedigung geht immer auch mit Herausforderungen und Belastungen einher. Ziel des vorliegenden Ratgebers ist es, Leser*innen bei dem Spagat zwischen Bedürfnisbefriedigung und Stressbewältigung sowie dem Aufbau und Erhalt der psychischen Gesundheit zu unterstützen. Der Ratgeber nutzt dabei Erkenntnisse und Methoden der Resilienz- und Psychotherapieforschung und zeigt anhand alltagsnaher Beispiele, was wir selbst tun können, um unser psychisches Wohlbefinden zu fördern und unsere Widerstandskräfte zu stärken. Es geht also nicht nur darum, Stress zu reduzieren, sondern auch darum, bedürfnisbefriedigende (Lebens-)Ziele zu verfolgen, Emotionen besser zu regulieren, Resilienz aufzubauen und möglicherweise bereits bestehende psychische Erkrankungen richtig zu behandeln. Auch die Hintergründe der Entstehung von psychischer Gesundheit und Krankheit werden beleuchtet. Zahlreiche Materialien unterstützen den Transfer der Buchinhalte in den Alltag und können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.},
  address = {Göttingen},
  author = {Equit, Monika and Schäfer, Sarah K. and Schanz, Christian Günter},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1026/03246-000},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9783840932465},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Hogrefe Verlag},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Kein Stress ist nicht genug: Eigene Bedürfnisse erkennen und das Wohlbefinden steigern},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1026/03246-000},
  year = 2024
}

@article{doistua2024value,
  abstract = {In recent decades, Spanish society has evolved, conditioned especially by the changing global environment of which it is a part. One of the areas of people's lives in which these transformations can be most clearly seen is that of leisure, which has given rise to a certain evolution in the value given to it by citizens, as well as in the relevance that leisure lifestyles are progressively acquiring. This article presents the results of the fifth European Leisure Values Survey applied to Spain. In the case of Spain, the effective sample size is 1,200 persons. The random samples provide a complete coverage of the target population (persons aged 18 and over residing in private households, irrespective of nationality or language). The results show how leisure currently occupies a central space in the cultural, social and economic reality of our environment.},
  author = {Doistua, Joseba and Lazcano, Idurre and Madariaga, Aurora},
  doi = {10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i05-118},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Science and Human Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {3445-3454},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Value of Leisure: Significance and Evolution},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i05-118},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{dobbelaere2024religion,
  address = {Tillburg},
  author = {Dobbelaere, Karel and Gevers, Josette and Halman, Loek},
  booktitle = {Religion in Secularizing Society: The European's Religion at the End of the 20th Century},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Riis, Ole},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665705},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {67-82},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS1990},
  title = {Religion and the Family},
  year = 2024
}

@article{chung2024flexibility,
  abstract = {Although flexible working has expanded rapidly, especially during the pandemic, biased views against flexible workers – namely, flexibility stigma - are still prevalent and returning. Flexibility stigma hinders worker’s take up of flexible working arrangements and can make flexible working arrangements result in negative outcomes for worker’s well-being and productivity. This study examines how national cultural and policy contexts shape flexibility stigma levels within a country. We use a multilevel approach using the Eurobarometer dataset of 2018, covering 28 European countries, matched with national level aggregate data on policy and culture. Results show that in countries with a more work-life balance work culture and egalitarian gender norms, we see less prevalence of flexibility stigma. Similarly, in countries with generous family-friendly policies, workers are less likely to have negative perception towards flexible working. Finally, stronger bargaining positions of workers, may it be through stronger union power or through better labour market conditions, helps remove stigmatised views around workers who use flexible working arrangements. This study evidences the importance of contexts that shape views around flexible working, to help us better understand policy changes needed to ensure better flexible working practices.},
  author = {Chung, Heejung and Seo, Hyojin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13167},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-024-03420-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA6964 v1.0.0},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {945-965},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; FlashEB470},
  title = {Flexibility Stigma Across Europe: How National Contexts can Shift the Extent to which Flexible Workers are Stigmatised},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-024-03420-w},
  volume = 174,
  year = 2024
}

@article{pileggi2024hybrid,
  abstract = {High-dimensional large scale surveys enable broad research capabilities and potential insight. However, when dealing with the intrinsic complexity of social science, the underlying knowledge engineering process may play a critical role and require to consider the characteristics and peculiarities of a given problem in context. This study proposes an analysis framework based on clustering techniques, which have been applied to discover patterns among a number of abstracted features resulting from selected attributes of the World Values Survey (WVS). As an assumption, such features have been softly classified as values, opinions and perceptions, based on their theoretical likelihood to change along the time. From a more philosophical perspective, this work assumes hybrid practices as there is no pre-formulated theory but rather an attempt to discover patterns and new knowledge from data. Given the relatively manageable dimensionality of the input dataset, the feature selection has been performed according to an application-oriented approach (rather than driven by statistical analysis) to establish a more comprehensive and consistent research framework. Among the main findings, a symbiotic relationship between the perception of satisfaction and of financial stability, as well as between the perception of security and of happiness, in addition to more complex patterns involving traditional values (e.g. family and religion), politics and believes with an impact on society. Last but not least, despite its holistic focus, the study has allowed the identification of few research gaps and, therefore, potential further research direction in the broad domain of Social Sciences.},
  author = {Pileggi, Salvatore Flavio},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1007/s43545-024-00954-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2662-9283},
  journal = {SN Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 144,
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {A hybrid approach to analysing large scale surveys: individual values, opinions and perceptions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-024-00954-1},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{balazard2023french,
  abstract = {For some years, we have observed a broad public discussion over the shrinking civic space. While the focus has generally been on countries with authoritarian governance systems, it has more recently become apparent that the issue is neither restricted to these countries nor indeed to countries with weak or non-existing democracies. It has been demonstrated that the space in which civil society actors and individual citizens may contribute to public affairs is undergoing fundamental changes in Europe. While in some areas, the clout of civic initiative is larger today than ever before, in others, civic action is highly disputed and governments are attempting to crowd out non-governmental actors from the public sphere. This edited volume examines the wellbeing of civil society in the Europe and its riparian states. Presented by experts from 12 European countries the book presents insights in the latest developments of civil society and aspect like the shifting interaction between the state, market and civil society or the influence of populist movements on civil society and tackles the question wether there is a shrinking civic space in Europe. It addresses policy and decision makers, civil society academics and actors in the field, as well as the public.},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Balazard, Hélène},
  booktitle = {Contested Civic Spaces: A European Perspectiv},
  doi = {10.1515/9783111070469-006},
  editor = {Hummel, Siri and Strachwitz, Rupert Graf and Priller, Eckhard},
  isbn = {9783111070469},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {87-114},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {French democracy under threat},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111070469-006},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{baloban2023obitelj,
  abstract = {U radu se analiziraju stavovi hrvatskih i (srednjo) europskih građana prema braku i obitelji. Pritom su korišteni sekundarni podaci za Hrvatsku i ostale zemlje Srednje Europe, a koji su dobiveni u zadnjem istraživačkom valu međunarodnog istraživanja pod nazivom European Values Study. U radu su zadani ciljevi da se (1) odredi udio građana koji brak i obitelj percipiraju na tradicionalno-klasičan način ; (2) da se istraže razlike između zemalja po pitanju promatranja vrednota koje se smatraju važnima za uspješan brak i obitelj ; i (3) da se odrede razlike između zemalja po pitanju udjela Europljana koji razvod/rastavu smatraju opravdranim. Za analizu su korišteni osnovni deskriptivni pokazatelji, metoda procjene vrijednosti parametara intervalom i analiza varijance, a rezultati su prikazani u tekstu i kros-tabulacijski. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata se može zaključiti da su u percepciji većine Europljana brak i obitelj i dalje visoko rangirane ustanove, da se percepcija vrednota koje se smatraju najvažnijima za uspješan brak i obitelj statistički značajno razlikuje od zemlje do zemlje, i da više od 50 posto građana u zemljama Srednje Europe razvod smatra opravdanim.},
  address = {Zagreb},
  author = {Baloban, Josip and Šimunović, Josip and Ježovita, Josip},
  booktitle = {Promjene vrijednosnog sustava u demokratskoj Hrvatskoj},
  editor = {Baloban, Josip and Migles, Silvija and Nikodem, Krunoslav and Zrinšćak, Siniša},
  isbn = {978-953-6420-41-4},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {167-208},
  publisher = {Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Brak i obitelj u Hrvatskoj i u Srednjoj Europi vrijednosno kontinuirano na iskušenju},
  year = 2023
}

@article{mckay2023geography,
  abstract = {What is the geography of political trust? Influential studies point to a growing urban-rural cleavage between low-trust authoritarian populists in rural areas and higher-trust liberal pluralists in densely populated urban areas. We use data from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey, covering nearly 100 countries, to test whether development has a moderating effect on the urban-rural divide in political trust. Our results reveal that at high levels of development, there are similar levels of trust in government between people living in urban and rural areas, while at low levels of development we find higher levels of trust for rural populations compared to those residing in urban areas. These findings add an important caveat to the standard account of the ‘geography of discontent’ in advanced industrial democracies, while suggesting the need for further investigation of the trust gap in the developing world and its implications. How trust is spatially distributed matters for how polities are governed, and is consequential for electoral behaviour, trends and outcomes.},
  author = {McKay, Lawrence and Jennings, Will and Stoker, Gerry},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2023.102863},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {09626298},
  journal = {Political Geography},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {What is the geography of trust? The urban-rural trust gap in global perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2023.102863},
  volume = 102,
  year = 2023
}

@article{enstad2023accounting,
  abstract = {Existing scholarship on contemporary antisemitism tends to sacrifice breadth for depth, typically focusing on a specific dimension of the phenomenon or a single national or ideological context. This myopia threatens to limit our understanding of current antisemitism because separate parts of a complex picture are studied in isolation, and because crucial questions about temporal and cross-national variation remain understudied. To help remedy this situation, this article introduces a more comprehensive conceptual and empirical framework along with a new dataset intended to encourage the study of antisemitism as a multidimensional, cross-national, and dynamic phenomenon. The framework provides a model for studying antisemitism in four core dimensions—attitudes, incidents, cultural imagery, and Jews’ exposure—and specifies relevant variables and indicators, thus facilitating future research and data collection efforts. To supplement the framework, the article introduces a new dataset (DIMA—Dimensions of Antisemitism) featuring publicly available data covering three of the four dimensions: attitudes, incidents, and exposure. Based on patterns emerging from these data, hypotheses for further study are suggested. These contributions are intended to prepare the ground for a new and theoretically more ambitious research agenda in the field of contemporary antisemitism research.},
  author = {Enstad, Johannes Due},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  journal = {Antisemitism Studies},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {4-49},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Accounting for Contemporary Antisemitism: A Four-Dimensional Framework and a New Dataset},
  url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/885991},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2023
}

@article{schilpzand2023impact,
  abstract = {Although conventional wisdom suggests that natural disasters tear down trust between people, this is not necessarily true for all forms of social trust. This study theoretically distinguishes between trust towards individuals within one's “ingroup” and trust towards individuals outside of the ingroup, or “outgroup.” I argue that the scarcity induced by natural disasters increases people's fear of and hostility towards outgroup members but simultaneously increases benevolence towards and willingness to cooperate with fellow ingroup members. Multilevel analysis of data for more than 150,000 individuals from 82 countries indicates that ingroup trust tends to increase after a disaster, whereas the effect on outgroup trust is less clear, with some non-robust evidence of a negative relationship. The results are not affected by reverse causality, but the impact of disasters on trust appears to be temporary. This paper underscores the importance of comprehending people's reactions to natural disasters, as a lack of knowledge in this area can result in poorly planned and executed responses, exacerbating the already damaging impact of these events.},
  author = {Schilpzand, Annemiek},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103860},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {22124209},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The impact of natural disasters on social capital: An analysis of ingroup and outgroup trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103860},
  volume = 95,
  year = 2023
}

@article{drobetz2023foreign,
  abstract = {We study the role of social trust in the equity allocation decisions of global investors using a large sample of institutionally managed portfolios of 8,088 investors from 33 countries over the 2000 through 2017 period. The negative relationship between social trust and foreign bias suggests that institutional investors from high-social trust countries are less prone to underinvesting in foreign equity. Our results provide credence to an information-based explanation, indicating that social trust reduces foreign bias by compensating for the lack of information about foreign stock markets. Moreover, the effect of social trust on foreign bias is stronger if host-country institutions are weak, while it vanishes when the host country is characterized by strong institutions. The informal institution of social trust compensates for the lack of well-functioning formal country-level institutions in international portfolio decisions. Finally, the allocation effect resulting from social trust is different from “blind” trust. The portfolios of high-trust investors exhibit higher cross-country diversification and an enhanced portfolio risk-return trade-off.},
  author = {Drobetz, Wolfgang and Mönkemeyer, Marwin and Requejo, Ignacio and Schröder, Henning},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2023.07.023},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {01672681},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {233-269},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Foreign bias in institutional portfolio allocation: The role of social trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.07.023},
  volume = 214,
  year = 2023
}

@article{lavrinenko2023wingos,
  abstract = {Women’s International Non-Governmental Organizations (WINGOs) are a major force in spreading world culture at the national level. At the same time, women’s political empowerment is one of the spaces in which world culture manifests itself. WINGOs, often in conjunction with emancipative values, may potentially have an impact on a country’s level of women’s political empowerment. However, scholars rarely integrate them into theory and empirical tests. Using the world culture approach as the larger frame, I build this framework and test it. Specifically, Hypothesis 1 tests whether there is a potential positive association between women’s political empowerment and the number of WINGO ties. Hypothesis 2 examines the potential interaction between emancipative values and WINGOs. Employing mixed-effects linear regression on the aggregated World Values Survey/European Values Survey (WVS/EVS) dataset and administrative data, I observe that WINGOs and emancipative values have separate effects on women’s political empowerment. However, there is no significant evidence that emancipative values interact with WINGOs.},
  author = {Lavrinenko, Olga},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152231188316},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {561-578},
  study = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {WINGOs as conduits of world culture, their relationships with emancipative values, and women’s political empowerment worldwide, 1981–2020},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231188316},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2024
}

@article{bockingwelch2024womens,
  abstract = {Petitioning provided a flexible repertoire for women’s political activity in the decades after 1945. Petitioning was a popular, widespread practice: aside from voting, signing a petition was one of the few political activities that engaged a majority of women. Building on a long tradition of British women as active petitioners, petitioning was used by a variety of different groups—local action groups, voluntary associations, political parties, pressure groups, and radical social movements, including those associated with the Women’s Liberation Movement. Connecting formal and informal politics, petitioning was a relatively cheap, accessible form of political activity that enabled activism. In particular, the practices associated with name-signing created informal, temporary political spaces for women. Petitioning also provided a mechanism for representation and making representative claims to authority on behalf of women. The media-friendly spectacle of presenting petitions to authority was useful for attracting publicity as a range of activists, including conservative moral campaigners like Mary Whitehouse realised. The flexibility of petitioning explain its popularity as a form of political participation for women, particularly in facilitating local, informal activity.},
  author = {Bocking-Welch, Anna and Huzzey, Richard and Leston-Bandeira, Cristina and Miller, Henry},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10791 ; 10.4232/1.10790},
  doi = {10.1080/09612025.2024.2373507},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 v3.0.0 ; ZA4460 v3.0.0},
  issn = {09612025},
  journal = {Women's History Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {564-581},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990},
  title = {Women’s campaigning, petitioning, and grassroots activism, 1945–1997},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2024.2373507},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2025
}

@article{czegledi2024postmaterialist,
  abstract = {Countries with a higher proportion of people with post-materialist values are freer economically than those with a lower proportion. The reasons why this is puzzling are that post-materialist values are not obviously more supportive to economic freedom than materialist ones, and that post-materialism correlates negatively with market friendliness in the West and positively outside it. The paper argues that seeing market attitudes as opinions with which people express their materialist or post-materialist identity, an equilibrium in which post-materialists are market friendly and another in which they are market unfriendly are both possible. A change in the proportion of post-materialists, however, can easily trigger a shift from one equilibrium to the other. Regressions with data from the Integrated Values Survey confirm that post-materialists are more market unfriendly when their proportion in society is high enough, but this negative effect is mitigated by their political identity, the expressiveness of the individuals themselves, the ideology of the political parties in their country, and culture. The argument casts some doubt on the claim that post-materialism is a determinant of the institutions and policies of economic freedom.},
  author = {Czeglédi, Pál},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1007/s12232-023-00436-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {18651704},
  journal = {International Review of Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {99-121},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The post-materialist economic freedom puzzle},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-023-00436-5},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2024
}

@article{damann2023persistence,
  abstract = {Prior work suggests that modern gender bias might have historical roots but has not been able to demonstrate long-term persistence of this bias due to a lack of historical data. We follow archaeological research and employ skeletal records of women’s and men’s health from 139 archaeological sites in Europe dating back, on average, to about 1200 AD to construct a site-level indicator of historical bias in favor of one gender over the other using dental linear enamel hypoplasias. This historical measure of gender bias significantly predicts contemporary gender attitudes, despite the monumental socioeconomic and political changes that have taken place since. We also show that this persistence is most likely due to the intergenerational transmission of gender norms, which can be disrupted by significant population replacement. Our results demonstrate the resilience of gender norms and highlight the importance of cultural legacies in sustaining and perpetuating gender (in)equality today.},
  author = {Damann, Taylor J. and Siow, Jeremy and Tavits, Margit},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.2213266120},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1-7},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Persistence of gender biases in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2213266120},
  volume = 120,
  year = 2023
}

@article{dizon2024enhancing,
  abstract = {The establishment of public health programs, such as universal health coverage (UHC), aims to ensure health and wellbeing for all throughout the life course. These health programs have far-reaching impacts that extend beyond physical health. This study examines the impact of UHC on people's subjective wellbeing through a cross-country analysis using a multidimensional measure of health: the wellbeing adjusted life years (WALYs). WALYs are derived from life satisfaction data from the European Values Study and World Values Survey (1990–2014). The study employs an instrumental variable approach and Lewbel's method—a heteroscedasticity-based identification strategy, and additionally incorporates personality into the model. Findings suggest a positive impact of UHC on health and wellbeing, however the overall impact on WALYs is small (i.e. 20%). It is suggested to equally prioritise mental and social wellbeing alongside physical health to maximise the programs' benefits, as these aspects are often overlooked in assessing and improving health.},
  author = {Dizon, Ryan Joseph R.},
  doi = {10.1080/07360932.2024.2384927},
  issn = {0736-0932},
  journal = {Forum for Social Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {459-486},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Enhancing People's Subjective Wellbeing: Assessing the Impact of Universal Health Coverage Through Wellbeing Adjusted Life Years},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2024.2384927},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2024
}

@article{soon2024causal,
  abstract = {Purpose: By exploiting the exogeneity of the unexpected 2015 European refugee crisis, the paper’s purpose is to analyze the causal impact of the crisis on resident immigrants’ life satisfaction. Due to the ongoing anti-immigrant sentiments, we argue that the refugee crisis and the build-up to it affect how resident immigrants are looked upon in a negative light; this in turn could consequently be reflected in their life satisfaction. We anchor the natives’ hostility toward the refugees and immigrants on the group-threat theory. Design/methodology/approach: Using two waves of the European Values Study, we exploit the exogenous source of variations generated by the crisis and employ a difference-in-differences estimation framework to identify the causal impact. Findings: Our findings indicate negative impact of the refugee crisis on resident immigrants’ life satisfaction. We find negative impact of the refugee crisis on the life satisfactions of resident immigrants with low education levels. Our results also suggest that resident immigrants in Western European countries experience lower life satisfaction after the crisis. Originality/value: The literature so far mostly revolves around the impact of the crisis on natives’ objective well-being. We find it surprising that the literature has not fully utilized the rare opportunity afforded by the refugee crisis to analyze its impact on resident immigrants’ subjective well-being.},
  author = {Soon, Jan-Jan and Lim, Hock Eam},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897 ; 10.4232/1.13840},
  doi = {10.1108/IJSE-01-2024-0093},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA4799 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0306-8293},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {886-902},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Causal impact of the 2015 European refugee crisis on resident immigrants’ life satisfaction},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-01-2024-0093},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2025
}

@book{muliavka2024class,
  abstract = {The Class Gap in Protest Participation discusses a theoretically grounded empirical analysis of the relationship between class and protest involvement across Central Eastern and Western Europe. In recent decades, mass protests have surged in both frequency and scale, yet there remains a significant variability in citizen involvement in non-electoral politics across Europe. While affluent Western democracies often witness robust civic engagement, countries of Central and Eastern Europe exhibit comparatively limited political participation. This regional gap is particularly pronounced when examining post-socialist workers who show minimal protest activity. Addressing this phenomenon, the book starts from the following question: Why do workers in Central and Eastern Europe demonstrate disproportionately lower rates of protest engagement compared to their Western European counterparts? The study reveals that the answer lies beyond conventional explanations such as legacies of communism. Cross-regional disparities in working-class protest activism are driven by differences in labor protection and left mobilization capacity. These variations stem from the historical context and the economic dependency of post-socialist countries, which create distinct conditions for workers' political engagement in the core and (semi-)periphery. This book will be of interest to political scientists and sociologists, especially researchers interested in political participation, social inequality, and post-socialist transformations.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Muliavka, Viktoriia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.4324/9781032632155},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The Class Gap in Protest Participation: The Comparative Case of Central Eastern and Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032632155},
  year = 2024
}

@article{budzynski2023social,
  abstract = {The article addresses the important social problem of increasing xenophobic attitudes toward immigrants in many European countries. One of the ways in which xenophobic attitudes are expressed may be the declared social distance. In this context, an analysis of selected determinants of social distance towards immigrants in a small Central European society such as the Czech Republic was undertaken. Within the framework of the analysis, several models were proposed, which showed different impacts of selected factors on the declarations of social distance. Among other things, the study showed that an important mechanism generating the influence of selected factors on the declaration of social distance is the feeling of threat.},
  author = {Budzyński, Łukasz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.5604/01.3001.0054.2712},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {25437097},
  journal = {International Journal of Legal Studies (IJOLS)},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {211-229},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Social Distance Towards Immigrants in Czech Society-Selected Determinants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2712},
  volume = 14,
  year = 2023
}

@article{costantini2023highdimensional,
  abstract = {Including a large number of predictors in the imputation model underlying a multiple imputation (MI) procedure is one of the most challenging tasks imputers face. A variety of high-dimensional MI techniques can help, but there has been limited research on their relative performance. In this study, we investigated a wide range of extant high-dimensional MI techniques that can handle a large number of predictors in the imputation models and general missing data patterns. We assessed the relative performance of seven high-dimensional MI methods with a Monte Carlo simulation study and a resampling study based on real survey data. The performance of the methods was defined by the degree to which they facilitate unbiased and confidence-valid estimates of the parameters of complete data analysis models. We found that using lasso penalty or forward selection to select the predictors used in the MI model and using principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of auxiliary data produce the best results.},
  author = {Costantini, Edoardo and Lang, Kyle M. and Reeskens, Tim and Sijtsma, Klaas},
  doi = {10.1177/00491241231200194},
  issn = {1552-8294},
  journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  m-data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  m-gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  m-study-id = {EVS2017},
  number = 2,
  pages = {448-499},
  title = {High-Dimensional Imputation for the Social Sciences: A Comparison of State-of-The-Art Methods},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241231200194},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{schubert2024monitoring,
  abstract = {"In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten hat sich eine Landschaft von Datenerhebungen entwickelt, die mit unterschiedlichen Ansätzen, methodischen Designs und thematischen Schwerpunkten Daten zum zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagement multiperspektivisch erheben. Der folgende Beitrag bietet zunächst einen Überblick zu Datenerhebungen, die zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement anhand von Personenbefragungen repräsentativ erfassen. Im Anschluss wird auf die Datenlage auf Organisationsebene eingegangen. Der Beitrag skizziert abschließend bestehende Lücken in der Engagementforschung, denen in den kommenden Jahren verstärkt Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden sollte." Die Daten des ALLBUS aus dem Jahr 2012 werden in diesem Beitrag als Hauptdatensatz verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 39. Fassung, Dezember 2024},
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Schubert, Peter and Krimmer, Holger},
  availability = {20.12.2024},
  booktitle = {Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement und Freiwilligendienste},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748936497-795},
  editor = {Gille, Christoph and Walter, Andrea and Brombach, Hartmut and Haas, Benjamin and Vetter, Nicole},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {795-808},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  study = {ALLBUS2012},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Monitoring zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements: Methodische Zugänge, Datenlage und zukünftige Herausforderungen},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748936497-795},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{tomescudubrow2023harmonization,
  abstract = {This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the survey data recycling (SDR) approach for ex post harmonization of cross-national survey data, which were developed to address the need for a broader comparative data infrastructure and methodology for the rapidly expanding field of ex post harmonization. The SDR approach enhances systematic investigation of methodological biases in the source survey data and offers a harmonization workflow that increases flexible secondary use of the new, harmonized dataset. We specifically discuss the application of SDR in creating a multicountry, multiyear database for research on political participation, social capital, and wellbeing, referred to as the SDR database v.2.0 (SDR2). SDR2 comprises harmonized information from 23 international survey projects, covering over 4.4 million respondents from 156 countries in the period 1966?2017. In addition to providing substantive target variables, SDR2 offers methodological indicators that capture source survey quality, preserve source information, and flag harmonization decisions. We highlight main challenges faced in the harmonization process, provide insights into the SDR Portal, which helps researchers understand the structure, availability, and capacity of SDR2, and emphasize the importance of accurate documentation in ensuring transparency and facilitating data analyses. The chapter concludes by encouraging researchers to maximize user flexibility of datasets harmonized ex post and suggests the usefulness of the SDR approach for future ex post harmonization projects.},
  address = {Hoboken},
  author = {Tomescu-Dubrow, Irina and Slomczynski, Kazimierz M. and Wysmulek, Ilona and Powałko, Przemek and Li, Olga and Tu, Yamei and Slarzynski, Marcin and W. Zielinski, Marcin and Lavryk, Denys},
  booktitle = {Survey Data Harmonization in the Social Sciences},
  doi = {10.1002/9781119712206.ch9},
  editor = {Slomczynski, Kazimierz M. and Tomescu-Dubrow, Irina and Jenkins, J. Craig and Wolf, Christof},
  isbn = {9781119712206},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {145-167},
  publisher = {John Wiley & Sons},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Harmonization for Cross-National Secondary Analysis: Survey Data Recycling},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119712206.ch9},
  year = 2023
}

@book{oliveira2023indicadores,
  abstract = {O Observatório das Migrações, com génese em 2002, tem assumido como prioridade aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as populações imigrantes residentes em Portugal, informando decisores políticos para a definição de políticas públicas e iniciativas legislativas para a integração de imigrantes, e sensibilizando a opinião pública em geral, combatendo mitos e estereótipos acerca dos imigrantes através de factos e dados estatísticos. Para cumprir essa missão o Observatório das Migrações tem recorrido a inúmeras fontes estatísticas e administrativas disponíveis em Portugal com dados desagregados por nacionalidade, sistematizando e analisando essa informação com o intuito de melhor caracterizar a situação das populações estrangeiras no país nas mais variadas dimensões que compõem o seu processo de integração. Neste relatório são analisados mais de três centenas de indicadores acerca da integração de imigrantes, distribuídos por quinze dimensões analíticas, de mais de quatro dezenas de fontes de dados estatísticos e administrativos, reforçando a Coleção Imigração em Números do Observatório das Migrações, lançada em 2014 com coordenação científica de Catarina Reis de Oliveira. Todos os relatórios encontram-se em livre acesso no sítio do Observatório das Migrações em www.om.acm.gov.pt. Os Relatórios Estatísticos Anuais de Indicadores de Integração de Imigrantes de Portugal publicam e analisam informação que vai muito para além dos indicadores de integração de imigrantes recomendados pela Comissão Europeia (na Declaração de Zaragoza) e concretizam medidas previstas nos planos de ação de integração de imigrantes em Portugal, nomeadamente a medida 6 do Plano Estratégico para as Migrações implementada entre 2015 e 2020, para a “melhoria dos dados oficiais sobre a integração dos migrantes”, que o Observatório das Migrações promove em parceria com o Instituto Nacional de Estatística, e a medida 1 do objetivo 1 do Plano Nacional de Implementação do Pacto Global das Migrações (Pacto aprovado pela Assembleia-Geral das Nações Unidas) em implementação em Portugal desde 2019 para incrementar a qualidade da informação administrativa e estatística, “assegurando a sua divulgação através dos relatórios anuais elaborados pelo Observatório das Migrações.”},
  address = {Observatório das Migrações, ACM, I.P.},
  author = {Oliveira, Catarina Reis},
  edition = {Lisbon},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9789896851385},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  pages = 400,
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Indicadores de Integração de Imigrantes 2023: Relatório Estatístico Anual},
  url = {https://www.om.acm.gov.pt/documents/58428/383402/Relatorio+Estatistico+Anual+-+Indicadores+de+Integracao+de+Imigrantes+2023.pdf/a9a05525-889e-4171-8066-6d7217416664},
  year = 2023
}

@article{coutinho2023youth,
  abstract = {This article compares youth religiosity in each Catholic European country (CEC) in two perspectives: with the rest of the population (35+) and among youth over time. Based on EVS (European Values Study) and ISSP (International Social Survey Programme), data comparisons are also made between CEC s, as well as between and within European regions. Three dimensions of religiosity are examined: community, belief, and practice. Results confirm that in general youth religiosity is lower than among the older age group and decreases over time with some exceptions. Results also confirm the theories of cohort replacement and of multiple secularizations.},
  author = {Coutinho, José Pereira and Wilkins-Laflamme, Sarah},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13171 ; 10.4232/1.13629 ; :10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1163/18748929-bja10087},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5070 v1.1.0 ; ZA7570 v2.1.0 ; ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {18748929},
  journal = {Journal of Religion in Europe},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {316-351},
  study-id = {ISSP1991-1998-2008 ; ISSP2018 ; EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Youth Religiosity in Catholic European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-bja10087},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2023
}

@article{peacock2023external,
  abstract = {Decades of empirical research have shaped our understanding of organizational justice in the workplace and public assessments of police procedures on the street, but only recently has a nascent wave of research sought to better understand the role that officer perceptions of supervisory procedural justice play in shaping their (un)fair interactions with the public. The nascent research testing this relationship has focused on the evidence that officer perceptions of trust in the public is a pathway between internal procedural justice and external procedural justice. This article tests the role of trust and a parallel pathway that incorporates the concepts of work engagement and personal initiative in the procedural justice literature. Relying on a survey of 638 Croatian police officers, this study finds that the effect of supervisory procedural justice on officers? external procedural justice is positive but indirect through a measure of trust in the public and the proposed engagement/initiative mechanism. The implications of these findings for research and police practice are discussed.},
  author = {Peacock, Robert P. and Ivkovich, Sanja Kutnjak and Van Craen, Maarten and Mraović, Irena Cajner and Borovec, Krunoslav and Prpić, Marko},
  doi = {10.1177/1057567721996790},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  issn = {10575677},
  journal = {International Criminal Justice Review},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {109-128},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {External Procedural Justice: Do Just Supervisors Shape Officer Trust and Willingness to Take the Initiative With the Public?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567721996790},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2023
}

@article{shevchuk2023youth,
  abstract = {The article is dedicated to the main principles of youth civic education as a response to the ideological and political challenges of the post-truth era and its propaganda. The authors argue that the effective mechanism of overcoming the negative phenomena of post-truth and building civic responsibility and democratic culture is based on cultural values. The present article analyzes the values that are strengthening the community. When considering the importance of values for the development of communities, we should focus on cultural values that form the foundation of community existence. The values can expand the possibilities of our actions, and they also give an idea of what we should strive for. For Ukraine, it is essential to form the worldview foundations of youth based on these values. This is due to the development of democratic culture, politics, and party system in modern Ukraine. Investigating new opportunities for youth civic education, the authors intend to demonstrate that cultural values play an essential role in the development of political culture and public activism of Ukrainian communities and in overcoming negative social phenomena generated by the post-truth era. Therefore, a question arises: what values is the civic education of young people built? What values can resist the negative phenomenon of post-truth? Based on the World Values Survey results, the authors will outline the main value orientations of Ukrainian youth and determine the principles of civic education formation based on this.},
  author = {Shevchuk, D. and Lebediuk, V. and Matusevych, T.},
  journal = {Youth Voice Journal},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {27-37},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Youth Civic Education in Times of Post-Truth: Cultural Values Aspect},
  url = {https://www.rj4allpublications.com/product/youth-civic-education-in-times-of-post-truth-cultural-values-aspect/},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2023
}

@article{kaprans2022crossing,
  abstract = {Ethnic tensions have a long history in Latvia. Ever since the restoration of independence in 1991 Latvian society has experienced the symbolic confrontation between the ethnic Latvian majority and Russophone minority. Militant ethnopolitics and societal cleavages have overshadowed a persistent socioeconomic inequality. This paper seeks to explore whether the precarity induced by a neoliberal order can replace ethnocultural identification as an ideological source of tensions in Latvian society. In particular, the paper focuses on support for an alternative political system and to what extent such support can be explained by precarity and sympathies towards left-wing communitarian ideas. These findings suggest that precarity may enable trans-ethnic cohesion. Yet, this should not automatically imply that an ethno-linguistic element becomes irrelevant in terms of regime change.},
  author = {Kaprāns, Mārtiņš},
  doi = {10.22364/rfr.33},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2023 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {102-125},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Crossing Symbolic Boundaries: Can Precarity Mobilize the Political Disaffection of Latvians and Russophones?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22364/rfr.33},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2022
}

@article{dev2024voting,
  abstract = {Over 150 countries have laws allowing expatriate citizens to vote in their country of origin. Yet, little is known about their voting behavior and how this is affected by their host countries. Using unique micro-data on Chilean expatriates living in Europe and exploiting increases in the cost of voting caused by rainfall during the 2014 European Parliament election day in districts where Chileans reside, we show that 1 percentage point increase in the host-country local turnout decreases expatriates’ electoral participation in their home-country elections by nearly 1 percentage point. The result is driven by expatriates who were better integrated in the host-country societies. Evidence from surveys shows that higher host turnout promotes expatriates’ participation in host-country organizations and less in home-country organizations. Overall, our results suggest that in communities with high-political participation, migrants engage more with the local politics at the expense of their home-country politics.},
  author = {Dev, Divya and Poblete-Cazenave, Rubén and Toppeta, Alessandro},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2024.05.001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {01475967},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {663-678},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Voting from abroad: Assessing the impact of local turnout on migrants’ voting behavior},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2024.05.001},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2024
}

@book{conway2025sacred,
  abstract = {Sacred Callings is an innovative sociological study of cross-national trends in the global Catholic priesthood. Based on a comparative-historical analysis of priesthood trends in Argentina, Malta, Nigeria, and the Philippines during 1950–2010, the monograph investigates how significant developments within the Catholic Church have shaped the evolution of vocations over time. The book introduces and tests a new critical events theory, proposing a four-part framework—ecumenical councils, prophetic stances, sexual scandals, and papal visits—to help explain variation in priesthood trends. It demonstrates how these events operate as cues for religious callings, as well as how they interact with another. Amid a global demographic shift in the Catholic priesthood —marked by declining vocations in Western regions and growing numbers in countries such as Nigeria—Sacred Callings provides a timely analysis of an important dynamic in the contemporary Church. In doing so, it offers fresh theoretical and empirical insights into the role of short-term events in shaping religious change in modern societies.},
  address = {Helsinki},
  author = {Conway, Brian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.33134/HUP-31},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9789523691278},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Helsinki University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Sacred Callings: An Eventful Analysis of the Global Catholic Priesthood},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33134/HUP-31},
  year = 2025
}

@book{rozhkova2025,
  abstract = {Предлагаемый курс впервые комплексно рассматривает вопросы, связанные с организационно-экономическими основами социально ориентированных организаций. В краткой форме представлены сущностные характеристики социально ориентированных организаций, особенности планирования расходов и результатов, основные источники финансирования, вопросы управления персоналом и командообразования, специфика управления инновационной деятельностью и оценки эффективности социальных проектов. Содержание курса соответствует актуальным требованиям федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по социально-экономическим направлениям, преподавателей и всех, чья деятельность связана с экономикой и управлением социально ориентированными организациями.},
  author = {Rozhkova, E. and Zimina, L. and Romanova, I. and Pustynnnikova, E. and Lapochkina, S. and Myzrova, K. and Baygulova, A.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  isbn = {9785047528113},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {ЛитРес},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Обучение служением. Учебник для вузов},
  year = 2025
}

@article{gabrielsson2025national,
  abstract = {This study examines whether public attitudes of national belonging influence levels of democracy. We investigate how non-voluntary perceptions of national belonging - requirements of ancestral ties - affect the development across 63 countries over three decades. We analyze both the bottom-up effects of public attitudes and the top-down influence of political elites' nationalist articulation. Our results show that countries where the majority holds a non-voluntary national identity tend to have lower levels of democracy. Furthermore, these challenges to democratic governance are amplified when non-voluntary national identity interacts with nationalist political articulation by elites. Longitudinal analyses reveal that countries with a stronger emphasis on non-voluntary identity experience a greater decline in formal democracy over time, suggesting an inherent incompatibility between non-voluntary national identity and democratic principles. By explicitly linking majority public attitudes about national belonging to democratic outcomes, our study offers new empirical insights into the relationship between national identity and democracy.},
  author = {Gabrielsson, Daniel and Bohman, Andrea and Hjerm, Mikael},
  doi = {10.1080/01419870.2025.2462711},
  issn = {01419870},
  journal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-23},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {National identity and democratic trajectories},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2025.2462711},
  year = 2025
}

@article{boelmann2025change,
  abstract = {We investigate the role of cultural norms in shaping women's labor supply decisions after childbirth. Specifically, we are interested in the interplay between childhood socialization and adulthood environment. To that end, we leverage the setting of the German reunification when East Germany's gender-egalitarian culture induced by socialism and West Germany's more traditional culture were brought together. We find that East German gender norms are persistent, whereas West German ones are not. West German mothers adjust their behavior to that of their East German peers not only when immersed in East German environment but even after returning to the West. },
  author = {Boelmann, Barbara and Raute, Anna and Schönberg, Uta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1257/app.20220567},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {19457782},
  journal = {American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {41-74},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2008},
  title = {Wind of change? Cultural determinants of maternal labor supply},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20220567},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{ushkovska2025beyond,
  abstract = {Within the European Union (EU), the Visegrad Group (Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), known as the V4, has gained the reputation of being a troublemaker because of its opposition to further European integration. Scholars have studied sovereignism among the V4 countries - which is manifest in their EU-skepticism, anti-immigration stance, and political and social conservatism - predominantly on the premise that it stems from the influence populist parties and their leaders have exerted on domestic audiences. This chapter contends that recent sovereignist trends are better explained by the presence of grassroots-level discontent, as citizens’ reservations toward the EU within the Group have emerged regardless of the rise of populist parties in the region. Through descriptive and interpretative quantitative methodologies, this research uses EU cross-national public opinion survey data to examine the political, social, and cultural contexts in which public attitudes toward European integration are shaped in the V4. Findings show that, although people there want to limit the power of the EU - in alignment with mainstream populist parties - they do not wish for their respective countries to leave the Union, realizing that the EU provides economic benefits. The study shows that people’s rejection of immigration and multiculturalism does not depend on their support for right-wing populist parties, instead stemming from their perceived threat of terrorism and loss of national identity. Conclusions thus debunk the notion that it is the V4’s populist parties that create an East-West divide in European values. Although Eastern Europeans are more conservative about social and political matters than Western Europeans, these attitudes are unrelated to party politics.
},
  address = {São Paulo},
  author = {Ushkovska, Mare},
  booktitle = {Decentering European studies: perspectives on Europe from its beyond},
  doi = {10.36311/2025.978-65-5954-652-7.p87-109},
  editor = {Ducros, Hlene and Shea, Nicole and Suter, Christian and Ziltener, Patrick and Meier-Dallach, Hans-Peter and Aguilar, Sergio},
  isbn = {978-65-5954-651-0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {87-109},
  publisher = {Cultura Acadêmica},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Beyond Populism: Sources of EU-Skepticism in the Visegrad Group},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.36311/2025.978-65-5954-652-7.p87-109},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{reichenberg2025labour,
  address = {Brussels},
  author = {Reichenberg, Olof},
  booktitle = {Trust in Relations between Unions and Employers in Europe},
  editor = {Larsson, Bengt and Heffernan, Margaret and Trif, Aurora},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {36-62},
  publisher = {TRUE EUROPE Project},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Labour and management trust - a quantitative comparative approach},
  year = 2025
}

@article{jabkowski2024survey,
  abstract = {This paper assesses trends in three survey outcome rates within four prominent crossnationalcomparative surveys conducted in European countries in the 21st century: theEuropean Quality of Life Survey, the European Social Survey, the European ValuesStudy, and the International Social Survey Programme. These projects are recognisedfor their high-quality sampling and fieldwork procedures, extensive track records, andcommitment to rigorous methodological standards. The analysis is based on 753national surveys conducted on probability samples of the general population in 36European countries from 1999 to 2018. We investigated whether two essential surveycharacteristics, namely sampling frames and data collection modes, moderated thedecrease of survey outcome rates over time. To analyse these relationships, thesurvey year was included as the explanatory variable, and we applied multi-level linearregressions with surveys nested within countries. Additionally, the project name wasincorporated as a fixed factor, and the sampling frame and mode of data collectionwere control variables for the effect of time. Our study provides valuable insights intothe challenges of conducting high-quality Pan-European cross-national comparativesurveys over nearly two decades. We observed a consistent decline in survey outcomerates, irrespective of country or project. Neither the sampling frame nor the datacollection mode moderated this decline. Hence, even though personal register samplesand Face-to-Face interviews are often regarded as enhancements to overall surveyquality, their application does not effectively counter the factors causing a decline insurvey outcome rates.},
  author = {Jabkowski, Piotr and Cichocki, Piotr},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-024-01993-9},
  issn = {1573-7845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {635–655},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP},
  title = {Survey response rates in European comparative surveys: a 20-year decline irrespective of sampling frames or survey modes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-024-01993-9},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bartkowiak2024postrzeganie,
  abstract = {Purpose – The survey aims to determine the importance of economic growth as a national development goal for the coming years in the opinion of seniors and younger people in the context of the actual economic growth of European countries. Research method – The study used data from the European Values Survey from 37 countries concerning the age of respondents, as well as responses to questions on identifying the most important goal for the country in the coming years and Eurostat data on GDP per capita. Data analysis was performed using hierarchical methods and structure dependency index tests. Results – The results show differences in the prioritization of economic growth by people aged 60+ compared to adults in more than a dozen European countries. After considering the GDP factor, changes are noticeable for: Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Poland, Cyprus, and France. There was also a strong negative correlation between GDP per capita and the percentage of people indicating economic growth as a priority and a moderately positive one with the percentage of people indicating economic growth as the country’s second goal. People from countries with high GDP tended to indicate economic growth as a development priority less often and to indicate more often the ability to influence labor standards and social life, as well as the aesthetics of cities and rural areas. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The article is based on an analysis of questions from the EVS that have not been examined so far, and fills a gap in the perception of the priority development paths of a country by its citizens in terms of economic level.},
  author = {Bartkowiak, Anna and Mościbrodzka, Monika},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.15290/oes.2024.04.118.10},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Optimum. Economic Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {161-179},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Postrzeganie wzrostu gospodarczego jako priorytetu rozwojowego kraju wśród seniorów i pozostałych osób dorosłych z krajów europejskich w kontekście PKB},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2024.04.118.10},
  volume = 118,
  year = 2024
}

@article{jabkowski2025against,
  abstract = {Responses rates in surveys with probability samples have decreased in the last decades, buthas this decrease caused a decline in sample quality? Our paper addresses this question withan analysis of methodological data describing 776 surveys from four cross-national surveyprojects: European Quality of Life Survey, European Social Survey, European Values Study,and International Social Survey Programme, between 1999 and 2020. Based on a theoreticalmodel of factors that shape unit nonresponse and unit nonresponse bias, we estimate causal ef-fects of historical time on both, nonresponse and nonresponse bias, as well as the contributionof nonresponse to nonresponse bias. Analyses show that the decline in response rates was notaccompanied by an increase in nonresponse bias, which is a reassuring result for all social surveyusers.},
  author = {Jabkowski, Piotr and Kohler, Ulrich and Kołczyńska, Marta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.3430 ; 10.4232/1.3440 ; 10.4232/1.10079 ; 10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.11564 ; 10.4232/1.11648 ; 10.4232/1.12252 ; 10.4232/1.12312 ; 10.4232/1.12590 ; 10.4232/1.12661 ; 10.4232/1.12777 ; 10.4232/1.12848 ; 10.4232/1.13161 ; 10.4232/1.13052 ; 10.4232/1.13271 ; 10.4232/1.13543 ; 10.4232/1.13707},
  doi = {10.18148/srm/2025.v19i1.8475},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA3430 v1.0.0 ; ZA3440 v1.0.0 ; ZA4850 v2.0.0 ; ZA3950 v1.3.0 ; ZA3910 v2.1.0 ; ZA3880 v1.1.0 ; ZA4350 v2.0.0 ; ZA5800 v3.0.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0 ; ZA6670 v2.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0 ; ZA5400 v4.0.0 ; ZA6770 v2.1.0 ; ZA4950 v2.3.0 ; ZA6900 v2.0.0 ; ZA5500 v3.0.0 ; ZA7570 v2.0.0 ; ZA4700 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Survey Research Methods},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {83-104},
  study = {Eurobarometer 2000-2020},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2000 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2002 ; ISSP2005 ; ISSP2011 ; ISSP2013 ; ISSP2014 ; ISSP2012 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2015 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2016 ; ISSP2010 ; ISSP2018 ; ISSP2006},
  title = {Against All Odds: On the Robustness of Probability Samples Against Decreases in Response Rates},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18148/srm/2025.v19i1.8475},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2025
}

@article{akulenok2024social,
  abstract = {The concept of social capital is not widely used to determine the factors of effectiveness of the EU regional policy, the main attention of researchers is focused on the study of institutions. The author examines the social capital of regional communities in Europe from the point of view of influence on the regional policy of the EU, using data from the international sociological study European Values Studies in comparison with the index of the quality of public administration in European regions. The author also analyzes studies of the impact of social capital on regional policy in the EU countries to confirm his own conclusions. By means of correlation analysis and by comparing data on the quality of institutions, the effectiveness of regional policy, and the characteristics of social capital, it is proved that effective institutions are characteristic of regions with a predominance of binding social capital and that binding social capital reduces the effectiveness of regional policy even against the background of effective institutions, however, in some regions, binding social capital is the basis for the active involvement of economic agents in the activities of the EU regional policy. The predominance of one or another type of social capital determines the participants in regional policy projects, which must be taken into account by regional authorities when promoting events and selecting participants in EU regional policy. The EU’s regional policy, being a new public institution, can have an impact on the geography of social capital in foreign Europe.},
  author = {Akulenok, S.V.},
  doi = {10.5922/1994-5280-2024-2-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Региональные исследования},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 84,
  pages = {40-51},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Акулёнок С.В. Социальный капитал как фактор эффективности региональной политики: исследование на примере Европейского Союза (Social capital as a factor of the effectiveness of regional policy: European Union study)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2024-2-4},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2024
}

@book{pollack2025religion,
  abstract = {In vielen Ländern Europas und außerhalb Europas hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren die soziale Bedeutung von Religion deutlich verringert. Inwieweit sind Religion und Moderne miteinander vereinbar? Inwieweit besitzen Religionsgemeinschaften Potenziale, mit deren Hilfe sie dem Säkularisierungstrend wirksam begegnen können? Anhand ausgewählter Länder – darunter Deutschland, Italien, die Niederlande, Polen, Russland, USA, Südkorea und Brasilien – gehen Detlef Pollack und Gergely Rosta in dieser aktualisierten 3. Auflage ihres Standardwerks dem Verhältnis von Modernisierung und religiösem Wandel im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert nach. Auf neuestem Datenstand fußend, entwerfen sie Theorieperspektiven, die dazu beitragen können, die Abschwächung religiöser Bindungen in der Moderne zu erklären, aber auch in der Lage sind, ihre Stärkung verständlich zu machen.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 40. Fassung, Dezember 2025},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  author = {Pollack, Detlef and Rosta, Gergely},
  availability = {22.12.2025},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 ; ZA2150 ; ZA3190 ; ZA4950 ; ZA7570 ; ZA8000},
  isbn = {9783593457529},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Campus Verlag},
  study = {ALLBUS1996 ; ALLBUS2002 ; ALLBUS2012 ; ALLBUS2018},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2018 ; ISSP2021},
  title = {Religion in der Moderne: Ein internationaler Vergleich},
  year = 2025
}

@article{field2025abortion,
  abstract = {‘The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice.’ Social liberals have often taken Martin Luther King Jr’s words as a prophecy for their political goals, and until recently, it seemed to hold true for reproductive rights and access to abortion: public opinion data show a general international trend towards more liberal views over the past 40 years. However, a recent conservative backlash against these rights has seen attempts to limit abortion access in countries as diverse as the United States, Poland, and Malta. In this paper, we focus on trends of public opinion in two countries where the trend of liberalising abortion laws and attitudes has continued – Ireland and Iceland – and compare them against an example of a backlash case (Poland). Using data from the European Values Study and exit poll data from the 2018 Irish abortion referendum, we present evidence that attitudes towards abortion in both Ireland and Iceland have liberalised significantly compared to the global average, but find no evidence of specific shifts underway within these publics compared to those in Poland.},
  author = {Field, Luke and Ómarsdóttir, Silja Bára},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1080/07907184.2024.2448055},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0790-7184},
  journal = {Irish Political Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {99-122},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Abortion politics in Ireland and Iceland: in the ‘fast lane’ for liberalising attitudes?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2024.2448055},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2025
}

@article{maksimovic2025relation,
  abstract = {The paper examines the relationship between attitudes toward the church and interest in politics among citizens of Serbia. Attitude toward the church is operationalized through two questions: whether the church provides answers to moral, spiritual, family, and social issues, and the degree of trust in the church. Interest in politics is measured through perceived importance of politics in life, frequency of political communication, degree of political interest, and following politics in the media. Using secondary data from the European Values Study (EVS), the authors hypothesize that a positive attitude toward the church correlates negatively with political interest. The hypothesis is partially confirmed: while a positive attitude toward the church corresponds to low political interest, in some dimensions (e.g., discussion frequency) the relation is not statistically significant. Findings reveal that despite modernization and secularization, the church remains a strong social influence and contributes to citizens’ trust and participation in public life.},
  author = {Maksimović, Andrijana and Milosavljević, Zoran T.},
  issn = {1731-5530},
  journal = {Security Dimensions. International and National Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {135-158},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Relation Between Serbian Citizens’ Attitude Towards the Church and Their Interest in Politics},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1361608},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{gundelach2025local,
  abstract = {The paper uses the local-cosmopolitan dimension as analysed in Wade Clark Roof’s seminal publications from 1976 and 1978 to examine non-global attitudes. The intention is to suggest an alternative to the dimension that addresses some of its weaknesses. Based on the 2017 European Values Study (EVS), several countries are included in the analysis. Furthermore, the local-cosmopolitan dimension is deconstructed into a local–non-local and a cosmopolitan–non-cosmopolitan dimension. To these two dimensions is added a national–non-national closeness dimension. The analysis shows that neither the low-high degree of cosmopolitan belonging nor the low-high degree of nationalism intervenes in the relationship between urbanisation and religion. The general picture is that people who live in small communities and feel very close to the community have the most traditional religiosity, and only the low-high degree of local belonging is decisive for specifying the relationship between urbanisation and religiosity. It is concluded that a scale on globalisation attitudes would probably stretch from global to non-global (and not anti-global) attitudes and that such attitudes do not impact religiosity.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter},
  booktitle = {Countering the Global: Anti-Global Religion, Global Dissent and Multiple Globalisms},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004719064_006},
  editor = {Jacobsen, Brian Arly and Warmind, Morten and Andersen, Peter B. and Hvithamar, Annika},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {90-109},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Local and Cosmopolitan Orientations and Religiosity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004719064_006},
  year = 2025
}

@article{strimling2025global,
  abstract = {How and why are moral norms for various issues changing across the globe? Moral argument theory uniquely addresses these questions by positing that moral norm change is driven by ‘individualizing’ arguments: concerns about harm, fairness and liberty. We test this theory in a preregistered study of the arguments for both sides of 33 moral issues for which the global directions and rates of norm change were estimated in available longitudinal survey data from 94 societies. We also use available cross-national data to estimate the extent to which each society relies more on individualizing arguments than other kinds of arguments. In support of the theory, norms’ justifiability by individualizing arguments was found to predict their global change, and the effect of individualizing arguments on norm change is stronger in societies that rely more strongly on such arguments. These findings demonstrate a fundamental pattern in the contemporary cultural evolution of morality and highlights the key role played by individualizing arguments.},
  author = {Strimling, Pontus and Eriksson, Kimmo and Vartanova, Irina and Krueger, Joel and Hazin, Isabela},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021 ; 10.4232/1.14108},
  doi = {10.1098/rsos.241589},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0 ; ZA4747 v2.0.0},
  issn = {20545703},
  journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; ISSP1985-1990 1996-2006-2016},
  title = {Global directions of change in moral norms: a test of the moral argument theory},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241589},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{galor2024roots,
  abstract = {This study reveals the pivotal impact of the prehistoric out-of-Africa migration on global variation in the degree of cultural diversity within ethnic and national populations. Drawing on novel diversity measures\textemdash{}encompassing folkloric and musical traditions among indigenous ethnic groups, as well as norms, values, and attitudes in modern societies\textemdash{}an intriguing pattern emerges: societies whose ancestors migrated farther from humanity's cradle in Africa exhibit lower cultural diversity. These striking findings underscore: (i) the profound role of cultural dynamics in shaping the enduring effects of the out-of-Africa migration on social cohesion, innovativeness, and living standards; (ii) the origins of persistent global variations in cultural expressions within an increasingly interconnected world; and (iii) the roots of variations in societal adaptability to evolving economic and technological landscapes.},
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {Galor, Oded and Klemp, Marc and Wainstock, Daniel Cris\'{o}stomo},
  institution = {Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 17481,
  series = {IZA Discussion Papers},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Roots of Cultural Diversity},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10419/308340},
  year = 2024
}

@article{weisburd2024using,
  abstract = {Our paper argues that Agent Based Modelling (ABM) can play an important role in evaluating interventions for counter radicalization and recruitment. Its advantages are due to three realities of research and practice in this area of study. First, field research on radicalization and recruitment raises significant ethical and human subjects dilemmas beyond traditional criminological and social research that are not present to the same degree in ABM experiments. Second, given the lack of existing studies and especially existing evaluation studies, ABMs provide a mechanism for identifying which programs or practices should be focused upon in field experiments, thus allowing researchers to focus in on interventions which have most promise of success. Third, ABM allows researchers to examine very large populations of individuals, which can solve the base rate problem for evaluating interventions focused on rare events, for example on recruitment to terrorism or terrorist attacks. We illustrate these advantages of ABM studies for assessing programs and policies in the context of an ABM model developed in Proton (an Horizon 2020 project). We focus in particular on how ABMs can be developed in ways that provide valid outcome results. In this context, we emphasize the importance of a strong theoretical foundation for ABM studies, creating a realistic landscape with actual data, and testing the ABM model for its fit to outcomes in the real world.},
  author = {Weisburd, David and Wolfowicz, Michael and Hasisi, Badi and Paolucci, Mario and Andrighetto, Giulia},
  doi = {10.1080/1057610X.2024.2361956},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {1057-610X},
  journal = {Studies in Conflict & Terrorism},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Using Agent Based Modelling to Advance Evaluation Research in Radicalization and Recruitment to Terrorism: Prospects and Problems},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2024.2361956},
  year = 2024
}

@article{dono2025fight,
  abstract = {Despite increasing concern about climate change and widespread demonstrations demanding urgent action, governments worldwide are failing to meet climate pledges, and many have introduced anti-protest laws that limit citizens' ability to hold them accountable. We investigate the impacts of the political efficacy of climate protests and the risks of protest repression on people's motivation to engage in both conventional, normative and radical, non-normative pro-environmental collective action. We ran two experiments (total N = 443) among residents in the UK, where recent legislative changes have severely restricted climate protests. Using fabricated news articles, we manipulated political efficacy and repression in a 2x2 between-subjects design. Our manipulations successfully shifted perceptions of political efficacy and the risks of repression. However, they did not directly affect action intentions. Rather, these factors impacted action intentions indirectly by shaping other motives. Specifically, political efficacy exerted a positive indirect effect on normative (but not non-normative) action intentions by shifting people's beliefs about the value of their contribution (Study 1) and the likelihood that taking action will strengthen the movement (Study 2). In line with a backlash effect, and suggesting that restrictions on protest could further spark resistance, repression exerted a positive indirect effect on both normative and non-normative action intentions by generating moral outrage. Exploratory moderation analyses provided further nuance to our findings. For instance, politicised identity was found to attenuate adverse effects of high political efficacy on moral obligation, as well as intensifying the association between protest repression and moral outrage. Our research provides evidence of the causal effects of efficacy and repression on protest intentions, with implications for mobilisation efforts in climate movements.},
  author = {Dono, Marcos and Ayanian, Arin and Tausch, Nicole},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102697},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0272-4944},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {A fight against all odds? The causal effects of perceived political efficacy and protest repression on motivation to engage in normative and non-normative climate protest},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102697},
  volume = 106,
  year = 2025
}

@book{gisevius2025medien,
  abstract = {In diesem Buch wird eine Konzeption entworfen, wie Medien- und Mediensystemeffekte auf das Politikvertrauen analysiert werden können. Diese Konzeption wird auf der Grundlage von Daten der European Values Study 2017 mit Mehrebenenanalysen untersucht. Es zeigt sich unter anderem, dass sowohl die Mediennutzung als auch das Medienvertrauen direkte Effekte auf das Politikvertrauen haben. Während sowohl das Pressevertrauen als auch das Vertrauen in soziale Medien in einem positiven Zusammenhang mit dem Politikvertrauen stehen, ist der Effekt der Nutzung von Tageszeitungen zwar ebenfalls positiv, jener von sozialen Medien hingegen negativ. Zudem mediiert das Pressevertrauen beide Effekte der Mediennutzungsformen. Das Vertrauen in soziale Medien hingegen verstärkt beide Effekte der Mediennutzung auf das Politikvertrauen. Bezüglich der Kontexteffekte zeigt sich, dass in demokratisch-korporatistischen Mediensystemen das Politikvertrauen höher ist als in hybriden und polarisierend-pluralistischen Mediensystemen. Implikationen und Limitationen der Arbeit werden abschließend diskutiert.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Gisevius, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-50131-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-50130-3},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  series = {BestMasters (BEST)},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Medien- und Mediensystemeffekte in komparativer Perspektive: Zur Wirkung von Medienvertrauen, -nutzung und -systemen auf das Politikvertrauen},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-50131-0},
  year = 2025
}

@article{solga2025gender,
  abstract = {Higher education institutions have implemented various affirmative action policies aimed at increasing the representation of female professors, including measures to reduce gender bias in professorship appointments. This raises the question of whether gender bias still exists. Research on gender bias in assistant professor appointments remains sparse. We therefore examine whether gender bias in assistant professor recruitment exists and differs across disciplines (looking at mathematics/physics, economics/sociology/political science, and German studies). Our analysis is based on a factorial survey experiment with 1857 professors from German universities in 2020. We draw on Crandall and Eshleman's (2003) justification-suppression model to argue that gender policies can help suppress the expression of prejudices (negative stereotypes) against female applicants. Our results show that in all disciplines studied, female applicants receive higher ratings than male applicants, both for perceived qualification for an assistant professorship and for being invited for an interview. The female advantage is more pronounced in mathematics/physics when applicants are perceived to be equally qualified, suggesting a greater normative pressure to comply with gender-based preferential selection. In mathematics/physics, however, we also find a smaller premium for having received a research grant among female applicants. Overall, the observed female advantage is rather small in all disciplines studied.},
  author = {Solga, Heike and Rusconi, Alessandra and Hofmeister, Sophie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1016/j.respol.2024.105170},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {00487-333},
  journal = {Research Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {ÉVS2017},
  title = {Gender biases in assistant professor recruitment: Does discipline matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2024.105170},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2025
}

@article{lepinteur2025equal,
  abstract = {We presented participants to an online study in Luxembourg with fictitious real-estate advertisements, tasking them to appraise the described properties. A random subset was also shown sellers’ surnames, strongly framed to signal their origins. All else equal, sellers with sub-Saharan African surnames were systematically offered lower prices — amounting to an appraisal penalty of EUR 20,000. This figure is highly heterogeneous and can amount up to around EUR 58,000 for older and low-educated participants. We provide evidence that the appraisal bias likely passes through onto final sales prices and that it may be largely due to statistical rather than taste-based discrimination.},
  author = {Lepinteur, Anthony and Menta, Giorgia and Waltl, Sofie R.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13841},
  doi = {10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104089},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v5.0.0},
  issn = {0166-0462},
  journal = {Regional Science and Urban Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study = {EU-SILC 2019},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Equal price for equal place? Demand-driven racial discrimination in the housing market},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104089},
  volume = 111,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{rubolino2021informality,
  abstract = {The power to tax is at the heart of creating an effective state. In contexts with weak enforcement and widespread informality, the threat of tax evasion may constrain policy makers’ power to set tax policies optimally. This paper studies whether reducing informality by tackling tax evasion leads policy makers to set more progressive taxes. I take advantage of an Italian policy that generated cross-municipality variation in scope for tackling income and property tax evasion through stricter tax enforcement. Combining an event study design with municipality-level panel data on statutory tax rates, I show that the ability of the government to change the size of the informal sector tips the balance in favor of higher statutory tax rates for middle and top earners, lower for the poor. The tax hike was larger in places with higher pre-program inequality and where intrinsic tax compliance attitudes were weaker. As a result of larger tax collections, municipalities hired more workers and raise public spending. These results suggest that policies enforcing legal rules and payment of taxes have not only the power to foster tax capacity, but also to enhance the ability to pursue redistributive policies.E Rubolino‬, ‪, 2021‬ - ‪2 citazioni‬},
  author = {Rubolino, Enrico},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 58,
  series = {SSRN Working Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Does Informality Deter Tax Progressivity?},
  year = 2021
}

@article{steckermeier2024unequal,
  abstract = {This paper explores the social structure of individual autonomy in Europe. Drawing on the capability approach and human empowerment theory, it investigates how individuals’ sense of autonomy is structured by individual means and conversion factors as well as economic, cultural, and institutional context conditions. Using data from the European Social Survey and the European Quality of Life Survey, these relationships are analyzed for 107,070 individuals in 18 European countries and four points in time between 2006 and 2016. Multilevel analyses reveal financial security, health, and social connectedness as the most important drivers of individuals’ sense of autonomy. On the macro level, national wealth, civil liberties, and an emancipative value climate are all found to be positively linked to individuals’ sense of autonomy, albeit weakly. Considering the value individuals attach to leading an autonomous life and the beneficial effects autonomy has been shown to have on people’s well-being, these findings shed first light on the unequal distribution of autonomy and autonomy resources on the individual and macro levels. Concluding, the paper highlights the potential for future research and policy implications.},
  author = {Steckermeier, Leonie C.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1080/00380237.2024.2388182},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0038-0237},
  journal = {Sociological Focus},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {539-562},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Unequal Autonomy: An Investigation of Individual and Societal Determinants of Individuals’ Sense of Autonomy in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2024.2388182},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2024
}

@article{tronconi2025exploring,
  abstract = {We introduce a novel dataset derived from a comprehensive survey targeting both elite and middle-level elites of Brothers of Italy (Fratelli d?Italia, FdI), the most-voted party in the Italian 2022 general elections and whose leader, Giorgia Meloni, is currently holding the office of Prime Minister. The dataset encompasses various aspects, including socio-demographic characteristics, prior political experience, motivations for joining the party, attitudes towards several political issues and institutions, policy preferences and populist orientation. Several questions have identical wording to those in recent mass surveys, facilitating comparisons between FdI elites, FdI voters and the broader Italian population. After detailing the fieldwork and main features of the sample, we illustrate potential uses of the dataset, such as examining the ideological cohesion of the party and the populist attitudes of its elites and voters.},
  author = {Tronconi, Filippo and Angelucci, Davide and Baldini, Gianfranco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/2474736X.2025.2569981},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Political Research Exchange},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Exploring the political culture of Fratelli d’Italia with a novel middle-level elite survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/2474736X.2025.2569981},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2025
}

@article{helin2025intergenerational,
  abstract = {Despite increasing concerns over socioeconomic barriers in access to doctoral education, relatively little is known about the degree to which PhDs are selected in terms of their social background. In this paper, we use combined data on over 200 000 individuals from the European Social Survey, the European Values Study, and the World Values Survey to estimate the strength of the relationship between parental education and child PhD attainment within 26 European countries. We find that intergenerational mobility into PhD degrees is somewhat higher in the Nordic countries, and somewhat lower in the Eastern European countries in our sample, but also that mobility is generally high, that PhDs are socioeconomically diverse, and that mobility differences between the countries in our sample are generally small.},
  author = {Helin, Jouni and Koerselman, Kristian and Nokkala, Terhi and Räikkönen, Eija},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458 ; 10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1162/euso.a.23},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0 ; ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA7505},
  issn = {14616696},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Intergenerational mobility into doctoral education across Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/euso.a.23},
  year = 2025
}

@article{tarabar2025inconsistent,
  abstract = {This paper examines whether inconsistent public sentiments on capitalism may lead governments to adopt incoherent economic liberalization packages characterized by uneven attention to different policy areas. We propose that inconsistent sentiments obstruct political consensus-building on reform trajectory within governing coalitions. These questions are explored empirically using a sample of up to 25 postsocialist countries during the initial phase of their market transition (1991–2001). We present evidence that ideological inconsistency of the median voter—defined as the standard deviation of median capitalism-related sentiments among likely voters—is associated with more fractionalized governing coalitions along party lines and that, in turn, higher government fractionalization increases the dispersion of promarket policies. Countries with greater economic policy dispersion have historically experienced lower income growth rates, highlighting the importance of maintaining balanced reform paths.},
  author = {Tarabar, Danko},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1111/kykl.12433},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1467-6435},
  journal = {Kyklos},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {631-647},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Do Inconsistent Public Opinions Explain Inconsistent Policies?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12433},
  volume = 78,
  year = 2025
}

@article{tizik2024multiple,
  abstract = {The post-1989 period in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is, in analyses of political and social life, often associated also with the return of religion to public and private life. The concepts of the return or revitalisation of religion in CEE suggest different patterns of religious change in countries ruled by materialist and anti-religious political regimes before 1990 compared to the long-term secularisation of Western European countries. However, more than three decades since the change of political regimes in Central and Eastern Europe, it appears that the social, religious and political changes in these countries have not been so unified and unidirectional, and that there is no uniform pattern of the dynamics of change in religious life in the countries of CEE. Based on the longitudinal research of the European Values Study and World Values Survey (1990–2022), this article shows, using a typological method, different trends of changes in the worldview structures in twelve CEE countries over the last three decades.},
  author = {Tížik, Miroslav},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004713802_003},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Annual Review of the Sociology of Religion},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {13-41},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Multiple Post-communisms: The Variability of Religious Change in Central and Eastern Europe },
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004713802_003},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2024
}

@article{stolz2023counterexample,
  abstract = {Secularization theory allows for transitory religious revivals under certain conditions, such as extreme societal crises or state weakness. The country of Georgia has witnessed the largest religious revival of Orthodox countries and one of the most striking religious resurgences worldwide. This paper gives both a statistical and historical description of this revival and asks whether it is a counterexample to secularization theory. We show that the main thrust of the religious revival in Georgia lasted 25 years and seized the entire society in what was mainly a period effect. The most significant cause for the revival was a major societal and economic crisis starting in 1985 combined with a very weak state, creating massive individual insecurity. In these circumstances, the Georgian Orthodox Church was able to provide identity for individuals and legitimacy for governments. Other possible causes of the revival—state funding, too rapid modernization, or emigration—can be excluded as primary drivers of the process. The Georgian case shows a situation in which secularization theory expects transitory revivals and is thus not a counterexample.},
  author = {Stolz, Jörg and Gugushvili, Alexi and Molteni, Francesco and Antonietti, Jean-Philippe},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1111/1468-4446.13009},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {The British Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {581-597},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {A counterexample to secularization theory? Assessing the Georgian religious revival},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.13009},
  volume = 74,
  year = 2023
}

@article{borba2024polarization,
  abstract = {Introduction: Political polarization stands as a pivotal topic in contemporary Political Science. Existing literature indicates that ideological extremism, prevalent in polarized environments, fosters the erosion of democratic norms by political elites. This phenomenon has primarily been explored through the examination of isolated cases or limited comparisons among a handful of highly polarized countries. This article investigates the role of “guardians of democracy”, questioning whether specific ideological groups maintain their commitment to democratic principles even amidst profound polarization. Materials and methods: Our analysis draws on public opinion data from 57 countries, encompassing over 77,000 respondents, sourced from the most recent wave of the World Values Survey (2017-2020). We explore the interaction between contextual and individual factors, investigating the impact of national-level polarization on individuals with varying ideological orientations and how the government's dominant ideology shapes individual responses to political polarization. Results: There is a negative relationship between polarization and democratic legitimacy. However, the impact varies depending on the ideology of the voters and their alignment with the ideology of the ruling party. Discussion: Our analysis suggests that the interaction between contextual factors (polarization and government ideology) and individual factors (voter ideology) creates scenarios that foster different profiles of guardians of democracy. However, none of these scenarios involved right-wing individuals presenting themselves as such.},
  author = {Borba, Julian and Ribeiro, Ednaldo and Fuks, Mario},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1590/1678-98732432e006},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {0104-4478},
  journal = {Revista de Sociologia e Política},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Polarization and ideology: exploring the contextual nature of democratic commitment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98732432e006},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2024
}

@book{genova2025youth,
  abstract = {This book asks readers to rethink youth activism in the political field as a lifestyle whose sense goes beyond the logic of political action. Reviewing the debate on the relationship between young people, politics and political participation, it shows that a significant portion of young people are involved in more social forms of participation, rather than with political ones, because their references to political values and ideologies, as well as their trust in political actors, are weak. But, in parallel, it also challenges the hypothesis that the various ways in which young people are present in the political sphere can be considered simply as forms of political participation. Presenting the results of research on young activists from radical-left groups in Italy, the book shows that their involvement is only partly attributable to reasons of political intervention; instead, desires for experimentation and self-expression, as well as shared tastes and sensibilities that far exceed the boundaries of the political, characterize their participation, and are therefore a component of a broader, distinctive lifestyle. Based on these findings, the book calls for a rethinking of youth engagement, the reasons for which could be largely outside the field of politics.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Genova, Carlo and Tazzara, Martina},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-88672-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Youth Political Activism in Italy: Participation in Radical-Left Groups},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88672-0},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{bolkvadze2024environmental,
  abstract = {Environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) play an important role in environmental governance. However, ENGO activity does not always lead to favorable outcomes. This paper highlights the ways in which neoliberal economic reforms and governance deficits constrain ENGO effectiveness through a case study of Georgia — an emerging democracy that has attracted considerable external funding in the environmental domain. We analyze representative household survey data on environmental attitudes and conduct interviews with ENGO representatives and other key informants to show how many Georgian ENGOs are able to create a fa¸cade of successful activities for the country’s donors, while not contributing to meaningful environmental outcomes at the local level. The case study further illustrates the implications of Georgia’s business-government nexus, which censors criticism by genuine ENGOs, while leading others to take lucrative contracts for environmental impact evaluations. These findings have important implications for efforts by external actors working to promote environmental governance.},
  address = {Gothenburg},
  author = {Bolkvadze, Ketevan and Carlitz, Ruth and Povitkina, Marina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  institution = {University of Gothenburg},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  series = {Working Papers Series},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Environmental NGOs in Emerging Democracies: Obstacles to Effective Action},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/2077/80735},
  year = 2024
}

@article{karim2025agnostics,
  abstract = {The major moral differences between religious and nonreligious people comprise stronger endorsement of, primarily, traditional/restrictive morality regarding family, sexuality, and purity, and, secondarily, ingroup prosociality/cooperation. Research indicates that agnostics differ from atheists (and religionists) in personality and other characteristics. Does this extend to morality? We analyzed European Values Survey 2017 data from 33 countries of Protestant, Catholic, Orthodox, and Muslim heritage and compared, through multilevel analyses, agnostics to religionists and atheists in moral attitudes (total N = 35,560). The latter comprised traditional/restrictive morality (preservation of traditional family and natural life processes, “hygienic” morality, restrictive sexuality), civic morality (citizen’s obligations), and death penalty. Across religious-cultural zones, and beyond differences between them, agnostics, in traditional morality, were midway between the “restrictive” religionists and the “permissive” atheists but resemble atheists in being more permissive than religionists on civic morality. The role of secularization and agnostics’ personality in understanding the above findings is discussed.},
  author = {Karim, Moise and Clobert, Magali and Saroglou, Vassilis},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13561},
  doi = {10.1080/10508619.2025.2594850},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7502 v2.0.0},
  journal = {The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Do Agnostics Resemble Atheists or Religionists on Morality? Evidence from 33 European Countries of Different Religious Heritage},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2025.2594850},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{grosfeld2021independent,
  abstract = {Can media affect religious behavior? We study the effect of a drastic change in media landscape on religious participation in Poland, a country, where vast majority of the population considers itself Catholics. Before 2015, news on mainstream public and private media outlets had a similar moderately-liberal slant. In 2015, a right-wing populist party Law and Justice (PiS) came to power and took control of the editorial policy of public media, introducing a substantial conservative pro-government and pro-Church bias in public-media broadcast. A private TV network, TVN, remained the main source of freely available independent-from-the-government news on the Polish television. In a difference-in-differences setting, we exploit spatial variation in TVN signal, sufficiently good for reception in about two-thirds of the country, and the overtime change in the content of the major state-owned TV network, which has good reception almost everywhere. We document that, after PiS came to power, religious participation fell more in municipalities with access to TVN compared to municipalities receiving only state TV signal. Using a large-scale online randomization experiment, we examine the effects of exposure to different types of content available only via independent media. We show that exposing both the pedophilia within the Church and the mutual financial and political support between the Church and the ruling PiS party decreases trust in religious institutions, but the effect of exposing pedophilia scandals is stronger. The experiment's results persist for at least three weeks.},
  address = {Rochester},
  author = {Grosfeld, Irena and Madinier, Etienne and Sakalli, Seyhun Orcan and Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3863387},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  institution = {Social Science Research Network},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 3863387,
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Independent Media and Religiosity},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3863387},
  year = 2021
}

@article{windecker2025living,
  abstract = {In many authoritarian regimes, multiparty elections are held in which the opposition can potentially defeat the incumbent. How do ordinary citizens perceive the integrity of elections in such regime environments? We argue that government supporters adopt the incumbent’s narrative to consider elections fair and legitimate. By contrast, opposition supporters regard elections in such systems as biased and not meaningful. We provide evidence from large cross-country public opinion data and the unexpected 2018 Turkish snap election announcement to examine long- and short-term patterns of perceived electoral integrity. We find that the partisan gap in perceived electoral integrity is more substantial under electoral authoritarianism than under democratic rule. The partisan gap grows in autocratizing political systems, and these perceptions are mostly stable in the short term, even at times of radically increased salience of electoral competition. Our study yields implications for the dynamics between elites and citizens in autocracies in which elections remain a critical source of regime legitimacy.},
  author = {Windecker, Paula and Vergioglou, Ioannis and Jacob, Marc S.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.1017/S0007123424000863},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2020},
  title = {Living in Different Worlds: Electoral Authoritarianism and Partisan Gaps in Perceptions of Electoral Integrity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000863},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{voye2012portrait,
  address = {Rennes},
  author = {Voyé, Liliane and Dobbelaere, Karel},
  booktitle = {Portraits du catholicisme : Une comparaison européenne},
  editor = {Pérez-Agote, Alfonso},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811},
  isbn = {978-2-7535-2643-6},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro french incollection},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Presses universitaires de Rennes},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Portrait du catholicisme en Belgique},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{nogues2024italia,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Nogués, Isabel and Álvarez, María José Ruiz},
  booktitle = {Libro Blanco De Las Políticas De Género En Ciencia Y Academia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  editor = {Martín, Fayna García and García, Sara Barrasa and Pérez, Rocío Fuente and Carro, Sofía C. Samper},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {77-90},
  publisher = {Editorial Centro De Estudios Ramón Areces},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Italia},
  url = {https://docta.ucm.es/rest/api/core/bitstreams/fa480ad3-3669-4599-9e25-24ea790a0dc6/content},
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{delhey2021virus,
  abstract = {Trust is widely considered a critical resource for modern societies, and in times of crisis like the coronavirus pandemic, its importance is even greater: More than ever we depend on fellow citizens to behave responsibly, and on institutional actors to make the right decisions. Looking at trust from an existential security point of view, this paper investigates trust’s relationship with pandemic-induced insecurities. We explore how levels of social trust (trust in strangers) and institutional trust (trust in the government and in the public healthcare system) have de-veloped over the pandemic period, and how trust relates to individuals’ experiences of sickness and economic hardship as well as respective fears. Using panel data from Germany and the United Kingdom for 2020 and 2021, we find that average levels of trust have remained quite stable. Nevertheless, whereas individuals’ social trust is largely unrelated to insecurities, insti-tutional trust is strengthened by health-related insecurities and weakened by economic inse-curities. In both countries, pandemic-induced fears matter more for institutional trust than experienced insecurities. Our results indicate the importance of expectation management, and suggest that the economic and health implications of the pandemic should be regarded as sep-arate challenges.},
  address = {Magdeburg},
  author = {Delhey, Jan and Steckermeir, Leonie C. and Boehnke, Klaus and Deutsch, Franziska and Kühnen, Ulrich and Welzel, Christian},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  institution = {Department for Social Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 80,
  pages = 28,
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {A Virus of Distrust? Existential Insecurity and Trust During the Coronavirus Pandemic},
  type = {DSS Working Paper},
  url = {https://www.soz.ovgu.de/arbeitsberichte.html},
  year = 2021
}

@article{amrihenkel2025appeal,
  abstract = {This article examines how sufficiency, an approach to sustainability focused on reducing resource consumption, can be communicated as a pathway to a good life rather than a call to sacrifice. Based on a representative survey in Germany, the findings show that although the term “sufficiency” is unfamiliar to many people, core values such as health, financial security, and social connection offer promising entry points for communication. We highlight how structural inequalities shape the feasibility of sufficiency. Individuals with care responsibilities often face time constraints that limit their capacity to adopt sufficiency practices, while many low-income groups already live within ecological limits, often involuntarily. Sufficiency policies can empower these individuals by improving access to services, mobility, and durable goods. This article advocates a constructivist, power-sensitive communication approach that links sufficiency to everyday needs, social justice, and enabling policy frameworks, reframing it not as an individual sacrifice but as a collective right and a foundation for more livable, equitable futures.},
  author = {Amri-Henkel, Andrea and Zheng, Yue and Holzhausen, Gisa and Zeck, Benjamin and Dauwe, Stefan and Horst, Juri and Noll, Florian and Uhlig, Ingo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.1080/15487733.2025.2592390},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {The appeal of the good life: strategies for communicating sufficiency practices and policies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2025.2592390},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{bischof2023misperceiving,
  abstract = {Generations of political scientists seek to understand the relationship between citizens' democratic values and democratic stability. The key premise of this research tradition is that democratic societies live on a ``social consensus'' over a set of democratic values; a democratic norm. Yet, until today scholarship has neither carefully theorized the role of nor measured this social consensus. Building on research in social psychology, we conceptualize democratic norms as social norms: citizens may think that most people in democracies support its institutions (descriptive norm) and also that one ought to do so (injunctive norm). Based on this, we provide a theoretical framework and derive observable implications of which country- and individual-level characteristics structure social democratic norms. Using existing surveys and large-scale original survey experiments, we will then measure these democratic norms in up to 15 democracies. Our research has important implications for research on democracy showcasing the role social norms play to craft democratic support in our societies.},
  author = {Bischof, Daniel and Allinger, Tim Lars and Le Corre Juratic, Morgan and Frederiksen, Kristian Vrede Skaaning},
  doi = {10.31219/osf.io/dpq7w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {Open Science Framework},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {(Mis-)Perceiving Support for Democracy: The Role of Social Norms for Democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dpq7w},
  year = 2023
}

@article{cichocki2024wealth,
  abstract = {The article investigates normative preferences for environmental protection over economic growth registered in 74 countries—based on the European Values Study and the World Value Survey (2017–2022). We employ multi-level logistic regression to demonstrate that Gross Domestic Product per capita moderates the effects of political orientation and household income, both of which tend to be stronger in wealthier countries. Only in wealthy societies are left-leaning and affluent individuals far more likely to prefer environmental protection. Not accounting for moderation leads to underestimating the propensity for political polarization over environmental questions. Hence, our study suggests that large-scale implementation of growth-impeding or wealth-sacrificing environmental policies could face insurmountable public opposition in wealthy societies. Furthermore, failing to account for the moderation by GDP per capita in cross-national studies of environmental attitudes may constitute a confounding factor by aggregating wealthier countries, where the effects of political orientation and household income prove substantial, with the poorer ones, where they appear negligible.},
  author = {Cichocki, Piotr and Jabkowski, Piotr and Baranowski, Mariusz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152241229395},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {0020-7152, 1745-2554},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {231-246},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The wealth of nations matters: A cross-national analysis of how political orientation and household income affect attitudes toward environmental protection},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152241229395},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2024
}

@article{heyets2025transformation,
  abstract = {    In the paper, economic socialization is considered as a significant value for both an individual and society as a whole, which justifies it as a support for the interaction of the economic and the social, allowing for the search for ways to resolve the contradiction in the system of relations "state — property". It is shown that economic socialization is the result of the individual's internalization, at the psychological level, of the economic values of external economic activity and the result of his/her externalizational ability to perform economic actions, including those that allow for the successful realization of the right to property by combining self-interest and "noble rivalry". Th e processes associated with economic socialization are also underpinned by the component of individual's socialization, which is part, on the one hand, of the natural space, and on the other — of the social environment, in which individual's action has, meanwhile, all the features of social action. Economic activity in Ukraine, which took place both during the transition to market relations and aft er Ukraine was recognized as a country with a market economy in 2006, gave rise to processes in society that led to the shift from "economic romanticism" to the awareness of problems in the relations "state — private property". Sociological surveys on this topic have shown preference for strengthening the role of public property. In the indicated contradiction, we see a way to resolve it through overcoming self-interest by expanding those components of individual's socialization that are determined by his/her participation in the activities of nongovernmental organizations. Th e success of such a path of expanding the latter's role is possible due to socialization, including interconnected economic socialization, which is supported by a high degree of trust in them. },
  author = {Heyets, Valeriy},
  doi = {10.15407/economyukr.2025.07.003},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {25229303},
  journal = {Economy of Ukraine},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 7,
  pages = {3-25},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ЗМІСТУ І СТРУКТУРИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ У СИСТЕМІ «ДЕРЖАВА—ВЛАСНІСТЬ» (Transformation of the Content and Structure of Economic Socialization in the System "State-Property")},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2025.07.003},
  volume = 68,
  year = 2025
}

@article{hartinger2025individualism,
  abstract = {More individualistic countries experience higher economic growth. We provide evidence for a human-capital-based explanation of the growth effects of individualism. Using data from the largest international adult skill assessment, we establish that individualism shapes human capital formation. We identify the effects of individualism by exploiting variation between migrants at the origin- country, origin-language, and person level. Migrants from more individualistic cultures have higher cognitive skills and larger skill gains over time. They also invest more in their skills over the life cycle, as they acquire more years of schooling and are more likely to participate in adult education activities. Individualism is more important in explaining adult skill formation than any other cultural trait that previous literature has emphasized. In the labor market, more individualistic migrants earn higher wages and are less often unemployed. We show that our results cannot be explained by selective migration or omitted origin-country variables.},
  author = {Hartinger, Katharina and Resnjanskij, Sven and Ruhose, Jens and Wiederhold, Simon},
  doi = {10.1093/jeea/jvaf066},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  issn = {1542-4766},
  journal = {Journal of the European Economic Association},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-46},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Individualism and the Formation of Human Capital},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvaf066},
  year = 2025
}

@article{aurrekoetxeacasaus2024nexus,
  abstract = {How do individual religious, political, and social tolerance orientations influence the acceptance of ART among Spanish citizens? SUMMARY ANSWER: Social tolerance and religiosity are predictive factors for the acceptance of ART, with more tolerant individuals and those with lower levels of religiosity being more accepting of ART; political conservatism mediates the relationship between social tolerance and acceptance of ART, particularly for left-leaning individuals. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The rapid advancement of ART has raised questions about its societal acceptance, especially in the context of religious, political, and social beliefs. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The analysis utilized data from the combined Europe Values Study and World Values Survey, comprising cross-sectional national surveys from 1981 to 2021. Each country’s population was surveyed a maximum of seven times and a minimum of two times during this period. This study uses the cross-sectional data of 2021. After filtering for Spanish citizens and deleting cases with missing key variables, a sample of 1030 valid responses from Spanish citizens was obtained. Quotas were set for sex, age, and educational level, following guidance from the Spanish Statistics Institute. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The study surveyed participants’ attitudes towards ART, their religious and political orientations, and collected demographic information. The sample consisted of 51.7% women, most respondents were married or in common-law partnerships, and 61.6% had children. Catholicism was the dominant religion (53.0%) and a majority had completed secondary education (66.2%), with half earning over 1400 euros per month. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Using two linear models to test hypotheses, the study found that social tolerance and religiosity significantly predict acceptance of ART, with more tolerant and less religious individuals being more accepting. Political conservatism mediated the relationship between social tolerance and ART acceptance, particularly among left-leaning individuals. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: This study is cross-sectional and based on self-reported data, which may have limitations. Additionally, the findings are based on a Spanish sample and may not be universally applicable. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The results have significant implications for policymakers and healthcare professionals in the field of reproductive technologies. They also contribute to public debates on ethical considerations surrounding ART. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This work was funded by the Mineco-FrontVida Program, Frontiers of Life, Social Change, and Changing Values Around the Beginning and End of Life (grant number PID2019-106882RB-I00), as part of the State Program for Knowledge Generation and Scientific and Technological Strengthening, and the State R&D Program Oriented to the Challenges of Society, 2019, Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.},
  author = {Aurrekoetxea-Casaus, Maite and Ronda, Lorena},
  doi = {10.1093/humrep/deae169},
  issn = {02681161},
  journal = {Human Reproduction},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 9,
  pages = {2043–2052},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The nexus of fertility and politics: exploring the influence of social tolerance, religiosity, and political conservatism on the acceptance of assisted reproduction in Spain},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deae169},
  volume = 39,
  year = 2024
}

@article{brunello2025pension,
  abstract = {Using matched employer-employee data for Italy and newly available information on sick leave certificates, we study the effect of an exogenous increase in the length of the residual work horizon—triggered by a pension reform that increased minimum retirement age—on middle-aged employees’ absence from work due to sick leaves. We find that this effect is positive for females and negative for males. We explain these results by arguing that the intertemporal substitution of leisure prevailed over the fear of job loss for females, while the opposite happened to males. Sick leaves increased only for females working in firms that pay smaller wage premia to female workers than to males, suggesting that, in these firms, females exchange lower pay for higher flexibility in their work schedule.},
  author = {Brunello, Giorgio and Paola, Maria De and Rocco, Lorenzo},
  doi = {10.1007/s00148-025-01074-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {1432-1475},
  journal = {Journal of Population Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 9,
  pages = {1-26},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Pension reforms, longer working horizons, and absence from work},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-025-01074-7},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{piters2024ethic,
  abstract = {The negative correlation between socio-economic indicators and the strength of work ethic at country-level is well documented. However, the mechanisms driving this correlation remain unresolved. Modernization theory implies that a lack of economic security at individual-level increases the priorities for materialistic values, such as the work ethic. However, we argue that even if Inglehart always considered education as an excellent indicator of one’s economic security, there is only weak evidence that the effect of education on a person’s work ethic is due solely to economic security. Drawing on three waves of the Europe Values Study (EVS) and using multilevel modeling, we separately examine the explanatory power of education and economic security on work ethic between 1999 and 2017. The results show that economic security is weakly related with the level of work ethic, while the effect of education is significant and consistent. In the discussion, we address the newly identified limitations of modernization theory and propose an alternative explanation for the evolution of work ethic in Europe.},
  author = {Piters, Raphaël},
  doi = {10.31219/osf.io/4x9vy_v1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {OSF Preprints},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Does Work Ethic Reflect Economic Security ? A Multilevel Analysis of Two Decades of Work Ethic in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/4x9vy_v1},
  year = 2024
}

@article{rovati2025morire,
  author = {Rovati, Giancarlo},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {3035-3955},
  journal = {Il Progetto. Rivista di cultura del lavoro},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 11,
  pages = {18-22},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Morire in guerra, difendere la pace. Tra immagini collettive e realtà},
  url = {https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/1198756/2/Rivista-il-Progetto-Anno-1-Numero-11-novembre-2025.pdf},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{giani2024political,
  abstract = {Using a staggered difference-in-difference design, we study the consequence of the largest ever market-oriented transformation in higher education – the ‘Bologna process’ – on the ideology and socioeconomic outcomes of European Millennials. We find that the reform persistently and substantially elevated the students’ individualist concern for social status over their universalist concern for global justice, values conforming with ‘liquid modernity’ over ‘solid modernity’ and the salience of economic over sociocultural goals. The ‘self-interest bias’ is orthogonal to the traditional left-right cleavage in attitudinal or behavioural metrics and emerges absent any significant change in long-term income, wealth, unemployment, or occupational prestige. Through a direct mechanism of political socialisation, the globalisation of European higher education increased the perceived importance of status without improving it, shifting the educated class away from its presumed role in endorsing cosmopolitan causes. Institutionally-driven status anxiety, not idiosyncratic generational morals, constructs the ‘student customer’.},
  author = {Giani, Marco},
  doi = {10.31219/osf.io/5shpt},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {OSF Preprints},
  series = {OSF Preprints},
  title = {The Political Economy Effects of the Bologna Process},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5shpt},
  year = 2024
}

@article{coron2025gender,
  abstract = {Purpose: Previous research has measured wage inequalities based on gender and sexual orientation. However, although sexism and homophobia form the backdrop of these studies, no research has measured the role played by gender stereotypes and homophobia on the national level in these wage disparities. Most studies have been conducted in single countries, which prevents researchers from considering the effects of national values (such as gender stereotypes and homophobia) on wages. This article aims to bridge these gaps by studying wage differentials according to gender and sexual orientation across 25 European countries characterised by various levels of homophobia and gender stereotypes. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses two data sources, namely the EWCS and EVS surveys, to measure wage inequalities according to gender and sexual orientation in European countries characterised by different levels of gender stereotypes and homophobia. The analysis is mostly based on multilevel modelling. Findings: Our findings shows that in Europe, among partnered individuals, after controlling for individual variables, lesbian women earn more than heterosexual women but less than gay men who themselves receive less salary than heterosexual men. The gender pay gap is lower among lesbians and gays than among heterosexual individuals. Once national variables are added with interaction effects with sexual orientation, lesbian women seem to be the category for whom the wage increases related to living in non-homophobic countries are the highest. Originality/value: This article is the first to measure the role played by national gender ideology and homophobia in wage inequalities according to gender and sexual orientation.},
  author = {Coron, Clotilde},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1108/EDI-02-2024-0068},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {2040-7149},
  journal = {Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gender, sexual orientation and the pay gap: an analysis in light of homophobia and gender stereotypes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-02-2024-0068},
  year = 2025
}

@article{aranguren2025stressful,
  abstract = {Interactional incidents are a common object of survey studies on perceived discrimination and of field experiments on discrimination in social interaction. However, this commonality in object has been obscured by a fundamental difference in operationalization: survey studies measure the discriminatee’s experience, whereas field experiments measure the discriminator’s behaviour. To renew the conceptualization of discrimination as a mechanism of health disparities, the article advances an original analysis of discrimination as a stressor that emphasizes its environmental origin. The heart of the analysis is the concept of stressful discrimination, defined as a group-based difference in treatment that generally causes stress to the target. Stressful discrimination is a mechanism of stress causation that includes but is more encompassing than perceived discrimination (the focus of most research in the area). Relying on a double-randomization design, two interlocking field experiments illustrate this mechanism. Together, the experiments show that women who wear the Islamic headscarf in France are the target of stressful discrimination.},
  author = {Aranguren, Martin},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcaf047},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {0266-7215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Stressful discrimination: two field experiments on social interaction},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaf047},
  year = 2025
}

@article{foa2025democratic,
  abstract = {In recent decades, Americans have grown more dissatisfied with the performance of their democracy, while respect for basic democratic norms has eroded. In this article, we suggest a mechanism which links these two phenomena to the partisan dynamics of political competition. As affective polarization has increased, partisans have become more likely to favour institutional norms that offer their own side political advantage. As a result, supporters of the Republican Party de-emphasize norms of accountability, civility or judicial independence, while supporters of the Democratic Party favour bureaucratic or technocratic modes of governance. We link such patterns of norm evaluation to changes in underlying democratic attitudes, and argue that the main cleavage between the parties is not around support for democracy versus “authoritarian” values but rather a divide between anti-establishment and technocratic approaches to politics. We suggest this pattern may be typical of societies that have been divided by populism, and can help scholars to understand how democratic institutions can be undermined even in the context of apparently robust democratic support.},
  author = {Foa, Roberto Stefan and Mounk, Yascha},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2025.2470764},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {13510347},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1880-1903},
  study = {ISSP ; CSES},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Democratic norm erosion and partisanship in the United States},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2025.2470764},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bechert2025caring,
  abstract = {Curation matters for data quality! Hardly any survey data user would disagree with this statement. But how much of a difference it makes is difficult to count. In this paper, we will illustrate on the example of data from two cross-national social survey programs, the European Value Study (EVS) and the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), the most common errors that occur in uncurated international comparative data and draw attention to the problems that can arise from such errors in analyses’ results. To facilitate quality assessment and enable the assessment of data quality variation between countries within a survey, we developed a scheme that categorizes these errors, helps quantify them, and assigns them to possible curation measures. Based on this scheme, we developed an indicator that is called the Curation Impact Factor (CIF) that puts a concrete number on the data quality improvement due to curation effort and allows for comparability even across surveys. Therefore, the CIF could potentially be used to justify the use of resources for data curation in any survey data life cycle (e.g., in grant applications).},
  author = {Bechert, Insa and Beck, Kerstin and Ros, Ivet Solanes},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12312 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.2218/ijdc.v19i1.1030},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5950 v2.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {17468256},
  journal = {International Journal of Digital Curation},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {ISSP2013 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Caring for Data’s Soul: The development of a Curation Impact Factor to pinpoint the effects of data curation activities on data quality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v19i1.1030 },
  volume = 19,
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{luke2021contested,
  abstract = {This dissertation examines the welfare state and social pacts and determines both the causes for their decline and the political effects of their erosion in a series of three papers. Though each of these papers stands alone, together they speak to the growing influence of the European Union, which I find has been a catalyst for retrenchment and diminished social pacts in the aftermath of the Eurozone Crisis. Furthermore, it has been an underestimated factor in the contemporary spike in support for radical right parties. In an era where unpopular policies are imposed by governments under pressure from supranational entities, this volume answers the question of how the public responds to and perceives these changes. Importantly, this dissertation finds that there are two distinct national models for how the public responds to unpopular policies and ultimately the distinction between these two models is whether or not the public rewards parties for past performance or simply punishes them for unpopular policies. This volume sheds light on a political world where austerity is the consensus policy and national governments are constrained by supranational politics.},
  address = {Boston},
  author = {Luke, Michael},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Boston University},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Contested Welfare State in Europe},
  type = {Ph.D.},
  url = {https://www.proquest.com/docview/2593627824?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true},
  year = 2021
}

@article{ignacz2024relationship,
  abstract = {The paper outlines key points of a novel research approach to empirically investigate the question of legitimacy in modern societies. This new research approach utilizes a functionalist perspective to expand the concept of legitimacy. Accordingly, the conceptual framework discusses how legitimacy can be employed in different domains of society. In particular, it proposes to conceptualize both the legitimacy of the political system (political legitimacy) as well as the legitimacy of the economic system (economic legitimacy). The main objectives of the study are to (1) develop conceptualizations that are empirically plausible for the two types of legitimacies; (2) to empirically verify the operationalization; and (3) to assess empirically the relationship between these two types of legitimacies and identify interdependencies between them. The paper employs a macro-level research design to understand the relationship between political and economic legitimacy, where the main units of analysis are countries. The study compiles a new country-level dataset of indicators for political and economic legitimacy based on a large selection of secondary cross-national data sources. It employs then structural equation modeling to established empirical measurement models for political and economic legitimacy. Moreover, the relationship of political and economic legitimacy is explored with a cross-lagged panel model. The paper establishes that political and economic legitimacy are two distinct concepts empirically. Furthermore, the empirical results indicate that political legitimacy has a negative influence on economic legitimacy, whereas economic legitimacy does not effect political legitimacy. Overall, the paper shows the viability of this new research approach and potential pitfalls for future research. The empirical evidence should be interpreted with caution due to low data quality, nonetheless the paper contributes to taking a step closer toward understanding how governments can ensure stable societies.},
  author = {Ignácz, Zsófia S.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11136 ; 10.4232/1.11625 ; 10.4232/1.12969 ; 10.4232/1.13249 ; 10.4232/1.12847 ; 10.4232/1.13288},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2024.1198295},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA3950 ; ZA4950 ; ZA5400 ; ZA5500 ; ZA6670 ; ZA6980 ; ZA7570 ; ZA7600 ; ZA4975 v3.0.0 ; ZA5237 v4.2.0 ; ZA5929 v3.0.0 ; ZA6643 v4.0.0 ; ZA6788 v1.4.0 ; ZA6863 v1.0.0 ; ZA6939 v2.0.0},
  issn = {2673-3145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2009 ; ISSP2010 ; ISSP2014 ; ISSP2017 ; ISSP2018 ; ISSP2019 ; EB72.1 ; EB74.1 ; EB81.5 ; EB84.3 ; EB86.2 ; EB87.3 ; EB88.4},
  title = {The relationship between political legitimacy and economic legitimacy: Empirical explorations of a novel research approach on legitimacy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1198295},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2024
}

@article{kurella2025unfolding,
  abstract = {New cultural policy issues, such as environmentalism, nationalism, and gender, have become well integrated into the two-dimensional structure of West European party systems. However, it remains uncertain whether a similar trend towards preference alignment exists among electorates. Studies on public opinion suggest that citizens’ attitudes are less ideologically constrained than parties’ policy packages. Nevertheless, much of the literature on voting takes voter alignment on new cultural issues as given. This study takes a step back to examine which policy dimensions shape public opinion and how these dimensions interrelate across a broad range of West European countries between 1990 and 2017. The results reveal strong regional patterns, but provide limited evidence of temporal alignment. Notably, nationalism does not strongly shape public opinion in Southern Europe, while gender roles form a weak dimension in Nordic countries. These results shed new light on the transformation of policy spaces.},
  author = {Kurella, Anna-Sophie and Rapp, Milena},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.1080/01402382.2025.2466117},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {01402382},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {841-866},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Unfolding GAL-TAN: the multi-dimensional nature of public opinion in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2025.2466117},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2025
}

@article{hu2025macrointerest,
  abstract = {"The extent to which the public takes an interest in politics has long been argued to be foundational to democracy, but the want of appropriate data has prevented cross-national and longitudinal analysis. This letter takes advantage of recent advances in latent-variable modelling of aggregate survey responses and a comprehensive collection of survey data to generate dynamic comparative estimates of macrointerest, that is, aggregate political interest, for over a hundred countries over the past four decades. These macrointerest scores are validated with other aggregate measures of political interest and of other types of political engagement. A cross-national and longitudinal analysis of macrointerest in advanced democracies reveals that along with election campaigns and inclusive institutions, it is good economic conditions, not bad times, that spur publics to greater interest in politics." Die Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 1980 bis 2021 werden in diesem Beitrag als Vergleichsdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 40. Fassung, Dezember 2025},
  author = {Hu, Yue and Solt, Frederick},
  availability = {22.12.2025},
  doi = {10.1017/S0007123424001042},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3950},
  issn = {00071234},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study = {ALLBUS1980-2021 ; EVS},
  study-id = {ISSP2004},
  title = {Macrointerest Across Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424001042 },
  volume = 55,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bayomoriones2025technology,
  abstract = {Purpose: Research on the adoption of human resource analytics (HRA) is dominated mainly by qualitative case studies and by evidence based on the individual perspective using limited samples of workers. This perspective does not consider contextual factors within and outside the firm that could promote or impede the adoption of HRA. This paper tries to overcome this gap by offering empirical evidence on the contextual factors associated with the use of HRA in European countries. Design/methodology/approach: Using a sample of more than 10,000 European establishments, we focus on the influence of two internal company factors (general-purpose technologies (GPTs) and human resource management (HRM)) and one external factor (social trust in the country) on the incidence of HRA. Findings: Results show that HRA is more likely to be used in countries with low generalized trust and in firms where collaborative and calculative HRM practices and technologies, such as robots and general-purpose data analytics, are implemented. Originality/value: The research contributes to ongoing debates in the field by providing empirical evidence on the significance of contextual factors related to the adoption of HRA in European companies. Specifically, this is achieved by including variables that have not been examined in previous literature, such as collaborative and calculative HRM practices and GPTs (computers, robots and data analytics technologies) at the company level as well as the impact of social trust (an external factor) at the country level.},
  author = {Bayo-Moriones, Alberto and Erro-Garcés, Amaya and Lera-López, Fernando},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1108/PR-06-2024-0561},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {00483486},
  journal = {Personnel Review},
  keywords = {2026 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1–26},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The role of technology, calculative and collaborative HRM and social trust in driving human resource analytics in European firms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-06-2024-0561},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2026
}

@article{runhardt2024interventionist,
  abstract = {This commentary uses interventionism, a counterfactual theory of causation from philosophy of science, to evaluate the causal analysis in the article “Legacies of the Third Reich: Concentration Camps and Out-Group Intolerance” (Homola, Pereira, and Tavits 2020; hereafter “Legacies”). The section ‘An Interventionist Potential Outcomes Framework’ consists of a condensed presentation of the interventionist theory, while the section ‘Translating “Legacies of the Third Reich”’ re-expresses the causal claims from “Legacies” in interventionist terms and presents an accompanying causal graph. The section ‘Three Stages of Interventionist Causal Analysis’ then highlights one of the steps in the causal graph to illustrate the key stages of interventionist causal analysis in qualitative and mixed-method research.},
  author = {Runhardt, Rosa},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.14062788},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {Qualitative & Multi-Method Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {17-23},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {An Interventionist Potential Outcomes Framework},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14062788},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2024
}

@article{breznau2024moderating,
  abstract = {A theory of rational attitude formation suggests public perceptions that income differences are too large should lead to demands for income redistribution. Public opinion scientists irregularly observe this at best. It is possible that the instruments we use to observe support for income redistribution are ineffective. We suggest at least part of the inconsistently observed linkages are due to unobserved confounding of government heuristics. We hypothesize that government affect provides a heuristic cue for survey respondents to answer questions on their preference for the government engaging in income redistribution. The greater the valence or quantity of reasons for a survey respondent to have negative government affect, the more perceptions of inequality and support for redistribution are decoupled and apparently inconsistent. To test this, we measured government affect at the country-time level using trust, corruption perceptions, and economic performance. We executed tests of moderation using slopes-as-outcomes regressions with ISSP data from 36 countries in 102 country-time points. Given the difficulty in fitting complex theories of society and politics into a limited number of macro-comparative cases, we ran a multiverse analysis of alternatively plausible models. There is a consistent negative moderation effect across models suggesting that our theory of government affect as opinion expression on a survey is worthy of further consideration. The findings also suggest more qualitative cognitive survey interviews to better understand this process.},
  author = {Breznau, Nate and Heukamp, Lisa and Nguyen, Hung HV and Knuf, Tom},
  doi = {10.1177/09589287241290742},
  issn = {1461-7269},
  journal = {Journal of European Social Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {21-39},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS},
  title = {The moderating role of government heuristics in public preferences for redistribution},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/09589287241290742},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2025
}

@article{graafland2025relative,
  abstract = {In his seminal book ‘Social limits to growth’ Hirsch argues that the importance of positional goods (those things of which the value depends on how much other people own) increases with economic welfare. This would suggest that relative income affects subjective well-being more in rich countries than in poor countries. This paper tests this hypothesis by analysing the effect of relative income on life satisfaction in 101 countries using a comprehensive dataset from the Integrated World Values Survey and the World Bank. The results contradict the hypothesis of Hirsch: life satisfaction in rich countries is less affected by relative income and more affected by absolute income than in poor countries. The results are robust when splitting the sample into four sub samples for high, middle-high, middle-low-, and low-income countries, using alternative measures of relative income, tests for over-control bias, and bounds analysis. Delving into factors that explain these results, we find that national culture, measured by individualism and generalized trust, negatively and income inequality positively moderate the relationship between relative income and life satisfaction.},
  author = {Graafland, Johan},
  doi = {10.1007/s10645-025-09460-y},
  issn = {15729982},
  journal = {De Economist},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {609-635},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {On Relative Income and Life Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of GDP Per Capita, Culture and Income Inequality},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-025-09460-y},
  volume = 173,
  year = 2025
}

@article{prutskova2023religiosity,
  abstract = {The differences across religions and regions of Europe are growing against the background of secularization processes and the weakening connection between religiosity and fertility. This causes interest in the factors responsible for the strengthening or weakening of the connection between religiosity and fertility. Based on data from three waves of the European Values Study (1999, 2008, 2018) in 39 countries, this study analyzes the role of the social context and religious socialization in explaining the specifics of the relationship between religiosity and childbearing for Russia and other postSoviet countries with the dominance of the Orthodox population in comparison with other regions of Europe. The results of a multilevel regression analysis show that the level of primary religious socialization (regular attendance at religious services at the age of 12 years old) and a supportive religious context (the average level of religiosity in the country) increase the connection between individual religiosity and the number of children. This explains the weak relationship between religiosity and fertility in postSoviet countries with the dominance of the Orthodox population. Western European countries, which today are considered the center of secularization processes, still have significant “foci” of the institutional influence of religion on fertility, associated with family and educational institutions. Eastern European and postSoviet countries, despite the observed process of the “religious revival” in the 1990s and 2000s, did not form developed institutions of religious socialization responsible for family life style. This is reflected in demographic models of connection between religiosity and fertility.},
  author = {Prutskova, E. V. and Pavlyutkin, I. V. and Borisova, O. N.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.14515/monitoring.2023.2.2359},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 174,
  pages = {103-126},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Связь религиозности и рождаемости в Рос сии на фоне других европейских стран: эффект социального контекста (Religiosity and Fertility in Russia and Other European Countries: The Effect of Social Context)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2023.2.2359},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2023
}

@article{rock2025econometric,
  abstract = {The Easterlin paradox explores the link between subjective well-being (SWB) and income, questioning if a saturation point exists where more income no longer boosts SWB. In the literature, the studies dealing with a saturation point of SWB at the cross-sectional level are ambiguous. The results of this study provide evidence for its existence. The EU-SILC data are used to test for satiation by means of kink regressions and generalized additive models. The unique feature of the EU-SILC dataset is the availability of the annual equalized disposable household income (EDHI) after taxes and deductions, taking into account social transfers. At least for European countries, life satisfaction and happiness, two facets of SWB, show no further increase above 30,000 € net annual income (EDHI) both in 2013 and 2018. Only a few countries have crossed the threshold and reached satiation. This results in different policy approaches. For European countries not at satiation, economic development might be prioritized to close the income gap. For European countries in satiation, priority should be given to looking beyond income growth to further improve SWB.},
  author = {Röck, Simon and Tappeiner, Gottfried and Walde, Janette},
  doi = {10.1002/jae.70013},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {08837252},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Econometrics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study = {SILC 2013-2018},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Econometric Evidence for Satiation of Subjective Well-Being With Income at the Aggregate Level in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.70013},
  year = 2025
}

@article{noije2025steun,
  abstract = {Democracy first, rule of law second Based on a literature review and secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative opinion research we explore how Dutch citizens view and appreciate the Dutch constitutional democracy. Our exploration shows that in general the Dutch attach great value to representative democracy and constitutional principles such as freedom, equality and minority rights. However, more context-specific opinion data indicate that support for the democratic rule of law is less consentient and deep-rooted than general indicators suggest at first glance. Firstly, people differ considerably in the significance and meaning they attach to the abstract values of democracy and the rule of law, which produces very different trade-offs if values clash. Secondly, individual support for equal rights, a pillar of the rule of law, is conditional on personal preferences and majority opinion. Lastly, people do not always appreciate the supervising powers in the trias politica as essential guarantees against the abuse of executive power, but as obstructions to the decisive realization of majority wishes. This paper shows that the popular legitimacy of democratic rule of law, by which grace it exists, cannot be considered a matter of course. We pose the question whether this is primarily explained by people’s convictions or by a limited grasp of the reasons behind rule of law principles. There is a need for the societal debate to better address these causes.},
  author = {Noije, Lonneke van and Ridder, Josje den},
  doi = {10.5553/BenM/138900692025052002003},
  journal = {Beleid en Maatschappij },
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {105-122},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Steun voor de rechtsstaat, zolang hij meewerkt: Rechtsstatelijke cultuur in Nederland vanuit burgerperspectieven},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5553/BenM/138900692025052002003},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2025
}

@article{brechon2024europe,
  abstract = {Can populisms have elective affinities with religions ? One might think so, but the ways in which populism and religion are linked probably vary greatly from country to country and geographical area to geographical area. After identifying the fundamental features of populism and formulating hypotheses on the potential links between populism and religions, the article attempts to operationalize them using the 2017-2020 European Values Study. Several attitudinal scales supposed to measure the central elements of populism are constructed and their links with religiosity studied. Among Christian religions, Protestantism appears to be the least prone to populism, with the exception of evangelical currents. Orthodoxy and Islam, on the other hand, are important vectors. The direct influence of religiosity on populism seems to be explained by the frequent nationalism of religious circles. There is also an indirect effect of religion linked to long history: religions have shaped national values over the centuries, which explains certain differences between national cultures.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.7202/1117553ar},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {17037891},
  journal = {Études internationales},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {155-176},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {En Europe, populismes et christianismes sont-ils liés? (In Europe, are Populism and Christianity Linked?)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7202/1117553ar},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2024
}

@phdthesis{gentili2019three,
  address = {Lugano},
  author = {Gentili, Elena},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Faculty of Economics Università della Svizzera Italiana},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Three essays in labor economics},
  type = {Ph.D.},
  url = {https://doc.rero.ch/record/326758/files/2019ECO003.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@article{blagojevic2025return,
  abstract = {In the introductory part, the author first analyses two basic concepts of the topic: the concept of the return of religion in the social life of Serbia, and the concept of the return of people to religion and the church. Then, in a brief overview, he presents an analysis of the state of people’s connection to religion and the church (Orthodoxy) in Serbia throughout the XX century. The central part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of the data on popular attachment to religion and the church from the late ’80s and early ’90s until the present day. The conclusion summarizes the results of numerous sociological studies and public opinion surveys on religiosity and the connection to religion and church and offers a diagnosis of the state, scope, and limitations of the revival of Orthodoxy in Serbia.},
  author = {Blagojević, Mirko},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {ГЛАСНИК ЕТНОГРАФСКОГ ИНСТИТУТА САНУ},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {83-106},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Return of Orthodoxy in Serbia?},
  url = {https://www.ei.sanu.ac.rs/index.php/gei/article/view/21},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bekes2025cultural,
  abstract = {One may reasonably think that cultural homophily, defined as the tendency to associate with others of similar culture, affects collaboration in multinational teams in general but not in superstar teams of professionals at the top of their industry. The analysis of an exhaustive data set on the passes made by professional European football players in the top five men’s leagues reveals that on the contrary, cultural homophily is persistent, pervasive, and consequential, even in superstar multinational teams of very-high-skill individuals with clear common objectives and aligned incentives who are involved in interactive tasks that are well defined and not particularly culture intensive.},
  author = {Békés, Gábor and Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P.},
  doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2022.01799},
  issn = {1526-5501},
  journal = {Management Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1-20},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Cultural Homophily and Collaboration in Superstar Teams},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01799},
  volume = 71,
  year = 2025
}

@article{siddique2025impact,
  abstract = {This article examines the lasting impact of corruption on individual tax morale by analyzing variations in corruption levels across immigrants’ countries of origin. Using data on first- and second-generation immigrants, the study finds that first-generation immigrants from highly corrupt countries exhibit lower tax morale in their destination countries, whereas this effect disappears for the second generation. This suggests that the influence of corruption persists for up to a generation but does not fully transmit across generations. While local corruption and destination-country institutions broadly shape tax morale, home-country corruption continues to influence the fiscal behavior of first-generation immigrants. The findings indicate that cultural norms, rather than institutional trust, drive this persistence. Even when corruption is eradicated or individuals move to better-governed environments, trust in the fiscal contract does not immediately recover. The study highlights the need for cultural policy interventions to disrupt the cycle of corruption and improve tax compliance.},
  author = {Siddique, Abu Bakkar},
  doi = {10.1093/ser/mwaf079},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {1475-1461},
  journal = {Socio-Economic Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-33},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {How long does the impact of corruption persist? Evidence from self-reported tax morale by multigenerational immigrants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwaf079},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{kusano2024whats,
  abstract = {Cross-cultural researchers often compare mean scores across cultures using subjective Likert scales, but this approach faces several methodological challenges. One alleged challenge is the reference group effect (RGE), which posits that differing normative standards distort cultural comparisons, potentially suppressing or reversing true differences. In this study, we revisit this widely discussed yet under-examined issue and test its premise. Leveraging data from the International Social Survey Programme and the World Values Survey, we examined the relationship between subjective socio-economic status (SES) and its external criterion, national wealth (GDP). According to the RGE, respondents compare themselves to their peers within their cultural norms. This would result in individuals from wealthy countries rating themselves as less affluent and those from developing countries rating themselves as relatively more affluent. Such biased comparisons would suppress true differences, leading to a null correlation between SES and GDP across countries. However, our findings consistently revealed a strong positive correlation: respondents from wealthier countries rated themselves higher, while those from developing countries rated themselves lower. Contrary to the RGE, respondents appear to interpret numerical anchors in a single, universal, and absolute manner—“Upper class” carries the same meaning regardless of varying economic references. This consistent interpretation enables valid cross-cultural differences to emerge. Our findings challenge the validity of the RGE and encourage cross-cultural researchers to interpret observed cultural differences with greater confidence at face value when using Likert scales.},
  author = {Kusano, Kodai and Jami, Waleed},
  doi = {10.31234/osf.io/v25ba},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {PsyArXiv},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {What’s wrong with the reference group effect in cross-cultural research?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v25ba},
  year = 2024
}

@phdthesis{pratt2022pandemic,
  abstract = {From the onset of the Covid-19 Pandemic, global democracies have attempted to contain the disease. With an array of policy options available, some democratic governments employed strict policies characterized by sweeping mandates and curbing of personal autonomy, while others relied more heavily on recommendations and relatively less stringent policies. Beginning with a sample of 21 developed democracies, I conducted a series of OLS regression analyses to determine the influence of governmental and interpersonal trust on the stringency of democracies’ Covid-19 policies. I found a significant negative relationship between levels of interpersonal trust and Covid-19 policy stringency. Governmental trust did not significantly predict Covid-19 policy stringency. These results conflict with extant literature regarding the importance of governmental trust to policy implementation. I reconcile this discrepancy by extending the conversation characterizing the Covid-19 Pandemic as a social dilemma. I contend that democracies deviate from traditional democratic principles during crises and act decisively to combat immediate threats. During the pandemic, this emergency response is applied using the social dilemma framework, explaining the significance of interpersonal trust. This thesis sheds light on democracies’ responses to immediate threats and proposes priorities for democracies to encourage the continuity of democratic values even in times of crisis.},
  address = {Bloomington},
  author = {Pratt, Bryant},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Indiana University},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Pandemic Ponderings: The Effect of Trust on Covid-19 Policy Stringency in Developed Democracies},
  type = {Bachelor's Thesis},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/2022/27917},
  year = 2022
}

@book{hewlett2024shared,
  address = {London},
  author = {Hewlett, K. and Regan, Z. and Wright, J. and Alvarez Campero, S. and Woollen, C. and Hall, S.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {King's College},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Shared social values},
  year = 2024
}

@article{vekovic2025covenantal,
  abstract = {This article explores the challenges and possibilities for fostering covenantal pluralism in Serbia. While there is an obvious need for nurturing and developing covenantal pluralism in both Serbia and across the Western Balkans, I identify three distinct, and yet interconnected, challenges to achieving this goal: the historical context, the current legal framework for religion in Serbia, and the transnational nature of the dominant religious actors in the region. Furthermore, I analyze the peculiarities of the Serbian case through three core dimensions of covenantal pluralism, highlighting the role of foreign influences in the region, and outlining specific political preconditions essential for advancing covenantal pluralism in Serbia.},
  author = {Veković, Marko},
  doi = {10.1080/15570274.2025.2454816},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {15570274},
  journal = {The Review of Faith & International Affairs},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {88-101},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Covenantal Pluralism in Eastern Europe? A Bleak Outlook from Serbia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2025.2454816},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2025
}

@article{loveless2025perceptions,
  abstract = {The notion that national-level income inequality shapes individuals’ traditional political participation choices, based on differences in individuals’ income levels, is weakening. The inclusion of individuals’ perceptions of and attitudes toward inequality has undermined two essential assumptions of this relationship, namely that all individuals can both correctly assess national-level inequality and that they respond to inequality in accordance with their socio-economic group. Using the European Values Surveys (1990–2017) in more than 40 countries, we examine inequality perceptions and political participation, including non-traditional political participation. We find that when individuals’ normative inequality attitudes are introduced, (1) the interactions between individuals’ income levels and changes in national-level income inequality nearly universally disappear. And more importantly, (2) normative attitudes have significant and consistent effects on political participation choices such that negative orientations toward inequality attenuate traditional forms of political participation and motivate a number of non-traditional forms.},
  author = {Loveless, Matthew},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1057/s41269-024-00350-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1741-1416},
  journal = {Acta Politica},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {682–703},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Perceptions are everything: individuals’ normative attitudes toward inequality and political participation in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-024-00350-w},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{lapatinas2021economic,
  address = {Luxembourg},
  author = {Lapatinas, Athanasios and Litina, Anastasia and Zanaj, Skerdilajda},
  institution = {Department of Economics and Management University of Luxembourg},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 16,
  series = {Discussion Paper Economics},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The role of economic complexity on the formation of gender roles},
  year = 2021
}

@book{duque2022valores,
  abstract = {O texto que aqui se apresenta é resultado do estudo continuado das diferentes vagas do European Values Survey, particularmente, no que se refere à análise da dimensão religiosa. Já se tinha analisado e publicado sobre as duas vagas anteriores, a de 1990 e de 2008 e, agora que saíram os dados referentes a 2020, decidimos analisar este respetivo ano, ao qual se fica a dever esta publicação. Se a principal razão desta publicação é perceber a forma como os portugueses se posicionam em relação à dimensão religiosa, este breve estudo pode considerar-se como que uma radiografia da sua religiosidade, na medida em que se discorre sobre a autoidentificação religiosa, a pertença a uma religião, a matriz religiosa dominante, a assistência aos serviços religiosos e a sua dimensão valorativa, crencial e institucional. Neste sentido, estas páginas podem considerar-se uma tentativa de método e uma tentativa de sistematização. Uma tentativa de método porque medirmos a dimensão religiosa de um povo a partir de um inquérito é sempre uma abordagem muito pobre, dado que, por um lado, as perguntas de um inquérito são sempre insuficientes para o tratamento de uma questão dentro da perspetiva da totalidade do real, por outro lado, não podemos esquecer que as respostas às questões dos inquéritos podem ter sido dadas por uma certa “desejabilidade social”. Neste sentido, o método a que aqui recorremos não é pior ou melhor do que outros métodos, mas sim um método analítico derivado da diversidade de perspetiva científica. Por outro lado, este texto é também uma tentativa de sistematização, na medida em que não nos parecia honesto deixar ao leitor a ideia de que a dimensão religiosa se reduz à apresentação das frequências de determinadas variáveis ou à correlação entre alguns indicadores. Tal apresentação reduziria o tema à sua funcionalidade imediata, sem buscar as últimas razões ou causas, sem procurar a compreensão do fenómeno na sua possível totalidade. É por isso que, sempre que possível, procuramos analisar o fenómeno em estudo com o recurso, por um lado, a modelos conceptuais que permitam a recategorização dos indicadores (como é o caso da interpretação da prática religiosa) e, por outro lado, à elaboração de medidas agregadas ou à construção de índices sintéticos.},
  address = {Porto},
  author = {Duque, Eduardo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Edições Afrontamento},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Valores e Religiosidade em Portugal: Comportamentos e atitudes geracionais},
  url = {https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/78955/1/Valores%20e%20Religiosidade.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{elouaourti2025bridging,
  abstract = {African women researchers represent a minority within Africa's scientific community, accounting for 29.3% - a figure significantly lower than in other regions: 39% in Europe, 41% in Asia, 43% in South America, and 44% in North America. Moreover, this low participation rate masks intra-African disparities, with some Sub-Saharan African countries exhibiting particularly low percentages, such as Chad (3.35%), Guinea (9.81%) and Togo (11.47%), reflecting significant gender imbalances (UNESCO). This study examines the participation of African women in scientific publications, focusing on differences between social sciences and exact sciences, as well as regional disparities between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to identify key challenges and propose actions to enhance the presence of African women researchers in high-impact journals. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study analyses a micro-level database of African publications from 2010 (30,455 articles) and 2022 (137,566 articles) retrieved from Web of Science (WoS) indexed journals. Additionally, qualitative insights are drawn from interviews with African women researchers. The quantitative analysis reveals a modest increase in female authorship from 29% in 2010 to 32% in 2022, aligning with UNESCO's statistics (2022). While progress has been observed, disparities persist across scientific disciplines. Notably, female participation in exact sciences has grown significantly, with Engineering and Technology rising from 16% to 21%, Physical Sciences from 19% to 23%, and Life Sciences and Biomedicine from 29% to 35%. In contrast, gains in social sciences were more modest, with Arts and Humanities remaining stable at 28% and Social Sciences increasing slightly from 26% to 28%. Regional variations are also evident, with South Africa and Egypt leading in contributions. Qualitative interviews highlight barriers such as gender bias, financial constraints, and limited institutional support, which continue to hinder women's academic progression. This study is the first to conduct a granular article-level analysis of African women's participation in WoS-indexed journals, employing innovative methods to infer author gender and utilising text mining techniques for qualitative analysis. Its findings provide critical insights for policymakers and academic institutions striving to promote gender equity in African research.},
  author = {Elouaourti, Zakaria and Elouardighi, Imane and Ibourk, Aomar},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1002/leap.2007},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {1741-4857},
  journal = {Learned Publishing},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-29},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Bridging the Gender Gap in African Scientific Publishing: Insights From Web of Science Indexed Journals},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.2007},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{damaraju2021economic,
  abstract = {Cross-national surveys have pointed out that environmental concern has been decreasing across the globe over time due to a focus on economic growth. While cultural and socio- demographic factors determine the degree of a lack of environmental concern, preference measures namely risk, patience, positive reciprocity, negative reciprocity, altruism and trust have found to be determinants as well. This thesis explores which of these core economic preferences drive environmental concern at a regional level by using variables from the Global Preferences Survey and the Joint 2017 wave of the European Value Survey and World Values Survey. Negative reciprocity is found to be significant. This paper contributes three elements to the literature: how preference measures have an impact on pro-environmental concern at the regional level, negative reciprocity being a significant measure for environmental concern and a regional key that connects two different cross - country surveys.},
  address = {Lund},
  author = {Damaraju, Meera},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Lund University, Department of Economics},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Economic growth or the environment: A cross-country study on the foundations of pro-environmental preferences},
  url = {http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9056872},
  year = 2021
}

@article{lindblad2025towards,
  abstract = {Sweden is, according to the World Values Survey, one of the world’s most secularised and modernised countries. In this changing society, the Church of Sweden, until 2000 a part of the State, is responsible for 3,400 well-kept historic church buildings and cemeteries. However, the Church loses more than 80,000 members every year and the active churchgoers as well as the economy is in decline, causing redundant and closed churches. This development is comparable with other countries in Europe, though the Swedish ecclesiastical heritage still enjoys strong legal protection and receives a large annual financial compensation from the State for its conservation.The article shows that the legal and financial framework governing the ecclesiastical heritage is based on a partly outdated expert-oriented and material-based conservation approach with origins in an even older nineteenth-century antiquarian discourse. Instead of supporting the revitalisation of many redundant churches as societal resources, the system encourages well-maintained churches without living use: “zombie-churches”. It is relevant to ask how many of these historic churches can remain accessible to the public in the future? To keep the churches open, can extended or new secular uses, benefitting local communities, be developed and promoted?To achieve desired progress towards a holistic, dynamic and inclusive ecclesiastical heritage, several measures are proposed. My recommendations include identification and synchronisation of heritage discourses in cultural heritage practices and policies, reviewing and updating of the antiquarian system, and strengthening of professional competences in adapted reuse of historic churches as catalysts for sustainable development.},
  author = {Lindblad, Henrik},
  doi = {10.15847/cct.38003},
  issn = {21823030},
  journal = {Cidades. Comunidades e Territórios},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {19-29},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Towards a sustainable future for ecclesiastical heritage},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15847/cct.38003},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{lunghi2025lavoro,
  address = {Milan},
  author = {Lunghi, Carla and Rovati, Giancarlo},
  booktitle = {Sprigiona il valore! Made in Carcere e la rivoluzione del Benessere Interno Lordo},
  editor = {Ferrara, M. and Donne, L. Delle},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {45-72},
  publisher = {Franco Angeli},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Lavoro e benessere in carcere: un connubio possible? I risultati di un'indagine pilota nelle carceri di Lecce, Taranto, Trani},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{krivoshchekov2021autonomous,
  abstract = {According to the Self-Determination Theory, the social context — the actions of those around us — promotes or hinders the autonomy need satisfaction. The latter, in turn, improves the attitudes toward the people around. Most of the studies that have demonstrated this relationship have been conducted in the proximal social context (family, school, organizations). At the same time, few studies examined the role of the distal social context (culture, political system, economic structure of society). We aimed to examine the relationship between the political regime, autonomy need satisfaction, and trust in political institutions. To examine the link, we used data from two waves of the European Values Study (2008, 2017). The results revealed that the political regime (as estimated by Freedom House Index) was positively associated with one’s reported autonomy need satisfaction. However, the former was not related to the trust in political institutions. In addition, autonomy need satisfaction was positively associated with political trust in the police, the justice system, parliament, government, and political parties. However, the severity of this link, in some cases, varied between the regimes: it was more pronounced in more democratic countries than in less democratic ones.},
  author = {Krivoshchekov, Vladislav and Gulevich, Olga},
  doi = {10.31234/osf.io/ghrwe},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  institution = {PsyArXiv},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {en-us},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Do Autonomous People Tend to Trust Political Institutions More? Multi-level Evidence from European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ghrwe},
  year = 2021
}

@article{schafer2025groups,
  abstract = {According to the cleavage literature, there is a cultural conflict in Europe where libertarian-cosmopolitan positions oppose traditionalist-communitarian ones. Empirically, however, it remains unclear how individuals position themselves across issues of environmentalism, gender, sexual diversity, immigration and the European Union and how these positions are linked. This article explores what multidimensional attitudinal configurations exist in Europe, how they are rooted in social structure and linked to party identification. Using data from 21 countries in the European Values Study 2017, I first conduct latent profile analysis on individual attitudinal data, followed by regression analysis to assess the resulting profiles’ socio-structural and political underpinnings. Although ambivalent and multidimensional attitudes dominate, results show a divide of sexual diversity attitudes. The attitudinal groups are stratified along occupation, education and the political spectrum. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of cultural attitudes in Europe and cast doubt on the assumption of a polarized cultural conflict.},
  author = {Schäfer, Ines},
  doi = {10.1177/14789299241311760},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1478-9302},
  journal = {Political Studies Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {841-859},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Groups of Individual Attitudes Towards Cultural Issues in Europe: A Unidimensional Conflict?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/14789299241311760},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2025
}

@book{joyce2024digitalnative,
  abstract = {This book investigates the strategies used by South American digital-native news media in attracting diverse audiences, and their effectiveness, from an audience perspective, in bridging communities and building consensus. In recent years, independent digital news outlets have emerged in a landscape of increasing ideological polarization. The book addresses the pivotal question of whether these organizations can help promote social cohesion and overcome a divided and fragmented market. Drawing from extensive interviews conducted with audience members, journalists, and media executives from the established news markets of Argentina, Brazil and Colombia, de Macedo Higgins Joyce sheds new theoretical insights on the strategies and practice of independent digital news, its evolution, and its agenda-setting impact in the region. Innovative and rigorous, Digital-Natives News in South America deftly explores this new and important field of research and will be of interest to journalism researchers and media practitioners alike.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Joyce, Vanessa de Macedo Higgins},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-49503-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505  v1.1.0},
  isbn = {978-3-031-49503-8},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Digital-Native News in South America: Building Bridges with Diverse Audiences in Argentina, Brazil and Colombia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49503-8},
  year = 2024
}

@phdthesis{witschge2022education,
  abstract = {In addition to increasing cognitive skills and preparing students for the labor market, one of the core tasks of education is to prepare citizens for participation in democracy. Considering the ideal of democratic equality, it is important to know the degree to which civic outcomes of education are distributed equally. Although there is substantial evidence that features of education and civic and political engagement are related, the impact of the education system has been understudied in this context. In this dissertation it is examined whether a relationship exists between features of the education system and (inequality of) civic and political engagement. Two features of the education system are examined that have been found to be associated with differential outcomes of education: 1. curricular tracking and 2. standardization. Various types of civic and political engagement are observed, such as civic knowledge, interest in politics, and the intention to vote. The findings indicate that the education system matters for the distribution of civic and political engagement. The results also demonstrate that the relation between tracking and civic and political engagement is mediated by students’ literacy, students’ academic self-efficacy (micro-mechanisms), and enrollment rates in higher education (macro-mechanism).},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Witschge, Jacqueline},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Amsterdam},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Education systems and inequality of civic and political engagement},
  type = {P.h.D Thesis},
  year = 2022
}

@phdthesis{roex2018anomie,
  abstract = {This project builds on Durkheim’s sociological tradition to identify factors external to the individual that contribute to suicide rates. The theories central to this work imply that marketization plays a key role. Marketization here means economic deregulation policies and the overall “rescripting” of citizens as “consumers” (Monahan 2008). The main question of this project was: How is suicide influenced by unemployment, and how does this influence depend on the societal context of (increasing) marketization? Do dominant institutions only restrict suicidality, or can they also increase it?  The project consisted of two parts. The first, based on the diffusion and industrial relations literatures, examined the cross-national diffusion of marketization processes. The second examined the impact on suicide rates of these processes and the extent to which people attempt to resist them. This part of the project derives from Durkheim’s (1897) classical integration theory and institutional anomie theory (Messner \& Rosenfeld 1994). Popular resistance against marketization was shown to have an important protective impact on the population and unemployed men in particular.},
  address = {Köln},
  author = {Roex, Karlijn Liselore Anne},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Universität zu Köln},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Anomie, Shame, and Resistance. The Impact of the Economy on Suicide},
  type = {P.h.D Thesis},
  year = 2018
}

@article{sani2024three,
  abstract = {Previous research has shown that Italian women with family responsibilities are considerably less likely to participate in the labor market compared to men. However, most studies have focused on the native population, disregarding whether in the Italian context women with an immigrant background face the same or worse difficulties in reconciling work and family. This is a relevant question, as migrant and native women may have different preferences and motivations regarding paid work, but they share the same local constraints in terms of welfare and family policies and thus face similar structural barriers to work-family reconciliation. This article uses data from two nationally representative surveys conducted in Italy to investigate: a) whether «family penalties» in labor market participation exist among migrants in Italy; b) if and how much they differ from those of natives; and c) whether these penalties can be explained by differences in attitudes towards labor market participation in the country of origin. For the purposes of this work, we rely on data from two surveys collected by the Italian Institute of Statistics: the SCIF survey «Social conditions and integration of foreign citizens» (ISTAT 2011-2012) and the AVQ survey «Multipurpose survey – Aspects of daily life» (ISTAT 2013). Our results not only confirm that being in a partnership and having young children dampens LFP among all women, but also that such associations are stronger among immigrant women than among natives. In other words, for immigrant women work-family reconciliation is more difficult to achieve compared to Italian natives, thus confirming the idea of a triple disadvantage in LFP for migrant women. Further, we find that women who come from countries with lower levels of support toward maternal employment also have lower levels of labor force participation.},
  author = {Sani, Giulia M. Dotti and Molteni, Francesco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1425/114659},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {0392-9701},
  journal = {Stato e mercato },
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 131,
  pages = {197-224},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Three times disadvantaged? Labor market participation among migrant mothers in Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1425/114659},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2024
}

@article{puklavec2025exploring,
  abstract = {Tax morale, commonly measured as a moral evaluation of cheating on taxes, is important for shaping policy to increase voluntary compliance. Although tax morale is commonly understood as citizens' moral responsibility to pay taxes, there is a dearth of empirical research on whether and how differences in basic morality shape tax morale. Three studies investigated associations between moral ideals, as defined by Moral Foundations Theory, and tax morale. Study 1 (N = 103,474; 57 countries) examined how national differences in moral foundations predict individuals' tax morale. Study 2 (N = 1019) and Study 3 (N = 1001) focused on individual-level differences. All studies employed multiverse analyses, iterating through multiple combinations of control variables. Despite the apparent semantic similarities between morality and tax morale, consistent empirical connections emerged only with respect to individualising foundations, in particular, fairness. Findings provide first evidence for the role of morality in tax morale, while contributing to a better understanding of why people pay taxes.},
  author = {Puklavec, Žiga and Stavrova, Olga and Kogler, Christoph and Zeelenberg, Marcel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.1002/casp.70042},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1099-1298},
  journal = {Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Exploring the Morality of Tax Morale},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.70042},
  volume = 35,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{vinken2024individualization,
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Vinken, Henk and Ester, Peter and Dirven, Henk-Jan},
  booktitle = {The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America},
  editor = {Halman, Loek and Ester, Peter and Moor, Ruud de},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460},
  isbn = {9789004665668},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {183-196},
  publisher = {Tilburg University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990},
  title = {Individualization of the life course and cultural divergence between age groups},
  year = 2024
}

@mastersthesis{vainikka2023effects,
  abstract = {This study examines the relationship between wealth and environmental contributions at individual and country levels by using survey data from EVS, WVS and ISSP and panel data from OECD. For the analysis I use correlation tests, and in the case of panel data, pooled OLS regression and two-way fixed effects regression, and with survey data I use OLS regression and generalized ordered logit model. The aim of this study is to clarify if wealthier countries or individuals contribute more to environment than countries and individuals with lower wealth. Environmental contributions at country level are measured as environmental policy stringency, environmental protection expenditure and environmentally related tax revenues. At individual level environmental contributions are measured as willingness to pay for environmental protection. At country level a positive relationship between wealth and environmental contributions is found, but in individual level the relationship is weak. Also relationship between national wealth and individual willingness to pay is minor. On average individuals willingness to pay for environmental protection stayed standard regardless of wealth, but some differences in averages can be seen comparing the results of different surveys. Results suggests that in wealthier countries the environmental policy is more strict and environmental protection expenditure can be expect to be higher than in lower GDP per capita level countries. The relationship between wealth and environmentally related tax revenues differs from other two variables, because tax base for environmentally related taxes change whit economic development. Previous literature offers inconclusive findings and comprehensive theoretical framework is difficult to form. One of the biggest challenges of this study is the sparseness of suitable and comparable data and thus, results have to be interpreted with caution.},
  address = {Helsinki},
  author = {Vainikka, Assi},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Helsinki},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Effects of wealth on environmental contributions},
  url = {https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/bb594bf4-0e6c-4645-b0e6-32a276d6ebf5/content},
  year = 2023
}

@article{sng2024ecology,
  abstract = {How does living in an environment with many or few family relatives shape our psychology? Here, we draw upon ideas from behavioral ecology to explore the psychological effects of ecological relatedness—the prevalence of family relatives in one’s environment. We present six studies, both correlational and experimental, that examine this. In general, people and populations that live in ecologies with more family relatives (Studies 1–4b), or who imagine themselves to be living in such ecologies (Studies 2/3a/3b/4b), engage in more extreme pro-group behavior (e.g., being willing to go to war for their country), hold more interdependent self-concepts, are more punishing of antisocial behaviors (e.g., support the death penalty for murder), identify themselves as more connected to and trust nearby groups (e.g., their community and neighbors) but less so distant groups (e.g., foreigners, the world), and also judge sibling incest as more morally wrong. These effects are examined across three countries (the United States, Ghana, the Philippines) and are robust to a range of controls and alternative explanations (e.g., ingroup preferences, familiarity effects, kinship intensity). The current work highlights the psychological effects of an underexamined dimension of our social ecology, provides a set of methods for studying it, and holds implications for understanding the ecological origins of a range of social behaviors and cultural differences.},
  author = {Sng, Oliver and Choi, Minyoung and Ackerman, Joshua M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1037/pspa0000428},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1939-1315},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1243–1270},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The ecology of relatedness: How living around family (or not) matters},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000428},
  volume = 128,
  year = 2025
}

@article{zuro2024exploring,
  abstract = {This paper presents research on some aspects of youth religiosity among Catholic Confirmation candidates in the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Split–Makarska, Croatia, as part of a broader 2020 study aimed at assessing confirmands’ satisfaction with Confirmation preparation. However, this paper specifically focuses on selected variables related to youth religiosity. Conducted on a sample of 473 confirmands using a non-probabilistic sampling method, this study employed a survey to measure some aspects of personal and actual religiosity, including indicators such as religious self-identification, the importance of faith, the frequency of Mass attendance, and the frequency of personal and family prayer. Findings reveal that confirmands with a strong religious self-identification are more engaged in religious practices, with frequent Mass attendance and the practice of both personal and family prayer. Sociodemographic variables, including gender and parental education, did not show a significant effect on these aspects of youth religiosity, while settlement size correlated with religious self-identification and the frequency of Mass attendance. Confirmands from smaller, but not from the smallest settlements, demonstrated higher religiosity, consistent with modernization theory, which suggests that urban settings may encourage secularization trends. These findings highlight the importance of pastoral strategies that support both communal and personalized expressions of faith, emphasizing the need for further research to understand evolving patterns of youth religiosity within the Croatian context.},
  author = {Žuro, Doris and Garmaz, Jadranka and Stanić, Sanja},
  doi = {10.3390/rel15121533},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {2077-1444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Exploring Youth Religiosity: Research Among Catholic Confirmands in the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Split–Makarska (Croatia)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121533},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{kajta2024political,
  abstract = {The political participation and political views of young people have been the subject of debate in political, media, and academic circles for many years. This debate reflects opinions that are somewhat contradictory. On the one hand, research suggests that young people’s engagement at the traditional level—voting in parliamentary elections and participation in political parties—has declined in many countries (Henn & Weinstein, 2006; Pazderski, 2018; Szafraniec et al., 2017). This decline is explained in part by generational factors (youth as a period in which views are formed), political circumstances (neglect of the youth as an important group of voters), and cultural changes, including a “silent revolution” in which young people are embracing post-material values (Côté, 2014; Inglehart, 2018; Messyasz, 2015). On the other hand, there is a growing body of studies on noninstitutional forms of political participation by young people, including volunteering, new protest movements, online activism, and lifestyle politics, such as boycotting products for political reasons (Cammaerts et al., 2015; Giugni & Grasso, 2021; Hurrelmann & Albrecht, 2021). In this context, it is argued that a broader understanding of political participation should be considered, including new channels of mobilization (e.g., online engagement), and diversification of agencies, repertoires of actions, and targets whom participants seek to influence (Côté, 2014; Norris, 2002).},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Kajta, Justyna and Mrozowicki, Adam},
  booktitle = {Growing Up in Times of Crisis: Political Socialization of Youth in the Global East},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-58626-2_6},
  editor = {Harring, Marius},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-3-031-58626-2},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {93-109},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Political Engagement and Political Views of Young People in Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58626-2_6},
  year = 2024
}

@article{todorov2025conditions,
  abstract = {The political left in Bulgaria experienced a deep crisis over the last eight years having lost mostly eighty percent of its electorate. The main left-wing party operated an ideological shift to a kind of left nationalism and conservative socialism, trying to recover its support. On the other side there are numerous NGOs, initiatives, media platforms and even think-tanks, small in size, scattered everywhere, which identify themselves as center-left, socially sensitive, feminist, anti-racist even anti-capitalist. Their ideologies seem to be close to the progressive European left. But often they work separately and quite are reserved towards the political left. The article explores the conditions, the opportunities, and the obstacles for a possible reconstruction of an influential and progressive left political actor in Bulgaria.},
  author = {Todorov, Antony},
  doi = {10.62229/sprps25-1/5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-27},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Conditions for the (Re)construction of Progressive Left in Bulgaria},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.62229/sprps25-1/5},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2025
}

@article{campbell2025gender,
  author = {Campbell, Rosie and Cowper-Coles, Minna},
  doi = {10.1332/25151088Y2025D000000093},
  issn = {25151088},
  journal = {European Journal of Politics and Gender},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {From a gap to a gulf? Gen Z and the gender gap in political attitudes in post-industrial societies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1332/25151088Y2025D000000093},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{francois2025contact,
  abstract = {This chapter examines how age influences the contact effect in shaping tolerance toward immigrants, using French data from the 2017 European Values Survey. While contact theory posits that frequent interactions with immigrants generally increase tolerance, the findings reveal a nuanced relationship. A higher share of immigrants in a district correlates with greater tolerance, but this effect diminishes for young immigrants (15–24 years), often leading to lower tolerance. Interestingly, respondents’ age does not significantly affect their reaction to immigrant proportions. These results challenge utilitarian perspectives, suggesting that hostility toward young immigrants is rooted in personal experiences rather than economic logic.},
  address = {London},
  author = {François, Abel and Magni-Berton, Raul and Sawadogo, Rayangnewendé Frans},
  booktitle = {Intergroup Contact, Friendships and Prejudice Reduction in Multiethnic Schools and Communities: Sociological, Psychological and Pedagogical Research and Theory},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003465317},
  editor = {Bergamaschi, Alessandro and Pica, Cinzia},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9781003465317},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {33-51},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Is the Contact Effect Related to Age? An Empirical Investigation of French Multilevel Data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003465317},
  year = 2025
}

@article{ponarin2025effect,
  abstract = {Previous research has often demonstrated that liberal values and democratic regimes are associated with higher levels of subjective well-being (SWB). However, consistent results are only found at the country level, while at the individual level the relationship between values, democracy, and SWB is not as clear. This article analyzes recent data from 86 countries and shows that individual SWB depends on whether one’s values match the country’s predominant values and political system. In authoritarian countries, those with more conservative values tend to exhibit higher levels of SWB, reaching a level of happiness comparable to that of an average person in a typical democracy. Conversely, their liberal-minded compatriots often report significantly lower levels of SWB. In democracies, people with more liberal values tend to have higher SWB than do conservatives, although this difference is not as robust as in autocracies. This study emphasizes the importance of political context in the relationship between liberal values and SWB.},
  author = {Ponarin, Eduard and Afanasyeva, Yulia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-024-00841-9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1573-7780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 9,
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {The Effect of Political Regime on the Association of Values with Subjective Well-Being},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00841-9},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2025
}

@article{hannikainen2024legal,
  abstract = {In recent decades, many jurisdictions have moved toward legalizing euthanasia and assisted suicide, alongside a near-universal increase in public acceptance of medical aid in dying. Here, we draw on a comprehensive quantitative review of current laws on assisted dying, experimental survey evidence, and four decades of time-series data to explore the relationship between these legislative transitions and change in moral attitudes. Our analyses reveal that existing laws on medical aid in dying impose a common set of eligibility restrictions, based on the patient’s age, decision-making capacity, prognosis, and the nature of their illness. Fulfillment of these eligibility criteria elevates public moral approval of physician-assisted death, equally in countries with (i.e., Spain) and without (i.e., the United Kingdom) assisted dying laws. Finally, historical records of public attitudes toward euthanasia across numerous countries uncovered anticipatory growth in moral approval leading up to legalization, but no accelerated growth thereafter. Taken together, our findings suggest that the enactment of medical aid in dying laws, and their specific provisions, crystallize patterns in moral intuition.},
  author = {Hannikainen, Ivar R. and Suárez, Jorge and Espericueta, Luis and Menéndez-Ferreras, Maite and Rodríguez-Arias, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.2406823121},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 42,
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {EVS1980-2017},
  title = {Legal provisions on medical aid in dying encode moral intuition},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2406823121},
  volume = 121,
  year = 2024
}

@article{jha2025racist,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the effects of racist behaviors and attitudes on economic growth. Using survey responses from the World Values Survey (WVS), we create an indicator of racist behaviors and find this indicator to be significantly and negatively associated with economic growth across countries. The association is robust to the inclusion of several geographic, institutional, and economic controls. Next, we create an indicator of racist attitudes using responses from the European Values Survey at the regional level. We find that racist attitudes are negatively associated with growth across subnational regions even after controlling for country fixed effects to eliminate concerns that the association is driven by the omission of country-specific fixed factors. We posit that lack of trust is driving the association between racist behaviors and economic growth. In support of our mechanism, in an individual-level analysis using the WVS data, we show that respondents who have witnessed racist behaviors in their neighborhood are less likely to agree with the statement that “most people can be trusted.”},
  author = {Jha, Chandan Kumar and Joshi, Swarup and Kabiraj, Sujana},
  doi = {10.1007/s11127-025-01263-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {15737101},
  journal = {Public Choice},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {355–379},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Do racist attitudes and behaviors impede economic growth? Cross-national and regional evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-025-01263-8},
  volume = 204,
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{vigna2024search,
  abstract = {This thesis seeks to understand the structural causes of two of today’s major political challenges, namely the success of radical right populist parties in many Western countries and the opposition of certain groups to environmental policies. It tests the hypothesis, widespread in the literature, that these developments stem from growing political discontent among certain groups and in certain places. It analyses political grievances through the lens of social and spatial stratification, using data from the International Social Survey Programme, the European Social Survey and the European Values Survey. The results show that, while workers see themselves as having a lower subjective social status than the middle and upper-middle classes, this difference has remained stable over the last decades. Similarly, spatial hierarchies within countries do contribute to shaping citizens' subjective status, but these differences do not seem to have increased in the European countries studied. Moreover, the urban-rural divide in political satisfaction is comparatively small and stable over time in many European countries. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of both social and spatial stratification in shaping citizens’ political attitudes, as in the case of support for environmental policies. However, they also challenge the hypothesis of growing resentment in working-class or peripheral communities.},
  address = {Lausanne},
  author = {Vigna, Nathalie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA7650},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Université de Lausanne, Faculté des sciences sociales et politiques},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2020},
  title = {In search of discontent. Spatial and social stratification of political grievances in Europe},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_2E7D4E40FB146?siteLang=fr},
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{dahlberg2021quality,
  abstract = {In the QoG Basic CS dataset, data from and around 2017 is included. Data from 2017 is prioritized, however, if no data is available for a country for 2017, data for 2018 is included. If no data exists for 2018, data for 2016 is included, and so on up to a maximum of +/- 3 years.In the QoG Basic TS dataset, data from 1946 to 2020 is included and the unit of analysis is country-year (e.g., Sweden-1946, Sweden-1947, etc.).In the codebook, you can find a description of all data sources and variables. We provide a list of the variables categorized into nineteen thematic topics. Detailed descriptions of all variables are sorted by original data sources. We hope that this will facilitate your search for variables.},
  address = {Rochester},
  author = {Dahlberg, Stefan and Sundström, Aksel and Holmberg, Sören and Rothstein, Bo and Alvarado Pachon, Natalia and Dalli, Cem Mert},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {Social Science Research Network},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 3786288,
  series = {SSRN Scholarly Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Quality of Government Basic Dataset},
  url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3786288},
  year = 2021
}

@article{akulenok2023akulenok,
  abstract = {In the article, on the example of countries and regions of foreign Europe, the relationship between social capital and socio-economic development is considered. An assessment of social capital and its components (as intangible factors of development) for regions and countries of foreign Europe is given on the basis of primary sociological data from a study of values in Europe. Civic activity, intolerance, features of trust were studied. Geographical patterns of development of social capital are briefly lighted. The relationship between social capital of communities and social-economic development indicators at the level of regions and European countries has been studied. Regularities are revealed between geographical differences in social capital and differences in economic development, the quality of institutions and innovativeness across regions and countries of Europe. Bridging social capital has a positive effect on economic development, it improves the functioning of institutions and prevents the development of opportunism, it is common in economically developed regions and European countries. Innovative activity is most common in regions and countries with a predominance of bridging social capital. In the regions of Europe with the prevailing bonding social capital, the disunity of social groups and closed trust, crisis phenomena are more acutely felt.},
  author = {Akulenok, Stepan Valentinovich},
  doi = {10.5922/1994-5280-2023-1-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Региональные исследования},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {86-97},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Акулёнок С.В. Социальный капитал в зарубежной Европе: территориальная дифференциация и влияние на социально-экономическое развитие регионов и стран (Akulenok S.V. Social capital in foreign Europe: territorial differentiation and impact on socio-economic development of regions and countries)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2023-1-7},
  volume = 79,
  year = 2023
}

@article{alfano2025trust,
  abstract = {Insights into crisis management and trust in public health consequences can be obtained by studying non-pharmaceutical interventions, which have been an important part of the anti-COVID-19 strategy. These restrictions are very difficult to enforce (due to the scale of the policies), making them an interesting setting in which to test how publics with different levels of trust comply with government prescriptions. Using European Social Survey data regarding the spread of COVID-19, as well as the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, this study aims to test the impact of different levels of trust in different institutions on the compliance with NPIs in a sample of European countries. The results show that both interpersonal trust and trust in institutions play a role. The former has a positive effect, while the effect of the latter depends on the type of institution: trust in government and parliament does not affect citizens? behavior, whereas trust in political parties, justice, the police and the healthcare system does have an impact on public behavior.},
  author = {Alfano, Vincenzo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1177/00953997251350988},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 4.0.0},
  issn = {1552-3039},
  journal = {Administration & Society},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {999-1030},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {To Obey or not to Obey? The Role of Trust in Non-pharmaceutical Interventions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00953997251350988},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2025
}

@book{yilmaz2024islamische,
  abstract = {Das Kopftuch ist für manche lediglich ein Stück Stoff, für manche ein Teil der Persönlichkeit und für andere wiederum eine selbstverständliche Pflicht. Doch es fragt sich, welche Bedeutung dem islamischen Kopftuch zugeschrieben wird und welche Auswirkungen es in der Öffentlichkeit hat. In Deutschland wird das Kopftuch mittlerweile überwiegend als islamisches Symbol wahrgenommen. Das Kopftuch ist im Straßenbild schon lange keine Seltenheit mehr. Immer mehr Menschen entscheiden sich – aus verschiedenen Gründen – ein Kopftuch zu tragen. In Deutschland leben ungefähr 5,3 bis 5,6 Millionen Muslime, das macht 6,4 bis 6,7 Prozent der Gesamtbevölkerung aus. Ungefähr 30 Prozent der Musliminnen in Deutschland tragen ein Kopftuch.},
  address = {Cuvillier Verlag},
  author = {Yilmaz, Büsra},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13840},
  edition = {Göttingen},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4799 2.0.0},
  isbn = {9783689520649},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Das islamische Kopftuch im Arbeitsrecht},
  year = 2024
}

@article{kiya2025empirical,
  abstract = {Public debt increased in most developed countries even before COVID-19. One explanation is the theory of “fiscal illusion,” where people favor higher government spending due to misperceptions about the cost of public goods. These misperceptions stem from factors such as revenue complexity and debt financing. Empirical studies often measure fiscal illusion using indices like the Herfindahl index for revenue complexity, examining its relationship with government spending. However, clear evidence remains elusive. While some studies suggest a link between illusion indices and spending, it is uncertain whether fiscal illusion moderates this relationship. Existing research skips the process of how illusion affects peopleʼs preferences. This paper directly investigates fiscal illusion using data on government expenditures and life satisfaction. By analyzing the interaction between expenditure and an illusion index, I examine whether higher index levels amplify the marginal effect of spending on life satisfaction. The findings offer new empirical insights into fiscal illusion. Keywords: fiscal illusion, government expenditure, social expenditure, preference, life satisfaction.},
  author = {Kiya, Kohei},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.11167/jbef.17.S34},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Journal of Behavioral Economics and Finance,},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {Special_issue},
  pages = {34-38},
  study-id = {EVS1981‒2017},
  title = {An Empirical Analysis of Fiscal Illusion Using Subjective Well-being Data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11167/jbef.17.S34},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2025
}

@article{ilkkaracan2025gender,
  abstract = {This article analyzes the role of women's engagement in paid versus unpaid work in determining gender and intra-gender polarization in political ideology. Modern gender gaps in political ideology, where women place to the left of men, have replaced traditional gaps in Western democracies since the 1990s. Southern Europe, with low rates of women's labor force participation, lagged behind this transformation. This study examines the case of Spain for 1993–2019, to explore the long-run evolution of political ideology at the intersection of gender and work status. Homemaking status is a strong driver of conservative political positioning. Instrumenting homemaking status with regional-level labor force participation to alleviate endogeneity issues confirms a causal chain: macro trends in women's labor force participation rate predict the probability of homemaking occupation at the individual level, which in turn impact political ideology. The article argues that intra-gender occupational gaps are crucial in determining contemporary political cleavages.},
  author = {İlkkaracan, İpek and Zuazu, Izaskun},
  doi = {10.1080/13545701.2025.2483830},
  issn = {13545701},
  journal = {Feminist Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-33},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {How Gender and Work Status Shape Political Ideology: Evidence from Homemakers in Spain},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2025.2483830},
  year = 2025
}

@article{prati2024subjective,
  abstract = {There is a large body of literature on the effect of negative attitudes toward outgroup members on target individuals and groups. However, less attention was devoted to their effects on those who hold these attitudes. The current study hypothesized that there would be a bidirectional relationship between subjective well-being and attitudes toward outgroup members. In Study 1, data from the Integrated Values Surveys, the Ecology-Culture Dataset, and the World Happiness Report 2022 were used. In Study 2, a random intercept cross-lagged panel model was implemented using longitudinal data over a six-year period from the GESIS Panel (n = 6783 people living in Germany). Results of Study 1 demonstrated a significant negative relationship between subjective well-being and negative attitudes toward outgroup members both at the country level (118 countries) and at the individual level (663,965 participants in 120 countries around the world). In Study 2, a random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed significant within-person reciprocal relations between life satisfaction and negative attitudes toward refugees. This study provides evidence for a bidirectional relationship between subjective well-being and negative attitudes toward outgroup members.},
  author = {Prati, Gabriele},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021 ; 10.4232/1.14111},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102055},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0 ; ZA5665 v48.0.0},
  issn = {1873-7552},
  journal = {International Journal of Intercultural Relations},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017 ; GESIS Panel - Standard Edition},
  title = {Subjective well-being and attitudes toward outgroup members},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102055},
  volume = 103,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{muringani2025linking,
  abstract = {Empirical studies have neglected how linking social capital affects economic development. A fixed effects panel data analysis of 190 regions in 21 EU countries covering eight waves from 2002 to 2016 shows that linking social capital has characteristics partly similar to bonding and bridging social capital. However, it also differs by exhibiting an inverted U-shaped relationship with economic development. It also moderates with opposite outcomes, where it reduces the effects of bonding and enhances that of bridging social capital on economic development. The policy implication is that there is a need to find a delicate balance when promoting linking social capital, as too little or too much can lead to undesirable economic outcomes.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Muringani, Jonathan},
  booktitle = {A Research Agenda for Social Capital in Economic Development},
  doi = {10.4337/9781035315826},
  editor = {Akçomak, İbrahim Semih and Peiró-Palomino, Jesús},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {9781035315826},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {200-223},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Linking social capital and economic development: new evidence from European regions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035315826},
  year = 2025
}

@article{fraenkel2025multiethnic,
  abstract = {Multi-ethnic parties have been variously defined: as those which do not champion the interests of, or mobilize against, any specific ethnic group; as those with a recognisably cross-communal leadership or membership; and as those which acquire some distribution of support across groups. This paper argues that cross-community support is the best means to distinguish multi-ethnic parties. The paper draws on a new 132 country dataset cross-tabulating of party affiliation with ethnicity. In highly ethnicized party systems, we frequently encounter one or more than one group whose political leaders champion communal interests through ostensibly multi-ethnic parties that are able to advance a liberal agenda promoting either ‘minority rights’ or the importance of ‘majority rule’. Commentators, including both diplomats and scholars, are often highly critical of overtly ethnic parties but may be more easily deceived by these pseudo multi-ethnic parties. They thereby risk inadvertently taking sides in partisan communal conflicts.},
  author = {Fraenkel, Jon},
  doi = {10.1111/spsr.70010},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {14247755},
  journal = {Swiss Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {What is a Multi‐Ethnic Party and How to Spot a Fake One?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.70010},
  year = 2025
}

@article{agnolin2024search,
  abstract = {We study the implications of post-treatment bias in the context of the globalization backlash. We discuss whether horse-race regressions can inform about the relative role of economic versus cultural drivers. We make three methodological points: (1) if and insofar as cultural variables are post-treatment with respect to economic factors, the estimates of the effect of economic shocks on voting are biased in regressions that include cultural controls (and vice versa); (2) for the same reason, such horse-race regressions do not allow to accurately estimate the relative role of economic versus cultural factors; (3) one cannot infer mediation effects from changes in regression coefficients for a given factor of interest before and after including post-treatment controls. We accompany the methodological discussion with empirical evidence on the relevance of post-treatment bias in studies of the globalization backlash, both by replicating and expanding on earlier studies, and by presenting novel cross-country results on the culture-economy nexus.},
  author = {Agnolin, Paolo and Colantone, Italo and Stanig, Piero},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140241271124},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0},
  issn = {1552-3829},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 8,
  pages = {1603-1635},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {In Search of the Causes of the Globalization Backlash: Methodological Considerations on Post-treatment Bias},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140241271124},
  volume = 58,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{latcheva2023measuring,
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Latcheva, Rossalina},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_4143},
  editor = {Maggino, Filomena},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {9783031172991},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {4252-4264},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Measuring National Identity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_4143},
  year = 2023
}

@article{gerxhani2025gender,
  abstract = {This study investigates gender biases in the evaluation of applicants for assistant professorships in Germany and Italy. Drawing on the justification-suppression model of prejudice expression, we explore whether biases against women are expressed, suppressed, or even reversed in the appointment process, considering the different normative gender climates and gender equality strategies in the two countries. Using harmonized factorial survey experiments with professors of economics, political science, and social sciences, we found that women in Germany have an advantage both in perceived qualification for an assistant professorship and in the propensity to receive an interview invitation. In contrast, women in Italy are neither disadvantaged nor advantaged. We also examine whether gender biases exist when there is ambiguity about applicants' academic performance (co-authorship) and career commitment (parental leave). Our results reveal a co-authorship penalty and a parenthood premium in both countries, with no gender differences observed. Our exploratory country comparison suggests that Germany's proactive gender equality policies may be more effective in reducing the gender gap in assistant professor appointments compared to Italy's gender-neutral approach, by favoring equally qualified female applicants.},
  author = {Gërxhani, Klarita and Kulic, Nevena and Rusconi, Alessandra and Solga, Heike},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103113},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0049-089X},
  journal = {Social Science Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Gender bias in evaluating assistant professorship applicants? Evidence from harmonized survey experiments in Germany and Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103113},
  volume = 126,
  year = 2025
}

@book{huzzey2024evolution,
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Huzzey, Richard and Miller, Henry},
  booktitle = {Petitions and Petitioning in Europe and North America: From the Late Medieval Period to the Present},
  editor = {Huzzey, Richard and Janse, Maartje and Miller, Henry and Oddens, Joris and Waddell, Brodie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811},
  isbn = {9780198930969},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {194-216},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {The Evolution of Petitioning in Europe and North America, 1850-2000},
  url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/petitions-and-petitioning-in-europe-and-north-america-9780197267721?cc=de&lang=en&#},
  year = 2024
}

@article{saroglou2025proenvironmental,
  abstract = {The role of religion and spirituality in pro-environmental commitment in secular societies like the European ones is understudied, and it is unclear whether it is unique, beyond relevant individual differences. In Study 1 (342 adults in Belgium), we measured pro-environmental identity and behavior, collective identities, awe, generativity, authenticity, self-enhancement (power/achievement), openness-intellect, political orientation, religiosity, fundamentalism, and spirituality. Uniquely and additively, awe, left-wing orientation, and low religiosity predicted pro-environmental identity; and generativity, openness-intellect, low self-enhancement, and low religiosity—more importantly than for identity—predicted pro-environmental behavior. Fundamentalism predicted low pro-environmental behavior partly through low awe and high self-enhancement; (non-religious) spirituality predicted the opposite partly through high awe, generativity, and openness-intellect. In Study 2, analyses of EVS 2017 data (N = 53.410, 33 countries) showed that atheists are more pro-environmentalist than religionists, but, across religious-cultural zones, spiritual people outperform religionists and nonbelievers in pro-environmental attitudes, an effect existing beyond those of generativity (care for others, performance orientation), global identity, and political orientation. The two studies converge on that in, mostly secularized, European societies, beyond the role of relevant psychological characteristics, religiosity, not only fundamentalism, seems to undermine pro-environmental engagement, whereas spirituality does the opposite as far as it disconnects from traditional religion.},
  author = {Saroglou, Vassilis and El Marsni, Kenza and Benaicha, Ilhem},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13561 ; 10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102799},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7502 v2.0.0 ; ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  issn = {0272-4944},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Pro-environmental attitudes and behavior: The role of religion and spirituality in secularized Europe beyond relevant individual differences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102799},
  volume = 107,
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{bryan2023citizens,
  abstract = {The 2023 report from the Varieties of Democracy Institute assessed that the state of global democracy had weakened to a level not seen since 1986, and yet scholars of global public opinion continue to find robust support for democracy among the mass public. This dissertation contains three articles that seek to further understand the "demand" side of democracy by further investigating when citizens may de-prioritize democracy in favor of other goals and how they may rationalize those decisions. More specifically, the first article uses spatially located survey data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and protest data from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data to create a “proximity to protest” variable for each survey respondent in eight countries. The findings suggest that citizens who were more proximate to violent protest activity were more likely to prioritize maintaining order and were more comfortable with strongman politics. The second uses data from the WVS and European Values Study to conduct two studies—an observational analysis of 74 countries and a with-in country design that leverages multiple survey waves from 14 countries—and shows that supporting the party in power makes citizens more likely to understand democracy in terms of obeying authority, rather than civil rights for the minority—suggesting that citizens mold their understanding of democracy to fit their partisan self-interest. The third article builds on the second and questions some findings in the existing literature. Using data from World Values Survey, European Values Study, Afrobarometer, Americasbarometer, and Latinobarometer, the article argues that following significant democratic backsliding, meaningful bumps in support for democracy are rare and prior findings were likely driven by biased samples of countries and survey questions that relied on the term "democracy." Overall, the dissertation argues that prior literature was too quick to conceptualize support for democracy as long-term value that does not change over time. Instead, scholars need to conceptualize support for democracy as a complex and layered attitude that can change in response to events in a citizen's neighborhood or a change in their political interest.},
  author = {Bryan, James D.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {American University},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {When Do Citizens Change Their Minds About Democracy?: Three Essays Examining Support for Democracy Among the Mass Public},
  type = {P.h.D Thesis},
  url = {https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/when-do-citizens-change-their-minds-about/docview/2845445731/se-2?accountid=12006},
  year = 2023
}

@article{musni2025changing,
  abstract = {Objective: We examined how education and income impacted the likelihood of single women having a first child at younger (< 35) and later ages (35+). Background: Single women's fertility remains understudied despite its prevalence and increasing relevance in the context of rising (involuntary) childlessness. Meanwhile, some studies have investigated a small but growing number of women who decided to have a child alone, often at later ages, as their fecundity declines. Method: We used Belgian administrative data from 2005 to 2015 to estimate the hazards of first childbirth among single women aged 25–48 (587,390 women), according to their education and income. Further analyses were conducted on single, still-childless women aged 35 and older (165,700 women), as advancing age heightened their risk of permanent childlessness. Results: At younger ages (< 35), high education and income decreased the risk of having a child while single, while at later ages (35+), high education increased it. The income effect at later ages varied by education—higher income raised the risk of single-childbearing only for long-tertiary educated women. Among single women aged 35 and older, those with low education were most likely to remain childless. Conclusion: Socioeconomic disparities shape family-formation pathways throughout the life course. Having a child alone may be a strategy to catch up on delayed fertility, but this option is primarily available to women with high SES.},
  author = {Musni, Denise B and Schnor, Christine},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13841},
  doi = {10.1111/jomf.70006},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v5.0.0},
  issn = {00222445},
  journal = {Journal of Marriage and Family},
  keywords = {2026 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {160-176},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Changing Links Between Socioeconomic Status and Single Women's Entry Into Parenthood},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70006},
  volume = 88,
  year = 2026
}

@article{singh2025elections,
  abstract = {A large literature shows that election outcomes affect satisfaction with democracy by separating voters into winners and losers. Moving beyond victory and defeat, I theorize that elections themselves boost satisfaction due to the psychosocial, representational, and economic utility they provide to citizens. I test my expectations across three separate studies. These leverage survey fieldwork that was interrupted by elections in several countries (Study 1), cross-national panel survey data (Study 2), and a survey experiment (Study 3). The timing of survey interviews in each study helps isolate the impact of elections from that of winning and losing in the sense of a voter?s party entering government. Results together show that elections increase satisfaction with democracy, and an investigation of the theoretical mechanisms suggests that this relationship is driven by the representational and economic benefits of elections.},
  author = {Singh, Shane P.},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140251381758},
  issn = {1552-3829},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-33},
  study = {EVS ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Elections Increase Satisfaction With Democracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140251381758},
  year = 2025
}

@article{geurts2025situating,
  abstract = {Across Western Europe, politicians and media express concerns about whether Muslims feel part of liberal democracies and trust national parliament. Although often assumed, research is actually inconclusive on whether Islamic religiosity hampers such political trust. Current study dives into this complex association by studying over 5000 Muslims across 17 Western European countries. It makes two core contributions. First, instead of comparing Muslims to non-Muslims, we address Muslims in specific to gain understanding in how various religiosity dimensions – mosque attendance, religious identification and praying - relate to trust in national parliament. Second, we theorize and test how exclusionary conditions buffer or aggravate Islamic religiosity's impact on political trust. We theorize how formal boundaries (e.g. restrictive citizenship policies) and informal boundaries (e.g. hostile public attitudes) affect Muslims' political trust and the role of Islamic religiosity herein. After uniquely harmonizing ESS, EVS and WVS data, multilevel analyses show that Islamic religiosity can relate negatively to political trust, yet its importance is gendered and contextualized. For example, Muslim men who more often attend a mosque experience less trust, and more so in exclusionary societies, whereas we find indications that mosque attendance among women stimulates such trust in the least hostile environments. Moreover, Muslims' political trust is in general lower in societies with more hostile public attitudes towards migrants and where political participation is restricted for some. Our study has thus illustrated that Islamic religiosity matters for Muslims' political trust in Western Europe but neither in clear-cut simple ways nor being all explanatory.},
  author = {Geurts, Nella and Spierings, Niels},
  doi = {10.1162/euso_a_00002},
  issn = {1461-6696},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {83–114},
  title = {Situating Muslims' trust in parliament from a cross-national perspective: Islamic religiosity's impact in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/euso_a_00002},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{solomaki2025changing,
  address = {Eugene},
  author = {Solomäki, Hanna},
  booktitle = {Baptism in Times of Change: Exploring New Patterns of Baptismal Theologies and Practices in Nordic Lutheran Churches},
  editor = {Björnsdóttir, Steinunn Arnþrúður and Jørgensen, Jonas Adelin and Evertsson, Magnus and Komulainen, Jyri and Hegstad, Harald},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {62-82},
  publisher = {Wipf and Stock Publishers},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Changing Role of Baptism in Finland: Parents' Attitudes toward Baptism According to a Baptismal Survey},
  year = 2025
}

@article{myftari2025public,
  abstract = {This study examines the discrepancies between experts’ and the public's democratic evaluation and the factors behind the variances in the public's assessment of four democratic dimensions. It argues that, especially during an era of democratic decline, including the general population's views, is crucial. It uses data from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) and the European Social Survey (ESS) to analyse the democratic perception in 34 European countries. It then scrutinises what drivers ordinary people's perception of these democratic dimensions. The study applies the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, correlations, and two-level structural equation modelling. These statistical techniques revealed notable disparities between the two groups’ perceptions and assessments of democratic values and practices. Experts evaluate different democratic dimensions notably higher than the general population does. The variables that influence the evaluation of the public are satisfaction with democracy and government, which are driven by economic satisfaction, while attachment to the country is another important variable. These steady and pervasive differences warrant a more pluralistic democratic assessment and better integration of these two perspectives.},
  author = {Myftari, Juljan},
  doi = {10.1080/23745118.2025.2550750},
  issn = {23745118},
  journal = {European Politics and Society},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The public vs. experts on democracy: perception gaps and the causes of citizens’ evaluations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2025.2550750},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{dalessio2021italians,
  abstract = {The paper shows the opinions on taxes of Italian citizens based on data gathered in four different national surveys between 1992 and 2013. Through a Principal Component Analysis, the study constructs a synthetic indicator of the propensity to evade, examining its intensity across various social groups and its evolution over time. The results show that the propensity to evade taxes is greater among households whose heads have low levels of education and income, are elderly and are resident in the South. Over time, the propensity to evade taxes has been growing on average, especially in the North, which has reduced the gap compared with the South, and among young people under 30 years old. The paper also shows a link between the propensity for tax evasion and some indicators of actual evasion, such as the use of cash and the under-reporting behaviour in the Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) conducted by the Bank of Italy, confirming the association between cultural elements and evasion behaviour.},
  author = {D'Alessio, Giovanni},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3852106},
  institution = {Bank of Italy},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 607,
  pages = 36,
  series = {Bank of Italy Occasional Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {What do Italians think about Tax Evasion?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3852106},
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{pugno2021intrinsic,
  abstract = {Understanding why many people spontaneously perform pro-environmental behaviours, rather than requiring some incentive, is an  active area of research. To solve the puzzle, many studies address people's intrinsic motivation for this kind of behaviour. However, the term "intrinsic" remains unclear, and thus also the solution of the puzzle. We contribute to this research by attaching intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to the pursuit of central goals in people's lives. We take the prominent example of the motivations in looking for a job, and relate these motivations to pro-environmental attitudes and engagements. Using an international sample, we find that intrinsic motivation relates positively and extrinsic motivation relates negatively to a variety of subjective pro-environmental outcomes. This result holds for different sub-samples and for various econometric specifications and methodologies. In particular, two-stage least squares estimation with proper instruments provides evidence of a causal relationship between motivations and pro-environmental outcomes.},
  author = {Pugno, Maurizio and Sarracino, Francesco},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {MPRA},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 107143,
  pages = {1-34},
  series = {Working paper},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation to protect the environment: correlational and causal evidence},
  url = {https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/107143/},
  year = 2021
}

@article{kruithof2025sociale,
  abstract = {Education plays a crucial role in both the reproduction and the potential disruption of intergenerational social inequality. Yet, the question remains how structural changes, such as the massification of education, have influenced social class differences in educational attainment. This study analyses how social educational inequality in Belgium has evolved from the post-war period to the early 21st century, with a focus on the impact of educational expansion. Two central research questions guide the analysis: How have social class differences in educational attainment developed during the educational expansion since World War II, and to what extent can the massification of higher education be attributed to changes in the class structure rather than to increased equal educational opportunities? We analyse a dataset of 20330 respondents divided across four birth cohorts using three different methods. Through visualizations, log-linear analyses, and simulations, we offer deeper insights into the historical and structural developments of educational inequality. The growth of higher education among Belgians born after 1960 can be largely (and increasingly) explained by the rising participation of youth from the middle and dominant classes, combined with their demographic growth within the population. The simulation method used offers a novel approach to quantifying the impact of demographic and structural factors on educational trends.},
  author = {Kruithof, Elias Herman and Verhaeghe, Pieter-Paul},
  doi = {10.38139/ts.93137},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA5400},
  journal = {Tijdschrift Sociologie},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {94-127},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2009},
  title = {Sociale ongelijkheid in het Belgisch onderwijs: Een langetermijnperspectief },
  url = {https://doi.org/10.38139/ts.93137},
  volume = 6,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{brezzi2021updated,
  abstract = {Trust between citizens and their governments is crucial for the legitimacy and functioning of democracies. This paper discusses the main determinants of people’s trust in public institutions and their measurement, in times of crisis as well as for a long-term, strong, inclusive and green recovery. It presents evidence on the great variation in the levels and drivers of trust across public institutions, across levels of government within countries, and among population groups. It also identifies three main trust challenges for public governance that were heightened by the COVID-19 crisis: i) people’s views on the credibility and effectiveness of government action on intergenerational and often global challenges; ii) the changes in political participation and political attitudes; and iii) an increasing distrust of and disengagement from democratic processes. Building on previous OECD work, and taking into account lessons from other crises and handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, the paper introduces a revised and expanded version of the OECD Framework on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions. Furthermore, it discusses how this Framework is applied in the OECD Trust Survey. Both the Framework and the Survey aim to provide governments with actionable evidence to build and maintain people’s trust as the basis for successful planning and policy reforms, allowing democracies to be fitter, stronger and more resilient in the future.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Brezzi, Monica and González, Santiago and Nguyen, David and Prats, Mariana},
  doi = {10.1787/b6c5478c-en},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  institution = {OECD},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 48,
  pages = 61,
  series = {OECD Working Papers on Public Governance},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {An updated OECD framework on drivers of trust in public institutions to meet current and future challenges},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1787/b6c5478c-en},
  year = 2021
}

@phdthesis{almalk2022causal,
  abstract = {Causality is central to economics (Hoover, 2006), for it is the means to predict effects of new interventions and calculate policy counterfactuals (Heckman, 2008). However, in a complex world where “everything depends on everything else” (Valavanis, 1959, as quoted in Hoover, 2004), how does one go about identifying cause and effect? In some applied sciences, Randomized Control Trials provide the gold standard for this purpose (Noble Prize Committee, 2021). The use of experiments offers a satisfactory way since it gives evidence that is both controlled and reproducible (Gower, 2012). However, many questions cannot be addressed by an experiment, either due to financial, ethical or practical constraints (Noble Prize Committee, 2021). Many philosophers viewed the use of statistical methods to be a substitute for experiments, because it allows the extraction of a repeated pattern from a large collection of data (Morgan, 1990). More specifically, it gives scientists a way to deal with plurality of causes in a nonexperimental context (Morgan, 1990). Since the adoption of statistical techniques in economic modeling, it was evident that randomization is not applicable in a similar manner as is the case of controlled experiments, so regression analysis did not essentially provide a causal interpretation (Wold, 1954). To deal with this, a recent breakthrough has been the adoption of the design-based approach that is “aimed at emulating a randomized experiment to answer a causal question using observational data” (Noble Prize Committee, 2021). With the exception of the first chapter, this thesis applies this methodological tool, in particular; exploits a quasi-experimental variation, to answer causal questions on migration and trade. The first chapter examines the effect of religiosity on employment among migrants. The economics literature has recently been more active in examining the effect of religion on different economic outcomes. Religion is found to be an important determinant of individuals’ preferences. In line with some recent work, we deal with the inherent complexity in disentangling religiosity from culture by adopting the epidemiological approach that focuses on migrants. Although an IV strategy, a design-based approach, has been used in the literature to identify the causal effect of religiosity, we decide against its use due to the limitations of IV in this context. We argue that the epidemiological approach along with a rich set of fixed effects that the survey provides allow us to come as close as possible to identifying a causal effect of religiosity on employment. We use one wave of the European Values Study that gives us a sample of 46 European countries in 2008. Our OLS estimates show a negative effect of religiosity on employment. Robustness checks are carried out that confirm the validity of our estimates. We also look into possible mechanisms that could drive this relationship. However, we do not find evidence that any of the potential variables available in our survey can be the channel through which religiosity drives employment. The second chapter, co-authored with Jean-François Maystadt and Maurizio Zanardi, moves into international trade and exploits a natural experiment to better understand the effect of transportation costs on trade. The negative effect of distance on trade is well-established in the literature. However, the debate continues on whether the observed effect is exclusively due to transportation costs or other omitted variables. We take advantage of the blockade that was imposed on the State of Qatar in 2017 to rule out the endogeneity problem and examine how the resulting rise in air transportation costs affected trade. We employ a gravity model estimated using a Poisson pseudomaximum likelihood estimator, and find an air transportation cost elasticity of trade between -0.3 and -0.5. We provide robustness checks to confirm that our results are not driven by potential contaminating factors. The third chapter, co-authored with Jean-François Maystadt and Maria Navarro Paniagua, attempts to get a better understanding of how an exogenous shock affects remittances received by households in Nepal. The blockade on Qatar in 2017 had its share of negative impact on vulnerable migrants. We exploit three waves of a panel dataset on Nepali households between 2016 and 2018. Following the shock, households who had migrants in Qatar experienced a substantial decline in remittances compared to households whose migrants were in different international destinations. We adopt a difference-in-difference approach and control for pre-embargo characteristics to rule out any confounding factors that could bias our estimates. We also show that the decline in remittances is mainly found amongst the poorest households. This result sheds light on the compounded problem of poverty since it is the poor who seem to suffer most and have least resilience in the face of shocks.},
  author = {Al-Malk, Afnan},
  doi = {10.17635/lancaster/thesis/1728},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Lancaster University},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {A Causal Inquiry into the Economics of Migration and Trade},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17635/lancaster/thesis/1728},
  year = 2022
}

@article{delgadorodriguez2024covid19,
  abstract = {Many papers have investigated the effects of Covid-19 on people's well-being shortly after the epidemic's outbreak. In this article, we use the joint World Values Survey (WVS) and European Value Study (EVS) 2017–2022 dataset and employ OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regressions and Coarsened Exact Matching, to evaluate the possible existence of a persistent effect on life satisfaction, two years after the start of the pandemic. We have chosen to focus on the Netherlands -a country which appears among the happiest in the world and for which we have available data- to assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic at this later stage. The results of our analysis seem to indicate that the pandemic has contributed to reducing the levels of life satisfaction significantly, particularly among the younger generation. These findings show that specific intervention programmes should be created focusing on different age groups.},
  author = {Delgado-Rodríguez, María Jesús and Hernández, Fernando Pinto and Tailbot, Karin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35494},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {2405-8440},
  journal = {Heliyon},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 15,
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Has Covid-19 left an imprint on our levels of life satisfaction? Empirical evidence from the Netherlands},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35494},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{hu2023macrointerest,
  abstract = {The extent to which the public takes an interest in politics has long been argued to be foundational to democracy, but the want of appropriate data has prevented cross-national and longitudinal analysis. This letter takes advantage of recent advances in latent-variable modeling of aggregate survey responses and a comprehensive collection of survey data to generate dynamic comparative estimates of macrointerest, that is, aggregate political interest, for over a hundred countries over the past four decades. These macrointerest scores are validated with other aggregate measures of political interest and of other types of political engagement. A cross-national and longitudinal analysis of macrointerest in advanced democracies reveals that along with election campaigns and inclusive institutions, it is good economic conditions, not bad times, that spur publics to greater interest in politics.},
  author = {Hu, Yue and Solt, Frederick},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.1950 ; 10.4232/1.2900 ; 10.4232/1.11372 ; 10.4232/1.13707 ; 10.4232/1.10079 ; 10.4232/1.12590 ; 10.4232/1.13052 ; 10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.31235/osf.io/nkgdy},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA1950 v1.0.0 ; ZA2900 v1.0.0 ; ZA3950 v1.3.0 ; ZA4700 v2.0.0 ; ZA4850 v2.0.0 ; ZA6670 v2.0.0 ; ZA6900 v2.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {SocArXiv},
  study-id = {ISSP1990 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP2004 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2007 ; ISSP2014 ; ISSP2017 ; EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Macrointerest Across Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/nkgdy},
  year = 2023
}

@article{polasky2025meltdown,
  abstract = {A well-functioning society requires well-functioning institutions that ensure prosperity, fair distribution of wealth, social participation, security, and informative media. Such institutions are built on a foundation of trust. However, while trust is essential for economic success and good governance, interconnected mechanisms inherent in weakly governed market economies tend to undermine the very trust on which such success depends. These mechanisms include the intrinsic tendency for inequality to grow, media to boost perceived unfairness, and self-interest to gain rewards at the expense of others. These mechanisms, if left unchecked, allow wealth concentration to result in state capture where institutions facilitate further wealth concentration instead of the promoting the common good. As a result, people may become alienated and untrusting of fellow citizens and of institutions. Several democracies now experience such dynamics, the United States being a prime example. We discuss ways in which well-functioning democracies can design institutions to help avoid this social trap, and the much harder challenge of escaping the trap once in it. Successful cases such as the ability of Scandinavian democracies to maintain high-trust, and the US progressive era in the early 20th century provide instructive examples.},
  author = {Polasky, Stephen and Scheffer, Marten and Anderies, John M},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.2320528122},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00278424},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 14,
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Meltdown of trust in weakly governed economies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2320528122},
  volume = 122,
  year = 2025
}

@article{jensen2024background,
  abstract = {In Europe, the children of migrants often have worse economic outcomes than those with local-born parents. This paper shows that children born in Denmark with immigrant parents (first-generation locals) have lower earnings, higher unemployment, less education, more welfare transfers, and more criminal convictions than children with local-born parents. However, when we condition on parental socio-economic characteristics, first-generation locals generally perform as well or slightly better than the children of locals. While children of immigrants are more likely to come from deprived backgrounds, they do not experience substantially different outcomes conditional on parental background.},
  author = {Jensen, M. and Manning, A.},
  doi = {10.1257/app.20230389},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  journal = {American Economic Journa},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {347–379},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Background matters, but not whether parents are immigrants: outcomes of children born in Denmark},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20230389},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2025
}

@article{stemper2025trends,
  abstract = {International assessments such as PISA and TIMSS are widely used to compare the academic proficiency of adolescents across countries and over time. Are scores on these assessments associated with outcomes in adulthood? Combining data from mathematics scores in PISA, TIMSS, and PIAAC, and adulthood outcomes from 18 representative global surveys, I compare the relative associations of PISA and TIMSS scores with later outcomes among cohorts that took both tests during adolescence. Results suggest that cohorts with higher test scores perform better on assessments of adulthood skills, obtain higher levels of education, and have higher incomes as adults. I find suggestive evidence that PISA scores exhibit a relatively stronger relationship with education and income in adulthood compared to TIMSS scores.},
  access-dc = {open access},
  author = {Stemper, Samuel},
  doi = {10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102720},
  issn = {0272-7757},
  journal = {Economics of Education Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS},
  title = {Trends in international assessments and outcomes in adulthood},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102720},
  volume = 109,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bertolini2023giovani,
  author = {Bertolini, Sonia and Goglio, Valentina},
  doi = {10.1402/108735},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {00273120},
  journal = {il Mulino},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 4,
  pages = {86-94},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Giovani e senso del lavoro},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1402/108735},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{fawzi2025journalismus,
  abstract = {Das Kapitel widmet sich dem Thema Vertrauen und Journalismus aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln. Um begriffliche Klarheit zu schaffen, wird Medienvertrauen zunächst von dem sehr ähnlichen und in der Kommunikationswissenschaft lange dominantem Konzept der Glaubwürdigkeit abgegrenzt. Daran schließt ein Kapitel zur empirischen Messung von Vertrauen und Glaubwürdigkeit und zur Entwicklung des Medienvertrauen im Zeitverlauf an. Anschließend folgt ein Überblick über die aktuelle Forschung zu den individuellen, sozio-politischen Ursachen von Medienvertrauen, der Bedeutung der Mediennutzung sowie den strukturellen Merkmalen des Medien- und Politiksystems, die die Entwicklung von Medienvertrauen bedingen. Zum Abschluss gehen wir der Frage nach, wie Medienvertrauen aus Sicht des Journalismus gestärkt werden kann.},
  access-date2 = {22.12.2025 Aufgenommen: 40. Fassung, Dezember 2025},
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Fawzi, Nayla and Obermaier, Magdalena},
  availability = {22.12.2025},
  booktitle = {Journalismusforschung},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748932291},
  editor = {Hanitzsch, Thomas and Loosen, Wiebke and Sehl, Annika},
  isbn = {9783748932291},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {143-162},
  publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft},
  study = {ALLBUS1984-2021 ; EVS ; Eurobarometer 1997-2017},
  title = {Journalismus und Vertrauen},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748932291},
  year = 2025
}

@article{ezcurra2025kinbased,
  abstract = {This paper examines the relationship between kin-based institutions and women’s political empowerment in the regions of Spain, France, and Italy. The results show that the rate of cousin marriage during the 20th century is a strong predictor of modern-day female political representation in the regions of these three countries. Regions characterized by a higher prevalence of cousin marriage in the past century tend to have a lower proportion of women in politics today. This finding holds after controlling for country fixed effects and different variables that may be correlated with both consanguinity and women’s political empowerment. The results remain robust when employing an instrumental variable approach that exploits regional variation in the degree of historical exposure to the marriage laws of the medieval Catholic Church. Furthermore, the findings of the paper show that the effect of cousin marriage on women’s political empowerment partially operates through its impact on corruption and economic development. Additionally, I also present evidence supporting the existence of a cultural transmission channel linking consanguineous marriage in the 20th century with contemporary attitudes about the role of women in society and their participation in politics.},
  author = {Ezcurra, Roberto},
  doi = {10.1007/s40888-025-00379-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1973820X},
  journal = {Economia Politica},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {745-770},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Kin-based institutions and women’s political empowerment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-025-00379-w},
  volume = 42,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{fabrykant2021national,
  abstract = {National pride and social trust are often perceived and used as alternative grounds for social cohesion. While national pride is essentially exclusive, because shared only by compatriots, trust in social institution is not, and the general interpersonal trust measured as trust in strangers is inclusive by definition. These differences create an opportunity for a variety of interrelations between national pride and various dimensions of social trust, depending on how certain kinds of individuals and institutions are perceived in relation to a country’s identity. This paper presents the results of a research examining interrelations between national pride and social trust in Russia compared to other countries. The empirical data used in the research come from the most recent wave of the World Values Survey, released in 2020. The results show that in Russia, national pride is positively related to trust in all major social institutions, including even international organizations. This pattern is observed in most countries (with the notable exception of the USA, where correlations between national pride and trust in some institutions, such as the press and the UN, are negative). These positive correlations in Russia are the strongest for trust in the churches, the armed forces, and the government; in most other countries, the pattern is similar but much less pronounced: the relation to trust in other institutions is not that weaker. The relation of national pride to various dimensions of interpersonal trust reveals a deeper difference: unlike in most countries, in Russia, national pride has no negative relation to trust in people of another nationality or religion but is significantly negatively related to strangers. Thus, apparently Russian scoring high on national pride are more ready to accept people with any kind of identity, however different from their own, than people whose identity is unknown and undefined.},
  address = {Moscow},
  author = {Fabrykant, Marharyta},
  doi = {10.31235/osf.io/yq3nk},
  institution = {HSE University},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  series = {Working Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {National Pride and Social Trust in Russia in Cross-National Comparative Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/yq3nk},
  year = 2021
}

@article{pollmannschult2025parenthood,
  abstract = {Research on the relationship between parenthood and life satisfaction has revealed mixed results, with older parents reporting higher life satisfaction than older nonparents in some countries but not in others. This study investigates whether the link between parenthood and life satisfaction among individuals aged 60 years and older systematically varies across countries. Drawing on the theoretical premise that country-specific factors influence both the benefits of parenthood and the psychological costs of childlessness, the study examines the roles of pronatalist norms, filial elder-care norms, and the economic conditions of older individuals in shaping the life satisfaction gap between parents and nonparents. The study analyzes European Social Survey data on 114,513 individuals aged 60 years and older in 32 European countries using multilevel regression models. The results show that the life satisfaction gap between parents and nonparents is positively related to the strength of pronatalist norms and the level of economic vulnerability among older people. In contrast, elder-care norms are not uniformly linked to the magnitude of the life satisfaction gap. However, a particularly large life satisfaction gap was observed in countries with both high levels of economic vulnerability and strong elder-care norms. These findings suggest that the extent to which parenthood affects the life satisfaction of older individuals strongly depends on societal context.},
  author = {Pollmann-Schult, Matthias},
  doi = {10.1007/s10433-025-00853-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {16139380},
  journal = {European Journal of Ageing},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Parenthood and life satisfaction in older age: examining the moderating role of social norms and economic vulnerability},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-025-00853-1},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2025
}

@article{hook2025national,
  abstract = {The authors investigate whether work-family policies help incorporate women into the labor market, but exacerbate the gender earnings gap and motherhood penalty, especially for mothers and/or tertiary-educated women. The authors use repeated cross-sectional income data from the Luxembourg Income Study database (1999–2019) (n = 26 countries, 280 country-years, 2.9 million employees) combined with an original collection of indicators on work-family policies, labor market conditions, and gender norms. The authors find that only one work-family policy, long paid parental leave (longer than six months), is associated with a larger gender earnings gap for mothers and tertiary-educated women. The negative relationship between long paid leave and women’s earning percentile is not well explained by selection, full-time status, work hours, experience, occupation, or sector, suggesting discrimination mechanisms. These findings add to the growing evidence that long paid leave specifically, as opposed to work-family policies more generally, cleaves the labor market outcomes of women from men.},
  author = {Hook, Jennifer L. and Li, Meiying},
  doi = {10.1177/23780231251360042},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Socius},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {National Work-Family Policies and Gender Earnings Inequality in 26 OECD Countries, 1999 to 2019},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231251360042},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2025
}

@article{grages2025understanding,
  abstract = {Since the 1990s, European welfare states have expanded long-term care (LTC) support for older people, yet gaps in social security and unmet needs persist. This study identifies key gaps in LTC provision and examines how differences in policy design contribute to them. It applies a typology of LTC policies that considers the balance between support for formal and semi-formal care systematically assessing regulations of access to support and the extent of support. Moreover, cultural and infrastructural influences on care gaps are examined. The study compares 10 European welfare states with social-democratic, conservative, liberal, Mediterranean and post-socialist welfare traditions. The analysis is based on legal policy documents, expert reports and comparative policy databases, as well as national and international statistics. Findings indicate that cross-national differences in care gaps largely stem from institutional policy structures. However, cultural perceptions of appropriate forms of LTC and infrastructural factors, such as policy implementation and the availability and quality of formal care, also play a crucial role in shaping cross-national differences.},
  author = {Grages, Christopher},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1111/spol.70029},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA4561},
  issn = {1467-9515},
  journal = {Social Policy & Administration},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study = {EU-SILC 2018},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; SpecialEB283},
  title = {Understanding Gaps in the Provision of Long-Term Care for Older People Across Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.70029},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{dochowsondershaus2025cultural,
  abstract = {Norris and Inglehart's (2019) cultural backlash theory has become popular for understanding right-wing backlash. The theory views backlash as a reaction from segments of the population who feel alienated by advancing societal liberalization. We test this core claim of the theory by investigating whether highly educated individuals increasingly adopted more liberal attitudes toward immigrants, LGTBIQ+ rights, and gender roles over recent decades across European countries, and whether this has led to an increasing liberalization gap to lower educated segments of the population. Using data from the European Values Study (1980–2020) and the European Social Survey (2001–2021) we find that liberalization dynamics vary significantly across countries and attitudinal indicators. Growing liberalization gaps are most common in Central and Eastern European countries, particularly in a distinct and pronounced way concerning LGTBIQ+ attitudes. Western Europe shows fewer gaps, mostly in isolated attitudes on immigration and gender roles. We conclude that cultural backlash theory is most applicable to Central and Eastern Europe (and to some extent in Southern Europe). In most countries, explaining backlash through this lens requires acknowledging that growing liberalization gaps occur on singular attitudes rather than being a widespread phenomenon.},
  author = {Dochow-Sondershaus, Stephan and Teney, Céline and Borbáth, Endre},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.31235/osf.io/6heg9_v2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {SocArXiv},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Cultural Backlash? Trends in Opinion Polarisation between Educational Groups in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/6heg9_v2},
  year = 2025
}

@book{boeve2025catholic,
  abstract = {Based on diligent theological work and practical experience, Boeve explores how Catholic schools can reconfigure their identity in an increasingly secular and pluralised world. At a time when Christian values education has lost its plausibility and effectiveness, this work examines how a wider 'Catholic dialogue school' project would welcome the plurality of beliefs among its staff and students, actively facilitate dialogue between them, and introduce the Christian voice into this dialogue in a contemporary and challenging way. This book offers chapters on the theological background of the project and its social relevance. With empirical evidence and case studies from across the world, Boeve dextrously analyses the practical implication of these Catholic dialogue schools. The processes of secularisation and pluralisation have changed school demographics and this has affected the construction of both individual and collective identities. In response to this changed context, this work shows how the 'Catholic dialogue school' project actively engages with such identity construction. The book concludes by considering whether recent Church teaching supports this project and how it can strengthen the position of Catholic education in discussions about its legitimacy in contexts of (soft) secularism and shrinking educational freedom.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Boeve, L.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {9780567723635},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {The Catholic Dialogue School: From Theory to Practice and Back},
  year = 2025
}

@article{mehring2025populist,
  abstract = {Various studies show that men disproportionately vote for populist radical right (PRR) parties. However, research has been unable to fully explain this gender gap. In an attempt to address this research gap, this article theorizes, quantitatively operationalizes and tests the role of ‘protective masculinity’ in the gender gap in PRR support in a cross-sectional study across 18 European countries. Using mediation analysis, we find that ‘protective masculinity’ partly explains the gender gap in PRR support. However, while more men than women hold ‘protective masculinity’ attitudes, women also do. Moderation analysis shows that these women are equally likely as men to support the PRR based on these attitudes. Bridging previous qualitative research on masculinity and quantitative research on PRR support, this article contributes a partial explanation of the gender gap. Its findings call for research on women’s conservatism and PRR support.},
  author = {Mehring, Kathina and Off, Gefjon and Wojnicka, Katarzyna},
  doi = {10.1332/25151088Y2025D000000101},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {25151088},
  journal = {European Journal of Politics and Gender},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-42},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The populist radical right, the gender gap and protective masculinity across European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1332/25151088Y2025D000000101},
  year = 2025
}

@article{wicker2025contribution,
  abstract = {This study examines the contribution of voluntary sport club membership to social capital while also considering memberships in other voluntary organisations, whether individuals with low human capital benefit from sport club membership, and whether these effects differ depending on the type of national sport policy system (i.e. social, bureaucratic, missionary, and entrepreneurial configuration). The empirical analysis draws on data from the fifth wave of the European Values Study including respondents from 21 European countries (n = 29,502), who are assigned to these four policy configurations. Social capital is measured by a 6-item scale capturing trust in different people, which is converted into a mean index. A set of regression analyses is run to examine the association between sport club membership and social capital, as well as the potentially moderating role of club membership for individuals with low and medium education. The results show that voluntary sport clubs contribute to social capital in all sport policy systems except the entrepreneurial configuration. Individuals with lower or medium education have lower social capital stocks, with only sport clubs in the missionary configuration contributing to the accumulation of social capital among these individuals. The findings have implications for sport policy and politics: They indicate that the roles assigned to voluntary sport clubs within a sport system do not only shape their operations and goals, but also affect their members’ possibility of accumulating social capital, ultimately contributing to societal life.},
  author = {Wicker, Pamela and Lesch, Lara and Schnitzer, Martin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/19406940.2025.2583971},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The contribution of voluntary sport clubs to social capital in different European sport policy systems},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2025.2583971},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{maman2024polarization,
  abstract = {In the past decades, new governance models have been introduced, that include the use of self-regulation tools, such as pledges and nudges, to achieve regulatory goals. One of the main appeals of these new governance models, is the premise that they lead to more voluntary compliance since they rely on the intrinsic motivation to cooperate instead of coercive measures. More importantly, they rely on trust: of the government in society, of society in the government and of citizens in each other. However, increasing polarization and the associated diminished trust in many societies brings up the question of whether these self-regulation tools remain effective in securing compliance. In this paper, we focus on a particular aspect of polarization, ideological extremity, and ask if it leads to reduced levels of cooperation. We develop the hypothesis that extremity reduces trust in the government and in other people, and this in turn reduces cooperation, hence threatening the viability of self-regulation. In addition, we hypothesize that extremity affects the dynamics of authority, increasing the influence of peoples' ideology and whether their party is in power on their willingness to cooperate. We utilize two large and comparative datasets, the European Social Survey (ESS) and the World Value Survey (WVS), to test our hypothesis and find some evidence that ideological extremity undermines cooperation, and that there are ideological differences for the way this occurs. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our findings for policy makers who wish to incorporate self-regulation tools in polarized societies.},
  author = {Maman, Libby and Feldman, Yuval and Tyler, Tom},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  series = {Yale Law & Economics Research Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Polarization and Voluntary Compliance The Impact of Ideological Extremity on The Effectiveness of Self-Regulation},
  year = 2024
}

@phdthesis{kozak2020orientations,
  author = {Kozák, Michal},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {The University of Bergen},
  title = {Work orientations in contemporary advanced societies : Three comparative studies based on large-scale cross-national survey data},
  type = {PhD},
  url = {https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/11250/2712248},
  year = 2020
}

@article{pinto2025effect,
  abstract = {Does the intervention of an international organization in domestic politics render policy change more popular? While voters may ultimately care only about policy outcomes, the involvement of international actors often seems to lead to resentment. Still, citizens may have greater faith in the wisdom of international actors than in their own government. As others have argued, a well-respected international actor might provide a cue, especially for voters considering controversial policies like spending cuts. We test this argument in a novel pre–post experimental panel study conducted in Spain. We find that citizens become less opposed to unpopular spending cuts when informed that they are required by an international institution. The effects differ, however, across the two organizations that we test: They are stronger for the European Union than for the International Monetary Fund. Our findings lend support to studies arguing that the endorsement of specific international organizations can help push through otherwise unpopular policies.},
  author = {Pinto, Pablo M. and Rickard, Stephanie J. and Vreeland, James Raymond},
  doi = {10.1093/isq/sqae150},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {0020-8833},
  journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Effect of International Actors on Public Support for Government Spending Decisions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae150},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{berggren2022immigrants,
  abstract = {We highlight a new factor behind integration: tolerance in the immigrants’ background culture. We hypothesize that it is easier to partake of economic, civic-political and social life in a new country for a person stemming from a culture that embodies tolerance towards people who are different. We test this by applying the epidemiological method, using a tolerance index based on two indicators from the World Values Survey – the share that thinks it important to teach children tolerance and the share that considers homosexuality justified – as our main independent variable. Our outcomes are indices of individual-level economic, civic-political and cultural integration outcomes for immigrants of the second generation with data from the European Social Survey. The results indicate that tolerance in the background culture is a robust predictor of integration among children of immigrants in European societies.},
  address = {Stockholm},
  author = {Berggren, Niclas and Ljunge, Martin and Nilsson, Therese},
  institution = {IFN},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 1447,
  pages = {1-55},
  series = {Working paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Immigrants’ Tolerance and Integration into Society},
  url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4298603},
  year = 2022
}

@article{kusano2025whats,
  abstract = {Cross-cultural researchers often compare mean scores across cultures using subjective Likert scales, but this approach faces several methodological challenges. One alleged problem is the reference group effect (RGE), which posits that varying normative standards distort cultural comparisons, potentially suppressing or even reversing true differences. In this study, we revisit this issue and challenge its premise. Leveraging data from three large-scale international datasets, we examined the relationship between subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and its criterion variable, national wealth (GDP per capita). According to the RGE, respondents? judgments based on their local peers would result in those from wealthy countries rating themselves as less affluent and those from developing countries rating themselves as relatively more affluent. Such biased evaluations would suppress true differences and lead to a null correlation between SES and GDP across countries. However, our findings consistently revealed a strong positive correlation: respondents from wealthier countries rated themselves higher, while those from developing countries rated themselves lower. The majority of respondents appear to interpret numerical anchors of Likert scales in a single, universal, and absolute manner??middle class? carries the same meaning regardless of varying economic standards. This consistent interpretation enables valid cross-cultural differences to emerge. Our findings encourage cross-cultural researchers to interpret observed cultural differences with greater confidence when using Likert scales.},
  author = {Kusano, Kodai and Jami, Waleed},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12252},
  doi = {10.1177/10693971251333559},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {10693971},
  journal = {Cross-Cultural Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {677-699},
  study = {EVS},
  study-id = {ISSP2011},
  title = {What’s Wrong With the Reference Group Effect in Cross-Cultural Research?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10693971251333559},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2025
}

@article{comet2025radiografa,
  abstract = {This article studies religious minorities through six opinion surveys carried out in the period 2018-2023, and discusses the limitations of these sources to analyse such a specific group. According to these surveys, between 4% and 6.3% of Spanish residents of legal age belong to a non-Catholic religion. On the other hand, the calculations estimated in this research, based on the LFS, suggest that the real percentage is twice as high. When minors are also included, the figure reaches 14% of the population in our country in 2024 (6.8 million people), of which 2.4 million are Muslim. Religious minorities are mostly made up of immigrants, are younger than the average population, have a lower proportion of university graduates, are slightly further to the right politically and practice their religiosity more intensely than Catholics.},
  author = {Comet, Jacobo Muñoz and Pastor, Juan Ignacio Martínez},
  doi = {10.54790/rccs.114},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7570 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {29518156},
  journal = {Revista CENTRA de Ciencias Sociales},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {11-34},
  study-id = {ISSP2018 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Radiografía de las minorías religiosas en España: una estimación de su tamaño y sus características (Radiography of Religious Minorities in Spain: an Estimation of their Size and Characteristics)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.54790/rccs.114 },
  volume = 4,
  year = 2025
}

@article{smyk2025paying,
  abstract = {The notion of ideal worker necessitates being available at the discretion of the employer in terms of time. We embed our study in the context of gender. Discretion over working time, meanwhile, is widely considered one of the cornerstones of work-life balance and job satisfaction. We study the pecuniary and social valuation of the autonomy to decide about working schedules. We compare employee-initiated and employer-initiated request for a change towards more flexible working time arrangement. We provide plausibly causal evidence that an ideal worker indeed ought to be available, but requesting this availability should be reflected in wage rise on average. There appears to be no penalty to employee-initiated request for flexibility and this result is common for men and women.},
  author = {Smyk, Magdalena and Velde, Lucas van der and Tyrowicz, Joanna},
  doi = {10.33119/GN/202289},
  issn = {2300-5238},
  journal = {Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-28},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS},
  title = {Paying for ideal discretion: A Framed Field Experiment on Working Time Arrangements},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.33119/GN/202289},
  volume = 322,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{vilaca2012portrait,
  address = {Rennes},
  author = {Vilaça, Helena and Oliveira, Maria João},
  booktitle = {Portraits du catholicisme : Une comparaison européenne},
  editor = {Pérez-Agote, Alfonso},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811},
  isbn = {978-2-7535-2040-0},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro french incollection},
  language = {french},
  pages = {209-253},
  publisher = {Presses universitaires de Rennes},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999},
  title = {Portrait du catholicisme au Portugal},
  year = 2012
}

@article{ramirezduenas2025consolidacin,
  abstract = {This descriptive study analyses the evolution of attitudes toward sexual diversity in Spain from the democratic transition to the present. Drawing on data from the European Values Study and an original survey, we offer a longitudinal analysis spanning over 40 years (1980–2022), tracing changes in perceptions of homosexuality across various segments of the Spanish population. While a steady positive trend is observed since the 1980s, we identify a stagnation beginning in 2018, along with regressions in certain sociodemographic groups, such as men, middle-aged individuals, those with lower educational attainment, and those who identify ideologically with the center-left. Moreover, our findings reveal significant current disparities—particularly between men and women on the political right, and across educational levels within the center-left. In line with the theoretical framework presented, the results suggest that the consolidation of liberal values has contributed to the growing acceptance of sexual diversity. However, the new sociopolitical context in Spain—characterized by the increasing politicization of LGTBIQ+ rights and the legitimization of the radical right-wing party VOX—may have triggered resistance among certain groups, and even reversals of previously observed trends. Although it is still too early to confirm a structural backlash, our findings indicate that the recent stagnation, together with the regressions seen in specific social sectors, raises important questions about a potential threat to the social acceptance of LGTBIQ+ people in Spain.},
  author = {Ramírez Dueñas, José María and Cordero García, Guillermo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021 ; 10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.5944/empiria.64.2025.45200},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0 ; ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  issn = {1139-5737},
  journal = {Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 64,
  pages = {23-50},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {¿Consolidación o retroceso? Explorando las actitudes sociales hacia la diversidad sexual en España (1980-2022)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.64.2025.45200},
  year = 2025
}

@book{sieben2025european,
  address = {Leipzig},
  author = {Sieben, Inge and Muis, Quita},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Wisamar Bildungsgesellschaft},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {European Values Made Tangible},
  url = {https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/179bdea5-5ea9-4337-8007-85eaac78a400},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{jerolimov2020church,
  abstract = {Dinka Marinović Jerolimov and Nikolina Hazdovac Bajić examine the case of Croatia in this chapter, a postcommunist country with a dominant Roman Catholic religious society. The official social welfare system in Croatia started to function in the communist period (1945–1990), more precisely during the 1960s, with the implementation of the first legislation that sought to comprehensively regulate that area and the establishment of independent institutions that deal with social issues. The authors seek to provide insight into the role and function of church-based organizations in the welfare system in Croatia, considering both the communist and postcommunist social and legal context.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Jerolimov, Dinka Marinović and Bajić, Nikolina Hazdovac},
  booktitle = {Faith-Based Organizations and Social Welfare: Associational Life and Religion in Contemporary Eastern Europe},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-44707-6_7},
  editor = {Glatzer, Miguel and Manuel, Paul Christopher},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783030447076},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {129-157},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Church and Welfare State in Croatia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44707-6_7},
  year = 2020
}

@book{ohueri2025encountering,
  abstract = {Encountering Race in Albania is the first book to interrogate race and racial logics in Albania. Chelsi West Ohueri examines how race is made, remade, produced, and reproduced through constructions of whiteness, blackness, and otherness. She argues that while race is often limited to Western processes of modernity that exclude Eastern Europe, racialization processes are global, and the ethnography of everyday Albanian socialities makes visible how race operates. Historical and political science frameworks prevail in the study of post-Cold War East European societies, yet as West Ohueri shows, anthropological and ethnographic knowledge can equip scholars to ask questions that they might otherwise not consider, illustrating how racialization is ongoing and enduring in a period that she terms the communist afterlife. Encountering Race in Albania, through the unexpected optic of Albania, a small, formerly communist country in Southeast Europe, offers significant insights into into broader understandings of race in a global context.},
  address = {Cornell },
  author = {Ohueri, Chelsi West},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {9781501781896},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cornell University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Encountering Race in Albania},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{merikull2021survived,
  abstract = {This paper looks at the gender wage gap throughout the transition from communism to capitalism and throughout a time of rapid economic convergence....},
  author = {Meriküll, Jaanika and Tverdostup, Maryna},
  institution = {Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 206,
  pages = 42,
  series = {Working Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Gap that Survived the Transition: The Gender Wage Gap over Three Decades in Estonia},
  url = {https://wiiw.ac.at/p-5884.html},
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{jaeger2023prejudice,
  abstract = {People who are prejudiced against one social group also tend to be prejudiced against other social groups—they show generalized prejudice. Many scholars have noted parallels between the exploitation and marginalization of certain social groups (e.g., racism) and the treatment of non-human animals (i.e., speciesism), suggesting that generalized prejudice may even extend across species lines. Two studies tested this hypothesis using large and diverse participant samples and different operationalizations of prejudice. Study 1 (56759 participants from 46 European countries) showed a positive association between prejudice and human supremacy beliefs, a key feature of speciesist ideology. Study 2 (1566 Dutch participants) revealed positive associations between prejudice and a host of attitudes, emotional responses, and behaviors related to the exploitation of animals. These findings support recent theorizing on the common psychological roots (e.g., social dominance orientation) of both human-directed and animal-directed prejudice and attest to the generality of generalized prejudice.},
  author = {Jaeger, Bastian},
  doi = {10.31234/osf.io/cpvz5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  institution = {PsyArXiv},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Prejudice across species lines: Generalized prejudice predicts attitudes, emotions, and behaviors towards animal exploitation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cpvz5},
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{moriconi2021gender,
  abstract = {Using individual-level data from the European Social Survey, we study the relevance of gender norms in accounting for the motherhood employment gap across 186 European NUTS2 regions (over 29 countries) for the 2002-2016 period. The gender norm variable is taken from a question on whether “men should have more right to a job than women when jobs are scarce” and represents the average extent of disagreement (on a scale 1 to 5) of women belonging to the “grandmothers” cohort. We address the potential endogeneity of our gender norms measure with an index of the degree of reproductive health liberalization when grandmothers were 20 years old. We also account for the endogeneity of motherhood with the level of reproductive health liberalization when mothers were 20 years old. We find a robust positive association between progressive beliefs among the grandmothers’ cohort and mothers’ likelihood to work while having a small child (0 to 5 years old) relative to similar women without children. No similar association is found among men. Our analysis underscores the role of gender norms and maternal employment, suggesting that non-traditional gender norms mediate on the employment gender gap mainly via motherhood.},
  address = {Munich},
  author = {Moriconi, Simone and Rodríguez-Planas, Núria},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3982034},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  institution = {Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research - CESifo},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 9471,
  pages = 47,
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Gender Norms and the Motherhood Employment Gap},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3982034},
  year = 2021
}

@article{cunico2023evidence,
  abstract = {This meta-analysis aimed to explore and consolidate the theory of planned behaviour-based literature on the intention to eat at a restaurant. Following a structured literature review of 220 articles, a final sample of 22 articles was analysed by pooling the correlations between the constructs of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and intention to eat out. Moreover, possible moderators by sample, cultural dimensions, and restaurant characteristics were analysed to identify significant subgroups in the literature. The results highlight the robustness of the constructs of the theory of planned behaviour, confirming its reliability even in the face of an unexpected shock, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the analysis of cultural moderators extracted from the World Value Survey highlights the need to adapt the construct of perceived behavioural control to consumers’ cultural backgrounds.},
  author = {Cunico, Paolo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1431/108710},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {11214228},
  journal = {Micro & Macro Marketing},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {461-488},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/ WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Why Do We Eat Out? Evidence from a Meta-analysis Based on Theory of Planned Behaviour},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1431/108710},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2023
}

@article{erlich2025normbased,
  abstract = {Can norm-based information campaigns reduce corruption? Such campaigns use messaging about how people typically behave (descriptive norms) or ought to behave (injunctive norms). Drawing on survey and lab experiments in Ukraine, we unpack and evaluate the distinct effects of these two types of social norms. Four findings emerge: First, injunctive-norm messaging produces consistent but relatively small and temporary effects. These may serve as moderately effective, low-cost anti-corruption tools but are unlikely to inspire large-scale norm transformations. Second, contrary to recent studies, we find no evidence that either type of norm-based messaging “backfires” by inadvertently encouraging corruption. Third, descriptive-norm messages emphasizing corruption's decline produce relatively large and long-lasting effects—but only among subjects who find messages credible. Fourth, both types of norm-based messaging have a substantially larger effect on younger citizens. These findings have broader implications for messaging campaigns, especially those targeting social problems that, like corruption, require mitigation of collective action dilemmas.},
  author = {Erlich, Aaron and Gans‐Morse, Jordan},
  doi = {10.1111/ajps.12940},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00925853},
  journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Can norm‐based information campaigns reduce corruption?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12940},
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{fernandezurbano2021individual,
  abstract = {This PhD thesis examines the relationship between perceptions of labour market opportunities and subjective well-being. It is often assumed that the presence and improvement of labour market opportunities has an immediate, positive effect on individuals’ perceptions of such opportunities and consequently to their subjective well-being (Chung and Mau, 2014). To date, far too little attention has been paid to how social and cultural cognitive biases affect individuals’ perceptions of their socio-economic reality and well-being beyond objective conditions (Kahneman, 2011; Bandura, 1999; Fiske et al., 2002; Nussbaum, 2003; Sen, 2009). Previous assumptions fail to recognize the role that individuals’ perceptions of labour market opportunities can have on their subjective well-being beyond objective economic conditions. Each chapter of my thesis employs different theoretical frameworks, methods, and proxies to study the relationship between perceived labour market opportunities and subjective well-being from different angles. With the aim to gain a more in-depth understanding, I also explore potential moderating variables and underlying mechanisms of this relationship. My PhD thesis develops an interdisciplinary approach— drawing on work in economics, sociology, and social psychology—and contributes to different branches of literature within the social sciences, especially to the economics of happiness. Observational results show that perceived labour market opportunities have a strong relationship with subjective well-being beyond objective conditions and that macroeconomic contexts and individuals’ social origin have an important role in this relationship. My thesis also theoretically recognizes and empirically tests the causal role of perceptions of labour market opportunities on subjective well-being. Experimental results from two natural field experiments reveal that when a positive or negative subtle change of frame in individuals’ perceptions challenges their pre-established cultural ideals on labour market opportunities, a large impact on subjective well-being could expected.},
  address = {Firenze},
  author = {Fernandez Urbano, Roger},
  doi = {10.2870/145868},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {European University Institute},
  title = {Individual perceptions of labour market opportunities and subjective well-being},
  type = {PhD},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2870/145868},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{rudkouski2025religion,
  abstract = {This chapter explores Belarus's religious landscape, focusing on cultural and sociopolitical aspects under authoritarian rule. Data from the World Values Survey indicate that Belarusians exhibit a moderate level of religiosity compared to most other nations in Europe, with significant denominational differences: Protestants show the strongest devotion, Catholics moderate engagement, and Orthodox Christians primarily nominal adherence. Under Lukashenka's regime, strategies of co-optation and repression towards religious groups are applied, with repression intensifying following the 2020 election. This period marked unprecedented religious suppression, reshaping state–church relations and positioning Belarus as one of the most repressive environments globally for religious organizations.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Rudkouski, Piotr},
  booktitle = {Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Belarus},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003501497-27},
  editor = {Kazharski, Aliaksei},
  isbn = {9781003501497},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {280-291},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Religion in Belarus: Cultural and Sociopolitical Dimensions},
  year = 2025
}

@article{johansson2025religiosity,
  abstract = {Introduction: This study investigates the relationship between religiosity, general sexual attitudes, and public perceptions of sex work in Italy, a country where religious traditions play a significant role in shaping societal values. We aim to understand how various aspects of religiosity, such as the importance of God, religious service attendance, and prayer frequency, influence attitudes toward the acceptability of sex work. Methods: We use data from the Wave 5 European Values Study (EVS), a large-scale, cross-national survey that provides insights into individuals’ values and attitudes across Europe. The study focuses on Italy and Italian respondents, examining their views on sex work. Multiple regression models were employed to assess the impact of general sexual attitudes and religiosity on the acceptability of sex work. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the indirect effects of religiosity through broader sexual norms. Results: The analysis reveals that general attitudes toward non-committal sexual behavior are the strongest predictors of the acceptability of sex work. While religiosity also influences attitudes, its effect is largely mediated by general beliefs about sexual behavior. The results demonstrate that religiosity has a limited direct impact on attitudes toward sex work in contemporary Italy. Conclusions: Religiosity, though traditionally a strong influence, now plays an indirect role in shaping views on sex work, mediated by broader societal norms about sexual behavior. These general sexual attitudes are far more significant in determining public perceptions of sex work. This study contributes to the literature by showing that in a highly religious context like Italy, religiosity influences attitudes indirectly through broader sexual norms rather than directly. Policy Implications: Rather than engaging in morality-based debates linked to religion, advocates and organizations seeking policies that support sex workers may be more effective by emphasizing the normalization of diverse sexual behaviors and shifting broader sexual norms.},
  author = {Johansson, Isabelle and Hansen, Michael A.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1007/s13178-025-01173-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {15536610},
  journal = {Sexuality Research and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religiosity, Sexual Attitudes, and Public Perceptions of Sex Work: Evidence of a Mediating Relationship from Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-025-01173-w},
  year = 2025
}

@article{diani2025embeddedness,
  abstract = {This paper relies on the concept of embeddedness to explore whether Western Europe has seen a shift over time from a style of action focused on unions as organizations, representative of specific trades (‘organizational unionism’), to a style in which unions act as partners in more heterogenous coalitions (‘social movement unionism’). Union members’ multiple involvement in various types of associations and in protest activities are taken as indicators of embeddedness. Data come from five waves of the European Value Surveys in three European countries (UK, Italy and Germany) defined by different levels of corporatism and different styles of labor interest representation. Findings both support and challenge the thesis that we have witnessed a consistent growth in social movement unionism: union members are more inclined to join other associations than in the past, but there is little sign of unions’ growing ability to recruit people from other sectors of civil society. Data also point at the recent rise of radical labor activism among people who are not members of any union or any other association. Trends do not seem to relate discernibly to differences between political systems.},
  author = {Diani, Mario},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1080/14742837.2025.2554599},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {14742837},
  journal = {Social Movement Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The embeddedness of unions in collective action fields:‘organizational’vs ‘social movement’unionism},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2025.2554599},
  year = 2025
}

@article{nikisins2025contours,
  abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical role of public attitudes in shaping policy responses to crises. Political trust, conspiracy beliefs, support for democracy, and acceptance of authoritarian rule are key factors influencing public preferences for policy trade-offs, such as prioritising public health versus economic activity, public monitoring versus privacy, and compliance with government regulations versus individual autonomy. This study aims to examine how these factors shape Europeans’ policy priorities during the pandemic and how variations in political trust at the national level influence these preferences. Using data from the European Social Survey Round 10 (2020–2022), which includes responses from 29 countries, multilevel regression analysis is employed to explore individual and country-level dynamics. The results indicate that higher political trust is associated with greater compliance with government measures, while conspiracy beliefs and authoritarian inclinations correlate with resistance to restrictions. Support for democracy shows limited influence on policy preferences. The findings underscore the importance of political trust in fostering public cooperation during crises and highlight the challenges posed by conspiracy beliefs and authoritarian support. The study contributes to understanding the interplay of trust, governance, and public attitudes, offering insights for designing efficient and publicly acceptable crisis policies.},
  author = {Ņikišins, Jurijs},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.6001/fil-soc.2025.36.2.4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {24244546},
  journal = {Filosofija. Sociologija},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {145-163},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Contours of Compliance: Unravelling Factors Shaping Public Health Policy Preferences in the COVID-19 Era},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.2025.36.2.4},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2025
}

@article{brunkert2025democracy,
  abstract = {The democratic backsliding literature sees reactionary shifts among the electorates of mature democracies as a reason for the rise of right-wing populism (RWP)—shifts that supposedly fuel citizens’ distrust in democratic institutions and their readiness to support RWP in its efforts to cut back on democracy’s liberal principles. However, the assumptions underlying this democracy falling narrative are more often stated than tested. Filling this void, we analyze data from the European Values Study/World Values Surveys in a cross-national longitudinal design amended by multilevel evidence, covering all EU countries surveyed at two distant timepoints over the past twenty to twenty-five years. We test whether reactionary shifts among socio-economically vulnerable electoral segments increased polarization over four ideological cleavages: right-vs-left on economic issues, nativism-vs-cosmopolitanism on immigration issues, patriarchy-vs-emancipation on sexuality issues, and economy-vs-environment on sustainability issues. Specifically, we examine whether those population segments at the reactionary end of these cleavages lost trust in democracies’ political institutions and their liberal principles in ways that increase voters’ readiness to support RWP parties. Our results provide no confirmation that polarizing shifts in the population account for RWP’s electoral rise. We conclude that the problems explaining RWP success do not originate in reactionary public opinion shifts. Instead, we propose further research into potential representation gaps with respect to nonvoter camps that grew larger during the pre-RWP era and are now mobilized by RWP parties—a game change presumably triggered by the rise of social media.},
  author = {Brunkert, Lennart Joe and Puranen, B. and Turska-Kawa, Agnieszka and Welzel, Christian},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755773925100209},
  journal = {European Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1–27},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The democracy falling narrative: debunking stereotypes about democratic deconsolidation in the EU},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773925100209},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{erhardt2018entrepreneur,
  abstract = {Persistent differences in entrepreneurial activity between regions and countries remain unexplained. This paper argues that cultural heritage is an important determinant. We exploit a quasi-experimental setting comparing entrepreneurial activities of individuals with different cultural ancestry from within Switzerland but who live in the same municipality today and are hence exposed to the same economic and institutional environment. We find that individuals with cultural origin on the German-speaking side of the Swiss language border found 20\% more firms than their counterparts with cultural origin on the French-speaking side – no matter if they currently live in the German-speaking or French-speaking region. These newly founded firms are identical in terms of survival rate, industry composition, legal form, and firm size, independent of the cultural origin of firm founders. A model of entrepreneurial choice suggests that the empirical patterns of firm entry and performance are more likely driven by differences in risk aversion or preferences for entrepreneurship rather than by skill.},
  address = {Zürich},
  author = {Erhardt, Katharina and Haenni, Simon},
  doi = {10.3929/ethz-b-000310085},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  institution = {ETH Zürich},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 446,
  pages = 61,
  series = {Working paper},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Born to be an Entrepreneur? How Cultural Origin Affects Entrepreneurship},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000310085},
  year = 2018
}

@article{azedi2025which,
  abstract = {Studies have investigated many beliefs and values associated with voting for radical right populist (RRP) parties in Europe, but it remains unclear which values uniquely distinguish supporters of RRPs from supporters of other parties. This article analyzes the distribution of several values across the support bases of radical left, center-left, and center-right parties to assess how they compare to RRP parties, devoting particular attention to the role of political authoritarianism and anti-democratic views. Employing survey data from six western European countries (n = 3554), the results suggest several values commonly thought to characterize radical right citizens, such as socially conservative beliefs, national pride, materialism, and social authoritarianism are not much more prevalent among RRP party supporters than supporters of moderate center-right parties. The findings instead point to the importance of political authoritarianism as a key feature distinguishing RRP supporters from supporters of other parties, along with anti-immigration and political grievances. Supporters of the radical left sharply diverge from supporters of RRP parties on nearly all issues, contradicting the notion that radicals on both sides of the spectrum share beliefs or worldviews.},
  author = {Azedi, Arman},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1177/00323217241310083},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {1467-9248},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1745-1771},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Which Values Distinguish Supporters of Radical Right Populist Parties From Their Rivals? Political Authoritarianism As a Key Ideological Feature},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217241310083},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{skokic2019participation,
  abstract = {Parallel to the rise in the popularity of far-right political actors, we can observe the recent emergence oh the right-wing cilvil society associations and movements in Europe. Such tree call for a better understanding of the nature and characteristics of the civil society and its participants, especially since the outdated theory fails to do so. Thus, the thesis offers an explorative empirical analysis of the right-wing participation in civil society organizations. After using the exploratory factor analysis to create 20 explanatory indicators of social and political attributes, robust profit regressions are used to test for the relationship between the participation of right-wing oriented individuals in 10 different types of voluntary formal organizations and different attributes. Results confirm limited application of the existing theory and indicate several generalizable relationships.},
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Škokić, Petra},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Central European University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Participation in Civil Society : Exploration of the Characteristics of Right-Wing Civil Society Participants in Europe},
  type = {P.h.D Dissertation},
  year = 2019
}

@inproceedings{sabbagh2021schwartz,
  abstract = {Previous research has examined Hofstede's (1980; 2001) national cultural dimensions influencing the innovation performance of individuals, organisations and nations. With the recent urgency for sustainability, values-based innovation has focused on ethical concerns within corporate management. This paper extends the research on innovation and sustainability to the role of national culture as per Schwartz (1992; 2015, 2018) and its effect on the individual innovators and their activities towards sustainable development. Motivated by studies on cultural values and the urgency for the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to place individuals at the forefront of innovation activities, this paper uses research in social anthropology, values-based innovation and social innovation to theorize about national culture and the innovation performance of individuals towards the SDGs.},
  address = {Manchester},
  author = {Sabbagh, Khouloud},
  booktitle = {ISPIM Conference},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Schwartz' cultural values orientation: Influences on innovation towards the SDGs - ProQuest},
  url = {https://www.proquest.com/docview/2561108402?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true},
  year = 2021
}

@article{sarracino2025governments,
  abstract = {Despite its prominence in public discourse, economic growth does not translate into lasting improvements in well-being. To improve people’s lives, policymakers should shift their focus from economic growth to well-being. We provide example policies that could foster thriving, sustainable and inclusive societies.},
  author = {Sarracino, Francesco and O’Connor, Kelsey J.},
  doi = {10.1038/s41562-025-02277-4},
  issn = {2397-3374},
  journal = {Nature Human Behaviour},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {2003–2005},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Governments should prioritize well-being over economic growth},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02277-4},
  volume = 9,
  year = 2025
}

@article{randelovic2025morale,
  abstract = {Tax morale is a set of intrinsic, non-monetary factors that shape people's willingness to pay taxes even in the absence of coercion. Empirical studies show that close to a third of the variation in the shadow economy and tax evasion between countries can be explained by factors related to tax morale. This paper outlines stylized facts about tax morale in Serbia, measured using internationally comparable data from the seventh wave of the European Values Survey (EVS) 2017-2022. According to these results, about 78 percent of people in Serbia report a high level of tax morale - 9 percentage points below the EU average and 4.5 percentage points lower than the rest of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), which ranks Serbia 25th among 31 European countries. The level of tax morale depends on formal and informal institutions - the most important being trust in the government and satisfaction with the quality of public goods and services. EVS data indicate that the degree of citizens' trust in the government and the public sector in Serbia is close to the European median, and slightly below the EU and the CEE average. On the other hand, the World Bank data on the quality of governance show that the index of government effectiveness (which indicates the quality of public goods and services) in Serbia, which rose until 2017, is still significantly below the EU and CEE average - Serbia is ranked 30th among 36 European countries. For a more significant step forward in improving tax morale in Serbia in the long run, it is necessary to take systematic and comprehensive action in the direction of improving the quality and availability of public goods and services, enhancing the trust in the government through strengthening institutions and the rule of law, improving the fairness of the public finance system, increasing investment in fundamental public services such as education and health care, eliminating tax amnesties, and upholding a value system based on honesty.},
  author = {Ranđelović, Saša},
  doi = {10.5937/EKOPRE2502065R},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {0353443X},
  journal = {Ekonomika preduzeća},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {65-81},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Tax morale in Serbia: Stylized facts and policy considerations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5937/EKOPRE2502065R},
  volume = 73,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{gundelach2025complexity,
  abstract = {The chapter demonstrates how the complexity perspective produces new insights, compared to studies of change in religiosity that rely on conventional theories of secularization and individualization.. The analysis is based on longitudinal survey data on the Nordic countries from the European Values Study and the World Values Survey from 1990 to 2017. Five clusters of religiosities in the Nordic countries are identified: ‘nonbelievers’, ‘deists’, ‘uncertains’, ‘afterlife spirituals’ and ‘believers’. The focal relationship of the statistical analysis is the relationship between membership of a cluster and time, with a special focus on the impact of a respondent’s country of residence on their changes in religiosity. The chapter shows that the populations of the ‘nonbelievers’ and ‘afterlife spirituals’ clusters have increased in all countries, while those of believers, deists, and uncertains vary in interesting ways. The chapter also shows that many religious changes are ambiguous, reversible, and contradictory. These results challenge conventional theoretical narratives, illustrate the value of the complexity approach, and open doors to new understandings of changes in religiosity.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Gundelach, Peter and Andersen, Peter B.},
  booktitle = {Changing Religiosities in the Nordic Countries: A Complexity Perspective},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004736818_007},
  editor = {Andersen, Peter B. and Gundelach, Peter},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9789004736818},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {118-143},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A Complexity Analysis of Religiosity in the Nordic Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004736818_007},
  year = 2025
}

@article{late2024reuse,
  abstract = {The aim of this paper is to investigate the re-use of research data deposited in digital data archive in the social sciences. The study examines the quantity, type, and purpose of data downloads by analyzing enriched user log data collected from Swiss data archive. The findings show that quantitative datasets are downloaded increasingly from the digital archive and that downloads focus heavily on a small share of the datasets. The most frequently downloaded datasets are survey datasets collected by research organizations offering possibilities for longitudinal studies. Users typically download only one dataset, but a group of heavy downloaders form a remarkable share of all downloads. The main user group downloading data from the archive are students who use the data in their studies. Furthermore, datasets downloaded for research purposes often, but not always, serve to be used in scholarly publications. Enriched log data from data archives offer an interesting macro level perspective on the use and users of the services and help understanding the increasing role of repositories in the social sciences. The study provides insights into the potential of collecting and using log data for studying and evaluating data archive use.},
  author = {Late, Elina and Ochsner, Michael},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0303190},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-21},
  title = {Re-use of research data in the social sciences. Use and users of digital data archive},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303190},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2024
}

@phdthesis{park2021selective,
  abstract = {Selective avoidance has been conceptualized and most often analyzed as a mirror image of selective exposure since the origins of political communication research (Lazarsfeld, Berelson, \& Gaudet, 1948). However, recent studies have served to differentiate selective avoidance from selective exposure (Garrett, 2009a, 2009b; Garrett \& Stroud, 2014; Song, 2017; Tsfati, 2016), and the current project explores the selective avoidance phenomenon at the individual, global, and macro-social levels. Secondary analyses were conducted on three reputable global-level data sets (i.e., World Values Survey [1981-2020, N = 174,450], European Values Studies [1981-2020, N = 114,983] and Digital News Report [2019, N = 75,749]) using a wide range of univariate and multivariate procedures. Results show that politically interested people are less likely to avoid news and people on the extreme ranges of political ideology tend to avoid news across the globe. Macro-level cultural values did not serve as a moderator, but other factors (e.g., Freedom House Index, Internet penetration rate, and Urbanization rate) moderated the relationship between political interest and extremity and selective news avoidance in a series of post-hoc tests. Individuals’ affective reaction to the news (i.e., being worn out by news) significantly predicts selective news avoidance. Stepping away from a consistency-based theoretical foundation, the current study has introduced affect as a new theoretical avenue that can direct future research on selective avoidance.},
  address = {Ann Arbor},
  author = {Park, Esul},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Temple University},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Selective Avoidance of News: An Integrated Assessment at the Individual, Global, and Macro-Social Levels},
  type = {Ph.D.},
  url = {https://www.proquest.com/docview/2572287937/abstract/7624BDD699F24E7CPQ/1},
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{ochsner2021representativeness,
  address = {Lausanne},
  author = {Ochsner, Michael},
  institution = {FORS},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 15,
  pages = 20,
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Representativeness of surveys and its analysis},
  url = {https://forscenter.ch/fors-guides/representativeness-of-surveys-and-its-analysis/},
  year = 2021
}

@article{realo2025investigating,
  abstract = {This study investigates how general trust is measured and expressed across psychological and survey research, using diverse methods and levels of analysis. In Study 1, self- and informant-reports on the A1: Trust facet of the NEO PI-R/3 and the Single-Item General Trust (SIGT) scale were collected from a sample of 3232 adults. Study 2 compiled country-level aggregate scores for the same measures from various sources, covering 50 countries for self-reports and 49 for informant-reports. The two measures—SIGT and the A1: Trust facet—were significantly and positively correlated across both self- and informant-reports, and at both individual and country levels. They also exhibited broadly similar patterns across gender, age, and education. Taken together, the findings help bridge gaps in the literature by providing cross-disciplinary evidence for general trust as a construct and by identifying key similarities and differences in its measurement and demographic correlates across psychological and survey-based approaches.},
  author = {Realo, Anu and Allik, Jüri},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1177/08902070251389080},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1099-0984},
  journal = {European Journal of Personality},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Investigating the patterns and measurement of general trust across disciplines, methods, and levels of analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070251389080},
  year = 2025
}

@book{church2025spiritual,
  abstract = {Spiritual Intelligence is a groundbreaking exploration of how we are all hardwired for higher consciousness. Based on over 400 scientific studies, this transformative book reveals the brain's capacity to access states of bliss, compassion, and connection through what neuroscientists call the "Enlightenment Network." Whether through meditation, prayer, or peak performance "flow" states, author Dawson Church demonstrates how anyone can activate these circuits to create rapid and life-changing shifts in wellbeing and health. In Spiritual Intelligence, Church draws on decades of cutting-edge research, from Tibetan monks to peak-performing athletes, to show how activating these states rapidly rewires our neural networks for lasting joy, peace, and resilience. With vivid real-life examples such as Nelson Mandela, Joan of Arc, Mahatma Gandhi and Pope John Paul II, Church illustrates how spiritual intelligence (SQ) is not a vague ideal but an attainable skillset that shapes our brains for extraordinary happiness. This book is a must-read for seekers, parents, teachers, scientists, entrepreneurs, athletes and leaders—anyone looking to elevate their consciousness and reduce stress. It shows how SQ combines clear inner purpose with passionate engagement with life. Packed with actionable insights and powerful practices, Spiritual Intelligence shows you how to access the power of your brain to create enduring happiness while contributing to the greater good.},
  address = {Petaluma},
  author = {Church, Dawson},
  isbn = {9781604152968},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Energy Psychology Group},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Spiritual Intelligence: Activating the 4 Circuits of the Awakened Brain},
  url = {https://www.amazon.de/-/en/Spiritual-Intelligence-Activating-Circuits-Awakened/dp/160415294X?asin=160415294X&revisionId=&format=4&depth=1},
  year = 2025
}

@article{siegel2025minority,
  abstract = {Objective: This study tested whether exposure to minority stress and structural stigma across multiple levels of the family system were associated with two indicators of well-being (life satisfaction, depressive symptoms) in LGBTQ+ parents across 19 European countries. Background: Minority stress (i.e., identity-based stress resulting from systemic oppression) and structural stigma (i.e., hostile legal environments, prejudicial social attitudes) are heterogeneous, yet well-documented risk factors of reduced well-being within LGBTQ+ populations. However, a comprehensive assessment stratifying both concepts across multiple levels of the family system (i.e., the individual, couple, and family level) is lacking for LGBTQ+ parents. Method: Using data from the EU LGBTI Survey 2019, a sample of 3808 LGBTQ+ parents from 19 European countries was analyzed. Associations between self-reported minority stress indicators, objective structural stigma indicators, sociodemographic predictors, and well-being were tested using non-linear, machine learning-based techniques (gradient boosted decision tree models). Results: Supporting preregistered hypotheses, exposure to individual-level minority stress and individual- and family-level structural stigma predicted life satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Couple-level minority stress predicted life satisfaction, but not depressive symptoms, and family-level minority stress predicted neither. Trans parents and those facing economic burdens were particularly vulnerable to low well-being. Conclusions: Exposure to minority stress and structural stigma, particularly within highly stigmatizing regions, are risk factors for LGBTQ+ parents' well-being. Future research should examine the role of family-level minority stress using validated measures.},
  author = {Siegel, Magdalena and Steyrl, David and Goldberg, Abbie E. and Nicholson, Andrew A. and Zemp, Martina},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1111/jomf.13071},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {1741-3737},
  journal = {Journal of Marriage and Family},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1009-1037},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Minority stress and structural stigma predict well-being in European LGBTQ+ parents},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13071},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{pelgrum2022determinants,
  abstract = {In this study, the groundbreaking quantification method of the trust radius of Delhey, Newton and Welzel (2011) is followed, and is analyzed over time. For the first time the trust radius is analyzed across multiple countries and time periods, resulting in a panel data analysis. Three exogenous societal events have been identified that are deemed to be powerful enough to determine the trust radius over time. These three determinants are corruption, terrorism and economic prosperity. The last three WVS waves are used to measure the radius, resulting in a dataset that covers 65 different countries with two or three radius observations. A fixed effects analysis is conducted in order to answer the research question of whether we can identify the medium-term determinants of the trust radius. The panel analysis does not produce conclusive results to support the hypotheses regarding time-variant determinants. The results do leave an increase amount of criticism behind regarding the quantification method over time. The cross-sectional side analysis does find support for the previously found relationship between individualism and the radius of trust.},
  address = {Nijmegen},
  author = {Pelgrum, Maarten},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Radboud Universiteit},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Determinants of the Trust Radius: A Panel Data Analysis},
  type = {Mastersthesis},
  url = {https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/14061},
  year = 2022
}

@inproceedings{guglielmi2024civic,
  abstract = {The rise of national-populist parties in Europe and the challenge to liberal democracy are recurring themes in contemporary politics. Successful parties mobilize around populist and nationalist issues (Hutter and Kriesi, 2021). This political rhetoric increasingly reflects nationalism characterized by the division and contrast between natives and foreigners. This trend is encapsulated by the motto "Co-national first!", suggesting a nativist conception of the nation and viewing diversity as a threat. In this sense, opposition to immigrants and support for discriminatory measures seem to intertwine with attempts to construct and/or reaffirm a collective identity around an ethnically majoritarian conception of national identity (Kaufmann, 2019). Empirical evidence based on cross-national survey data indicates that public opinion's conceptions emphasizing "ethnic" (or ascribed) elements of the nation foster the emergence of negative attitudes towards foreigners. However, the question of those who adopt conceptions more oriented towards a "civic political" commonality is more complex. Even though they may generally support more inclusive attitudes towards foreigners, the significance and intensity of this positive effect vary depending on the operational definitions adopted and the national contexts investigated. Against this background, this paper aims to contribute theoretically and empirically tothe topic. The main claim of the paper is that civic conceptions of national identity might contribute to native favoritism directly and indirectly, as they highlight factors such as perceived threats and distrust of foreigners, which contribute to a deteriorating climate of intergroup relations. Empirically, hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) on survey data from the last wave of EVS – European Values Study (2017). EVS is a large-scale, cross-national, repeated cross-sectional survey research program on basic human values. },
  address = {Florianopolis},
  author = {Guglielmi, Simona},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the II International Conference: Political and Economic Self-Constitution: Migration, Inequalities and Discrimination},
  editor = {Bondarevska, Irina and Giacomozzi, Andréia Isabel and Karakatsani, Despina},
  eventdate = {07.06.-08.06.2024},
  eventtitle = {International Conference Political and Economic Self-constitution: migration, inequalities and discrimination},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-85-8328-324-9},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {61-64},
  publisher = {University of the Peloponnese},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Does the Civic Conception of Nationhood Protect Against Negative Attitudes Towards Immigrants?},
  url = {https://sites.google.com/view/pesc2024/proceedings},
  venue = {University of the Peloponnese},
  year = 2024
}

@article{badaoui2025culturalpolicy,
  abstract = {This article explores the diversity of cultural and policy contexts in Western European countries and examines their role in explaining the persistent and heterogeneous motherhood penalty. Using harmonized European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data from 13 countries, the analysis spans 2006 to 2022 and provides average and distributional results. The findings reveal a motherhood penalty in 10 countries, with the highest levels observed in Sweden, Norway, Germany, and Austria. For these countries, quantile regressions show a decreasing motherhood penalty along the earnings distribution. The empirical analysis further sheds light on how work–family policies, culture, minimum wages, and wage-setting institutions mediate the role of motherhood on women's earnings. The results indicate that while work–family policies promote female employment, they do not significantly mitigate the motherhood penalty. In contrast, higher minimum wages and more coordinated and centralized wage bargaining are more effective in reducing the motherhood penalty, particularly in the lower segment of the earnings distribution. More traditional gender roles and cultural values emphasizing masculinity, individualism, and power distance are associated with a lower motherhood penalty.},
  author = {Badaoui, Eliane and Matteazzi, Eleonora},
  doi = {10.1111/kykl.70013},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {00235962},
  journal = {Kyklos},
  keywords = {2026 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {53-69},
  study = {EU-SILC 2007-2023},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Cultural‐Policy Framework and Mothers' Earnings Penalty: A European Comparison},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.70013},
  volume = 79,
  year = 2026
}

@inproceedings{bur2025edith,
  address = {Pécs},
  author = {Bur, Laurence},
  booktitle = {Europe: Spiritual Resources For The Future International Congress Of The European Society For Catholic Theology},
  editor = {Kovács, Gusztáv and Szalay, Mátyás},
  eventdate = {30.08.-02.09.2023},
  eventtitle = {Theological College Of Pécs},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {127-139},
  publisher = {Theological College of Pécs},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Edith Stein (1891-1942), a spiritual resource for Europe},
  url = {https://www.esct.hu/blog/},
  venue = {Pécs},
  year = 2025
}

@article{graafland2025gender,
  abstract = {Gender equality has been found to positively affect life satisfaction. However, the reason why gender equality affects life satisfaction remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we hypothesize three mediators for this relationship: individual autonomy, income per capita, and generalized trust. All three variables have been found to positively affect life satisfaction. We argue that each mediator may, in turn, depend positively on gender equality, suggesting that individual autonomy, income per capita, and generalized trust positively mediate the relationship between gender equality and life satisfaction. Using a sample of 81 countries from 1990 to 2020, we find that individual autonomy and income per capita are important channels that together explain 98% of the total relationship between gender equality and life satisfaction. While the mediation effect of individual autonomy is robust, the significance of income per capita is less consistent when using alternative estimation techniques. For generalized trust we do not find evidence of mediation.},
  author = {Graafland, Johan and Schilpzand, Annemiek},
  doi = {10.1007/s10902-024-00850-8},
  issn = {15737780},
  journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-27},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Gender Equality and Life Satisfaction: A Mediation Model with Individual Autonomy, Income Per Capita and Trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00850-8},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{brink2016europe,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Brink, Gabriël van den},
  booktitle = {Moral Sentiments in Modern Society: A New Answer to Classical Questions},
  editor = {Brink, Gabriël van den},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-90-8964-775-7},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {319-342},
  publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Europe and modern morality},
  year = 2016
}

@techreport{akaeda2022consequences,
  abstract = {The present study uses benefit recipiency data and three dimensions of welfare transfers, namely, transfer share, low-income targeting, and universalism, to clarify the more detailed effects of social policies on subjective well-being and well-being inequality. This analysis utilizes benefit recipiency data from the Luxembourg Income Study Database, pooled data from the World Values Survey from 1981 to 2022, and a two-way fixed-effects model to explore the effects of these three dimensions of welfare transfers on life satisfaction and of the cross-level interactions of the welfare transfer variables and household income on life satisfaction. The results of this study indicate that (1) transfer share is positively associated with life satisfaction and (2) low- income targeting shortens the well-being inequality stemming from income but at the cost of life satisfaction among rich individuals.},
  address = {Luxembourg},
  author = {Akaeda, Naomi},
  institution = {Luxembourg Income Study (LIS)},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english},
  language = {english},
  number = 846,
  pages = {1-56},
  series = {Working paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Consequences of Social Policy for Subjective Well-Being: A New Paradox?},
  url = {https://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/846.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@inproceedings{gabrielli2025profiling,
  abstract = {As immigration flows to European Union countries increased, the shares of natives partnering immigrants also grew. The partners’ markets changed, becoming more complex and heterogenous given the higher availability of individuals coming from other origins. Therefore, also the assortative mating landscape of host countries changed, becoming more diversified. Research on mixed unions (marriages or cohabitations between a native and an immigrant partner) in Europe has a tradition of at least three decades, but studies applying a multi-country perspective are still lacking. The principal aim of this article is to characterize mixed unions (against homogamous native or foreign-born unions) according to their matching patterns (in terms of educational attainment and employment status). We apply multinomial logistic regressions to data from the European Values Study 2017/2020 allowing to distinguish native and foreign-born respondents according to their partners’ origin. Our findings point out significant differences in educational-assortative mating according to the type of union and the gender of the respondent.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Gabrielli, Giuseppe and García-Pereiro, Thaís and Paterno, Anna},
  booktitle = {Statistics for Innovation III: SIS 2025, Short Papers, Contributed Sessions 2},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-95995-0_45},
  editor = {Bella, Enrico di and Gioia, Vincenzo and Lagazio, Corrado and Zaccarin, Susanna},
  eventdate = {16.06.-18.06.2025},
  eventtitle = {SIS 2025},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783031959950},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {268-273},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Profiling Mixed Unions’ Assortative Mating in European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-95995-0_45},
  venue = {Genoa},
  year = 2025
}

@article{emesebeata2024pitfalls,
  abstract = {Family and work have been two fundamental values of humans since ancient times. Building a career and a family life, taking professional and parental roles need to assume different responsibilities. Functioning between these two environments requires awareness and prioritisation of the values and roles. In this social, historical study, I focused on the (dis)functionalities and conflicts between work and family environments, using a qualitative methodology: through a Biblical document content analysis, I designed a family case study focusing on human dual roles and social functionality, a mission/career, and a family review of Moses’ life from the Old Testament in the time of the Exodus of Israel people from Egypt. My research questions were: 1. How did Moses’ career/mission evolve? 2. How does his work/mission affect his family life? 3. How did he change his work style throughout his mission/career? Moses’ family lifestyle, his career/mission, and the social context in which he (or his family and nation) lived changed fundamentally many times, and they experimented with challenges and crises at different social levels. I concluded that the conflict between these social environments existed in biblical times. The mentoring and counselling intervention from a trusted person was successful. Moses reprioritised and restructured his mission and work roles (appointed trustworthy leaders and delegated a big part of his work) so that his procreated family would be safe and close to him.},
  author = {Emese-Beáta, Berti},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.51917/dialogo.2024.11.1.9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2393-1744},
  journal = {Dialogo: Journal of the Dialogue between Science & Theology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {145-152},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Pitfalls Between the Family Lifestyle and the Professional Career or Mission: Examining A Biblical Family Case Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.51917/dialogo.2024.11.1.9},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2024
}

@article{goh2025environmental,
  abstract = {Environmental organizations are key players in navigating society towards sustainability, yet existing studies are constrained in exploring the conditions under which these organizations can effectively contribute to mitigating climate change. This study leverages the inherent variance within the network structure of domestic civil society to assess the centrality of environmental organizations and their consequential impact on national carbon emissions, focusing on the intricate dynamics of urbanization. Using social network analysis and fixed effects regression models for 87 countries from 1990 to 2022, the findings reveal that the higher network centrality of environmental organizations in more urbanized settings reduces overall carbon emissions, per capita emissions, and carbon emissions per unit of GDP, while the central positioning of environmental organizations does not contribute to reducing emissions in less urbanized countries. Furthermore, case studies of Brazil and the Netherlands—two nations exhibiting comparable levels of urbanization—underscore that environmental organizations with more affiliations and ties to larger associations can effectively influence a nation’s trajectory of carbon emissions. In conclusion, this study posits that the strategic positioning of environmental organizations within civil society is crucial for their influence in steering sustainable transitions, with urban development amplifying their impact.},
  author = {Goh, Taekyeong},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1080/23251042.2025.2524923},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {23251042},
  journal = {Environmental Sociology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Environmental organizations, urbanization, and the carbon emissions of nations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2025.2524923},
  year = 2025
}

@article{christensen2025evolved,
  abstract = {This study examines the prevalence, patterns, and demographic correlates of supernatural beliefs among 2,204 Danish adults, using data from a large-scale online survey conducted between November 2017 and February 2018. Despite Denmark’s reputation as a highly secular and educated society, supernatural beliefs remain notably widespread, ranging from 0.3% (vampires) and 12.3% (angels) to 30.1% (psychic essence). Belief in supernatural phenomena is not randomly distributed but forms meaningful clusters, including spirituality, magical thinking, metaphysical beliefs, openness to alternative beliefs, and scientific beliefs—the latter being negatively correlated with all supernatural categories. Findings reveal strong associations between belief patterns and demographic factors: Women exhibit significantly higher levels of supernatural belief than men, who show stronger belief in science; higher educational attainment is linked to slightly lower levels of supernatural belief; and religious affiliation strongly predicts belief tendencies, with nonreligious individuals reporting the lowest levels of supernatural belief and highest scientific belief. These patterns align with theories from evolutionary psychology, suggesting that supernatural beliefs stem from evolved cognitive biases such as patternicity and agenticity, which can be influenced—but not entirely overridden—by cultural and educational structures. Cross-cultural comparisons indicate that while supernatural beliefs are relatively common in Denmark, they are less prevalent than in countries like the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. These results underscore the importance of cultural context in shaping belief systems and highlight the persistence of supernatural thinking even in secular societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)},
  author = {Christensen, Ken Ramshøj and Clasen, Mathias},
  doi = {10.1037/ebs0000386},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {2330-2933},
  journal = {Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Evolved minds in a secular world: A large-scale survey of supernatural beliefs in Denmark},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000386},
  year = 2025
}

@article{nutakki2025there,
  abstract = {Over the past few years, Twitter (now X) has become an influential platform for political discourse. However, prior research suggests that Twitter may be biased towards right-wing content. Following the change in ownership in October 2022, there have been several changes to Twitter’s policies, particularly in content flagging and Twitter Blue Verification. Understanding how any shifts in outcomes vary across different political ideologies is important for comprehending the evolving political discourse, especially given recent developments. To explore this issue, we examine shifts in engagement (characterized by likes and retweets) for political figures before and after November 2022, focusing on describing how engagement has changed over time. We perform a global analysis by collecting tweets from 6550 accounts belonging to political leaders and parties from twelve countries among the ones with the highest user activity on the platform, namely, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States, between June 2021 and June 2023. Our findings indicate that the number of likes on political tweets increased after November 2022. However, we observe that the number of retweets decreased significantly, along with a marginal decrease in the likes-to-retweet ratio, with no statistically significant difference between the Left and the Right. Our study is the first to offer a global perspective by examining how platform engagement has shifted during the Musk Era. To support further research, we release the data on politicians and parties used in this study, with their Twitter data available upon request.},
  author = {Nutakki, Brahmani and Navarrete, Rosa M. and Carteny, Giuseppe and Weber, Ingmar},
  doi = {10.51685/jqd.2025.004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-36},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Is there anything Left?: A Global Analysis on Changes in Engagement with Political Content on Twitter in the Musk Era},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.51685/jqd.2025.004},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{berniell2021motherhood,
  abstract = {In this paper we show that motherhood triggers changes in the allocation of talent in the labor market besides the well-known effects on gender gaps in employment and earnings. We use an event study approach with retrospective data for 29 countries drawn from SHARE to assess the labor market responses to motherhood across groups with different educational attainment, math ability by the age of 10, and personality traits. We find that while even the most talented women— both in absolute terms and relative to their husbands—leave the labor market or uptake part-time jobs after the birth of the first child, all men, including the least talented, stay employed. We also find that motherhood induces a negative selection of talents into self-employment. Overall, our results suggest relevant changes in the allocation of talent caused by gender differences in nonmarket responsibilities that can have sizable impacts on aggregate market productivity. We also show that the size of labor market responses to motherhood are larger in societies with more conservative social-norms or with weaker policies regarding work-life balance.},
  address = {Bonn},
  author = {Berniell, Maria Ines and Berniell, Lucila and la Mata, Dolores and Edo, María and Fawaz, Yarine and Machado, Matilde Pinto and Marchionni, Mariana},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3874363},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA4800},
  institution = {IZA – Institute of Labor Economics},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 14491,
  pages = 42,
  series = {IZA Discussion Paper},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Motherhood and the Allocation of Talent},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3874363},
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{gamalerio2021political,
  abstract = {Institutions matter for the political choice of policies, and hence the consideration of the median voter's preferences should not be considered sufficient. We study theoretically and empirically how different electoral systems affect the level of openness of a country or city, zooming on the labor market as the main source of heterogeneous economic preferences towards immigration. The general result is that a polity is more open to immigration the less likely it is that policy making can be supported by a plurality of voters who do not constitute the absolute majority. There is evidence for this result at all levels in terms of correlations, and we establish causality via regression discontinuity design for the Italian case.},
  address = {Milano},
  author = {Gamalerio, Matteo and Morelli, Massimo and Negri, Margherita},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3796800},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {Bocconi University},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 157,
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Political Economy of Open Borders: Theory and Evidence on the Role of Electoral Rules},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3796800},
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{blonde2021measurement,
  abstract = {The development of reliable and valid measures is a major challenge for gender-related research. Nonetheless, it is a necessary effort to undertake in order to assess gender inequalities accurately and pinpoint explanatory variables. Drawing on a social-psychological perspective that underscores the role of attitude, identity, and individual experience in examining gender issues, the present paper provides a brief review of the measures most commonly used to assess sexism, gender identity, and perceived gender-based discrimination. In addition, we offer suggestions for short measurement scales with the hope that sexism, gender identity, and gender discrimination can be included more extensively in large-scale opinion surveys.},
  address = {Lausanne},
  author = {Blondé, Jérôme and Gianettoni, Lavinia and Gross, Dinah and Guilley, Edith},
  institution = {FPRS},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = 32,
  series = {Working Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Measurement of Sexism, Gender Identity, and Perceived Gender Discrimination: A Brief Overview and Suggestions for Short Scales},
  url = {https://forscenter.ch/working-papers/measurement-of-sexism-gender-identity-and-perceived-gender-discrimination-a-brief-overview-and-suggestions-for-short-scales/},
  year = 2021
}

@article{jeziorska2025years,
  abstract = {Europe has been the first home for the harm reduction movement, acknowledging its values and principles relatively early, although not without challenges. Built on successful experiences starting in the early 1980s, some pioneering European countries committed, invested in and implemented a broad spectrum of harm reduction services over the years. The HIV/AIDS epidemic helped to establish a broader recognition of the effectiveness of harm reduction policies in other countries as well by the mid-1990s. However, we argue that the adoption of harm reduction is lagging behind in important ways, leading to uneven and poor implementation of services. In this perspective-paper, we highlight some reasons that may have contributed to this, and we explore how multiple societal trends and the current conceptualisation of harm reduction have hindered further acceptance and implementation. We do this by revealing assumptions underlying the concept of harm reduction. Finally, we explore how we may move harm reduction forward as a field.},
  author = {Jeziorska, Iga and Martinelli, Thomas F. and Kools, John-Peter},
  doi = {10.1186/s12954-025-01200-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {14777517},
  journal = {Harm Reduction Journal},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {50 years of harm reduction in Europe: high time for transformation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01200-4},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2025
}

@book{dunham2025beyond,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Dunham, Rohan Leslie},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Ridderprint},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Beyond Beauty: How Social Context Shapes Artistic Creation, Reception, and Impact},
  year = 2025
}

@article{karim2024agnosticism,
  abstract = {Nonbelief is increasing in secular countries. Among the nonreligious/nonbelievers (hereafter nonbelievers), agnostics differ from atheists in terms of underlying psychological characteristics. Can agnosticism be considered as a transient stance from religion to atheism? Using EVS data from 18 Western European countries, we investigated this question both cross-sectionally and across three waves (EVS 1999 to 2017). Cross-sectionally, in more secular societies, the proportion of atheists among the nonbelievers is higherâ€”and agnosticsâ€™ one lower. Across time, from 1999 to 2017, in most countries, the proportion of agnostics among nonbelievers decreasedâ€”and inversely the one of atheists increased, a pattern that followed secularization and seemed common across age groups. Nevertheless, the proportion of agnostics remain important. These findings suggest that the more secularism/nonbelief becomes socially normative, the more people become or â€œcome outâ€ as clear atheists. Agnosticism seems partly a transient convictional status from faith to atheism and partly a sui-generis category.},
  author = {Karim, Moïse and Saroglou, Vassilis},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {1461-7404},
  journal = {Social Compass: international review of sociology of religion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {127-141},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Does agnosticism precede atheism? Investigating the question in the context of Western European countries},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/293618},
  volume = 72,
  year = 2025
}

@article{potrafke2025online,
  abstract = {Does social media or real-life social contacts overcome collective action problems more effectively, when both types of networks are prevalent? We investigate non-violent protests against an economic reform in Austria—a country where one in two citizens uses Facebook but also one in two citizens is a member of a local club or civic organization. The reform only affected individual municipalities, while others remained unaffected. Our results show that protests spread more in reform-affected municipalities with strong offline networks such as village, folklore, or dialect clubs. We do not find that social media penetration intensifies local protests. Descriptive evidence from microdata corroborate these findings. We conclude that offline networks remain important in local contexts, even in an increasingly digital world.},
  author = {Potrafke, Niklas and Roesel, Felix},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106856},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {0167-2681},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Online versus offline: Which networks spur protests?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106856},
  volume = 229,
  year = 2025
}

@inproceedings{chuang2021application,
  abstract = {Organizational behavior in different countries and cultures has been the focus of studies in recent years. Following a literature review, we find that there are many different perspectives and features in the related cross-cultural studies. However, whether the analysis methods of these different cultural dimensions can fit into the increasingly complex and diverse topics of cross-cultural studies have not been determined, which is also a topic of great interest to scholars. Therefore, this study integrates the previous cross-cultural literature and aims to construct an analysis model of cross-national culture with multiple dimensions from three important cultural dimension theoretical models commonly used in cross-cultural studies: Hofstede, Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) and World Values Survey (WVS). Traditional statistical analysis seems to be unable to solve the problem of the integration of relevant scales and units in different dimensions of cultural analysis. Therefore, this study uses a self-organizing map (SOM) as an analysis method to integrate 17 cultural variables from this multicultural dimension for cluster analysis and explains the cultural types in 26 countries based on the results. This study explores the differences and similarities of different countries in different cultural dimension analyses and provides a comparative model of multicultural analysis. This study takes samples from three cross-cultural analysis databases as data sources and employs the self-organizing map for analysis based on a neural network algorithm that can be used for type discrimination, map analysis, process monitoring, and error analysis. The results identify the cross-cultural groups of 26 countries and reveal their key cultural similarities and differences. We also elaborate upon the findings of these cultural characteristics and multi-cultural dimensions. The signification of this study is presented as a reference for subsequent studies of transnational and cross-cultural analysis and its applications.},
  author = {Chuang, Li-Ming and Lee, Yu-Po and Chao, Shu-Tsung},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Application of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) to Analyze the Multiple Perspectives on Cross-National Culture},
  year = 2021
}

@book{brgles2025creation,
  abstract = {The Catholic Social Teaching (CST) Rome Exchange: Advanced Training Experience (CREATE) is the new initiative of the Faculty of Social Science (FASS) at the Pontifical University Saint Thomas Aquinas – Angelicum in Rome. Currently focused on Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), it provides ways for students and experts in Catholic social teaching (CST) to access resources and training in Rome, so as to develop their knowledge and their capability in using CST for resolving problems faced in their local reality. Catholic social teaching Rome Exchange: Advanced Training Experience – starts from two basic ideas: (1) Catholic social thought is a powerful resource in the mission of the Church today, but often it needs to be more widely known and better operationalised in practical situations;  (2) Rome is a centre for the development of Catholic social thought; by bringing students and experts to Rome for short or longer stays, we can help them to improve their knowledge of CST and practical skills in implementing it, while ensuring that they stay connected with their home region.},
  address = {Venezia},
  author = {Brgles, Miriam Mary},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Marcianum Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Creation and care: young people, vulnerable gropus, and integral lifestyles},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{klingenberg2025belief,
  abstract = {This chapter focuses on ‘the middle ground’ religiosity in the Nordic countries: people who profess neither committed religious belief, yet have not abandoned religion. In line with Voas’ conceptualization, we use data from the European Value Survey to identify this fuzzy middle ground, using responses about belief in God to construct four categories: strong, remote, detached, and non-believers. Not only do we find that these categories are associated with distinct response patterns for items such as prayer and religious self-identification, but also, a distinct fuzzy belief pattern characterizes each Nordic country.},
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Klingenberg, Maria and Lundmark, Evelina},
  booktitle = {Changing Religiosities in the Nordic Countries: A Complexity Perspective},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004736818_004},
  editor = {Andersen, Peter B. and Gundelach, Peter},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9789004736818},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {71-85},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Belief in an Irrelevant God: Exploring Fuzzy Belief in the Nordic Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004736818_004},
  year = 2025
}

@article{daubler2024public,
  abstract = {A shift in public attitudes towards gender equality may explain improvements we have witnessed in women's descriptive representation. However, existing studies rely on cross-sectional comparisons, likely beset with confounding problems. To examine the causal effect of public attitudes on candidate selection, we draw on data from more than 10,000 candidacies across four European Parliament elections (1999-2014). Using a difference-in-differences approach, we compare nomination decisions in countries with major attitude changes between elections to those in the control group. We find no evidence that shifts towards more egalitarian gender attitudes lead to an increase in women candidates, neither overall nor in subgroups by electoral system or socio-cultural party positions. The heterogeneity of effects across time and space appears to be a plausible explanation for our findings.},
  author = {Däubler, Thomas and Lühiste, Maarja and Chiru, Mihail},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1177/14651165241299111},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {14651165},
  journal = {European Union Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {45-65},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017},
  title = {Do public attitudes on gender equality affect candidate selection in proportional representation systems? Evidence from European Parliament elections},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/14651165241299111},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{bohret2021superwoman,
  abstract = {According to previous research, many women aim for a sense of self-determination in birth and want to actively engage in the process of giving birth (Waldenstrom et al., 2006; Westergren et al., 2019). However, narratives of birth, socio-structural aspects, and biases can hinder the ex-perience of a self-determined birth (Torres and Vries, 2009; Blumenthal-Barby, 2016) and in-crease the risk of negative birth experiences, trauma, and unassisted childbirths in the future (O’Brien et al., 2018; Holten and Miranda, 2016; Reed et al., 2017). This dissertation explored one aspect that could support the maternal experience of self-determination in birth, yet, has rarely been discussed in this context: the role of antenatal education. Most women in Western countries participate in antenatal classes to increase their knowledge and confidence in giving birth (Hebammengemeinschaftshilfe e.V, 2012). Access to information, support in decision-making, and empowerment are important aspects of self-determination and can be strengthened in antenatal classes. However, there is also a risk that one-sided narratives or the provision of biased information negatively influences women’s experience of self-determination (Crossley, 2007; Malacrida, 2015). Based on a literature review and a qualitative case study, it can be concluded that aspects of self-determination and the effects of antenatal education are experienced in a highly individual way. The results indicate that while most women want choice and control in birth, their expec-tations and experience of self-determination are shaped by personal experiences, socio-cultural factors, and their dependency on their care-providers (Ebert et al., 2014; Westergren et al., 2019). For example, many women express a need for support and guidance in decision-making (Declercq et al., 2013; Torres and Vries, 2009). Therefore, medical care-taker must ensure that women can exercise their right to self-determination on the one hand, and are not left alone with it on the other hand (Desery, 2019). This accounts for the relational aspect of autonomy and the notion that people can never be self-governing in isolation (Lozano, 2004). Antenatal education has the potential to increase women’s self-determination in birth by fostering trust in both, “those who participate in their decision-making and their own judgment and capacities” (Kukla et al., 2009, p. 7). The case study has highlighted that, for example, a deepened under-standing of the birthing process and personal encouragement can support choice and control in birth. It is concluded that in order to support the experience of self-determination in birth, an-tenatal education needs to be person-centred by taking the individual needs, concerns, and de-sires of each woman into account instead of promoting one “right” way to give birth.},
  address = {Passau},
  author = {Böhret, Ines},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Passau},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {"Like Superwoman" A Case study on the Effects of Antenatal Education on the Experience of Self- Determination in Birth},
  url = {http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.2.30524.97925},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{pollack2025vorzge,
  address = {Freiburg},
  author = {Pollack, Detlef},
  booktitle = {Christsein in der Minderheit: Debatten zur 6. Kirchenmitgliedschaftsuntersuchung},
  editor = {Kläden, Tobias},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA4950},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {96-110},
  publisher = {Herder},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {Vorzüge und Schwächen der quantitativ arbeitenden Religionssoziologie. Ein Kommentar zur 6. KMU und ihrer kirchlichen und theologischen Rezeption},
  year = 2025
}

@article{walczak2025associations,
  abstract = {This study examines the relationship between attitudes toward refugees and three forms of capital—economic, cultural, and social—through the lens of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of habitus reproduction. Utilizing social distance as a measure of attitudes toward Ukrainian and Southwest Asian refugees, the research posits that these groups differ in cultural proximity to European societies and present distinct challenges to integration policies due to varying scales of inflow. Data were collected from random samples of emerging adults in Greece (n=327) and Poland (n=554). Findings indicate that higher perceived cultural distance correlates with greater social distance. Greek participants exhibited more inclusive attitudes compared to their Polish counterparts. While economic capital did not significantly predict social distance, hierarchical linear modeling revealed associations with social capital—particularly its bridging form—and inherited cultural capital. These results support Bourdieu’s concept of habitus reproduction within the family and offer insights into young adults’ attitudes toward refugees.},
  author = {Walczak, Bartłomiej and Jakubowska-Branicka, Iwona and Lampas, Nikolaos},
  doi = {10.5604/01.3001.0055.1756},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {2719-4078},
  journal = {Studia z Teorii Wychowania},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {159-180},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The associations between economic, social and cultural capital and social distance towards refugees: A comparative study of emerging adults in Greece and Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.1756},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2025
}

@inproceedings{garciapereiro2025health,
  abstract = {The increase of mixed unions and, consequently, of mixed families, has recently triggered the attention of researchers. However, only some studies focused on differences in the health status of individuals according to the type of partnership and were mostly centered on interracial couples. This article explores whether and how the self-declared health status of native and foreign-born individuals changes according to the origin of their partner (native or foreign-born), using EVS2017 data and applying binary regression models. Results show that among men, native respondents in a mixed couple are more likely to have a poor or very poor health status than their counterparts in a native couple. Foreign-born men partnered with foreign-born women are those showing the highest likelihood of reporting a poor or very poor health status, while the contrary holds for their women counterparts.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {García-Pereiro, Thaís and Paterno, Anna and Spijker, Jeroen},
  booktitle = {Methodological and Applied Statistics and Demography II},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-64350-7_57},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  isbn = {9783031643507},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {336-342},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Health Status and Type of Couple: A First Glance Across European Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64350-7_57},
  year = 2025
}

@article{henz2025socioeconomic,
  abstract = {The growing number of people aged 80 or older living in the community has raised concerns about meeting their care needs and about socio-economic inequalities in their care use. The study examines socio-economic status (SES) patterns in informal and formal care use, as well as unmet care needs, of people aged 80 or older living in the community in Germany and England. We propose that SES patterns in care use change with the intensity of care needs. The analyses use data from the Survey of Quality of Life and Well-Being of the Very Old in North Rhine-Westphalia and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Despite the differences in the long-term care systems (LTCSs) and cultural norms around filial obligations, we find a consistent pattern of association between socio-economic status (SES) and care use for older people with only few care needs in both countries. In this group, people with a higher SES have the highest likelihood of experiencing unmet care needs. For older people with many care needs, we find country-specific SES patterns that we link to cultural differences and the design of the LTCSs. In Germany, SES is negatively associated with using informal care and positively with using formal care. In England, care use shows little SES variation for older people with many care needs. The findings underscore the importance of considering the intensity of care needs when assessing inequalities in care access.},
  author = {Henz, Ursula and Wagner, Michael},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.1007/s10433-025-00864-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  issn = {16139380},
  journal = {European Journal of Ageing},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Socio-economic differences in receiving care by the over-80s in Germany and England: intensity of care needs as a moderator},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-025-00864-y},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2025
}

@article{heizmann2025enough,
  abstract = {Survey data harmonization can greatly improve the analytical potentials of survey data by making divergent measurements of the same construct comparable. While there may often be ideas on what is the optimal harmonization strategy (e.g. imputation or equipercentile equating), these approaches are not always feasible e.g. due to data-based restrictions or the lack of a suitable reference sample. Therefore, sometimes there is only a set of second-best strategies, such as linear equating or linear stretching, with no clear idea which of these should be given preference. The present paper takes this situation as a starting point and investigates the substantive consequences of different alternatives for a typical harmonization scenario using real-world survey data. Divergent substantive consequences are understood as differences in obtained analytical result patterns. Do the actual scientific conclusions differ when different harmonization approaches are employed? Results based on a variety of regression scenarios indicate that most substantive conclusions are obtained regardless of the harmonization approach chosen, but that harmonization procedures entailing an information loss due to recoding variables into smaller sets of categories should be avoided. Overall, this suggests that research based on sub-optimally harmonized scales can also yield valid scientific insights.},
  author = {Heizmann, Boris},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897 ; 10.4232/1.13322},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-025-02060-7},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA6980 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1573-7845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1369–1392},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2017},
  title = {Good enough? A comparison of different harmonization procedures and their substantive consequences using the example of life satisfaction},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02060-7},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2025
}

@article{trigueroroura2025threatening,
  abstract = {Existing literature has found that there is a negative effect of increased immigration on native support for redistributive policies. In this paper, I refocus the debate from ’immigrants’ to ‘natives’ and I argue that this negative effect is moderated by how strongly the ‘nation’ is understood as an ethnic category by natives. Using data from 30 European countries and 270 regions, I show that the negative association between the share of immigration and support for welfare is driven by those who imagine the nation in ethnic terms. Moreover, I show that this is not purely driven by a desire to protect natives in the face of all newcomers, but rather ethnic nationalists’ support for welfare policies is only sensitive to non-European foreign-born populations, even after controlling for the education level of these populations. This suggests that ethnic nationalism, more than xenophobia, is the mechanism behind this solidarity retraction. These findings have important consequences for understanding how the rise of the right-wing in Europe, which activates ethnic nationalism, can have consequences for the European welfare states, and in turn, for national cohesion and solidarity.},
  author = {Triguero Roura, Mireia},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcaf007},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {02667215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Threatening for whom? National boundary-making, immigration, and support for the welfare state},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaf007},
  year = 2025
}

@article{ponte2025facetoface,
  abstract = {This paper analyzes data from the European Social Survey (ESS), collected during the COVID-19 pandemic across 31 countries, to examine intergenerational family communication among individuals aged 45–54 with both their children and parents. We address two research questions: What similarities and differences emerge across European countries in terms of physical and emotional proximity and forms of intergenerational communication? Which mediated communication channels are most and least used with parents and children, and are there any gender differences? The ESS’s large-scale, nationally representative design enables nuanced gender-based and cross-country comparisons of face-to-face, telephone, audiovisual, and other digital interactions. Results show that, despite widespread digital device access, in-person and phone contacts remained preferred, while audiovisual modes were far less frequent. Gender differences in communication with children are minimal but more marked with parents. Country profiles largely converge, with the notable exception of clearly oppositional Mediterranean versus Scandinavian patterns. Despite the lockdowns imposed by the pandemic, patterns of family communication perceptions remain relatively stable. These results point to a relatively slow pace of change in family communication patterns and highlight the need for more contextual research at both national and cross-country levels.},
  author = {Ponte, Cristina and Barreto, Ana and Quintanillha, Tiago},
  doi = {10.15847/obsOBS19320252665},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Observatorio (OBS*)},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Face-to-face and mediated intergenerational family communication in European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS19320252665},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{hauf2021reuse,
  address = {Winterthur},
  author = {Hauf, Nicolai and Fürholz, Andreas and Klaas, Vanessa Christina and Morger, Jennifer and Šimukovič, Elena and Jaekel, Martin},
  doi = {10.21256/zhaw-2404},
  institution = {ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 32,
  title = {Data reuse in the social sciences and humanities: project report of the SWITCH Innovation Lab “Repositories & Data Quality”},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-2404},
  year = 2021
}

@inproceedings{puiu2025invisible,
  abstract = {This article examines how abortion attitudes are shaped in four Central and Eastern European countries, Romania, Serbia, Hungary, and Poland, by exploring the interplay between individual values, trust, and national sociopolitical contexts. Although these countries share post-socialist legacies and similar legislative histories, they differ in levels of access to abortion and public support for reproductive rights. The study pursues two key objectives: (1) to provide a comparative overview of abortion policy development in each country and (2) to analyze how confidence in religious institutions, gender role beliefs, democratic values, and respondents’ sex predict attitudes toward abortion. Methodologically, it employs a twofold approach: a qualitative comparison of legislative trajectories and a quantitative analysis of survey data using the World Values Survey and the European Values Study (2017–2022). Findings indicate that trust in churches predicts lower support for abortion only in Romania, while in Poland it has a positive effect, potentially reflecting backlash to restrictive laws. Traditional gender beliefs negatively affect abortion support in Romania and Serbia, but not in Hungary or Poland. Democratic values are positively associated with support in Romania, Serbia, and Hungary, but not Poland. Gender differences also vary by country: men are more supportive in Serbia and Hungary, while in Poland, women express greater support. The results point to the importance of historical, religious, and political contexts in shaping abortion attitudes. They further support theories that interpret anti-abortion sentiment as part of broader anti-gender movements fueled by economic insecurity, cultural backlash, and right-wing populist discourse. These findings highlight the need to situate individual-level attitudes within wider ideological and institutional frameworks.},
  address = {Belgrade},
  author = {Puiu, Carina and Constantinescu, Sorana},
  booktitle = {New Divisions, Struggles and Solidarities in South East Europe: Book of Proceedings},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.5937/snds25010P},
  editor = {Backović, Vera and Marković, Aleksandra},
  eventdate = {13.06.-14.06.2025},
  eventtitle = {New divisions, struggles and solidarities in South East Europe},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {211-230},
  publisher = {Sociological Scientific Society of Serbia},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/ WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Invisible Strings and Visible Laws: Reproductive Rights in Serbia, Romania, Hungary and Poland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5937/snds25010P},
  venue = {Belgrade},
  year = 2025
}

@article{tokeraslan2024european,
  abstract = {This study deviates from traditional approaches by focusing on data analysis instead of historical information to comprehend the dynamics shaping societal culture. Analyzing the cultural changes in European countries over the past two decades, the study utilizes the largest dataset to date, the Integrated Values Survey. Data from four distinct time periods spanning from 2000 to 2022 have been scrutinized. Expectation Maximization method is employed to address missing data in the dataset, and factor analysis-CLARA clustering algorithm is applied for each time period. The primary objective of this academic endeavor is to understand the dynamics of cultural evolution from a data-centric perspective. This analytical approach provides a robust foundation for comprehending cultural changes and predicting potential future developments.},
  author = {Toker Aslan, Seca and Satman, Mehmet Hakan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.30794/pausbed.1431264},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 62,
  pages = {295–315},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {How European Are You? Cultural Changes of European Countries in the Last 20 Years with Survey Data},
  year = 2024
}

@article{tsudaka2025rugged,
  abstract = {Human societies differ markedly in their endorsement of hierarchical authority, ranging from strict obedience to powerful leaders and militaries to more decentralized and egalitarian governance. Although cultural values have traditionally been used to explain this diversity, socioecological perspectives suggest that physical environments also shape collective orientations toward authority. The current research examines whether terrain ruggedness—the degree of elevational variability—predicts hierarchical preferences across large-scale contexts. In Study 1 (78 countries; N = 156,658), we combined cross-national survey data from the European Values Study/World Values Survey with digital elevation models. Results demonstrated that national preferences for military rule and for a strong leader (who bypasses democratic processes) were higher in countries with more rugged terrain, even after controlling for economic factors, demographic indices, and spatial autocorrelation. Study 2 (50 U.S. states; N = 336,491), using Gallup Poll data, replicated and extended these findings within the United States, revealing that states with greater terrain ruggedness exhibited a higher proportion of vertical (“boss-like”) supervisory relations, rather than egalitarian, collaborative (“partner-like”) styles. These convergent findings bolster socioecological models of person–environment fit and extend prior research linking geography and social cognition. By identifying terrain ruggedness as a robust predictor of hierarchical orientation at both national and subnational scales, this research highlights how ecological constraints can legitimize dominance-oriented leadership, while also suggesting that socioeconomic and cultural developments may moderate terrain’s influence on social dynamics. Future longitudinal and historical research is needed to clarify how environments and governance structures co-evolve, further illuminating the interplay between ecology, hierarchy, and social organization.},
  author = {Tsudaka, Gen and Wienk, Margaux N.A. and Berkessel, Jana B. and Boo, Cynthia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100220},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  issn = {2666-6227},
  journal = {Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-8},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Rugged terrain and rigid hierarchy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100220},
  volume = 8,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{oconnell2025nurturing,
  address = {London},
  author = {O'Connell, Daniel},
  booktitle = {Towards a Distinctive and Inclusive Theology of Catholic Education Studies: Critical Reflections on the Work of Professor John Sullivan },
  doi = {10.4324/9781003530619},
  editor = {Whittle, Sean},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4804},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {194-212},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Nurturing communities of practice for Catholic education},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003530619},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{drazanova2022understanding,
  abstract = {Public attitudes toward immigration have attracted much scholarly interest and extensive empirical research in recent years. Despite a sizeable theoretical and empirical literature, no firm conclusions have been drawn regarding the factors affecting immigration opinion. We address this gap through a formal meta-analysis derived from the literature regarding immigration attitudes from the top journals of several social science disciplines in the years 2009-2019 and based on a population of 1185 estimates derived from 144 unique analyses on individual-level factors affecting attitudes to immigration. The metaanalytical findings show that two individual-level characteristics are most significantly associated with attitudes to immigration - education (positively) and age (negatively). Our results further reveal that the same individual characteristics do not necessarily explain immigration policy attitudes and attitudes towards immigrants’ contribution. The findings challenge several conventional micro-level theories of attitudes to immigration. The meta-analysis can inform future research when planning the set of explanatory variables to avoid omitting key determinants.},
  address = {Kiel},
  author = {Drazanova, Lenka and Gonnot, Jerome and Heidland, Tobias and Kruger, Finja},
  institution = {Kiel Institute for the World Economy},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 2235,
  pages = 65,
  series = {Working Paper},
  title = {Understanding differences in attitudes to immigration: A meta-analysis of individual-level factors},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{groupeeuropeenderechercheinterdisciplinairesurlechangementreligieuxgericr2012synthse,
  address = {Rennes},
  author = {{{Groupe européen de recherche interdisciplinaire sur le changement religieux (GERICR)}}},
  booktitle = {Portraits du catholicisme : Une comparaison européenne},
  editor = {Pérez-Agote, Alfonso},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-2-7535-2040-0},
  keywords = {2012 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro french incollection},
  language = {french},
  pages = {255-298},
  publisher = {Presses universitaires de Rennes},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Synthèse comparative},
  year = 2012
}

@incollection{piliaiev2025confucian,
  abstract = {Under diversification processes in contemporary geopolitics and geoeconomics, one may be more likely to expect an expansion of China’s economic, financial, and soft power rather than military or direct political one. Beijing’s diplomacy places emphasis on harmonizing relations among states based on Confucian wisdom and morality, while, compared to Western diplomacy, attaches relatively less importance to a rule-based normative order. China is likely to try to reassert in the foreseeable future its central, Sino-centric role in the Confucian-tradition space while globally spreading Confucian values through such projects and institutions of global leadership as the SCO, BRICS, AIIB, Confucius Institutes, etc. In particular, the Confucian Doctrine of the Mean, which implies a reasonable balance of interests and a “community of common destiny,” is effectively applied by Beijing to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank which represents a new global paradigm of international financial cooperation. At present, the Confucian-tradition holistic consciousness proves to be more friendly to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, associated with the widespread adoption of AI, than a typical Western mentality. The phenomenal success of Confucian-tradition economies modernization may, due to the synergy of national and borrowed value-motivational factors, trigger in new localized conditions, e.g., under the post-war realities of Ukraine.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Piliaiev, Igor},
  booktitle = {The Geoeconomics of the International Monetary Order: Money and Power in the 21st Century},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-90851-4_4},
  editor = {Carrillo-Pina, Jose and Sharov, Oleksandr},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  isbn = {9783031908514},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {93-125},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Confucian Values in the Contemporary Geoeconomic Context},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90851-4_4},
  year = 2025
}

@article{volegov2025world,
  abstract = {The article examines issues related to the possibilities and limitations that arise when using the World Values Survey methodology to analyze the consolidation potential of territorial communities. The importance of changing values is associated with the transformation processes characteristic of modern society and potentially increasing the heterogeneity of cultural and value models of various social communities. The empirical basis of the article is domestic studies devoted to the analysis of the results obtained in various waves of the World Values Survey as well as the tools and databases compiled based on the results of the 5th, 6th, and 7th waves of this study, which made it possible to assess the inter-item correlation and the degree of consistency of the obtained scales. The conducted analysis of the literature identified a number of problems with the possibility of comparing data obtained in various socio-cultural conditions. These limitations are determined by the discordance between the interpretation and content of values within different cultures, as well as differences in connotations caused by historical and political contexts. When comparing the results at the level of Russian society, researchers note the presence of individual discrepancies caused by the heterogeneity of the social structure. However, to a greater extent, these discrepancies are explained by the generational structure, with a weakly expressed or absent influence of social-class division. One of the important characteristics noted both in the literature review and during the analysis of the data array is the weak expression of institutional trust and low possibility of its application for analysis at the level of regions and territorial communities. In addition, the paper notes the difficulties in using the methodology for studying values, associated with their complex structure, with the heterogeneity of the scales proposed for their measurement as well as with a weak correlation between values and trust. The authors make a conclusion about the advisability of using the Schwartz method for assessing value orientations to increase the reliability of the study. },
  author = {Volegov, Vladimir S. and Somkhishvili, Kristina O.},
  doi = {10.17072/2078-7898/2025-2-262-273},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {26867532},
  journal = {Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {262-273},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Всемирный обзор ценностей: возможности и ограничения при анализе консолидационного потенциала территории: Социология ( World Values Survey: the possibilities and limitations in analyzing the consolidation potential of a territory)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2025-2-262-273 },
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{welzel2021water,
  abstract = {Western civilization evolved under an accelerating drive towards individual freedoms. We present evidence that this “emancipatory” drive originates in the West’s special geo-climatic configuration: the Cool Water condition—that is, the combination of cool seasons with the abundance of freshwater. The Cool Water condition bestows existential autonomies on nuclear families, which infuses into emerging social orders an emancipatory dynamic directed towards freedoms. Applying multiple quantitative methods to observational data at the country and provincial levels as well as to historic tribal populations, the Cool Water condition powerfully predicts emancipatory outcomes, past and present—controlling for a myriad of plausible confounders.},
  address = {Rochester},
  author = {Welzel, Christian and Kruse, Stefan and Brieger, Steven A. and Brunkert, Lennart},
  institution = {Social Science Research Network},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 3938300,
  series = {SSRN Scholarly Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Cool Water Effect: Geo-Climatic Origins of the West’s Emancipatory Drive},
  url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3938300},
  year = 2021
}

@article{petreski2025behind,
  abstract = {This exploratory study investigates women’s labor market inactivity in North Macedonia, positioned among the countries with the lowest labor force participation rate of 42.8%. Utilizing the 2019 European Values Survey, the study moves beyond traditional employment data to assess the broader social and cultural context that shapes labor market participation. A comprehensive two-part methodology includes Factor Analysis and Principal Components Analysis to identify key drivers of inactivity, which are then factored in a probit model to estimate inactivity probabilities. Findings reveal four critical factors. Gender stereotypes significantly increase women’s likelihood of being inactive, as traditional roles limit their participation in the workforce. Work attitudes, reflecting individuals’ views on employment, also play a critical role, with negative attitudes leading to higher inactivity. Norms surrounding household chores further constrain women’s labor market participation. Finally, cultural norms related to childcare responsibilities impact women’s ability to engage in paid work, although this influence is intertwined with broader gender expectations and their impact is secondary to the actual time allocation for childcare determined by the number of children. These factors, rather than purely demographic characteristics, illustrate the complex interplay between cultural expectations and labor market dynamics, highlighting the importance of addressing societal values to promote women’s economic participation in North Macedonia.},
  author = {Petreski, Blagica and Tanevski, Stefan and Petreski, Marjan},
  doi = {10.1080/00128775.2025.2486039},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00128775},
  journal = {Eastern European Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-35},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Behind the Curtain: Cultural Norms, Gender Stereotypes and Work Attitudes Shaping Women’s Labour-Market Inactivity in North Macedonia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2025.2486039},
  year = 2025
}

@article{szczepaniak2025exploring,
  abstract = {This article examines the relationship between income inequalities and attitudes toward them in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa (MENA) regions, representing the world's most equal and unequal regions. Utilizing data from the joint European Values Survey - World Values Survey, World Income Inequality Database, and the Standardized World Income Inequality Database, the study uncovers significant differences in subjective inequalities between these regions and assesses the impact of internal income stratifications within societies. The key findings demonstrated significant differences in subjective inequalities between the European and MENA regions, which are not confirmed within the regions. Generally, there is a greater acceptance of income inequalities in MENA countries than in Europe. The results also revealed that in Europe, attitudes toward income inequalities are more diversified within income class stratification, with higher income classes tending to have a more positive attitude towards income inequalities than lower ones.},
  author = {Szczepaniak, Małgorzata and Osińska, Magdalena and Koubaa, Salah},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.12775/bgss-2025-0004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 67,
  pages = {55-71},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Exploring Subjective Income Inequality in Europe and MENA Regions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2025-0004},
  year = 2025
}

@article{hansen2025right,
  abstract = {Research finds a link between far-right political partisanship and attitudes towards transnational institutions among European citizens—mainly in relation to the European Union (EU). Citizens that support far-right parties tend to view the European Union as unjustly subverting national sovereignty, which leads to a higher level of Euroskepticism when compared to supporters of most mainstream parties. In this study, our contribution is that we explore whether the negative attitudes far-right party supporters have towards the European Union extend towards the United Nations (UN). We utilize the joint Wave 5 European Values Study (EVS)/World Values Survey (WVS) Wave 7 to estimate multiple regression models predicting confidence in the EU and UN across the Nordic countries. The results confirm previous studies showing that confidence in the EU is lower among far-right partisans. In addition, the results demonstrate that although smaller in size, there are many instances where far-right partisans also have less confidence in the UN. The analysis shows that far-right partisans' lack of confidence in supranational organizations also extends to transnational institutions, which is an important area of inquiry given the UN's role in mitigating current global crises.},
  author = {Hansen, Michael A. and Kronlund, Anna and Immonen, Waltteri},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1002/cep4.70008},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {28330188},
  journal = {Contemporary European Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Far Right Partisanship and Confidence in the United Nations and European Union Across the Nordic Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cep4.70008},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2025
}

@article{beaufort2025demokratieverstndnis,
  abstract = {Die gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozesse in den europäischen Demokratien verändern sowohl das Demokratieverständnis als auch die demokratischen Praktiken. Da unterschiedliche Demokratieauffassungen mit divergierenden Vorstellungen über die Konstitution demokratischer Öffentlichkeit einhergehen, beeinflussen sie nicht nur das Partizipationsverhalten, sondern auch die Rolle der Informationsmedien in der Gesellschaft. Der Beitrag untersucht die Wechselbeziehungen von Demokratieverständnis, Partizipation und Informationsnutzung und zeigt, wie unterschiedliche demokratische Strukturen sowohl normativ als auch aus der Perspektive der Bürger:innen demokratische Prozesse und den Umgang mit Information prägen. Im Fokus stehen die Komplementarität liberal-repräsentativer und partizipatorischer demokratischer Elemente, innovative Beteiligungsformen sowie Erwartungen an Informationsangebote und deren Nutzung. Abschließend reflektiert der Beitrag die Herausforderungen und Chancen des Wandels demokratischer Öffentlichkeiten und betont die Notwendigkeit, institutionelle Stabilität mit flexibler und aktiver Bürger:innenbeteiligung zu verbinden. },
  author = {Beaufort, Maren},
  issn = {10131469},
  journal = {SWS-Rundschau},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article german},
  language = {german},
  number = 1,
  pages = {62-76},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Demokratieverständnis als Determinante von Partizipationsverhalten und Informationsnutzung},
  url = {https://www.sws-rundschau.at/ausgaben},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{drazanova2020global,
  abstract = {In this Policy Brief we present a global overview of long-term trends and current attitudes to immigration across the world to highlight: Concerns about immigration in Western European and American countries have followed a different pattern than in Asia and Central and Eastern Europe over the last 40 years. Social and cultural concerns about immigration are relatively more salient than economic concerns in the Western world and more developed countries, while the opposite is true of developing countries in South America, Africa, and Asia. Asia and Africa are the continents most concerned with economic risks associated with immigration such as unemployment. Differences in attitudes to immigration by socio-demographic characteristics such as age, education, or gender vary greatly across continents and countries. Western European countries, the United States, New Zealand and Australia become increasingly favourable to immigrants as the share of immigrant population increases. In contrast, no such pattern is observable in other parts of the world.},
  author = {Dražanová, Lenka and Brunori, Claudia and Gonnot, Jérôme},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {European University Institute},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = 24,
  series = {Policy Brief},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Global trends and continental differences in attitudes to immigration: thinking outside the Western box},
  url = {https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2870/071254},
  year = 2020
}

@article{tervoniemela2025frames,
  abstract = {In this article, we analyze factors framing continuity and discontinuity of religion in families based on an integrative mixed methods approach. Using three-generation family interviews with Finnish families (62 interviewees in 17 families) and survey data collected in 5 countries (N = 8,404), we searched for themes that are meaningful for continuity and discontinuity related to religion in a family. We found four overarching themes: 1) religion as a shared vs. private matter, 2) safety and closeness vs. insecurity and distance, 3) flexibility vs. static attitudes, 4) structure and meaning. The article is linked to the Templeton-funded project “The Transmission of Religion across Generations: A Comparative International Study of Continuities and Discontinuities in Family Socialization”, led by Christel Gärtner (University of Münster, Germany) and co-led by Kati Tervo-Niemelä (University of Eastern Finland, Finland).},
  author = {Tervo-Niemelä, Kati and Spännäri, Jenni and Kallatsa, Laura},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13091},
  doi = {10.1080/13537903.2025.2465026},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7501 v1.0.0},
  issn = {13537903},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {67-86},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {What frames continuity and discontinuity of religion in families? A mixed-methods study of Finnish families in international comparison},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2025.2465026},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{detrinidad2024exploracin,
  abstract = {This study focuses on the search for alternative variables that help explain the happiness and quality of life index at a global level, exploring paradoxes and exceptions to traditional correlations such as income, GDP, governance, and corruption. Questions are raised about the disparity of the happiness index between Spain and El Salvador, the reversal of trend in Norway and Sweden, and the fluctuation of the index in United States.},
  address = {Ciudad Real},
  author = {Detrinidad, Emmanuel},
  booktitle = {Desarrollo sostenible, calidad de vida en el entorno rural y el turismo en tierra del Quijote},
  doi = {10.18239/jornadas_2024.54.00},
  editor = {Ruiz, Víctor Raúl López and Peña, Domingo Nevado},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {101-106},
  publisher = {Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Exploración de un modelo de calidad de vida a partir de las variables de cambio social colectadas por el World Happiness Index y el World Value Survey: casos el Salvador, España, Noruega y Suecia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18239/jornadas_2024.54.00},
  year = 2024
}

@book{beraud2025religion,
  abstract = {À partir de quatre enquêtes ethnographiques menées entre 2011 et 2023 sur la religion en prison et à l’hôpital, l’ouvrage analyse ce que l’institutionnalisation de la pluralité religieuse fait au catholicisme. Ce processus tend à le déplacer du côté du lot commun, en le dépouillant de certains des attributs qui furent les siens lorsqu’il était majoritaire, ce qui le fragilise et le contraint à des évolutions majeures et rapides. Au-delà du seul catholicisme, c’est d’ailleurs l’ensemble de la scène religieuse et la laïcité elle-même, qui se trouvent reconfigurés. Mais le catholicisme n’en devient pas pour autant une minorité comme les autres et ne peut pas l’être, du fait du puissant marquage institutionnel qui a été le sien et qui continue, pour un temps encore (il s'agit bien d'une situation de transition), à produire des effets d’hystérésis. La prison et l’hôpital, et en leur sein les aumôneries, apparaissent comme des laboratoires de ce qui n’a pas vraiment retenu l’attention de la recherche et demeure largement impensé par l’action publique.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Béraud, Céline},
  isbn = {9782130876175},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Humensis},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Une religion parmi d’autres: Le catholicisme en prison et à l’hôpital},
  year = 2025
}

@article{attar2025trkiyede,
  abstract = {This article investigates how education affects political culture in Türkiye using quantitative field research data collected at the individual level. Combining all available observations from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study for Türkiye, the article estimates econometric models in which the post-materialism index, the secular values index and the emancipatory values index are the explained/dependent variables, and education, along with age, date of birth, gender, marital status, employment status and religiosity, are treated as explanatory/independent variables. According to these estimation results, the findings of 10,749 individuals born between 1900 and 2000, whose ages ranged from 17 to 95 as of the year of the survey, show that education has positive, statistically significant and non-trivial effects on commitment to post-materialism, secularism and emancipatory values. The findings also indicate that these effects of education are independent of the effects of other explanatory/independent variables.},
  author = {Attar, M. Aykut},
  issn = {13039202},
  journal = {Eğitim Bilim Toplum},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 89,
  pages = {69-92},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Türkiye’de Eğitim ve Siyasi Kültür: Birey Düzeyinde Ekonometrik Bulgular (Education and Political Culture in Türkiye: Individual-Level Econometric Evidence)},
  url = {https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ebt/issue/91241/1629981},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2025
}

@article{sanchezrodriguez2025moderating,
  abstract = {Household income is an important predictor of that individual’s satisfaction with life, but the ecological-cultural context of one’s society can qualify the strength of this relationship. In this research, we examine the extent to which qualitative differences in a country’s religious heritage moderate the strength of the relationship between household income and life satisfaction. In exploring this question, we used data from 86 countries, grouped into five main religious traditions, that is, Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Buddhist, and Muslim. Multilevel interactions showed that the positive association between household income and life satisfaction was stronger than average in Protestant countries, but weaker than average in Catholic and Orthodox countries. We also found main effects of religious heritage on life satisfaction, indicating that countries with Catholic and Orthodox religious traditions reported higher average life satisfaction than the average of all countries, Buddhist countries showed average levels, whereas Muslim and Protestant countries reported lower life satisfaction. Even after accounting for potential confounders—including national income, economic inequality, religiosity, democracy, and environmental variables—most effects remain statistically significant. We discuss these findings in terms of possible institutional developments found in countries with different religious ideologies concerning household income and how those ideologies may support socialization processes relating material prosperity to personal life satisfaction.},
  author = {Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ángel and Bond, Michael Harris},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1177/00220221251348854},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {1552-5422},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {401-422},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {God and Gold: The Moderating Role of Countries’ Historical Religious Heritage in the Income–Life Satisfaction Relationship},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221251348854},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{haugen2021adapting,
  address = {Uppsala},
  author = {Haugen, Andreas},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Uppsala University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Adapting to Democracy: Voter Turnout Among Immigrants from Authoritarian Regimes},
  url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-437702},
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{alvarezbotas2018influence,
  abstract = {This paper analyses the effect of formal and informal institutions on debt conditions for a sample of 37 countries over the period 2001-2012. The econometric methodology that we have used is panel data with fixed effects. The results show that greater legal enforcement, efficient institutions and greater trust tend to reduce the cost of debt and increase maturity. Moreover, this analysis has been carried out considering the degree of economic development and the joint effect of formal and informal institutions. Regarding with the degree of economic development, the results show that both formal and informal institutions has a greater influence in countries with a lower degree of economic development. As far as the joint effect of formal and informal institutions are concerned, our results support the view that formal and informal institutions act as substitutes in improving debt conditions.},
  author = {Alvarez-Botas, Celia and González, Victor},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3210655},
  gesis-study_no = {undefined},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 33,
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Influence of Formal and Informal Institutions On Debt Conditions},
  url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3210655},
  year = 2018
}

@article{pavolini2025elephant,
  abstract = {This paper examines how cultural contexts influence the extent to which policies aimed at supporting women’s employment and gender equality achieve their objectives. More specifically, it addresses how the availability of formal public childcare services for children under the age of three and their expansion support women’s labour market participation in different cultural contexts. Few studies have examined cultural and structural factors together. The study integrates individual-level data from the European Social Survey on women’s employment and their attitudes with time-varying regional-level information from statistical offices on public early childhood education and care (ECEC) provision and information on gender care culture obtained from different waves of the European Values Study. We find that increasing the availability of ECEC is particularly effective in promoting women’s full-time employment and women’s labour market participation in contexts where traditional cultural values regarding gendered care prevail. The results appear to be independent of individual attitudes. The paper highlights the interaction between structural and cultural factors in shaping employment behaviour and suggests that the outcomes of social policy interventions, such as the expansion of ECEC, are strongly influenced by cultural contexts, although not necessarily in the expected direction.},
  author = {Pavolini, Emmanuele and Brini, Elisa and Scherer, Stefani},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-025-03719-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1619–1637},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017},
  title = {The Elephant in the Family Policy Room: How Care Culture Influences the Effects of Public Childcare on Women’s Labor Market Participation in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03719-2},
  volume = 180,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bacher2025fusion,
  abstract = {Primary data collection has become increasingly challenging. There are many reasons for this: Not only has the cost of conducting face-to-face interviews increased and the number of available interviewers decreased, but the ongoing shift to web-based interviewing has resulted in shorter questionnaires, making it difficult to accurately measure latent constructs and cover a wide range of topics. Therefore, despite the advantage of conducting primary data collection to match one's research questions, secondary data analysis is often more feasible. For this purpose, data archives such as the Consortium of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA) provide a large amount of high-quality data. However, a common problem when working with secondary data is that important variables are missing in one dataset and are only available in another. We propose a possible solution to overcome this problem by using "data fusion", which allows to augment one dataset by including the missing variables that are initially only available in another dataset. From a statistical point of view, this corresponds to a missing value problem, which is why multiple imputation is often used to fuse datasets. Despite this promising idea, data fusion is only sporadically applied in the social sciences. This paper discusses the potential of this statistical technique in the context of social science research and derives a guide for practitioners interested in applying the method to their own research. The method and potential are discussed via an example using data from the European Social Survey (ESS) and the Austrian Social Survey (ASS).},
  author = {Bacher, Johann and Pfeiler, Roman and Prandner, Dimitri},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-025-02107-9},
  issn = {15737845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {3305–3326},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS},
  title = {Data fusion: creating new opportunities for data analysis? A study on the potential of data fusion in survey research},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02107-9},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2025
}

@article{kalitova2025balancing,
  abstract = {Balancing Work and Childcare: Institutional, Political, and Cultural Determinants of Gender Inequality in Czechia. This article investigates the intricate relationship between work and family life in the Czech Republic, highlighting how structural and cultural barriers within the labour market impact gender equality, particularly in balancing work and caregiving responsibilities. With high female employment rates and limited access to childcare facilities for preschool children, the Czech Republic presents a compelling case for examining the interplay of historical, cultural, and institutional factors in a post-communist context. Employing Nancy Fraser’s three-dimensional framework of justice – redistribution, recognition, and representation – this study utilizes a critical analytical approach, integrating secondary data from various sources with a robust theoretical lens. The analysis explores how economic disparities, cultural norms, and political underrepresentation collectively reinforce gender inequalities, disproportionately affecting mothers compared to fathers. The findings reveal significant gaps in existing policies, perpetuated by entrenched societal stereotypes and insufficient institutional support. These results contribute to theoretical debates on work-life balance and gender equity, while offering actionable recommendations for policymakers. By focusing on the unique challenges faced in the Czech Republic, this article not only addresses a critical research gap but also provides practical insights for designing equitable social and labour policies in similar post-communist societies.},
  author = {Kalitová, Kristina},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {552-577},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Balancing Work and Childcare: Institutional, Political, and Cultural Determinants of Gender Inequality in Czechia},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1386267},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2025
}

@article{pita2025examining,
  abstract = {Purpose: This research examines and contributes to the behavioural literature on voluntary tax compliance. It focuses on the use and potential of machine-learning (ML) methods and models to predict individual tax morale across Europe, and it identifies the factors that influence predictive accuracy. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using data from the fifth wave (2017– 2020) of the European Values Survey (EVS), a data-driven, systematic approach employing six ML methods is applied to predict individual tax morale across Europe. The importance of formal, informal and socio-demographic factors is assessed, and the study tests whether incorporating the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) improves predictive accuracy. Findings: The results indicate that ML methods and models can enhance understanding and prediction of individual tax morale in Europe. Among the deployed models, artificial neural networks (ANNs) achieved the highest accuracy. Accuracy increased across all ML methods when the CPI was included. Attitudes towards bribery, perceptions of immigrants’ impact on the national welfare system, and gender emerged as significant formal, informal and socio-demographic factors. Academic contribution to the field: The study offers a novel application of data-driven ML methods to the prediction of individual tax morale. Given the scarcity of empirical ML research in the social sciences, the findings provide valuable insights in a European context and may serve as a basis for further global research. Practical Implications: The conclusions are particularly relevant for governments and tax administrations seeking to improve tax compliance and revenue collection. In the European context, the results confirm the virtuous circle linking effective government performance, high tax morale and voluntary tax compliance—insights that are crucial for decision-makers, regulators, European institutions and tax-policy makers. Originality/Value: The findings confirm that, when ML methods are applied, individual tax morale can be viewed as an outcome of interactions between formal and informal institutions. They also show that predictive accuracy is higher in countries with lower corruption, as indicated by a higher CPI.},
  author = {Pita, Lejla Lazović and Odžak, Almasa and Šćeta, Lamija},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.17573/cepar.2025.1.05},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {25912259},
  journal = {Central European Public Administration Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {129-155},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Examining Individual Tax Morale in Europe with Machine-Learning Methods},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2025.1.05 },
  volume = 23,
  year = 2025
}

@article{kordi2025social,
  abstract = {Research question/Issue: The paper investigates how social trust and tolerance affect board gender diversity levels in 67 countries. Research Findings/Insights: We find robust evidence that countries in which people display trust toward strangers, people of other countries, and other religions have more gender‐diverse boards. We also find that tolerance toward homosexuals, immigrants, and people of other religions and different races promotes gender‐diverse boards. Theoretical/Academic Implications: This paper relies on social trust, tolerance, and institutional theories. Trust and tolerance theories suggest that trusting others and displaying tolerance toward people who are different from oneself have many important social and economic consequences. We relate social trust and tolerance theories to governance and board gender diversity in a large cross‐section of countries. Practitioner/Policy Implications: Board gender diversity has both practical and policy implications. Our findings suggest that legislating comprehensive gender quotas may not be sufficient. More importantly, unlike cultural values, trust and tolerance can be more readily cultivated to promote policies and workplace practices.},
  author = {Kordi, Fatemeh and Maung, Min},
  doi = {10.1111/corg.70004},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Corporate Governance: An International Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1706-1744},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Do Social Trust and Tolerance Affect Board Gender Diversity? An International Evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.70004},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2025
}

@article{todea2024cultural,
  abstract = {This study examines the relationship between Cultural Tightness-Looseness (CTL) and stock market integration, focusing on a sample of 36 markets from 2004 to 2022. The analysis demonstrates that “loose” cultures, characterized by greater social flexibility, exhibit higher levels of financial integration with the global market. This relationship remains robust after controlling for alternative cultural determinants, such as genetic distance and Hofstede’s dimensions. Additionally, the study investigates CTL’s moderating effect on the relationship between global uncertainty and stock market integration. The findings reveal that in “loose” countries, the impact of global uncertainty on integration is less pronounced, suggesting a buffering effect. The results, validated through alternative specifications and robustness tests, extend the literature by identifying CTL as a unique cultural determinant of financial integration, distinct from long-term cultural barriers like genetic distance. These insights have implications for understanding market behavior under varying cultural and uncertainty conditions.},
  author = {Todea, Anita and Todea, Alexandru},
  doi = {10.2478/subboec-2024-0014},
  journal = {Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Oeconomica},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {43-55},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Cultural Tightness-Looseness and Stock Market Integration},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/subboec-2024-0014},
  volume = 69,
  year = 2024
}

@article{engelhardt2025christian,
  abstract = {Individual religiosity is often discussed and at times found to be associated with anti-pluralistic attitudes and outgroup hostility, such as nativism. Yet, less is known about contextual factors like the strength and visibility of actors that instrumentalize religion to reinforce nativist sentiments. The most prominent actors in that regard are populist radical right parties (PRRPs) that politicize Christianity to promote their right-wing stances. I seek to address this gap by assessing whether PRRPs’ participation in government influences the impact of individual religiosity on nativism. I argue, first, that more religious Christians are likely to have a stronger tendency toward nativism and expect, second, that governing PRRPs reinforce this impact. The study analyzes 37 European and Latin American countries using data from the Joint EVS/WVS (2017–22). Results show that religiosity is indeed related to nativism. However, there is no evidence that PRRPs in power strengthen this religiosity–nativism nexus.},
  author = {Engelhardt, Lucienne},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755048325000045},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {17550483},
  journal = {Politics and Religion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {238-257},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Christian religiosity and nativism: populist government participation as an influencing factor?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048325000045 },
  volume = 18,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{pickel2021religion,
  abstract = {Die Daten des ALLBUS aus dem Jahr 2012 werden in diesem Beitrag als Vergleichsdtensatz verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 40. Fassung, Dezember 2025},
  address = {London},
  author = {Pickel, Gert},
  availability = {22.12.2025},
  booktitle = {Theo-Politics? Conversing with Barth in Western and Asian Contexts},
  editor = {Höfner, Markus},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {9781978710054},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {315-336},
  publisher = {Lexington Books/Fortress Academic},
  series = {G - Reference,Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series},
  study = {ALLBUS2012},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religion, Politics, and the Christian Church in Germany: Perspectives from Germany},
  year = 2021
}

@article{fukuyama2025delivering,
  abstract = {The global wave of democratic backsliding has questioned the ascendancy of democracy in the twenty-first century. A purported decline in political trust and satisfaction with democracy, alongside the rise of high-performing autocracies, has sparked conjectures that popular support for the democratic project is eroding in favor of new, more authoritarian alternatives. Part of this discussion concerns the extent to which service delivery and outcomes matter for the legitimacy and stability of democracy. We argue that delivery for citizens is crucial to rebuilding the social contract and hence support for democracy alongside thwarting backsliding. We reflect on infrastructure as a public good for exposition.},
  author = {Fukuyama, Francis and Dann, Chris and Magaloni, Beatriz},
  issn = {10863214},
  journal = {Journal of Democracy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {5-19},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Delivering for Democracy: Why Results Matter},
  url = {https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/delivering-for-democracy-why-results-matter/},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2025
}

@inproceedings{tehenan2025multitask,
  abstract = {Large language models are increasingly expected to adapt to individual users, reflecting differences in preferences, values, and communication styles. To evaluate whether models can serve diverse populations, we introduce MTPA, a benchmark that leverages large-scale survey data (WVS, EVS, GSS) to construct real, hyper-granular personas spanning demographics, beliefs, and values. Unlike prior benchmarks that rely on synthetic profiles or narrow trait prediction, MTPA conditions models on real personas and systematically tests their behavior across core alignment tasks. We show that persona conditioning exposes pluralistic misalignment: while aggregate metrics suggest models are truthful and safe, subgroup-specific evaluations reveal hidden pockets of degraded factuality, fairness disparities, and inconsistent value alignment. Alongside the benchmark, we release a dataset, toolkit, and baseline evaluations. MTPA is designed with extensibility and sustainability in mind: as the underlying survey datasets are regularly updated, MTPA supports regular integration of new populations and user traits.},
  address = {Kerrville},
  author = {Tehenan, Matthieu and Chamoun, Eric and Vlachos, Andreas},
  booktitle = {Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2025)},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511},
  eventdate = {4.11.-9.11.2025},
  eventtitle = {Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2025)},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {11982-11992},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {MTPA: MultiTask Personalization Assessment},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/2025.emnlp-main.0.pdf},
  venue = {Suzhou, China},
  year = 2025
}

@article{bur2024edith,
  abstract = {At a time when the European Union is largely facing scepticism from its inhabitants, but when the war in Ukraine shows the need for unity, what spiritual resources does Europe have at its disposal to enable it to once again become an area of hope? Edith Stein, Saint Thérèse-Bénédicte of the Cross, declared co-patroness of Europe twenty-five years ago, can help to rekindle the great dream of peace of Europe’s founders. Her life was passionately marked by openness to others and dialogue, both in terms of her philosophical quest and her life of faith, deeply marked by her Jewish origins. This makes her a spiritual resource for building the ‘Europe of dialogue’ that Pope Francis called for in his address to the Council of Europe in 2014.},
  author = {Bur, Laurence},
  doi = {10.3917/nrt.464.0600},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {0029-4845},
  journal = {Nouvelle revue théologique},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 146,
  pages = {600-614},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Edith Stein au chevet de l’Europe: À l’occasion des vingt-cinq ans du Motu proprio proclamant sainte Brigitte de Suède, sainte Catherine de Sienne et sainte Thérèse-Bénédicte de la Croix co-patronnes de l’Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/nrt.464.0600},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2024
}

@article{udayanga2025politics,
  abstract = {Even though individuals may not actively engage in political activities, they often hold political beliefs that latently align them with certain ideological groups. This may lead to the politicisation of the happiness experience. The present study explores this association between political ideology and subjective well-being (happiness), with a particular focus on why individuals who lean politically to the right often report higher levels of happiness. Data were drawn from the combined datasets of the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey (2017?2022 dataset). Drawing on moral foundations theory, system justification theory, institutional trust theory and self-determination theory, grounded in Bourdieu?s theory of habitus, the article examines how economic stability, self-determination and moral alignment shape the subjective experiences of happiness associated with political identity. Findings indicate that individuals with politically right-leaning ideologies (conservatives) tend to enjoy greater happiness, largely due to higher economic stability and a stronger sense of individual responsibility, factors that contribute to both objective well-being and perceived social status. However, this happiness advantage is likely to be offset by moral dissonance, especially when traditional values conflict with societal changes, such as increasing diversity or the adoption of progressive social norms. The study also highlights that political centrists report lower levels of happiness than those at either ideological extreme, suggesting that firm political alignment may offer a stronger sense of coherence and purpose. One of the important contributions of this study is its revelation of how individual-level experiences differ across countries.},
  author = {Udayanga, Samitha},
  doi = {10.1080/23311886.2025.2572347},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  journal = {Cogent Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {The politics of happiness: why conservatives smile more, where they do not and the policy need for happiness-mainstreaming},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2572347},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2025
}

@article{araki2024income,
  abstract = {Scholars have long investigated the positive link between income and well-being, including its gender difference. However, little is known about (1) how low income is linked to ill-being among women and men; and (2) how their association varies depending on societal-level gender (in)equality. Filling this knowledge gap is crucial not only for scholarship but for social policy to tackle income-based disparities of ill-being. In this study, using the European Social Survey and the joint European Values Study-World Values Survey data, we conduct country-specific regressions and cross-national multilevel analyses to examine the relationship between low income, subjective ill-being (SIB), and macro-level gender parity. We first confirm that low-income individuals, regardless of gender, are more likely than their affluent counterparts to suffer from SIB in many countries. This indicates the applicability of implications derived from conventional approaches focused on the positive association between higher income and better well-being to the studies on low income and SIB. Nevertheless, the SIB risk significantly differs depending on the degree of gender inequality in that (1) both women and men face a higher likelihood of SIB in gender-inegalitarian societies; and importantly, (2) the psychological penalty for the poor is intensified under such gendered circumstances, especially among men. These results suggest that gender inequality not merely induces women’s ill-being but punishes low-income men possibly by exacerbating pressure as a breadwinner and imposing stigmas when they cannot meet gendered social expectations.},
  author = {Araki, Satoshi and Olivos, Francisco},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-024-03358-z},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {157–220},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Low Income, Ill-being, and Gender Inequality: Explaining Cross-National Variation in the Gendered Risk of Suffering Among the Poor},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-024-03358-z},
  volume = 174,
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{tsatsanis2022generational,
  address = {London},
  author = {Tsatsanis, Emmanouil and Borghetto, Enrico and Freire, André and Montero, José Ramón},
  booktitle = {A Generational Divide? Age-related Aspects of Political Transformation in Post-crisis Southern Europe},
  editor = {Tsatsanis, Emmanouil and Freire, André and Lisi, Marco},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {74-102},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Generational and Ideological Gaps in Democratic Support: Seeds of Deconsolidation in Post-Crisis Southern Europe?},
  year = 2022
}

@article{oleksandrivna2025youth,
  abstract = {The study’s relevance is rooted in the need for a deep understanding of the role of youth in contemporary society and the search for effective mechanisms to engage them in democratic governance. In a rapidly changing world, youth political leadership is a key factor in sustainable development. This research is particularly relevant for Ukraine in the context of European integration and global democratization trends. The aim of the study is to analyze the role of youth in democratic governance processes and to identify the key factors that determine youth leadership in socio-political life. The methods of literature analysis and comparative analysis were used. A systematic review of scientific publications, reports of international organizations, and other sources of information was conducted to identify theoretical foundations, empirical data, and existing approaches to studying this problem. A comparison was made of the experience of different countries in engaging young people in political life in order to identify effective practices and adapt them to Ukrainian conditions. The results show that young people in Ukraine have a high level of interest in political processes but lack effective mechanisms for participation and feel alienated from political institutions. The hypothesis that a low level of trust in political institutions is one of the main barriers to youth political activity was confirmed. The main reasons for low political activity are also the lack of information about political processes and limited opportunities for participation. At the same time, it was established that young people have a high interest in using digital technologies for political participation and are ready to participate in civic initiatives and volunteer projects. The results obtained indicate the need to develop new formats of youth political participation that would meet their needs and interests.},
  author = {Oleksandrivna, Zaslavska Olga and Anatoliivna, Posvistak Olesia and Vitaliivna, Nalimova Viktoriya},
  journal = {ПОЛІТИЧНІ ІНСТИТУТИ ТА ПРОЦЕСИ},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {40-45},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Молодіжне політичне лідерство та місце молоді у процесах демократичного врядування (Youth political leadership and the role of young people in democratic governance)},
  url = {http://dspace.pdpu.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/22394/1/Zaslavska%20Olga%20Oleksandrivna.pdf},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{taira2024uskonnottomuuden,
  address = {Helsinki},
  author = {Taira, Teemu},
  booktitle = {Havaintoja uskontojen kentällä: Juhlakirja Teuvo Laitilan täyttäessä 70 vuotta},
  editor = {Hurskainen, Heli and Takala-Roszczenko, Maria},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA7570},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {220-237},
  publisher = {Suomen kirkkohistoriallinen seura},
  series = {Suomen kirkkohistoriallisen seuran toimituksia},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Uskonnottomuuden (ja ateisminkin) normalisoituminen Suomessa},
  volume = 245,
  year = 2024
}

@article{storm2024sport,
  abstract = {Research has long aimed to identify the effects of international sporting success or event hostship on nations. Overall findings suggest that tangible benefits are marginal at best. Still, some studies find that sport may have significant intangible effects, such as bolstering (short-term) feelings of national pride or happiness. Following this strand of research, the present research note asks whether international sporting success and/or hostship affects people’s willingness to fight for their country. The connection between sport and international conflict is a plausible one, which scholars have debated for decades. Yet, this is also an issue that is underexplored, especially empirically. To expand on existing research, we analyse time-series cross-sectional survey data. The output from our estimations suggests that citizens’ willingness to fight decreases slightly when their country is hosting a major sport event. Similar effects do not apply to sporting success, even if additional analysis suggests a context-dependent positive relationship. To form a future research agenda, our approach and results are discussed to invite new and alternative research perspectives to improve the understanding of the relationship between sport and (the absence of) conflict.},
  author = {Storm, Rasmus K. and Jakobsen, Tor Georg and Jakobsen, Jo},
  doi = {10.1080/02614367.2024.2400891},
  issn = {0261-4367},
  journal = {Leisure Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Sport plus the shooting: an examination of international sporting success and event hostship’s impact on the national willingness to fight},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2024.2400891},
  year = 2024
}

@article{cooper2025public,
  abstract = {In the face of a global rise of populism and democratic backsliding, several scholars have argued that public servants can play an important role in safeguarding the integrity of our democracies. But are public servants equally likely to be politically active in all countries? While a large body of scholarship has found that public sector employees participate in a variety of political activities more than private sector employees, most studies use data from a single, often Western, country. Drawing upon literature studying administrative traditions, this article theoretically considers differences in traditions’ participation-impartiality equilibrium—the balance struck between the democratic value of political participation and the bureaucratic value of impartiality—and hypothesizes that the nature of the relationship public sector employment has with political activity varies across countries belonging to different traditions. Using data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, this article empirically investigates whether the nature of the relationship public sector employment has with political activity varies across the Anglo-American, Nordic, Germanic, Napoleonic, Confucian, and Latin American administrative traditions in ways that are consistent with differences in their participation-impartiality equilibrium. The results from various multivariate regression models show that administrative traditions do matter. Consistent with our theoretical expectations, public sector employment’s positive relationship with political activity is less pronounced in the Anglo-American, Nordic and Confucian administrative traditions than in the Germanic, Napoleonic and Latin American traditions. The findings suggest that public sector employees’ role in protecting democratic principles, at least as far as participating in the political realm as private citizens, will likely vary across countries belonging to different administrative traditions.},
  author = {Cooper, Christopher A. and Reggie, Jackson},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1177/07349149241310404},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2327-4433},
  journal = {Public Administration Quarterly},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {253-277},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Public Sector Employees’ Political Activity Across Administrative Traditions: Tensions Between Democratic Participation and Bureaucratic Impartiality in an Era of Populism and Democratic Backsliding},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/07349149241310404},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2025
}

@article{nuneznaranjo2025social,
  abstract = {In the Andean Community of Nations (CAN), its political management seeks to establish the level of social capital and subjective well-being of the population. This study utilizes data from the seventh wave of the World Values Survey (WVS) to analyze social capital and subjective well-being in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. A total of 5343 cases were collected using non-probabilistic sampling, and the research is documentary and temporally horizontal, covering the period from 2017 to 2021. Data were processed using SPSS software version 25, with variables measured on a Likert scale of 1 to 3 (1 = a lot, 2 = a little, 3 = not at all). Descriptive statistics were applied for the first objective, while Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between social capital (CS) and subjective well-being (BS). Among the most important results, it is evident that Colombia and Ecuador have a better perception of life satisfaction compared to Bolivia and Peru. The strongest correlation was found between trust in women's organizations and trust in charitable or humanitarian organizations, with a Spearman's Rho of 0.585. These findings highlight that CS and BS are indispensable variables for understanding people's perception of their environment.},
  author = {Núñez-Naranjo, Aracelly F. and Morales-Urrutia, Ximena and Martínez-Lucero, Mercy},
  doi = {10.63332/joph.v5i1.587},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {26343584},
  journal = {Journal of Posthumanism},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {502-525},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Social Capital and Subjective Well-being in the Countries of the Andean Community (CAN)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i1.587},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bernard2025discontent,
  abstract = {Debates on left-behind places, rural resentment and spatial disadvantage posit that political discontent stems from perceived inequalities between regions and on the urban/rural interface. The popularity of this argument is fuelled by frequent mapping of electoral results, which very often demonstrates a spatial correspondence between increased Euroscepticism and Populism on the one hand, and rural peripherality, shrinkage, economic and health issues and other forms of social disadvantage on the other. This paper advances the debate by distinguishing between regional attitudinal effects and social mobility effects, proposing an explicitly multidimensional conceptualisation of regional left-behindness and indicating that regional effects do not act uniformly across different countries. Using European Values Study data, the paper examines how intergenerational educational mobility and distrust of the EU are affected by regional left-behindness across Europe, finding weak and non-uniform effects. Whereas EU distrust is more strongly associated with regional growth, low educational mobility is more affected by the poor regional prosperity typical of rural areas. However, the effects vary considerably across individual countries.},
  author = {Bernard, Josef},
  doi = {10.1111/soru.70001},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00380199},
  journal = {Sociologia Ruralis},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Discontent and Disadvantage in Left‐Behind Places: Regional Effects on EU‐Trust and Status Attainment in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.70001},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2025
}

@article{smatera2024silent,
  abstract = {This research paper presents a novel contribution to the field by addressing an important and previously neglected issue: the impact of debt enforcement actions on the political views of Czech citizens. The study employs a qualitative research design and draws on data collected through interviews with individuals who have experienced debt enforcement. Specifically, the study focuses on how these individuals perceive state power and politics, revealing a concerning pattern of alienation from the state. Notably, most participants did not seek assistance or advice from state institutions when facing debt enforcement, exhibiting apathy, critical attitudes and civic passivity. These results are significant, as they introduce a potentially important explanatory variable in citizens’ political attitudes, with potential implications extending beyond the Czech Republic to other former Eastern Bloc countries.},
  author = {Šmatera, Václav and Pinková, Aneta},
  doi = {10.2478/pce-2024-0017},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1801-3422},
  journal = {Politics in Central Europe},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {379-402},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Silent Struggles: Exploring Apathy and Civic Passivity among Czech Citizens in Debt Enforcement},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2478/pce-2024-0017},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2024
}

@article{gonzalez2025influence,
  abstract = {Using a firm-level database covering 52 countries during the period 2004–2021, I investigate how legal institutions and characteristics of banking systems affect the provision of trade credit for private firms. The results show that there is more reliance on trade credit versus short-term bank financing in environments characterized by higher legal enforcement while protection of creditors’ rights has no effect on the relative use of trade credit. As for the influence of the structure of the banking system, the relative use of trade credit, compared to short-term debt, increases with the weight of bank financing in the country and the existence of restrictions on banks owning and controlling nonfinancial firms. During the global financial crisis, the relative use of trade credit increased, compared to short-term debt, while it decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
  author = {González, Víctor M.},
  doi = {10.1111/jbfa.12862},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {0306686X},
  journal = {Journal of Business Finance & Accounting},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1762-1783},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Influence of Legal Environment and Banking System on Trade Credit in Private Firms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12862},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2025
}

@article{tai2025upsides,
  abstract = {Does generalized trust play a role in the public's tax compliance? Traditional wisdom claims that generalized trust can affect the public’s compliance with paying taxes by reducing concerns about free-riders and facilitating public goods provision. However, there is little empirical evidence of a statistically significant relationship between generalized trust and tax morale in comparative studies. Using data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study trend file (1981–2020; N = 609,240 across 112 countries/territories), I show that generalized trust is negatively associated with tax morale in less democratic contexts, but this effect diminishes as democratic institutions strengthen. These findings are robust across alternative model specifications and subsample analyses. These results highlight the importance of institutional development in moderating the behavioral effects of social trust and provide insights into the limits of generalized trust as a civic virtue under weak governance.},
  author = {Tai, Yuehong Cassandra},
  doi = {10.1093/ijpor/edaf039},
  issn = {14716909},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-9},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Upsides and Downsides of Generalized Trust: The Moderating Role of Democratic Institutions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edaf039},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{baltzersen2022attitudes,
  abstract = {This thesis explores attitudes towards different forms of reproductive rights in Europe, both variation in such attitudes and what factors can help us explain this variation. The gender and politics literature has begun disaggregating women’s issues into sub- categories. Due to the varied nature of the reproductive issues, I argue needs this important sub-category needs to be disaggregated further. One important reproductive issue is abortion, and the relevant factors for explaining variation in individual attitudes are well-established. In comparison, much less is known about what explains variation in attitudes toward assisted reproductive technology (ART), which is an emerging issue in the field of reproductive rights. Drawing on explanations identified for abortion attitudes, I rely on party explanations and cultural and religious explanations to explain individual attitudes towards ART. Employing the most comprehensive survey data available (European Values Study), I test what country-level explanations account for variation in aggregated attitudes toward assisted insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) compared to abortion in Europe. I find that political orientation has a relatively little explanatory power for AI/IVF and abortion attitudes, while religiosity is a substantial predictor of negative attitudes towards AI/IVF and abortion. I draw on data from the EVS as well as the Norwegian National Election Study (NNES), which includes variables on both surrogacy and abortion attitudes, to disaggregate attitudes towards reproductive rights further. The results suggest Christian Democratic Party support and religiosity are strong predictors of negative attitudes toward AI/IVF, surrogacy and abortion. My findings point to the importance of disaggregating the sub-category of reproductive issues even further, as the explanatory power of political orientation and religiosity differ between AI/IVF and abortion attitudes, as well as AI/IVF and surrogacy attitudes.},
  address = {Oslo},
  author = {Baltzersen, Eli Sofie},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Oslo},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudes Towards Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and Abortion: Evidence from Europe},
  url = {https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/95927},
  year = 2022
}

@article{berzins2025ukraine,
  abstract = {Although the willingness to fight for one’s country has long been studied in political science and sociology, there are still gaps. An important one is that these studies do not consider determinants at the individual-level, especially within contemporary and hybrid warfare. This paper addresses this gap by analyzing the case of Ukraine using data from four waves of the World Values Survey, including before and after 2014. It uses bayesian binary logistic regressions to test predictors such as political trust, life satisfaction, national pride, interest in politics, democratic values, acceptance of homosexuality, and language spoken at home. The results reveal that, in Ukraine’s case, the willingness to fight is shaped by national identity, political engagement, and personal well-being and less by institutional attachment with the state and its political and economic model. In this sense, there is no universal law determining the willingness to fight for one’s country. It results from the complex interaction between the population’s aspirations, the positions of the local political elite, and the strategic objectives of the adversary.},
  author = {Berzins, Janis},
  doi = {10.1080/14782804.2025.2503945},
  issn = {14782804},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary European Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1250-1264},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Ukraine and the willingness to fight for one’s country},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2025.2503945},
  volume = 33,
  year = 2025
}

@book{landier2025price,
  abstract = {The economic case for self-interest at the outer limits of being morally good. Modern life is an exercise in discomfort. In the face of endless injustice, how much selfishness is permissible? How do we square suffering elsewhere with our hope to thrive at home? How does one strive for the greater good while guarding one's personal interests? The Price of Our Values argues that the answers to these questions are economic: by weighing our sense of the personal costs associated with the outer limits of our moral beliefs. These tradeoffs—the want to be good, the personal costs of being good, and the points at which people abandon goodness due to its costs—are somewhat unsettling. But as economists Augustin Landier and David Thesmar show, they are highly predictable, even justified. Our values guide us, but we are also forced to consider economic costs to settle decisions. The Price of Our Values is an economic reckoning with the universal unease of contemporary moral life. Wielding insights from the philosophical founders of the field, Landier and Thesmar provide frameworks for thinking about the place of values—justice, freedom, beauty— in the decisions of modern life. They do so in terms that seek to be consistent with both our good intentions and their limits.},
  address = {Chicago},
  author = {Landier, Augustin and Thesmar, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Price of Our Values: The Economic Limits of Moral Life},
  year = 2025
}

@article{simba2025legacy,
  abstract = {Research identifies universal entrepreneurship peculiarities, but how legacy communal family systems impact migrant entrepreneurs has remained esoteric. Accordingly, we introduce an overlapping entrepreneurial action'migrant entrepreneurship theoretical interface to examine 1,284 European and sub-Saharan African entrepreneurs. Compared with a European entrepreneur's nuclear family mindset, regression results reveal that a legacy communal family mindset of belonging and obligation to serve society influences a sub-Saharan African migrant entrepreneur's behaviour, values, and entrepreneurship practice in a European setup. In this context, a legacy communal family system attributable to a migrant entrepreneur's country of 'origin underlies their entrepreneurial cognitive processes. This understanding contributes theoretical perspectives to account for how a sub-Saharan African migrant entrepreneur's ingrained legacy communal family mindset does not decay irrespective of their circumstances. It also contributes knowledge, clarifying the prolonged impact of traditional socio-business philosophies in migrant entrepreneurship with academic, business, policy, and social implications.},
  author = {Simba, Amon and Braune, Eric and Boncori, Anne–Laure and Jones, Paul},
  doi = {10.1080/08985626.2025.2567937},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {08985626},
  journal = {Entrepreneurship & Regional Development},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Legacy communal family systems in entrepreneurship: a migrant entrepreneurship phenomenon in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2025.2567937},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{peron2021analyse,
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Péron, Madeleine},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {Conseil d’analyse économique},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {french},
  number = 66,
  pages = 32,
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Analyse d’une crise : éléments quantitatifs sur le choc Covid‐19},
  url = {https://www.cae-eco.fr/analyse-dune-crise-elements-quantitatifs-sur-le-choc-covid-19},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{bakker2016signs,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Bakker, Wieger and Brink, Gabriël van den and Ingen, Erik van},
  booktitle = {Moral Sentiments in Modern Society: A New Answer to Classical Questions},
  editor = {Brink, Gabriël van den},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  isbn = {978-90-8964-775-7},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {291-316},
  publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Signs of moral resilience},
  year = 2016
}

@phdthesis{holmberg2021attityder,
  author = {Holmberg, Johanna and Sundin, Linnea},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  school = {Umeå University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Attityder Till Dödshjälp I Europa : En kvantitativ studie av förklaringsfaktorer på individ- och landsnivå},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-188479},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{freitas2023theological,
  address = {Wien},
  author = {Freitas, Tiago},
  booktitle = {Synodality in Europe - Theological Reflections on the Church on Synodal Paths in Europe},
  editor = {Eckholt, Margit},
  isbn = {9783643966322},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {LIT Verlag},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Theological and Ecclesial Perspectives on Synodality from Portugal},
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{soboleva2023parental,
  abstract = {Gender role attitudes are largely formed in the parental family because children see some definite distribution of gender roles. Parents with different education and social status are likely to transmit different types of values to their children: higher education and social status lead to more egalitarian gender attitudes. At the same time individual and contextual characteristics play a role.   The objective of this research is to reveal the impact of parental background on gender role attitudes in across European countries with different level of societal gender inequality. The European Values Study 2017-2020 is used as a dataset. According to the results of the multilevel regression analysis, more favorable parental characteristics lead to more egalitarian gender role attitudes both in the public and in the domestic sphere. Material wealth is positively associated with gender role attitudes in the domestic sphere, whereas for gender role attitudes in the public sphere the result is mixed. Almost no interaction effects were found for parental characteristics and gender inequality level in a country for gender role attitudes in the public sphere. The association between gender role attitudes in the domestic sphere and parental background differs in countries with lower and higher level of gender inequality index (GII).  In countries higher level of gender equality (low GII) all the effects are as expected. The higher parents’ cultural capital is and the more favorable situation is, the more egalitarian gender role attitudes are. Material wealth at the age of 14 leads to more egalitarian gender role attitudes. In countries with lower GDP and higher gender inequality the results are less trivial. The impact of parent’s education, employment status and material wealth is weaker, insignificant or possibly even negative.},
  author = {Soboleva, Natalia},
  doi = {10.31219/osf.io/tczrq},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {Open Science Framework},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 24,
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Parental background as a factor of gender role attitudes across Europe (the evidence of EVS data)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/tczrq},
  year = 2023
}

@phdthesis{tosyali2022multidimensional,
  abstract = {The current research was part of a larger project, funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), examining the link between psychosocial factors and health-related outcomes. A pilot study showed that the items could adequately be used, and bivariate relationships were consistent with the hypotheses. In Study 1, the hypotheses were examined in a representative sample of the Turkish population. Bonding and linking aspects were positively related to SRH; however, bridging aspect and interaction between bonding and linking aspects were not related to SRH. In Study 1, a follow-up analysis was conducted to examine the same hypotheses using a multilevel modeling framework accounting for the interdependency between different regions where individuals are nested in those regions of Turkey. A theory-driven variable, i.e., income inequality, was added as a region-level predictor in the analysis. Findings showed that there could be regional discrepancies in terms of social capital dimensions and SRH. In Study 2, I aimed to examine the same relationship patterns to see whether those patterns would be consistent by counting different countries after adjusting for income inequality as a country-level predictor of SRH. Secondary data analysis was conducted on the joint data set of the last waves of the World Values Survey and European Values Study, including data from 69 countries. All hypotheses were confirmed. Findings of Study 1 were specifically discussed considering the post-disaster context due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and Study 2 was discussed considering more like a global picture regarding the same relationship patterns.},
  author = {Tosyali, Ahmet Furkan},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  school = {Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Multidimensional approach to link between trust and health before and after COVID-19: Nationwide investigations based on social capital theory},
  type = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  url = {https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/97321},
  year = 2022
}

@article{cetin2025longer,
  abstract = {The recent rise of authoritarian populist and far-right parties in Western democracies has raised concerns about democratic stability in these countries. While existing research often focuses on electoral outcomes, we argue this approach inadequately captures citizens’ regime preferences due to the complexities of electoral processes and national politics. To address this limitation, we examine the relationship between immigration and regime preferences through a democratization framework using structural equation modelling across 17 established Western democracies between 2008 and 2020. Our findings reveal a positive association between immigrant population rates, individuals’ authoritarian predisposition and anti-immigrant sentiments, with stronger anti-immigrant attitudes correlating with increased support for authoritarian governance models such as dictatorship and army rule. This relationship appears particularly pronounced among individuals with low authoritarian predispositions, underscoring the mobilizing effect of immigration. This research offers insights into the recent political landscape in Western democracies, contributing to debates on democratic resilience and challenges posed by changing demographics.},
  author = {Cetin, Fatih U. and Demir, Burak},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253 ; 10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1017/gov.2025.6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0 ; ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {0017257X},
  journal = {Government and Opposition},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1089-1111},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {No longer the only game in town? Immigration, authoritarianism and the future of democracy in the West},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2025.6 },
  volume = 60,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{akaeda2023social,
  abstract = {In recent decades, a great deal of international comparative research has examined whether social policy crowds out or crowds in social trust. Although previous studies have made significant advances, we still have much to learn. First, the proxies of social policy adopted by earlier publications may confound the levels and distribution of welfare provisions. Second, little research has explored whether two important distribution patterns of welfare provisions—low- income targeting and universalism—crowd out or crowd in social trust in international comparative analysis. Against this backdrop, this study focuses on the distinctive roles of three dimensions of welfare transfers, such as transfer share, low-income targeting, and universalism, in social trust. For the analysis, the present study utilizes data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database, merged data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS), and the two-way fixed-effects model. Through an international comparative analysis, this study clarified that low-income targeting crowds out social trust, while universalism crowds in social trust. These results suggest that (1) low-income targeting may have a side effect on social trust and (2) universalism and social trust may partly explain the self- perpetuating process of the welfare state.},
  author = {Akaeda, Naomi},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  institution = {Luxembourg Income Study},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 870,
  pages = {1-69},
  series = {Working paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Does Social Policy Crowd Out or Crowd In Social Trust? The Perspectives of Transfer Share, Low-Income Targeting, and Universalism},
  url = {https://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/870.pdf},
  year = 2023
}

@phdthesis{malakhouski2021electoral,
  abstract = {The rational theory of turnout suggests that voters go to the polls only when they believe that the elections are fair. This theory, however, cannot explain relatively high turnout in electoral autocracies where the elections are not fair by definition. Existing studies provide empirical evidence on the strong effect of electoral integrity on turnout, but the findings are either limited to democracies or do not control for regime type. This paper explores the relationship between electoral integrity and turnout in autocracies. Using linear and multilevel logistic regression this study analyses country-, election-, and individual-level data from 68 countries. The results suggest that unlike in democracies, the overall electoral integrity level has no effect on turnout in electoral autocracies. The findings from individual-level data explain the phenomenon suggesting that voters in electoral autocracies overestimate the actual level of electoral integrity in their countries. Although, individual perception of electoral integrity still matters for the decision on participation in the elections in autocracies. The case study of voters in Belarus explores the conditioning effect of coercion but found no significant difference in the effect of electoral integrity on turnout for public employees and other voters.},
  author = {Malakhouski, Tsimafei},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Vytautas Magnus University},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Electoral integrity, its perception and turnout in democracies and autocracies},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {https://www.vdu.lt/cris/handle/20.500.12259/130559},
  year = 2021
}

@phdthesis{bell2023european,
  address = {Trondheim},
  author = {Bell, David Andreas},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Norwegian University of Science and Technology},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {European Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Exploring Anti-Immigrant Attitudes and Welfare Chauvinism in Contemporary Europe},
  type = {Doctoral thesis},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3070634},
  year = 2023
}

@article{vanhootegem2025impact,
  abstract = {This paper investigates whether there is a link between issue politicization around redistribution and public support for equality. Specifically, the study uses three dimensions of politicization (i.e., salience, position and polarization) to examine how politicization of redistribution among political parties relates to popular support for equality as well as whether this varies across ideological groups, thereby analysing ideological divides around these issues. To empirically investigate these dynamics, the study utilizes multilevel modelling, employing data from 27 countries of the European Social Survey 2019 and the Chapel Hill Expert Survey. Results indicate that none of the dimensions of politicization explain average support for equality, suggesting the absence of an aggregate politicization-public opinion link in the welfare state. However, stronger polarization among political parties does relate to stronger ideological disagreement on equality among the public. These results indicate that the political climate still plays a role, although differently for various ideological groups.},
  author = {Van Hootegem, Arno},
  doi = {10.1080/13501763.2025.2462078},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {13501763},
  journal = {Journal of European Public Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The impact of issue politicization around redistribution on support for equality and its ideological divides},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2025.2462078},
  year = 2025
}

@book{seebacher2025sustainable,
  abstract = {In a time of climate crisis, social upheaval, and economic uncertainty, traditional growth models are no longer enough. Sustainable Futures offers a bold, actionable roadmap for organizations ready to lead in a post-growth economy—where success is measured not just in profit, but in resilience, sustainability, and long-term value. At the heart of this timely book is the Emerald Deal—a strategic framework for businesses seeking to break free from outdated economic thinking. Rooted in regenerative, circular, and socially responsible principles, it empowers organizations to remain competitive while aligning with global sustainability goals. The authors introduce Predictive Intelligence (PI) as the game-changer for navigating this transformation. By combining data analytics, AI, and foresight, PI enables leaders to anticipate challenges, make smarter decisions, and uncover new growth opportunities—without compromising future generations. The book also explores Collective Intelligence, showing how collaboration, transparency, and shared knowledge can drive innovation and create agile, future-ready organizations.},
  address = {Boca Raton},
  author = {Seebacher, Uwe and Zacharias, Ulrike},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1201/9781003633273},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Sustainable Futures with Predictive Intelligence for Organizations in a Post-Growth Economy },
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003633273},
  year = 2025
}

@article{li2024gender,
  abstract = {Using a hand-collected sample of 18,269 equity analysts from 42 countries over the period of 2004 to 2019, we establish an intriguing negative association between a country’s institutional/economic development and its female share of equity analysts. We show that, in individualistic countries only, there is no gender gap in analyst forecast accuracy. We further show that female analysts are more skilled and more likely to drop out when underperforming in individualistic countries compared to peers in collectivistic countries. The evidence supports our hypothesis that the national cultural value of individualism encourages women to make career choices consistent with their general aversion to competition.},
  author = {Li, Kai and Peng, Qiyuan and Shen, Rui and Wong, Gabriel},
  doi = {10.1017/S0022109024000255},
  issn = {00221090},
  journal = {Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1686-1726},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Gender, competition, and performance: International evidence},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109024000255},
  volume = 60,
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{drazanova2020nationalists,
  abstract = {The recent rise in the popularity of nationalist movements tells us that more attention should be paid to the effects of national feeling on politics. This article considers the potential relationship between national identity and active and allegiant citizenship and particularly whether nationalists and patriots are better citizens than those who have weaker feelings towards their country. We analyze these relationships using data from the European Values Study in 2008 and 2017. Our main models control for a variety of political, social, and economic causes of good citizenship and include country fixed effects in addition to three measures of national feeling. Our findings indicate that civic national identity is connected with better citizenship on virtually all of our outcomes, whereas ethnic national identity is frequently connected with worse citizenship. We explain these results using social identity theory and theories of prejudice. The results suggest that politicians ignore or downplay national feeling at their peril.},
  address = {San Domenico di Fiesole},
  author = {Dražanová, Lenka and Roberts, Andrew},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3783225},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  institution = {European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies The European Governance and Politics Programme},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 3783225,
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Are Nationalists Better Citizens?},
  url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3783225},
  year = 2020
}

@incollection{patricia2025religion,
  address = {Uppsala},
  author = {Patricia, Eunice and Miraflores, Cantada},
  booktitle = {Religions of Europe: Selected Texts Presented at the Euroculture Intensive Programme 2021},
  editor = {Nykvist, Martin},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-91-513-2415-9},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {213-238},
  publisher = {University Library},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Religion as a Social Identity Buffer: Exploring the National, Ethnic, and Religious Identities of Sub-Saharan African Christian Immigrants in Europe},
  url = {https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1944303/FULLTEXT01.pdf#page=213},
  year = 2025
}

@article{cornejocostas2025migrant,
  abstract = {This paper investigates the relationship between migrant inventors, informal institutions and the development of green technologies in European regions. We argue that migrant inventors act as an unlocking mechanism that transfers external knowledge to host regions, and that informal institutions (i.e. social capital, migrant acceptance) mediate this effect. The work is based on an original dataset of migrant inventors covering 271 NUTS2 regions in the 27 EU countries, the UK, Switzerland and Norway. The analysis shows that migrant inventors help their host regions to diversify into green technologies. The regions with the highest levels of both measures of social capital show a higher propensity of migrant inventors to act as knowledge brokers. Conversely, regions with lower levels of migrant acceptance and social capital do not seem to contribute to this effect.},
  author = {Cornejo Costas, Benjamin and Cortinovis, Nicola and Morrison, Andrea},
  doi = {10.1093/cjres/rsaf042},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {1752-1378},
  journal = {Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {How migrant inventors and informal institutions enable green innovation in EU regions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaf042},
  year = 2025
}

@book{mau2023triggerpunkte,
  abstract = {"»Soziale Konflikte sind nie einfach nur da, sie werden auch gesellschaftlich hergestellt: entfacht, angeheizt, getriggert.« Von einer »Spaltung der Gesellschaft« ist immer häufiger die Rede. Auch in der Alltagswahrnehmung vieler Menschen stehen sich zunehmend unversöhnliche Lager gegenüber. So plausibel sie klingen mögen, werfen entsprechende Diagnosen doch Fragen auf: Wie weit liegen die Meinungen in der Bevölkerung wirklich auseinander? Und ist die Gesellschaft heute wirklich zerstrittener als zur Zeit der Studentenproteste oder in den frühen Neunzigern? Nicht zuletzt weil man eine Spaltung auch herbeireden kann, tut mehr Klarheit not. Steffen Mau, Thomas Lux und Linus Westheuser kartieren aufwendig die Einstellungen in vier Arenen der Ungleichheit: Armut und Reichtum; Migration; Diversität und Gender; Klimaschutz. Bei vielen großen Fragen, so der überraschende Befund, herrscht einigermaßen Konsens. Werden jedoch bestimmte Triggerpunkte berührt, verschärft sich schlagartig die Debatte: Gleichstellung ja, aber bitte keine »Gendersprache«! Umweltschutz ja, aber wer trägt die Kosten? Eine 360-Grad-Vermessung der Konflikte um alte und neue Ungleichheiten, die eine unverzichtbare Diskussionsgrundlage bietet und viele Mythen entzaubert." Die kumulierten Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 1980 bis 2018 werden in diesem Buch ebenso wie die Daten des ALLBUS aus den Jahren 2016 und 2021 als Hauptdatensätze verwendet.},
  access-date2 = {Aufgenommen: 39. Fassung, Dezember 2024},
  address = {Berlin},
  author = {Mau, Steffen and Lux, Thomas and Westheuser, Linus},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 ; ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book german},
  language = {german},
  publisher = {Suhrkamp},
  study = {ALLBUSkum1980-2018 ; ALLBUS2016 ; ALLBUS2021},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Triggerpunkte: Konsens und Konflikt in der Gegenwartsgesellschaft | Warum Gendersternchen und Lastenfahrräder so viele Menschen triggern},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{kitai2024innovation,
  abstract = {The importance of creating innovations for modern welfare states in knowledge-based economies continues to increase. This chapter investigates the impact of social capital on innovation by considering the varying natures of social capital and the type thereof supporting innovation systems in Nordic countries. By classifying countries into four clusters of social capital types according to generalized and particularized trust, we illustrate the effects of each social capital category on innovation. The results show that social capital characterized by high generalized trust and high particularized trust has the greatest positive impact on innovation. Another important finding is that Nordic countries have a hybrid type of social capital with both high generalized and particularized trust. Finally, our findings confirm that the function of innovation systems in Nordic countries is supported by the hybrid type of social capital. This study provides new evidence that each type of social capital has a significantly different effect on innovative performances.},
  address = {Singapore},
  author = {Kitai, Mayuko and Waragai, Tatsushi},
  booktitle = {Creative Co-evolution of the Economies and Welfare States in the Nordic Countries},
  doi = {10.1007/978-981-97-8569-8_8},
  editor = {Tokumaru, Norio and Yabunaga, Chino and Shibayama, Yuriko},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  isbn = {978-981-97-8569-8},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {167-185},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Innovation and Social Capital in Nordic Welfare States: The Advantages of Nordic Societies in a Modern Economy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8569-8_8},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{tervoniemela2024complexity,
  address = {Lanham},
  author = {Tervo-Niemelä, Kati and Spännäri, Jenni},
  booktitle = {Religious Change and Continuity Across Generations: Passing on Faith in Families of Six European and North American Nations},
  editor = {Silverstein, Merril and Gärtner, Christel and Brown, Maria T.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA7570},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {101-126},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {The Complexity of Religious Change across Generations in Finland from the Perspectives of Gender and Religious Biographies},
  year = 2024
}

@article{sanchezgarcia2025bonding,
  abstract = {This study examines the moderating role of social trust (generalized and particularized/interpersonal) at the national level on the relationship between age (middle-aged 45–59 years; older adults 60–74 years; and long-lived 75 years and older) and membership in voluntary organizations in general and of various types. We hypothesize that in all three age groups, people in countries with higher levels of general and specific trust are more likely to engage in volunteer activities. At the same time, participation in volunteer activities is expected to decline gradually with age. The sample comprises individuals over 45 years of age (N = 28,198) in 36 countries in Europe. The empirical estimation uses data from the 2017/22 European Values Survey. Multilevel analysis is used to allow hierarchical aggregation of variables from different levels: individual, national and welfare system. The study reveals that generalized trust is positively associated with volunteering membership among people aged 45 and older. However, it is interpersonal trust that is positively related to voluntary membership among people aged 75 years and older. Furthermore, the influence of the two types of trust varies according to the type of membership. The research highlights that although public and social policies in recent years have promoted the voluntary activity of older adults, not all ages are the same; each age group has a series of characteristics that must be taken into consideration for such an increase in volunteering to take place at all ages.},
  author = {Sánchez-García, Julia and Gil-Lacruz, Marta and Gil-Lacruz, Ana Isabel and Cañete-Lairla, Miguel Ángel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0335260},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 10,
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {From bonding to action: The influence of generalized and interpersonal trust on voluntary membership among European adults},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0335260},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{barker2023importance,
  abstract = {In this paper, we investigate the importance of various aspects of life—that is, the value of family, leisure, work, and friends distinguished by age and parenthood. Our data is from the European Values Study and World Values Survey, capturing 46 countries in Europe, East Asia, Latin America and Australia. We focus on persons in young and middle adulthood and examine the perceived importance of the four life domains in 2005–2009 and 2017–2019 and the changes over the roughly 10- year period. Our results show that family is most often regarded as important, followed by work, friends, and leisure. This hiearchary remained the same during the last decade. The descriptive results show an increase in the importance of family, friends, and leisure, with significant regional differences. Regionally, Southern Europe and East Asia have the most significant changes in values over the 10-year period. Differentiations by age and parity reveal that the associations of age and parity are weaker in 2017–2019 than in 2005–2009.},
  author = {Barker, Ross and Buber-Ennser, Isabella and Nguyen, Yen Thi Hai and Testa, Maria Rita},
  institution = {Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-33},
  series = {Working paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The importance of family, leisure, work, and friends},
  url = {https://hw.oeaw.ac.at?arp=0x003e87d9},
  year = 2023
}

@inproceedings{pileggi2025uncertainty,
  abstract = {Survey data often presents uncertainty because of missing values or situations that do not allow the measure of a given variable, for instance inability/reluctance to answer. On the other side, the sensitivity of questions may affect the quality of data, as well as its reliability and interpretation. Intuitively, uncertainty in such kind of data could be related to some kind of criticality, more concretely to topic sensitivity in this specific case. This paper reports an empirical study conducted on a subset of the World Values Survey (WVS) aimed at the assessment of the relationship between uncertainty and topic sensitivity in survey data. The experiment shows a fundamental convergence and, although results cannot be generalised because of the limited number of experiments conducted, it establishes the fundamentals for a more systematic approach in the context of the current technological landscape, which offers the capabilities to enable human-centric and fully automated solutions. Last but not least, the critical analysis looking at current limitations has defined a roadmap to further enhance the proposed method aiming at a broader and more consolidated experimental and validation framework.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Pileggi, Salvatore F. and Bharathy, Gnana},
  booktitle = {Computational Science – ICCS 2025 Workshops},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-97573-8_9},
  editor = {Paszynski, Maciej and Barnard, Amanda S. and Zhang, Yongjie Jessica},
  eventdate = {07.07.-09.07.2025},
  eventtitle = {25th International Conference, Singapore, Singapore, July 7–9, 2025, Proceedings, Part VI},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-031-97573-8},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {125-139},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {From Uncertainty to Semantics in Self-reported Data: An Empirical Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97573-8_9},
  venue = {Singapore},
  volume = 15912,
  year = 2025
}

@article{zahariev2024solidarity,
  abstract = {The article examines the concept of solidarity as both an emotional and practical phenomenon within Bulgarian society, based on data from the European Values Study (EVS). The study highlights the nuanced interplay between feelings of concern for various societal groups and the concrete actions taken to address their needs. While the data reveals high levels of emotional solidarity, particularly towards vulnerable groups like the elderly and disabled, it also exposes a gap between expressed concern and active participation in solidarity-driven initiatives. The text explores theoretical frameworks, such as Émile Durkheim's ”mechanical solidarity”, to contextualize these findings, linking solidarity to cultural proximity and shared values. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, on spontaneous forms of solidarity, emphasizing the adaptive nature of collective human empathy and action.},
  author = {Zahariev, Iassen},
  journal = {Bulgarian Philosophical Review},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 14,
  pages = {142-150},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Солидарността като чувство и действие в българското общество през първите две десетилетия на XXI век (Solidarity as Feeling and Action in Bulgarian Society in the First Two Decades of the 21st Century)},
  url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1322787},
  year = 2024
}

@article{rammer2025narva,
  abstract = {We share the view that people are guided in their everyday decisions by common sense, the trustworthiness of which has been confirmed by its usefulness in the past; its nature is thoroughly explained by the theory of social representations. A social representation is a system of values, ideas and practices with a twofold function: first, to enable individuals to orient themselves in the everyday world and to master it; and second, to provide codes for social exchange or naming and classifying unambiguously the various aspects of their world and their individual group history. This article focuses on the values and identity of young people in Narva. We compare the results of a survey of 284 Narva high school students and University of Tartu Narva College students with the values of their peers who participated in the Baltic Youth Values Survey, the European Social Survey, the European Values Survey, Estonian School-leavers Survey and the Eurobarometer Values and Identity Survey. We rely on qualitative interviews to interpret the value judgements elucidated in the Narva survey. To detect contextual interpretations of informants’ beliefs from 15 individual in-depth interviews and two focus group interviews we employed thematic content analysis. Among youngsters of Narva, a regional identity has developed and, like their Russian-speaking peers in previous surveys, most people consider themselves as Estonian Russians. Like the rest of Estonians, most youngsters studied see themselves as Northern Europeans, but they tend more than the aforementioned to identify as Eastern Europeans. Their identity is moulded by society, social media and close relationships with family and friends. The youngsters studied identify themselves primarily through gender, but family, age and life period, sexual orientation and acquired education level are also important referents. Both in the survey and in the interviews, identity insecurity resulting from living in two cultural spaces emerged, exacerbated by the war in Ukraine. Like their peers in Estonia, youngsters studied in Narva retrieve information about events in society mostly from social media. They prefer to follow Russian-language media, as their Estonian language skills are insufficient, and some news channels are paid. Values as manifestations of common sense are prescriptive, and they are not questioned, so long as they are considered useful guides. The values of youngsters in Narva reflect a weak sense of physical and material security and desires to strengthen them. Achievement is highly valued, and self-expression values are seen to be less important than for Estonian-speaking young people. Like the rest of Russophone Estonians, youngsters in Narva value security, achievement and power-oriented basic values more highly than their Estonian-speaking peers. The most desired goals for the youngsters studied in Narva include the pursuits of social recognition, independence and education. Among them are aspirations towards a successful career, independence from parents and good looks. The next important goals for them are material security, taking responsibility and graduating from university. Marriage and having children are valued much lower. Participation in civic activities is seen as the least important. The level of generalized trust in other people – an important precondition for participation in civil society activities – is significantly lower among youngsters in Narva than among their Estonian peers. Job security and a good salary are seen as the most important work values. However, opportunities to work in an enjoyable field, to use their abilities, to see the results of their work and to continuously improve themselves are also considered noteworthy desires. Opportunities for career advancement, job prestige, the ease of work and flexible working hours are seen as less desired goals. The prospect of unemployment is a major concern for the youngsters studied in Narva, more so than for other young people in Estonia. Many of them also fear that social injustice will worsen. On the other hand, they are less concerned than other Estonian youngsters about environmental pollution. Their fear of falling victim to physical violence is also greater than that of other young people in Estonia. The youngsters studied in Narva consider encouragement of the sense of responsibility in children as the most important educational value. The acquisition of determination, perseverance and independence is also highly valued. Cultivation of traditional values such as obedience and religiosity in children is considered the least important. Of the self-expression values, instilling tolerance towards others is the most highly valued. Narva youngsters tend to share the dominant view among young people in Estonia that the lives of today’s children will be more difficult than those of their own generation.},
  author = {Rämmer, Andu and Žuravljova, Maria and Kivimäe, Anne and Anderson, Maria},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13561},
  doi = {10.7592/MT2025.91.narva_noored},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7502 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1406992X},
  journal = {Maetagused},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 91,
  pages = {7-40},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Narva noorte väärtused ja identiteet (Values and identity of Narva youth)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7592/MT2025.91.narva_noored},
  year = 2025
}

@article{pantera2024global,
  abstract = {How does global integration affect environmental activism? I develop a theoretical argument which highlights that global integration’s effect is conditional on political ideology. Countries’ integration in the world society leads to diffusion of environmental attitudes. However, people’s political ideology restrains this positive effect. The assumed incompatibility between economic prosperity and environmental reform exerts a strong influence on attitudes of right-leaning individuals, who end up acting less for promoting environmental protection. I test this argument using multilevel model techniques on data from 35 European countries from 1980 to 2020. The results support my argument and show that global integration has an effect only on left-leaning individuals. In light of these results, the paper offers insights on the expansion of the environmental divide – ‘action gap’ – among individuals with different ideologies. The study also highlights how concerns about environmental consequences are.},
  author = {Pantera, Dafni Kalatzi},
  doi = {10.1080/09644016.2024.2386800},
  issn = {0964-4016},
  journal = {Environmental Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {670-693},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Does global integration foster environmental mobilization? The effect of global norms on environmental movement participation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2024.2386800},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2025
}

@article{persson2025ideological,
  abstract = {Why do governments facing economic crises sometimes engage organized producer groups in policymaking through social concertation, and sometimes proceed unilaterally? I argue that governments' choices to exclude or include unions and employers' organizations from policymaking can be underpinned by a motivation overlooked by prior corporatist theory: reassuring the markets. Under conditions of financialized globalization, international economic actors - creditors, credit rating agencies, investors, and international institutions - acquire a novel role as audiences to which policymakers seek to send signals to abate intensity of exogenous economic pressures. The article puts forward a novel theoretical account to explain governments' choice of signaling strategy - concertation or unilateralism - for the purpose of reassuring the markets. The argument is substantiated through a comparative analysis of policymaking in labor market, industrial relations, and pensions policy in Portugal, Italy, and Ireland during the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis (2010-14), drawing on seventy-three qualitative interviews and in-depth process tracing.},
  author = {Persson, Mikael and Sundell, Anders},
  doi = {10.1080/01402382.2025.2548607},
  issn = {1743-9655},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Ideological bias in policy implementation: public opinion and policy outcomes in 43 democracies},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2025.2548607},
  year = 2025
}

@article{li2025better,
  abstract = {The ongoing debate regarding personal autonomy's impact on well-being reveals a divide: universalists believe autonomy is universally prized across cultures and crucial for well-being, while relativists argue it is rooted in individualistic cultures. Through analyses of three independent, global datasets encompassing 247,417 participants (Studies 1–3), we observed a consistent positive correlation between autonomy and subjective well-being. However, this correlation was more pronounced in individualistic cultures than in collectivist ones. Furthermore, using an experimental dataset encompassing 16,750 participants (Study 4), we showed that cultural collectivism moderated the indirect effect of autonomy-supportive message on defiance via autonomous motivation. Lastly, in a pre-registered experiment involving 198 participants (Study 5), we discovered that an individual's interdependence orientation moderates the impact of autonomy-supportive message on defiance and subjective well-being. Importantly, this effect could be explained through the mechanism of internalization rather than social norms. In sum, these findings provide a nuanced understanding of autonomy's significance across cultural contexts, highlighting both universal and culturally specific aspects of autonomy's role in enhancing well-being.},
  author = {Li, Ruisi and Peng, Kaiping and Jiang, Linjia and Li, Jingjin and Wang, Fei},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1111/spc3.70064},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {17519004},
  journal = {Social and Personality Psychology Compass},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Good for All, Better for Individualists: Autonomy's Impact on Well‐Being Across the Globe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.70064},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2025
}

@article{2024environmental,
  abstract = {The focus of this article is on how social modernization, specifically the process of a gradual spread of emancipatory, or post-materialistic, value orientations, affects environmental attitudes in a comparative perspective. Based on the evolutionary theory of modernization developed by R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, we propose a sociological model of the formation of environmental attitudes that combines both micro- and macro-level perspectives and takes into account both subjective and objective factors. We test hypotheses derived from this model using a multi-level regression approach and data from public opinion surveys conducted as part of the 5th wave of the European Values Study (2017-2020; N = 56,368), as well as socio-economic statistics from 30 European countries. Our results show that both individual commitment to emancipatory values and the overall prevalence of these orientations in society are statistically significantly and positively correlated with the strength of pro-environmental views at the respective levels of analysis — more prominently at the country level, but values are the most important predictor of environmental attitudes at the individual level as well. Furthermore, there is a cross-level interaction: the more prevalent emancipatory orientations are in a specific country, the stronger the link between individual values and attitudes towards environmental issues. Additionally, the support for pro-environmental views slightly decreases with age and increases with the levels of education and income. This indicates that modernization contributes to the spread of a proenvironmental worldview not only through shifting prevalent normative beliefs but also through other mechanisms, particularly by expanding available action resources.},
  author = {Смигельски, Алиса and Соколов, Борис and Немировская, Анна},
  doi = {10.17323/1728-192x-2024-2-283-310},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1728192X},
  journal = {Социологическое обозрение},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {283-310},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Экологические установки и эмансипативные ценности: анализ данных Европейского исследования ценностей (Environmental Attitudes and Emancipative Values: Evidence from the European Values Study)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2024-2-283-310},
  volume = 23,
  year = 2024
}

@article{krawatzek2025young,
  abstract = {This article explores socio-political landscapes in the South Caucasus through lyrical sociology with an emphasis on memory, political positions and intergenerational relations. Focusing on young people, we leverage original quantitative and qualitative data. Armenian youth demonstrate the strongest generational continuity, the most positive view of the Soviet past and the imprint of a left-wing monolithic nation-building process. In Azerbaijan, memories of Soviet times are ambiguous, the generational rupture is mild and the national self-understanding reflects patterns of ‘civic dominion’. In Georgia, memories of the Soviet Union are mostly negative, the generational rupture is noticeable and the nation-building project is informed by multiple conflicting perspectives.},
  author = {Krawatzek, Félix and Pfeilschifter, Veronika},
  doi = {10.1080/09668136.2025.2492328},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1465-3427},
  journal = {Europe-Asia Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {588-616},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Young People, Politics and Society in the South Caucasus},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2025.2492328},
  volume = 77,
  year = 2025
}

@article{zheng2025estimating,
  abstract = {Income-health gradients vary in societies with diverse cultures and healthcare access levels, and generalized trust in unknown resources of health services may play a crucial role in these gradients. Multilevel models using a sample of 152,501 respondents from 89 societies are conducted to investigate the mediation effect of generalized trust in the correlation between relative income and self-rated health globally, and the moderating role of healthcare access in the association between relative income and self-rated health. Results show that individuals’ relative income significantly and positively predicts their generalized trust, which in turn significantly and positively predicts their self-rated health. In countries and regions with higher levels of healthcare access and quality, a higher level of relative income is positively correlated with increased self-rated health. This study theoretically contributes to the literature on income-health relationships by capturing medical resource access and individual characteristics. Specific policy recommendations include fostering generalized trust, improving healthcare education, and expanding telemedicine.},
  author = {Zheng, Jiansong and Zhang, Tao and Wang, Xi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1186/s12889-025-22783-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {14712458},
  journal = {BMC Public Health},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-10},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Estimating mechanisms linking relative income to self-rated health by multilevel modeling: the moderating role of healthcare access and quality index},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22783-4},
  volume = 25,
  year = 2025
}

@article{ildefonso2025revisiting,
  abstract = {This paper attempts to update one of the most entrenched controversies in the field of social mobility: the idea, as maintained by Featherman, Jones & Hauser (1974) in their well-known FJH hypothesis, that societies exhibit a fundamental similarity in social mobility rates. To do that, we exploit the main historical international database that allows a large degree of quality in the comparison due to standardization procedures. To achieve this goal, we utilize the main international historical databases (ISSP, EVS and ESS), enabling extensive cross-national comparisons. We use an alternative nonparametric approach based on the average of the global odds ratios (without requiring any statistical assumptions (as difference uniform). Our results confirm that there is no clear presence of distinct regimes of social mobility; rather, there is only a continuum with two breaking points above or below the threshold that includes the majority of countries. Those outside this threshold are few and are consistently recurrent.},
  author = {Ildefonso, Marqúes Perales and Sun, Xiaowei},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.13841 ; 10.4232/1.14226},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-025-03559-0},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA4800 v5.0.0 ; ZA8790 v1.0.0},
  issn = {15730921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {725-757},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2008 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP Social Inequality I-V Cumulation},
  title = {Revisiting the FJH Hypothesis: New Data and New Measure for an Old Question on Social Mobility},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03559-0},
  volume = 178,
  year = 2025
}

@article{valgardsson2025crisis,
  abstract = {In the study of politics, many theoretical accounts assume that we are experiencing a 'crisis of democracy', with declining levels of political trust. While some empirical studies support this account, others disagree and report 'trendless fluctuations'. We argue that these empirical ambiguities are based on analytical confusion: whether trust is declining depends on the institution, country, and period in question. We clarify these issues and apply our framework to an empirical analysis that is unprecedented in geographic and temporal scope: we apply Bayesian dynamic latent trait models to uncover underlying trends in data on trust in six institutions collated from 3,377 surveys conducted by 50 projects in 143 countries between 1958 and 2019. We identify important differences between countries and regions, but globally we find that trust in representative institutions has generally been declining in recent decades, whereas trust in 'implementing' institutions has been stable or rising.},
  author = {Valgarðsson, Viktor and Jennings, Will and Stoker, Gerry and Bunting, Hannah and Devine, Daniel and McKay, Lawrence and Klassen, Andrew},
  doi = {10.1017/S0007123424000498},
  issn = {00071234},
  journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-23},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {A Crisis of Political Trust? Global Trends in Institutional Trust from 1958 to 2019},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000498},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bohrer2024religion,
  abstract = {This HSR Supplement explores the dynamic relationship between economic growth, welfare systems, and religious behavior and affiliation across various European countries, offering a comprehensive examination of these intertwined factors. By analyzing trends over several decades, the study investigates how macroeconomic variables - such as GDP, welfare spending, and income inequality - shape individual religiosity and religious affiliation. Its primary objective is to assess how economic conditions and welfare investments influence shifts in personal and societal religious practices and affiliations. Building upon and critiquing existing theories, the study proposes a nuanced perspective on the evolving roles of modern welfare systems, examining whether these systems act as substitutes for or complements to traditional religious institutions. It delves into the complex interplay between human security and religious adherence, providing new insights into the changing relevance of religion in contemporary Europe. Additionally, it introduces a novel focus on the impact of political trust and constitutional mandates in shaping patterns of religious affiliation and behavior. Drawing from diverse datasets and employing robust methodologies, including time-series and multilevel analyses, this research bridges macro-level economic conditions with micro-level religious outcomes. By integrating economic, political, and cultural dimensions, it offers a holistic view of how large-scale transformations influence individual and collective religious expressions. This HSR Supplement makes a significant contribution to the sociology of religion by illuminating the intricate ways in which economic and political developments reshape Europe's religious landscape. It also opens new pathways for future research into the evolving role of religion in modern societies.Das HSR-Supplement untersucht die dynamische Beziehung zwischen Wirtschaftswachstum, Wohlfahrtssystemen und religiösem Verhalten und Zugehörigkeit in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern und bietet eine umfassende Untersuchung dieser miteinander verflochtenen Faktoren. Durch die Analyse von Trends über mehrere Jahrzehnte hinweg untersucht die Studie, wie makroökonomische Variablen - wie BIP, Sozialausgaben und Einkommensungleichheit - die individuelle Religiosität und Religionszugehörigkeit beeinflussen. Ihr Hauptziel ist es, zu bewerten, wie wirtschaftliche Bedingungen und Wohlfahrtsinvestitionen Veränderungen in persönlichen und gesellschaftlichen religiösen Praktiken und Zugehörigkeiten beeinflussen.},
  author = {Bohrer, Bryan},
  doi = {10.12759/hsr.suppl.35.2024.01},
  issn = {0936-6784},
  journal = {Historical Social Research, Supplement},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 35,
  pages = {7-188},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Religion in European Societies: Exploring the Role of Economy, Governance, and Constitutions in Changing Religious Landscapes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.suppl.35.2024.01},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{benczes2024economic,
  abstract = {The new millennium has seen the rise of right-wing populism all over the world. Central and Eastern Europe offers an interesting case study insofar as populism has become a mainstream political movement. By focusing on Czechia, Hungary, Poland and SlovakiaSlovakia (known as the Visegrad 4), the chapter demonstrates that the rise and consolidation of populism in the region can be best interpreted as a Polányian countermovement, i.e., a firm reaction to the neoliberal agenda of economic and political transformation. The high cost of the transformation along with the disillusionment in European integration, as the latter has not managed to secure the living standard at the Western European level for new member states of the European Union, made these countries highly susceptible to such countermovements against neoliberalism in the economy and the traditional party system in politics. Countermovements, however, occurred in the form of populism.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Benczes, István and Vigvári, Gábor},
  booktitle = {Neoliberal Economic Policy and the Rise of Right-Wing Populism: Western Civilization at the Crossroads},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-74979-7_11},
  editor = {Komlos, John},
  isbn = {9783031749797},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {313-352},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Economic Populism in Four East-European Countries: A Polanyian Countermovement?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74979-7_11},
  year = 2024
}

@article{travaglino2025geopolitics,
  abstract = {Civic honesty—the moral standards that define citizens’ commitment to the public good—serves a fundamental role in societal functioning. Prior research has emphasized the role of vertical trust (trust in institutions) and horizontal trust (trust in fellow citizens) in predicting the endorsement of such standards among citizens. However, this research has mainly focused on the political conditions typical of the Global North while neglecting environments where criminal organizations, such as mafias, challenge state sovereignty and its monopoly over governance functions. Using a mixed-effects multilevel model and an extended Johnson–Neyman method for multiple moderators, we analyzed the role of two crucial contextual factors (i.e., criminal groups’ influence and state resilience) on the relationships between trust and civic honesty across 84 countries (N = 132,602). Results revealed that vertical trust is positively associated with civic honesty in contexts where the influence of criminal groups is lower and state resilience is higher. However, this relationship reverses when the influence of criminal groups is stronger and state resilience is weaker, suggesting that, in these circumstances, trust in institutions may reflect trust in (and adherence to) a system that is corrupt. In contrast, horizontal trust was negatively associated with civic honesty only in states characterized by lower resilience. Policy implications and future research directions are discussed.},
  author = {Travaglino, Giovanni A. and Mirisola, Alberto and Burgmer, Pascal and Moon, Chanki and Mendola, Daria and Giammusso, Isabella},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13899},
  doi = {10.1111/josi.70023},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00224537},
  journal = {Journal of Social Issues},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {The Geopolitics of Civic Honesty: The Role of Interpersonal and Political Trust Amid Varying Degrees of Mafia Influence and State Resilience},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.70023},
  volume = 81,
  year = 2025
}

@article{parvadov2025antiimmigrant,
  abstract = {This article examines how the level of formal education moderates the relationship between material and symbolic predictors and anti-immigrant attitudes at the individual level. The theoretical framework of the study is group threat theory. Material predictors are the respondents’ income and labor market status. Ethnic and civic identity, individual religiosity, generalized trust are considered as symbolic predictors. The empirical material was survey data from the last fifth wave of the European Values Study (EVS2017) in 30 countries (total final sample size N = 26873) collected between 2017 and 2022. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to construct the dependent variable and key predictors. The main method of the study was multilevel regression modeling followed by moderation analysis. Based on regional differences in attitudes towards immigrants, the sample is divided into two groups: Eastern and Western Europe. Interactions of respondents’ formal education with civic identity and income variables for both subsamples, and with individual religiosity and generalized trust variables for Eastern Europe showed statistical significance. Higher education is associated with more positive attitudes toward immigrants in Eastern and Western Europe, regardless of respondents’ income, suggesting support for the liberalizing effect of higher education across varying socioeconomic status. Regional differences in the moderations of civic identity and individual religiosity require further clarification. In Eastern Europe, education reinforces the effect of generalized trust on anti-immigrant attitudes. No such relationship was found in Western Europe.},
  author = {Parvadov, S.O. and Tenisheva, K.A.},
  doi = {10.31857/S0132162525070128},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {01321625},
  journal = {Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 7,
  pages = {135-146},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Антииммигрантские установки в Европе: формальное образование как модератор материальных и символических предикторов (Anti–Immigrant Attitudes in Europe: Formal Education as a Moderator of Material and Symbolic Predictors)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31857/S0132162525070128},
  year = 2025
}

@article{osterhuber2025societal,
  abstract = {Why did democratisation outcomes differ in Croatia and Serbia despite similar legacies of authoritarian rule, ethnic war, and a comparable set of democratic institutions? Whereas Croatia became an EU member as a consolidated democracy in 2014, Serbia grappled with illiberalism and political violence. In a most similar systems designed (MSSD) framework and based on longitudinal survey data, this paper argues that differences in civil society, state identity, and nationalism gave rise to distinct political cultures and value systems that shaped democratisation outcomes. Serbia experienced more pronounced ethnic nationalism, state identity did not align with Europeanisation, and civil society was unable to act as interest aggregator and constructive counterweight to government. Croatia, on the other hand, earned the trust of powerful international sponsors, fostered civic nationalism, and managed to contain opposition to proceedings of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Theoretically, the key contributions are the operationalization of a participatory notion of democracy as well as the application and adaptation of democratisation theory to the idiosyncrasies of the former Yugoslavia. Moreover, in emphasizing the significance of the democratic consolidation process beyond fundamental elements like voting and representation, the findings suggest that the EU needs more than a checklist of institutional requisites for a successful neighbourhood policy and potential enlargement in the Southeast.},
  author = {Osterhuber, Moritz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12458},
  doi = {10.82191/lseidr.41},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v4.0.0},
  journal = {LSE International Development Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The societal dimension of post-authoritarian democratisation in Croatia and Serbia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.82191/lseidr.41},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{high2022culture,
  abstract = {Despite several strong, well-developed theories, scholars have yet to determine the extent to which national culture influences individual attitudes. In particular, the influence of culture on prejudice has been neglected in comparative, cross-national research. This paper closes that research gap by analyzing the impact of national cultures of prejudice in one period on individual-level prejudice in a subsequent period. Multilevel analyses of pooled data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study (WVS/EVS) show that adding cultural prejudice to a baseline model of the “usual suspects” for influencing prejudice results in a strong standardized regression coefficient of 0.213 and increases R2 from 0.031 to 0.079. Neither the individual-level variables nor the macro-level socioeconomic variable has nearly so strong an effect. This finding supports the hypothesis that culture matters independently, although not as strongly as predicted by dominant ideology and hegemony hypotheses. Moreover, effects previously ascribed to the direct influence of other variables, notably GDP in post-materialist theory, may, in fact, be mediated through culture. Temporal priority, combined with conceptual validity and a wide array of controls for other potential influences, makes a strong (although not certain) case for a causal connection.},
  address = {Reno},
  author = {High, Catherine},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Nevada},
  stusy = {EVS},
  title = {Culture Matters: National Cultures of Ethno-Religious-Immigrant Prejudice Stimulate Individual Attitudes to an Important but Limited Extent},
  year = 2022
}

@article{seitova2025cosmopolitanism,
  abstract = {This study investigates how cosmopolitan orientation, social trust, and diffuse support for democracy are associated with attitudes toward immigrants in Europe. Using data from 59,037 respondents across 36 countries, we employ multilevel modeling to explore the individual and contextual factors related to these attitudes. Our findings confirm that cosmopolitan orientation shows the strongest positive association with favorable attitudes, followed by social trust and diffuse support for democracy. However, the strength of these relationships varies systematically across countries, with the association between democratic values and immigrant attitudes showing a clear regional pattern. The relationship between cosmopolitan orientation and favorable attitudes toward immigrants is stronger among individuals with higher diffuse support for democracy. Cross-country analyses reveal that the positive association between democratic values and immigrant attitudes is strongest in Western and Nordic European countries, while being weaker or even negative in some Eastern European contexts. Control variables such as education, age, household income, and political orientation also significantly correlate with attitudes. By advancing understanding of the interplay between individual dispositions and national contexts, this study offers novel insights into factors associated with attitudes toward immigrants in contemporary Europe.},
  author = {Seitova, Dilyara and Kovacs, Monika},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102178},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {01471767},
  journal = {International Journal of Intercultural Relations},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Cosmopolitanism, trust, and democratic support shaping immigrant attitudes: A multilevel analysis across 36 European countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102178},
  volume = 106,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{pickel2025slowenien,
  abstract = {Nach 1989 hat Slowenien die beiden kritischen Phasen – die Trennung von Jugoslawien und die formale Errichtung eines demokratischen Systems – mit nur geringen Unterbrechungen erfolgreich durchlaufen. Die wichtigsten Herausforderungen betreffen die Menschenrechte, den Mangel an politischem Vertrauen und die daraus resultierende Instabilität des Parteiensystems, sowie die politische und wirtschaftliche Korruption. Diese Faktoren beeinträchtigen die Stabilität von Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in Slowenien insgesamt. Gerade in der Covid-19-Pandemie traten diese Herausforderungen noch deutlicher hervor und haben zu einer temporären Regression der ansonsten stabilen Demokratie geführt.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Pickel, Susanne and Bickl, Thomas and Kustec, Simona},
  booktitle = {Die politischen Systeme im östlichen Europa: Institutionen, Akteure und Prozesse},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-43647-6_6},
  editor = {Priebus, Sonja and Beichelt, Timm},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783658436476},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {105-125},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Slowenien: Parlamentarisches System und polarisierte politische Kultur},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43647-6_6},
  year = 2025
}

@article{palikot2025progressing,
  abstract = {In psychological science, researchers have long explored how individuals interact with their cultural context. Although it is commonly accepted that cultural factors shape individuals, the extent of this influence has not been clearly established. Some argue that culture profoundly shapes the human psyche, while others suggest a more limited cultural influence. This paper synthesizes these perspectives and reframes the inquiry from ?To what extent is an individual?s life cultural?? to ?Which life domains are cultural?? To address this empirically, we sourced data from 147,260 participants residing in 88 different countries, who reported on 243 variables across, representing a wide range of different life domains. We analyzed 1,328 parameters derived from Intraclass Correlation Coefficients and Within-and-Between Analysis I, which quantify the proportion of variance in phenomena explained by differences at four levels of grouping: country, cultural zones, regions, and residential areas. We found that domains such as religious values, sexuality, social capital, and beliefs about out-groups vary significantly across cultures, whereas economic values, children?s qualities, perceptions of science and technology, and organizational affiliation show less variation. We situate these findings within models explaining societal constructs based on chronology, complexity, and evolutionary obligations.},
  author = {Palikot, Ewa and Haas, Brian W. and Kryś, Kuba},
  doi = {10.1177/00220221251387688},
  issn = {00220221},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Progressing Discourse From “How Much a Human’s Life is Cultural?” to “Which Life Domains Are Cultural?”},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221251387688},
  year = 2025
}

@article{tausch2024nonviolent,
  abstract = {This study focuses on the analysis of public opinion survey data on trust and participation in environmental movements around the world contained in the World Values Survey, covering 58 countries and territories from 2017 onwards. Are we witnessing a greening of the Global East and South? And are these movements characterized by non-violence and the rejection of terrorism? Most of the existing, highly influential studies on this topic are based on earlier waves of the World Values Survey with only a limited number of countries from the Global East and South covered in the surveys. Our multivariate analysis suggests that, in today's world, it is rather the Global East and South that are 'greening' and where environmental movements enjoy the highest levels of participation and confidence. We also develop a parametric, factor-analytic index of non-violent and democratic green movements around the globe.},
  author = {Tausch, Arno},
  doi = {10.30884/jogs/2024.02.07},
  journal = {Journal of Globalization Studies},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {109-133},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Non-Violent, Democratic and Green Movements in the Global East and South? Analyzing World Values Survey Data in 58 Countries and Territories from 2017–2021},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.30884/jogs/2024.02.07},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2024
}

@article{topcu2024psychological,
  abstract = {Valued living involves aligning one’s actions with one’s personal values, which can contribute to mental strength and psychological resilience. The present study aimed to examine the importance of living a valued life in maintaining mental strength, particularly during challenging times. In addition, it identifies the culturally relevant values that strengthen adults. Our study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative phase, 493 adults completed the following scales Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Short Form (CD-RISC-10), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). We calculated Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to conduct the path analysis. For the qualitative phase, we recruited 15 participants from a larger quantitative sample based on their scores obtained on administered scales and conducted in-depth interviews along with researcher’s journal and memos. Based on our quantitative findings, this study indicates that the concept of valued living serves as a mediating factor between psychological resilience and mental health outcomes. In our qualitative analysis, we identified certain values (e.g., acceptance, love, and goodwill) that serve to empower adults during challenging periods. The findings of this study are deemed to serve as a reference for the formulation and implementation of interventions intended to strengthen psychological resilience, from the viewpoints of both mental health specialists and psychological counselors.},
  author = {Topçu, Feyza and Dinç, Mehmet},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1007/s12144-024-06552-x},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1936-4733},
  journal = {Current Psychology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Psychological resilience and valued living in difficult times: mixed method research in cultural context},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06552-x},
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{boring2021turning,
  address = {Rotterdam},
  author = {Boring, Anne and Moroni, Gloria},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Turning Back the Clock: Beliefs in Gender Norms During Lockdown},
  url = {http://www.anneboring.com/uploads/5/6/8/5/5685858/boring-moroni_turning_back_the_clock-beliefs_about_gender_roles_during_lockdown.pdf.; https://www.eur.nl/en/ese/events/turning-back-clock-beliefs-gender-norms-during-lockdown-2021-05-27},
  year = 2021
}

@article{sorg2025fighting,
  abstract = {Scholars have found that citizens’ willingness to fight for their country has decreased globally since the 1980s. Some posit this as the underpinning of the ‘long peace’, contending that rising economic prosperity decreases the tolerance for sacrificing one’s life. For governments trying to recruit military personnel, this trend is viewed as detrimental to one’s country’s defence capability. However, we show that this diminishing willingness to fight has not only decelerated in the past decade but has even reversed in some countries. Contrary to the notion of a continuous decline, we maintain that alongside previously identified factors, proximate conflicts affect citizens’ willingness to fight. First, they challenge the view of international relations as cooperative, instead reinforcing a perception of global politics as inherently conflictual. Second, witnessing armed conflicts nearby heightens citizens’ sense of threat, leading them to take the possibility of aggression more seriously and to feel increasingly vulnerable to future conflict. Consequently, they show an increased willingness to fight. In our empirical analysis, we find strong support for the notion that proximate conflict increases citizens’ willingness to fight.},
  author = {Sorg, Alexander and Wagner, Wolfgang and Onderco, Michal},
  doi = {10.1017/eis.2025.12},
  issn = {2057-5637},
  journal = {European Journal of International Security},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Fighting for their country: How proximate conflict shapes citizens’ attitudes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2025.12 },
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{cascavilla2023drives,
  abstract = {The present thesis aims to provide new empirical evidence on how the tax compliance  attitude of individuals could be shaped by three factors: the social capital, the  intergenerational labour mobility, and the individual ́s concern about climate change.},
  address = {Castellò de la Plana},
  author = {Cascavilla, Alessandro},
  doi = {10.6035/14102.2023.5732858},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Universitat Jaume I},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {What drives the tax compliance attitude of individuals? The role of social ties, welfare state and environmental concern in tax morale},
  type = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.6035/14102.2023.5732858},
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{bartels2017political,
  abstract = {I examine the relationship between public opinion and social spending in thirty affluent democracies over the past three decades. I find that governments’ responsiveness to citizens’ preferences was highly skewed in favor of affluent citizens, who were generally less supportive of the welfare state than poor citizens were. This bias in responsiveness reduced the equilibrium level of social spending in most countries by 10-15\%. Separate analyses of subsets of country- years differentiated by political culture, democratic consolidation, electoral and policy-making institutions, national wealth, and economic inequality produced significant evidence of severe disparities in responsiveness in every case. These findings suggest that political inequality is rampant in contemporary affluent democracies.},
  author = {Bartels, Larry M.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  institution = {Vanderbilt University},
  keywords = {2017 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-76},
  series = {Working paper},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Political Inequality in Affluent Democracies: The Social Welfare Deficit},
  year = 2017
}

@article{ballantyne2025questioning,
  abstract = {This article illustrates that the comparatively high national rate of early childhood education and care provision in Spain masks significant within-country variation. It applies Qualitative Comparative Analysis to test which conditions explain variation in regional coverage rates as the outcome. It finds that there is a socio-economic and a political path to high coverage. Case studies reveal that service expansion has also been motivated by concerns over demographic ageing and population decline. The article contributes to the literatures on early childhood education and care and, more broadly, social investment and welfare state reform.},
  author = {Ballantyne, Steven},
  doi = {10.1080/13876988.2024.2439266},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1387-6988},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {165-189},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Questioning National Averages and Explaining Subnational Variation in Early Childhood Education and Care Provision in Spain: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2024.2439266},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2025
}

@article{rybak2025analiza,
  abstract = {Methodological documentation serves as the primary source of information about sampling schemes, fieldwork procedures and related sources of potential measurement error in survey research. The quality of such documentation, including its completeness and standardization, is crucial for conducting methodological analyses based on inventories of multiple comparative survey programmes. Individual examples and quantitative summaries of historical development, as well as current methodological reports, serve as a foundation for reflecting on potential future analyses based on large methodological inventories. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to thoroughly analyse the gathered data, identify critical issues, and prepare proposals for a standardized report format suitable for automatic processing. The implementation of these proposals could enhance the capacity to conduct extensive methodological analyses. Given the increasing costs and labour intensity of survey research, both substantial and methodological data should be thoroughly utilized. The analysis is based on a methodological inventory of 10,493 surveys from 30 comparative programmes, spanning all inhabited continents. The paper demonstrates the challenges encountered during data collection and presents completeness indicators for both selected programmes and the complete dataset. The findings reveal that low levels of standardization between analysed methodological reports necessitate a critical evaluation of current practices. This situation impedes the development of future methodological inventories. The paper identifies critical barriers to creating quantitative comparisons of documentation quality and proposes solutions. Additionally, it presents a standardized report format addressing existing issues and potentially facilitating harmonization efforts.},
  author = {Rybak, Adam},
  doi = {10.14746/rpeis.2025.87.1.15},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  journal = {Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {287-309},
  study = {CSES 1996-2020 ; ISSP 1985-2022 ; Eurobarometer 1974-2019},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Analiza jakości dokumentacji metodologicznej sondaży: Studium przypadku inwentaryzacji 30 programów badań porównawczych z całego świata},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.14746/rpeis.2025.87.1.15},
  volume = 87,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bles2025skill,
  abstract = {Despite the growing importance of ICT skills, little is known about how structural contexts are associated with cross-national differences in adults’ ICT proficiency. Using PIAAC data linked with macro-indicators for 19 European countries, the authors examine five contextual domains: ICT infrastructure, ICT services, adult education, labor market demand, and gender inequality. Multilevel analyses show that ICT infrastructure and skill demand are most strongly associated with proficiency. Adult education is linked mainly to higher proficiency among the highly educated, while ICT services and gender inequality show no consistent associations. Contextual influences are stratified: less-educated adults benefit most in contexts of high skill demand, whereas highly educated adults are more strongly associated with adult education systems. These findings identify structural conditions linked to digital skill disparities and inform inclusive digital policy.},
  access-dc = {open access},
  author = {Bles, Per and Müller, Nora and Lutz, Lynn-Malou},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13841},
  doi = {10.1163/15691330-bja10151},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {749-800},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {ICT skill disparities across Europe: The role of contextual determinants},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10151},
  volume = 24,
  year = 2025
}

@inproceedings{ljubisic2025confessional,
  abstract = {This study explores the impact of religious affiliation on value orientations in Europe, focusing on the cultural and contextual influences on political behavior. Specifically, it examines how confessional identity shapes value systems and, consequently, political attitudes across European societies. Utilizing data from the European Values Study (EVS) 2017, the research tests the hypothesis that religious affiliation significantly predicts variations in individual value orientations, including political trust, democratic orientation, nationalism, and materialism. The study employs multivariate regression analysis to evaluate how these orientations differ between religious groups (Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox Christians, and Muslims) compared to non-religious individuals (atheists). The results suggest that religious groups exhibit distinct value patterns, particularly regarding trust and national identity, which influence political behavior such as voting tendencies and civic participation. The study highlights the importance of religious affiliation as a factor in shaping socio-political dynamics, with implications for understanding the role of social identity in political engagement. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on the relationship between religion, culture, and political behavior in Europe, emphasizing the need for further exploration of the intersection between religion and values in political science.},
  address = {Belgrade},
  author = {Ljubišić, Sofija},
  booktitle = {Challenges Facing Religion And The Church In Postmodern Digital Society},
  editor = {Bašić, Goran},
  eventdate = {05.09.-06.09.2025},
  eventtitle = {The 10th Annual International Academic Conference: Challenges facing Religion and the Church in postmodern Digital Society},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-86-7093-289-0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Institute of Social Sciences},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Confessional affiliation as a predictor of value differences between countries in Europe: the impact on political culture and electoral behavior},
  venue = {Silver Lake, Veliko Gradište},
  year = 2025
}

@article{vinciotti2024joint,
  abstract = {Cultural values vary significantly around the world. Despite a large heterogeneity, similarities across national cultures are present. This article studies cross-country culture heterogeneity via the joint inference of country-specific copula graphical models from world-wide survey data. To this end, a random graph generative model of the cultural networks is introduced, with a latent space and proximity measures that embed cultural relatedness across countries. Within-country heterogeneity is also accounted for, via parametric modelling of the marginal distributions of each cultural trait. Altogether, the different components of the model are able to identify several dimensions of culture.},
  author = {Vinciotti, Veronica and Benedictis, Luca De and Wit, Ernst C},
  doi = {10.1093/jrsssa/qnae131},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {09641998},
  journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-14},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Joint modelling of national cultures accounting for within and between-country heterogeneity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jrsssa/qnae131},
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{wagner2021unequal,
  address = {Geneva},
  author = {Wagner, Manuel},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 26,
  pages = 73,
  series = {UNEQUAL DEMOCRACIES Working paper},
  title = {Unequal Representation and Direct Democracy: The Case of Switzerland},
  url = {http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:157179},
  year = 2021
}

@article{hjermitslev2025darwinism,
  abstract = {In this article, I address the history of Darwinism in Denmark with a focus on how the theory of evolution has been part of cultural, religious, and educational battles from its introduction by freethinkers such as Georg Brandes and Vilhelm Rasmussen to modern-day creationism. Special attention is given to the role of science popularisation and the scientific marketplace, as well as to the specific Protestant context in which Darwinism was introduced. The Danish case is compared with developments in Spain, Britain, and the United States in order to draw broader conclusions about the global appropriation of Darwinism. The article concludes by outlining avenues for further research on the history of Darwinism and the relationship between science and religion.},
  author = {Hjermitslev, Hans Henrik},
  doi = {10.2436/20.2006.01.253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {2013-9640},
  journal = {Actes d’Història de la Ciència i de la Tècnica},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {107-134},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Darwinism in Denmark: Reflections on the History of Evolution and Religion from the Cultural Struggles in the 1870s to Modern Creationism},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2436/20.2006.01.253},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{gavresi2020religion,
  abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of the literature that associates religiosity and religious affiliation with the prevalence and severity of COVID-19. It first discusses studies on the interplay between religiosity, health outcomes, COVID-19 spread, compliance with vaccination policies, and trust. The chapter then focuses on methodological challenges in exploring the religiosity-COVID-19 relationship and reviews the literature that uses data from different world regions. The empirical literature suggests that in regions where individuals manifest a higher degree of religiosity, the COVID-19 mortality rates are conditionally higher. Interestingly, the correlation between religiosity and COVID-19 mortality rates is particularly strong in Protestant and Catholic regions, while weaker for other denominations. Thus, it can be conferred that religious denomination and the degree of religiosity Religiosityplay an important role in the spread of the virus. A hypothesized mechanism is that in regions with a high degree of religiosity, the social interactions are more intense, particularly those driven by higher religious attendance, suggesting that these aspects should be embedded in policies with the aim of maximizing their effectiveness for future disease outbreaks.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Gavresi, Despina and Litina, Anastasia and Tsitou, Sofia},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_452-1},
  editor = {Zimmermann, Klaus F.},
  isbn = {9783319573656},
  keywords = {2020 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Religion and COVID-19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_452-1},
  year = 2020
}

@phdthesis{olsson2021parnassen,
  address = {Stockholm },
  author = {Olsson, Helena and Rehe, Robert},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro other phdthesis},
  language = {other},
  school = {Stockholm Universitet},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Parnassen, pengarna eller päronen? : En kvantitativ studie av kopplingen mellan socioekonomisk bakgrund och sociokulturella samt socioekonomiska värderingar.},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193476},
  year = 2021
}

@phdthesis{hill2018soziale,
  abstract = {Die Frage nach dem Zusammenhalt einer ganzen Gesellschaft ist eine der zentralen Fragen der Sozialwissenschaften und Soziologie. Seit dem Übergang in die Moderne bildet das Problem des Zusammenhalts von sich differenzierenden Gesellschaften den Gegenstand des wissenschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Diskurses. In der vorliegenden Studie stellt soziale Integration eine Form der gelungenen Vergesellschaftung dar, die sich in der Reproduktion von symbolischen und nicht-symbolischen Ressourcen artikuliert. Das Resultat dieser Reproduktion sind pluralistische Vergesellschaftungen, die, bezogen auf politische Präferenzen, konfligierende Interessen verursachen. Diese Präferenzen kommen in unterschiedlichen Formen, in ihrer Intensität und Wahrnehmung der politischen Partizipation zum Ausdruck. Da moderne politische Herrschaft aufgrund der rechtlichen und institutionellen Ausstattung einen bedeutsamen Einfluss auf soziale Reproduktion ausüben kann (z.B. durch Sozialpolitik), stellt direkte Beeinflussung politischer Entscheidungen, als Artikulation von sich aus den Konfliktlinien etablierenden, unterschiedlichen Präferenzen, das einzige legitime Mittel zwecks Umverteilung von Ressourcen auf der Ebene des Politischen dar. Somit wird die Konnotation zwischen Integration und politischer Partizipation sichtbar. In die Gesellschaft gut integrierte Mitglieder sind aufgrund einer breiten Teilnahme an Reproduktionsprozessen in der Lage, eigene Interessen zu erkennen und durch politische Aktivitäten zum Ausdruck zu bringen. Die empirischen Befunde scheinen den Eindruck zu vermitteln, dass der demokratische Konflikt in der modernen Gesellschaft nicht mehr direkt von Klassenzugehörigkeit und Klasseninteressen geprägt wird, sondern durch den Zugang zu und die Verfügbarkeit von symbolischen und nicht-symbolischen Ressourcen geformt wird. In der Konsequenz lautet die Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit, ob integrierte Gesellschaften politisch aktiver sind. Die Fragestellung der Arbeit wird mithilfe von Aggregatdaten demokratisch-verfasster politischer Systemen untersucht, die als etablierte Demokratien gelten und unterschiedlich Breite  wohlfahrtstaatlichen Maßnahmen aufweisen. Die empirische Überprüfung der Hypothesen erfolgte mithilfe von bivariaten und multivariaten Regressionsanalysen. Die überprüften Hypothesen lassen sich folgend in einer Hypothese zusammenfassen: Je stärker die soziale Integration einer Gesellschaft, desto größer ist die konventionelle bzw. unkonventionelle politische Partizipation. Verallgemeinert ist die Aussage zulässig, dass soziale Integration einer Gesellschaft positive Effekte auf die Häufigkeit politischer Partizipation innerhalb dieser Gesellschaft hat. Stärker integrierte Gesellschaften sind politisch aktiver und dies unabhängig von der Form (konventionelle oder unkonventionelle) politischer Beteiligung. Dabei ist der direkte Effekt der gesamtgesellschaftlichen Integration auf die konventionellen Formen stärker als auf unkonventionellen. Diese Aussage ist nur zulässig, wenn die Elemente des Wahlsystems, wie z.B. Verhältniswahlrecht, und das BIP nicht berücksichtigt werden. Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse mit Kontrollvariablen erlauben die Daten die auf die Makroebene bezogene Aussage, dass neben einem hohen Niveau sozialer Integration auch ein durch (Mit-)Beteiligung bestimmtes Wahlsystem und ein hoher wirtschaftlicher Entwicklungsgrad begünstigend für ein hohes Niveau politischer Partizipation sind.},
  address = {Potsdam},
  author = {Hill, Lukasz},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro german phdthesis},
  language = {german},
  school = {Universität Potsdam},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Soziale Integration und politische Partizipation in Demokratien: Weshalb sind einige Gesellschaften politisch aktiver als andere},
  type = {P.h.D Thesis},
  url = {https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/42007},
  year = 2018
}

@article{tuzov2025understanding,
  abstract = {Introduction: Prejudice toward sexual minorities remains pervasive despite many nations gravitating toward liberalism. Religion continues to be a significant predictor of prejudice against homosexuality, even in more liberal countries. This study contributes to the existing literature on sexual prejudice by examining the roles of religiosity, happiness, and democracy at both individual and country levels to better understand the complex nature of sexual prejudice toward homosexuals. Methods: Using a joint dataset from the European Value Survey and World Values Survey collected from 34 European countries between 2017 and 2022 (N = 43,249), we tested the role of religiosity, democratic values, and happiness as potential predictors of sexual prejudice toward homosexuals. Results: Results demonstrate a strong relationship between religiosity and sexual prejudice, while democratic values and happiness were associated with greater acceptance of homosexuality. Further moderation analysis revealed significant variation in tolerance toward homosexuals. Specifically, the acceptance of homosexuality among religious individuals is associated with their levels of happiness and support for democratic values. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of a multi-level approach to understanding the complexities of prejudice against homosexuals. Policy Implications: The evidence can inform proactive measures to prevent discrimination against sexual minority groups and enhance their legal protection.},
  author = {Tuzov, Viktor and Boateng, Raymond Agyenim},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1007/s13178-025-01084-w},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1553-6610},
  journal = {Sexuality Research and Social Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1778–1793},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Understanding Sexual Prejudice Across European Nations: The Role of Religiosity, Democratic Values, and Happiness},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-025-01084-w},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2025
}

@article{leon2025shaping,
  abstract = {In recent decades, prostitution has emerged a highly debated issue among policymakers and the general public. Given the limited research in this field, this study investigates public attitudes toward the regulation of women’s prostitution through latent class analysis. It also examines the factors that correlate with these attitudes, focusing on psychosocial factors (rape myth acceptance, sexist attitudes, and comfort with sexuality) and individual characteristics (gender, age, and religiosity), as well as behaviors related to pornography consumption and the purchase of sexual services. The sample consisted of 363 Italian participants (53.9% women, M = 24.8 years). The findings reveal ambivalence in public attitudes toward the regulation of women’s prostitution, reflecting the lack of clear legislative frameworks on the issue. Rape myth acceptance and comfort with sexuality were positively associated with greater support for the legalization of prostitution. In contrast, women and religiously active individuals were more likely to favor a moderate abolitionist stance compared to men and non-religious respondents. Benevolent sexism was positively correlated with support for the criminalization of prostitution, while hostile sexism did not show a significant association with any of the regulatory models considered. The results are discussed in relation to the concept of the “politics of morality”, highlighting how public attitudes toward prostitution intersect with broader moral and ideological perspectives.},
  author = {Leon, Carmen M. and Berlin, Elisa and Rollero, Chiara},
  doi = {10.1007/s12119-025-10367-8},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {19364822},
  journal = {Sexuality & Culture},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {2279–2302},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Shaping Views on the Regulation of Women’s Prostitution: The Role of Individual Characteristics and Psychosocial Factors},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-025-10367-8},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2025
}

@article{ramos2024impact,
  abstract = {Belief systems are core organizing factors of social attitudes and behaviors, and their study has highlighted the role of conservatism as a contributing mechanism in mitigating concerns associated with change avoidance, as well as the reduction of uncertainty and ambiguity in life. Moreover, these aspects seem to be consistently used as powerful tools in the political and social discourse of the far-right. Life and death ethics are an example of issues that deal with the need for stability and control over personal and social life that people endorsing conservative values seek to attain. There is a rich line of studies on the individual and social explanatory factors of political conservatism, but less attention has been dedicated to moral conservatism as an autonomous and meaningful concept. The current research follows a multilevel approach to disentangle the individual and contextual correlates of conservative attitudes toward life and death. Thus, besides looking at the influence of individual choices related to religion and political orientation, this study also seeks to analyse the impact of the context, introducing in the model variables measuring economic performance, social and gender inequality, religious diversity and the prevalence of materialism and post-materialism values. Multilevel models using data from the 34 countries that participated in the last wave of the European Values Study (2017–2020), revealed an association between far-right orientation and conservative attitudes toward life and death, and that this relationship is moderated by materialism/post-materialism values, economic performance, and social inequality. Our findings reinforce the role of democracy as an environment where freedom of choice and thought are indisputable rights, cherished by most of the populations, regardless of their political position or their stance on moral issues.},
  author = {Ramos, Alice and Pereira, Cícero Roberto and Soboleva, Natalia and Vaitonytė, Meda},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2023.1159916},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {2673-3145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The impact of far-right political orientation and cultural values on conservative attitudes toward life and death in Europe: a multilevel approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1159916},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{eriksson2024modern,
  abstract = {Social norms vary in strength across societies but prior research has not studied how this cultural variation depends on the behavior being constrained by the norm. Here we present the modern justifications theory, which centers on the different types of concerns that justify norms and how the relevance of these concerns differs between societies. Societies with more modern values are predicted to be more permissive toward behaviors that elicit concerns about religion and indecency, while simultaneously having stronger norms against behaviors that elicit harm and fairness concerns. These predictions differ from those of the well-known cultural tightness-looseness theory. We test these competing theories by linking available data on societies’ modern values and tightness with cross-cultural data on multiple norms in three key domains—cooperation, morality, and everyday behavior—and with new cross-cultural data on the justifications of these norms. We find that norm strength in every domain is better explained by modern values than by tightness. Importantly, the modernity gradient in norm strength varies across behaviors as predicted by modern justifications theory: societies with more modern values have stronger norms for certain behaviors and weaker norms for other behaviors and, in a preregistered study, we show that this variation in the modernity gradients of norms is explained by the extent to which the behavior elicits concerns about harm and fairness (rather than decency and religion). This approach thus yields new insights into observed cultural differences in social norms.},
  author = {Eriksson, Kimmo and Strimling, Pontus and Vartanova, Irina and Simpson, Brent},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4796292},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 64,
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The Modern Justifications Theory of How Social Norms Vary Across Behaviors and Societies},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4796292},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{vekovic2025belonging,
  address = {Leiden},
  author = {Veković, Marko},
  booktitle = {The Many Faces of Christianism: The ‘Russian World’ in Europe},
  doi = {10.1163/9789004731899_012},
  editor = {Van der Tol, Marietta and Johnson, Sophia R.C. and Kratochvíl, Petr and Grozdanov, Zoran},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {210-229},
  publisher = {Brill},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Belonging without Attending? National Identity and Contemporary Religious Patterns in Serbia},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004731899_012},
  year = 2025
}

@article{shkurova2024peculiarities,
  abstract = {It is noted that one of the key tasks of modern sociology of religion is to comprehend the phenomenon of religiosity, which is undergoing noticeable transformations today. The results of an international study of values are presented, which allows for an inter-country comparison of the religiosity of the population. Using a multidimensional cross-confessional approach to the study of religiosity, the involvement of the population of Belarus and Turkey in the activities of religious institutions, as well as the religious beliefs of Belarusians and Turks, is analysed. The main ideological, behavioural, organisational and normative indicators of the religiosity of the population of these countries are determined.},
  author = {Shkurova, A.V. and Dokuzlu, E.},
  gesis-study_no = {10.4232/1.13897},
  journal = {Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {78-86},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Peculiarities of Religiosity of the Belarusian and Turkish Population},
  url = {https://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/321130/1/Journal%20of%20the%20Belarusian%20State%20University.%20Sociology_2024_No.3.pdf#page=78},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2024
}

@mastersthesis{svendsen2022immigration,
  abstract = {The results of studies based on the effects of immigration on social capital are inconsistent. Immigration has also been shown to have different effects on different aspects of social capital. To study the effects of immigration on social capital on a country-level basis in Europe, I chose three variables to represent social capital and conducted a multi-level logistical regression with data from the European Values Study - using the 4th and 5th waves. By interpreting the effects of immigration on interpersonal trust, organizational membership, and trustworthiness we could not conclude either a positive or negative effect. In comparing the two waves we also could not determine whether the effects of immigration had been positively or negatively strengthened over time. An attempt was also made to isolate the effects of relative deprivation as an omitted variable in the relationship between immigration and social capital, without significant results.},
  address = {Trondheim},
  author = {Svendsen, Magnus Fossumstuen},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Norwegian University of Science and Technology},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Does Immigration Hurt Social Capital?},
  year = 2022
}

@phdthesis{slater2023essays,
  abstract = {This thesis is comprised of four empirical papers. The first paper (coauthored with Stefano Bartolini, Marcin Pieka lkiewicz and Francesco Sarracino), entitled “Social capital reduces the impact of social comparisons on subjective wellbeing: Evidence from international datasets”, uses EU-SILC, ESS and EVS-WVS cross-sectional data, and German SOEP panel data to show that social capital changes the association between income and subjective wellbeing, and the one between social comparisons and subjective wellbeing. The paper also tests the hypothesis that at the macro-level, in countries that are rich in social capital, the differences in subjective wellbeing between income groups are small, which is a consequence of the relatively smaller impact that income and social comparisons exert on wellbeing. The second paper, entitled “The wellbeing effects of social capital in times of a health crisis: the case of the Covid-19 pandemic”, uses monthly UKHLS data to assess whether social capital influenced the way people fared throughout the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper provides a theoretical intuition of the mechanisms via which social capital affects wellbeing and mental health in times of a health crisis, and provides evidence that social capital is beneficial to subjective wellbeing as it allows resilience. The third paper, entitled “Loneliness increases the probability of worse mental distress development during Covid-19” uses latent class analysis, a non-parametric model, to explore the heterogeneity in mental distress development in the UK during the Covid-19 pandemic. It subsequently relates individuals’ loneliness, a measure of lack of social capital, to the probability of being on either class of distress development. Results suggest that the probability of being on a trajectory of continuously high distress was significantly higher for people who are often or sometimes lonely, compared to non-lonely people. The last paper (coauthored with Stefano Bartolini and Francesco Sarracino), entitled “Do epidemics impose a trade-off between freedom and health? Evidence from Europe during Covid-19” analyses whether the extent to which governments imposed stringent containment policies in face of the pandemic was determined by the trust levels of citizens. Additionally it tests whether less stringent containment policies came at the expense of health. The findings suggest the trade-off between freedom and health depends on the levels of trust, in particular that the trade-off reduces with higher levels of trust. The conclusions of these papers all point to the need of promoting social capital as a critical element for people’s and societal wellbeing.},
  address = {Siena},
  author = {Slater, Giulia},
  doi = {10.25434/slater-giulia_phd2023},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Università di Siena},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Essays on Social Capital and Wellbeing},
  type = {PhD Thesis},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.25434/slater-giulia_phd2023},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{neuhuber2025simultaneity,
  abstract = {This chapter analyzes the relationships between economic growth, social infrastructure expenditure, and several dimensions of social capital (interpersonal trust, institutional trust, and participation) across 25 Ukrainian regions from 2006 to 2020. Given the potential endogeneity concerns highlighted in prior research regarding these variables, a Simultaneous Equations Model is employed to address their interdependent nature. The findings affirm significant interdependence between economic growth and social infrastructure expenditure, social infrastructure expenditure and participation, social infrastructure expenditure and institutional trust, as well as participation and interpersonal trust. These simultaneities create feedback loops, where social infrastructure expenditure, for instance, strengthens a region's social capital, subsequently further boosting social infrastructure expenditure. This dynamic can particularly pose challenges for regions already lagging behind, making it harder for them to promote either dimension. The results emphasize the need for tailored policies, not only relevant for Ukraine but also for other countries, especially those undergoing social or economic transformations or being characterized by regional disparities in social capital.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Neuhuber, Tatjana and Getzner, Michael and Moroz, Serhiy},
  booktitle = {A Research Agenda for Social Capital in Economic Development},
  doi = {10.4337/9781035315826},
  editor = {Akçomak, İbrahim Semih and Peiró-Palomino, Jesús},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9781035315826},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {117-149},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The simultaneity of social infrastructure spending, social capital and economic development in Ukraine},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035315826},
  year = 2025
}

@article{ozmen2025turkish,
  abstract = {This study examined the mediating role of ethno-cultural empathy in the relationship between contact quantity and attitudes toward Syrian refugees in a sample of Turkish University students. Using a cross-sectional design in a sample of 275 university students (Mage = 22.46), an online measurement tool was applied that included demographic information, contact quantity, ethno-cultural empathy, and attitudes toward Syrian refugees. The results showed that ethno-cultural empathy was positively related to both contact quantity and attitude toward Syrian refugees. Moreover, ethno-cultural empathy was found to play an important mediating role in the relationship between frequency of contact and attitudes towards Syrians. This finding reveals that an increase in contact quantity is associated with an increase in ethno-cultural empathy and this relationship positively affects attitudes towards Syrians. In the attitude of the local people toward the Syrian refugees, socio-political strategies were discussed and suggestions for future work were made.      },
  author = {Özmen, Mustafa and Alti, Abdullah},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13737},
  doi = {10.32674/bpp2xe37},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {25743481},
  journal = {Journal of Underrepresented & Minority Progress},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {163-184},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Turkish University StudentsAttitudes, Contact Quantity, and Ethno-cultural Empathy toward Syrian Refugees: A Mediation Model},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32674/bpp2xe37 },
  volume = 9,
  year = 2025
}

@book{anheier2024gender,
  abstract = {The status of women in the creative and cultural industries remains precarious. This comparative analysis provides insights from seven key economies to help understand progress towards gender equality in culture and the arts and the broader cultural economy. With empirical and policy analysis spanning Europe and the US, the authors investigate the extent to which gender equality has entered the mainstream along dimensions of leadership, access and awards, pay and pension gaps, work-life balance, and the monitoring of gender equality. While many of the structural barriers have been erased, countries differ significantly in how much gender equality has been achieved in the creative economy and how much female talent is lost and unrecognized. This book is essential reading for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners across the human and social sciences, especially those involved with arts management and the creative or cultural economy more broadly.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Anheier, Helmut K. and Markovic, Darinka},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003031123},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9781003031123},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Gender Equality and the Cultural Economy: Comparative Perspectives},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003031123},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{talin2010pluralisme,
  address = {Rennes},
  author = {Talin, Kristoff},
  booktitle = {Pluralisme religieux et citoyenneté},
  editor = {Milot, Micheline and Portier, Philippe and Willaime, Jean-Paul},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  isbn = {978-2-7535-1023-4},
  keywords = {2010 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {19-47},
  publisher = {Presses Universitaires de Rennes},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Pluralisme religieux et citoyenneté multidiniste : essai d’analyse comparative dans l’Union européenne},
  url = {https://www.pur-editions.fr},
  year = 2010
}

@techreport{ortegagil2021fiscal,
  author = {Ortega Gil, Manuela},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 43,
  series = {ICEPP Working Papers},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Fiscal Policies, Decentralization, and Life Satisfaction},
  url = {https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/icepp/213},
  year = 2021
}

@article{otteni2025empowerment,
  abstract = {This study examines how women’s political empowerment influences the gender gap in non-institutionalized political participation (protest, boycott and petition signing). It argues that gender differences in participation diminish as women attain greater political empowerment, defined as increasing equality in civil liberties, agency in civil society and public discourse, and political representation. Moreover, this paper emphasizes the significance of women’s political empowerment during the crucial formative years in young women’s political socialization. This study employs two extensive comparative survey datasets merged with data on female political empowerment from Varieties of Democracy, spanning nearly four decades and including 100 countries. Findings demonstrate that women’s political empowerment significantly reduces gender inequalities in non-institutionalized political participation, with the strongest effect occurring during the formative years. This research advances the understanding of the gender gap in political participation by demonstrating the pivotal role of women’s empowerment and the enduring influence of early socialization experiences.},
  author = {Otteni, Cyrill},
  doi = {10.1177/01925121251357720},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {01925121},
  journal = {International Political Science Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {From empowerment to participation: How women’s political empowerment shapes non-institutionalized political participation and reduces gender disparities},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121251357720},
  year = 2025
}

@book{mehlhaff2025polarization,
  abstract = {Mass polarization is one of the defining features of politics in the twenty-first century, but efforts to understand its causes and effects are often hindered by empirical challenges related to measurement and data availability. To address these challenges and provide a common standard of analysis for researchers, this Element presents the Polarization in Comparative Attitudes Project (PolarCAP). PolarCAP clearly defines polarization as a property of group relations and uses a Bayesian measurement model to estimate smooth panels of ideological and affective polarization across ninety-two countries and forty-nine years. The author uses these data to provide a descriptive account of mass polarization across time and space. They further show how PolarCAP facilitates substantive inference by applying it to three sets of variables often hypothesized as causes or consequences of polarization: institutional design, economic crisis, and democracy. Open-source software makes PolarCAP easily accessible to scholars and practitioners.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Mehlhaff, Isaac D.},
  isbn = {9781009350686},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  study = {EVS ; Eurobarometer ; CSES},
  title = {Mass Polarization Across Time and Space},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009350662},
  year = 2025
}

@article{brechon2024rupture,
  abstract = {Les jeunes d’aujourd’hui auraient perdu le sens de l’effort au travail et prioriseraient désormais leurs loisirs. Ces préjugés dépréciatifs sont pourtant démentis par une large enquête sur les valeurs des citoyens européens. Analyse.},
  author = {Bréchon, Pierre},
  doi = {10.3917/pro.399.0027},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {0033-0884},
  journal = {Revue Projet},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 2,
  pages = {27-31},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Une rupture générationnelle?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/pro.399.0027},
  volume = 399,
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{aizenman2021political,
  abstract = {Almost all countries announced fiscal support programs once COVID-19 hit. However, there was significant diversity in the magnitude and composition of these fiscal stimulus programs. These differences were determined by myriad political, financial, social, and economic factors - these factors are our focus. We ask what were the factors that are associated with the structure of the fiscal programs that governments chose to adopt in the early stage of the pandemic in 2020. We answer this question using details about the fiscal programs that were announced by 98 governments in the first six months of the pandemic, together with a large set of explanatory variables. Maybe not surprisingly, we find that politics played a very significant part in determining the size and composition of these fiscal programs. Governments and societies that are less polarized and more capable were able to mobilise more fiscal resources. We also find that it was governments with bigger debt loads that announced bigger programs, but that sovereign spreads were not so clearly associated with the size of these program plans. There is a limit, however, to what we can glean from these cross-country comparisons. Ultimately, the understanding of the politics and political-economy considerations that led to the specific content of each fiscal program will have to rely on information about the actual deliberations in each government’s halls of power, should these ever become public.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Aizenman, Joshua and Jinjarak, Yothin and Nguyen, Hien and Noy, Ilan},
  doi = {10.3386/w29360},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 29360,
  pages = {1-24},
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Political Economy of the COVID-19 Fiscal Stimulus Packages of 2020},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3386/w29360},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{domazet2025degrowth,
  abstract = {The degrowth doughnut elaborated on in this chapter of the Routledge Handbook of Degrowth (2025) is a conceptual tool designed to aid in planning and strategising within degrowth scholarship, emphasising ecological and social transformation. It builds on degrowth principles, focusing on justice, sustainability and democratic organisation. Complementing the doughnut economics framework, it shifts away from traditional economic thinking and cost-benefit rationality to support decision-making for a more equitable, sustainable future. Like the widely known doughnut economics model, the degrowth doughnut integrates ecological limits with social needs, moving beyond gross domestic product (GDP) growth and prioritising systemic regeneration and internal redistribution. In line with degrowth priorities of a radical paradigm shift and acceptance of the necessity of aggregate throughput reduction, it incorporates social and cultural boundaries as well, thereby recognising that dominant power relations, societal values, and norms influence environmental and social outcomes. This modified doughnut model aims to guide the transition to a degrowth society, emphasising collective responsibility and balance between nature and society. As a planning tool, it encourages communal strategy-building and highlights the transformative potential of the degrowth paradigm, illustrating a challenging but achievable path to a just, sustainable future.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Domazet, Mladen},
  booktitle = {Routledge Handbook of Degrowth },
  doi = {10.4324/9781032650159-19},
  editor = {Nelson, Anitra},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA5500},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {211-231},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP2010},
  title = {The degrowth doughnut},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032650159-19},
  year = 2025
}

@article{koniecznasalamatin2024polsko,
  abstract = {The article analyses the relationship between national and European identity and the values perceived as left- or right-wing in Polish society. The empirical basis of the article consists of data from the European Values Study (2017) and the European Social Survey (2023). Taking into account the diverse social beliefs about Poland's place in Europe and the complex picture of the relationship between „Polishness" and „Europeanness", the article explores their links with both cultural and economic liberalism, as well as with self-identification on the left-right political spectrum. The findings indicate that attachment to Polishness is more often associated with conservative values and right-wing political identification, whereas a positive attitude towards the European Union is more strongly linked to left-wing values. At the same time, the lack of correlation between these two forms of attachment suggests their mutual independence. The article also considers generational differences, highlighting distinct patterns in the perception of Europeanness among the youngest respondents. },
  author = {Konieczna-Sałamatin, Joanna},
  doi = {10.26343/0585556X22103},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Studia Socjologiczno-Polityczne. Seria Nowa},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 2,
  pages = {47-66},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Czy polskość jest prawicowa a europejskość lewicowa? O politycznym wymiarze tożsamości w Polsce},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26343/0585556X22103},
  volume = 21,
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{persson2022responsiveness,
  abstract = {Research on the opinion-policy link has shown that there is a connection between public preferences and implemented policy, albeit biased towards the preferences of the affluent. We argue that we need to look not only the income bias, but also at the political content of the policies. Are there systematic biases against certain types of policies that cause such policies to be undersupplied relative to preferences? We combine survey data on a wide range of issues from over two million respondents with manually coded data on implemented policies in 43 countries over time. We find that there is a positive relationship between opinion and policy, but also find evidence of a responsiveness gap: in most countries, implemented policies are more economically conservative than what the public prefers, and too culturally liberal.},
  author = {Persson, Mikael and Sundell, Anders},
  institution = {The Quality of Government Institute},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-10},
  series = {Working paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Responsiveness and models of representation},
  url = {https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/73714},
  year = 2022
}

@article{zheng2025social,
  abstract = {This study examines the effect of the power distance culture dimension on residents’ social comparisons and their subjective well-being. Hierarchical linear modeling is employed to analyze the mediation effect of individuals’ acceptance of income inequality on the association between relative income and subjective well-being. Hierarchical linear models are conducted to investigate the moderating roles that society-level power distance plays in the individual-level correlations between subjective well-being and relative income and between subjective well-being and acceptance of income inequality. The study sample comprises 128,784 individuals across 81 countries and regions, sourced from the joint EVS-WVS database. Results show that (1) people’s relative income significantly positively predicted their acceptance of income inequality, which in turn significantly positively predicted their subjective well-being across societies. (2) Higher levels of power distance index significantly enhance the positive coefficient of relative income on subjective well-being. (3) The individual-level positive association between acceptance of income inequality and subjective well-being is found to be stronger in higher power distance societies. In high power distance societies, initiatives such as progressive taxation, robust social safety nets, and enhanced community engagement can effectively improve well-being by addressing income inequality. In contrast, policymakers in low power distance societies can prioritize non-material measures of success.},
  author = {Zheng, Jiansong and Shen, Junxian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-025-03531-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1573-0921},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {905–928},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Social Comparisons for Well-being: The Role of Power Distance},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03531-y},
  volume = 178,
  year = 2025
}

@article{savicka2025changing,
  abstract = {A substantial body of research underscores that greater perceived control over one’s life not only enhances the individual quality of life but also, at an aggregate level, fosters economic efficiency, social inclusion, and civic participation. Perceived control also plays a crucial role in enhancing resilience during crises. At the individual level, it helps to develop more effective coping mechanisms and mitigate psychological distress, engage in more proactive problem-solving strategies and maintain better health outcomes. At the societal level, it strengthens community cohesion that enhances mutual support, collaborative problem-solving and more coordinated crisis responses. Thus, effective strategies to maintain or increase perceived control can significantly buffer against the adverse effects of crises. However, social preconditions for the formation of perceived control and its broader societal implications remain insufficiently explored. This study examines the dynamics of perceived control in Lithuanian society through the lens of generational replacement, by utilizing the data from the European Values Survey which has been conducted in the country for almost three decades. The findings reveal notable differences in this attitude across social generations. Yet, a multilevel Age-Period-Cohort (APC) analysis indicates that, while generational shifts contribute to an overall societal increase in perceived control, the primary driver is a profound cultural transformation that cuts across all generations.},
  author = {Savicka, Aida},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.15388/STEPP.2025.30.6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {23450266},
  journal = {Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {99-116},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Changing Perceived Life Control: Intergenerational Insights from Lithuania},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15388/STEPP.2025.30.6},
  volume = 30,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bassoli2025gender,
  abstract = {This paper examines the impact of social norms on health disparities, a topic that has received limited attention. By combining two European cross-country datasets, we propose a novel approach to identify the effect of changes in social norms on individual health. We leverage the European Values Study (1999–2017, N = 41284) to construct time-varying measures of gender norms in the family and the work domains at the country-year level. These measures are then linked with the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004–2017; N = 32552) data, which is representative of the older population in Europe. We apply an OLS model, with individuals, country and time-fixed effects to investigate the role of norms on health status. Findings indicate that stronger traditional gender norms in the family likely increase depression among women, whereas more gendered norms at work decrease women's poor health reported. We disentangle some potential mechanisms to test the precise channel by which the type of norm leads to the selected outcomes: financial difficulties, smoking and drinking are among the most critical drivers. These results underscore the significance of gender norms in shaping health and emphasise the need to address them to reduce inequalities and improve societal well-being.},
  author = {Bassoli, Elena},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118479},
  issn = {02779536},
  journal = {Social Science & Medicine},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {How gender norms shape the health of women and men?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118479},
  volume = 383,
  year = 2025
}

@article{yin2024traditional,
  abstract = {Rationale Substantial evidence indicates that involvement in school bullying has been linked to lower quality of life (QoL). Yet there is little information elucidating the link between bullying involvement and QoL in different cultures. Objective This study investigated the associations between different types of bullying involvement and QoL among adolescents. The moderating roles of cultural values in the relationship between bullying involvement and QoL were examined. Methods This study included representative samples from 35 countries (N = 184,017) using data from the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey and the new 2023 World Cultural Map Scores from the World Values Survey Wave 7 (2017/2021). Multilevel mixed-effects analysis was employed to examine individual-level and country-level effects simultaneously. Results All types of bullying involvement were associated with lower QoL, with being a victim having the lowest QoL. Adolescents in societies that prioritize higher self-expression values exhibited a reduced propensity to engage in school bullying. In countries with higher self-expression values, there was a more pronounced negative association between bullying involvement and QoL. Traditional/Secular-rational values had no significant and consistent moderating effect on the association between bullying involvement and QoL. Those results were quite similar for both traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Conclusion These findings imply that cultural values are closely intertwined with adolescent bullying and quality of life. Therefore, prevention and intervention programs should pay more attention to addressing bullying and promoting the QoL of adolescents according to various cultural values.},
  author = {Yin, Hui and Han, Ziqiang and Li, Yuhuan},
  doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116499},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {02779536},
  journal = {Social Science & Medicine},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-10},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and quality of life among adolescents in 35 countries: Do cultural values matter?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116499},
  volume = 340,
  year = 2024
}

@article{liu2025trade,
  abstract = {Using data from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey from 1999 to 2021, covering 102 countries, this study examined how trade openness affects individual happiness and through what channels. The findings revealed that trade openness generally had a positive impact on individuals’ happiness, particularly through exports and goods trade, which significantly enhanced residents’ happiness in low- and middle-income countries (regions). This positive effect was primarily achieved through the economic growth generated by trade openness. These findings challenge the applicability of the Easterlin paradox and provide empirical support for the Stolper – Samuelson theorem. Additionally, trade openness exhibited a ‘cross-age’ effect on happiness, and its welfare benefits remained robust despite uncertainty shocks. Economic growth amplified the positive effect of trade openness, whereas inflation and unemployment weakened it. These findings suggest that policymakers in low- and middle-income countries should prioritize trade openness as a tool to improve residents’ happiness; however, countries facing high inflation, unemployment, and income inequality should proceed cautiously with trade openness.},
  author = {Liu, Jing and Li, Jingxian and Bai, Ruina and Yu, Xiao},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1080/00036846.2025.2492897},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  journal = {Applied Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Trade openness and individual happiness: who benefits the most?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2025.2492897},
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{berling2018matters,
  address = {Lund},
  author = {Berling, George and Grabowski, Niklas},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Lund University},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Size Matters - The Impact and Relationship between Size of Government and Generalized Trust},
  url = {https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/lup/publication/8957614},
  year = 2018
}

@article{jones2025prodemocratic,
  abstract = {Do those who support democracy also oppose autocracy, and vice versa? Intuitively, the answer is yes, given that these are contradictory regime types, and scholars often construct a bipolar index for analytic purposes. Yet our investigation of the latest wave of the World Values Survey (WVS) demonstrates that a plurality of citizens worldwide now support both democracy and autocracy, and this ambivalent camp has been growing. We further investigate who is ambivalent and why. Using WVS, we identify broad predictors of ambivalence globally, including knowledge gaps and value orientations. To improve causal inference and explore broader implications, we also conduct a preregistered survey experiment with a nationally representative sample of U.S. respondents. Findings suggest a powerful and underappreciated role for civic education to ameliorate ambivalence, particularly by clarifying the contrast space across regime types. More troublingly, they also reveal a strong association between ambivalence and openness to democratic backsliding.},
  author = {Jones, Calvert W. and Cowan, Michael},
  doi = {10.1177/00104140251369320},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00104140},
  journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-35},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Pro-Democratic, but Not Anti-Authoritarian? Understanding Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Regimes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140251369320},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{paezgallego2025valores,
  address = {Madrid},
  author = {Páez Gallego, Javier},
  booktitle = {Nueva luz en los servicios sociales y estudios sobre el Estado de Derecho en España},
  editor = {Morán Martín, Remedios},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-84-9890-516-8},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {487-502},
  publisher = {Iustel},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Valores emergentes y desafíos del Estado del Bienestar: una mirada desde la dependencia y los servicios sociales},
  year = 2025
}

@article{adriaenssens2025affect,
  abstract = {While most evaluations of the effects of prostitution policy focus on externalities such as violence, STDs, or risks of human trafficking, this contribution studies the impact on the public’s social norms regarding prostitution. European countries that criminalized the purchase of physical sexual services often explicitly aim to change the public’s normative evaluation of prostitution. In the same logic, some expect that legalization or regulation of prostitution would “normalize” prostitution. We tested these conjectures empirically with the help of a multi-case study. We estimate the normative effect of six European cases of national legislative changes in Europe, thus not only diversifying the legal change but also bringing in understudied cases. Legal changes include the criminalization of the purchase of sexual services according to the so-called “Nordic model” (Sweden, Norway, and France), a passage to a regulated regime (the Netherlands), and the decriminalization of selling sex (Slovenia and Spain). The evolution of the normative acceptance of prostitution was measured with European Values Study and World Values Study data collected from the 1990s until 2008. The effects were modeled through a difference-in-differences approach combined with a matching procedure. The results indicated that criminalization indeed decreased the public’s acceptance of the phenomenon of prostitution. At the same time, decriminalization has effects in both directions: In Spain, norms have become more liberal, while in Slovenia, they have become more judgmental. This more judgmental shift also occurred after the regulatory turn in the Netherlands. Factors related to the specific dynamic of the public debate around the law change probably drive these contextual differences.},
  author = {Adriaenssens, Stef and Hendrickx, Jef and Heegemann, Patrick},
  doi = {10.1007/s10508-025-03140-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {15732800},
  journal = {Archives of Sexual Behavior},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {2069–2083},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Does the Law Affect the Justification of Prostitution? A Natural Experiment on the Impact of European Law Changes on Prostitution Norms},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-025-03140-3},
  volume = 54,
  year = 2025
}

@article{davis2025culture,
  abstract = {Countries with individualist cultures tend to adopt fewer business regulations. In this paper, we investigate how individualism affects regulation by incorporating the role of legal institutions. We hypothesize that a common law legal tradition is more responsive to cultural preferences than a civil law tradition. Consequently, we anticipate that individualism and common law interact as complements, reducing the intensity of regulating businesses. Using data from the Integrated Values Surveys for individualism and the World Bank's Doing Business Project for regulation, we find that the impact of culture on regulation is significantly amplified in common law countries, decreasing regulation in individualist countries but increasing it in collectivist ones. This holds across types of regulations and is robust to various controls and instrumental variable analysis. Additional tests show the interaction is stronger in court-involved regulations and mediated by judicial review, supporting common law's relative adaptability. These findings align with the theoretical proposition that culture shapes regulatory preferences, while legal institutions determine the extent to which these preferences translate into policy outcomes. Furthermore, our findings refine legal origins theory, emphasizing common law's cultural sensitivity rather than inherent superiority.},
  author = {Davis, Lewis S and Kramer, Claudia Williamson},
  doi = {10.1002/soej.70005},
  journal = {Southern Economic Journal},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-26},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Do Culture and Law Interact? Evidence From Business Regulation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.70005},
  year = 2025
}

@inproceedings{vergolini2025education,
  abstract = {In this paper, I test predictions coming from the modernization thesis by examining the relationships between social cohesion and educational attainment in Europe. Social cohesion is measured using indices of institutional trust, solidarity, and political and socio-cultural participation. I explore how education influences social cohesion and interacts with country-level characteristics, based on the assumption that the transition to modernized societies diminishes the role of economic resources in shaping lifestyles and opportunities. As a result, education is expected to play a crucial role in influencing social cohesion in these societies. Two hypotheses are tested: (1) education has a stronger impact on social cohesion in more modernized countries, and (2) education is more influential than social class in shaping social cohesion, particularly in these countries. Using multilevel models and structural equation modelling, I analyse data from the European Value Study. The results demonstrate that a higher level of education is associated mainly with greater social and political participation, and that this effect is significantly stronger in more modernized countries, partially supporting the proposed hypotheses.},
  address = {Roma},
  author = {Vergolini, Loris},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the journal Scuola Democratica. Education and/for Social Justice. Vol. 1: Inequality, Inclusion, and Governance},
  editor = {{Scuola democratica}},
  eventdate = {03.06.-06.06.2024},
  eventtitle = {3rd International Conference of Scuola democratica},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {630-639},
  publisher = {Associazione “Per Scuola Democratica”},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Education and Social Cohesion in Europe: Testing the Post-Modernization Thesis},
  url = {https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/1010458/1/Education%20and%20social%20cohesion%20in%20Europe.pdf},
  venue = {Cagliari},
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{may2024national,
  abstract = {Bridging research on national identity, social psychology, and voting literature, this cumulative dissertation investigates the effect of national identity on political preferences and political behaviour. Thereby, two key aspects of this relationship at the individual level are focused: the overall relationship between national identity and political preferences, and the translation of this relationship into political behaviour. Due to the lack of consensus in national identity research on how to define and measure national identity, as well as on which dimension(s) of national identity best explains far-right attraction, addressing the question of who is attracted to or repelled by far-right positions inevitably requires first addressing this conceptual-methodological gap in national identity research. To address these questions, the research programme comprises of six main areas: (i) Proposing a new person-centred approach to identify how citizens conceptualise their national in-group, while (ii) ad-dressing national identity’s multidimensionality and (iii) investigating the relationship between the individual dimensions of national identity and political preferences. Build-ing on the findings of these first three steps, the research programme also covers (iv) examining whether national identity builds the breeding ground for voting decisions and (v) investigating the temporality of the overall relationship between national identity and voting. Furthermore, the latter includes (vi) testing for the role of political elite discours-es and mass media reporting, while testing for both salience and directed messages in the information environment.},
  address = {Bamberg},
  author = {May, Antonia Carolin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897 ; 10.4232/1.13486 ; 10.4232/1.2880 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.12312 ; 10.4232/1.12561 ; 10.4232/1.13323},
  doi = {10.20378/irb-105188},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.1.0 ; ZA2880 v1.0.0 ; ZA3910 v2.1.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0 ; ZA5704 v3.2.0 ; ZA6804 v7.0.0},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS1981-2008 ; ISSP1995 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSP2013 ; Wahlkampf-Panel 2013 (ZA5704) ; Wahlkampf-Panel 2017 (ZA6804)},
  title = {To Draw a Line : National Identities and their Political Consequences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.20378/irb-105188},
  year = 2024
}

@article{memoli2024crisis,
  author = {Memoli, Vincenzo},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  issn = {2784-2002},
  journal = {Journal of History and Philosophy},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 7,
  pages = {13-30},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Crisis and Job Satisfaction in the European Area},
  url = {https://minerva.editurafrm.ro/2024/volume1(7)-issue2},
  volume = 1,
  year = 2024
}

@article{riederer2025attitudes,
  abstract = {The perception of cultural differences between refugee populations and host societies is central to political debates on integration. This study examines cultural values within the context of the Ukrainian refugee flows to Austria, following the Russian war of aggression. Previous research has shown that Ukrainian refugees represent a self-selected group in terms of their socioeconomic profile. However, there is limited evidence on whether and how their beliefs differ from those in their home society and align with those in their host society. Our research addresses this gap by offering a comparative analysis of two value dimensions: (1) gender roles, and (2) political attitudes. We utilize three large-scale data sources for our analyses to compare Ukrainian arrivals in Austria with the Austrian and Ukrainian resident populations. These sources include a rapid-response survey among Ukrainian arrivals in Austria conducted in 2022, and the most recent waves of the World Values Survey (WVS Ukraine 2020) and the European Values Study (EVS Austria 2018). Our results reveal a complex pattern. The gender role attitudes of Ukrainian arrivals deviate from both their home and host societies. Ukrainian refugees tend to hold more liberal gender role attitudes than the Ukrainian resident population and more traditional gender role attitudes than the Austrian resident population. When controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, the differences with the home country decrease, whereas the differences with the host country increase. This suggests that the selection of refugees in terms of education or age accounts for their in-between position in gender roles. Regarding beliefs in democracy, Ukrainian arrivals tend to align more closely with their home country than their host country. However, they indicate much more confidence in the EU than their compatriots and the Austrian resident population. The differences in attitudes towards democracy and confidence in international institutions remain stable even after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics, indicating that these differences are not due to socioeconomic self-selection processes. Finally, we find that Ukrainian arrivals from Kyiv stand out in both value dimensions, as they tend to hold less traditional gender role attitudes and have a more positive evaluation of democracy compared to those from other regions of Ukraine.},
  author = {Riederer, B. and Buber-Ennser, I. and Setz, I. and Kohlenberger, J. and Rengs, B.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1186/s41118-024-00230-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {20355556},
  journal = {Genus},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-44},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudes of Ukrainian refugees in Austria: gender roles, democracy, and confidence in international institutions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-024-00230-3},
  volume = 81,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{bernhagen2024political,
  abstract = {This essential guide to comparative European politics provides the broadest range of coverage on Europe, illustrated via the widest range of examples, applied to contemporary events. In Comparative European Politics the team of expert authors explore the politics of a range of European countries, providing insight into everything you need to know on the subject, from the fundamentals of democratic politics, institutions, and practices of government, to key contemporary challenges.},
  address = {Oxford},
  author = {Bernhagen, Patrick and Vetter, Angelika},
  booktitle = {Comparative European Politics: Distinctive Democracies, Common Challenges},
  editor = {Costello, Rory and Robinson, Neil},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  isbn = {9780192866448},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {84-105},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Political Participation},
  year = 2024
}

@inproceedings{veselica2024returned,
  abstract = {A thesis still present in Western civilization, primarily in Europe, is the thesis of secularization. Nevertheless, according to many studies, regardless of secularization processes, religion is an important factor in individual identities. This paper examines the relationship between European identity and religiosity. The author used empirical data from the 2017 European Values Study to demonstrate the predictability of different types of religiosity on primordial-type European identity at the individual level. Regarding religiosity, the author tested three categories of religiosity types and their individual effect. For this purpose, multilevel modeling was used. The findings show that religiosity is a strong predictor of primordial-type European identity among individuals from across Europe. Significant differences exist between the predictability of different types of religiosity, with belief in God and very rare praying being the most significant.},
  address = {Belgrade},
  author = {Veselica, Milan},
  booktitle = {The 2023 Serbian Political Science Association Annual Conference Proceedings Held on September 21–22, 2023 in Belgrade,},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.18485/fpn_saborp.2024.17.ch7},
  editor = {Stanojević, Ivan and Purić, Nemanja},
  eventdate = {21.10.-22.10.2023},
  eventtitle = {The 2023 Serbian Political Science Association Annual Conference},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  isbn = {978-86-6425-126-6},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  pages = {141-161},
  publisher = {Udruženje za političke nauke},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Has God returned to Europe? The effect of different types of religiosity on European identity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18485/fpn_saborp.2024.17.ch7},
  venue = {Belgrade},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2024
}

@article{nastina2025culture,
  abstract = {This study investigates the factors contributing to cross-cultural variation in the disapproval of free-riding behaviors such as tax evasion, fare dodging, and benefits fraud. While some cross-cultural researchers contend that attitudes toward these behaviors exhibit minimal variance due to a universal value of fairness, others adopting an institutional perspective argue that significant differences can be explained by factors like government effectiveness and the rule of law. We aim to replicate the pivotal role of institutional quality and propose that its impact is further moderated by cultural dimensions of individualism-collectivism and tightness-looseness. Utilizing a diverse dataset from the World Values Survey and European Values Study, encompassing 92 countries and over 158,000 individuals, we employ multilevel modeling to explore global and contextual patterns. Our findings reveal that while institutional quality reduces tolerance for free riding globally, its effect is not uniform and varies significantly based on cultural context. Specifically, whereas attitudes to free riding in individualistic and loose cultures depend heavily on just and effective governance, in collectivist and tight societies this reliance diminishes as group-centric values and low tolerance toward deviance help sustain compliant attitudes even when institutional quality is low.},
  author = {Nastina, Ekaterina and Tormos, Raül},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152251330880},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Culture compensates for weak institutions: Determinants of attitudes toward free-riding across the world},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152251330880},
  year = 2025
}

@article{szalma2025measuring,
  abstract = {The prevalence of voluntary childlessness is rising in Europe, likely accompanied by growing social acceptance. However, more evidence is needed on how to measure this acceptance in comparative surveys. This study examines two dimensions of voluntary childlessness: prescriptive and proscriptive. The aim of this study is to show how the two dimensions differ in measuring voluntary childlessness and to highlight the factors that shape these attitudes. Findings reveal that socio-demographic variables relate differently to the two dimensions of the acceptance of voluntary childlessness for men and women. At the macro level, lower gender inequality predicts higher acceptance of voluntary childlessness across both dimensions. Conversely, higher childlessness rates are associated with favourable attitudes only in the prescriptive dimension, while country-level religiosity does not predict either dimension. The study underscores the importance of distinguishing between dimensions of voluntary childlessness, as different factors shape their acceptance. Additionally, no differences emerge in attitudes toward voluntary childlessness for males and females.},
  author = {Szalma, Ivett and Heers, Marieke and Tanturri, Maria Letizia},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0319081},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Measuring attitudes towards voluntary childlessness: Indicators in European comparative surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319081},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2025
}

@article{aassve2025family,
  abstract = {This study explores what constitutes an ideal family in Italy and Spain, questioning the prevailing view that they are homogenous and traditional family-oriented countries. Specifically, it investigates whether family ideals in Italy and Spain can be characterized as ‘traditional’ (i); whether family ideals are similar in the two counties (ii); and whether these ideals vary across gender and educational backgrounds (iii). To capture the multidimensional nature of family ideals, we employed a factorial survey experiment in which respondents evaluated a set of family scenarios. This approach enables an assessment of the relative importance of the factors shaping individuals’ perceptions of the ideal family. The findings unveil a significantly modern picture of family ideals, where good communication and gender equality play a key role in positive family evaluations. However, cross-country comparisons reveal a greater prevalence of postmodern family ideals in Spain than in Italy, with a few, but notable differences across gender and education.},
  author = {Aassve, Arnstein and Adserà, Alícia and Bastianelli, Elena and Mencarini, Letizia},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcaf055},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {0266-7215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Family ideals in Italy and Spain: towards the end of the traditional Southern European family model?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaf055},
  year = 2025
}

@article{lomazzi2024valutare,
  abstract = {The assumption of comparability underlies any comparative study of the social and political sciences. However, this assumption cannot be taken for granted. Especially in quantitative research in the field of values and attitudes, multiple sources of bias, both cultural and methodological ones, can undermine this assumption leading to the development of conclusions and generalizations based on misleading results. The paper describes these challenges from a methodological perspective and presents the main techniques for assessing measurement invariance (also called measurement equivalence) using as an empirical example the concept of interindividual solidarity as operationalized in the latest European Values Study (EVS) survey. The measurement model presents a three-dimensional structure: social, local and global solidarity. Based on data from the 21 EU countries included in the most recent wave of EVS (2017-2020), the results show lack of invariance and that the main source of bias lies in the “global solidarityµ dimension. The essay concludes with some practical insights and directions for future research.},
  author = {Lomazzi, Vera},
  doi = {10.1424/114930},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Polis},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 38,
  pages = {417-434},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Valutare l’invarianza di misurazione della solidarietà interindividuale},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1424/114930},
  volume = 3,
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{barbabela2022inequality,
  abstract = {The notion of multidimensional inequality has attracted attention lately, but mostly as a micro approach to measuring inequality in well-being in a more complete way. We argue that considering inequality in a multidimensional way from a macro perspective is useful for a better understanding of the structure of inequality in different societies. Different societies display different degrees of inequality in different domains, such as the economic, social, political, and psychological. In this paper, we ask how these inequalities relate to each other and what inequality configurations societies display as a result. Are different inequalities simply a manifestation of one single basic dimension of inequality so that some countries are egalitarian in everything while other countries are fundamentally inegalitarian? Or are inequalities in different domains largely unrelated? We compile a dataset of 98 countries, merging income inequality data from the World Income Inequality Database, health (length-of-life) inequality data from life tables, and inequality measures of political participation, perceived political influence, self-efficacy, and social class compiled from a large set of cross-country attitudes surveys. Our results suggest two distinct dimensions of inequality. The first and by far more important captures socioeconomic and psychological inequality and we find that inequalities in income, health, social class, and self-efficacy are strongly related. A second, less important but still relevant, dimension of inequality concerns political inequality. These two underlying dimensions of inequality correlate differently with relevant outcomes. The socioeconomic/health/psychological inequality component correlates with life satisfaction, satisfaction with democracy, and violent protest. The political inequality component correlates with satisfaction with democracy and peaceful protest.},
  author = {Barbabela, Letícia and Pellicer, Miquel and Wegner, Eva},
  institution = {UNU-WIDER},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 158,
  pages = 31,
  series = {Working paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Inequality configurations},
  url = {https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/inequality-configurations},
  year = 2022
}

@mastersthesis{simoni2022donne,
  abstract = {Lo scopo di questo elaborato è quello di affrontare il tema del gender gap e del ruolo delle donne nella società e nel mondo del lavoro dal XIX secolo ad oggi, cercando di fornire una spiegazione storica della situazione attuale e di constatare se la strada intrapresa è quella corretta, se i provvedimenti sono sufficienti, o se è necessario un ulteriore progresso. Si procede inizialmente in linea generale: dando uno sguardo al passato, affrontando le motivazioni che nel corso degli anni hanno contribuito alla creazione di questo divario di genere e le conseguenze che ne sono derivate; ed esaminando la situazione attuale a livello globale, europeo e italiano. Successivamente, si presenta la situazione femminile dal XIX secolo fino alla prima metà del Novecento: il nesso esistente tra lo stato sociale delle donne e le mansioni che svolgevano, il loro ruolo nell’ambito dell’industria e in quello delle scienze; terminando con l’analisi dei pregiudizi, degli stereotipi e delle norme sociali che hanno plasmato la figura della donna nella società. Infine, si affronta la tematica della disparità di genere a partire dalla seconda metà del XX secolo fino al giorno d’oggi: l’evoluzione della condizione femminile a seguito dei provvedimenti legislativi che sono stati presi in Europa e in Italia; le strategie attuate, o che sarebbe necessario adottare, per ridurre il gender gap; l’occupazione femminile e la legge sulle quote rosa; le agevolazioni a sostegno delle donne imprenditrici e l’importanza ispiratrice dei role model. Infine, si prosegue con la presenza delle donne nell’ambito delle discipline scientifiche (STEM) e il contributo che potrebbero dare a questi settori (tendenzialmente caratterizzati da una presenza maschile) ad elevata crescita economica; e si termina con il drammatico impatto che l’emergenza sanitaria causata dalla pandemia di Covid-19 ha avuto sulle donne.},
  address = {Padova},
  author = {Simoni, Elisabetta},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro mastersthesis other},
  language = {other},
  school = {Università degli Studi di Padova},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Le Donne e il Lavoro: il Gender Gap},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  url = {https://thesis.unipd.it/handle/20.500.12608/11590},
  year = 2022
}

@article{bergschlosser2025democratic,
  abstract = {Forms of democratic backsliding can be observed in many parts of the world. However, some conclusions are overly sweeping or alarmist. A detailed case-based regional analysis reveals distinct patterns in this regard. This study highlights some recent findings from a longitudinal international research project, the Transformation Research Initiative “(TRI), which is now based at the Center for Research on Democracy (CREDO) at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. The project involves country and regional experts from all major world areas. The results presented here are derived from the Varieties of Democracy “(V-Dem) data at the macro level, World Values Surveys” (WVS) data on the micro level, and selected case studies. Only a few key findings can be presented here. For a detailed account, see van Beek (ed., 2022).},
  author = {Berg-Schlosser, Dirk},
  doi = {10.3389/fpos.2025.1447925},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {2673-3145},
  journal = {Frontiers in Political Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-8},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Democratic resilience or retreat? A cross-area analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2025.1447925},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2025
}

@book{easterlin2025happiness,
  abstract = {There is now a Happiness Revolution to go along with the earlier Industrial and Demographic Revolutions. The Happiness Revolution is captured using people's happiness scores, as reported in public surveys, whereas the earlier revolutions are reflected by economic production (such as GDP) and life expectancy. Increases in happiness are chiefly due to social-science welfare policies that alleviate people's foremost concerns – those centering on family life, health, and jobs. This Element traces the course of the Happiness Revolution throughout Europe since the 1980s when comprehensive and comparable data on people's happiness first become available. Which countries lead and which lag? How is happiness distributed – are the rich happier than the poor, men than women, old than young, native than foreign born, city than countryfolk? How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted happiness? These are among the questions addressed in this Element. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.},
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Easterlin, Richard Ainley and O’Connor, Kelsey James},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13511 ; 10.4232/1.12253},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v3.0.0 ; ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  series = {Elements in Economics of European Integration},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {The Happiness Revolution in Europe},
  year = 2025
}

@article{leonhardt2025shake,
  abstract = {Gratitude is often considered a response to kind acts from others, but growing research suggests it is frequently directed toward God. This study explored how gratitude toward God differs from gratitude toward people. Since God is perceived as all-powerful and not directly benefiting from reciprocation, we hypothesized that individuals would focus less on repaying God and more on paying it forward. We tested this through three studies: a cross-sectional survey (Study 1), a daily diary approach (Study 2), and an experimental design (Study 3). Across studies, gratitude toward God was associated with a greater motivation to pay it forward compared to gratitude toward others, such as close relationships or authority figures. This forward-focused gratitude predicted increased intentions for religious commitment (e.g., prayer), character growth, and prosocial behavior. These effects held even after accounting for motivations to repay God or interhuman gratitude, emphasizing the distinct role of gratitude toward God.},
  author = {Leonhardt, Nathan D. and Stellar, Jennifer E. and Ford, Brett Q. and Cappellen, Patty Van and Impett, Emily A.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1177/01461672251333161},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {1552-7433},
  journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {“It’s Hard to Shake God’s Hand”: Gratitude to God Motivates Paying Gratitude Forward},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672251333161},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{galama2022better,
  abstract = {We provide evidence that the social norm (expectation) of work has a detrimental causal effect on the mental well-being of individuals not able to abide by it. Using SHARE data on men aged 50+ from 10 European countries, we identify the social norm of work effect in a difference-in-differences (DiD) model that compares mental well-being scores of unemployed / disabled individuals (the treatment group) with those of employed / retired individuals (the control group) at varying levels of the fraction of retirees of comparable age. The initial mental well-being gap at age 50 is large, with unemployed / disabled men experiencing lower levels of mental well-being. Beyond age 50, the mental well-being of unemployed and disabled men improves as peers of comparable age retire, and full convergence occurs generally at an age that is slightly above the normal retirement age, when everyone has retired. We estimate the social norm of work effect to be comparable to the benefit t of tertiary education, the detriment of being widowed, and the benefit t of having a household income of 2,000,000 Euros. We explore income-security and leisure-coordination channels as alternative interpretations of the effect to show that these cannot explain our fi ndings.},
  author = {Galama, Titus J. and Kraats, Coen van de and Lindeboom, Maarten},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  institution = {Center for Economic and Social Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-69},
  series = {Working paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Why life gets better after age 50, for some: mental well-being and the social norm of work},
  url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4267420},
  year = 2022
}

@article{antolinezmerchan2025intergenerational,
  abstract = {This article uses data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS) for Spain, covering the years between 2005 and 2022 (waves 5, 6, and 7) to analyse the evolution of gender bias in different dimensions: politics, education, economics, and family. The results indicate a positive trend towards the reduction of gender bias, especially in areas of political leadership and education. However, certain biases remain, particularly among older generations. The analysis reveals that variables such as sex, education level, religion, political orientation, and materialistic values have a statistically significant influence on gender bias. Young people demonstrate a higher acceptance of gender equality compared to older adults. However, the younger generations are exposed to ideological and moral influences that cause changes in their perception of politics and democracy. One‐fifth of the sample surveyed did not consider gender equality relevant as a constitutive element of democratic regimes, which seems to indicate a relative fading of the political and moral significance of gender equality as an issue for a significant proportion of young Spaniards. Religion is the only variable linked with a higher probability of maintaining gender biases, and even accentuating them among young people, which would be indicative of a correlation between religion and the adoption of ideologically conservative positions, in line with the socio‐political dynamics of polarisation and the growing influence of neo‐conservative movements in Spanish society.},
  author = {Antolínez-Merchán, Pilar and Rivero Recuenco, Ángel and Cabrera-Rodríguez, Elvira Carmen},
  doi = {10.17645/si.9288},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {2183-2803},
  journal = {Social Inclusion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 9288,
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Intergenerational Evolution of Gender Bias in Spain: Analysis of Values Surveys},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17645/si.9288},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{dobrotic2023parenting,
  abstract = {The COST Action „Parental Leave Policies \&amp; Social Sustainability” (CA21150) aims to advance and disseminate knowledge about the significance of paid parental leave policies (PPL) for sustainable societies. When assessing whether leave policies are moving towards the social sustainability goals of gender equality, reducing poverty, and increasing health and well-being, it is important to have available data that allows for analysis of inequalities in eligibility, take-up, and outcomes of PPL. Therefore, Working Group 5 (WG5) of CA21150 critically assessed (1) existing comparative surveys, (2) publicly available comparative leave policy indicators databases, and (3) the availability of administrative data at the national level and examples of existing national surveys on PPL use. The aim is to identify PPL data gaps and facilitate thinking about solutions to overcome these gaps and develop recommendations for advancing the data. This report presents the findings of the critical assessment of data availability.},
  author = {Dobrotic, Ivana and Arnalds, Ásdís Aðalbjörg and Dimitrova, Elitsa and Son, Keonhi and Engeman, Cassandra and Valentova, Marie and Mercan, Murat A. and Ilieva, Kalina and Makay, Zsuzsanna and Reimer, Thordis and Bartova, Alzbeta and Aksoy, Tolga},
  doi = {10.31235/osf.io/8g25k},
  institution = {SocArXiv},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Parenting leave policy data gaps: a comparative critical analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/8g25k},
  year = 2023
}

@article{benati2025exploring,
  abstract = {In this paper, we use random forests to determine what individual attitudes and opinions are the best predictors of the vote for a populist party. We used data from the European Value Survey, Wave 7, and after coding European parties as populist or not, we carried out a preliminary analysis on two peculiar nations, France and Poland, highlighting the basic steps of a random forests application. The analysis reveals that populist voters have different attitudes. In Poland, the populist vote is mostly predicted by the adherence to religious and traditional values. In France, vote is mostly predicted by strong discontent on the actual practice of democracy. However, we show that predictions can be biased when imbalanced data are used, that is, data in which the minority class contains few observations. We discuss how to obtain a balanced dataset and we show that in this way the predictive power of the random forests is improved. Next, we extend the analysis of the populist vote to all the European nations available in the survey, to determine what are the most important predictors both at supranational and national level. The use of the random forest allows determining what are the most common global predictors, and the role of some local predictors as well.},
  author = {Benati, Stefano and Bon, Matteo and Nardi, Filippo},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-025-02064-3},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {15737845},
  journal = {Quality & Quantity},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1393-1426},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Exploring the predictors of the populist vote using random forests},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02064-3},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2025
}

@article{lopezsintas2025cultural,
  abstract = {This study explores individual and country-level differences in cultural participation across Europe, using a most-different-systems design and the 2008 debt crisis as a quasi-experimental treatment. We identified distinct patterns of highbrow (six within-country patterns and three between-country clusters) and lowbrow (four patterns and three clusters) cultural participation by analyzing Eurobarometer, European Values Study, and World Bank data with multilevel latent class regression modeling. Results show that in socioeconomically and culturally modernized countries, an individual?s social position has less impact on cultural participation. In addition, these countries experienced a less-pronounced negative effect from the 2008 debt crisis on cultural participation.},
  author = {López-Sintas, Jordi and Lamberti, Giuseppe and Rössel, Jörg and Zdravković, Željka},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.10983 ; 10.4232/1.12577},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152251324171},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4804 ; ZA4529 v3.0.1 ; ZA5688 v6.0.0},
  issn = {1745-2554},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EB67.1 ; EB79.2},
  title = {Cultural participation beyond the individual: How national socioeconomic and cultural modernization shapes the link between social position and participation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152251324171},
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{kukla2025coevolution,
  abstract = {This thesis examines how the human sex ratio and social values have coevolved, drawing on evolutionary biology and the framework of dual inheritance theory, with a brief overview of the field’s history and key evolutionary theories. We then explore the major biological, environmental, and cultural factors that shape the sex ratio, focusing on how these elements interact and are passed on within populations. Finally, we examine the impacts of skewed sex ratios and discuss various efforts to address them. It also addresses the consequences of skewed sex ratios and reviews attempt to regulate them. The research section uses demographic data from the World Population Prospects and sociological data from the World Values Survey to model the relationship between values and the sex ratio via Bayesian methods employing Monte Carlo simulations. Results suggest that, globally, as the sex ratio increases, secularization and emancipation decrease, with Western societies as a partial exception, even after controlling for median age and migration. Time-series analyses show both values and the sex ratio stabilizing around their means, with the sex ratio rather influencing the values. However, this requires further research.},
  address = {Prague},
  author = {Kukla, Pavol},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  school = {Charles University, Faculty of Science},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Coevolution of social norms and sex ratio},
  url = {http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/197310},
  year = 2025
}

@article{cely2025threat,
  abstract = {Cultural polarization divides European public opinion on moral issues, from Italy’s refusal to register children of same-sex couples to abortion protests in Poland. These divisions stem from historical church-state conflicts in various religious cultures. This polarization is particularly strong in Catholic countries but less so in Protestant ones. Using data from 19 European democracies, I show a persistent gap between Catholic and Protestant countries. On the other hand, I show a limited effect of economic prosperity. Developed countries no longer lead in moral issue divisions, with recent surveys showing no or reversed differences. Younger generations are no less principled on moral issues in the Catholic contexts, with cohort differences in polarization even growing significantly between 2008 and 2017, highlighting the enduring impact of religious traditions among younger cohorts.},
  author = {Cely, Tadeas},
  doi = {10.1177/14651165251320882},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {European Union Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {226-254.},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {New threat of culture wars? The religious roots of public opinion polarization on morality issues in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/14651165251320882},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{laurent2021traffic,
  address = {Namur},
  author = {Laurent, Hélène and Sangnier, Marc and Treibich, Carole},
  institution = {Université de Namur},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = 23,
  series = {DeFiPP Working Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Traffic safety and norms of compliance with rules: An exploratory study},
  url = {https://defipp.unamur.be/wp/defipp_wp_2021_3.pdf},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{zagrapan2025values,
  abstract = {This chapter explores the transformation of values and attitudes in Slovakia since the establishment of the independent Slovak state in 1993. It places an emphasis on civic values, such as trust (social and political), respect toward diverse cultures and faiths, tolerance toward minorities (religious, national, and sexual), and political participation of citizens. The analysis relies on data from international surveys, including the European Values Study, the European Social Survey, and the International Social Survey Programme, to understand how Slovakia’s civic culture has evolved over the years. The chapter tries to shed light on the country’s progress and changes in the European context.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Zagrapan, Jozef},
  booktitle = {Civic and Uncivic Values in Slovakia: Culture, Media, Gender, and Ethnic Minorities},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-93574-9_2},
  editor = {Ramet, S.P. and Ðorđević, V. and Hassenstab, C.M.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5500 ; ZA7650 ; ZA7503},
  isbn = {9783031935749},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {19-48},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {ISSP2010 ; ISSP2020 ; EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Values},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-93574-9_2},
  year = 2025
}

@article{kuppers2025return,
  abstract = {Despite extensive research on rising populism, we still know little about the relation between populist politics and how ordinary citizens engage with, and act upon, the identities that populism mobilises. To address this blind spot, I develop an inductive approach that moves from a focus on populism to a broader exploration of peoplehood, and from a variable-centred to a person-centred approach employing Latent Class Analysis. The results indicate attitudes towards peoplehood can be grouped into 6 major conceptions across Western Europe, and that support for populism is concentrated among citizens who hold particular conceptions of peoplehood, offering insight into the ideas of the people that underlie support for populism. These findings show peoplehood is a useful theoretical framework for understanding collective belonging, and that it can help to grasp more comprehensively the social grounds of contemporary populism. Finally, using regression analysis, I find the association between conceptions of peoplehood and electoral behaviour is significant in the case of populist right supporters, but not populist left supporters. Overall, I argue these findings offer new hypotheses regarding the meaning and implications of populism, and can also help explain the differing success of right and left populist parties.},
  author = {Küppers, Roni},
  doi = {10.1177/10659129251318314},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1938-274X},
  journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {651-670},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The “Return” of the People? Understanding Populism by Exploring Citizens’ Conceptions of Peoplehood in Western Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10659129251318314},
  volume = 78,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{ainsaar2019values,
  address = {Tartu},
  author = {Ainsaar, Mare and Kasearu, Kairi and Lauristin, Marju and Realo, Anu and Roots, Ave and Rämmer, Andu and Strenze, Tarmo},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4804},
  institution = {University of Tartu},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 142,
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Values as human capital and a source of societal development},
  url = {https://www.riigikogu.ee/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Arenguseire-Keskus_Väärtused-kui-inimvara_2019.pdf},
  year = 2019
}

@incollection{almeida2024iniciativas,
  address = {Coimbra},
  author = {Almeida, Inês Santos and Mota, Luis F. and Mota, Luis F.},
  booktitle = {As Iniciativas dos Cidadãos como Instrumento de Democracia},
  editor = {Barata, Mário Simões and Abrunhosa, Ângelo and Alves, Dora Resende},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro incollection other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {119-147},
  publisher = {Almedina},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Iniciativas Legislativas de Cidadãos como Resposta à Falta de Iniciativa dos Partidos: O Caso da Regulação da Prostituição em Portugal},
  year = 2024
}

@article{boswell2025equity,
  abstract = {Research on attitudes towards inequality suggests the possibility of a causal relationship whereby attitudes to inequality affect inequality levels and where levels of inequality affect attitudes to inequality. This paper extends research on epistemic beliefs and macro-level inequality with an empirical analysis of micro-level “Equity Beliefs” defined as value judgements as to the fairness of market outcomes, within the context of “predistribution” that Jacob Hacker defined as “the way in which the market distributes its rewards in the first place” (2011, p. 35). An Equity Theory of Predistribution is posited and its predictions are investigated that, i. Equity Beliefs emerge from experiences of income inequality, ii. Equity Beliefs exert a predistributive effect on inequality, and iii. Equity Beliefs moderate disposable income inequality. Separate models are specified to test these propositions empirically at the country level, using data from the European Union spanning the period 1984 to 2018. The results support each of the propositions. Additionally, this study finds that Equity Beliefs exacerbate disposable income inequality via its interaction with corporate employment policy. This research highlights the role of micro-level beliefs as an antecedent of resource allocations that shape macro-level inequality, and it informs government and corporate-level actors seeking to reduce inequality within and among countries, that progress on UN SDG no. 10 is contingent upon addressing societal notions of equity. In line with this conclusion, the study advocates for development of “equity targets” for employment income that could potentially be operationalized through their integration into a future ISO Equality Certification framework.},
  author = {Boswell, Gareth Brendan},
  doi = {10.47191/ijsshr/v8-i11-27},
  issn = {2644-0679},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Science and Human Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {1-20},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {An Equity Theory of Predistribution},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v8-i11-27},
  volume = 08,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{nico2019social,
  abstract = {In 2019 the EU-Council of Europe youth partnership launches Perspectives on Youth Online. This project aims to launch debates on topics of relevance to youth policy and practice that are not necessarily at the centre of the agenda but that have important implications for initiatives on the ground. The project kicks off with a research paper on social values of young people, based on the European Social Survey and the European Value Study aiming to cover as many countries in geographic Europe as possible. So we have asked the sociologist Magda Nico to look into these important databases and to analyse what statistics and numbers actually tell us about young people’s social values – which categories reflect the biggest differences and how that could be interpreted. We hope this will be the basis for an interesting series of discussions with the policy, research and practice communities in the field of youth in the coming months.},
  author = {Nico, Magda},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  institution = {University Institute of Lisbon},
  keywords = {2019 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {What do I care for? Social Values of Young People Compared},
  url = {https://pjp-eu.coe.int/documents/42128013/47262649/Social+Values+full+paper.pdf/c8e7b81a-f41b-52ca-ea31-7e7e5c4ce67f},
  year = 2019
}

@article{iglic2025interest,
  abstract = {Political interest is the basis for an individual’s informed and consistent engagement with politics, making it essential to understand its origins. In this article we focus on a largely understudied factor: social involvement, which is conceptualized in terms of social trust and collective identification, both reflecting individuals’ attachment to others. The primary aim is to explore the causal mechanisms through which social involvement shapes political interest. We propose three explanatory mechanisms formulated in terms of social empathy, common good, and political efficacy. Drawing on data from the 2017 European Values Survey, our analysis provides robust empirical support for the common good and empathy mechanisms. The findings suggest that social trust and collective identification enhance political interest by reinforcing the perceived value and significance of political involvement. The efficacy argument, however, received no support. Overall, the results underscore the significant role of trust in unfamiliar others and cosmopolitan identification.},
  author = {Iglič, Hajdeja and Van Rossem, Ronan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/00207659.2025.2545684},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {00207659},
  journal = {International Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {376-402},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Interest through social involvement: the impact of social trust and collective identification on political interest},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2025.2545684},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{clements2014burqa,
  address = {Rennes},
  author = {Clements, Ben},
  booktitle = {Quand la burqa passe à l’Ouest},
  editor = {Koussens, David and Roy, Olivier},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800},
  isbn = {978-2-7535-2844-4},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {39-52},
  publisher = {Presses universitaires de Rennes},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008},
  title = {La burqa dans l’opinion publique des sociétés occidentales},
  url = {https://www.pur-editions.fr},
  year = 2014
}

@incollection{garayova2024slovakia,
  abstract = {Europe is experiencing a complex set of demographic challenges characterised by declining birth rates, an ageing population, and evolving family structures. These demographic trends have the potential to impact various facets of society, including labour markets, social welfare systems, and intergenerational relationships. To address these challenges, European nations have devised legal solutions, primarily through family policy and family law instruments, aimed at supporting families, parents, and children. Some of these nations have developed strong legal tools in response to this demographic change, while others are struggling. These demographic challenges necessitate comprehensive legal responses that incorporate family policy and family law instruments. By promoting family well-being, supporting parents, and safeguarding the rights of children, these legal mechanisms contribute to addressing the complex demographic issues confronting Europe. Policy-makers must continue to adapt and refine these legal solutions to ensure the sustainability of European societies in the face of demographic change. This country report provides insight into the demographic challenges and their solutions specific to Slovakia.},
  address = {Budapest},
  author = {Garayová, Lilla},
  booktitle = {Demographic Challenges in Central Europe. Studies of the Central European Professors' Network},
  doi = {10.54237/profnet.2024.tbdecce_17},
  editor = {Barzó, Tímea},
  isbn = {9786156474513},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {623-680},
  publisher = {Central European Academic Publishing},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Slovakia: Safeguarding the Future – Legal and Policy Solutions to Demographic Trends},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.54237/profnet.2024.tbdecce_17},
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{nitsche2022countries,
  abstract = {The Covid-19-pandemic-related closure of schools has affected the majority of the world’s students and remains a contentious issue. Using data from the UNESCO school database, the ISSP 2012, and country-level panel regressions, we leverage simultaneous school closures during the first wave of Covid-19 lockdowns to estimate the effect of gender ideology on school reopening schedules. We show that societal gender ideology has likely influenced school reopening policies: i.e., that societies with more supportive attitudes toward maternal employment reopened schools significantly sooner, and at higher intensities, than societies with less supportive attitudes toward maternal employment, relative to other reopening measures, and net of infection rates. Our findings suggest a causal effect of gender ideological beliefs regarding pandemic-related school closure policies. We test and exclude a variety of potential confounders, such as a country’s maternal employment rate, GDP, social spending, and cultural values toward children. We argue that school closures may be perceived as less problematic in countries where more people support the ideal of a stay-at-home mother. Gender attitudes may thus represent a set of ideas that affect policy-makers’ decision-making via gender ideology normative framing or a potential gender ideology bias. However, the specific underlying mechanisms through which the gender ideology effect operates at the policy-maker level remain untested in our study, and should be investigated by future research.},
  address = {Rostock},
  author = {Nitsche, Natalie and Hudde, Ansgar},
  doi = {10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2022-008},
  institution = {Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {WP-2022-008},
  pages = 58,
  series = {Working Paper},
  title = {Countries embracing maternal employment opened schools sooner after Covid-19 lockdowns},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2022-008},
  year = 2022
}

@book{tausch2025global,
  abstract = {This book provides a groundbreaking empirical study on the persistence of religious morality in an increasingly secular world. Analyzing data from the 2019–2022 World Values Survey and European Values Survey, it examines religious adherence and morality across 82 countries and over 400 political parties. Using advanced index methodologies, the study reveals where and how religious norms, particularly those rooted in the Ten Commandments, continue to shape social values and how this affects political party support. Essential for scholars, policymakers, and religious communities, this book challenges the notion that secularization is inevitable and explores the complex relationship between faith, politics, and global development.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Tausch, Arno},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-97551-6},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Global Publics, Political Parties and Morality: An Analysis Based on the World Values Survey},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97551-6},
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{lammers2018crossing,
  address = {Stockholm },
  author = {Lammers, Elisé},
  keywords = {2018 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Stockholm University},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Crossing Borders, Sharing Stories},
  url = {https://www.edu.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.406167.1539354579!/menu/standard/file/Elise%20Lammers%20Thesis%20Final.pdf},
  year = 2018
}

@article{topcu2025kltrnde,
  abstract = {The concept of psychological resilience is a phenomenon that needs to be addressed in a cultural context. The unique values and priorities of each country will shape the ways of coping with adversity. Accordingly, this review examines the importance of resilience in the cultural context and examines how individuals cope with adversity in Turkish culture. Research shows that cultural values shape coping strategies and empower individuals in difficult times. In Turkish culture, family, solidarity, tolerance and spirituality are among the main elements that support psychological resilience. It is seen that individuals gain strength in coping with earthquakes, pandemics and serious illnesses, especially by receiving support from their relatives and prioritizing their spiritual values. In this context, it is recommended to develop culturally sensitive resilience interventions. Focusing studies in the field of mental health on discovering the strong resources that individuals have in the local context will help to create more effective support mechanisms.},
  author = {Topçu, Feyza and Aslan, Beyza},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.32739/usmut.2025.11.18.120},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  journal = {The Journal of Happiness and Well-Being},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {31-39},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Türk Kültüründe Psikolojik Dayanıklılık: Zorluklar Karşısında Güç Veren Kaynakların İncelenmesi (Investigating Psychological Resilience in Turkey: An Examination of Strength-Building Resources Amidst Adversity)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32739/usmut.2025.11.18.120},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{kate2021diversity,
  abstract = {We study how the tax morale of individuals is inﬂuenced by societal diversity in their place of residence. Using data from the World Value Survey, we compare the eﬀects that diversity has on self-reported measures of tax morale both at the regional and at the in-dividual level. We show ﬁrst that within countries sub-national regions characterized by greater diversity exhibit on average lower levels of tax morale. We then document that within each region tax morale is lower among individuals who are less similar to others from the region and this eﬀect operates more strongly in regions characterized by higher levels of diversity. This pattern applies to diversity in terms of diﬀerent attributes, includ-ing income, ethnicity, language or religion, but is particularly striking when it comes to diversity in terms of cultural values. It suggests that social identiﬁcation may be important for how people perceive their responsibility of paying taxes.},
  address = {Groningen},
  author = {Kate, Fabian and Klasing, Mariko and Milionis, Petros},
  institution = {University of Groningen},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {2021015-EEF},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Diversity, Identity and Tax Morale},
  year = 2021
}

@techreport{khorana2023women,
  abstract = {This study uses enterprise survey data from a sample of 26 countries to address the question "why are there too few women at the top of firms?". That is, it asks why the proportion of firms with females at the top is low in relation to the share of females in full-time employment. To reduce the risk of bias arising from a confounding variable the range of explanatory variables used was wide, including data at the level of the firm, sector and country. An important contribution to the analysis was made by the inclusion of national cultural attitudes. The most important findings of the enterprise level analysis were that foreign owned firms were statistically significantly less likely to employ a female top manager, that the pattern of female top managers by sector follows a wider pattern of gender segregation, and that national cultural attitudes are important in the determination of the gender of the top manager. Having established the importance of cultural attitudes in determination of the gender of top managers the study uses a second set of data to analyse national attitudes associated with hostility to female executives. Unsurprisingly this hostility to female executives is predominantly on the part of males rather than females but religion and a lack of education are important too. The paper contributes to the literature on gender in International Business and overlaps with the literature dealing with the need for affiliates to adjust to local culture.},
  author = {Khorana, Sangeeta and Webster, Allan},
  institution = {GLO Discussion Paper},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 1276,
  pages = {1-27},
  series = {Working Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Too few women at the top of firms: Foreign ownership, gender segregation and cultural causes},
  url = {https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/270935},
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{leisibach2022language,
  abstract = {What shapes long-term orientation? A small literature using cross-country comparisons and experimental data suggests that culture may be a key determinant in explaining time preferences. We provide novel withincountry evidence on this issue by exploiting the historical and sharp German-French language border within Switzerland. Using tax data of the bilingual canton of Bern, we compare the behavior of individuals that are exposed to a common institutional, political, economic, and geographic environment but diﬀer in their language. We ﬁnd that compared to their French-speaking fellow citizens, the German speakers save more for retirement, are more likely to pursue continuing education and training, less prone to gambling, and dispose over higher wealth. We ﬁnd no evidence that our results are driven by religion or that they reﬂect diﬀerences in risk aversion. Although horizontal transmission of culture may play its role, the results indicate that the underlying values and norms are mainly vertically transmitted.},
  address = {St. Gallen},
  author = {Leisibach, Patrick and Schaltegger, Christoph A},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  institution = {Institute of Public Finance, Fiscal Law and Law \& Economics (IFF-HSG)},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = 83,
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Mind Your Language: The Role of Culture in Future-Oriented Behavior},
  url = {https://iff.unisg.ch/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/WP-12-Leisibach-Schaltegger.pdf},
  year = 2022
}

@article{kasselstrand2025secularization,
  abstract = {The role of women, and in particular their participation in the labor force, is an understudied factor in explaining patterns of secularization. This study draws on aggregated cross-national data to examine the relationship between women’s employment and religiosity. Using longitudinal regression models, the findings indicate that increases in women’s employment are associated with declines in religiosity—a result that holds after controlling for relevant covariates. These broad findings apply to the West, to a variety of other cultural-religious contexts, but not to nondemocratic societies. The relationship between women’s employment and secularization aligns with the assertion that aspects of modernization are associated with weaker religious commitment and that women hold the primary responsibility for religious socialization and for maintaining religion in the family sphere. This study thus shows that the structural position of women in the family and the economy is integral to understanding religious decline in the contemporary world.},
  author = {Kasselstrand, Isabella and Kollmeyer, Christopher},
  doi = {10.1093/socrel/sraf026},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {10694404},
  journal = {Sociology of Religion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Secularization and Gender: A Global Study of the Effects of Women’s Employment on Religious Decline},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/sraf026},
  year = 2025
}

@article{caferra2025family,
  abstract = {Purpose: This paper aims to shed light on the relationship between intergenerational labor mobility and tax morale among European citizens, given the relatively limited evidence on the potential influence of tax compliance behavior on future inequalities. Design/methodology/approach: Exploiting data from the European Values Study (2008), we show that the larger the intergenerational mobility, i.e. better economic conditions of children respect to their parents, the larger the willingness to pay taxes. In this vein, the subjective tax payment may be meant as an investment which could be rewarded with a more mobile society result by considering different estimation strategies. This evidence remarks the importance to foster intergenerational mobility to build a more tax-compliant society. Findings: The linkage between mobility and tax morale is stronger and significant across citizens living in high income classes, and in countries where there is a commitment of the Government in guaranteeing more opportunities to citizens regardless of their familiar starting conditions (more defamiliarized countries). We further show that the intergenerational mobility significantly shapes the attitude towards tax payment only among individuals who claim for independence from their family context (i.e. those showing less family ties). This evidence remarks the importance to foster intergenerational mobility to build a more tax-compliant society. Originality/value: We revisit the linkage between attitude toward tax compliance and inequality, on the light of the intergenerational labor mobility, that may be seen as the dependence between children's and parents' earnings. Given the insights from the existing studies, this paper represents the first empirical work that aims to analyze the potential relationship between intergenerational mobility and personal attitude toward tax payment across European citizens.},
  author = {Caferra, Rocco and Cascavilla, Alessandro and Morone, Andrea},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13841},
  doi = {10.1108/JES-03-2024-0138},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v5.0.0},
  issn = {01443585},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1092-1112},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Family affairs or Government's duty? The tax morality of a mobile society},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-03-2024-0138},
  volume = 52,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{fichnova2025trust,
  abstract = {The aim of the chapter is to clarify the nature of the links between trust (mainly toward institutions and the media), creativity (where artificial intelligence technologies are used), and the country’s economic performance. We perceive creativity as a vector of originality and usefulness, based on the compliant concept of the authors (Dacey & Lennon, 2000; de Fremery & Buckland, 2024). In accordance with the paradigmatic concepts of Hawkins (2002) and Florida et al. (2015), we consider creativity to be the fundamental pillar of the economy. At the same time, we perceive it as related to macro-social conditions, based on the concept of the so-called “creativogenic society” (society supporting and increasing creativity) (Arieti, 1976). Dacey and Lennon (2000) consider it the main component of the sources of creativity in their Bio-Psycho-Social model. Trust is also essential in a micro-social context, for example, in Ekvall’s research (1999), comparing innovative and stagnant enterprises, where trust is one of the factors of a creative climate supporting creativity (according to his concept, a creative climate has an impact on the quality of productivity, innovation, job satisfaction, well-being, and profit).},
  address = {New York},
  author = {Fichnová, Katarína and Wojciechowski, Łukasz P. and Štrbová, Edita and Sołtysik-Piorunkiewicz, Anna},
  booktitle = {Trust, Media and the Economy: Mutual Relations},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003534280-11},
  editor = {Paliszkiewicz, Joanna and Gołuchowski, Jerzy and Zdanowicz-Cyganiak, Katarzyna and Chen, Kuanchin},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  isbn = {9781003534280},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {107-116},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Trust and the economic performance of creative industry entities and artificial intelligence technology},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003534280-11},
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{marolla2023european,
  abstract = {European democracies have witnessed the progressive affirmation of populist parties in the last two decades. This thesis draws from the suggestions of the theoretical literature on populism to study why European citizens support populist parties. In doing so, the aim of this thesis is twofold: on the one hand, it applies the ideational approach to populism to investigate support for populism from a comparative perspective; on the other hand, it seeks to understand how demand-side and supply-side factors contribute to explaining the cross-country and temporal heterogeneity in their electoral performances. This thesis focuses on two demand-side factors (i.e., social marginalisation and sociotropic concerns about economy) and two factors of the supply-side (i.e., liberal institutional arrangements and party competition). The results show that, first, populist parties attract significant support from citizens perceiving socially marginalised, especially in wealthy and globalised contexts; whereas sociotropic concerns about economy do not lead to higher support for populism. Second, liberal institutional arrangements increase the anti-institutional appeal of populist parties; whereas party competition on a core element of the far-right populist ideology (nativism) does not affect support for far-right populism to a great extent. This thesis shows that an approach that integrates both demand and supply side perspectives is beneficial to understand the reasons underlying support for populism.},
  author = {Marolla, Francesco},
  doi = {10.26116/379G-X241},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Open Press Tilburg University},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Why do European citizens support populism?: A comparative study of demand-side and supply-side explanations},
  type = {P.h.D Thesis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26116/379G-X241},
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{damian2022religion,
  abstract = {In this paper, the relation between host country’s religious culture and the civic involvement of first-generation immigrants is examined. Using data from the European Value Study 2008, multilevel logistic regression analyses are applied to examine whether there is a relation between the religious denomination that prevails in the host country or the level of ethnic diversity and immigrant civic involvement in religious and secular organizations. The findings indicate that the percentages of Roman Catholic, Orthodox, or Muslim believers in the destination country are negatively associated with membership in religious organizations, while for membership in the secular organizations we find no effect. Furthermore, the results reveal no support for a relation between the level of ethnic diversity and civic involvement in either of the two organizations. These results are further discussed in the article.},
  author = {Damian, Elena and Voicu, Malina},
  doi = {10.31219/osf.io/qg5vx},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  institution = {Open Science Framework},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Religion in the host country and immigrants’ membership in civic associations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/qg5vx},
  year = 2022
}

@incollection{lauw2025symbolic,
  address = {London},
  author = {Lauw, Erven and Smith, Ian},
  booktitle = {Routledge Handbook of Gender and Corruption},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003567912-8},
  editor = {Williams, Sope and Kapardis, Maria Krambia and Kihl, Lisa A.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9781032938448},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {89-108},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The symbolic effect of women in politics on trust in parliament: A multilevel panel study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003567912-8},
  year = 2025
}

@book{cunharezende2023pluralismo,
  abstract = {Este livro resulta da reflexão sistemática do autor ao longo de duas décadas de ensino e pesquisa na área de Epistemologia, Método Comparativo e Metodologia Política. A obra pretende estimular a reflexão metodológica de estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação nas universidades brasileiras considerada como condição necessária para o desenvolvimento de uma Ciência Política de maior qualidade no país. A motivação básica do livro é ir além de uma obra típica de metodologia, usualmente centrada em regras e procedimentos, e dar um passo adiante para compreender como um conjunto substantivo de transformações metodológicas desencadeadas na disciplina desde meados dos anos 90 – conhecida como revolução de credibilidade – afetou as lógicas de produção do conhecimento na ciência política, tornando-a radicalmente diferenciada de outros campos canônicos das ciências sociais como a economia e sociologia. A ciência política continua a ter forte interesse em inferência causal, e esse processo se intensifica ao longo das décadas revelando um contexto de forte competição por teorias mais críveis, desenhos de pesquisa mais rigorosos dotados de maior qualidade inferencial. Com efeito, a principal contribuição deste livro é a de sugerir a plausibilidade da tese de que o pluralismo inferencial é uma importante condição constitutiva da produção do conhecimento válido em ciência política, o que a torna singular. Essa teoria argumenta que a produção do conhecimento na Ciência Política se estrutura a partir de múltiplas lógicas de causação, exibindo uma pluralidade de desenhos de pesquisa que permitem a geração de inferências causais válidas. De forma original, a tese do pluralismo é empiricamente corroborada em 25 periódicos de alto fator de impacto no período 2000-2021 a partir de um conjunto de métricas e indicadores originais. Uma das contribuições do livro é mostrar que o Pluralismo Inferencial termina por gerar uma condição constitutiva de Mesas Inferenciais Separadas que divide a produção contemporânea a partir da conexão entre teoria e metodologia. A teoria explica as escolhas metodológicas, e não o contrário.},
  address = {Mercês},
  author = {Cunha Rezende, Flávio da},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  isbn = {9786525042138},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book other},
  language = {other},
  publisher = {Editora Appris},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {O Pluralismo Inferencial na Ciência Política: Teoria e Evidências},
  year = 2023
}

@incollection{boasdottir2024iceland,
  address = {Edinburgh },
  author = {Bóasdóttir, Sólveig Anna},
  editor = {Johnson, Todd M. and Mayer, Annemarie C. and Ross, Kenneth R.},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Iceland},
  volume = {Christianity in Western and Northern Europe},
  year = 2024
}

@article{jankovic2025family,
  abstract = {This paper explores the role of family socialization in the intergenerational transmission of poverty risk, with a focus on patterns of reliance on poverty-targeted assistance in Montenegro. Drawing on two waves of the European Values Study and applying logistic regression across four analytical models, the analysis tests two hypotheses related to early-life disadvantage. The findings show that childhood experiences of parental unemployment and material hardship significantly increase the likelihood of receiving social assistance in adulthood, indicating a cumulative trajectory of disadvantage. The results also suggest that socio-economic deprivation within the family context may shape long-term orientations toward work and public support. These insights align with theoretical perspectives that interpret poverty as a reproduced life-course pattern rather than a short-term disruption. The discussion underscores the need for integrated, preventive social policy measures aimed at disrupting the intergenerational transmission of poverty. The findings carry important implications for the reform of residual social protection systems in post-socialist contexts such as Montenegro.},
  author = {Janković, Uglješa and Bešić, Miloš},
  doi = {10.31577/sociologia.2025.57.6.19},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {526-551},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Family Socialization and Intergenerational Patterns of Social Assistance (Minimum Income): Evidence from Montenegro},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2025.57.6.19},
  volume = 57,
  year = 2025
}

@article{baranowski2024leftright,
  abstract = {While conventional wisdom holds that right-wing individuals tend to present more negative attitudes toward environmental protection, McCright and colleagues find no clear relationship between political ideology and environmental attitudes in Central and Eastern Europe. The reason for this finding remains speculative. Our study expands on this phenomenon by exploring how party competition and, thereby, parties’ focus on a specific issue moderate this ideology-environment link at an individual level across 28 European countries. Using individual level-data from the European Value Study and party-level estimates from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey, our findings emphasize that respondents’ political orientation predicts their environmental attitudes more strongly when their preferred party prioritizes environmental issues. Notably, the left-right connection weakens when parties downplay environmental concerns, revealing why such issues have less impact in Central and Eastern, and Southern European political landscapes. This underscores the contextual boundaries of political ideology’s explanatory power in diverse political arrangements.},
  author = {Baranowski, Mariusz and Huber, Robert A. and Jabkowski, Piotr and Szulecka, Julia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/09644016.2024.2401257},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {0964-4016},
  journal = {Environmental Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {793-816},
  study-id = {EVS20178},
  title = {Left–right political orientation fails to explain environmental attitudes of Europeans outside Western Europe: exploring the moderating role of party positions and issue salience},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2024.2401257},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2025
}

@article{goldin2025babies,
  abstract = {Fertility levels have decreased greatly in virtually every nation, but the timing of the decline has differed even among developed countries. In Europe, Asia and North America, total fertility rates (TFRs) of some nations dipped below the magic replacement figure of 2.1 as early as the 1970s. But in other nations, fertility rates remained substantial until the 1990s, plummeting subsequently. This paper addresses why some countries in Europe and Asia with moderate fertility levels in the 1980s have become the ‘lowest low’ nations today (TFRs less than 1.3), whereas those that decreased earlier have not. Also addressed is why the crossover point for the two groups of nations was around the 1980s and 1990s. An important factor that distinguishes the two groups is their economic growth in the decades after the Second World War, especially the 1960s and 1970s. Countries with ‘lowest low’ fertility rates today experienced rapid growth in GDP per capita after a long period of stagnation or decline. They were catapulted into modernity, but the beliefs, values and traditions of their citizens changed more slowly. Thus swift economic change may lead to both generational and gendered conflicts that result in a rapid decrease in TFR.},
  author = {Goldin, Claudia},
  doi = {10.1111/ecca.12585},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {00130427},
  journal = {Economica},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 367,
  pages = {675-700},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Babies and the macroeconomy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12585},
  volume = 92,
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{mehring2022protective,
  abstract = {Although the gender gap in populist radical right electoral support has been examined extensively over the last decades, little scholarly attention has been paid to the role that gender – as opposed to sex – plays in shaping political attitudes and behaviour. Concurrently with the gendered element of populist radical right support being heavily undertheorized, the gender ideology of the party family is frequently disregarded. Importantly, this renders the expression and propagation of masculinity by populist radical right parties and their supporters virtually invisible, omitting a crucial factor that might contribute to understanding the gender gap. Consequently, this author proposes to use the concept of ‘protective masculinity’ as an analytical tool explaining the gender gap. Moreover, it is suggested that the two mechanisms of mediation – men and women differ on the attitude of ‘protective masculinity’ that predicts populist radical right support – and moderation – men and women differ on the effects of the ‘protective masculinity’ attitude that predicts populist radical right support – might be at play. This research is conducted through employing a multilevel logistic regression where ‘protective masculinity’ is operationalized as the interaction variable of both anti-Muslim attitudes and low gender egalitarian attitudes. Using the 2017 wave of the European Values Study on 25,967 individuals nested in 24 European countries, this author finds that ‘protective masculinity’ attitudes indeed are related to populist radical right support. Yet, although men are slightly more likely than women to hold ‘protective masculinity’ attitudes, these attitudes are unable to explain the gender gap, as only a small partial mediation and no significant moderation effect has been found.},
  address = {Gothenburg},
  author = {Mehring, Kathina},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Gothenburg},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Protective Masculinity and the Populist Radical Right},
  url = {https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/73720},
  year = 2022
}

@article{bartram2025inequality,
  abstract = {Does increased economic inequality undermine people’s subjective well-being (SWB)? Longitudinal analyses ostensibly offer a good foundation for results that can be interpreted in causal terms, because the analytical design controls for time-constant differences between countries. But researchers must still consider what controls to include for time-varying variables. Researchers engaged with this topic generally focus their attention on controls for individual-level determinants of SWB. I argue (in part by pointing to results in previous research) that individual-level controls are not important for this question—instead, what is needed is more careful attention to the identification of time-varying country-level controls. A more plausible set of decisions leads to a more extensive set of country-level controls. Applying that perspective to an analysis of relatively wealthy countries during the period 1990 to 2019, one main finding is that the overall negative impact of economic inequality on life satisfaction is much smaller than what is evident in previous research. But there are important differences for income groups. The negative impact on lower earners is larger than the overall result. For higher earners rising income inequality leads to increased life satisfaction—a striking result that contrasts with previous research.},
  author = {Bartram, David},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcaf014},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {02667215},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Does inequality undermine life satisfaction? Effective identification of country-level controls for a longitudinal investigation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaf014},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{manacorda2022mobile,
  abstract = {We study the political effects of the diffusion of mobile Internet between 2007 and 2017, using data on electoral outcomes and on mobile Internet signal across the 84,564 municipalities of 22 European countries. We find that access to mobile Internet increased voters’ support for right-wing populist parties and for parties running on extreme socially conservative platforms, primarily in areas with greater economic deprivation. Using survey data, we also show that mobile Internet increased communitarian attitudes, such as nationalism and dislike of strangers and minorities. We conclude that mobile Internet benefitted right-wing populist parties because, in line with findings in social psychology, it fostered offline tribalism.},
  address = {Rochester},
  author = {Manacorda, Marco and Tabellini, Guido and Tesei, Andrea},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  institution = {CESifo},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 9955,
  pages = 75,
  series = {Working paper},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Mobile Internet and the Rise of Political Tribalism in Europe},
  url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4235470},
  year = 2022
}

@article{hsu2025samesex,
  abstract = {This study investigates whether policy changes aimed at elevating the status of historically negatively constructed groups can sway previously unfavorable social images, using the legalization of same-sex marriage as a critical empirical case. Leveraging data from the Joint EVS/WVS conducted in 2019 across countries, this study exploits a unique natural experiment in Taiwan, where the policy on same-sex marriage shifted to legalization during the survey period. This timing allows us to examine the immediate effect of same-sex marriage legalization on public attitudes toward gays and lesbians. Using difference-in-difference analysis, this study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that after the legalization of same-sex marriage, there appears to be a shift in public attitudes, with individuals tending to view homosexuality as more justifiable, being more likely to accept homosexuals as neighbors, and being more agreeable to the notion that homosexual couples are as good as other parents. },
  author = {Hsu, Hung-Yi},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897 ; 10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.1111/polp.70065},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  issn = {15555623},
  journal = {Politics & Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-18},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Same-Sex Marriage Legalization and Attitudes Toward Gays and Lesbians: Evidence From a Natural Experiment},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.70065},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2025
}

@article{akaliyski2025development,
  abstract = {Post–Cold War Europe has become a scene of a grueling contestation over questions of morality, with key players being the EU and Russia. The legacy of the Cold War on the moral beliefs of European nations and their transformation over the last three decades requires an examination. We advance theory toward the potential role of development, institutions, and identity, associated with the Cold War division and continued differentiation at present. We use the Morally Debatable Behaviors Scale fielded in the World Value Survey and the European Values Study (1981–2021) to analyze the variation in the long-term dynamics of two moral dimensions: (a) dishonest-illegal issues (DII) and (b) personal-sexual issues (PSI). An age-period-cohort analysis reveals that old EU-members, post-communist EU-members, and post-communist non-EU countries have experienced distinct evolutions in both moral domains. The identity approach was supported: old EU members have increased their leniency on PSI and decreased it on DII; new EU members followed the same trends but slower on PSI and faster on DII; non-EU nations experienced no change on either issue. These trends are only partly attributable to the changes in the quality of institutions. Economic development has the expected positive effect only in old EU members, while its impact on PSI dwindles and even reverses as one moves away from Brussels’ sphere of influence. Furthermore, contrary to previous evidence, we find that economic development predicts changes in DII, potentially due to the expansion of moral concern to unknown others.},
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen and Tormos, Raül},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1177/00220221241258463},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00220221},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {354-379},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Development, Institutions, and Identity: Reshaping Europe’s Post–Cold War Moral Landscape},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221241258463},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{kolczynska2021political,
  abstract = {The causal link between political trust and democratic performance has been assumed rather than established. Building on research on political trust as related to regime legitimacy and on the evaluative nature of political trust, we formulate hypotheses about the effect of political trust on democracy and of democracy on political trust, both with regard to overall levels of trust in societies, as well as trust by education and age groups. We test these hypotheses with cross-lagged models applied to country time series of political trust from 26 European countries between 1991 and 2019, and with two democracy indicators, from the Varieties of Democracy and the Democracy Barometer projects. We find evidence of effects of democracy on trust and vice versa, as well as of differences in the effects of democracy on political trust among different education and age groups. The results are sensitive to the choice of the democracy indicator as well as the lag length, which points to the need of examining different reasonable combinations of indicators and nags in this kind of analysis.},
  author = {Kolczynska, Marta and Bürkner, Paul-Christian},
  doi = {10.31235/osf.io/79dth},
  institution = {SocArXiv},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Political trust as a cause and consequence of democracy: Longitudinal analysis of European data},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/79dth},
  year = 2021
}

@incollection{kisic2025serbian,
  address = {Baden-Baden},
  author = {Kisić, Jelena Jorgačević},
  booktitle = {Religion und Diplomatie: Ein Blick aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Religionsgemeinschaften},
  doi = {10.5771/9783748950479-173},
  editor = {Kreft, Heinrich},
  isbn = {978-3-7489-5047-9},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {173-187},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Serbian Orthodox Church and its influence in Serbia and the Western Balkans},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748950479-173},
  year = 2025
}

@article{szalma2025impact,
  abstract = {This study investigates attitudes towards the adoption rights and parenting skills of same-sex couples in 25 European countries using data from the European Social Survey and the European Values Study. The aim is to explore how political-demographic processes and various types of pronatalism intersect and shape attitudes towards same-sex parenting issues. Our hierarchical regression analysis reveals that similar social groups generally accept both same-sex adoption rights and parenting skills. Additionally, attitudes towards these issues are influenced by views on immigration and voluntary childlessness, along with macro-level factors like legal regulations, gender inequality and religiosity. The study enhances the understanding of European political-demographic processes and the concept of selective patriotic pronatalism – defined as a preference for the reproduction of certain social groups over others, framed as a national or patriotic duty – by highlighting that various forms of pronatalism can actually impede reproductive empowerment.},
  author = {Szalma, Ivett and Takács, Judit},
  doi = {10.1332/25151088Y2024D000000072},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {2515-1088},
  journal = {European Journal of Politics and Gender},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-27},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The impact of political-demographic considerations on European attitudes towards parenting and adoption by same-sex couples},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1332/25151088Y2024D000000072},
  year = 2025
}

@article{righetti2025antigender,
  abstract = {This study investigates how culturally rooted moral worldviews shape vulnerability to misinformation by introducing the concept of fundamentalist traditionalism – a belief system grounded in rigid values concerning gender, sexuality, and family, and exemplified by culture war phenomena such as the anti-gender movement. While previous research has linked religious fundamentalism to susceptibility to misinformation, the role of moral absolutism – independent of institutional religion – remains underexplored. Drawing on data from the 2017 European Values Study (Italy) and employing Structural Equation Modeling, we test whether traditionalist values mediate the relationship between religiosity and social marginality – a proxy for misinformation vulnerability. The results indicate that more substantial support for traditionalist values is associated with higher levels of social marginality. These findings suggest that moral conservatism – such as that expressed by the anti-gender movement – exists at a culturally vulnerable crossroads, where rigid moral convictions may heighten susceptibility to misinformation. },
  author = {Righetti, Nicola},
  doi = {10.1080/15348423.2025.2541098},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1534-8415},
  journal = {Journal of Media and Religion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Anti-Gender Fundamentalist Traditionalism and Vulnerability to Misinformation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2025.2541098        },
  year = 2025
}

@article{tackner2025politische,
  abstract = {Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet die Teuerung in Österreich aus verschiedenen Perspektiven der politischen Soziologie. Hierzu werden zwei Theorien vorgestellt: Die ökonomische Theorie des Wählens, welche das (Ab-)Wählen von Regierungen auf Basis der wirtschaftlichen Lage erklärt, und die Theorie der Werte-Cleavage, welche anhand des Wertewandels den Wandel von Parteiensystemen erklärt. Der Aufsatz bietet empirische Einblicke auf mehreren Ebenen: Die Teuerungsthematik hat in den 1990er-Jahren an Bedeutung für die Bevölkerung verloren, allerdings ist die Teuerung seit der Finanzkrise 2007 wieder von zentraler Bedeutung. Für Wähler*innen postmaterieller Parteien (Grüne und NEOS) ist die Bekämpfung der Teuerung seltener eine Priorität. Auf der Ebene der Entscheidungsträger*innen zeigt sich, dass Akteur*innen im Feld der Wirtschaft die Teuerung eher mit Argumenten der Österreichischen Schule der Nationalökonomie deuten und staatliche Eingriffe als Ursache für die Teuerung sehen, während bei Politiker*innen stärker keynesianische Erklärungsversuche für die Teuerung zu finden sind.This article examines inflation in Austria from various perspectives of political sociology. It presents two theoretical frameworks: (1) the economic theory of voting, which explains the (dis)approval of governments based on economic conditions, and (2) the values cleavage theory, which accounts for changes in party systems through shifts in societal values. The article then provides empirical insights on multiple levels: the issue of inflation had lost significance for the population in the 1990s; however, inflation regained importance since the 2007 financial crisis. For voters of post-materialist parties (Greens and Liberals), the addressing of inflation is less frequently a priority. At the level of decision-makers, it becomes apparent that actors in the field of economics tend to interpret inflation using arguments from the Austrian School of Economics and view government intervention as the cause of rising prices, whereas politicians are more likely to draw on Keynesian explanations for inflation.},
  author = {Tackner, Nico and Gasser, Jakob},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {1013-1469},
  journal = {SWS-Rundschau},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {240-259},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Politische Soziologie der Teuerung: Bevölkerung - Politik - Wirtschaft},
  url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-106733-2},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2025
}

@article{lindqvist2025choices,
  abstract = {Research on representation consistently shows that high-income voters see more of their preferred policies implemented than less affluent citizens. However, the mechanisms behind this unequal policy representation remain unclear. This paper examines how voter behaviour, particularly the alignment between vote choices and policy outcomes, contributes to this disparity. Using a large dataset that spans close to 300,000 respondents across 32 European countries and 197 election periods, we analyse public policy preferences, vote choices and policy implementation. We find that high-income voters have higher levels of policy congruence, are more likely to vote, vote more for parties whose positions match their own and are more likely to see their preferred parties in government. Nevertheless, these factors still do not explain the observed inequality in opinion-policy congruence. Hence, unequal representation cannot be attributed to electoral mechanisms. This result has important implications for our understanding of (unequal) policy representation and electoral accountability.},
  author = {Lindqvist, Jesper and Persson, Mikael and Schakel, Wouter and Sundell, Anders},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.70015},
  issn = {03044130},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {2093-2105},
  study = {Eurobarometer ; EVS ; CSES},
  title = {Poor choices? Examining the electoral connection behind unequal policy representation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.70015},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2025
}

@article{alejos2025gizartebalioen,
  abstract = {This dissertation explores the ways in which social values influence the construction of a shared vision in the field of competitiveness for wellbeing, using the case study Euskadi 2040, a regional visioning exercise in the Basque Country. Employing action research for territorial development methodology, a conceptual and analytical framework is developed, by integrating theoretical knowledge (which bridges social values and futures domain literature strands) and key experiential learnings from the case study. The framework is tested and elaborated further via mixed methods, utilising European Values Study data alongside qualitative analysis of the process.},
  author = {Alejos, Ane Izulain},
  doi = {10.26876/ikergazte.vi.02.19},
  issn = {30459567},
  journal = {IkerGazte. Nazioarteko ikerketa euskaraz},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {151-156},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Gizarte-balioen rola ongizaterako lehiakortasunari buruzko bisio partekatu baten eraketan. Euskadiren kasua},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.26876/ikergazte.vi.02.19},
  volume = 2,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{behr2021aaporwapor,
  abstract = {The main purposes of this task force are to identify the most pressing challenges concerning data quality, promote best practices, recommend priorities for future study, and foster dialogue and collaboration on 3MC methodology. The intended audience for this report includes those involved in all aspects of 3MC surveys including data producers, data archivists, data users, funders and other stakeholders, and those who wish to know more about this discipline.},
  author = {Behr, Dorothée and Burnett, Jamie and Fitzgerald, Rory and Granda, Peter and Guerrero, Linda Luz and Gyuzalyan, Hayk and Johnson, Tim and et al.},
  institution = {AAPOR/WAPOR},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 148,
  title = {AAPOR/WAPOR Task Force Report on Quality in Comparative Surveys},
  url = {https://www.aapor.org/getattachment/Education-Resources/Reports/AAPOR-WAPOR-Task-Force-Report-on-Quality-in-Comparative-Surveys_Full-Report.pdf.aspx},
  year = 2021
}

@book{milot2025pluralisme,
  address = {Rennes},
  author = {Milot, Micheline and Portier, Philippe and Willaime, Jean-Paul},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  isbn = {9791041306091},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book french},
  language = {french},
  publisher = {Presses universitaires de Rennes},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Pluralisme religieux et citoyenneté},
  year = 2025
}

@article{hollinger2025impact,
  abstract = {This article examines the impact of paranormal belief, spiritual practice, and religiosity on attitudes towards the COVID pandemic in Austria. The empirical results indicate that both paranormal belief and spiritual engagement are associated with an above-average tendency to question mainstream scientific assessments of the dynamics of the COVID pandemic, to believe in COVID conspiracy theories, and to disapprove of COVID protective measures, while religiosity is associated with an above-average willingness to comply with such measures. The results also show that belief in paranormal phenomena and spiritual practice are to some extent associated with different ways of viewing and responding to the pandemic. Belief in COVID conspiracy theories and disapproval of COVID protective measures among respondents with paranormal beliefs are largely due to their general scepticism about science and associated with a convergence towards right-wing authoritarian political orientations. The objections of spiritual practitioners to COVID safeguards appear to be motivated by specific health concerns rather than general scepticism about science and spiritual practitioners are less susceptible to right-wing orientations, even when they disapprove of the safeguards.},
  author = {Höllinger, Franz},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1080/13537903.2025.2576416},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {13537903},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The impact of paranormal belief, spiritual practice, and religiosity on attitudes to the COVID pandemic: empirical findings from Austria},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2025.2576416},
  year = 2025
}

@article{eisenkraft2025entrepreneurial,
  abstract = {Recent trends of democratic backsliding in post-communist Central European states have led scholars to look for structural and agent based economic explanations for the causes of said backsliding as well as how to promote democratic liberalism within said societies. Often agent-based explanations go hand in hand with structural inequalities in the long-term historical development of certain sectors and regions of the Visegrad Four states where anomie at the level of individual agents, resulting from limited economic opportunities, leaves them susceptible to radicalization. In this article, I test the extent to which entrepreneurship plays a role in both the support for democratization and liberal norms within the Visegrad Four states by analysing the relationship between entrepreneurship and the political values of the self-employed. Doing so, I argue that both entrepreneurial culture and shifting incentive structures have led self-employed individuals in Visegrad Four states experiencing democratic backsliding in the wake of the 2015 refugee crisis to be more supportive of liberal democracy than other groups. I contend that support for a given regime type among the self-employed is more elastic to fluctuating contexts and is determined by the interactions between entrepreneurial culture, perceived material interests, and the regime-type under which they reside.},
  author = {Eisenkraft, Samuel},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897 ; 10.4232/1.10188},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2025.2466185},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA4800 v2.0.0},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1329-1356},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; EVS2008},
  title = {Entrepreneurial attitudes as a counterweight to democratic backsliding: self-employment and support for liberal democracy in the Visegrad Four},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2025.2466185},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{wang2023confidence,
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Wang, Shun},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_522},
  editor = {Maggino, Filomena},
  isbn = {9783031172991},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1309-1312},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  refid = {Wang2023},
  title = {Confidence in Institutions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_522},
  year = 2023
}

@article{yaylaci2025heterogeneous,
  abstract = {How do civil wars affect social trust? I argue that civil wars undermine different types of trust depending on whether they are bound by geography or by a specific group identity. The broader the scope of violence across these dimensions, the more likely it is that the war will undermine generalized trust, meaning trust in unknown others. The narrower the scope of war violence in terms of geography and group focus and thus the more restricted the violence is, the more likely it is that the war will undermine outgroup trust. I use original qualitative data from the cases of the Kurdish insurgency in Turkey—a restricted war—and the Maoist insurgency in Peru—an unrestricted war—to develop and support my theory and cross-national quantitative data to test parts of the theory.},
  author = {Yaylacı, Şule},
  doi = {10.1080/09636412.2025.2501992},
  issn = {09636412},
  journal = {Security Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {527-563},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Heterogeneous Effects of Civil Wars on Social Trust},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2025.2501992},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2025
}

@article{baranski2025exclusionary,
  abstract = {Primates are known to engage in exclusionary behavior, forming alliances to block a minority from accessing scarce resources. Humans are no exception, and examples of exclusionary behavior abound in political, business, and social settings. However, despite its socio-economic relevance, little is known about the prevalence and determinants of such behavior worldwide. Conducting an experimental game in which a group divides resources by majority rule, we document considerable global heterogeneity in exclusionary behavior. Whereas exclusion is modal in some countries, inclusive behavior is the norm in others. Despite significant cross-country variability, we nevertheless find that individual-level characteristics matter similarly across contexts. Men, individuals with a deliberative reasoning style, and ideologically right-leaning individuals, are consistently and substantially more exclusionary. Cross-country differences in the formation of exclusionary alliances correlate with an original Hierarchy Tolerance Index, derived from variables measuring cultural acceptance of power inequalities. Our findings carry important implications for decision-making bodies, as they indicate that the identity of decision-makers and the culture in which they are embedded can affect how equitably resources are divided.},
  author = {Baranski, Andrzej and Haas, Nicholas},
  doi = {10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae553},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {2752-6542},
  journal = {PNAS Nexus},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021},
  title = {Exclusionary bargaining behavior in 14 countries: Prevalence and predictors},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae553},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2025
}

@article{gabrielsson2025national,
  abstract = {This article explores the social mechanisms connecting national identity and support for democracy. Our investigation centers on the mediating role of civic beliefs and participation, employing data sourced from the European Value Survey (EVS 2017), which encompasses a total of 36 countries. First, our findings reveal a positive effect of voluntary (civic) national identity and support for democracy and a negative effect of non-voluntary (ethnic) national identity on support for democracy. Second, mediation analysis shows that individuals with higher levels of voluntary national identity exhibit stronger civic beliefs and participation, contributing to pro-democracy attitudes. In contrast, we find that non-voluntary national identity is inversely associated with civic beliefs and participation, largely explaining the negative effect on support for democracy. Although the mediators do not entirely account for the relationship between national identity and pro-democracy attitudes, they are important in shaping the relationship.},
  author = {Gabrielsson, Daniel and Hjerm, Mikael and Eger, Maureen A.},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152251389091},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-22},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {National identity, support for democracy, and the mediating role of civic beliefs and participation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152251389091},
  year = 2025
}

@article{euste2025timeresolved,
  abstract = {We demonstrate a method for deriving pairs of time-resolved two-dimensional [vertical traditional (bottom) - rational axis vs. horizontal survival (left) – self-expression axis] culture maps from the Integrated Values Survey data (IVS) which is an integration of the World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Survey data. The IVS is composed of seven survey waves (average duration: 5.43 years) that were successively sampled from 1981 (start of Survey Wave 1) to 2022 (end of Wave 7). A pair consisting of a cross-country map and a survey respondent-level map is extracted from each wave via principal component analysis (PCA). In the cross-country map, countries are represented as points, while in the respondent-level map of a country, the survey respondents are depicted as points distributed about a mean location. The coefficient matrix from the country-level PCA is utilized to derive the respondent-level map. The cross-country map reveals the cultural variations of the participating countries while the respondent-level map of a country shows the variations of its national population as represented by the randomly selected respondents. The information content of each map is unique and complementary. We derived the connection between the mean location of the respondent distribution of a country and its corresponding location in the cross-country map. Tracking the temporal movements of country locations from 1981 to 2022 in the cross-country maps revealed that countries have generally moved towards the self-expression direction. We calculated the associated standard deviational ellipse (SDE) of the respondent distribution and used the SDE area as a measure of the degree of intra-national cultural diversity. We have observed that countries with lower degrees of cultural diversity (i.e., smaller SDE areas) placed greater emphasis on traditional and survival values. The capability to measure accurately the temporal evolution of national cultures allows peoples to understand each other better thereby avoiding costly conflicts between nationalities and countries.},
  author = {Euste, John Lawrence and Arjonillo, Hannah Christina and Saloma, Caesar},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2024.130317},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {03784371},
  journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Time-resolved culture maps derived from the Integrated Values Survey data (1981–2022)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2024.130317},
  volume = 659,
  year = 2025
}

@article{grzebalska2025between,
  abstract = {Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Visegrad Group (V4) began shifting defense policy toward the comprehensive approach involving the state and society alongside the military. Extensively analyzed in security studies, this shift is less discussed in military and society research. Interrogating mixed data through the exploratory concept of “societal relationship with defense,” the paper provides the first comparative analysis of how V4 societies engage with these new defense demands. It argues, first, that the whole-of-society approach is challenged by social trends of declining willingness to defend the state, low defense engagement, and shaky defense consensus. Second, that V4 exhibits significant variance in societal relationship with defense, represented by the “ideal types” of Polish citizen-soldiers, Czech civilian hawks, Slovak anomic pacifists, and Hungarian freedom fighters. Highlighting the importance of studying societal underpinnings of comprehensive defense, the paper also makes a case for a conceptual shift from society-military to society-defense relations.},
  author = {Grzebalska, Weronika and Kosnáč, Pavol},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1177/0095327X251364755},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {0095327X},
  journal = {Armed Forces & Society},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-27},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Between Citizen-Soldiers and Anomic Pacifists: Varieties of Society-Defense Relations in the Visegrad Group},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X251364755},
  year = 2025
}

@article{nikodem2024socijalna,
  abstract = {In the theoretical regard, this paper is based on various approaches that assume the conceptual multidimensionality of social cohesion. There are generally three dimensions of social cohesion: the socio-cultural, the economic, and the political one. In the empirical sense, this paper rests on the results of the third, the fourth and the fifth waves of the European Values Study for the Republic of Croatia (1999/2000; 2008/2009; and 2017/2018). The surveys were conducted on representative samples of the adult population (N=1003; 1498; and 1477). The sociocultural dimension of social cohesion in this paper conceptually encompasses trust, the sense of belonging and participation in voluntary organizations, and solidarity. It consists of 37 indicators. The political dimension includes interest in politics and the importance of politics in life, different forms of political actions, political orientations, following politics in the media, and satisfaction with the democratic development and way of governance in Croatia. It consists of 12 indicators. The economic dimension includes the importance of work in life, and attitudes regarding work. It consists of 6 indicators. Following the analysis conducted on the basic level of the comparison of the distribution of percentages relating to each of the indicators, the aforementioned dimensions of social cohesion were constructed as indexes. In follow-up, they are further analysed with regard to three sets of predictors. The predictor sets include basic socio-demographic characteristics (7 indicators), religiosity in broader sense (14 indicators), and morality (15 indicators). The results have shown that for the socio-cultural and the economic dimensions of social cohesion, important predictors are the age of the respondents and their attitudes regarding the public role of the Church, whereas for the political dimension, the essential predictor is the level of the respondents’ education.},
  author = {Nikodem, Krunoslav and Karajić, Nenrad},
  doi = {10.21857/ypn4oc4or9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  journal = {Radovi Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad u Bjelovaru},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {113-156},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Socijalna kohezija u Hrvatskoj. Analiza osnovnih dimenzija socijalne kohezije 1999. – 2018. godine},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21857/ypn4oc4or9},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2024
}

@article{coron2024questioning,
  abstract = {The concept of a ‘feminine managerial behavior’, which implies that women in managerial positions behave differently to men in similar positions by exhibiting a more supportive management style, is both widespread and controversial. To gain new insight into the debate, this study looks at the role national gender ideology plays in structuring the relationship between sex and perceived managerial support. Based on a representative sample of 22,391 employees from 26 European countries, our findings reveal that, on average, perceived managerial support is higher when supervisors are women. However, if we control for the moderating role of national gender ideology, this difference disappears. Therefore, this article contributes to the nature/nurture debate by showing that gender differences in perceived managerial support stem primarily from persistent gender stereotypes.},
  author = {Coron, Clotilde},
  doi = {10.37725/mgmt.2024.8864},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1286-4692},
  journal = {M@n@gement},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-46},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Questioning ‘Feminine Managerial Behavior’ – A European Study Considering Gender Ideology},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.37725/mgmt.2024.8864},
  year = 2024
}

@article{gunjan2024comparative,
  abstract = {The Death Penalty has been a mode of punishment since time immemorial. The arguments for and against have not changed much over the years. Crimes as well as the mode of punishment correlate to the culture and form of civilization from which they emerge. The problem of crime and punishment has bothered the human minds for a long time. By nature, every crime should be punished appropriately. Following this, each country has created a special set of laws which define the type of punishment for various crimes. These laws are enacted together with the other laws to form the country’s constitution. Death penalty has been practiced in some countries as a punishment for certain crimes and circumstances. This paper focuses on the analysis in supporting and opposing the death penalty sentence as a measure to curb crime in some countries. However, with death penalty still effective and being practiced in some countries, there are other countries with the religious believe that no man is justified to take the life of another.},
  author = {Gunjan, D.},
  doi = {10.10000/IJLMH.117736},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  journal = {International Journal of Law Management & Humanities},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {3084-3098},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Comparative Study of Death Sentence Laws in India and Other Nations},
  url = {https://doij.org/10.10000/IJLMH.117736},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2024
}

@techreport{murtin2024nowcasting,
  abstract = {This paper applies Machine learning techniques to Google Trends data to provide real-time estimates of national average subjective well-being among 38 OECD countries since 2010. We make extensive usage of large custom micro databases to enhance the training of models on carefully pre-processed Google Trends data. We find that the best one-year-ahead prediction is obtained from a meta-learner that combines the predictions drawn from an Elastic Net with and without interactions, from a Gradient-Boosted Tree and from a Multi-layer Perceptron. As a result, across 38 countries over the 2010-2020 period, the out-of-sample prediction of average subjective well-being reaches an R2 of 0.830.},
  address = {Paris},
  author = {Murtin, F. and Salomon-Ermel, M.},
  doi = {10.1787/cbdfb5d9-en},
  institution = {OECD},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 27,
  publisher = {OECD Publishing},
  series = {OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Nowcasting subjective well-being with Google Trends: A meta-learning approach},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1787/cbdfb5d9-en},
  year = 2024
}

@article{graafland2025biedt,
  abstract = {This article examines the relationship between faith and happiness in times of crisis. A review of empirical literature indicates that religion reduces the negative effect of various types of crisis (death of relatives, natural disasters, or unemployment) on happiness. This is not only due to enforcement of social networks, but also to cognitive and motivational dimensions of religions. This article presents additional empirical analyses using data from the integrated World Values Survey and European Values Survey supporting that various aspects of religion reduce the negative effects of unemployment, the death of a spouse, or divorce on a person’s happiness. Tests on the effects of religion on feelings of restlessness, loneliness, depression and meaningless of life, show that particularly participation in religious meetings and membership of protestant churches reduce these negative feelings that often go together with crisis. These results apply to worldwide data and data of the Netherlands only. The findings are further supported and illustrated by ten interviews. Almost all interviewees agreed that their faith provided support in difficult circumstances, particularly in case of illness or early death of relatives.},
  author = {Graafland, Johan},
  doi = {10.5117/RADIX.2025.1.005.GRAA},
  issn = {3050-9947},
  journal = {Radix},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 1,
  pages = {44-57},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Biedt het geloof steun in tijden van crisis? Uitkomsten van geluksonderzoek},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5117/RADIX.2025.1.005.GRAA},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{gillissen2024securing,
  abstract = {Confronted with high and growing inequality, causing increasing dissonance between European citizens and their political institutions, how can democracies ensure that their citizens believe that their political institutions are reliable and responsive? These questions lie at the heart of this report, which is written within the framework of a larger European research consortium, INVOLVE (funded by Horizon Europe, 2023-2026). This report concludes that there is a significant decline in engagement with democratic institutions, notably in voting behavior. Contrary to this trend, non-electoral participation and political trust do not exhibit a comparable downward trajectory. Furthermore, the results link lower levels of political trust and participation to social policy interventions, but only to a limited extend. Finally, increasing disparities in disposable income and wealth undermine political trust and participation across Europe.},
  address = {Leuven},
  author = {Gillissen, Matthijs and Goubin, Silke and Ruelens, Anna},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500 ; ZA2150 ; ZA2900 ; ZA3190 ; ZA4700 ; ZA4950 ; ZA6900 ; ZA7570},
  institution = {HIVA-KU Leuven},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {3.1},
  series = {Report},
  study = {Eurobarometer},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017 ; ISSP1991 ; ISSP1996 ; ISSP1998 ; ISSP2006 ; ISSP2008 ; ISSP2016 ; ISSP2018},
  title = {Securing the welfare of the people to foster democratic engagement? A longitudinal analysis on the impact of economic inequality and social welfare policies on political trust and participation in Europe},
  url = {https://kuleuven.limo.libis.be/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=lirias4152247&context=SearchWebhook&vid=32KUL_KUL:Lirias&lang=en&search_scope=lirias_profile&adaptor=SearchWebhook&tab=LIRIAS&query=any,contains,LIRIAS4152247&offset=0},
  year = 2024
}

@article{velev2025vannak,
  abstract = {We do not have accurate data on how many Gypsy women live in Hungary today, in what groups and environments. The majority society often holds a collective image of them, but just as we cannot speak of a homogeneous Gypsy community, we cannot speak of homogeneous female roles either. During my empirical research in Dombpuszta, which is part of the FETE programme, I examined the roles of women living in the local Gypsy segregated community, through life-course interviews. Based on my experience, Gypsy women face multiple levels of social oppression and are often left to deal with their problems alone. According to my findings, Gypsy women living there often take on traditional male roles in addition to their female and maternal roles, due to the absence of men. This results in a role conflict that is transmitted across generations, similar to learned helplessness, which I examined in greater depth by analyzing mother-daughter relationships. My surprising finding is that community members follow their traditions, they do not always recognise their true significance.},
  author = {Velev, Dóra},
  doi = {10.56699/MT.2025.3.6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  issn = {26769468},
  journal = {Máltai Tanulmányok: A Magyar Máltai Szeretetszolgálat},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 3,
  pages = {105-122},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {„Hol vannak a férfiak?”–Női szerepkörök egy roma szegregátumban („Where Are the Men?”: Women’s Roles in a Gypsy Segregation)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.56699/MT.2025.3.6},
  volume = 7,
  year = 2025
}

@article{castro2024environmental,
  abstract = {The choice between protecting the environment and accelerating economic growth is conditioned by factors pertaining to individual and to political and economic dimensions. This study aims to investigate how those factors influence the preference for environmental protection rather than for economic growth. The findings obtained suggest that a favourable political and economic environment increases the chance of choosing environmental protection. The populations of countries with a higher GDP per capita and a well-established democratic regime are more likely to protect the environment. Likewise, women, young people and more educated people are the demographic groups most likely to choose environmental protection.},
  author = {Castro, Andressa Porto and Mattos, Ely José de},
  doi = {10.1002/jid.3953},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {1099-1328},
  journal = {Journal of International Development},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {87-106},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Environmental protection versus economic growth: Determinants of individual preference},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3953},
  volume = 37,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{brink2016hardening,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Brink, Gabriël van den},
  booktitle = {Moral Sentiments in Modern Society: A New Answer to Classical Questions},
  editor = {Brink, Gabriël van den},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804},
  isbn = {978-90-8964-775-7},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {135-160},
  publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {The hardening of the social climate},
  year = 2016
}

@article{magniberton2025electoral,
  abstract = {Previous research shows that elected governments primarily follow the preferences of high-income citizens, but the reasons for this remain controversial. In the present paper, we introduce a new synthetic measure of electoral plutocracy, i.e. the relative electoral weight of the rich compared to the poor for a given government in a parliamentary regime. The index takes into account three sources of electoral distortion that may favor the rich: (i) the conversion of persons into votes (turnout), (ii) the conversion of votes into seats (representation), (iii) the conversion of seats into government portfolios (coalition). Using survey data on parliamentary democracies since the late 1990s, we show that, on average, a person above the median income is electorally worth 1.16 times a person below the median income (and a person from the 10th decile is electorally worth 1.48 times a person from the 1st decile). This is mainly explained by higher turnout and higher participation in governing coalitions of parties supported electorally by the rich. Finally, we illustrate the interest of our index by re-testing the Meltzer–Richard hypothesis on the link between income inequality and redistribution. We show that the positive effect of inequality on redistribution is moderated by the level of electoral plutocracy.},
  author = {Magni-Berton, Raul and Varaine, Simon},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2025.102713},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {0176-2680},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-15},
  study = {CSES},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Electoral plutocracy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2025.102713},
  year = 2025
}

@article{silvestrecabrera2024attitudes,
  abstract = {The aim of the article is to determine which countries show the most homophobic attitudes and understand the profile of homophobia in Europe. This article analyses data from the survey “European Values Study” and focuses on three of its questions: “Do you think homosexual people can be good parents”; “the degree of justification of homosexuality”, and “the attitude towards the possibility of having a homosexual neighbour”. For this, we have used a quantitative methodology (mean comparison analysis and multiple correspondences. The sample consists of 56,451 people from 34 European countries. One of the main conclusions is that homophobic attitudes are highest in the eastern countries, former Soviet republics, and, on the contrary, residents in Nordic countries have more inclusive attitudes.},
  author = {Silvestre Cabrera, María and Royo Prieto, Raquel and Aristegui Fradua, Iratxe},
  doi = {10.3390/sexes5020011},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {2411-5118},
  journal = {Sexes},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {148-162},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Attitudes towards Homosexuality in Europe: Analysis of the European Values Study},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020011},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2024
}

@article{westlake2025puzzling,
  abstract = {Over the first two decades of the twenty-first century, multiculturalism has come under fire from champions of civic integration and far right-wing populists. Despite this, multiculturalism policies persist, in many cases increasing in frequency and strength. How might we make sense of this puzzling outcome? We weigh the merits of explanations based on (i) public attitudes, (ii) political parties and electoral politics, and (iii) institutions. Drawing on public opinion data, expert survey data for party positions, and case study analyses, we argue that multiculturalism policies survive when they are protected by institutional actors and norms supportive of them and by either de-politicization within the party system or a refusal of mainstream parties to co-opt the anti-multicultural views of the far-right.},
  author = {Westlake, Daniel and Banting, Keith and Triadafilopoulos, Triadafilos},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736 ; 10.4232/1.11449 ; 10.4232/1.12312},
  doi = {10.1080/1369183X.2025.2484334},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0 ; ZA3910 v2.1.0 ; ZA5950 v2.0.0},
  issn = {1369183X},
  journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 11,
  pages = {2812-2832},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017 ; ISSP2003 ; ISSp2013},
  title = {The puzzling persistence of multiculturalism policies in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2025.2484334},
  volume = 51,
  year = 2025
}

@article{guo2025impact,
  abstract = {Social engagement, including participation in voluntary organizations, is vital for healthy aging. This study investigated the impact of the global pandemic on the participation of older adults aged 60 years and above in 10 types of voluntary organizations. Utilizing detailed COVID-19 data from the World Health Organization and the Integrated Values Surveys across 9 countries that collected data on voluntary organization participation before and during the pandemic, this study employed Difference-in-Difference models to estimate the pandemic’s effect on the likelihood of older adults participating in voluntary services. The findings revealed a significant reduction in the likelihood (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.46 ~ 0.65) and average number (β = -0.81, 95% CI: -0.98 ~ -0.64; IRR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67 ~ 0.78) of voluntary organizations older adults participated in. These effects persisted across age and gender groups as well as various types of voluntary organizations. The study underscores the importance of addressing the pandemic’s adverse impact on older adults’ social participation in order to promote the active and healthy aging of the population.},
  author = {Guo, Chao and Zhu, Xiaohan and Yang, Peisen and Du, Yushan and Wang, Mingxing and Li, Wang and Mu, Yuhan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1080/08959420.2025.2523136},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {08959420},
  journal = {Journal of Aging & Social Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017},
  title = {Impact of Pandemic Shocks on Participation in Voluntary Organizations Among Older Adults in Nine Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2025.2523136},
  year = 2025
}

@article{omarsdottir2025special,
  author = {Ómarsdóttir, Silja Bára and Field, Luke},
  doi = {10.1080/07907184.2024.2448056},
  issn = {07907184},
  journal = {Irish Political Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-5},
  study-id = {ZA7503},
  title = {Special issue: contemporary abortion politics across the island of Ireland},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2024.2448056},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{nagy2025volunteering,
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Nagy, Ádám and Gerő, Márton},
  booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Civil Society},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_9653-1},
  editor = {List, Regina A. and Anheier, Helmut K. and Toepler, Stefan},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  isbn = {9783319996752},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-11},
  publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Volunteering in Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_9653-1},
  year = 2025
}

@article{haute2025syndicats,
  abstract = {On Tuesday, December 2, the CGT, FSU, and Solidaires unions are calling for demonstrations and strikes to oppose the proposed 2026 budget. This provides an opportunity to revisit the French people's perception of trade unions. Contrary to popular belief, they generally trust unions to defend their interests.},
  author = {Haute, Tristan},
  doi = {10.64628/AAK.qsmpjfkgc},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4438 ; ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {The Conversation},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  pages = {1-5},
  study-id = {EVS1981 ; EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Les syndicats sont-ils vraiment en crise ?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.64628/AAK.qsmpjfkgc},
  year = 2025
}

@article{kuvacic2024analysis,
  abstract = {The goal of this study was to investigate how the communication within the family influences the shopping behavior of young respondents, i.e., consumers. To achieve this goal, a survey was conducted on a purposive sample of 120 young respondents aged 18 to 28 years. The research results showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between communication about purchasing within the family and young respondents' shopping with their family members, as well as between communication within the family before purchasing and the respect for the opinions of family members during the purchase process of young respondents. Additional analysis of respondents by gender revealed a statistically significant difference in shopping with family members between female and male respondents. Female respondents much more frequently go shopping with their family members.},
  author = {Kuvačić, Dalija and Sviličić, Nikša and Obradović, Tajana},
  doi = {10.5671/ca.48.1.2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  issn = {03506134},
  journal = {Collegium antropologicum},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {9-16},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Analysis of the Impact of Family Communication on Shopping Behaviour of Young Customers},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5671/ca.48.1.2},
  volume = 48,
  year = 2024
}

@book{maineri2022cookies,
  abstract = {In the thesis I apply Beck's Risk Society perspective to the study of datafication. Results of four empirical studies show how some elements of the reflexive modernization theory do not pass the empirical test. First, a country's level of digitalization does not deepen knowledge-based stratification mechanisms. Second, individuals' trust in data institutions does not drop when the pitfalls of datafication become visible, challenging the `worked-and-won' dynamic of trust in the risk society. Nevertheless, I also show how the Risk Society perspective is beneficial to better understand some aspects of the datafication processes, as findings indicate the success of organized irresponsibility dynamics, as well as the important role of knowledge as a risk stratification mechanism at the individual level.},
  address = {Tilburg},
  author = {Maineri, Angelica M.},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13560},
  doi = {10.26116/et28-vc69},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Open Press Tilburg University},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Do You Want Cookies? Trust dynamics and educational gaps in the datafied risk society},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26116/et28-vc69},
  year = 2022
}

@phdthesis{rubenhyden2023democracies,
  abstract = {What decides whether a person prefers democracy or autocracy? Can the preference be narrowed down to one single influencing factor, or is it instead a combination of several phenomena that determines it? In order to understand the shifts in autocratic tendencies globally from a macro perspective, it is crucial to study the micro perspective behind it: individuals. This essay builds on previous research regarding citizens’ preference for different regime types to map out further why some people prefer autocracy over democracy. Previous research has found that economic and political aspects affect citizens’ preference for autocracy, and this essay takes those findings one step further. By using the insider-outsider framework and combining different influential aspects, the essay tests whether being an outsider positively affects citizens’ preference for autocracy. The essay aims to test a theoretical framework in a new context to see if it is applicable and whether being an outsider affects citizens’ preference for autocracy. In a statistical analysis, the effect of the independent variable outsider is tested on two different dependent variables. Both dependent variables represent preference for autocracy but are operationalised in different ways. The analyses show a result opposite the one hypothesised, and the results are further discussed in the essay’s concluding sections. Even though the result of the analysis did not turn out as expected, it opened up further questions and possible future research.},
  address = {Gothenburg},
  author = {Ruben Hydén, Petronella},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {University of Gothenburg},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Democracies without Democrats: A quantitative study of citizens’ preferences for autocratic regimes},
  type = {Bachelor's Thesis},
  url = {https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/79349},
  year = 2023
}

@article{fraenkel2025ethnic,
  abstract = {Comparative studies of the influence of identity-based cleavages on conflict, GDP per capita or democratic quality usually depend upon some form of measurement of ethnic divisions. The index of fractionalization is the most frequently used method, but this reports group demographic sizes rather than the extent of politicization of cleavages. For this paper, we assembled a dataset covering 132 countries that draws on individual-level survey data cross-tabulating ethnic, religious or linguistic identity with party affiliation. We use a Gallagher disproportionality index to measure the degree of ethnicization of party systems. We find that communal identity exerts a stronger influence over political allegiances in the competitive party systems of Africa, the Middle East, North America and Eastern Europe than it does in Western Europe, Asia and Latin America; that most of the world’s highly diverse polities do not have strongly ethnicized party systems; and that country party ethnicization is negatively correlated with cross-cutting cleavages.},
  author = {Fraenkel, Jon and Crawley, Sam},
  doi = {10.1080/17449057.2025.2516905},
  issn = {17449057},
  journal = {Ethnopolitics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-23},
  study = {EVS ; CSES},
  title = {Does Ethnic Fractionalization Lead to Polarization? Introducing a new Dataset on Communal Party Affiliations},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2025.2516905},
  year = 2025
}

@article{kulic2025comprehensive,
  abstract = {The article describes the content, the methodology and the selected results deriving from a large-scale cross-sectional IneqPer survey in Italy (n=12000, 2024/2025) aimed at understanding the determinants of inequality perceptions and their consequences for public opinion. The dataset offers novel dimensions that include the questions on global inequality and global redistribution, individual position in global distribution, the perceived social mobility in the society, perceived gender inequality and perceptions of discrimination against immigrants, among others. Moreover, for a number of questions, it offers a possibility of cross-validation with a range of recent datasets including European Social Survey (ESS10) from 2020, European Value Study (2017) as a part of Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022 dataset, and the International Social Survey Programme (2019). The first results show that Italians indeed recognize inequality along all dimensions (e.g. socio-economic inequality, gender inequality and inequality between migrants and natives), yet they do not strongly perceive themselves as personally affected by discrimination. Moreover, although cross-validation checks reveal a strong alignment between IneqPer data and other international value surveys, respondents in the IneqPer dataset tend to express slightly more progressive views.},
  author = {Kulic, Nevena and Griaznova, Olga and Clerici, Eleonora and Bellani, Daniela and Mantovani, Debora and Vergolini, Loris and Scervini, Francesco},
  doi = {10.3389/fsoc.2025.1620096},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA7600},
  journal = {Frontiers in Sociology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {englilsh},
  pages = {1-17},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2019},
  title = {A Comprehensive Overview of a Large-Scale Survey on Inequality Perceptions (IneqPer) in Italy},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1620096},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2025
}

@article{bertolini2025lavoro,
  abstract = { The article explores the debate on the importance of work in the lives of individuals, focusing particularly on young people and their attitudes toward work, which are often labeled by the media as disengagement or rejection. The phenomenon of voluntary resignations is frequently associated with this generation: the goal of the analysis is to understand their work expectations through an approach based on both quantitative and qualitative data. The study uses a survey conducted in Italy and data from the European Value Study (EVS) to outline the evolution of the meaning attributed to work over time. The qualitative part, based on interviews with a sample of young people aged between 18 and 34 carried out in 2024, delves into the reasons for the change, revealing not a refusal of work, but the emergence of new values and new ways of transitioning towards adult life. },
  author = {Bertolini, Sonia and Gobbino, Elena},
  doi = {10.3280/SL2025-171005},
  issn = {1972554X},
  journal = {SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 171,
  pages = {102-122},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Lavoro 2.0: come i giovani ridefiniscono il significato del lavoro oggi},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3280/SL2025-171005 },
  year = 2025
}

@article{stolz2025three,
  abstract = {Religiosity tends to decline across generations. However, religious decline is more pronounced in some countries and the diminishing aspects of religion vary by context. To explain such variation, we extend the general secular transition model, which proposes that countries undergo a similar process of secularization beginning at different points in time. We explain that secular transition happens in three steps: first, public ritual participation declines; second, the importance of religion to individuals declines; and third, people shed religious affiliation. We test this model using datasets from surveys in 111 countries (Pew Research Center), 58 countries (World Values Survey and European Values Study (WVS/EVS)), and a subset of 17 countries measured in at least five WVS/EVS waves. We show the model fits countries with Christian, Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist pluralities. While Eastern post-Soviet countries deviate from this pattern, traditionally Muslim countries appear to follow its early stages. However, we recommend caution in interpreting longitudinal claims, due to limited data.},
  author = {Stolz, Jörg and de Graaf, Nan Dirk and Hackett, Conrad and Antonietti, Jean-Philippe},
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-62452-z},
  issn = {20411723},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-17},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The three stages of religious decline around the world},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62452-z},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{ingen2016changes,
  address = {Amsterdam},
  author = {Ingen, Erik van and Halman, Loek and Dekker, Paul},
  booktitle = {Moral Sentiments in Modern Society: A New Answer to Classical Questions},
  editor = {Brink, Gabriël van den},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811},
  isbn = {978-90-8964-775-7},
  keywords = {2016 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {193-220},
  publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
  study-id = {EVS1999},
  title = {Changes in norms and values},
  year = 2016
}

@book{welzel2025water,
  abstract = {This open access book unravels the geo-climatic source of the West’s emancipatory struggles and why the spirit of these struggles is about to spread around the world beyond its original geo-climatic root—which we describe as the Cool Water (CW-) Condition: that is, the combination of mostly cool seasons with steady rain in coastal proximity. What is so special about the CW-Condition? In a nutshell, the CW-Condition makes water and its derivative resources (i.e., land usable for hunting, fishery, forestry, crop cultivation and cattle herding) so diffuse that any emerging economy only functions with decentral management of water, land and labor. Decentral management infuses local autonomies into the social fabric, so much that evolving forms of social organization—be it family households, religious orders, business corporations or civic associations—mature under self-governance. Experience in self-governance equips social groups with two essential skills: resource mobilization and coalition building. In combination, these skills generate the power to organize grassroots resistance against top-down impositions, such as over-taxation and related forms of resource extraction. As a consequence, the state-building process begins slowly and proceeds as a conflictual affair between rulers’ authority ambitions and bottom-up opposition. This conflict steers state formation towards contractual institutional arrangements in which elected assemblies check the executive power of central rulers. Under these checks, government action navigates towards an indiscriminate pursuit of the common good.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Welzel, Christian and Kruse, Stefan and Brunkert, Lennart and Brieger, Steven A.},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-81861-5},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {The Cool Water Effect: The Geo-Climatic Source of Western Exceptionalism  },
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81861-5},
  year = 2025
}

@article{antonietti2025digital,
  abstract = {In this paper, we examine the effect of regional digital technology (including computing, communication equipment, software, and databases) on income distribution at the regional level. We aim to fill a gap in existing research by exploring the moderating role of formal and informal institutions —such as bonding and bridging social capital— in shaping how digital technology affects income inequality across European NUTS2 regions from 2006 to 2016. The results indicate that regions with greater access to digital technology are prone to higher levels of income inequality. However, this negative link is mitigated by strong formal and informal institutions, particularly through improved government effectiveness and bridging social capital. The findings are robust to potential endogeneity concerns, as demonstrated by the instrumental variable approach adopted.},
  author = {Antonietti, Roberto and Burlina, Chiara and Rodriguez-Pose, Andrés},
  doi = {10.1016/j.pirs.2025.100079},
  issn = {1056-8190},
  journal = {Papers in Regional Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-14},
  study = {EVS ; EU-SILC},
  title = {Digital technology and regional income inequality: are better institutions the solution?},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pirs.2025.100079},
  volume = 104,
  year = 2025
}

@article{zheng2025patterns,
  abstract = {Existing literature remains limited regarding the various associations between social trust and subjective well-being across different time-based cultural norms. To address this gap, this study examines the moderating role of societal long-term versus short-term orientation in the individual -level relationships between individuals’ subjective well-being and interpersonal trust (i.e. particularized and generalized trust). Multilevel models are conducted using a sample of 120,682 individuals across 80 societies, based on the joint European Values Study and World Values Survey dataset. The results indicate that both types of interpersonal trust show positive correlations with subjective well-being across societies. In societies with more long-term orientation, both forms of interpersonal trust exhibit a stronger and positive correlation with subjective well-being. In contrast, in short-term orientation societies, both forms of interpersonal trust show a weaker yet still positive correlation with well-being. These findings underscore the importance of societal time orientations in shaping the relationship between interpersonal trust and well-being.},
  author = {Zheng, Jiansong and Zhang, Tao},
  doi = {10.1186/s40359-025-03048-6},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {20507283},
  journal = {BMC Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-9},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Patterns of trust and subjective well-being across societies: the role of long-term versus short-term orientation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03048-6},
  volume = 13,
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{lavecchia2014essays,
  abstract = {Social capital is an incredibly popular research topic in the social sciences. Much have been said and many studies have been drafted, and yet the subject still seems to require refinement in terms of concept, empirical measures and theoretical framework. For this reason, in this thesis we have first summarized the existing literature on the definition and measurement of social capital. Then, we have proposed a Principal component analysis (PCA) to derive new measures of social capital and considered their distribution across space and time. Finally, we have considered the role of social capital in spurring economic growth at regional level in Europe.},
  address = {Palermo},
  author = {Lavecchia, Luciano},
  keywords = {2014 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Universitá degli Studi di Palermo},
  title = {Essays on social capital and space},
  type = {PhD},
  url = {https://iris.unipa.it/retrieve/handle/10447/91039/99339/Tesi_Lavecchia.pdf},
  year = 2014
}

@inproceedings{akaliyski2023global,
  abstract = {Gender equality attitudes are vital for societal development and well-being. While progress has been celebrated, our analysis addresses two crucially neglected factors in previous research: the overrepresentation of Western societies and global demographic shifts favoring non-Western societies. Utilizing data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study spanning 1991 to 2022 across 100+ countries (representing up to 90 percent of the global population), we question whether increased global living standards have translated into improved gender equality attitudes. Our findings reveal a stark divergence in attitudes between Western and non-Western societies. This divergence not only challenges the notion of uniform global progress in gender equality but also highlights a disconcerting trend: the world population as a whole has failed to significantly increase its support for gender equality over the last three decades. We attribute this concerning trend to demographic patterns; countries with low gender equality support exhibit higher fertility rates and younger average ages of childbirth, perpetuating low support for gender equality. Moreover, within countries, women with low gender equality support often have higher fertility rates and younger ages of birth, thus slowing national-level changes. We conclude with implications for policy-makers and call for a closer examination of demographic influences in understanding global gender equality attitudes.},
  address = {Hong Kong},
  author = {Akaliyski, Palmen},
  booktitle = {Hong Kong Sociological Association 24th Annual Conference: Population Changes and Social Inequalities},
  eventdate = {02.12.2023},
  eventtitle = {24th Annual Conference: Population Changes and Social Inequalities},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english inproceedings},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Chinese University of Hong Kong},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Global Trends in Gender Equality Attitudes: A Demographic Perspective},
  venue = {Esther Lee Building},
  year = 2023
}

@article{albaek2025importance,
  abstract = {Aim: This study investigates the role of trust in others with respect to mortality and economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subject and methods: The study analyses data among 42 European countries on mortality up to 30 April 2021. The study proposes a model in which trust affects COVID-19 mortality through two channels: (1) income per capita, which is associated with traits of society that are important for mortality, and (2) compliance with advice from experts and authorities. Results: The main result is that an increase in trust by one standard deviation corresponds to a reduction in the COVID-19 death rate by 43%. One standard deviation corresponds to the difference in trust between, for example, the United Kingdom and Switzerland or the Netherlands. The results show that compliance accounts for 60–90% of the total impact of trust on mortality, while the impact of trust through income per capita accounts for the rest. Epidemics are likely to reduce contact with others, including contact where economic activity takes place. The study estimates that 1000 COVID-19 deaths per million inhabitants resulted in a decrease in gross domestic product of 4.4% in European countries. For the UK, for example, this amounts to about 1.4 million GBP for each avoided COVID-19 death. Conclusion: The level of trust was an important determinant for mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries, and the major part of the impact can be attributed to compliance.},
  author = {Albæk, Karsten},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1007/s10389-025-02413-4},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v3.0.0},
  issn = {16132238},
  journal = {Journal of Public Health},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-16},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {The importance of generalized trust for mortality and economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-025-02413-4},
  year = 2025
}

@article{akaliyski2025individualismcollectivism,
  abstract = {Individualism–collectivism (I-C), the most widely researched cultural dimension, is often equated with Hofstede’s pioneering nation scores. Concerns are growing about these scores’ validity, but subsequent research has not produced a widely accepted alternative. Here, we offer a refined theoretical conceptualization of I-C, we systematically reevaluate the validity of Hofstede’s I-C scores, and we report the development and validation of a new I-C index, covering 102 countries/territories inhabited by an estimated 88% of the world’s population. In Study 1, we document the inferior convergent and nomological validity of Hofstede’s I-C index, compared to subsequent measures. Hofstede’s scores substantially overestimate individualism in English-speaking countries and collectivism in East Asian societies, which we demonstrate can considerably bias research findings. In Study 2, we develop an authoritative, theory-driven I-C index, using nationally representative data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study, which shows excellent internal coherence, temporal stability, and strong evidence of convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. Theorized facets of individualism—freedom (vs. conformity), tolerance of differences (vs. exclusion), and equality (vs. discrimination)—form a coherent and stable dimension at the cultural level of analysis. Individualism is higher in societies with better existential security (e.g., socioeconomic development, stable institutions) and is not associated with greater selfishness, anomie, or competitive beliefs and values. Relying on outdated indices may perpetuate cultural stereotypes and underpin flawed theorizing. Scholars should use theoretically appropriate and up-to-date measures of societal culture when seeking to understand global variation in human psychological functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)},
  author = {Akaliyski, Plamen and Vignoles, Vivian L. and Welzel, Christian and Minkov, Michael},
  doi = {10.1037/pspp0000580},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-50},
  study = {EVS2017},
  title = {Individualism–collectivism: Reconstructing Hofstede’s dimension of cultural differences},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000580},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{junior2022income,
  abstract = {This paper explores the effects of income inequality on the relationship between environmental attitudes and life satisfaction across 27 European countries. Furthermore, it assesses the influence of the European Union on their citizens’ behavior regarding the link between environmental attitudes and happiness. Using data from European Values Study, it applies an ordered probit model. The findings suggest that subjective and objective income inequality do not change the relationship between environmental attitudes and welfare, providing evidence of the “commitment effect”. The results also show similar performance of the relationship between environmental attitudes and well-being between EU-members and non-EU members.},
  author = {Júnior, Ary},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  institution = {ISEG - REM - Research in Economics and Mathematics},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 229,
  pages = {1-28},
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Does income inequality change the relationship between environmental attitudes and subjective well-being? Evidence for 27 European countries},
  url = {https://www.repository.utl.pt/handle/10400.5/24259},
  year = 2022
}

@article{dhima2025reexamining,
  abstract = {What explains cross-national variation in the level of women's descriptive representation? Theoretically, scholars have long recognised that women's descriptive representation is determined by both demand-side and supply-side factors. Demand-side factors have to do with the preferences that people have for women legislators, whereas supply-side factors determine the size of the pool of women with the resources and ambition to compete effectively for office. Unfortunately, existing empirical studies treat supply-side and demand-side factors as if they work separately and fail to test the inherent interaction at the theoretical core of the supply and demand framework. Women's descriptive representation should only be high when supply and demand are both sufficiently high. I test the implications of the theory using a new global dataset on women's representation. The results strongly support the claim that women's descriptive representation depends on the interaction of supply-side and demand-side factors. My analysis provides a potential explanation for the inconsistent results in the existing literature.},
  author = {Dhima, Kostanca},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.12253},
  doi = {10.1080/00344893.2025.2510260},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v3.0.0},
  issn = {00344893},
  journal = {Representation},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {645-663},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2018},
  title = {Reexamining the Supply and Demand Framework for Explaining Women's Descriptive Representation},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2025.2510260},
  volume = 61,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{bein2025demokratieverstndnisse,
  abstract = {Simon Bein analysiert die Polarisierung von Demokratieverständnissen in Bayern rund um die Landtagswahlen 2023. Dabei werden zunächst theoretische Prämissen entworfen, wie einerseits eine notwendige Pluralität von Demokratiekonzeptionen und gesellschaftlichen Konflikten bewahrt werden kann, aber andererseits eine allzu dysfunktionale Polarisierung im Sinne einer feindlichen Nullsummenlogik vermieden werden kann. Empirisch erfolgt die Gegenüberstellung zentraler Muster der Einstellungen zur Demokratie in Bayern mit der von einigen politischen Akteuren vorangetriebenen Polarisierung im Vorfeld der Landtagswahlen 2023 in Bayern.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Bein, Simon},
  booktitle = {Demokratie zwischen normativem Postulat und empirischer Realität: Herausforderungen und Krisen in der Debatte},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14021},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-49216-8_5},
  editor = {Straßner, Alexander and Bein, Simon},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-49216-8},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {73-102},
  publisher = {Springer VS},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017},
  title = {Demokratieverständnisse, demokratische Polarisierung und Feinde der Demokratie. Beobachtungen aus Bayern},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-49216-8_5},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{stutzer2025democracy,
  abstract = {The pursuit of happiness is often closely linked to the idea of a constitution by the people and for the people. The basic rules of democratic constitutions, however, come with rather different characteristics. Given the recent erosion of the social consensus on existing rules in some countries, there is a need to better understand how different state institutions affect people’s lives in terms of their individual wellbeing. In our chapter, we consider a conceptual framework that relates state institutions to people’s experience of outcome utility and procedural utility. The latter refers to the idea that people not only value the consequences of the democratic decision-making process but also gain wellbeing from living and acting under this institutionalized process, as, for example, the possibilities to participate among equals can contribute to a positive sense of self. The theoretical considerations are complemented by a review of the empirical literature on how different aspects of state institutions contribute to the self-reported wellbeing of the resident population. The focus is on generally fair and extensive elections and, more specifically, on electoral systems, direct democracy, and federalism. Overall, the evidence suggests that fostering democracy in the twenty-first century deserves high attention in a plan for wellbeing.},
  address = {London},
  author = {Stutzer, Alois and Jansen, Benjamin and Schib, Tobias},
  booktitle = {Wellbeing and Policy: Evidence for Action},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003382447-15},
  editor = {Brigulio, Marie and Czap, Natalia and Laffan, Kate},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  isbn = {9781003382447},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {108-117},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Democracy and Wellbeing},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003382447-15},
  year = 2025
}

@article{arzheimer2025islamophobia,
  abstract = {The far right’s relationship with religion has become a major focus of current research. Even in Western Europe, one of the most rapidly secularising areas of the world, far right actors claim to defend Christian values against the alleged threat of Islam and Muslim immigrants, a rhetorical strategy known as ‘Christianism’. Yet, little is known about how religiosity, Islamophobia, and populist far-right ideology are connected at the level of mass belief systems in Western Europe. Most of the literature is focused either on religiosity’s effect on voting or on the connection between religiosity and ethnic prejudice, without considering religiosity’s relationships with the wider spectrum of far-right ideology. The present article fills this gap by analysing survey data from Britain, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. It uses SEM to uncover the relationships between Christian religiosity on the one hand and Islamophobia and far-right attitudes on the other. The results are broadly similar across different contexts: religiosity is mostly unrelated to Islamophobia, nativism, right-wing authoritarianism, and populism. Conversely, Islamophobia overlaps considerably with both nativism and authoritarianism: people who perceive immigration as a threat and favour strict laws and harsh enforcement also tend to reject Islam, but not for religious reasons. This pattern is compatible with the strategy of Christianism, which is largely devoid of religiosity, yet facilitates the “othering” of Muslims as a cultural out-group. It also helps to explain why there is no genuine, electorally relevant religious far right in Western Europe.},
  author = {Arzheimer, Kai},
  doi = {10.1177/20531680251351895},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/20531680251351895},
  journal = {Research \& Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-8},
  title = {Islamophobia in Western Europe is unrelated to religiosity but highly correlated with far right attitudes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/20531680251351895},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2025
}

@article{rinaldi2025religious,
  abstract = {Many scholars look at the micro-dynamics of religious transmission within the family to explain the aggregate change we observe across different dimensions: younger and less religious cohorts replace older and more religious ones. Italy is not exceptional in this respect. The new data collected for the TORAG (Transmission of Religion Across Generations) project make clear how religious transmission within the family is relevant for such a process of change and that the role played by mothers is crucial. According to this theoretical perspective, change in religious transmission should be traced back to change in the social role played by women. In contemporary Italy?as in many other Western societies?women changed their role across different fields, increasing their participation in the education system and in the labor market. Based on TORAG and EVS (European Values Study) data, we found that the position women occupy in the private and public domains affects their religiosity and the willingness to transmit it to their offspring. Especially participation in the labor market increases the amount of time women spend in the public domain, lowering the relevance attached to religion. Work becomes a secular alternative reducing the time available for religion and the religious socialization of children.},
  author = {Rinaldi, Ferruccio Biolcati and Cabria, Marcello and Carriero, Renzo and Molteni, Francesco and Ricucci, Roberta},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13629},
  doi = {10.1080/13537903.2025.2585710},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7570 v2.1.0 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {13537903},
  journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {417-436},
  study-id = {ISSP2018 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Religious socialization and the changing role of women: the Italian case},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2025.2585710},
  volume = 40,
  year = 2025
}

@article{costa2025eutansia,
  abstract = {This study uses data from the European Values Study to compare the attitudes of Portuguese and British people towards euthanasia, analysing how sociodemographic characteristics, religious beliefs, and political orientation are associated with attitudes. The results show that the British have an average justification 1.69 points higher (Likert scale from 1 to 10). Women have an average justification of 5.97 (SD = 3.16) and men 5.81 (SD = 3.12), with participants aged 45-54 having the highest justification for the practice (6.32) and those aged ³75 the lowest (5.25). The variables with significant relationships with the justification of euthanasia are age (negative), level of education (positive), and country.},
  author = {Costa, Bruno Frutuoso},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.7458/SPP202510734619},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  number = 107,
  pages = {149-173},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A eutanásia em Portugal e no Reino Unido: uma análise comparativa de atitudes},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7458/SPP202510734619},
  year = 2025
}

@article{raisonducleuziou2025transition,
  abstract = {La sécularisation continue de la société française a des effets contraires dans le catholicisme qui se recompose, désormais à une échelle minoritaire. Après la phase de « sécularisation interne », nous assisterions à une phase de « désécularisation ». Ce nouveau catholicisme se marque par un attachement aux rites, une valorisation du sacré et une morale rigoureuse.},
  author = {Raison du Cleuziou, Yann},
  doi = {10.3917/etu.4326.0087},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Études},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  pages = {85-95},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {La transition minoritaire du catholicisme français},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3917/etu.4326.0087},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2025
}

@article{menold2025improving,
  abstract = {The study addresses the effects of piloting methods on the cross-cultural comparability and reliability of the measurement of gender and age stereotypes. We conducted a summative evaluation of expert reviews, cognitive pretests and web probing. We first piloted a gender role, an ageism, and a children stereotypes instrument in German and American English. We then randomly assigned the original and piloted versions to respondents in Germany and the United States using an online survey experiment and quota samples. No configural invariance was shown by the original instruments and the reliability of the gender role instrument was insufficiently low. The results show that piloting methods increased reliability and improved measurement invariance, although the effects varied by topic. Cross-cultural expert reviews and web probing provided more consistent results than other methods. A combination of web probing and cross-cultural expert reviews can maximize both reliability and measurement invariance.},
  author = {Menold, Natalja and Hadler, Patricia and Neuert, Cornelia},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004 ; 10.4232/1.12661},
  doi = {10.1177/00491241241307600},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0},
  issn = {00491241},
  journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-23},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Improving cross-cultural comparability of measures on gender and age stereotypes by means of piloting methods},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241241307600},
  year = 2025
}

@article{georgijev2025valores,
  abstract = {Language and culture are interconnected in such a way that one cannot exist without the other; they cannot exist separately. Since language serves as a symbolic system that expresses culture, comparative research on language inherently involves a comparison of cultures. The aim of this comparative study is to provide insights into recognizing cultural differences between two societies: Serbian society and Spanish society. We will use values that express the distribution of gender roles as an approximation to cultural differences. Using representative data from the European Values Study (EVS) 2018, we will present a comparative analysis of attitudes in these two populations toward gender roles in both public (business, politics) and private (home, child-rearing) spheres. Since both societies are seen as patriarchal, we offer a different interpretation and point out that there has already been a divergence of values. Relatively strict male and female roles, as well as a high appreciation of the heteronormativity of marriage, are still quite present in Serbia while they are significantly questioned in Spain.},
  author = {Georgijev, Ivana and Kovač, Jelena and Jovanović, Ana Kuzmanović},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  issn = {2393056X},
  journal = {Colindancias},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {223-243},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Valores relativos a los papeles de género en Serbia y España: contribución a la investigación sociolingüística de género comparada (Gender Role Values in Serbia and Spain: A Contribution to Comparative Gender Sociolinguistic Research)},
  url = {https://colindancias.uvt.ro/index.php/dj/article/view/451},
  volume = 15,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{muffels2023material,
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Muffels, Ruud},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_1741},
  editor = {Maggino, Filomena},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  isbn = {9783031172991},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {4170-4175},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Material and Nonmaterial (Family, Social, Leisure) Values},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_1741},
  year = 2023
}

@article{charles2025minding,
  abstract = {This study investigates variability across 31 European countries in the gender composition of engineering and computing ('tech') occupations, and possible sociocultural drivers of this variability. As previously documented for other STEM domains and geographies, the largest tech gender gaps are in the most affluent societies of Europe (which are also most postmaterialist and gender-liberal culturally). Multilevel regression models explore key attitudinal and socioeconomic predictors of this gender segregation that have been identified through previous comparative research. Results show that men, but not women, who espouse postmaterialist values have higher odds of working in engineering or computing, and that the gender-specific effects of postmaterialist values account for a substantial share of cross-country variability. Findings are consistent with research suggesting a heightened salience of gender math stereotypes to career aspirations in societies that valorize individual self-expression and 'doing what you love.'},
  author = {Charles, Maria},
  doi = {10.1177/00207152251372850},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {00207152},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-26},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Minding the gap(s): The uneven gendering of engineering and computing work across Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152251372850},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{dykstra2025partnerships,
  abstract = {As societies are aging, an increasing number of partnerships are late-life, long-lasting partnerships. Fifty-year wedding anniversaries are not as exceptional as they used to be. In this chapter, I first provide demographic information on later-life partnerships, showing that more and more older adults have complex relationship biographies. Following the premise that the quality of partnerships is an important determinant of later-life well-being, I address three questions. Given the paucity of research on same-sex relationships at later life course stages, the focus is on opposite-sex relationships. The first question addresses marital quality in later life. Longitudinal studies show that the quality of later-life marriages compares to that of earlier stages of the marital trajectory, but the set points of marital happiness vary. The second question concerns the diversity among later-life partnerships. Research on this topic (insofar it exists) shows few differences in quality among co-residential unions (marriages and cohabitations), but LAT-relationships seem to be quite distinct. LAT-relationships tend to score the lowest on all the measures of relationship quality. The third question focuses on the effects of later-life transitions for the quality of partnerships. Contrary to popular images, retirement and the empty nest tend not to upset the dynamics in later-life partnerships. Nevertheless, there is evidence of tensions in specific circumstances. Women’s marital quality appears to be more strongly related to their partners’ decline in health than men’s. At the end of the chapter, I provide suggestions for further research.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Dykstra, Pearl A.},
  booktitle = {Research Handbook on Partnering across the Life Course},
  doi = {10.4337/9781803923383.00021},
  editor = {Mortelmans, Dimitri and Bernardi, Laura and Perelli-Harris, Brienna},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {165-177},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar},
  title = {Partnerships in later life},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923383.00021},
  year = 2025
}

@article{li2025economic,
  abstract = {This study employs global survey data and multilevel linear models to analyze the effects of contextual factors on intergenerational educational mobility across 49 countries. The first conclusion is that the educational mobility-promoting effects of economic development are stronger in nations with lower levels of inequality than in nations with higher levels. As income inequality rises, its mobility-inhibiting effect would outweigh the facilitation of economic development, implying that income inequality hinders socioeconomic development’s efforts to positively enhance educational mobility. The second is that women’s intergenerational educational mobility is more strongly influenced by macro factors than men’s. When the external social environment improves, women would have more mobile educational attainment and when the social environment deteriorates, women’s educational solidification grows rapidly. The third is that socioeconomic inequality restricts mobilities for the older cohort more noticeably, whereas the younger cohort benefits more from the expanded educational opportunities brought on by economic growth.},
  author = {Li, Jiyue and Zhang, Qian},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.1057/s41599-025-05687-x},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  issn = {26629992},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {1-12},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Economic development benefits or social inequality hinders? Intergenerational educational mobility in 49 countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05687-x},
  volume = 12,
  year = 2025
}

@article{coron2024strotypes,
  abstract = {The existing literature has examined the links between gender and work-family conflict, but little has been done to explore the moderating effect of gender stereotypes on the differentiated effects of gender according to direction (work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict) and/or dimension (time, tension, behaviour, cognition). This research uses the latest wave of the European Working Conditions Survey to examine the moderating effect of gender stereotypes at the national level on the effects of gender on four combinations (direction x dimension) of work-family conflict. The results show that work-family conflict is lower in countries characterised by a more egalitarian view of gender, and that for two of the four combinations, and for the overall conflict, this effect is more marked for men than for women. These results allow us to discuss the existing literature in the light of gender role theory.},
  author = {Coron, Clotilde},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.7202/1118800ar},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0},
  issn = {0034379X},
  journal = {Relations industrielles},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article french},
  language = {french},
  number = 3,
  pages = {1-21},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Stéréotypes de genre et conflit entre travail et famille en Europe: une analyse sur plusieurs dimensions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7202/1118800ar },
  volume = 79,
  year = 2024
}

@article{dawson2025political,
  abstract = {Rising polarization, disinformation, and populist anti-system movements have contributed to a state of uncertainty for democracy. Some scholars suggest that many countries are experiencing democratic backsliding and declining public support for democracy, while others argue these trends are overstated or mismeasured. Alongside this debate, political trust is being examined with increasing concern, with cross-national research among democracies signaling a trend of declining trust in partisan political institutions yet stability in less partisan institutions. This paper examines these issues in the Canadian context, analyzing data on democratic backsliding and political trust. Findings suggest that, unlike many other countries, Canada has not experienced democratic erosion, with its democracy score showing a slight increase over the past decade. Political trust levels remain relatively high, though trends in trust, particularly in the police, warrant further scrutiny. While Canada appears resilient, trends in polarization and populism raise questions about whether its stability will persist in the long term.},
  author = {Dawson, Andrew},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13736},
  doi = {10.3138/jcs-2025-0212},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503 v2.0.0},
  issn = {0021-9495},
  journal = {Journal of Canadian Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {179-187},
  study-id = {EVS1981–2017},
  title = {Political Trust and Democracy: Canada in Comparative Perspective},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2025-0212},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2025
}

@article{nair2025ethnic,
  abstract = {The prevailing view among scholars has been that the preference for strong leaders is an idiosyncratic feature of right-wing individuals. However, it is unclear whether this inference is accurate given that prior research has largely overlooked the role of ethnicity. We analyzed data from the United States and Western Europe (N = 34,443) and found that ethnic minorities (and right-wing individuals) preferred strong leaders to a greater extent than Whites (and left-wing individuals). Notably, ethnic minorities across diverse ethnic and political backgrounds were closer to right-wing Whites on strong-leader preference than to left-wing Whites. Our work also provides some evidence, using both measurement-of-mediation (Studies 1–4) and experimental mediation (preregistered Studies 5 and 6), that generalized trust helps explain group differences in strong-leader preference. In sum, our research illustrates the unique nature of left-wing Whites’ leadership preferences, and highlights the importance of testing social science theories using diverse participant samples.},
  author = {Nair, Krishnan and Mooijman, Marlon and Kouchaki, Maryam},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897},
  doi = {10.1177/09567976251327217},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v4.0.0},
  issn = {09567976},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {384-403},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {The Ethnic and Political Divide in the Preference for Strong Leaders},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976251327217},
  volume = 36,
  year = 2025
}

@article{hertel2025multiverse,
  abstract = {Different class theories suggest competing mechanisms behind stratification and assume primacy of different levels of occupational aggregation. By comparing eight class schemes across 12 outcomes with data from more than 546,000 individuals in 61 countries, we offer the most comprehensive multi-scheme comparison of class stratification. Additionally, we evaluate scheme differences across different analytical settings (pooled data, smaller random samples, selected country comaprisons). We asses scheme performance by average effect strength and model fit. Results suggest that microclasses are the best analytical choice with sufficiently large samples. If parsimony is taken into account and samples are smaller, aggregated class schemes are superior in terms of model fit. Country differences in relative scheme performance are negligible and unsystematic supporting the application of class analysis for cross-national comparative designs. The article concludes with a nuanced guide for empirical class analysis.},
  author = {Hertel, Florian R. and Barone, Carlo and Smallenbroek, Oscar},
  doi = {10.1162/euso_a_00044},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA3430 ; ZA4350 ; ZA4950},
  issn = {1461-6696},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {840–888},
  study = {ISSP2010-2018 ; CSES IMD},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; ISSP1999 ; ISSP2005 ; ISSP2008},
  title = {The multiverse of social class. A large-scale assessment of macro-level, meso-level and micro-level approaches to class analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/euso_a_00044},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2025
}

@article{roth2025harmonization,
  abstract = {When combining survey data from different sources, researchers face the problem that questions measuring the same construct often differ in their response scales across surveys, making data difficult to compare. In this situation, observed score equating in a random groups design (OSE-RG) can transform the data of one question into the format of another question, making the data comparable. However, OSE-RG transformations are population dependent. An OSE-RG transformation established in one population might not be applicable to other (sub-)populations. This leads to the problem that practitioners accidentally can introduce bias into subsequent analysis depending on how they harmonize and analyze their data. In this study, we empirically investigate this source of bias, termed (missing) population invariance of OSE-RG. We harmonize 16 question pairs from two general population surveys, finding that OSE-RG can be susceptible to missing population invariance. Based on the results, we provide recommendations on how practitioners can navigate the issue.},
  author = {Roth, Matthias and Singh, Ranjit Konrad},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13897 ; 10.4232/1.13880},
  doi = {10.1080/13645579.2025.2481112},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 v5.0.0 ; ZA5665 v40.0.1},
  issn = {1464-5300},
  journal = {International Journal of Social Research Methodology},
  keywords = {2026 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {67-80},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; GP.pop Standard Edition},
  title = {One harmonization fits all? – Impact of missing population invariance on harmonization error when harmonizing social science survey questions with equating},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2025.2481112},
  volume = 29,
  year = 2026
}

@article{tsiapa2025productivity,
  abstract = {This paper examines the productivity slowdown by analyzing the degree, leverage, and spatial patterns of productivity improvements and spillovers in regions of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. The analysis covers the Global Financial Crisis (2007–2012) as well as the pre-crisis (2002–2007) and post-crisis (2012–2017) periods. Using the Metafrontier Malmquist Productivity approach with robust estimators, the study conceptualizes technological shifts and diffusion networks within both endogenous and exogenous regional environments. Findings show that changes in technical efficiency have a short-term positive effect on regional growth, while technical change affects growth through initial conditions and path dependency. Regional productivity shifted from improving within-country resource allocation via endogenous factors enhancing the exogenous operating environment. However, unlocking a region’s full productivity potential depends on factors beyond its development level. Diffusion networks for efficiency and technological advancements exhibit limited dynamism and region-specific characteristics. In some cases, productivity growth in one region negatively affects neighboring regions. Spillovers from efficiency improvements occur partially among regions with closer technological proximity, especially during crises. These insights offer important policy implications for fostering regional productivity and addressing uneven development.},
  author = {Tsiapa, Maria and Tzeremes, Panayiotis G. and Tzeremes, Nickolaos G.},
  doi = {10.1007/s11123-025-00751-9},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {1573-0441},
  journal = {Journal of Productivity Analysis},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {23–41},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Productivity slowdown and regional productivity heterogeneity},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-025-00751-9},
  volume = 64,
  year = 2025
}

@article{molteni2025losing,
  abstract = {According to cultural assimilation theories, immigrants generally tend to adopt the values and attitudes of the native population, as seen in areas such as gender equality, religiosity, and trust. This study analyzes immigrants' attitudes toward immigrant groups using European Values Study data, finding strong evidence for cultural assimilation. Overall, immigrants initially exhibit more positive attitudes toward immigrants than natives, but these attitudes become increasingly negative across generations and with longer settlement periods. Muslim migrants show some exceptions to this trend while still displaying signs of assimilation. Additionally, the influence of education on attitudes increases among second-generation migrants, mirroring patterns seen in the native population. These findings strongly support cultural assimilation theory, suggesting a broad and general process even in attitudes toward immigrants.},
  author = {Molteni, Francesco and Ladini, Riccardo and Biolcati, Ferruccio},
  doi = {10.1111/soc4.70070},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  journal = {Sociology Compass},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 5,
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Losing Empathy With Assimilation: Immigrants' Attitudes Toward Other Immigrants in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.70070},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2025
}

@article{mierkezatwarnicki2025cleavage,
  abstract = {How does civil society shape the development of cleavages? While intermediary organisations, such as trade unions and churches, featured heavily in historical accounts, neo-cleavage theory tends to ignore the meso-level dynamics of the new ‘transnational’ divide beyond party politics. This agenda-setting article introduces a general framework for studying the relationship between civil society and cleavages, capable of facilitating comparisons across contexts. Specifically, the article identifies two mechanisms through which civil society – in different forms – can shape emerging cleavages: by structuring patterns of group-party linkage on the supply-side and by deepening social closure on the demand-side. The article develops hypotheses about how the changing structure of civil society in Western Europe affects its capacity to perform these functions. Empirical evidence from expert and population surveys, complemented by illustrative case studies, suggests that civil society continues to influence cleavage politics, albeit in more differentiated and volatile ways.},
  author = {Mierke-Zatwarnicki, Alex and Borbáth, Endre and Hutter, Swen},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1080/01402382.2025.2543136},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {01402382},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  keywords = {2026 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {726-755},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/ WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Cleavage theory meets civil society: a framework and research agenda},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2025.2543136},
  volume = 49,
  year = 2026
}

@book{tausch2025homonegativity,
  abstract = {This open access book describes the world’s increasingly multicultural societies face the problem that more and more diverse lifestyles (LGBTQIA+ communities) are not universally accepted, and that today, in addition to xenophobia, racism and anti-Semitism, there is substantial homonegativity. This book explores this issue, reviews the empirical literature on the subject and provides new empirically based evidence on a global and European scale. Based on an analysis of The World Values Survey using the statistical software SPSS, it provides a scientifically sound answer to the question of which social groups in Europe and around the globe are more homophobic and which are less, together with insights into the multivariate relationships between homonegativity and religiously motivated political extremism. The extensive and representative statistical samples allow cautious conclusions to be drawn for smaller religious groups in the European Union and other countries around the world.},
  address = {Cham},
  author = {Tausch, Arno},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-66202-7},
  isbn = {978-3-031-66202-7},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro book english},
  language = {english},
  publisher = {Springer},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Homonegativity and Religiously Motivated Political Extremism: A Study Based on World Values Survey Data from 88 Countries and Territories},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66202-7},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{haerpfer2025ukraine,
  abstract = {Die Werte und Einstellungen gegenüber Europa, insbesondere der Europäischen Union (EU), haben sich in der Ukraine seit der Unabhängigkeit des Landes von der Sowjetunion grundlegend gewandelt. Parallel zur Entwicklung und Kultivierung einer ukrainischen nationalen Identität, die sich seit 1991 intensivierte, wurden das Gefühl der Zugehörigkeit zur europäischen Gemeinschaft einerseits und die Einstellung zur EU andererseits seither durch historische Traditionen, neue politische Entwicklungen und durch soziokulturelle Faktoren beeinflusst. Ereignisse wie die ‚Orangene Revolution‘ von 2004, die ‚Revolution der Würde‘ (Euromaidan) von 2014, die Annexion der Krim durch die Russische Föderation und der militärische Einmarsch Russlands in die Ukraine im Jahr 2022 haben die öffentliche Wahrnehmung der EU und die geopolitischen Orientierungen und Entscheidungen der Ukraine entscheidend geprägt.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Haerpfer, Christian and Kizilova, Kseniya},
  booktitle = {Deutschlands Ukraine-Politik: Strategie und Risikoeinschätzung in den Bereichen Entwicklung, Außenbeziehungen und Sicherheit},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-47697-7_9},
  editor = {Gieler, Wolfgang and Nowak, Meik},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  isbn = {978-3-658-47697-7},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {115-146},
  publisher = {Springer },
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Ukraine und Europa: Identität, Werte und Unterstützung für die EU-Mitgliedschaft in der Ukraine},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47697-7_9},
  year = 2025
}

@article{soine2025diverging,
  abstract = {The existence of hierarchies of ethnic preferences in society is well-documented. However, there is little research about how such ethnic hierarchies can be explained. Improving upon previous studies, we investigated whether individuals’ cultural distance toward ethnic outgroups and their level of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) contribute to differences in their perception of social distance toward these groups. Our study is based on a survey in the Netherlands (N = 1249) and provides robust evidence for an ethnic hierarchy in the majority group’s perception of social distance toward 36 ethnic groups. However, this hierarchy is not universal. For more right-wing authoritarian individuals, the ethnic hierarchy is particularly steep, meaning they discriminate more between outgroups. By contrast, less right-wing authoritarian individuals differentiate little between outgroups. Furthermore, the relationship between RWA and social distance is moderated by cultural distance. We interpret this finding with symbolic threat theory, according to which greater cultural distance “activates” authoritarian attitudes, which affect the perception of social distance to varying degrees. Our results contribute to understanding the ethnic hierarchy in social distance perceptions by showing that it is determined by characteristics of the perceiving individual (RWA) and of the perceived group (cultural distance) as well as by their interaction.},
  author = {Soiné, Hannah and Lancee, Bram},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.13670},
  doi = {10.1007/s12134-025-01237-1},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v1.1.0},
  issn = {18746365},
  journal = {Journal of International Migration and Integration},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1567–1593},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Diverging Ethnic Hierarchies? Cultural Distance, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Social Distance Perceptions in the Netherlands},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-025-01237-1},
  volume = 26,
  year = 2025
}

@article{ikeda2025perceived,
  abstract = {This study examines the political-psychological dynamics surrounding subjective well-being (SWB), using data from the sixth and seventh waves of the World Values Survey. We focus on a factor related to individuals’ perceived sense of control over society: perceived national and societal risk. In addition, we assess how this perception relates to aggregate patterns of SWB distribution—specifically, upward and downward comparative disparities—rather than the overall extent of inequality. Our findings indicate that higher perceived risks are consistently associated with lower SWB. To test the robustness of these associations, we also conducted an instrumental variable (IV) estimation to address potential endogeneity in perceived national and societal risk. While the results suggest a possible directional influence from risk perception to SWB, limitations in the validity of instruments and the stability of estimates warrant cautious interpretation. Nonetheless, the association remains robust even after accounting for macro-level indicators, such as gross domestic product per capita, income inequality, and measures of democratic governance (Freedom House score). Furthermore, the interactive effects of upward and downward comparative disparities with perceived societal risk become more pronounced in high-risk contexts, amplifying the negative association in the case of upward disparities (Iu) and enhancing the positive association in the case of downward disparities (Id). While causality cannot be definitively established, the findings clarify the structural interplay between perceived societal risk, the distributional shape of well-being, and individual-level SWB. This provides a conceptual framework for understanding how societal risk perceptions and well-being disparities jointly shape SWB across different contexts.},
  author = {Ikeda, Ken’ichi and Akaeda, Naoki},
  doi = {10.1007/s11482-025-10509-y},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  issn = {1871-2576},
  journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {2015–2048},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Perceived Societal Risk and Well-being Inequality: Exploring Political-psychological Correlates of Subjective Life Satisfaction},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-025-10509-y},
  volume = 20,
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{haug2025geflchtete,
  abstract = {Der Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse aus einer Befragung von Geflüchteten in Bayern im Projekt „Demokratieakzeptanz und Partizipation von Geflüchteten (DePaGe) im Rahmen des Bayerischen Forschungsverbunds ForDemocracy vor. Hierbei geht es unter anderem um Einstellungen und Verhalten in Bezug auf politische Partizipation. Dargestellt werden soziodemographische Merkmale, soziales Kapital, die bisherige politische Partizipation im Herkunftsland und die geplante Partizipation in Deutschland und Einflussfaktoren. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der eingeschränkten Beteiligungsrechte und der politischen Beteilung in der Allgemeinbevölkerung diskutiert.},
  address = {Wiesbaden},
  author = {Haug, Sonja and Schmidbauer, Simon},
  booktitle = {Migration und Konflikt},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-44919-3_5},
  editor = {Kersting, Norbert and Müller, Julian David and Hunger, Uwe},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v2.0.0},
  isbn = {9783658449193},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro german incollection},
  language = {german},
  pages = {91-111},
  publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2021},
  title = {Geflüchtete in Deutschland und ihre Einstellung zur Demokratie – eine empirische Untersuchung},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44919-3_5},
  year = 2025
}

@article{tranfic2025parish,
  abstract = {This article explores the emergence of anti-gender mobilisation in Southeast Europe with a comparative case study of Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia. I employ a most similar systems design to explain different outcomes, namely, varying levels of movement mobilisation in the three countries. Two factors are proven to be crucial: religious resource mobilisation and right-wing alliance dynamics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with leaders of anti-gender organisations to better understand actors’ strategic motivations and perceptions of context when deciding (not) to mobilise. The article shows that investigations of countermovements should be expanded by analyses disaggregating the seemingly monolithic field of (far-)right politics.},
  author = {Tranfić, Ivan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11004},
  doi = {10.1080/21599165.2025.2528722},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800 v3.0.0},
  issn = {2159-9173},
  journal = {East European Politics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {401-422},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {From parish to parliament: resources and alliances of anti-gender movements in Southeast Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2025.2528722},
  volume = 41,
  year = 2025
}

@mastersthesis{sulen2023euroscepticism,
  abstract = {This bachelor thesis is a qualitative, comparative paper on Euroscepticism in the political culture of Norway and Switzerland. The questions I seek to answer are What kind of Euroscepticism exists in Norway and Switzerland? To what extent is Euroscepticism prevalent in the political culture of these two countries? And if it is prevalent, why is that? I analyse this using multiple comparative case study analysis and motivational typologies of Euroscepticism. The motivational typologies I focus on are political- and cultural Euroscepticism. Based on the results from the European Values Study 2017, I find that both types can be found in both cases based on political systems, political history, and national identity. My discussion leads me to conclude that Euroscepticism is prevalent in both Norway and Switzerland, although they differ in reasons.},
  author = {Sulen, Mari Reffhaug},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english mastersthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {Euroscepticism in the political culture of Norway and Switzerland: A Comparative Case-Study Analysis},
  type = {Bachelor's thesis},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3072533},
  year = 2023
}

@techreport{ho2024social,
  abstract = {We document three cross-sectional stylized facts on labor supply and family formation. First, female labor force participation (FLFP) and total fertility rates (TFRs) are much lower in Eastern societies compared to Western economies. Second, labor hours and the gender pay gap are much higher in the East than in the West. Third, parents invest more in schooling in Eastern societies compared to Western economies. To account for these features, we develop and estimate a rich heterogeneous-agent model with endogenous marriage, fertility, labor supply, and time and money investment in children. Estimates using data from South Korea and the United States highlight the importance of gender norms and long work hours practices in driving down FLFP while child quality mores drive down fertility in South Korea. Our results suggest that a multi-pronged policy approach or reductions in the gender pay gap may help boost both FLFP and fertility in East Asia.},
  address = {Singapore},
  author = {Ho, Christine and Wang, Yutao},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500 ; ZA5900},
  institution = {Singapore Management University},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 80,
  series = {Working Paper},
  study-id = {EVS2017 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Social institutions and low birth rates},
  url = {https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/2770},
  year = 2024
}

@incollection{valgardsson2025trust,
  abstract = {Concerns about a 'crisis of democracy' have grown in recent times, and many believe that this crisis has its roots in citizens' declining political trust. These concerns raise some fundamental questions: what do we mean by political trust? Is trust all of a piece? Why do we think it is important? This chapter offers a review of the literature on trust in political and legislative actors and systems, guided by these fundamental questions. I argue that trust in representative institutions and actors should be distinguished from trust in other state institutions and that political trust primarily refers to the belief that the former would do good; a belief that is shaped both by features of the trustor and the trustee. This belief appears to be related to many important social and political outcomes, but robust causal evidence about the causes and consequences of political trust remains scarce.},
  address = {Cheltenham},
  author = {Valgarðsson, Viktor},
  booktitle = {Handbook on Trust in Public Governance},
  doi = {10.4337/9781802201406.00016},
  editor = {Six, Frédérique and Hamm, Joseph A. and Latusek, Dominika and Zimmeren, Esther van and Verhoest, Koen},
  isbn = {9781802201406},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {153-166},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  study = {EVS ; ISSP ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Trust in political and legislative actors and systems},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802201406.00016},
  year = 2025
}

@incollection{ramos2025society,
  address = {Abingdon},
  author = {Ramos, Alice},
  booktitle = {Portugal in the 21st Century},
  doi = {10.4324/9781003488033-6},
  editor = {Monteiro, Nuno and Silva, Patrícia and Magalhães, Pedro C.},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  isbn = {978-1-003-48803-3},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro english incollection},
  language = {english},
  pages = {79-98},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Society},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003488033-6},
  year = 2025
}

@article{bassetti2025environmental,
  abstract = {In this paper, we test the hypothesis that participation in cultural associations improves social capital, and more specifically generalized trust, which in turn fosters environmental concern. Using a dataset combining two large cross-national socioeconomic surveys and an instrumental variable mediation approach, we find that a measure of generalized trust fully mediates the relationship between people’s participation in cultural organizations and their environmental concerns. This result suggests that governments can increase citizens' environmental concern – a prerequisite for pro-environmental behaviors – by encouraging their participation in cultural associations.},
  author = {Bassetti, Thomas and Pavesi, Filippo and Scotti, Massimo},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14320},
  doi = {10.71014/sieds.v79i2.293},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v5.0.0},
  journal = {Rivista Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica },
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {187-198},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Environmental Concern: A Culture Of Trust},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.71014/sieds.v79i2.293},
  volume = 79,
  year = 2025
}

@article{muis2025opponents,
  abstract = {Contradicting claims exist about the extent to which identity-based ideological polarization is eroding or improving democracy. We address this ambiguity by disentangling different forms of polarization (i.e., elite, partisan, societal) and their relationship with different aspects of democracy (i.e., quality, diffuse support, specific support). Based on the agonistic pluralism theory, we argue that democracy benefits from political conflict between mutually respected opponents, while societal conflict between moralized enemies undermines it. We test these hypotheses by means of multivariate multiple regression modelling of repeated cross-sectional data and macro-level information on 24 European countries (1999-2017). Largely in line with the expectations, we find that partisan polarization is associated with better democratic quality, while societal polarization relates to lower quality and less institutional trust. This is partly due to elite polarization, which turns out to be a strong predictor of worsening democratic quality. Additional analyses show that the exploitation of affective polarization plays an important part in this. Diffuse democratic support remains largely unaffected by ideological polarization but decreases when affective polarization prevails. We conclude by stressing the need for clearly defined approaches in research on polarization and democracy, as focusing on different forms and aspects can lead to very different conclusions.},
  author = {Muis, Quita and Hendriks, Frank and Reeskens, Tim},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2025.2548904},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7503},
  issn = {13510347},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-24},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2017},
  title = {Opponents, not enemies: disentangling the relationship between polarization and democracy in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2025.2548904},
  year = 2025
}

@article{haack2025unveiling,
  abstract = {Previous work on legitimacy has conceptualized its multi-level nature, encompassing individual-level propriety and collective-level validity. Recently, scholars have introduced the construct of consensus, the degree to which evaluators agree in terms of their propriety beliefs. While validity and consensus can overlap, they can also manifest distinctly, with validity masking underlying disagreement (i.e., low consensus). Furthermore, some work has begun to theorize the effects of this validity-consensus incongruity from a multi-level perspective, but it has yet to systematically integrate micro-oriented theory to explain how evaluators assess legitimacy. We address this limitation by examining the individual-level consequences of the validity-consensus incongruity following a negative shock. Specifically, using a multi-level regression discontinuity design and data from 6260 evaluators across 17 countries, we examine changes in evaluators' propriety beliefs about the legitimacy of free markets following the 2008 global financial crisis. In contrast to prior research, we theorize that high validity amplifies a shock's negative impact on evaluators' propriety beliefs. In addition, we establish how consensus explains variation in evaluators' responses to a shock, particularly in high-validity, low-consensus contexts. By bringing together two important strands of the legitimacy literature, we extend prior theory and pioneer an empirical test of the nuanced nature of legitimacy.},
  author = {Haack, Patrick and Sieweke, Jost and Pfarrer, Michael D.},
  data-doi = {https://doi.org/10.4232/1.11005},
  doi = {10.1111/joms.13196},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4804 v2.0.0},
  issn = {00222380},
  journal = {Journal of Management Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-43},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Unveiling Propriety, Validity and Consensus: A Multi-level Examination of Legitimacy Following the Global Financial Crisis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.13196},
  year = 2025
}

@article{emoke2024egyenlsg,
  abstract = {This paper examines the opinions and gender ideologies of ethnic Hungarians in Romania, focusing on the social and demographic factors that shape them. The analysis is based on the ethnic Hungarian subsample of the European Values Study conducted in 2019/2020. While gender inequalities and related attitudes among Hungarians in Romania remain relatively understudied, this research is significant for exploring the role of traditional values and ideologies in perpetuating the so-called “stalled revolution”. Our findings support Begall et al.’s assertion that gender ideologies are multidimensional rather than unidimensional. Moreover, we observe that attitudes toward women’s private and public roles are influenced by different variables. From women’s perspective, the results highlight the essence of the “stalled revolution.” On one hand, women have embraced the norm of building professional careers; on the other, their efforts are hindered by men’s relatively weaker support for women’s career aspirations. Additionally, women’s professional endeavours often clash with the widespread social consensus that caregiving is a fundamentally gendered, feminized role.},
  author = {Emőke, Geambașu and Réka, Akácsos},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  journal = {Erdélyi Társadalom},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article other},
  language = {other},
  pages = {9-34},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A nemi egyenlőség „megrekedt forradalma”. Az erdélyi magyarok nemi egyenlőséggel kapcsolatos véleményei (The „Stalled Revolution” of Gender Equality: Opinions on Gender Equality among Hungarians in Transylvania)},
  url = {https://www.erdelyitarsadalom.ro/files/et44/et-bbu-44-01.pdf},
  volume = 22,
  year = 2024
}

@article{pileggi2025addressing,
  abstract = {This paper addresses the potential social risk associated with the capability to infer sensitive opinions from large self-reported data within a computational-intensive world, in which AI is pervasively and inherently adopted as part of the resulting socio-technical system. Such a social risk should be framed assuming a variety of socio-political contexts, including also non-democratic systems or, more in general, systems with significant lacks in terms of human rights. A simplified view of social risk is considered proportional to the sensitivity of the information and the prediction performance. The related computational experiments are conducted by applying Machine Learning techniques (Neural Networks) on a pre-existent case study based on a subset of the popular World Values Survey. Despite such a use case is not explicitly designed to maximise the prediction performance and is characterised by low dimensionality, the empirical results pointed out an overall interesting capability to infer potentially sensitive information. Additionally, the prediction accuracy resulted to be proportional to the likelihood of data to change along the time. Those results are discussed in context in the paper, looking holistically at the associated social risk, as well as at possible practical implications. In a continuously evolving context, characterised by fast advances of AI technology in contrast with a lack of systematic frameworks for reasoning about risk, uncertainty, and their potentially catastrophic consequences, this study focuses on computational experimentation and case studies to further stimulate the convergence of analysis frameworks and to nurture awareness from both a social and a user perspective.},
  author = {Pileggi, Salvatore Flavio},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1007/s43545-025-01129-2},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {2662-9283},
  journal = {SN Social Sciences},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 99,
  pages = {1-13},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Addressing the potential social risk of self-reported data within a computational-intensive world},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-025-01129-2},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2025
}

@article{coutinho2024secularization,
  abstract = {In this article we analyze trends and differentials in religiosity by Christian denomination: Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox. Combining six measures of religiosity used in the European Values Study, we categorized young adult respondents as “religious,” “fuzzy,” or “secular.” We found that, in the most secular countries, the “religious” proportion has remained stable over recent decades; however, there has been a concurrent growth in the “secular” proportion—hence a shrinking of the “fuzzy” middle group. A postcommunist revival has continued in some Orthodox countries but abated elsewhere, while Catholic countries have shown greater declines than already highly secularized Protestant countries.},
  author = {Coutinho, José Pereira and Burkimsher, Marion and Clements, Ben},
  doi = {10.1163/18748929-bja10127},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {18748929},
  journal = {Journal of Religion in Europe},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {325–367},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Secularization or Revival, Polarization or Convergence?: An Assessment of Trends in the Religiosity of Young Adults in Twenty-First-Century Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-bja10127},
  volume = 18,
  year = 2024
}

@article{bognar2025changing,
  abstract = {This study examines the values of religious and non-religious people in Central and Eastern Europe over the past thirty years. It focuses on changes in perceptions of gay people and explores how the emergence of sexual orientation in public discourse has influenced its acceptance or rejection. The research highlights a specific duality in the region where religiosity is accompanied by an increasing acceptance of gay people in the region; but in some countries, differences between religious and non-religious perceptions of gay people are increasing. The study argues that this duality is shaped by different public discourses, identity politics, and the varied roles of churches in these processes across countries. Consequently, it offers a new interpretation of the relationship between religiosity and attitudes toward gay people.},
  author = {Bognár, Bulcsu and Kmetty, Zoltán},
  doi = {10.3390/rel16020168},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA4804 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {2077-1444},
  journal = {Religions},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {1-20},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Changing Identities of Religious People: The Role of Religiosity and the Public Discourse in Evaluating Gay People in Central and Eastern Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16020168},
  volume = 16,
  year = 2025
}

@article{nazarska2025immigrants,
  abstract = {The article examines the attitude of religious leaders of traditional denominations in Bulgaria (Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) towards immigrants who arrived in 2014- 2025. It studies the perception of immigrants (refugees, temporary and permanent residents) by highly religious elites, having a good orientation in religious dogma and ethics and occupying leading positions in their religious communities, and the decision-making process based on these perceptions. Qualitative methods are used, i.e. standardized face-to-face interviews conducted by the authors with clergymen, heads of religious institutions and NGOs, and scholars in the field of religious studies. The paper comments on the relationship between religious moral values, the actions of religious organizations and state migration policies.},
  author = {Nazarska, Georgeta and Shapkalova, Svetla},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4800},
  issn = {2534-8434},
  journal = {Ethical Studies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 2,
  pages = {108-121},
  study-id = {EVS2008},
  title = {Immigrants, Religious Ethics and Religious Institutions in Bulgaria: An Anthropological Study (2014–2025)},
  url = {https://jesbg.com/gnazarska-sshapkalova-immigrants-religious-ethics-and-religious-institutions-in-bulgaria-an-anthropological-study-2014-2025/},
  volume = 10,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{hewlett2023trends,
  abstract = {Trust in institutions has been very stable in most European countries for the last 20 years. While longer trend series dating back to the 1980s suggest a decline in trust across most institutions until the end of the 1990s, there has been no notable attitudinal shift in trust since the turn of the millennium. What is evident, however, is that for some countries there has been an increase in expressed levels of confidence in national parliaments and expressed levels of trust in political parties. So while there is stability in levels of confidence/trust in institutions across Europe overall, breaking these trends down by country does reveal some divergent patterns.},
  author = {Hewlett, Kirstie and Benson, Rebecca and Duffy, Bobby and Stoneman, Paul},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  institution = {PERITIA},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  pages = 15,
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Trends in trust},
  url = {https://peritia-trust.eu/wp- content/uploads/2023/05/Briefing-Note-D8.1-Trust_trends_vsn-1.0.pdf},
  year = 2023
}

@article{lian2025unity,
  abstract = {How do national and cosmopolitan identities impact value consensus in the contemporary world? This study employs self-categorization theory to argue that national identity serves as a salient social identity, offering individuals a comparative fit that facilitates the internalization of prototypical values. In contrast, cosmopolitan identity, which is viewed as a post-national identity in this study, is considered non-salient and fails to foster value consensus, as it cannot offer a comparative fit. Drawing on the Joint European Values Study/World Values Survey (EVS/WVS) 2017–2022 dataset, this study contributes to the ongoing debate with the following conclusions: first, higher national identity means within countries contribute to value consensus regarding conformity; second, neither national nor cosmopolitan identities' means influence value consensus concerning tradition; and third, elevated national identity means bolster value consensus on benevolence, while increased cosmopolitan identity means weaken value consensus on benevolence.},
  author = {Lian, Debing},
  doi = {10.1111/soc4.70153},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  journal = {Sociology Compass},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 12,
  pages = {1-11},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017‐2022},
  title = {Unity or Diversity? The Impact of National and Cosmopolitan Identities on Value Consensus},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.70153},
  volume = 19,
  year = 2025
}

@article{liu2025imperative,
  abstract = {COVID-19 sparked a global public health crisis, to which countries around the world responded differently. However, the critical reasons behind governments' slow or stringent responses to COVID-19 remain understudied. Leveraging multiple global databases on COVID-19 policies, trust, and national cultural orientation, this study spotlights the crucial roles of institutional trust and individualism in shaping the speed and stringency of early COVID-19 policy responses across 120 countries. Using necessary condition analysis (NCA), the study unveils that low institutional trust is necessary for high first-response delay, while both low institutional trust and low individualism are necessary for high first-response stringency. A mediating necessity relationship is established: “low institutional trust—high first-response delay—high first-response stringency.” These findings underscore the critical need to improve institutional trust, enabling a crisis response policy of “responding quickly with low stringency,” thus minimizing early-phase health and socioeconomic repercussions. By highlighting the imperative of institutional trust and individualistic culture in crisis policymaking, this study provides new insights into how and why informal institutions matter most for early crisis responses.},
  author = {Liu, Yao and Yan, Bo and Chen, Bin and Wu, Long and Zhang, Xiaomin},
  doi = {10.1111/psj.70037},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505},
  journal = {Policy Studies Journal},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-19},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {The imperative of institutional trust and individualistic culture on early COVID‐19 policy responses: A necessary condition analysis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.70037},
  year = 2025
}

@article{palmasaleiro2025attitudes,
  abstract = {This article analyses attitudes towards the social division of labour and gender inequalities in paid and unpaid work in Portugal. The study was based on a survey of 2375 local public administration employees in the Cávado region and used validated measures of gender attitudes. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three latent dimensions in relation to gender attitudes: gender attitudes in the work-family interface; gender attitudes in housework and care; perceptions of the evolution of gender equality. In addition, bivariate inferential tests (t-tests and one-way ANOVA) were performed to identify and compare patterns of gender attitudes between women and men according to age, education, geographic area, and parenthood. Results show progress in attitudes towards gender equality, especially among women, suggesting that Portuguese society differs from the traditional gender regime in southern Europe. However, we also identified trends of regression among younger male workers, which may present increased challenges to gender equality policies.},
  author = {Palma Saleiro, Sandra and Martins Barroso, Margarida and Franco da Silva, Sara},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.11549 ; 10.4232/1.1700 ; 10.4232/1.12661},
  doi = {10.22325/fes/res.2025.280},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3782 v3.0.1 ; ZA1700 v1.0.0 ; ZA5900 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1578-2824},
  journal = {Revista Española de Sociología (RES) / Spanish Journal of Sociology},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; ISSP1988 ; ISSP2012},
  title = {Attitudes towards gender equality at work and in the family. The Portuguese case between tradition and change},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2025.280},
  volume = 34,
  year = 2025
}

@article{topcu2025moral,
  abstract = {Objective: A growing body of research on moral injury (MI) has focused on various occupational groups, particularly on military personnel and veterans. However, there is a notable gap in investigations of MI in offender populations. This study was conducted to investigate the experiences and coping strategies of MI among offenders. Researchers have also identified the specific values that have been violated in MI. Method: The phenomenological design employed semistructured interviews to examine the offenders’ MI experiences. Thematic analysis techniques were used to investigate the participants’ feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. We recruited 15 participants from a larger sample based on their scores obtained on the administered scales and conducted in-depth interviews along with memos. Results: Three superordinate themes were conceptualized: (a) violated values, (b) experiences of MI, and (c) strategies for coping with MI. The empirical findings suggest that offenders have various experiences. These include frequent engagement in feelings, thoughts, and behaviors related to MI. Participants also demonstrated five categories of coping strategies: emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and spiritual. MI involves violation of numerous values. Conclusion: All offenders described in detail how they experienced and coped with moral injuries. Based on these findings, researchers suggest that mental health professionals working in penal institutions should implement programs to improve offenders’ well-being, particularly when encountering morally injurious events. This intervention could involve identifying personal values in order to develop strategies. },
  author = {Topçu, Feyza and Taşdelen, Oğuzhan},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1037/tra0001961},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {1942969X},
  journal = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 6,
  pages = {1306–1320},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022},
  title = {Moral injury exposure among offenders in Türkiye: Experiences, coping, and values},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001961},
  volume = 17,
  year = 2025
}

@article{compans2025medically,
  abstract = {This paper explores the relationship between access legislation of Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR) and public attitudes towards family structures in Europe. It contributes to understanding the contextual frameworks that may facilitate the formation of a family outside the different-sex couple norm. The permissiveness of MAR policies has received political attention due to its potential to revolutionize family formation, with varying regulatory routes among states regarding access for single individuals and same-sex couples. We particularly examine regulatory trends in granting MAR access to single women and lesbian couples in Europe, and how legislation aligns with attitudes towards single motherhood and same-sex parenthood. Utilizing descriptive analysis and two-level models on original MAR legislation data across 36 European countries and the European Values Study (2008–10 and 2017–20) for attitudes, we show that MAR access is granted to lesbian couples in contexts where same-sex parenthood is accepted. By contrast, legalized MAR access for single women seems rather disconnected from public opinion towards single motherhood. As a whole, the paper delineates contexts in which the combination of social acceptance and legal permissibility of MAR use for non-normative prospective parents may favor the formation of ‘new’ family forms.},
  author = {Compans, Marie-Caroline and Zagel, Hannah},
  doi = {10.1162/euso_a_00003},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA4460 ; ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {1461-6696},
  journal = {European Societies},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {171–203},
  study-id = {EVS1990 ; EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Medically assisted reproduction and non-normative family forms: legislation and public opinion in Europe},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/euso_a_00003},
  volume = 27,
  year = 2025
}

@article{park2025public,
  abstract = {This paper examines how public demand and institutional contexts shape the substantive representation of LGBTQ+ populations across Europe. I argue that while positive social constructions of LGBTQ+ populations are a necessary condition for the advances of LGBTQ+ rights, issue salience can facilitate LGBTQ+ rights only if public opinion on LGBTQ+ is positive. Furthermore, I assert that translating social constructions of LGBTQ+ populations into policy outputs is mediated by the proportionality of electoral systems. I analyze policy scores, public attitudes, and online interest concerning LGBTQ+ topics. I find that positive social constructions are correlated with more inclusive LGBTQ+ rights across countries, and the positive impact of issue salience on LGBTQ+ rights is observed only in countries with positive social constructions. Additionally, the analysis of electoral systems provides mixed evidence regarding the role of proportionality.},
  author = {Park, Yeon Soo},
  doi = {10.1017/S0143814X2510072X},
  issn = {0143814X},
  journal = {Journal of Public Policy},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-23},
  study = {ISSP ; EVS ; Eurobarometer},
  title = {Public demand and LGBTQ+ rights},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X2510072X},
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{dewit2024reconciling,
  abstract = {Despite the continued popularity of cross national culture research across social sciences, the use of multidimensional value based models is not without discussion. A key issue concerns the observation that value diversity within countries may be larger than between countries, giving rise to a theoretical and empirical tension between the national cultural level and the individual level. This paper examines the individual and national cultural level simultaneously using a novel typology of norms and values. Leveraging pooled World Values Survey and European Values Study data of 137,505 individuals that live in 76 countries across the world, we find three archetypes that capture individuals' values and norms in a cross-country setting. Each individual is characterized by a configuration of archetypes. Findings illustrate that each archetype is associated with different socio-economic demographics. Moreover, we observe marked differences between the probability of finding any of the three individual archetypes in a country. The paper illustrates how a typological approach can advance our understanding of cultural differences across countries, while acknowledging individual level value diversity.},
  address = {Essen},
  author = {Wit, Juliette de and Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.5174},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA5174 v1.0.0},
  institution = {Global Labor Organization (GLO)},
  journal = {GLO Discussion Paper Series},
  keywords = {2024 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 1483,
  pages = 58,
  series = {GLO Discussion Paper Series},
  study-id = {EVS1981-2008},
  title = {Reconciling the individual and societal level in comparative cultural analysis: An archetypal analysis of values and norms across 76 countries},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10419/301838},
  year = 2024
}

@article{uz2015index,
  abstract = {If a culture is characterized by pervasive norms and sanctioning of deviance from norms, it is a tight culture. In a tight culture, people’s values, norms, and behavior are similar to each other. Thus, cultural tightness can be conceptualized as homogeneity in values, norms, and behaviors. As such, the cultural tightness and looseness (CTL) can be captured by SD. In the present study, a theoretical framework to study CTL was suggested. Three different indices of CTL in 68 societies were developed based on cultural-level SDs: a domain-specific index, a domain-general index, and a combination index. The combination CTL index showed the greatest validity compared with the domain-specific index, domain-general index, and another measure based on aggregation of individual-level perceptions. With the CTL index at hand, further theoretical predictions pertaining to the CTL can be tested. In general, wider use of SD was advocated.},
  author = {Uz, Irem},
  doi = {10.1177/0022022114563611},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  keywords = {2015 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {319-335},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {The Index of Cultural Tightness and Looseness Among 68 Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022114563611        },
  volume = 46,
  year = 2015
}

@article{valko2025cultural,
  abstract = {Climate change research, like much of social science, is biased toward WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) populations, limiting its global relevance. Even cross-national studies often suffer from methodological inconsistencies due to cultural and geographic interdependencies. This study examines how such differences shape psychological drivers and national climate mitigation outcomes. Using preregistered analyses on large-scale datasets and various distance metrics, we find that greater cultural distance correlates with weaker renewable energy adoption, environmental policies, and sustainability spending. Individual psychological factors, such as environmental identity and climate beliefs, also predict national outcomes, even after accounting for interdependence. These findings underscore the need for culturally inclusive and methodologically rigorous approaches in climate research to better inform global sustainability policy.},
  author = {Valko, Danila and Thompson, Kristin},
  data-doi = {10.4232/1.14023},
  doi = {10.1002/sd.70454},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7505 v4.0.0},
  issn = {09680802},
  journal = {Sustainable Development},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  pages = {1-25},
  study-id = {Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022},
  title = {Cultural Differences and Interdependencies in Climate Change Mitigation Efforts and Their Psychological Antecedents Across 63 Countries},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.70454},
  year = 2025
}

@phdthesis{lancaster2022multicultural,
  abstract = {This dissertation applies theories of political conflict, nationalism, and attitude formation to examine how immigration and multiculturalism are reshaping mass political attitudes. I approach these questions through the lens of nationalism, contending that nationalisms have begun to take on a more ``civilizational" character. West European nationalism is being reconstructed in terms of social liberalism, while nationalism in postcommunist Europe emphasizes Christianity. Regardless of the flavor of nationalism across Europe, however, the intent is the same--to broaden the appeal of anti-immigrant politics.      The first chapter examines immigration attitudes in Western Europe. It is commonly assumed that opponents of immigration also exhibit conservatism on other sociocultural issues. However, using survey data from 11 West European countries, as well as a Dutch household panel, I find that those born during and after the ``postmaterialist revolution" have weakened associations between gender and immigration attitudes, while older individuals' attitudes are strongly correlated.       In the second chapter, I explore the immigration issue in Eastern Europe, where politicization of the refugee crisis by elites has begun to refocus the sociocultural dimension. I compare data from 2008 and 2017 across 10 East European states, finding evidence that traditionalist attitudes are more strongly related to anti-immigrant attitudes since the crisis. Further, immigration attitudes are polarizing across the sociocultural dimension and by education.       The third chapter is based on original survey data collected in the United States and Norway to determine the micro-foundations of anti-Muslim attitudes. Some expect conservatives to be more opposed to Muslims than liberals, while others theorize that anti-Muslim sentiment exists across the ideological spectrum, rooted in complex concerns about Islam. Using a conjoint experiment, I find limited evidence of ideological discrepancies. Instead, I find consistency--liberals and conservatives in both the United States and Norway prefer Muslims who are less conservative.       The final chapter explores how sociocultural attitudes are ``packaged" across world regions. I focus on two components--traditionalism and ethnocentrism--and examine the cohesion between these two attitudes using data from over 70 countries. I find that tight attitude cohesion is most likely in countries with party systems polarized on the sociocultural dimension.},
  author = {Lancaster, Caroline Marie},
  doi = {10.17615/WR28-Y422},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA7500},
  keywords = {2022 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english phdthesis},
  language = {english},
  school = {The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries},
  study-id = {EVS2017},
  title = {A Multicultural Europe? Sociocultural Conflict in a Globalized Era},
  type = {P.h.D Thesis},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.17615/WR28-Y422},
  year = 2022
}

@article{berggren2025periods,
  abstract = {Uncertainty affects people in various ways. It is frequently found to hinder investment and production in the economic sphere. In this study, we examine the empirical relationship between uncertainty and tolerance toward Muslims and Jews. Does uncertainty make people more or less tolerant? This question is particularly relevant given the prevalence of pandemics, wars, and financial crises. We investigate this relationship using the World Uncertainty Index, which measures the frequency of the word “uncertain” (and its variants) in The Economist Intelligence Unit country reports. By analyzing quarterly data from up to 56 countries between 1990 and 2020, we link country-level uncertainty to approximately 227,000 individual responses from the World Values Survey/European Values Study regarding whether respondents would like to have Jews or Muslims as neighbors. Leveraging the precise timing of survey interviews, we relate individual attitudes to prevailing uncertainty levels. Our results indicate a positive relationship between uncertainty and both tolerance indicators. Thus, for those concerned with attitudes toward minorities often subjected to prejudice, calm periods may pose greater risks to tolerance than volatile periods.},
  author = {Berggren, Niclas and Bergh, Andreas and Nilsson, Therese},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.001},
  issn = {0147-5967},
  journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 3,
  pages = {772-785},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Periods of uncertainty are linked to greater acceptance of minorities},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.001},
  volume = 53,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{kappner2021voter,
  abstract = {This paper presents a new dataset that harmonizes and integrates survey data spanning more than 50 countries over four decades to measure preferences for redistribution by income groups via group-level latent variable models. For OECD countries included in that dataset, we explore the effects of group-level preferences on three policy outcomes: welfare-state generosity, social spending in percent of GDP and redistribution via taxes and transfers. We find some evidence that policy responds less to the preferences of poor citizens than to middle-income and affluent citizens, but we do not find any evidence of a systematic bias in favor of affluent citizens relative to middle-income citizens (or vice-versa). The lack of overall policy responsiveness to public preferences measured in this manner is the most striking finding that emerges from our exploratory analysis.},
  address = {Geneva},
  author = {Käppner, Konstantin and Joosten, Max Antonius and Poltier, Jérémie Gautier and Pontusson, Harry Jonas},
  institution = {Université de Genève},
  keywords = {2021 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = 30,
  pages = 64,
  series = {UNEQUAL DEMOCRACIES Working paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Voter Preferences and Redistributive Policy: Exploratory Analysis Based on a Comprehensive Dataset on Preferences},
  url = {https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:156831},
  year = 2021
}

@article{ahmedova2025culture,
  abstract = {This paper explores how culture influences economic development across nations and regions. By examining cultural values, norms, and institutions through empirical and theoretical lenses, the study identifies key cultural dimensions—such as trust, work ethic, and individualism—that correlate with economic outcomes. Data from cross-national surveys and economic indicators are analyzed to draw connections between cultural traits and economic performance. The findings suggest that culture is a foundational element of development, shaping both formal institutions and individual behavior in the economy. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines statistical analysis with comparative case studies, the findings reveal that cultural traits significantly correlate with economic outcomes.},
  author = {Ahmedova, Sadaqat},
  doi = {10.69760/portuni.0104025},
  issn = {30302234},
  journal = {Porta Universorum},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2025 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 4,
  pages = {254-261},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Culture as Capital: Exploring the Economic Impact of Societal Values and Institutions},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.69760/portuni.0104025 },
  volume = 1,
  year = 2025
}

@article{olar2024winds,
  abstract = {Do democratic transitions affect citizens’ subsequent support for democracy? We propose that the type of democratic transition (citizen-centered vs elite-centered) shapes citizens’ support for democracy through the investment created by citizen participation in the transition and the expectations this generates about the future under democracy. We test our hypotheses using democratic transitions data from Geddes et al. (2014) and harmonized survey data of citizens’ support for democracy from nearly 500,000 respondents in 78 established and new democracies over the period 1946–2015. Our results show a consistent negative effect of elite-centered transitions on support for democracy, while the effects of citizen-centered transitions are less robust and much more context-dependent. Using an augmented difference-in-difference estimation we can underpin these findings by isolating the causal effect of transitions. Our results indicate the political socialization effect and long-lasting impact of major political events on individuals’ democratic attitudes.},
  author = {Olar, Roman-Gabriel and Neundorf, Anja},
  doi = {10.1080/13510347.2024.2405853},
  gesis-study_no = {ZA3811 ; ZA4800 ; ZA7500},
  issn = {1351-0347},
  journal = {Democratization},
  keywords = {2025 EVS EVS_input2024 EVS_pro article english},
  language = {english},
  number = 1,
  pages = {123-145},
  study = {Module 2},
  study-id = {EVS1999 ; EVS2008 ; EVS2017},
  title = {Winds of change: democratic transitions and long-term democratic support},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2024.2405853},
  volume = 32,
  year = 2025
}

@techreport{wawra2023cultural,
  abstract = {This paper provides an overview of survey findings from Switzerland on key parameters that can influence the willingness to share (WTS) personal data. It provides insights into Swiss mentalities towards data disclosure on a macro level and thus into the cultural preconditions of information governance. This ‘country report’ is one of several that have been compiled as part of the interdisciplinary project Vectors of data disclosure – A comparative study of the use of personal data from a legal, cultural studies, and information systems perspective1, funded by the Bavarian Research Institute for Digital Transformation2.},
  address = {Passau},
  author = {Wawra, Daniela and Thir, Veronika and Kindsmüller, Katharina and Vollenschier, Vanessa},
  institution = {Institute for Law of the Digital Society, University of Passau},
  keywords = {2023 EVS EVS_input2000 EVS_pro english techreport},
  language = {english},
  number = {23-5},
  pages = 59,
  series = {Research Paper},
  study = {EVS},
  title = {Cultural Influences on Personal Data Disclosure Decisions - Swiss Perspectives},
  url = {https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4533431},
  year = 2023
}

